swear_v 98_o assiser_n shall_v be_v person_n more_o than_o ordinary_a intelligent_a it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o advocat_n study_v the_o questiones_fw-la medico-legales_a the_o design_n of_o this_o appendix_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n omit_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o forego_n book_n and_o if_o the_o worthy_a gentleman_n have_v live_v to_o favour_v his_o country_n with_o a_o second_o edition_n it_o be_v likely_a he_o will_v have_v enlarge_v upon_o the_o whole_a title_n of_o his_o book_n and_o save_v i_o the_o pain_n of_o this_o addition_n by_o write_v on_o it_o to_o better_a purpose_n this_o subject_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o title_n of_o injury_n by_o p._n aerodius_n rer_n judicat_fw-la lib._n 6._o tit_n 5._o cap._n 20._o matthaeus_n decrim_a do_fw-mi 4._o cap._n 2._o carpz_n prax_fw-la crim_n p._n 2._o qu._n 99_o n._n 25._o wesenbecius_n &_o zoes_n ad_fw-la tit_n ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o by_o many_o other_o and_o even_o by_o the_o text_n itself_o §_o 7._o inst_z de_fw-mi injur_fw-fr and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o to_o cut_v off_o mutilat_fw-la or_o disable_v a_o necessary_a member_n of_o the_o body_n be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a injury_n that_o can_v be_v do_v to_o it_o for_o not_o only_o do_v it_o deform_v the_o body_n but_o render_v it_o unfit_a for_o action_n and_o in_o many_o place_n make_v the_o injure_a person_n incapable_a of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o priesthood_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v n._n 20._o infra_fw-la so_o that_o these_o crime_n or_o delict_n be_v very_o proper_o handle_v in_o the_o title_n of_o injury_n yet_o other_o as_o covarruv_n relict_n de_fw-fr homicide_n farin_n prax_fw-la crim_n 4_o 119._o tit_n 4._o insp_n 4._o and_o zoes_n add_v tit_n ext_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n treat_v of_o they_o in_o the_o title_n of_o homicide_n or_o murder_n as_o our_o author_n very_o proper_o call_v it_o and_o these_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o justify_v they_o first_o because_o the_o six_o command_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v exod._n 20.13_o prohibit_v these_o injury_n as_o degree_n of_o homicide_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o political_a sanction_n add_v cap._n 21._o to_o explain_v and_o defend_v that_o command_n first_o of_o all_o declare_v the_o several_a case_n of_o homicide_n from_o vers_fw-la 12._o to_o vers_n 24._o and_o then_o the_o case_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n v._o 24._o and_o 25._o make_v this_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o punishment_n that_o as_o life_n must_v go_v for_o life_n so_o eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n hand_n for_o hand_n foot_n for_o foot_n second_o these_o crime_n because_o of_o their_o similitude_n and_o relation_n to_o one_o another_o have_v many_o common_a rule_n for_o judge_v they_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v coujoyn_v in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o cap._n 11._o stat_fw-la rob._n 2._o and_o act_n 28._o par._n 3._o ja._n 4._o and_o act_n 118._o par._n 7._o ja._n 5._o but_o this_o controversy_n be_v of_o no_o moment_n the_o reader_n may_v append_v this_o small_a treatise_n either_o to_o the_o title_n of_o murder_n or_o of_o injury_n as_o he_o please_v i_o have_v divide_v this_o little_a tractat_fw-la in_o two_o part_n in_o the_o first_o i_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n or_o delict_n together_o with_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v in_o they_o in_o the_o second_o i_o consider_v their_o pain_n and_o punishment_n the_o matter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n be_v medico-juridical_a and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o physician_n and_o lawyer_n have_v be_v mutual_o assist_v to_o each_o other_o and_o the_o case_n resolve_v by_o they_o be_v call_v quaestiones_fw-la medico-legales_a this_o subject_n be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v and_o the_o wickedness_n and_o vindictive_a nature_n of_o mankind_n have_v make_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o necessary_a as_o its_o useful_a so_o its_o difficult_a and_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o for_o tunatus_fw-la fidelis_n a_o learned_a physician_n who_o have_v write_v a_o book_n in_o octavo_n de_fw-la relationibus_fw-la medicorum_fw-la in_o which_o for_o clear_v the_o ease_n wherein_o judge_n be_v in_o use_n to_o call_v for_o the_o advice_n of_o physician_n he_o lib._n 2._o tit_n 5._o de_fw-la mutilatione_fw-la introduce_v his_o discourse_n with_o these_o word_n hand_n parva_fw-la difficultas_fw-la quibusiam_fw-la medicis_fw-la interdum_fw-la offertur_fw-la si_fw-la quando_fw-la a_o judice_fw-la de_fw-fr mutilis_fw-la est_fw-la referendum_fw-la si_fw-la io_fw-it enim_fw-la mulios_fw-la esse_fw-la que_fw-la cum_fw-la scientiarum_fw-la titulo_fw-la se_fw-la venditent_a quid_fw-la tamen_fw-la ipsa_fw-la sit_fw-la mutilatio_fw-la plunè_fw-la ignorant_a and_o the_o dissiculty_n appear_v in_o the_o different_a sentiment_n about_o it_o the_o second_o part_n be_v theologico_fw-la juridical_a and_o have_v many_o thorny_a question_n in_o it_o especial_o about_o the_o pain_n of_o retaliation_n which_o have_v perplex_v both_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n and_o yet_o few_o have_v write_v on_o these_o two_o delict_n as_o delict_n deserve_v punishment_n it_o be_v true_a the_o canovist_n have_v consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o canonical_a irregularity_n and_o many_o of_o the_o civilian_n also_o have_v consider_v they_o as_o to_o that_o end_n but_o they_o say_v little_a of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v punishable_a crime_n which_o have_v induce_v i_o to_o make_v this_o small_a essay_n hope_v it_o may_v encourage_v other_o to_o do_v better_a and_o if_o they_o discover_v any_o mistake_v as_o perhaps_o they_o may_v they_o will_v do_v i_o a_o favour_n to_o correct_v they_o for_o understand_v the_o different_a expression_n of_o the_o dd._n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o premit_fw-la that_o the_o word_n mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v various_o take_v by_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n as_o also_o by_o physician_n who_o lawyer_n use_v to_o consult_v in_o such_o matter_n by_o mutilation_n we_o common_o understand_v the_o cessation_n and_o privation_n of_o the_o office_n and_o distinct_a operation_n of_o a_o member_n albeit_o no_o particle_n of_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o by_o demembration_n we_o understand_v the_o cut_n off_o of_o a_o member_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n we_o find_v these_o word_n use_v in_o the_o journal_n book_n but_o fortunat._n fidel._n dict_z lib._n 2._o sect_n 5._o cap._n 1._o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n debile_a to_o signify_v that_o which_o we_o call_v a_o mutilated_a member_n and_o of_o the_o word_n mutilum_fw-la mutilatum_fw-la curtum_fw-la decurtatum_fw-la descissum_fw-la vel_fw-la detruncatum_fw-la and_o of_o the_o greek_a word_n colobon_n as_o synonymous_n word_n to_o signify_v a_o member_n want_v a_o extreme_a part_n and_o cite_v the_o word_n of_o aristotle_n 5._o metaph._n cap._n 27._o mutila_fw-la sunt_fw-la non_fw-la cujusve_fw-la particulae_fw-la privatione_fw-la nam_fw-la si_fw-la carnem_fw-la aut_fw-la splenem_fw-la tollas_fw-la non_fw-la propterea_fw-la mutilus_fw-la remanebit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la extremitatem_fw-la atque_fw-la hanc_fw-la non_fw-la omnem_fw-la sed_fw-la quae_fw-la totâ_fw-la ablatâ_fw-la generationem_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o mutilation_n according_a to_o aristotle_n consist_v in_o a_o want_n or_o defect_n of_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o can_v be_v repair_v and_o so_o galen_n de_fw-fr diff_n morborum_fw-la cite_v by_o he_o define_v mutilum_fw-la to_o be_v cvi_fw-la pars_fw-la aliqua_fw-la corporis_fw-la est_fw-la pracisa_fw-la and_o affirm_v that_o mutilation_n may_v be_v of_o eye_n ear_n nostril_n and_o of_o any_o fleshly_a part_n as_o of_o the_o tongue_n when_o the_o half_a of_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o again_o dict_z sect_n cap._n 2._o he_o cite_v galen_n 1._o the_o diff_n pull_v 11._o describe_v mutilatos_fw-la ac_fw-la decurtato_n pulsus_fw-la to_o be_v quibus_fw-la de_fw-la priore_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la aliquid_fw-la deest_fw-la and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n fortunat._n fidel._n say_v non_fw-fr quamcunque_fw-la substantiae_fw-la jacturum_fw-la mutilum_fw-la constituere_fw-la nam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la à _fw-la proximo_fw-la ortu_fw-la aut_fw-la sine_fw-la manu_fw-la prodicrit_fw-fr aut_fw-la aure_fw-la aut_fw-la parte_fw-la aliqua_fw-la similiter_fw-la fuerit_fw-la destitutus_fw-la non_fw-la mutilum_fw-la illum_fw-la sed_fw-la mancum_fw-la propriè_fw-la nuncupabo_fw-la and_o so_o he_o confound_v mutilation_n and_o demembration_n and_o also_o make_v they_o to_o be_v act_n of_o violence_n in_o like_a manner_n barbosa_n de_fw-fr off_o &_o potestat_fw-la episc_n aleg_n 42._o n._n 10._o by_o mutilated_a member_n understand_v these_o quae_fw-la aliquo_fw-la modo_fw-la praecisa_fw-la &_o obtruncata_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o the_o gloss_n and_o panormitan_n in_o c._n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la in_o verb._n debilitatus_fw-la affirm_v mutilum_fw-la dici_fw-la cvi_fw-la membrum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la abscissum_fw-la &_o mancum_fw-la dici_fw-la illum_fw-la cvi_fw-la membrum_fw-la debile_a factum_fw-la and_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v approve_v by_o covarruv_n dict_z relict_n 3._o the_o homicide_n num._n
a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n divide_v in_o two_o part_n in_o the_o first_o whereof_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o of_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n be_v unfold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n from_o which_o that_o distinction_n in_o order_n to_o crime_n descend_v explain_v also_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v in_o these_o crime_n the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o order_n of_o probation_n together_o with_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o inquest_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o part_n the_o punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n be_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o distinguish_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a refute_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n and_o even_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o rabbi_n the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a reconcile_v to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n though_o in_o many_o case_n practise_v yet_o reject_v from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n arbitrary_a punishment_n assert_v in_o place_n of_o both_o and_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a to_o judge_n for_o augment_v and_o diminish_v punishment_n in_o these_o and_o in_o other_o crime_n according_a to_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o commit_n of_o they_o and_o in_o both_o part_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o foregoing_a book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o errata_fw-la the_o letter_n n._n relate_v to_o the_o number_n in_o the_o margin_n and_o the_o letter_n l._n to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o number_n num._n 1._o line_n 4._o f_z likely_a r._n like_o n._n 4._o l._n 23._o f._n jacturum_fw-la r._n jecturam_fw-la n._n 6._o l._n pen._n f._n dutilatus_n 1_o mutilatus_fw-la n._n 7._o l._n 9_o f._n ipsis_fw-la r_o ipsius_fw-la n._n 19_o l._n 1._o f._n irregular_a r_o regular_a n._n 20._o l._n 6._o to_o dionys._n add_v halic_fw-mi n._n 24._o l._n 15._o f._n excaecuerit_fw-la r._n excaecaverit_fw-la l._n 17._o f._n lib._n 12._o r._n lib._n 22._o l._n 18._o after_o hist._n add_v cent._n 1._o n._n 37._o l._n 5._o f._n occasion_n r._n affect_v n._n 67._o l._n 7._o after_o assize_n add_v but_o this_o must_v be_v upon_o some_o speciality_n and_o probable_o because_o many_o difficulty_n occur_v in_o the_o decision_n n._n 71_o l_o 12._o f_z of_o one_o other_o r._n one_o or_o another_o n._n 100_o l_o 6._o f._n hugo_n r._n ugo_n l._n 7._o f._n talitur_fw-la r._n taliter_fw-la n._n 105._o l_o 18._o f_o lucia_n r._n lycia_n n._n 125._o l_o 4_o deal_n it_o n._n 167_o l_o 25_o f_o legem_fw-la r_o legum_fw-la n_o 170_o l._n 7_o f_o honore_fw-la r_o amâ—re_v as_o for_o any_o other_o literal_a error_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o punctation_n the_o candid_a reader_n be_v desire_v to_o excuse_v and_o amend_v they_o to_o the_o reader_n when_o i_o give_v the_o first_o of_o the_o follow_a sheet_n to_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n that_o he_o may_v publish_v they_o it_o be_v my_o desire_n that_o my_o name_n shall_v be_v conceal_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o reader_n be_v lest_o to_o his_o conjecture_n about_o the_o author_n may_v ascribe_v they_o to_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n who_o reputation_n in_o the_o world_n may_v add_v more_o lustre_n to_o the_o work_n than_o my_o obscure_a name_n can_v do_v but_o the_o publisher_n by_o some_o mistake_a apprehension_n have_v prefix_v my_o name_n have_v thereby_o oblige_v i_o to_o premit_fw-la the_o follow_a account_n beyond_o what_o the_o introduction_n contain_v which_o be_v all_o the_o preface_n i_o at_o first_o design_v the_o occasion_n of_o my_o write_n be_v this_o mr._n symson_n minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 1689._o retire_v to_o this_o city_n of_o edinburgh_n resolve_v according_a to_o the_o apostle_n advice_n 1_o thes_n 4.11_o to_o be_v quiet_a and_o to_o do_v his_o own_o business_n and_o to_o work_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o so_o 2_o thes_n 3.8_o he_o may_v not_o be_v chargeable_a to_o any_o but_o 2_o thes_n 3.12_o eat_v his_o own_o bread_n and_o ephes_n 4.28_o have_v to_o give_v to_o he_o that_o need_v and_o in_o prosecution_n of_o this_o virtuous_a resolution_n have_v take_v himself_o to_o the_o trade_n he_o well_o understand_v of_o publish_v and_o sell_v of_o book_n desire_v from_o i_o and_o his_o other_o good_a friend_n to_o give_v he_o such_o encouragement_n as_o may_v fall_v in_o our_o way_n some_o of_o the_o honourable_a society_n of_o advocat_n mr._n symson_n patron_n and_o be_v nefactor_n have_v advise_v he_o to_o publish_v a_o second_o edition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n and_o he_o be_v desirous_a that_o this_o second_o edition_n may_v go_v out_o with_o some_o addition_n i_o be_v prevail_v with_o though_o unfit_a for_o the_o undertake_n to_o write_v the_o follow_a appendix_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v lest_o to_o my_o own_o choice_n i_o pitch_v upon_o the_o crime_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n as_o these_o on_o which_o lest_o have_v be_v write_v and_o yet_o afford_v variety_n of_o matter_n both_o profitable_a and_o pleasant_a whereof_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v be_v convince_v after_o he_o have_v peruse_v these_o follow_a paper_n for_o method_n sake_n i_o have_v divide_v this_o little_a work_n in_o two_o part_n in_o the_o first_o whereof_o contain_v matter_n medicolegal_a i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o show_v they_o can_v only_o be_v commit_v on_o proper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v both_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n and_o to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o distinction_n betwixt_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n i_o have_v likewise_o set_v down_o some_o general_a direction_n for_o form_v a_o lybel_n with_o the_o most_o remarkable_a defence_n and_o some_o observation_n anent_o the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o method_n of_o probation_n the_o inquest_n their_o procedure_n intermix_v now_o and_o then_o with_o citation_n of_o law_n some_o pertinent_a passage_n of_o history_n to_o divert_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o second_o part_n i_o have_v consider_v the_o punishment_n of_o those_o crime_n and_o have_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o as_o a_o matter_n historico-theologico-juridical_a and_o refute_v the_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a and_o reconcile_v the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n and_o that_o for_o clear_v a_o debate_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n about_o strict_a retaliation_n i_o have_v also_o discourse_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n and_o reject_v it_o from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o those_o crime_n and_o have_v assert_v arbitrary_a punishment_n to_o be_v the_o ordinary_a and_o describe_v arbitrary_a punishment_n in_o the_o general_n and_o show_v how_o far_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a in_o judge_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o who_o be_v scandalize_v at_o the_o very_a name_n of_o every_o thing_n call_v arbitrary_a and_o last_o of_o all_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o second_o which_o declare_v the_o liâ—e_z of_o the_o mutilator_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will._n all_o which_o be_v more_o particular_o hold_v forth_o in_o the_o summary_n preâ—ixt_v to_o each_o part_n which_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o farinacius_n contain_v au_fw-fr abridgement_n of_o the_o head_n they_o relate_v to_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o task_n i_o have_v adduce_v the_o testimony_n of_o physician_n divine_n and_o other_o author_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o each_o of_o these_o part_n require_v and_o have_v compare_v they_o with_o the_o citation_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o d_o d._n and_o decision_n in_o the_o
book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o have_v dispose_v they_o in_o such_o a_o method_n as_o make_v the_o work_n altogether_o new_a and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n need_v more_o to_o be_v know_v because_o the_o crime_n i_o treat_v of_o have_v frequent_o occur_v and_o must_v occur_v so_o long_o as_o the_o wickedness_n of_o man_n prompt_v he_o to_o revenge_n these_o thing_n be_v premit_v concern_v the_o occasion_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o appendix_n i_o crave_v leave_n by_o way_n of_o apology_n to_o represent_v first_o that_o when_o i_o enter_v upon_o this_o task_n i_o design_v to_o comprehend_v all_o i_o have_v to_o say_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o sheet_n but_o one_o think_v follow_v upon_o another_o swell_v they_o to_o the_o number_n they_o now_o appear_v in_o next_o during_o all_o the_o time_n i_o be_v employ_v about_o these_o sheet_n i_o meet_v with_o frequent_a interruption_n from_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a suit_n of_o law_n sufficient_o know_v to_o be_v just_a on_o my_o part_n where_o through_o i_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v in_o every_o sheet_n as_o it_o be_v finish_v to_o the_o press_n before_o i_o have_v time_n to_o digest_v another_o to_o satisfy_v the_o importunity_n of_o the_o printer_n who_o frequent_o call_v for_o they_o and_o this_o do_v so_o hasten_v and_o drive_v i_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o take_v hour_n from_o my_o sleep_n to_o revise_v and_o correct_v the_o sheet_n this_o precipitation_n occasion_v some_o literal_a mistake_v and_o if_o even_a error_n in_o matter_n shall_v appear_v as_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v not_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o excuse_v myself_o in_o these_o word_n of_o the_o judicious_a noodt_n probabil_n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 1._o quod_fw-la nimia_fw-la acceleratio_fw-la saepe_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la animus_fw-la dum_fw-la pluribus_fw-la intenditur_fw-la variet_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la alia_fw-la aberret_fw-la quam_fw-la sibi_fw-la dicenda_fw-la faciendave_fw-la proposuerat_fw-la provide_v i_o do_v frank_o acknowledge_v the_o error_n how_o soon_o they_o shall_v be_v discover_v and_o this_o i_o not_o only_o promise_v to_o do_v but_o also_o will_v think_v it_o my_o honour_n after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o famous_a papinian_n who_o though_o he_o be_v dignify_v in_o law_n with_o the_o splended_a title_n of_o disertissimus_fw-la l._n fin_n c._n de_fw-fr instit_fw-la &_o substit_fw-la prudentissimus_fw-la l._n 14._o c._n the_o praed_fw-we min._n acutissimus_fw-la &_o merito_fw-la ante_fw-la alios_fw-la excellens_fw-la l._n 30._o c._n de_fw-fr fidei_fw-la comm_n hemo_fw-la excelsi_fw-la ingenii_fw-la §_o sed_fw-la quia_fw-la 7._o inst_z defidei_fw-la comm_n haered_a and_o last_o of_o all_o with_o the_o title_n of_o maximus_n papinianus_n novel_a 4._o c._n 6._o vers_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la yet_o think_v it_o no_o derogation_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o sabinus_n and_o to_o become_v his_o convert_n say_v in_o contrarium_fw-la say_v he_o after_o state_v his_o own_o opinion_n i_o vocat_fw-la sabini_n sententia_fw-la l._n 6._o §._o 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi serve_v export_n and_o by_o so_o say_v to_o proclaim_v the_o victory_n on_o sabinus_n his_o side_n and_o in_o another_o case_n justinian_n cite_v he_o change_v his_o thought_n &_o approve_v the_o 2d_o before_o the_o first_o l._n 22._o §._o 3._o c._n the_o furt_n et_fw-la serve_v cor_fw-la and_o just_o for_o reason_n shall_v not_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o will_n but_o have_v the_o command_n over_o it_o this_o be_v that_o noble_a victory_n of_o a_o man_n over_o himself_o commend_v by_o plato_n call_v it_o pulcherrimum_n victoriae_fw-la genus_fw-la a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n part_n i._n wherein_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o of_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n be_v unfold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n from_o which_o that_o distinction_n in_o order_n to_o crime_n descend_v explain_v also_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v in_o these_o crime_n the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o order_n of_o probation_n together_o with_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o inquest_n be_v set_v down_o as_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o foregoing_a book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n 1699_o edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n &_o demembration_n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o sir_n george_n mackenzies_n criminal_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n part_n i._n wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o delict_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v consider_v together_o with_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v therein_o summary_n 1_o introduction_n show_v the_o design_n of_o this_o appendix_n 2_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n by_o some_o be_v treat_v of_o among_o injury_n and_o not_o improper_o by_o other_o in_o the_o title_n of_o murder_n with_o the_o reason_n why_o 3_o this_o tractat_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o part_n treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n or_o delict_n together_o with_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v therein_o the_o second_o part_n treat_v of_o their_o punishment_n 4_o the_o several_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n mutilation_n and_o demembration_n and_o of_o their_o synonymous_n word_n mutilum_fw-la mutilatum_fw-la curtum_fw-la decurtum_fw-la descissum_n detruncatum_fw-la 5_o how_o the_o word_n mutilation_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o cap._n 11._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o in_o our_o late_a custom_n of_o speak_v 6_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v name_n of_o crime_n and_o one_o who_o want_v a_o hand_n or_o other_o member_n on_o other_o occasion_n be_v not_o proper_o call_v mutitilatus_n or_o demembratus_fw-la sed_fw-la mancus_fw-la 7_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n describe_v and_o diftinguish_v from_o debilitation_n which_o be_v the_o weaken_n of_o a_o member_n without_o take_v away_o it_o be_v total_a use_n 8_o mutilation_n like_o homicide_n distinguish_v into_o voluntary_a necessary_a casual_a and_o culpable_a 9_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v call_v act_n of_o private_a violence_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o act_n of_o punitive_a justice_n 10_o mutilation_n why_o describe_v by_o the_o word_n hurt_v and_o not_o wound_v 11_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v commit_v on_o member_n be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o homicide_n 12_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o description_n of_o mutilation_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o the_o member_n cease_v to_o be_v useful_a hold_v forth_o 1._o that_o the_o hurt_n member_n must_v be_v useful_a 2._o that_o it_o lose_v its_o usâ—_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v 13_o this_o lead_v we_o to_o inquire_v what_o be_v a_o member_n because_o it_o be_v in_o some_o case_n allege_v that_o the_o hurt_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v no_o member_n 14_o member_n divide_v in_o principal_a and_o subservient_fw-fr and_o both_o describe_v 15_o and_o in_o proper_a and_o improper_a and_o both_o describe_v 16_o the_o action_n and_o use_n of_o a_o proper_a member_n describe_v 17_o though_o mutilation_n be_v describe_v by_o its_o render_v a_o member_n useless_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o thâ—râ—ly_o confound_v with_o demembration_n 18_o the_o canonist_n in_o their_o discourse_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n give_v light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o proper_a &_o improper_a member_n 19_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n describe_v 20_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o body_n be_v cause_n of_o canonical_a irregularity_n in_o the_o româ—n_a church_n as_o have_v be_v former_o under_o the_o levitical_a law_n from_o whence_o that_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v descend_v to_o the_o heathen_a nation_n and_o last_o of_o all_o come_v in_o to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 21_o dâ—â—â—câ—_n of_o the_o body_n more_o either_o natural_a or_o accidental_a and_o among_o other_o accâ—dâ—nâ—â—_n more_o occasion_v by_o the_o crime_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n which_o 〈…〉_o rendâ—â—d_v the_o agent_n and_o sometime_o the_o patient_n and_o sometime_o both_o 〈…〉_o 22_o a_o rule_n take_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o canonist_n anent_o irregularity_n whereby_o to_o know_v when_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v commit_v in_o order_n to_o â—â—fer_v punishment_n 23_o of_o member_n in_o particular_a where_o first_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o preper_n member_n 24_o a_o man_n may_v be_v demember_v of_o his_o eye_n two_o way_n first_o formaliter_fw-la
see_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o they_o to_o study_v the_o quaestiones_fw-la medico-legales_a without_o which_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v some_o text_n in_o law_n l._n 12._o ff_n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la and_o many_o other_o law_n in_o the_o title_n ad_fw-la leg_n aquil._n &_o de_fw-fr aedil_n edict_n but_o we_o need_v not_o give_v instance_n see_v the_o large_a volume_n of_o paulus_n zacchias_n frequent_o above_o cite_v contain_v hundred_o of_o instance_n and_o matthaeus_n dict_z loc_n think_v it_o may_v be_v useful_a also_o for_o judge_n to_o understand_v these_o thing_n that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o deceive_v by_o the_o report_n of_o corrupt_a chirurgeon_n and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o he_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o 18_o aphoris_n of_o hippoc_fw-la de_fw-la vulneribus_fw-la lethalibus_fw-la sect_n 6_o and_o the_o word_n of_o celsus_n lib_n 5_o cap_n 26_o as_o a_o particular_a case_n to_o be_v understand_v a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n part_n ii_o wherein_o the_o punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n be_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o distinguish_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmerical_a refute_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n and_o even_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o rabbi_n the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a reconcile_v to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n though_o in_o many_o case_n practise_v yet_o reject_v from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n arbitrary_a punishment_n assert_v in_o place_n of_o both_o and_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a to_o judge_n for_o augment_v and_o diminish_v punishment_n in_o these_o and_o in_o other_o crime_n according_a to_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o commit_n of_o they_o and_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o before_o go_v book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n arrius_n menander_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi militari_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la desertores_fw-la similiter_fw-la puniendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la habetur_fw-la &_o ordinis_fw-la stipendiorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la gradus_fw-la militiae_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la muneris_fw-la deserti_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la actae_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o numerus_fw-la si_fw-la solus_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la altero_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la pluribus_fw-la deseruit_fw-la aliâ—dve_fw-la quid_fw-la crimen_fw-la desertioni_fw-la adjunxerit_fw-la item_n temporis_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o desertione_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la post_fw-la gesta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ultro_fw-la reversus_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitudine_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sortis_fw-la edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o part_n ii_o of_o the_o punishment_n of_o mutilation_n &_o demembration_n summary_n 99_o the_o dd._n insist_v chief_o on_o three_o punishment_n retaliation_n amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n cap._n 11._o stat._n rob._n 2._o declare_v the_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o redeemable_a which_o may_v be_v reckon_v as_o a_o four_o 100_o retaliation_n describe_v and_o its_o various_a name_n 101_o the_o subject_n be_v juridico-theological_a equal_o handle_v by_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n 102_o the_o nature_n of_o retaliation_n hold_v forth_o in_o some_o conclusion_n 103_o concl._n 1._o retaliation_n institute_v by_o god_n in_o his_o law_n and_o deliver_v by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n 104_o concl._n 2._o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n commit_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o private_a revenge_n 105_o concl._n 3._o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v transmit_v from_o the_o jew_n to_o the_o gretion_n but_o how_o or_o in_o what_o time_n be_v uncertain_a some_o ascribe_v the_o law_n to_o rhadamanthus_n who_o be_v moses_n in_o mythology_n according_a to_o huetius_n other_o to_o charondas_n king_n of_o the_o locrian_o the_o word_n of_o their_o law_n set_v down_o 106_o concl._n 4._o that_o retaliation_n be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n which_o consist_v in_o observe_v equality_n between_o the_o crime_n and_o punishment_n prove_v by_o five_o argument_n 107_o arg._n 1._o take_a from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n and_o law_n 108_o arg._n 2._o take_a from_o the_o testimony_n of_o father_n modern_a divine_n and_o lawyer_n assert_v its_o natural_a equity_n 109_o arg._n 3._o take_a from_o various_a instance_n of_o providence_n inflict_v retaliation_n 110_o arg._n 4._o take_a from_o god_n threaten_a retaliation_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o his_o church_n in_o general_n and_o the_o chaldean_n in_o particular_a and_o also_o against_o his_o own_o people_n 111_o arg._n 5._o take_a from_o the_o threaten_n of_o retaliation_n under_o the_o gospel_n which_o show_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o the_o jewish_a economy_n 112._o the_o objection_n of_o socinian_o and_o anabaptist_n devise_v to_o overturn_v the_o power_n of_o christian_a magistrate_n answer_v and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o christian_a magistrate_n assert_v 113._o a_o far_a proof_n by_o instance_n of_o providence_n under_o the_o gospel_n that_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v not_o abrogate_a under_o the_o gospel_n with_o a_o reflection_n against_o the_o deist_n deny_v the_o validity_n of_o humane_a testimony_n 114_o concl._n 5._o although_o retaliation_n be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n and_o so_o be_v immutable_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v always_o execute_v according_a to_o pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a proportion_n but_o that_o analogical_a or_o geometrical_a proportion_n as_o circumstance_n require_v be_v sufficient_a and_o this_o prove_v by_o several_a argument_n 115_o arg._n 1._o take_a from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o several_a particular_n 116_o 1._o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v either_o natural_o or_o moral_o impossible_a to_o execut_v strict_a retaliation_n 117._o 2._o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o transact_v anent_o the_o punishment_n of_o retaliation_n josephus_n his_o opinion_n disprove_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o justice-court_n anent_o transaction_n justify_v 118_o 3._o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o jewish_a magistrate_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o inquire_v into_o these_o crime_n when_o the_o party_n do_v not_o desire_v it_o 119_o 4._o if_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v apply_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o insist_v to_o have_v the_o pain_n of_o strict_a retaliation_n inflict_v yet_o then_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n but_o he_o inquire_v into_o circumstance_n and_o vary_a the_o punishment_n according_o all_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o many_o instance_n particular_o where_o the_o quality_n of_o party_n be_v unequal_a 120_o 5._o when_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n be_v equal_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o only_a difficult_a case_n even_o then_o the_o jewish_a magistrate_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o ransom_n and_o pecuniary_a mulct_n for_o punishment_n which_o be_v do_v on_o five_o account_n condescend_v on_o by_o the_o rabbi_n the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n conclude_v to_o be_v minatory_n with_o a_o rebuke_n to_o the_o sadducee_n and_o their_o successor_n 121_o 6._o a_o false_a witness_n occasion_v death_n to_o another_o be_v punish_v with_o strict_a retaliation_n but_o if_o by_o his_o testimoney_n he_o occasion_v only_a demembration_n the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a 122_o arg._n 2._o take_a from_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n as_o paraphrase_a by_o jacobus_n gothofredus_n with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o doctrine_n of_o the_o rabbi_n in_o several_a instance_n 123_o inst_z 1._o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n allow_a transaction_n as_o well_o as_o the_o jewish_a practice_n 124_o inst_z 2._o depalmation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n be_v punish_v by_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o not_o by_o strict_a retaliation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o jewish_a practice_n 125_o inst_z 3._o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n de_fw-fr osse_fw-la fuso_fw-la vel_fw-la dentibus_fw-la excussis_fw-la appoint_v pecuniary_a punishment_n and_o the_o same_o be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o delinquent_n which_o be_v also_o the_o jewish_a practice_n 126_o inst_z 4._o in_o the_o agreement_n betwixt_o
31._o he_o acknowledge_v the_o crime_n of_o demembration_n to_o be_v punishable_a by_o inflict_v a_o mulct_n in_o as_o far_o as_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o doom_n or_o sentence_n he_o insert_v the_o quota_fw-la and_o in_o all_o the_o criminal_a register_n we_o have_v no_o other_o but_o arbitrary_a punishment_n for_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n and_o in_o regaird_a the_o nature_n of_o this_o arbitrary_a punishment_n be_v not_o common_o understand_v and_o the_o very_a name_n of_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v offence_n to_o some_o who_o may_v apprehend_v that_o a_o arbitrary_a judge_n may_v do_v what_o he_o please_v and_o that_o neither_o of_o our_o learned_a country_n man_n skeen_n or_o mackenzie_n have_v insist_v on_o it_o i_o shall_v therefore_o crave_v liberty_n to_o describe_v the_o power_n of_o a_o arbitrary_a judge_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o arbitrary_a punishment_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o those_o who_o do_v not_o well_o understand_v it_o arbitrary_a punishment_n answer_v to_o arbitrary_a crime_n all_o crime_n be_v divide_v in_o ordinary_a call_v legitima_fw-la because_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v the_o nature_n both_o of_o crime_n and_o punishment_n such_o as_o i_o aesemajesty_n homicide_n and_o other_o capital_a crime_n and_o extraordinary_a or_o arbitrary_a in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v determine_v neither_o but_o have_v leave_v both_o to_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o in_o the_o â—â—â—e_a of_o forstallers_n or_o dardanarii_fw-la who_o ulpian_n l._n 6._o ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim._n describe_v in_o these_o word_n qui_fw-la fructus_fw-la suos_fw-la aequis_fw-la prâ—tiis_fw-la vendere_fw-la nollent_fw-la dum_fw-la minores_fw-la ubere_n proventus_fw-la expectant_a this_o i_o name_n with_o respect_n to_o this_o present_a year_n of_o dearth_n and_o scarcity_n and_o because_o it_o be_v the_o great_a of_o that_o kind_n solomon_n have_v tell_v we_o prov._n 11.26_o he_o that_o withold_v corn_n the_o people_n shall_v curse_v he_o but_o blessing_n shall_v be_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o he_o that_o sell_v it_o a_o further_a description_n of_o this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o our_o author_n p._n 1._o tit_n 23._o other_o crime_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v set_v down_o d._n tit_n ff_n de_fw-fr extr_n crim_n and_o by_o struvius_n and_o other_o on_o that_o title_n ancient_o all_o crime_n and_o punishment_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o when_o a_o criminal_a be_v condemn_v the_o sentence_n make_v mention_v of_o the_o crime_n be_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o but_o not_o of_o the_o punishment_n the_o law_n suppose_v the_o punishment_n will_v be_v know_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n be_v declare_v l._n si_fw-la praeses_fw-la 32._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la l._n accusatorum_fw-la 1._o §_o 4._o ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n turpil_n but_o as_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v more_o numerous_a than_o can_v be_v foresee_v or_o comprehend_v in_o law_n l._n 10._o &_o 12._o ff_a dell_n be_v almost_o infinite_a as_o every_o one_o know_v even_o so_o punishment_n proper_a to_o these_o matter_n of_o fact_n must_v be_v as_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o the_o lawgiver_n behove_v to_o give_v arbitrary_a power_n to_o to_o the_o judge_n for_o determine_v in_o those_o emergency_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o to_o heighten_v or_o diminish_v the_o punishment_n as_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n require_v and_o this_o be_v call_v arbitrary_a punishment_n all_o these_o to_o wit_n the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a custom_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o punishment_n be_v brief_o hold_v forth_o by_o ulpian_n in_o l_o 13._o ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la hodie_fw-la say_v he_o imply_v a_o former_a custom_n and_o a_o change_n licere_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la cognoscit_fw-la quam_fw-la vult_fw-la sententiam_fw-la far_o vel_fw-la graviorem_fw-la vel_fw-la leviorem_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o utroque_fw-la moderationem_fw-la non_fw-la excedat_fw-la and_o because_o the_o judge_n in_o so_o do_v supply_v defect_n in_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o do_v it_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n he_o be_v therefore_o call_v legis_fw-la auxilium_fw-la eguin_n baro_n de_fw-fr divid_fw-la et_fw-la individ_fw-la cap._n 4._o n._n 4._o from_o what_o we_o have_v say_v its_o evident_a how_o just_o punishment_n in_o general_n as_o it_o include_v ordinary_a and_o extraordinary_a or_o arbitrary_a be_v define_v by_o a_o anonymous_a german_a in_o his_o book_n entitle_v jus_fw-la pandectarum_fw-la illustratum_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la to_o be_v a_o just_a coercition_n or_o restrain_v of_o certain_a delict_n or_o crime_n according_a to_o their_o measure_n and_o merit_n impose_v by_o authority_n of_o law_n or_o its_o competent_a judge_n upon_o guilty_a person_n condemn_v by_o a_o previous_a sentence_n to_o be_v inflict_v after_o the_o time_n allow_v by_o the_o sentence_n be_v elapse_v and_o that_o for_o the_o utility_n of_o government_n and_o common_a tranquillity_n of_o the_o people_n now_o ordinary_a punishment_n be_v nothing_o but_o that_o species_n which_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n have_v force_n of_o law_n impose_v and_o hence_o be_v call_v legal_a arbitrary_a be_v that_o which_o be_v impose_v by_o no_o law_n statute_n or_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o judge_n according_a to_o his_o arbitrament_n and_o be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o less_o according_a to_o circumstance_n beckman_n medul_a justin._n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la thes_n 6._o 7._o 8._o and_o this_o be_v what_o justinian_n say_v dict_z §_o 7._o inst_z de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr in_o these_o word_n secundum_fw-la gradum_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la vitaeque_fw-la honestatem_fw-la crescit_fw-la aut_fw-la minuitur_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la injuriae_fw-la and_o conform_v to_o this_o skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o crime_n and_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n tit_n 1._o cap._n 2._o say_v crime_n be_v punish_v by_o a_o lawful_a pain_n special_o set_v down_o and_o prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n or_o the_o pain_n thereof_o be_v arbitrary_a lawful_a pain_n be_v capital_a or_o pecunial_a or_o neither_o capital_a nor_o pecunial_n but_o of_o another_o kind_n and_o sort_n arbitrary_a crime_n be_v which_o have_v no_o certain_a prescribe_v pain_n but_o be_v punish_v by_o the_o king_n will_v &_o mercy_n where_o observe_v skeen_n set_v down_o the_o word_n mercy_n for_o the_o word_n pleasure_n or_o arbitrament_n to_o hold_v forth_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o judge_n shall_v in_o arbitrary_a crime_n incline_v rather_o to_o mercy_n than_o rigour_n if_o the_o cause_n will_v allow_v it_o for_o further_o clear_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o arbitrary_a power_n the_o gloss_n in_o l._n fidei_fw-la commissa_fw-la 11_o §_o quamquam_fw-la 7._o ad_fw-la verb._n arbitrium_fw-la de_fw-fr legate_n 3._o and_o menochius_fw-la following_z it_o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr arbitrar_n qu._n 6_o n._n 1._o distinguish_v arbitrium_fw-la in_fw-la plenum_fw-la &_o regulatum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v absolute_a and_o limit_v plenum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la full_a or_o absolute_a power_n be_v that_o whereby_o one_o act_n according_a to_o his_o appetite_n and_o as_o he_o please_v a_o judge_n exercise_v such_o a_o power_n be_v call_v bellua_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr judex_n a_o furious_a beast_n and_o not_o a_o judge_n menoch_n proaem_n dict_z lib._n n._n 5._o regulatum_fw-la be_v that_o whereby_o one_o act_n according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o equity_n and_o with_o due_a moderation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o power_n wherey_o a_o judge_n cognosces_fw-la arbitrariè_fw-la and_o ulpian_n both_o express_v the_o power_n and_o its_o limitation_n in_o dict_z l._n 13._o to_o wit_n the_o power_n in_o these_o word_n qui_fw-fr extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la de_fw-la crimine_fw-la cognoscit_fw-la quam_fw-la vult_fw-la sententiam_fw-la far_o graviorem_fw-la vel_fw-la leviorem_fw-la and_o its_o limitation_n in_o these_o word_n ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o utroque_fw-la moderationem_fw-la non_fw-la excedat_fw-la any_o man_n may_v use_v absolute_a power_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o his_o good_n &_o after_o what_o manner_n he_o please_v that_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o dominion_n which_o carry_v with_o it_o jus_o utendi_fw-la vel_fw-la abutendi_fw-la except_o there_o be_v a_o restraint_n put_v on_o he_o for_o public_a good_n also_o if_o a_o legacy_n be_v leave_v to_o be_v dispose_v of_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o with_o condition_n si_fw-mi volueris_fw-la he_o may_v deliver_v or_o withhold_v it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o when_o the_o legacy_n be_v confer_v in_o arbitrium_fw-la haeredis_fw-la or_o in_o word_n import_v arbitrium_fw-la this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n in_o dict_z §_o 7._o quanquam_fw-la autem_fw-la inquit_fw-la fidei_fw-la commissum_fw-la non_fw-la debetur_fw-la si_fw-la volueris_fw-la tamen_fw-la si_fw-la ita_fw-la scriptum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la si_fw-la fueris_fw-la arbitratus_fw-la si_fw-la putaveris_fw-la si_fw-la utile_fw-la tibi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la visum_fw-la vel_fw-la videbitur_fw-la debebitur_fw-la non_fw-la enim_fw-la plenum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la haeredi_fw-la dedit_fw-la