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book_n	call_v	king_n	year_n	3,080	5	4.8170	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45696	The history of the union of the four famous kingdoms of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland wherein is demonstrated that by the prowess and prudence of the English, those four distinct and discordant nations have upon several conquests been entirely united and devolved into one commonwealth, and that by the candor of clemency and deduction of colonies, alteration of laws, and communication of language, according to the Roman rule, they have been maintained & preserved in peace and union / by a Lover of truth and his country.	M. H.	1659 (1659)	Wing H91B; ESTC R40537	48,954	164

Rome or the Emperors For though some of the later Writers have called all the Nations contained within the Precincts of the Roman Empire as Grotius alledgeth Romania Grotius l. 2. fo 21. Selden ib. and Gildas saith of Britanny non Britanuia sed Romania censebatur yet no such transmutation of names was ever decreed or indicted by the Senate of Rome or Edict of the Emperor Clapmar de arcan imperii For a acute Clapmar saith The Romans did little esteem talia inania simulachra such vain shadows and shews and were not sollicitous of proud names so that they might have the matter it self Of which there is an example in the Poet Virg. Aeneid 12. fo 394. when Juno had left nothing untried whereby she might impede the Trojans from invading Italy which finding her self unable to effect it at the last defired Jupiter that forasmuch as the Trojans should possess and enjoy Italy yet they should not change the name but the Latins should retain their ancient name Ne velis indigenas nomen mutare Latinos Neu Troas fieri jubeas Teucrosque vocari Which Jupiter smiling to himself casily condiscended to as a matter of no moment for so the Poet proceedeth Olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor Do quod vis me victusque volensque remitto To wind up all in a word By the premises it is perspicuous that not only the Britans but all other Nations which by conquest were forced to serve under the Roman yoke were by clemency and arms imposition of laws and transmutation of Language reduced into one moral and civil body and were as it were one countrey and one Commonwealth insomuch as by Modestinus it is called communit patria and by Claudian Gens una Hujus pacificis debemus moribus omues Quod cuncti gens una sumus But now to compare Rome with Britain if it be comely to compare great things with lesse which as the Prince of the Roman Poets Tantum inter alias caput extulit urbes Virg. Egl. 1 Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi So as though for largeness and extent it being as hath been said Caput totius orbis it is incomparable yet in regard of the quality and condition of the abovesaid union it may admit some comparison for the conquerours in our Orbe Britanno did follow the tract and steps of the Roman conquerours whereby at the length upon their conquests they happily arrived at the like settlement of the union between the four discordant Kingdomes of England Wales Scotland and Ireland To begin with William the Conquerour who though he made an absolute and entire conquest of England and might have had all the Lands which he would have actually seized yet like a Roman clement conquerour he took ●● mans estate from him Baker's History of England neither dispossessed them of any of their goods but from those whose demerit made them unworthy to hold them and would not adhere unto him● and the vacancy of Offices and filling up the places of those who were slain or fled was the present mean he made for preferring his followers and as William of Malmsbur saith in subjects leniter in rebe●● turbide agens foeliciter omit Angl●● potiebatur by intreating his subjects gently and the rebels rigorously he happily enjoyed all England For as in the body of a living creature mature doth convert food and nutriment into good blood and by degrees assimilates it to the body Sir Fran. Bacon So in union of countri●● by conquest the conquerour ought to expel any part of the state conquered which he findeth so contrary as he cannot convert and assimilate it to the civil body of that state which was the current course of William the conquerour And though some Historians and Chroniclers of those times seem to vary from this assertion as Mathew of Westminster that after William the conquerour had subdued the Enlish terras Anglorum possessiones apsis expulsis successivis manu distribuit suis commilitonibus they being by degrees expelled he with his hand did distribute all the Lands and possessions of the English to his commilitions or fellow souldiers which Eodin and Ramatus Choppinus also though they had it at the second hand relate it for truth yet the contrary is manifested by his Act to one Warren a Norman of principle quality to whom he had granted the Castle of Sherborn in Norsolk But the heir of Sherborn the antient inheritour of that Castle shewing to William the conquerour that he was his subject and leigeman and did inherit the Castle by the same Law that the conquerour had allowed and established in England did therefore pray that he might hold the said Castle in peace Davys Report fo 41. the conquerour in this case did give judgment for Sherborn against Warren of which judgment Cambden maketh mention Davys ib. in the discription of Norfolk Justice Calthropp said that he had seen an antient copy of that judgment in the library of Sir Christopher Heydon at Barconsthorp in Norfolk and as Sir John Da●● reporteth the contrary appeared by the book of Doomesday which in this point is of more credit then all the disconrses and chroniclers in the world wherein is contained an exact discription of all the Realm made in the time of the said King as Henry of Huntington setteth forth per Angliam ita totus regnabat quol ibi non una hida inerat de qua nu sciret cujus esset He so totally ruled over all England that there was not one hide of Land in it of which the knew not whose it was By which record it is declared that he did not take all the lands of the English into his hands and confer them on his fellows for in it is expresse● what Lands the conquerour ha● in demesne to wit the Lands which were of St. Edward and are entituled Terrae Edwardi Regis and others which himself had seised upon the conquest and were entituled Terrae Regis without saying any more as is noted 49. Ed. 3.23 a And those Lands are now called the antient demesne Lands of the King or of the Crown of England and in this book the possessions of other Lands are put in certain as well as the possessions of the King and those Lands which are under other titles as Terrae Episcopi de Exeter c. And all other Lands which were in others hands and named in that book are frank free 40. Ed. 3.45 Fitz. N. B. 16. O. And also Roman like what he had purchased with his sword he possessed by his sword For as Sir Edward Coke Cok. pref l. 9. t●to ejus Regiminis tempore aut districtus nunquam interquievit gladius aut perpetuo manus institit capulo iterato evaginatura In all the time of his raign his drawn sword never rested or otherwise his hand was alwaies on his hilt ready to draw it again and at the first had

no other way to make his victory permanent but by his valour But after the Norman conqueror had brought under his yoke and subjection the utmost parts of this Island and by his continual victories tamed the minds of his formidable enemies he like a Roman victor with all diligence laboured by imposition of Laws to reduce the English and the Normans into a peaceable and sociable union and accordingly propounded to himself an exact survey of all the antient Laws as the old Laws of the Saxons which where compounded of the British customs and their own which mention the Danish Law Danellage the Mercian Law Mercemlage and the West Saxon Westsaxonlage All these being considered by William the conquerour comparing them with the Laws ● Norway Ibid. which he most affected as Mr. Selden supposeth because by them a Bastard of a Concubine ●● himself was had equal inheritance with the most legitimate son as Ger●●se of Tilbury● in this dialogue de Seaccario saith Quasdam reprobarit quasdam autem approbans illis transmarinas Neustriae leges quae ad regni pacem tuendam efficacissimae videbantur addidit some he rejected and some he approving to them he added the forraign Norway Laws which seemed most efficacious for the preserving of the peace of the kingdom And such laws as he in writing allowed though by Roger Hovendon and Iugulphus they were called Leges Edwardi regis yet by Mathew Paris are they properly called Bonae approbatae antiquae regui leges the good and approved antient Laws of the Kingdom by denomination from the greater part And sometimes the Laws and customs of King William For clearly diverse Norman customs were in practise first mixt with them and to these times continue as Mr. Selden asserteth as that of Coverfeu which was constituted to prevent conspiracies combinations and robberies which were then very frequent and commonly contrived and practised in the night And therefore it was ordained that in all townes and villages a bell should be rung at eight of the Clock in the evening and that in every house they should then put out their fire and lights which bell was therfore called Coverfeu and then to go to bed which among many other was one of the laws much conducing to the preservation of peace By which so great a peace was setled in the Kingdom as by Henry of Huntington he is stiled the Author of peace whose words are these Pacis author tantus quod puella auro onusta regnum Angliae transire possit impune He was so great an Author of peace that a Virgin laden with gold might without danger passe through the Kingdome of England And seeing his people to be part Normans Bacon uses of the law fol. 31. and part Saxons the Normans he brought with him the Saxons he found here he bent himself to conjoin them by marriages in amity and for that purpose ordains that if those of his Nobles Knights and Gentlemen should die leaving their Heir within age a Male within one and twenty and a Female within fourteen years and unmarried then the King should have the bestowing of such in such a Family and to such persons as he should think meet which was commonly to his Normans which interest of marriage went still imployed and doth continue at this day in every tenure is called Knights service Then he also commanded all his laws to be written in French and all causes and matters of law to be prosecuted pleaded and dispatched in the French language as the Romans did in Latin that the English thereby might be invited to addict their minds to the knowledge of that Language That whereas they were made by Laws as it were one people so by this constitution they might be brought to be of one Language In this manner through the prowess and prudence of the Norman Conquerour were the English and the Normans so entirely united that they seemed one Nation and one people without any difference or distinction of respect and honour as Dido promised the Trojans Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur Which may more effectually be applied to him for he and his Progeny reigned over them so united for the space of five hundred years The next bordering Principality to England is Wales and therefore first in order by the English to be conquered according to the Roman Example as indeed it was A stout and hardy Nation Bellicosissima gens as Cambden and indeed the reliques of the auntient Britans who because they would not subject themselues to the Tyranny of the Saxous as the other English did were forced by their armes to retreat into the Western Region of that Island for refuge surrounded with the muniments of nature as mountaines and armes of the Sea which antiently was called Cambria as the people at this present Cambro-Britauni In so much as the Saxons were unable by their force to make way unto them and to overcome them And though by some of the Saxon Kings a ditch of a wonderfull work was framed which was called King Offa his ditch by which they divided that Country from England and called them Walshmen that is to say unto them strangers yet did they continually with fire and sword spoile and depopulate their fieldes and Cities And when the Heptarchy of the Saxons was devolved into a Monarchy could they onely by Athelstane that victorious King be made tributary nay William the Conqueror the terror of his time Cujus nomen as William of Westminster exterae remotae gentes timebant whose ruine and downfall the Welch also conspired And therfore as the said William saith though he raised a Copious army against the Welch with an intention to subject them to his sword as he had done the English yet did he me●● with such martiall resistance that he was content to accept of their homage with faithfull hostages to pay him tribute though after upon their restless commotions he placed divers of his Norman Nobility upon the confines towards Wales and gave a power unto the persons thus placed to make such conquests on the Welch as they by their own strength could accomplish whereby divers of those parts were won by the Sword from the Welchmen which were planted with English Colonies and called Barons Marches Which though his Son William Rufus seconded yet was it a great glory for him only to conquer the Shire of Pembroke which was a very ancient Shire of Wales so as this parcel of this Island called Wales was no parcel of the Dominion of the Realm of England but was distinguished from the same and was as it were a Realm of it self not governed by the laws of England Ployd Com. 192. as the Books of the laws of this Realm do testifie yet nevertheless afterwards was the same Dominion of Wales holden in chief and in Fee of the Crown of England and the Prince thereof being then of their own Nation was compellable upon Summons to appeare in

auimos fraenat quae fortibus aequat Imbelles populisque duces By whose immature obit the final and entire conquest of Scotland was prevented which in all probability might have prosperously succeeded if the envious destinies h●● not stopped the success of his victories or his succeeding son had be● a trusty Executor of his Fathers T● stament but he resembled his Father in vertue no more then Dimitian did Vespasian or Commode● A●toninus and one day of his Fathers as Tully said of Antony wa● more to be desired then an whole Age of his For he degenerating from his fathers worth lost all by sloth and luxury which his father had won by valour and industry permitting the new Scotch King to take all the Garrisons and Castles in Scotland and without resistance to enter the English borders and to take and burn Towns that unless he would suffer him to pull his crown from his head he could doe no less then give him battel and in a manner forced him for his honour to levy an Army who like himself raised one more fit for a court then a camp which though it in number exceeded the Scottish Army was by it hamefully defeated the particulars and event of which would I could bury in oblivion so much doth it ecclipse the ancient glory of our Nation Which singular victorie so encouraged the Scots that for the space of three hundred years they were emboldned almost without any intermission to make War with the English to their little losse and prejudice and could never be throughly quieted and appeased until the happy arrival of James the King of Scots to the crown of England upon which ensued a blessed peace and union between those two discordant and belligerant Nations an hopeful union of both Kingdoms under one natural Liege Sovereign Bacon discourse of that union at which the Scottish Nation at the instant of his Majesties reign became Denisons and the ●ostuati were naturalized Subjects of England from the time forward and besides it was a conjunction of Allegiance and Obedience of the Subjects of both Kingdoms due by nature to their Sovereign which in substance is but the uniting of the hearts of the Subjects of both Kingdoms one to the other under one Head and Sovereign Cok. L. 7. Calvins case f. 15. from which proceeded the union of protection of both Kingdoms equally belonging to the Subjects of either of them Yet was not this Union so absolute but that there were many separations and distinctions between them as that they were distinct Kingdoms governed by several judicial and municipal laws and had distinct and separated Parliaments for which reason the said King with all the forces and faculties of his mind wherein he surmounted his Predecessors endeavoured more entirely to cement and conjoin them especially by laws which are the sinews of Societies For as Sir Francis Bacon naturalization doth not take away the mark of a Forreiner but union of laws makes us entire as our selves which taketh away both destruction and separation and to that end called a Parliament without which it could not legally be brought to pass For as Sir Edw. Coke Cok. lib. 7. Calvins case f. 17. a King that hath a Kingdom by descent seeing by the Laws of that Kingdom he doth not inherit that Kingdome he cannot change those laws of himself without consent of Parliament which though solenmly propounded and ardently pursued by his Majesty in Parliament as also vigorously and judiciously seconded by many of the ablest members of the house of Commons yet were the subjects of this kingdome in this point so refractory and adverse to the subjects of the other Kingdome that no union during that Kings raign at any time in any Parliament though often times moved could be voted ordained and established Augustis tamen excidit ausis And therefore this union lasted not long for that it was not setled and pertected according to the aforesaid principles and rules neither had it so long lasted but that that provident and circumspect King did conserve those two Emulous Nations in peace and unity more by his magnificency and humanity especially towards the subjects of the other Kingdome then by the politick precepts of union by whose debonarity and bounty the Scottish mens minds were so closely bound and knit unto him that as well in Scotlend whilst the King was absent no distast or discontent did break out among them as also they forsook their stable confederacy with the French which for many ages was the Source and Origin of implacable and bloody battels between the English and Scots they being thereunto incited and ass●●ed by the French whereas whilst the King reigned the Scots had little Correspondence with the French and in civil comport seemed to exceed the English being ready with them chearfully to conjo●n their forces against the affronts of any enemy whether Spaniard or French In this peaceable posture and union did King James leave the Scots when he left this light But his Sonne succeeding wanted his Fathers Kings craft and became too rigid towards the Scots and though he knew them addicted to the reformed Religion and the Geneva discipline yet would he obtrude upon them a book of common prayer framed by the Arch-bishops and Bishops wherein was contayned several seeds of idolatry superstition false Doctrine as they averred also a Canon annexed thereunto that whosoever should oppose the same should incurr the pain of excomunication with di●ers other canons fraught with errors and superstitions which wonderously inflamed the Scots and exasperated them to raise seditions and to rebel against their King for as Danaeus propter mutatam a Principe vel publice vel privatim religionem patriam ob peregrinam susceptam populus saepe a principe desciscit For the changing of the Religion of ones Countrey publiquely or privatly by the Prince and imposing a strange one the people doe often rebel against their Prince as here it hapned which they managed with such violence and confidence that a royall and terrible army of the English could not fright or dismay them but cunningly by degrees drew the English into their faction who unanimously conjoyning did eradicate the Hierarchy of Arch-bishops Bishops their jurisdiction book of common prayer and canons and the like trumpery in both Kingdomes and for many years adhered to the Parliament and maintained a defensive War against those evil counsellors as seduced and withdrew his Majesty from his Parliament But in the end the Scots fell into variance with the Parliament for many particular propositions concerning the interest and power of the King and chiefly for going about to diminish the just power and greatness of his Majesty which they by their covenant as was by them pretended their allegiance and duty as subjects were obliged to support and thereupon in a grievous discontent without taking their leaves left England and quite deserted the Parliament But not long after the fatal doom and