who_o have_v thin_a head_n of_o hair_n as_o sueton_n report_v of_o nero_n 12._o nero_n cap._n 12._o as_o also_o by_o the_o wrestler_n to_o keep_v their_o own_o hair_n from_o receive_v any_o damage_n by_o the_o nasty_a oil_n with_o which_o they_o be_v rub_v all_o over_o before_o they_o exercise_v this_o we_o learn_v from_o martial_n distich_n on_o the_o galericulum_fw-la ne_fw-fr lutet_fw-la immundum_fw-la nitidos_fw-la ceroma_fw-la capillos_fw-la hâc_fw-la poteris_fw-la madidas_fw-la condere_fw-la pelle_fw-la comas_fw-la the_o pileus_n be_v the_o ordinary_a cap_n or_o hat_n wear_v at_o public_a show_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o by_o the_o freedman_n for_o a_o journey_n they_o have_v the_o petasus_n differ_v only_o from_o the_o former_a in_o that_o it_o have_v broad_a brim_n and_o bear_v a_o near_a resemblance_n to_o our_o hat_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o common_a picture_n of_o mercury_n and_o hence_o it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o open_v or_o spread_v 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be_v the_o perones_fw-la the_o calcei_fw-la lunati_fw-la the_o mullei_fw-mi the_o soleae_fw-la and_o crepidae_fw-la and_o the_o caligae_fw-la beside_o the_o cothurnus_fw-la and_o soccus_fw-la which_o have_v be_v already_o describe_v the_o perones_fw-la be_v a_o kind_n of_o high-shooe_n rude_o form_v of_o raw_a hide_n and_o reach_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o leg._n they_o be_v not_o only_o use_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n as_o some_o imagine_v but_o in_o the_o city_n too_o by_o man_n of_o ordinary_a rank_n nay_o rubenius_n averr_v that_o in_o the_o elder_a time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o senator_n as_o well_o as_o other_o go_v in_o the_o pero_n 1._o pero_n de_fw-fr laticlav_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o however_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v a_o little_a polish_a they_o leave_v this_o clumsy_a wear_n to_o the_o ploughman_n and_o labourer_n and_o we_o scarce_o find_v they_o apply_v to_o any_o one_o else_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o flourish_a age_n thus_o persius_n 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primaque_fw-la patritiâ_fw-la clausit_fw-la vestigia_fw-la lunâ_fw-la as_o for_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v not_o patritian_n they_o do_v not_o indeed_o wear_v the_o half-moon_n but_o that_o ornament_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o the_o senatorian_n and_o the_o common_a shoe_n for_o the_o former_a be_v common_o represent_v as_o black_a and_o come_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o leg_n as_o in_o horace_n book_n 1._o sat._n 6._o nigris_fw-la medium_n impediit_fw-la crus_fw-la pellibus_fw-la rubenius_n will_v have_v this_o understand_v only_o of_o the_o four_o black_a strap_n which_o he_o say_v fasten_v the_o senator_n shoe_n be_v tie_v pretty_a high_a on_o the_o leg_n 3._o leg_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi vest_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o dacier_n tell_v we_o the_o senator_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o shoe_n one_o for_o summer_n and_o the_o other_o for_o winter_n the_o summer_n shoe_n he_o describe_v with_o such_o leathern_a strap_n cross_v one_o another_o many_o time_n about_o the_o leg_n and_o nothing_o but_o a_o sole_a at_o the_o bottom_n these_o he_o call_v campagi_n though_o rubenius_n attribute_n this_o name_n to_o a_o sort_n of_o caligae_fw-la wear_v by_o the_o senator_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n 5._o emperor_n ibid._n cap_n 5._o the_o winter-shooe_n he_o say_v be_v make_v of_o a_o entire_a black_a skin_n or_o sometime_o of_o a_o white_a one_o reach_v up_o to_o cover_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o leg_n without_o any_o open_a place_n except_o on_o the_o top_n 6._o top_n dacier_n on_o horace_n book_n 1._o sat._n 6._o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o calcei_fw-la mullei_fw-mi be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o mullet_n or_o whether_o they_o lend_v a_o name_n to_o that_o fish_n from_o their_o red_a dye_n they_o be_v at_o first_o the_o peculiar_a where_fw-mi of_o the_o alban_n king_n afterward_o of_o the_o king_n of_o rome_n and_o upon_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o free_a state_n be_v appropriate_v to_o those_o person_n who_o have_v bear_v any_o
own_o mistress_n rhea_n 233._o rhea_n ovid._n fast_o 3._o v._n 233._o on_o the_o same_o day_n begin_v the_o solemn_a feast_n of_o the_o salii_fw-la and_o their_o procession_n with_o the_o ancylia_n which_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o before_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n be_v the_o feast_n of_o anna_n perenna_n in_o honour_n either_o of_o the_o sister_n of_o dido_n who_o flee_v into_o italy_n to_o aeneas_n or_o of_o one_o anna_n a_o old_a gentlewoman_n that_o in_o a_o great_a dearth_n at_o rome_n for_o some_o time_n furnish_v the_o common_a people_n with_o corn_n out_o of_o her_o own_o store_n the_o celebration_n of_o this_o day_n consist_v in_o drink_v and_o feast_v large_o among_o friend_n the_o common_a people_n meet_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o tiber_n and_o build_v themselves_o booth_n and_o arbour_n keep_v the_o day_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o sport_n and_o jollity_n wish_v one_o another_o to_o live_v as_o many_o year_n as_o they_o drink_v cup_n etc._n cup_n ibid._n v._o 5â—3_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o senate_n order_v to_o be_v call_v parricidium_fw-la from_o the_o murder_n of_o julius_n caesar_n which_o happen_v on_o it_o 88_o it_o suâ—ton_n in_o jul._n cap._n 88_o appian_n in_o his_o second_o book_n tell_v we_o of_o a_o very_a different_a law_n that_o dolabella_n the_o consul_n will_v have_v prefer_v upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o day_n call_v ever_o after_o natalis_n vrbis_fw-la the_o birthday_n of_o the_o city_n as_o if_o their_o liberty_n have_v revive_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o caesar_n march_v the_o 19_o or_o the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o april_n begin_v the_o quinquatrus_n or_o quinquatria_n the_o feast_n of_o minerva_n continue_v five_o day_n it_o be_v during_o this_o solemnity_n that_o the_o boy_n and_o girl_n use_v to_o pray_v to_o the_o goddess_n for_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n of_o which_o she_o have_v the_o patronage_n to_o which_o custom_n juvevenal_n allude_v eloquium_fw-la &_o famam_fw-la demosthenes_n aut_fw-la ciceronis_fw-la incipit_fw-la optare_fw-la &_o totis_fw-la quinquatribus_fw-la optat_fw-la 10._o optat_fw-la sat._n 10._o to_o rival_n tully_n or_o demosthenes_n begin_v to_o wish_v in_o the_o quinquatrian_a day_n and_o wish_v all_o the_o feast_n april_n the_o 19_o or_o the_o 13_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o cerealia_n or_o feast_n of_o ceres_n in_o which_o solemnity_n the_o chief_a actor_n be_v the_o woman_n no_o person_n that_o mourn_v be_v allow_v to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o this_o service_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o upon_o the_o defeat_n at_o cannae_n there_o be_v such_o a_o universal_a grief_n in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o anniversary_n feast_n of_o ceres_n be_v force_v to_o be_v omit_v 22._o omit_v livy_n lib._n 22._o april_n the_o 21_o or_o the_o 11_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o palilia_n or_o feast_n of_o pale_n goddess_n of_o shepherd_n this_o be_v sometime_o call_v parilia_n à _fw-la pariendo_fw-la because_o prayer_n be_v now_o make_v for_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o sheep_n ovid_n tell_v we_o a_o very_a tedious_a course_n of_o superstition_n that_o the_o shepherd_n run_v through_o upon_o this_o day_n they_o always_o contrive_v to_o have_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o night_n and_o when_o most_o of_o they_o be_v pretty_a merry_a they_o conclude_v all_o with_o dance_v over_o the_o fire_n that_o they_o make_v in_o the_o field_n with_o heap_n of_o stubble_n etc._n stubble_n ovid._n fast_o 4._o v._n 721_o etc._n etc._n the_o same_o day_n be_v call_v vrbis_fw-la natalis_fw-la be_v the_o day_n on_o which_o the_o city_n be_v build_v 806._o build_v ibid._n v._o 806._o april_n the_o 25_o or_o the_o seven_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o robigalia_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o goddess_n robigo_n or_o the_o god_n robigus_n who_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o mildew_n and_o blast_v from_o the_o corn_n and_o fruit_n 901._o fruit_n ibid._n v._o 901._o april_n 29_o or_o the_o 5_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o may_n be_v the_o floralia_fw-la or_o feast_n of_o flora_n goddess_n of_o flower_n 943._o flower_n ibid._n v._o 943._o when_o the_o public_a sport_n be_v celebrate_v that_o will_v be_v hereafter_o describe_v in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n we_o meet_v with_o no_o festival_n of_o extraordinary_a note_n except_z the_o poplifugium_fw-la and_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la the_o original_a of_o the_o famous_a nonae_fw-la caprotinae_fw-la or_o poplifugium_fw-la be_v double_o relate_v by_o plutarch_n according_a to_o the_o two_o common_a opinion_n first_o because_o romulus_n disappear_v on_o that_o day_n when_o a_o assembly_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o palus_n capri_n or_o goatsmarch_n on_o a_o sudden_a happen_v a_o most_o wonderful_a tempest_n accompany_v with_o terrible_a thunder_n and_o other_o unusual_a disorder_n in_o the_o air._n the_o common_a people_n flee_v all_o away_o to_o secure_v themselves_o but_o after_o the_o tempest_n be_v over_o can_v never_o find_v their_o king_n romulus_n king_n plutarch_n in_o romulus_n or_o else_o from_o caprificus_fw-la a_o wild_a figtree_n because_o in_o the_o gallic_n war_n a_o roman_a virgin_n who_o be_v prisoner_n in_o the_o enemy_n camp_n take_v the_o opportunity_n when_o she_o see_v they_o one_o night_n in_o a_o disorder_n get_v up_o into_o a_o wild_a figtree_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o light_a torch_n towards_o the_o city_n give_v the_o roman_n a_o signal_n to_o fall_v on_o which_o they_o do_v with_o such_o good_a success_n as_o to_o gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n camill._n victory_n plutarch_n in_o romul_n &_o in_o camill._n the_o original_a of_o the_o saturnalia_fw-la as_o to_o the_o time_n be_v unknown_a macrobius_n assure_v we_o that_o it_o be_v celebrate_v in_o italy_n long_o before_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 7._o rome_n macrob._n saturn_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o the_o story_n of_o saturn_n in_o who_o honour_n it_o be_v keep_v every_o body_n be_v acquaint_v with_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n beside_o the_o sacrifice_n and_o other_o part_n of_o public_a worship_n there_o be_v several_a lesser_a observation_n worth_a our_o notice_n as_o the_o liberty_n now_o allow_v to_o servant_n to_o be_v free_a and_o merry_a with_o their_o master_n so_o often_o allude_v to_o in_o author_n it_o be_v probable_a this_o be_v do_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o liberty_n enjoy_v in_o the_o golden_a age_n under_o saturn_n before_o the_o name_n of_o servant_n or_o master_n be_v know_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o this_o they_o send_v present_n to_o one_o another_o among_o friend_n no_o war_n be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v and_o no_o offender_n execute_v the_o school_n keep_v a_o vacation_n and_o nothing_o but_o mirth_n and_o freedom_n be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o city_n they_o keep_v at_o first_o only_o one_o day_n the_o 14_o of_o the_o kalend_n of_o january_n but_o the_o number_n be_v afterward_o increase_v to_o three_o four_o five_o and_o some_o say_v seven_o day_n 3._o day_n lipsiuâ—_n saturnal_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o part_n ii_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o general_a division_n of_o the_o people_n romulus_n as_o soon_o as_o his_o city_n be_v tolerable_o well_o fill_v with_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o distinction_n of_o the_o people_n according_a to_o honour_n and_o quality_n give_v the_o better_a sort_n the_o name_n of_o patres_fw-la or_o patricii_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n the_o common_a title_n of_o plebeti_n to_o bind_v the_o two_o degree_n more_o firm_o together_o he_o recommend_v to_o the_o patrician_n some_o of_o the_o plebeian_n to_o protect_v and_o countenance_n the_o former_a be_v style_v patroni_fw-la and_o the_o other_o clientes_fw-la the_o patron_n be_v always_o their_o client_n counsellor_n in_o litigious_a case_n their_o advocate_n in_o judgement_n in_o short_a their_o adviser_n and_o overseer_n in_o all_o affair_n whatever_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o client_n faithful_o serve_v their_o patron_n not_o only_o pay_v they_o all_o imaginable_a respect_n and_o deference_n but_o if_o occasion_n require_v assist_v they_o with_o money_n towards_o the_o defray_n of_o any_o extraordinary_a charge_n but_o afterward_o when_o the_o state_n grow_v rich_a and_o great_a though_o all_o other_o good_a office_n continue_v between_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v think_v a_o dishonourable_a thing_n for_o the_o better_a sort_n to_o take_v any_o money_n of_o their_o inferior_n romulo_n inferior_n vide_fw-la diony_n lib._n 2._o liv._o lib._n 1._o plutarch_n in_o romulo_n the_o division_n of_o the_o people_n into_o the_o three_o distinct_a order_n of_o senator_n knight_n and_o commons_o take_v its_o rise_n about_o the_o time_n of_o tarquin_n expulsion_n the_o senator_n be_v such_o person_n as_o have_v be_v promote_v to_o sit_v in_o the_o supreme_a council_n of_o state_n either_o
manager_n of_o the_o discourse_n in_o tully_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la be_v represent_v as_o very_a opposiâ—â—_n in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a improvement_n of_o a_o accomplish_a orator_n the_o former_a deny_v any_o person_n the_o honour_n of_o this_o name_n who_o do_v not_o possess_v in_o some_o degree_n all_o the_o quality_n both_o native_a and_o acquire_v that_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o general_a scholar_n the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o a_o orator_n ought_v to_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v himself_o copious_o on_o all_o manner_n of_o subject_n and_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o one_o can_v answer_v this_o character_n without_o some_o excellency_n in_o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o happy_a endowment_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v these_o acquisition_n set_v so_o loose_a about_o he_o as_o to_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o bottom_n on_o every_o occasion_n but_o that_o as_o a_o great_a man_n express_v it_o they_o shall_v rather_o be_v enamel_a in_o his_o mind_n than_o emboss_v upon_o it_o that_o as_o the_o critic_n in_o gate_n and_o gesture_n will_v easy_o discover_v by_o the_o comportment_n of_o a_o man_n body_n whether_o he_o have_v learn_v to_o dance_n though_o he_o do_v not_o practice_v his_o art_n in_o his_o ordinary_a motion_n so_o a_o orator_n when_o he_o deliver_v himself_o on_o any_o subject_a will_v easy_o make_v it_o appear_v whether_o he_o have_v a_o full_a understanding_n of_o the_o particular_a art_n or_o faculty_n on_o which_o the_o cause_n depend_v though_o he_o do_v not_o discourse_n of_o it_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o philosopher_n or_o a_o mechanic_n antonius_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n reflect_v on_o the_o shortness_n of_o humane_a life_n and_o how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o it_o be_v common_o take_v up_o in_o the_o attainment_n of_o but_o a_o few_o part_n of_o knowledge_n be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o oratory_n do_v not_o require_v the_o necessary_a attendance_n of_o its_o sister_n arts._n but_o that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o prosecute_v a_o theme_n of_o any_o kind_a without_o a_o train_n of_o science_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o learned_a institution_n that_o as_o few_o person_n be_v to_o seek_v in_o the_o cultivate_a of_o their_o land_n or_o the_o contrivance_n and_o elegance_n of_o their_o garden_n though_o they_o never_o read_v cato_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi rusticâ_fw-la or_o mago_n the_o carthaginian_a so_o a_o orator_n may_v harangue_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n on_o a_o subject_a take_v from_o any_o part_n of_o knowledge_n without_o any_o far_a acquaintance_n with_o the_o nice_a speculation_n than_o his_o common_a sense_n and_o understanding_n improve_v by_o experience_n and_o conversation_n shall_v lead_v he_o for_o who_o ever_o say_v he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o move_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o people_n stop_v at_o this_o that_o he_o have_v not_o philosophy_n enough_o to_o dive_v into_o the_o first_o spring_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o to_o discover_v their_o various_a nature_n and_o operation_n beside_o at_o this_o rate_n we_o must_v quite_o lay_v aside_o the_o way_n of_o raise_v pity_n in_o the_o audience_n by_o represent_v the_o misery_n of_o a_o distress_a party_n or_o describe_v perhaps_o the_o slavery_n which_o he_o endure_v when_o philosophy_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o good_a man_n can_v never_o be_v miserable_a and_o that_o virtue_n be_v be_v always_o absolute_o free_a now_o as_o cicero_n without_o doubt_n sit_v himself_o for_o the_o picture_n which_o in_o crassu_n his_o name_n he_o there_o draw_v of_o a_o orator_n and_o therefore_o strengthen_v his_o argument_n by_o his_o own_o example_n as_o well_o as_o his_o judgement_n so_o antonius_n in_o the_o next_o dialogue_n do_v not_o stick_v to_o own_o that_o his_o former_a assertion_n be_v rather_o take_v up_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o dispute_v and_o of_o encounter_v his_o rival_n than_o to_o deliver_v the_o just_a sentiment_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o therefore_o the_o gentile_a education_n in_o the_o polite_a age_n of_o rome_n be_v whole_o direct_v to_o the_o bar_n it_o seem_v probable_a that_o no_o part_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n be_v omit_v for_o the_o improve_n and_o adorn_v of_o the_o main_a study_n and_o that_o all_o the_o other_o art_n be_v court_v though_o not_o with_o a_o equal_a passion_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a it_o appear_v that_o a_o strange_a assiduity_n and_o unwearied_a application_n be_v the_o very_a life_n and_o soul_n of_o their_o design_n when_o their_o historian_n deseribe_v a_o extraordinary_a man_n this_o always_o enter_v into_o his_o character_n as_o a_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o that_o he_o be_v incredibili_fw-la industriâ_fw-la diligentia_fw-la singulari_fw-la of_o incredible_a industry_n of_o singular_a diligence_n eduâ—_n diligence_n archbishop_n tâ—ias_n seur_fw-fr of_o eduâ—_n and_o caâ—o_o in_o sallust_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o arm_n so_o much_o as_o the_o industry_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o advance_v the_o grandeur_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o the_o founder_n and_o regulator_n of_o this_o state_n in_o make_v diligence_n and_o labour_n necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o citizen_n take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o the_o poet_n will_v have_v jupiter_n to_o have_v think_v on_o when_o he_o succeed_v to_o the_o government_n over_o the_o primitive_a mortal_n pater_fw-la ipse_fw-la colondi_fw-la â—iaud_n sacilem_fw-la esse_fw-la viam_fw-la voluit_fw-la primusque_fw-la per_fw-la artem_fw-la movit_fw-la agros_fw-la curis_fw-la acuens_fw-la mortalia_fw-la corda_fw-la neo_fw-la torpere_fw-la gravi_fw-la passus_fw-la sva_fw-la regna_fw-la veterno_fw-la 1._o veterno_fw-la virg._n georg._n 1._o to_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o extreme_a industry_n and_o perpetual_a study_n and_o labour_n it_o may_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o instance_n in_o the_o three_o common_a exercise_n of_o translate_n declaim_v and_o recite_v translation_n the_o ancient_a orator_n of_o rome_n look_v on_o as_o a_o most_o useful_a though_o a_o most_o laborious_a employment_n all_o person_n that_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o bar_n propose_v common_o some_o one_o orator_n of_o greece_n for_o their_o constant_a pattern_n either_o lysias_n hyperides_n demosthenes_n or_o aeschines_n as_o their_o genius_n be_v incline_v he_o they_o continual_o study_v and_o to_o render_v themselves_o absolute_o master_n of_o his_o excellency_n be_v always_o make_v he_o speak_v their_o own_o tongue_n this_o cicero_n quinctilian_n and_o pliny_n junior_n enjoin_v as_o a_o indispensible_a duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o acquire_v any_o talon_n in_o eloquence_n and_o the_o first_o of_o these_o great_a man_n beside_o his_o many_o version_n of_o the_o orator_n for_o his_o private_a use_n oblige_v the_o public_a with_o the_o translation_n of_o several_a part_n of_o plato_n and_o zenophon_n in_o prose_n and_o homer_n and_o aratas_fw-la in_o verse_n as_o to_o declaim_n this_o be_v not_o only_o the_o main_a thing_n at_o which_o they_o labour_v under_o the_o master_n of_o rhetoric_n but_o what_o they_o practise_v long_o after_o they_o undertake_v real_a cause_n and_o have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a name_n in_o the_o forum_n suetonius_n in_o his_o book_n of_o famous_a rhetorician_n tell_v we_o that_o cicero_n declaim_v in_o greek_a till_o he_o be_v elect_v praetor_n and_o in_o latin_a till_o near_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n that_o pompey_n the_o great_a just_a at_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n resume_v his_o old_a exercise_n of_o declaim_v that_o he_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o be_v able_a to_o deal_v with_o curio_n who_o undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o caesar_n cause_n in_o his_o public_a harangue_n that_o marc_n antony_n and_o augustus_n do_v not_o lay_v aside_o this_o custom_n even_o when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o mutina_n and_o that_o nero_n be_v not_o only_o constant_a at_o his_o declamation_n while_o in_o a_o private_a station_n but_o for_o the_o first_o year_n after_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v worth_a remark_n that_o the_o subject_a of_o these_o old_a declamation_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a fanciful_a thesis_n but_o a_o case_n which_o may_v probable_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o contrary_a practice_n which_o creep_v into_o some_o school_n after_o the_o augustan_n age_n to_o the_o great_a debase_v of_o eloquence_n be_v what_o petronius_n inveigh_v so_o severe_o against_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o satyricon_n in_o a_o strain_n so_o elegant_a that_o it_o will_v lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o grace_n and_o spirit_n in_o any_o translation_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o recitation_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o public_a performance_n of_o the_o poet_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o common_o borrow_a the_o house_n
derive_v their_o name_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hunger_n but_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v but_o a_o trifle_a fancy_n for_o we_o may_v as_o well_o derive_v potitii_n from_o potiri_fw-la because_o they_o enjoy_v the_o entrail_n as_o pinarii_fw-la from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o want_v they_o we_o meet_v with_o something_o very_o remarkable_a of_o the_o potitii_fw-la in_o livy_n g._n livy_n lib._n g._n and_o valerius_n maximus_n 1._o maximus_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 1._o that_o when_o upon_o application_n make_v to_o appius_n claudius_n the_o censor_n they_o get_v leave_v to_o have_v their_o hereditary_a ministry_n discharge_v by_o servant_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a family_n be_v entire_o extinct_a though_o no_o less_o than_o thirty_o of_o they_o be_v lusty_a young_a men._n and_o appius_n claudius_n lose_v his_o eye_n as_o a_o judgement_n for_o his_o part_n in_o the_o offence_n acca_n laurentia_n romulus_n his_o nurse_n have_v a_o custom_n once_o a_o year_n to_o make_v a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n for_o a_o blessing_n upon_o the_o field_n her_o twelve_o son_n assist_v she_o always_o in_o the_o solemnity_n at_o last_o she_o have_v the_o ill_a fortune_n to_o lose_v one_o of_o her_o son_n when_o romulus_n to_o show_v his_o gratitude_n and_o respect_n offer_v himself_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n in_o his_o room_n and_o give_v the_o company_n the_o name_n of_o fratres_n arvales_n this_o order_n be_v in_o great_a repute_n at_o rome_n they_o hold_v the_o dignity_n always_o for_o their_o life_n and_o never_o lose_v it_o upon_o account_n of_o imprisonment_n banishment_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n 2._o accident_n plin._n lib._n 17._o cap._n 2._o they_o wear_v on_o their_o head_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solemnity_n crown_v make_v of_o ear_n of_o corn_n upon_o a_o tradition_n that_o laurentia_n at_o first_o present_v romulus_n with_o such_o a_o one_o saâ—â—delus_n one_o pompon_n laâ—uâ—_n de_fw-fr saâ—â—delus_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o boundary_n and_o the_o division_n of_o land_n and_o to_o decide_v all_o controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v about_o they_o other_o make_v a_o different_a order_n institute_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o call_v sodales_fw-la arvales_fw-la on_o the_o same_o account_n as_o the_o fratres_n arvales_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o augur_n augury_n etc._n etc._n the_o invention_n of_o soothsay_v be_v general_o attribute_v to_o the_o chaldean_n from_o they_o the_o art_n pass_v to_o the_o grecian_n the_o grecian_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o tuscan_n and_o they_o to_o the_o latin_n and_o the_o roman_n the_o name_n of_o the_o augur_n be_v derive_v by_o some_o ab_fw-la avium_fw-la gestu_fw-la by_o other_o ab_fw-la avium_fw-la garritu_fw-la either_o from_o the_o motion_n and_o action_n or_o from_o the_o chirp_n and_o chatter_v of_o bird_n romulus_n be_v himself_o a_o extraordinary_a proficient_a in_o this_o art_n rom._n art_n plutarch_n in_o rom._n and_o therefore_o as_o he_o divide_v his_o city_n into_o three_o tribe_n so_o he_o constitute_v three_o augur_n one_o for_o every_o tribe_n there_o be_v a_o four_o add_v some_o time_n after_o probable_o by_o servius_n tullius_n who_o increase_v the_o tribe_n to_o that_o number_n these_o four_o be_v all_o choose_a out_o of_o the_o patricii_fw-la or_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 454_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n with_o much_o difficulty_n procure_v a_o order_n that_o five_o person_n to_o be_v elect_v out_o of_o the_o commons_o shall_v be_v add_v to_o the_o college_n 10._o college_n livy_n lib._n 10._o afterward_o sylla_n the_o dictator_n a._n v._o c._n 671._o make_v the_o number_n up_o fifteen_o 89._o fifteen_o florus_n epitome_n liv._o lib._n 89._o the_o elder_a of_o these_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o magister_fw-la collegii_fw-la 19_o collegii_fw-la alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 19_o their_o business_n be_v to_o interpret_v dream_n oracle_n prodigy_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o tell_v whether_o any_o action_n shall_v be_v fortunate_a or_o prejudicial_a to_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o to_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n upon_o this_o account_n they_o very_o often_o occasion_v the_o displace_n of_o magistrate_n the_o defer_v of_o public_a assembly_n etc._n etc._n when_o ever_o the_o omen_n prove_v unlucky_a there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o augury_n mention_v in_o author_n 1._o from_o the_o appearance_n in_o heaven_n as_o thunder_n lightning_z comet_n and_o other_o meteor_n as_o suppose_v of_o thunder_n whether_o it_o come_v from_o the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a the_o leave_v in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o observation_n be_v repute_v fortunate_a the_o right_a the_o contrary_a whether_o the_o number_n of_o stroke_n be_v even_o or_o odd_a etc._n etc._n only_o the_o master_n of_o the_o college_n can_v take_v this_o sort_n of_o augury_n 19_o augury_n alex_n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 5._o cap._n 19_o 2._o from_o bird_n whence_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o auspex_n of_o avis_fw-fr and_o conspicio_fw-la some_o bird_n furnish_v they_o with_o observation_n from_o their_o chatter_a or_o sing_v other_o from_o their_o fly_n the_o former_a they_o call_v oscines_fw-la the_o latter_a praepetes_fw-la of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v crow_n pie_n owl_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o other_o eagle_n vulture_n buzzard_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o take_n of_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o augury_n the_o observer_n stand_v upon_o a_o tower_n with_o his_o head_n cover_v in_o a_o gown_n peculiar_a to_o his_o office_n call_v â—â—â—na_fw-la and_o turn_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n mark_v out_o the_o heaven_n into_o four_o templa_fw-la or_o quarter_n with_o his_o lituus_fw-la a_o short_a straight_a rod_n only_o a_o little_a turn_n in_o at_o one_o end_n this_o do_v he_o stay_v wait_v for_o the_o omen_n which_o never_o signify_v any_o thing_n unless_o confirm_v by_o another_o of_o the_o same_o sort_n 3._o from_o chicken_n keep_v in_o a_o coop_n or_o pen_n for_o this_o purpose_n the_o manner_n of_o divine_v from_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o augur_n that_o be_v to_o make_v the_o observation_n call_v from_o hence_o pullarius_n though_o perhaps_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o chicken_n have_v rather_o that_o name_n in_o the_o first_o place_n command_v a_o general_a silence_n order_v the_o pen_n to_o be_v open_v and_o throw_v down_o a_o handful_n of_o crumb_n or_o corn._n if_o the_o chicken_n do_v not_o immediate_o run_v flutter_v to_o the_o meat_n if_o they_o scatter_v it_o with_o their_o wing_n if_o they_o go_v by_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o or_o if_o they_o fly_v away_o the_o omen_n be_v reckon_v unfortunate_a and_o to_o portend_v nothing_o but_o danger_n or_o mischance_n but_o if_o they_o leap_v present_o out_o of_o the_o pen_n and_o fell_a to_o so_o greedy_o as_o to_o let_v some_o of_o their_o meat_n drop_v out_o of_o their_o mouth_n upon_o the_o pavement_n there_o be_v all_o the_o assurance_n in_o the_o world_n of_o happiness_n and_o success_n â—9_n success_n idem_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap_n â—9_n this_o augury_n be_v call_v tripudium_fw-la quasi_fw-la terripavium_a from_o strike_v the_o earth_n the_o old_a word_n pavire_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o ferire_fw-la we_o meet_v with_o tripudium_fw-la sollistimum_fw-la and_o tripudium_fw-la sonivium_n in_o festus_n both_o derive_v from_o the_o crumb_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n 4._o from_o beast_n these_o as_o rofinus_fw-la reckon_v they_o up_o be_v wolf_n fox_n goat_n heifer_n ass_n ram_n hare_n weasel_n and_o mouse_n the_o general_a observation_n about_o they_o be_v whether_o they_o appear_v in_o a_o strange_a place_n or_o cross_v the_o way_n or_o whether_o they_o run_v to_o the_o right_n or_o the_o left_a etc._n etc._n 5._o the_o last_o sort_n of_o divination_n be_v from_o what_o they_o call_v dirce_n or_o unusual_a accident_n to_o any_o person_n or_o place_n as_o sneeze_v stumble_v see_v apparition_n hear_v strange_a voice_n the_o fall_n of_o salt_n upon_o the_o table_n the_o spill_n of_o wine_n upon_o one_o clothes_n the_o meeting_n a_o wolf_n a_o fox_n a_o hare_n a_o bitch_n with_o puppy_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o any_o augur_n may_v take_v a_o observation_n yet_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o omen_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o whole_a college_n 29._o college_n alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 29._o cicero_n have_v sufficient_o expose_v these_o augury_n especial_o that_o about_o the_o chicken_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o divination_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o haruspice_n and_o pontifices_fw-la the_o haruspice_n have_v this_o name_n ab_fw-la aris_fw-la aspiciendis_fw-la from_o look_v upon_o the_o altar_n as_o ab_fw-la extis_fw-la inspiciendis_fw-la they_o be_v call_v extispices_fw-la they_o owe_v
rome_n and_o though_o he_o constitute_v at_o that_o time_n only_o three_o yet_o as_o the_o state_n increase_v in_o power_n and_o the_o city_n in_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n they_o rise_v by_o degree_n to_o five_o and_o thirty_o the_o distinction_n of_o tribus_fw-la vrbanae_fw-la and_o rusticae_fw-la be_v at_o first_o take_v up_o for_o a_o difference_n between_o those_o people_n who_o inhabit_v the_o city_n and_o those_o who_o dwell_v in_o other_o part_n but_o at_o last_o the_o country-tribe_n be_v esteem_v the_o most_o honourable_a engross_v the_o whole_a number_n except_o four_n the_o first_o assembly_n of_o the_o tribe_n we_o meet_v with_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 263._o convene_v by_o sp._n picinius_fw-la tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o trial_n of_o coriolanus_n soon_o after_o the_o tribunes_z of_o the_o commons_o be_v order_v to_o be_v elect_v here_o and_o at_o last_o all_o the_o inferior_a magistrate_n and_o the_o collegiate_n priest_n the_o same_o comitia_fw-la serve_v for_o the_o enact_v of_o law_n relate_v to_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o all_o other_o propose_v by_o the_o tribune_n and_o plebeian_n officer_n though_o they_o have_v not_o proper_o the_o name_n of_o leges_fw-la but_o plebiscita_fw-la they_o be_v general_o convene_v by_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o same_o privilege_n be_v allow_v to_o all_o the_o magistrate_n poet_n magistrate_n hor._n the_o art_n poet_n they_o be_v confine_v to_o no_o place_n and_o therefore_o sometime_o we_o find_v they_o hold_v in_o the_o comitium_fw-la sometime_o in_o the_o campus_n martius_n and_o now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o capitol_n the_o proceed_n be_v in_o most_o respect_n answerable_a to_o those_o already_o describe_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o other_o comitia_fw-la and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v insist_v on_o only_o we_o may_v far_o observe_v of_o the_o comitia_fw-la in_o general_n that_o when_o any_o candidate_n be_v find_v to_o have_v most_o tablet_n for_o a_o magistracy_n he_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v design_v or_o elect_v by_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o this_o they_o term_v renunciari_fw-la consul_n praetor_n or_o the_o like_a and_o that_o the_o last_o sort_n of_o the_o comitia_fw-la only_o can_v be_v hold_v without_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o other_o two_o 9_o two_o diony_n lib._n 9_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n and_o first_o of_o private_a judgement_n a_o judgement_n according_a to_o aristotle_n definition_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o decision_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n the_o whole_a subject_n of_o the_o roman_a judgement_n be_v admirable_o explain_v by_o sigonius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la from_o who_o the_o follow_a account_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n extract_v judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o proper_a judge_n be_v make_v either_o by_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o select_a judge_n or_o by_o the_o whole_a people_n in_o a_o general_n assembly_n judgement_n make_v by_o one_o or_o more_o select_a judge_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o public_a and_o private_a the_o first_o relate_v to_o controversy_n the_o second_o to_o crime_n the_o former_a will_v be_v sufficient_o describe_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o matter_n or_o subject_a of_o these_o judgement_n the_o person_n concern_v in_o they_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v the_o matter_n of_o private_a judgement_n take_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cause_n that_o can_v happen_v between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v so_o vast_o extend_v and_o belong_v more_o immediate_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n need_v not_o here_o be_v insist_v on_o the_o person_n concern_v be_v the_o party_n the_o assistant_n and_o the_o judge_n the_o party_n be_v the_o actor_n and_o reus_n the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n the_o assistant_n be_v the_o procurâtore_v and_o the_o advocati_fw-la of_o who_o though_o they_o be_v often_o confound_v yet_o the_o first_o be_v proper_o such_o lawyer_n as_o assist_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o prove_v or_o the_o defendant_n in_o clear_v himself_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o other_o who_o be_v likewise_o call_v patroni_fw-la be_v to_o defend_v their_o client_n cause_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n 3_o law_n zouch_v element_n jurisprud_n p._n 5._o sect._n 3_o both_o these_o be_v select_v out_o of_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o have_v their_o name_n enter_v in_o the_o matriculation-book_n of_o the_o forum_n this_o be_v one_o condition_n requisite_a to_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o plead_v the_o other_o be_v the_o be_v retain_v by_o one_o party_n or_o the_o receive_n a_o fee_n which_o they_o term_v mandatum_fw-la ibid._n mandatum_fw-la ibid._n the_o judge_n beside_o the_o praetor_n or_o supreme_a magistrate_n who_o preside_v in_o the_o court_n and_o allow_v and_o confirm_v they_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n arbitri_fw-la recuperatores_fw-la and_o centumviri_n litibus_fw-la judicandis_fw-la arbitri_fw-la who_o they_o call_v simple_o judices_fw-la be_v appoint_v to_o determine_v in_o some_o private_a cause_n of_o no_o great_a consequence_n and_o of_o very_o easy_a decision_n recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n about_o receive_v or_o recover_v thing_n which_o have_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o but_o the_o usual_a judge_n in_o private_a cause_n be_v the_o centumviri_n three_o of_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o tribe_n so_o that_o their_o number_n be_v five_o more_o than_o their_o name_n import_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o arbitri_fw-la and_o recuperatores_fw-la be_v assign_v out_o of_o this_o body_n by_o the_o praetor_n the_o manner_n of_o carry_v on_o the_o private_a suit_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n the_o difference_n fail_v to_o be_v make_v up_o between_o friend_n the_o injure_a person_n proceed_v in_o jus_o reum_fw-la vocare_fw-la to_o summon_v or_o cite_v the_o offend_a party_n to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v oblige_v immediate_o to_o go_v with_o he_o or_o else_o to_o give_v bond_n for_o his_o appearance_n according_a to_o the_o common_a maxim_n in_o jus_o vocatus_fw-la aut_fw-la eat_v aut_fw-la satisdet_fw-la both_o party_n be_v meet_v before_o the_o praetor_n or_o other_o supreme_a magistrate_n preside_v in_o the_o court_n the_o plaintiff_n propose_v the_o action_n to_o the_o defendant_n in_o which_o he_o design_v to_o sue_v he_o this_o they_o term_v edere_fw-la actionem_fw-la be_v perform_v common_o by_o write_v it_o in_o a_o tablet_n and_o offer_v it_o to_o the_o defendant_n that_o he_o may_v see_v whether_o he_o have_v best_o compound_v or_o stand_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o next_o place_n come_v the_o postulatio_fw-la actionis_fw-la or_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v leave_n of_o the_o praetor_n to_o prosecute_v the_o defendant_n in_o such_o a_o action_n this_o be_v grant_v the_o plaintiff_n vadabatur_fw-la reum_fw-la oblige_v he_o to_o give_v surety_n for_o his_o appearance_n on_o such_o a_o day_n in_o the_o court_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o be_v do_v in_o public_a before_o the_o prefix_v day_n for_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o difference_n use_v very_o often_o to_o be_v make_v up_o either_o transactionc_n or_o pacto_fw-la by_o let_v the_o cause_n fall_v as_o dubious_a and_o uncertain_a or_o by_o composition_n for_o so_o much_o damage_n to_o be_v ascertain_v by_o a_o equal_a number_n of_o friend_n on_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o hear_n the_o praetor_n order_v the_o several_a bill_n to_o be_v read_v and_o the_o party_n to_o be_v summon_v by_o a_o accensus_fw-la or_o beadle_n upon_o the_o default_n of_o either_o party_n the_o defaulter_n lose_v his_o cause_n the_o appear_v of_o both_o they_o term_v se_fw-la stitisse_fw-la and_o then_o the_o plaintiff_n proceed_v litem_fw-la sive_fw-la actionem_fw-la intendere_fw-la to_o prefer_v the_o suit_n which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o action_n after_o this_o the_o plaintiff_n desire_v judgement_n of_o the_o praetor_n that_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v a_o judex_n or_o arbiter_n or_o else_o the_o recuperatores_fw-la or_o centumviri_n for_o the_o hear_n and_o decide_v the_o business_n but_o none_o of_o these_o can_v be_v desire_v unless_o both_o party_n agree_v the_o praetor_n when_o he_o assign_v they_o their_o judge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n define_v the_o number_n of_o witness_n to_o hinder_v the_o protract_n of_o the_o suit_n and_o then_o the_o party_n proceed_v to_o give_v caution_n that_o the_o judgement_n whatever_o it_o be_v shall_v stand_v and_o be_v perform_v on_o both_o side_n the_o judge_n always_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o be_v impartial_a and_o the_o party_n swear_v they_o do_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o a_o design_n to_o abuse_v one_o another_o this_o they_o call_v juramentum_fw-la calumniae_fw-la then_o begin_v the_o disceptatio_fw-la
or_o knight_n upon_o which_o account_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o laticlavii_fw-la and_o the_o angusticlavii_n the_o latus_fw-la clavus_fw-la proper_o belong_v to_o the_o former_a and_o the_o angustus_fw-la clavus_fw-la to_o the_o latter_a the_o business_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v to_o decide_v all_o controversy_n in_o the_o army_n to_o give_v the_o word_n to_o the_o watch_n beside_o the_o care_n of_o the_o work_n and_o camp_n and_o several_a other_o particular_n which_o will_v fall_v under_o our_o notice_n upon_o some_o other_o occasion_n they_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o wear_v a_o gold_n ring_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o equites_fw-la and_o because_o their_o office_n be_v extreme_o desire_v to_o encourage_v and_o promote_v as_o many_o as_o possible_a their_o command_n last_v but_o six_o month_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o these_o custom_n we_o be_v behold_v to_o one_o verse_n of_o juvenal_n sat._n 7._o semestri_fw-la vatum_fw-la digitos_fw-la circumligat_fw-la auro_fw-la every_o turma_fw-la or_o troop_n of_o horse_n have_v three_o decurion_n or_o captain_n of_o ten_o but_o he_o that_o be_v first_o elect_v command_v the_o troop_n and_o the_o other_o be_v but_o his_o lieutenant_n though_o every_o one_o of_o the_o decurion_n have_v a_o optio_fw-la or_o deputy_n under_o he_o as_o to_o the_o confederate_a or_o foreign_a force_n we_o be_v not_o certain_a how_o the_o small_a body_n of_o they_o be_v command_v but_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o roman_n general_o marshal_v they_o according_a to_o their_o own_o discipline_n and_o assign_v they_o officer_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o of_o the_o legion_n but_o the_o two_o alae_n or_o great_a division_n of_o the_o ally_n we_o be_v assure_v have_v each_o a_o praefect_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o roman_a consul_n who_o govern_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o legionary_a tribune_n chap._n viii_o the_o legati_fw-la and_o the_o imperator_n or_o general_n the_o design_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la at_o their_o first_o institution_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o command_v as_o to_o advise_v the_o senate_n select_v some_o of_o the_o old_a and_o most_o prudent_a member_n to_o assist_v the_o general_n in_o his_o counsel_n dionysius_n call_v this_o the_o most_o honourable_a and_o sacred_a office_n among_o the_o roman_n bearing_z not_o only_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o commander_n but_o withal_o the_o sanctity_n and_o veneration_n of_o a_o priest_n 11._o priest_n diony_n halicarn_n lib._n 11._o and_o he_o and_o polybius_n give_v they_o no_o other_o name_n than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d elder_n or_o elder_n and_o counsellor_n they_o be_v choose_v common_o by_o the_o consul_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n concur_v with_o their_o nomination_n though_o this_o be_v sometime_o slight_v or_o contradict_v as_o appear_v from_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o sextius_n and_o against_o vatinius_n they_o command_v in_o chief_a under_o the_o general_n and_o manage_v all_o affair_n by_o his_o permission_n whence_o caesar_n call_v their_o power_n opera_fw-la fiduciaria_fw-la 2._o fiduciaria_fw-la civil_a lib._n 2._o and_o when_o the_o consul_n or_o proconsul_n be_v absent_a they_o have_v the_o honour_n of_o use_v the_o fasces_fw-la and_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o same_o charge_n as_o the_o officer_n who_o they_o representd_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o legati_fw-la we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o we_o may_v suppose_v this_o to_o have_v depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o general_n and_o upon_o the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o the_o affair_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v however_o we_o have_v tolerable_a ground_n to_o assign_v one_o to_o every_o legion_n under_o the_o emperor_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o legati_fw-la consulares_fw-la and_o praetorii_fw-la the_o first_o of_o which_o command_v whole_a army_n as_o the_o emperor_n lieutenant-general_n and_o the_o other_o only_o particular_a legion_n the_o general_n excel_v all_o other_o officer_n not_o only_o because_o he_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n horse_n and_o foot_n legion_n and_o auxiliary_n but_o especial_o as_o he_o be_v allow_v the_o auspicia_fw-la or_o the_o honour_n of_o take_v omen_n by_o help_n of_o the_o diviner_n which_o make_v a_o very_a solemn_a ceremony_n in_o all_o martial_a expedition_n hence_o they_o be_v say_v gerere_fw-la rem_fw-la suis_fw-la auspiciis_fw-la and_o suâ—divis_fw-la this_o be_v most_o proper_o apply_v when_o they_o do_v not_o act_v in_o person_n as_o suctonius_n when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o conquest_n of_o augustus_n express_v himself_o domuit_fw-la autem_fw-la partim_fw-la ductu_fw-la partiâ—â—_n auspiciis_fw-la suis_fw-la &c_n &c_n 21._o &c_n suet_n in_o aug._n cap._n 21._o machiavelli_n livy_n machiavelli_n machiavel_n discourse_n on_o livy_n high_o extol_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o allow_v their_o general_n unlimited_a commission_n by_o which_o they_o be_v empower_v to_o fight_v or_o not_o fight_v to_o assault_v such_o a_o town_n oâ—_n march_v another_o way_n without_o control_n the_o senate_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o only_o the_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o decree_a war_n unless_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n this_o be_v several_a time_n the_o cause_n of_o remarkable_a victory_n that_o in_o all_o probability_n have_v be_v otherwise_o prevent_v thus_o when_o fabius_n maximus_n have_v give_v the_o tuscan_n a_o considerable_a defeat_n at_o sutrium_n and_o enter_v on_o a_o resolution_n to_o pass_v the_o ciminian_n forest_n a_o very_a dangerous_a and_o difficult_a adventure_n he_o never_o stay_v to_o expect_v further_a order_n from_o rome_n but_o immediate_o march_v his_o force_n into_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o forest_n give_v they_o a_o total_a overthrow_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o senate_n fear_v he_o may_v venture_v on_o such_o a_o hazardous_a attempt_n send_v the_o tribune_n of_o the_o commons_o with_o other_o officer_n to_o desire_n fabius_n that_o he_o will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n think_v of_o such_o a_o enterprise_n but_o not_o arrive_v till_o he_o have_v effect_v his_o design_n instead_o of_o hinder_v his_o resolution_n they_o return_v home_o with_o the_o joyful_a news_n of_o his_o success_n 9_o success_n livy_n lib._n 9_o the_o set_v out_o of_o the_o general_n be_v attend_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o superstition_n the_o public_a prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n for_o his_o success_n be_v finish_v he_o habit_v in_o a_o rich_a paludamentum_fw-la a_o robe_n of_o purple_a or_o scarlet_n interweave_v with_o gold_n begin_v his_o march_n out_o of_o the_o city_n accompany_v with_o a_o vast_a retinue_n of_o all_o sex_n and_o age_n especial_o if_o the_o expedition_n be_v undertake_v against_o any_o potent_a or_o renown_a adyersary_n all_o person_n be_v desirous_a to_o see_v and_o follow_v with_o their_o wish_n he_o on_o who_o all_o their_o hope_n and_o fortune_n depend_v if_o it_o will_v not_o be_v too_o minute_n we_o may_v add_v a_o description_n of_o the_o general_n be_v led-horse_n with_o their_o rich_a trappings_o of_o purple_a and_o cloth_n of_o gold_n such_o as_o dionysius_n tell_v we_o they_o bring_v to_o honest_a quinctius_n the_o dictator_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o he_o have_v leave_v with_o his_o plough_n or_o as_o that_o of_o pompey_n the_o great_a which_o plutarch_n mention_n to_o have_v be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o war_n with_o sertorius_n the_o old_a roman_n have_v one_o very_o superstitious_a fancy_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o general_n that_o if_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o be_v devote_v or_o sacrifice_v to_o jupiter_n mars_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o infernal_a god_n all_o the_o misfortune_n which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v happen_v to_o his_o party_n will_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o pious_a act_n be_v transfer_v on_o their_o enemy_n this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o several_a successful_a instance_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o most_o renown_a family_n of_o the_o decii_n of_o who_o the_o father_n son_n and_o grandson_n all_o devote_a themselves_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o army_n the_o first_o be_v consul_n with_o manlius_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n and_o perceive_v the_o left_a wing_n which_o he_o command_v to_o give_v back_o he_o call_v out_o to_o valerius_n the_o highpriest_n to_o perform_v on_o he_o the_o ceremony_n of_o consecration_n which_o we_o find_v describe_v by_o livy_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n and_o immediate_o spur_v his_o horse_n into_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n force_n where_o he_o be_v kill_v and_o the_o roman_a army_n gain_v the_o battle_n his_o son_n die_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o tuscan_a war_n and_o his_o grandson_n in_o the_o war_n with_o pyrrbus_n in_o both_o which_o the_o roman_n be_v successful_a juvenal_n have_v leave_v they_o this_o deserve_a encomium_n in_o his_o eight_o satyr_n plebeiae_fw-la deciorum_fw-la
causae_fw-la or_o dispute_v the_o case_n manage_v by_o the_o lawyer_n on_o both_o side_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o witness_n write_n and_o the_o like_a the_o use_n of_o which_o be_v so_o admirable_o teach_v in_o their_o book_n of_o oratory_n in_o give_v sentence_n the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v require_v to_o overthrow_v the_o defendant_n if_o the_o number_n be_v equal_o divide_v the_o defendant_n be_v actual_o clear_v and_o if_o half_o condemn_v he_o in_o one_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o half_a in_o another_o the_o least_o sum_n always_o stand_v good_a 10._o good_a zâ—uch_o element_n p._n 5._o sect._n 10._o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o sentence_n be_v either_o in_o integrum_fw-la restitutio_fw-la addictio_fw-la judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la or_o judicium_fw-la falsi_fw-la the_o first_o be_v when_o upon_o petition_n of_o the_o party_n who_o be_v overthrow_v the_o praetor_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o have_v the_o suit_n come_v on_o again_o and_o allow_v he_o another_o full_a hear_n addictio_fw-la be_v when_o the_o party_n who_o have_v be_v cast_v in_o such_o a_o sum_n unless_o he_o give_v surety_n to_o pay_v it_o in_o a_o little_a time_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n before_o the_o praetor_n who_o deliver_v he_o into_o his_o disposal_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n or_o otherwise_o secure_v till_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v judicium_fw-la calumniae_fw-la be_v a_o action_n bring_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o false_a accusation_n judicium_fw-la falsi_fw-la be_v a_o action_n which_o lay_v against_o the_o judge_n for_o corruption_n and_o unjust_a proceed_n chap._n xvii_o of_o public_a judgement_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o public_a judgement_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o quaesitor_n and_o judge_n of_o the_o method_n of_o proceed_v and_o of_o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o trial_n the_o crime_n or_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o public_a judgement_n be_v such_o action_n as_o tend_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n and_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n as_o if_o any_o person_n have_v derogate_a from_o the_o honour_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n have_v imbezzele_v or_o put_v to_o ill_a use_n the_o public_a money_n or_o any_o treasure_n consecrate_v to_o religion_n or_o have_v corrupt_v the_o people_n vote_n in_o a_o election_n or_o have_v extort_a contribution_n from_o the_o ally_n or_o receive_v money_n in_o any_o judgement_n or_o have_v use_v any_o violent_a compulsion_n to_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n these_o they_o term_v crimina_fw-la majestatis_fw-la peculatûs_fw-la ambitûs_o repetundarum_fw-la and_o vis_fw-la publicae_fw-la or_o if_o any_o person_n have_v kill_v another_o with_o a_o weapon_n or_o effect_v the_o same_o with_o poison_n or_o lay_v violent_a hand_n on_o his_o parent_n or_o have_v forge_v a_o will_n or_o counterfeit_v the_o public_a coin_n or_o have_v corrupt_v another_o man_n wife_n or_o have_v buy_v bind_v or_o conceal_v a_o servant_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o master_n whence_o these_o crime_n take_v the_o name_n inter_fw-la sicarios_fw-la veneficii_fw-la parricidii_fw-la falsi_fw-la adulterii_fw-la plagii_fw-la beside_o these_o any_o private_a cause_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o new_a law_n may_v be_v make_v of_o public_a cognizance_n as_o to_o the_o punishment_n they_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o chapter_n by_o themselves_o hereafter_o the_o inquisition_n of_o criminal_a matter_n belong_v at_o first_o to_o the_o king_n and_z after_o the_o abrogation_n of_o that_o government_n for_o some_o time_n to_o the_o consul_n but_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o the_o valerian_n law_n it_o be_v confer_v as_o occasion_n happen_v upon_o officer_n depute_v by_o the_o people_n with_o the_o title_n of_o quaesitores_fw-la parricidii_fw-la but_o about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o city_n 604._o this_o power_n be_v make_v perpetual_a and_o appropriate_v to_o the_o praetor_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o order_n of_o the_o people_n at_o their_o annual_a election_n the_o inquisition_n of_o such_o and_o such_o crime_n be_v commit_v to_o such_o and_o such_o praetor_n yet_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o people_n can_v appoint_v other_o quaesitores_fw-la if_o they_o think_v convenient_a next_o to_o the_o quaesitor_n be_v the_o judex_n quaestionis_fw-la who_o though_o he_o be_v sometime_o confound_v with_o the_o praetor_n yet_o be_v proper_o a_o person_n of_o note_n depute_v by_o the_o praetor_n to_o manage_v the_o trial_n of_o which_o he_o himself_o perform_v only_o the_o main_a business_n after_o he_o be_v the_o judices_fw-la selecti_fw-la who_o be_v summon_v by_o the_o praetor_n to_o give_v their_o verdict_n in_o criminal_a matter_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o jury_n they_o be_v choose_v every_o year_n to_o a_o set_a number_n design_v by_o the_o law_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o prefer_n of_o new_a law_n often_o vary_v as_o to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n the_o first_o action_n which_o they_o term_v in_o jus_o vocatio_fw-la be_v much_o the_o same_o in_o public_a as_o in_o private_a cause_n but_o then_o as_o the_o postulatio_fw-la of_o the_o plaintiff_n consist_v in_o desire_v leave_n of_o the_o praetor_n to_o enter_v a_o suit_n against_o the_o desendant_n so_o here_o the_o accuser_n desire_v permission_n to_o enter_v the_o name_n of_o the_o offender_n with_o the_o crime_n which_o he_o object_v to_o he_o this_o they_o call_v nomiras_n delatio_fw-la be_v perform_v first_o viuâ_fw-la in_o a_o set_a form_n of_o word_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o then_o offer_v to_o the_o praetor_n be_v write_v in_o a_o tablet_n if_o approve_v by_o the_o praetor_n the_o accuse_v party_n name_n be_v enter_v in_o the_o roll_n of_o criminal_n both_o person_n have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o calumâ—â—_n already_o speak_v of_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o name_n the_o praetor_n appoint_v a_o set_a day_n for_o the_o trial_n and_o from_o that_o time_n the_o accuse_a person_n change_v his_o habit_n go_v in_o black_a till_o the_o trial_n be_v over_o and_o use_v in_o his_o dress_n and_o carriage_n all_o token_n of_o sorrow_n and_o concern_v upon_o the_o appoint_a day_n the_o court_n be_v meet_v and_o both_o party_n appear_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v be_v the_o sortitio_fw-la judicum_fw-la or_o impannel_a the_o jury_n perform_v common_o by_o the_o judex_n quaestionis_fw-la who_o take_v by_o lot_n such_o a_o number_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o judices_fw-la selecti_fw-la as_o the_o particular_a law_n on_o which_o the_o accusation_n be_v found_v have_v determine_v liberty_n be_v give_v to_o both_o party_n to_o reject_v or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o to_o challenge_v any_o that_o they_o please_v the_o praetor_n or_o judex_n quaestionis_fw-la substitute_v other_o in_o their_o place_n the_o jury_n be_v thus_o choose_v be_v cite_v by_o the_o public_a servant_n of_o the_o court_n and_o when_o the_o proper_a number_n appear_v they_o be_v swear_v and_o then_o take_v their_o place_n in_o the_o subsellia_fw-la and_o hear_v the_o trial_n in_o this_o we_o may_v reckon_v four_o part_n accusatio_fw-la defensio_fw-la laudatie_fw-mi and_o latio_fw-la sententiae_fw-la accusatio_fw-la be_v design_v perpetuaâ—oratio_fw-la ad_fw-la crimina_fw-la inferenda_fw-la atque_fw-la augenda_fw-la artificiose_fw-la composita_fw-la a_o continue_a oration_n artificial_o compose_v for_o the_o make_v out_o and_o heighten_v the_o crime_n allege_v for_o it_o do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o give_v a_o plain_a narration_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o confirm_v it_o by_o witness_n and_o other_o evidence_n but_o in_o bring_v of_o other_o argument_n too_o draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n from_o the_o character_n of_o the_o accuse_a person_n and_o his_o former_a course_n of_o life_n from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o several_a other_o topic_n which_o the_o orator_n teach_v we_o to_o enlarge_v upon_o nor_o be_v the_o accuser_n limit_v in_o respect_n of_o time_n be_v allow_v common_o as_o many_o day_n as_o he_o please_v to_o make_v good_a his_o charge_n defensio_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o lawyer_n or_o advocate_n retain_v by_o the_o accuse_a party_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n be_v allow_v to_o speak_v as_o many_o day_n as_o they_o please_v towards_o the_o clear_n of_o their_o client_n the_o three_o common_a method_n they_o take_v be_v facti_fw-la negatio_fw-la negatio_fw-la nominis_fw-la facti_fw-la or_o probatio_fw-la jure_fw-la factum_fw-la either_o plain_o to_o deny_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o endeavour_v to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a or_o else_o to_o acknowledge_v the_o fact_n and_o yet_o to_o deny_v that_o it_o fall_v under_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n object_v or_o last_o to_o prove_v the_o fact_n lawful_a the_o first_o way_n of_o defence_n be_v general_o use_v when_o the_o person_n stand_v indict_v of_o what_o they_o call_v crimen_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la