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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16229	The fower chiefyst offices belongyng to horsemanshippe that is to saye. The office of the breeder, of the rider, of the keper, and of the ferrer. In the firste parte wherof is declared the order of breding of horses. In the seconde howe to breake them, and to make theym horses of seruyce, conteyninge the whole art of ridynge lately set forth, and nowe newly corrected and amended of manye faultes escaped in the fyrste printynge, as well touchyng the bittes as other wyse. Thirdely howe to dyet them, aswell when they reste as when they trauell by the way. Fourthly to what diseases they be subiecte, together with the causes of such diseases, the sygnes howe to knowe them, and finally howe to cure the same. Whyche bookes are not onely paynfully collected out of a nomber of aucthours, but also orderly dysposed and applyed to the vse of thys oure cou[n]trey. By Tho. Blundeuill of Newton Flotman in Norff.	Blundeville, Thomas, fl. 1561.; Grisone, Federico. Ordini di cavalcare.	1566 (1566)	STC 3152; ESTC S104611	267,576	513

and of breakyng great horses is no vyle arte Gryson vseth the aucthoritye of the noble Poet Virgill Who in his Eneidos calleth king Picus for a more excellencye and greater prayse a tamer or breaker of horses He geueth also the like tytle in dyuers places of hys booke to Mesaphus the son of Neptune the god of the sea who as Poets faine begot vpon Medusa the winged horse named Pegasus which fleyng vp to the heauens was transformed into those sterres that be nowe called after his name The poetes faine also that Bellerephons the sonne of kynge Glaucus was vppon thys horse backe when he slew the monstrous Chimera ¶ The first inuentours of Rydynge and of byttes and also of the seruyng with horses in the fielde THis Bellerophons as some men say was the first that inuented Rydinge on horsebacke And the Pellitrones a people of Lapithia founde out afterwarde the maner of bridles byttes and rynges to guide horses withall But they of Thessalia were the firste that vsed the seruice of horses in the wars which as Gryson sayth proceded of a iudgement no lesse profitable then deuine Thus endeth the examples of Gryson Of the coloures of horses and vvhich be best Cap i. A HORSE for the moste part is coloured according as he is complexioned and as he is complexioned so is he also well or euill condicioned Again he is complexioned according as he doth participat more or lesse of any of the .iiii. Elementes For if he hath more of the earth then of the rest he is melancholy heauy and faint harted and of coulor a blacke a russet a bright or dark dunne But if he hath more of the water thē is he flegmatique slowe dull and apt to lose fleshe and of coulor most commonlye milke white If of the aire then he is a sanguine and therfore pleasant nimble and of colour is most commonlye a baye And if of the fier then is he cholorique and therefore lighte whote and fiery a sterer and seldome of anye great strength and is wont to be of Coulour a bright sorel But when he doeth participate of all the foure Elementes equallye and in dewe proportion then is he perfect and most commonly shal be one of these coloures folowinge That is to saye a browne baye a dapple graye a blacke full of siluer heares a blacke lyke a moore or a fayre rone which kindes of horses are most commendable most most temperate strongest and of gentellest nature And next to these are such as be most like in colour to them as the bright bay the darke baye that hath neyther learinge looke mealy nose nor white flanke The bright sorell the flye-bitten white the white liard lyke syluer hauinge hys outermost partes blacke as the tippes of hys eares his maine his taile or all fowre feete And if he hath a lyste from his maine to hys tayle he is so much the better To these also may be added the ashye graye hauing al his .iiii. feete striped And note this that as all well coloured horses are so muche the better for hauing some signe of adustion that is to say some blacke marke at the least in their nethermost partes So of all euill colored horses those are best which haue theyr outermost partes blacke But if he be a bright sorell a browne bay with redde flankes a perfect blacke or of any other colour betokening Colour adust Then to mittygate hys fiercenes he had nede to haue some whyte marke Wherefore syth good markes be as necessarye as good coulours I will treate of them particularly in the next chapter folowinge ¶ Which horses be well marked and which be not Cap. ii THe horse that hath any white marke is called of the Italyons Balzano but speciallye when he is white footed And of white feted horses there be iiii good and .vii. bad ¶ The good be these The first is he that hath a white forefoote on the farre syde The seconde that hathe a whyte hynderfoote on the neare syde The third that hath both his hinder feete white But note that suche whyte muste not mount aboue the pastorns for that were an euill sygne betokening debility and such horses be not called Balzani but Calzati which is so much to saye in englyshe as hosed ¶ The seuen bad The first is he that hath a white forefote on the neare side The second that hath a whyte hinderfoote on the far syde and is called of the Italyons Arzeglio The thirde that hath both hys forefeete whyte The fourth that hathe his forefoote and hinderfoote both on the farside white and is called of the Italions Trauato that is to say trauersed The .v. that hath his forefoote and hinderfoote bothe on the neare side white and is likewyse called Trauato The syxt that hath hys forefoote on the neareside and his hinderfoote on the farsyde crossewyse both white and is called of the Italions Trastrauato crosse trauersed The .vii. that hath hys foorefoote on the farreside and his hinderfoote on the neareside crossewise both white and is also called Trastrauato And note that if any of the whyte fete betokenyng eyther good or euil be mingled or sprēt wyth blacke spottes it confirmeth so muche the more the good or euill signification therof It is an excellent good marke also for a horse to haue a white starre in his forheade or a white lyst or fyllet comming down on his heade without touchyng his browes and not fully arriuing to his nose The horse that hath a whyte rumpe or tayle is called of the Napolirans Rapicano and is most commonlye a good horse but if he haue any whyte therwyth before that sygnifieth him to be of small force The horse that is flyebitten onlye on the shoulders or on the flankes can neyther be strong nor able to endure anye hardnes For suche a horse most commonlye is foled in the heate of sommer betwixt Iuly and August when flyes are stirring from the stinging wherof he is not able to defende him selfe neyther with heade nor tayle and therfore is called of the Italions Attaffanato that is flyestong or fliebitten And besides that his damme can haue no plentye of milke to fede him with the grasse being burnt vp with heat The white horse that is altogether blacke fliebitten or red fliebitten is a good horse But if he be a Lyard and marked wyth a fewe redde or tawney flyebitinges only on his chekes or on his nose that is a sygne of a stubborne Iade and headstronge The whall eyed horse called of the Italyons Gazzo is most commonlye wilye and full of shrewde toyes The horse whose balles of his eyes are whyte seyth not well in tyme of snow The horse that hath no kind of white marke is moste commonlye tractable but then he is ramege that is to saye he wyll kepe no iust pace in his going but fareth as one that goth with .ii. mindes twyxt going and not going And though to haue no white marke maye chaunce to all

The fower chiefyst offices belongyng to Horsemanshippe That is to saye The office of the Breeder Of the Rider of the Keper and of the Ferrer In the firste parte wherof is declared the order of breding of horses In the seconde howe to breake them and to make theym horses of seruyce Conteyninge the whole arte of Ridynge lately set forth and nowe newly corrected and amended of manye faultes escaped in the fyrste printynge as well touchyng the bittes as otherwyse Thirdely howe to dyet them aswell when they reste as when they trauell by the way Fourthly to what diseases they be subiecte together with the causes of such diseases the sygnes howe to knowe them and finally howe to cure the same Whyche bookes are not onely paynfully collected out of a nomber of aucthours but also orderly dysposed and applyed to the vse of thys oure coūtrey By Tho. Blundeuill of Newton Flotman in Norff. ¶ Imprinted at London by VVyllyam Seres dwellyng at the west ende of Paules churche at the signe of the Hedgehogge Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum TO THE RIGHTE HONORABLE AND HIS SINGVLER GOOD LORDE THE Lorde Roberte Dudley Erle of Leycester Barron of Denbighe Knight of the honorable order of the Garter Maister of the Queenes maiesties horses and one of her highnes pryuie councell Thomas Blundeuil wissheth perfect felicitie AFTER THAT I had put foorthe the Arte of Riding and sawe how thākfully it pleased not only your Honoure but also the moste part of the Ientlemē of this Realme to accept the same I was so muche encoraged therby as I sought to make the saide boke more periecte by addinge therevnto three other bookes wherof the first should treate of the breedynge of Horses the seconde of their dyet to preserue them longe in healthe and the thirde of their diseases declarynge therewithall the causes sygnes and cures of the same whiche bokes how necessarye they be and how meete they are to accompany the Arte of Riding the matter it selfe being well handled would euidently shewe For then it should be a perfecte worke comprehending the foure chiefyst Offices belonging to Horsemanshyppe that is to say The office of the Breeder of the Ryder or Breaker of the Keeper and of the Ferrer For as towchinge the Bitmaker Saddler their offices the first is indifferently wel declared alredy in the Arte of Riding the Sadler his office shal be taught herafter in another litle boke of additions which I entende God wyllynge to ioyne to this volume briefelye cōprehendyng all the good preceptes of a later Writer nowe being your Honors most excellente Ryder called maister Claudio Corte Not onely touching that office but also touchynge diuerse of the other Offices before recited Whiche Booke shall supply to all the wants of suche necessarye thynges as eyther Gryson in his boke or I perhappes haue neclygently omytted And truely your Honour deserueth no litle prayse for procuryng so synguler a man into this Realme For besydes his perfection in riding he is so wel learned wyse courteouse and modest withall as his acquaintaunce company frendship ought to be right deare vnto al ciuill Ientlemen and specially to those that delyght in Horsemanshyppe But now to retourne vnto my purpose for that I sawe it lay not in me to perfourme this worke so as it might answere euery mans expectacion and specially of such as are more readie to finde faultes then to amende them I did almost repent me of mine enterprise and good desire and the rather for that I had no one certayne Author to followe that eyther wrote of these matters to the full or in suche order as did satisfye my minde but should be driuen to deale with a great nombre of Authors whose sayinges and experiences together with mine owne small knowledge gotten by traueling in forreine countreies I must not onely orderly dispose but also apply the same to the vse of this our countrey Which thing being more laborious thē some perhaps take it I had cleane geuen it ouer if your good Lordshyp had not ben by whom I was so much harted as I could not chose but to take the same in hand and to go thoroughe withall so well as I coulde And therfore if any man receyueth any commodity therby as I doubte not but he shall if he wyll vouchsafe to rede al that I haue wrytten frō the beginning to the ending he shall haue most cause to be thankefull to youre Honour for the same And I beleeue your thankes and prayse shoulde be so muche the more if it would please your Honour to be a meane that the Quenes highnes may not onely cause such statutes as were made in her noble Father and deare Brothers time bothe of good Memory touchyng the breedinge of horses vpon commons to be put in executiō but also that all such parkes within this realme as be in her highnesse handes and mete for that purpose might not wholly be imployed to the keping of Dere which is altogether a pleasure without profyt but partly to the necessary breeding of Horses for seruice wherof this realme of all others at this instant hath greatest nede The lacke of whiche if any inuasion shuld chaunce which God defend wold quickly appere I feare me to the great perill danger of this her highnes realme And her Maiestye geuyng this good example I doubt not but that the most part of the noble men and Ientlemen of this realm hauing parks or groūds impaled mete for such vse wold folow the same And to the intēt that no couetousnes might hinder so good an act I wold wish the couetous mind desyre of all men to be brideled by a lawe discipline Wherby it wold be prouided that not onely a sufficiēt nombre of able Horses maye be bred within this Realme but also that the same horses may be broken kept mainteyned and exercysed accordyngly Monsieur de l' Angeay in his boke of war wold haue no man to keepe a hackney or easye horse to ride on him selfe vnlesse he kepte also a horse mete for seruice in the fielde Whiche thing I feare me wold not please vs English men at al which of late daies are more geuen to priuat ease singuler cōmoditie then to a welth publique or cōmon profite Notwithstanding if a good law as I said before were made aswel for the breding as exercising of great horses and Gueldinges meete for seruice and the same straightly executed by vncorrupted officers whiche in mine opinion wold be skylful Surueiours for the breedes and expert muster masters for the horses of seruice And also that such Surueies be made twise a yeare at the least and that the Musters of the horses of seruice be taken throughout the whole realme foure times in a yere that is to say quarterly and al in one day for the auoyding of false Musters I beleue that in short space we shold not only haue plenty of good horses but also that the Ientlemen of this

folowe the same And specially now whilest the quenes Maiesty mindeth so graciously to prouide for the breding and kepyng of great horses whiche no doubt shoulde be to the greate profiting of this our cōmon weale In the most partes wherof partly for lacke of arte and partly for lack of exercise chiualry is sore decayed I shal not only thinke my labour wel bestowed but also to haue receiued the greatest reward that I could possible wish or desire Yea and shal be encouraged therby to attempt hereafter some other thyng of more weight Wherin I may shewe my selfe thankefull to your L. for so courteously acceptynge this my labour good wyll whiche is and shal be alwayes bent to do your H. suche poore seruice as I can ¶ A Chapter to the Reader towchynge the order obserued in this booke verye necessarye to be read and well considered before he enter anye further ENdeuoring my selfe gentle reader for your better vnderstandinge to reduce Grysons boke whiche in the Italion tounge dothe treate of the arte of rydynge and of breakynge greate Horses into a more briefe and compendious waye of teachinge then hee to my Iudgemente hathe therin obserued I soughte firste to what ende suche laboure was chiefly to be employed vpon great horses And I founde that eyther it was to make them horses of seruice or els horses of pleasure called Stirers Then I cōsidered what things were incident to an horse of seruice and what to a horse of pleasure or Stirer And of those thinges which were common to them both and which were appertayning to eche one perticulerly And firste I founde that to a horse of seruice belonged these chiefe poyntes here folowinge That is to say to trot cleane lustely to stop lightly to turne on both handes redely to galloppe stronglye to maneg with single turne surelye and laste of all to passe a carire swiftly And in all his doinges from the beginning to the ending to reane well and to beare his head steddely Al which things are also cōmon to the stirrer but then it is requisite that the stirrer besides all this learne to bounde alofte with all foure to yarke withall to gallop the gallop galliarde to fetch the Capriole to doe the Coruetti and such like kind of saltes But yet this sufficeth not vnles I mighte also know the nighest meanes for a horse to attayne to these feates what order was therin to be obserued which whilest I sought behold the riders office wholy discouered wherby I mighte well perceiue that vnles the rider were first instructed in all those thinges that appertayned vnto his office the horse coulde neuer be well broken Wherefore minding to comprehende all thinges in iii. bokes I thought it most mete to begin with the ryder in teaching him first howe to know a good horse and apt to be taught aswell by hys coulour markes as shape to thintent he bestowe not his laboure vpon a Iade or Roile Then howe to tame him and to make him so gentle as he may suffer to be ridden After that how to sit him and to behaue him selfe in the poynt like a horseman Then I proceded further declaring the iii. chiefe pointes wherin the perfection of a horseman consisteth That is to say in knowing how to helpe to correct and to cherishe his horse and with what instrumentes and generally how and when to vse them and so I ende the first boke That done I come to the horses lessons which he hath to learne for his parte declaring what order is to be kepte therin to which soeuer of those ii endes beforesaid he be broken And to euery lesson I ioyne such helpes and corrections as are mete to be vsed for redresse of such faultes as most cōmonly chaunce therin whych faultes for the most part I call errors making a distinction betwene errors and vices attributing errors to the lacke of knowledge and vices to nature or euil custome As these be vices to be restif to be rammege to lye downe in the water to be skittishe which for distinction sake I do otherwise cal general faultes because they may chaūce in euery lesson Of the most part of which faults I do treat seuerally in the third boke declaring therewith the corrections of the same For otherwise I shoulbe be driuen to make many digressions and to interrupte the tenoure of my talke which I loue not to do And I say here of the most part because ther be some vices so peculier so incident to certayne of the horses lessons as I am forced to myngle the correctiō of the same euen amongst the errors as occasion requireth and yet therby no order broken at all as any man of iudgemente I am sure will easely confesse Then the horse being throughly broken in all poyntes mete for him to learne be he horse of seruice or styrrer I finallye teach you how to ryde him to the best shewe before a prince And there endeth the second booke In the third booke I treate onely of the corrections of the generall vices aforesaid and of the diuersity of bits and to what purpose euery one serueth The order of all which three bookes shall more playnely appeare vnto you by the contentes of the chapters hereafter folowing And though Gryson semeth to vse the like order that I do in the very beginnyng yet he doth not continew the same but immediately maketh so many dygressions and interlaceth so many and dyuers matters together as were ynough to confounde the memory of a very dyscrete reader And yet Gryson not to be blamed for not obseruing that order or Metheode in wrytynge whiche perhaps he neuer had learned But rather muche to be praysed and commended of almen for vttering in the best maner he could that his assured knowledge which he had gotten with great labour and contynuall exercisyng him selfe in ryding the space of xl yeares and aboue Of which knowledge what lacke we Englishmen haue had specially haue at this present is best sene at a mustre when the Queenes Maiesty hath nede of hors and horsemen where ofttimes you shall see some that sit on their horses like winde shaken reedes handlinge their handes and legs like weauers Or if the horseman be good then the horse for hys parte shall be so broken as when he is suffred to go forwarde he will go backewarde And when hys ryder wolde haue him to turne on the right hand he wil turne cleane contrary And when he should stoppe he will arme him selfe and runne away or els stoppe sooner then his ryder woulde haue hym or vse such lyke toyes For redresse of which faultes both in man and beast this booke is chiefly set forthe with the rules wherof if you that lack knoweledge shall vouchsafe to acquainte your selues not onely by reading but also by exercise of rydynge I doubt not but by your spedye profityng therein you shall haue iust occasion to be thankefull both to Gryson for the first

couloures yet it chaunceth moste to the blacke and darke bay And note that when suche blacknes proceadeth of choler adust the horse is furious bolde and wily and is called of the Italions Zaino But if of melancholy naturall then he is feareful dull and slow which thinges are more easye to be knowen by his doynges then by his markes The horse that hath an Ostriche fether eyther on his forheade on both sides of his maine or on the one side or els behinde on his buttockes or in anye place where he himselfe can not see it can neuer be euill horse But though the horse be neuer so well couloured and marked yet is he lyttle worth onles his shape be accordinglye And therefore I will shewe you what shape a good horse ought to haue begynninge at his neyther partes wheron a good horseman ought first to fyxe his eye and minde What shape a good horse ought to haue Cap. iii. A Good horse then would haue a black smoth drie large round and hollowe houe and if it be soft or tender and brode about the hele it is the greater signe of lightnes The reason is for that the horse from the day of his foling treadeth light vpon the grounde for he is afrayde to truste to his houes beynge as yet verye tender and therfore straineth his forelegs and his backe the more The crownes aboue his houes would be smal heary His pastors short and that neyther to lowe nor yet to high so shall he be strong beneth not apt to founder His ioyntes great wyth long feawter lockes behinde which is a sygne of force His legges straight and brode His knees great leane and plaine His thighes full of sinewes the bones whereof would be shorte equall iuste and well proportioned and the brawnes therof when he standeth with hys legges together must be much more distaunt one from another aboue towardes the breast then beneath His shoulders longe large and full of fleshe His breast large and rounde His necke rather long then short great towardes the breast bending in the midst and slender towardes the heade His eares smal or rather sharpe and standing right vp beynge of a iust length and largenes accordyng to the stature of the horse His forehead leane and large His eyes blacke and great The hollownes of his browes well filled and shooting outwarde His iawes slender and leane His nostrels so open and puffed vp as you may see the reade within apt to receyue ayre His mouth great And finally his whole heade together woulde be lyke a sheapes heade His maine would be thinne and long albeit I doe not mislike the opinion of those that woulde haue it to be thycke so that it be not ouerthycke for as the thynnesse betokeneth aptnesse to be taught so doeth the indifferent thicknes betoken strength Hys wythers or walleys woulde not onely be sharpe pointed but also ryght and straight so as a man maye plainly see from thence the departure of hys shoulders His backe woulde be shorte and that neyther rysinge nor fallynge but euen and playne so shall it be stronge Which you shal sone try if you ryde him For the horse that hath a strong backe either in his going or gallopynge wyll continuallye gather his bodye rounde together aduauncyng himselfe behind and liftyng vp his rumpe whych the Italyons call Aggruppiggiare yea and wil do the like when soeuer you shall require it or at the least wyll not shrynke or distend hys backe but wil kepe it alwaies at one stay Wheras if he hath a feble backe eyther he wyl go rollyng behynd or els if he aduaunceth hym selfe for a whyle at the firste setting forth yet he is not able to continue withal His sides woulde be longe and large with a small space betwyxt the hindermost rybbe and the hucklebone His belly long great but orderly hidden vnder his ribbs His flankes not gawnte but full hauing naturall freezeled heares growynge on both sides and the hygher that suche heares mount the better His rumpe round and plain with the fal of a little gutter and with a large space betwixt the .ii. hucklebones Hys thyghes large and longe wyth bones well fashyned and full of flesh on eyther syde The hammes wherof if they be leane drye and straighte and the houghes large and crooked like a Hart it is a sygne of swyftnes But if the hammes be croked the houghes straight it is a signe that he is good for trauel Hys tayle woulde be full of heares and longe downe to to the grounde the tronchen wherof must be of a measurable bygnes and wel couched betwixt his thyghes notwithstandynge some doe saye that a thinne taile and cryspe is as good His stones yard woulde be small And finallye all hys members would be corespondent to the greatnes of his body which altogether would be fashioned much like a stag somwhat lower before then behind but not ouermuche for that were daungerous in runnyng And the greater and stronger the horse is the meeter for the war and the lyghter and more nymble he be the meter to make a styrer Thus hauyng shewed you how to know a good horse and apt to be taught aswel by his coulour marks as shape It resteth now that I teach you how to breake him and to handle him and fyrste yf he be wylde or a Colte how to tame him ¶ How to tame a wylde horse or Colte at what age how to make him to come to a blocke and what bridle and saddle you shall fyrst put vpon hym Cap. iiii ALthough you may begyn to handle your horse when he is full .ii. yeares olde and vpward yet it were better to tarye vntyl he be .iii. yeres and a halfe olde so shal he be the better able to endure trauell the ioyntes of his bodye and legges beynge then somewhat knyt together For whiche cause the Emperour Federico woulde not haue a horse to be ridden before he were full .iiii. yeares olde And at the first handlynge of hym you shall put on his heade a certayn Coller or halter called of the Napolitans Cauazana made in suche sorte as is hereafter expressed in the first figure of the thyrde boke whiche I caused to be cut of purpose because that Grison would in no wyse haue a yonge horse to be ridden at the first with anye bitte for feare of marryng his mouth In steade of which Cauetsane our Riders in Englande vse a Cheane not muche vnlyke in effect vnto the cauetsane but yet in my iudgement not so mete for a yonge horse for that it strayneth the tender gristle of his nose to sore whyche kynde of halter or Cauetsane partly for shortnes of speache and partlye for likenesse of sygnification I will call from henceforth a headstraine And in puttinge the heade straine on you must vse your horse so gentlie as he may not onlie be content to were it but also to be quietly led therby Whereunto with gentle handlynge you shall

Potentiall as Iohannes vigo saith are medicines corosyue putrefactiue causticke This worde corosyue is deryued of the latten word Corrodo which is as muche to saye as to gnawe and frette and of such coresyues some be simple and some compound The simple as Vigo saith be such as these Roch alom as wel burnt as not burnte sponge of the sea somewhat burnt Lyme red Corall pouder of Mercury Compound Corosyues be these Vnguentum apostolorum Vnguentiū aegiptiacum Vnguentum Ceraceū Medicines putrefactiue called of the learned sort Septica according to Auicen be those that haue strength to corrupt the complexiō of the member and to enduce an escharr lyke dead fleshe causing great payne yea and feuers and therefore ought not to be ministred but to strong bodyes and in strong diseases as in Carbuncles cancrous vlcers and such lyke and they be these Arsnike sublimat resalgar and other medicines compound therewith Siluius also addeth therevnto Sandaracha chrysocolla and Aconitum but he doth not agree with Auicen in the discription of the putrefactiue medicynes For he sayth that they cause little payne or none neyther be they so hote and drye as those that are called Escharotica that is to say Crustiue which be hot in the fourth degre do brede a crust and scar and cause great payne as vnslect lime and the burned dregs of wyne wherfore it semeth that Auicens discription belongeth rather to the crustiue than to the putryfactyue medicines Not withstanding I must needes say that our Chirurgiās and also ferrers doe fynde both Arsenik and Resalgar to be so sharpe hot and burning things as when they mynister the same to any parte of the bodye they are forced to allay the sharpenesse thereof the Chirurgians with the iuyce of Plantan or Daffadyll or else of Houseleeke the ferrers with hogs grease Medycynes Caustike that is to say burning are those whose operation is moste strong and inclyneth to the nature of fire and yet more easily allayed as Vigo wryteth than the medicines putrifactyue and therefore may be more safely vsed They be made as he sayth of strong lye called Capitellum or Magistra of Vitriol Romane Sal vitre Aqua fortis of this sort be all those which Vigo calleth the blistring medicines as Apium Cantharides Ciclamine Onions strōg Garlicke Melanacardinum the stones or graines of vitis Alba otherwyse called Brionye Moreouer Vigo maketh euery one of these Cauteris potentiall to excell one an other as it were by certayne degrees saying that Corosiues be weaker than Putrifactiues and Putrifactiues weaker than Caustick and therfore Corosiues worke in the vpper part and in softe fleshe Putrifactiues in harde fleshe and depe But Caustickes haue power to breake the skin in harde flesh and doe enter most deepely The vse of the most parte of whiche things hath bene taught you before in sundry places according to Martins experience And therefore I leaue to trouble you any further wishing you that are desirous to know any more of these matters to reade Taugantius wryting De piroticis the .xi. Chapter in his first boke of Surgery And Siluius de medicament comp ratione And Iohn Vigo wryting of Surgery englyshed but fewe yeares synce But the olde wryters so farre as I can iudge by the words of Absirtus Pelagonius and others that write of Horseleach craft do apply this worde Causticke to suche medicins as are astrictiue and bynding called of Martin and other Ferrers in these dayes bynding charges as may well appeare by the composition and vse thereof here following recyted by Vegetius in this sorte The receyte of a Causticke vsed by Chiron to dry vp superfluous moysture and to bind parts loosned and to strengthen parts weakned The Clxxxvij Chapter TAke of Bitumē Iudaicū two pound of Bitumen Apolonii two pounde of the purest part of Frankencēse sixe ounces of Bdelliū Arabitū ij oūces of deares suet ij pound of Propuleū two ounces of Galbanū two ounces of the drops of Storax two ounces of cōmon wax two pound of Resin Cabial one pound of Viscus Italicus thre ounces of Apoxima two ounces of the iuyce of Hysop two ounces of the droppes of Armoniacke two ounces of Pytch one pounde A nother Caustick vsed by Pelagonius to dry vp swellings bladders wingals and splents in the legges and ioyntes The Clxxxviij Chapter TAke of virgin wax one pounde of Rosen two pounde and a halfe of Galbanum three ounces of Asphaltum Iudaicū two pound of Myrrhe secundary two pounde of Bitumen one pounde of Armoniacke syxe ounces of Costus syxe ounces Boyle all these things together in an earthen pot sauing the Asphaltum Armoniack and Costū which being first ground like fine flower muste be added vnto the other thinges after that they haue bene boyled and cooled and then boyled altogether againe and well sturred so as they may be incorporated together and made all one substance These kindes of emplaysters or oyntmentes ought in my iudgement to be called as I sayde before rather binding charges then Causticke medicines bicause there be no suche extreme corosiue or burning symples in these as are before recyted Notwithstanding I referre my iudgement to those that be better learned and so ende for feare of being ouer tedious For if I woulde I could take very good occasion here to speake of diuers other medicines wherof some are called Anodiua that is easing paine and griefe Martin calleth them Lynoges which are made of Lynseede Camomile softe grease suche lyke things as are hote in the first degree Some agayne are called Narcotica that is to say astonying or bringing to slepe as those that are made of Opiū Mandragora Popye and suche lyke colde and grosse things And some are called Sarcotica that is breeding flesh as Barlye flower Frankencense And many other kinds of emplaisters ointmēts waters and salues which would occupye a Booke of no small volume to be written hereafter by some other perhappes if not by my selfe And in the meane tyme let this that I haue alredy written suffice Here endeth the order of curing of Horses diseases and here follovveth the true Art of paring and shoing all maner of houes The true Arte of Paring and shooyng all maner of Houes together with the shapes and fygures of dyuers shooes very necessarye for dyuers Houes ¶ In what poyntes the Arte of shooyng doth consist The first Chapter THe Art of shoyng consisteth in these poyntes that is to say in paryng the houe well in making the shoe of good stuffe in well fashioning the webbe thereof well pearring the same in fitting the shooe vnto the horses foote in making nayles of good stuffe and well fashioning of the same and finally in well dryuing of the sayde nayles and clenching of the same But sith neyther paring nor shooing is no absolute thing of it selfe but hath respect vnto the foote or houe for the shoe is to be fitted to the foote and not the foote to the shoe and that there be