gavel-reâ—ter_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o also_o i_o shall_v entreat_v further_o by_o and_o by_o be_v it_o then_o last_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o land_n mere_a descent_n in_o this_o kind_n to_o all_o the_o heir_n alike_o suppose_v a_o plurality_n of_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o regard_n those_o ancestor_n of_o we_o have_v to_o sway_v and_o regulate_v their_o judgement_n by_o to_o who_o the_o name_n the_o term_n do_v owe_v its_o first_o original_n be_v that_o in_o probability_n ground_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o congruity_n and_o suitableness_n of_o the_o name_n to_o and_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v as_o name_n we_o know_v shall_v suis_fw-la be_v vix_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o doubt_v it_o for_o my_o part_n in_o brief_a then_o to_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v 1._o if_o female_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o succession_n as_o well_o as_o male_n where_o the_o male_a issue_n fail_v 2._o if_o collateral_a kindred_n be_v capable_a thereof_o as_o well_o as_o those_o in_o the_o descendent_a line_n where_o such_o heir_n be_v want_v in_o both_o which_o kind_n gavelkynd_n land_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n 3._o if_o corporation_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 4._o if_o such_o land_n may_v be_v pass_v away_o to_o mere_a stranger_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 5._o if_o none_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd-land_n where_o a_o accustomable_a partition_n have_v not_o make_v way_n for_o it_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n that_o be_v not_o call_v gavelkynd_n 7._o if_o gavel_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o word_n find_v in_o some_o record_n of_o land_n out_o of_o kent_n and_o of_o other_o in_o kent_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o derivation_n of_o it_o from_o gifeeal_n without_o absurdity_n 8._o and_o last_o if_o name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v sapient_a name_v then_o be_v gavelkynd_n after_o these_o man_n premise_a derivation_n in_o some_o sort_n a_o very_a scant_a narrow_a and_o partial_a in_o other_o a_o most_o incongruous_a and_o improper_a term_n to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n by_o sure_o there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o peculiar_a to_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o of_o more_o note_n and_o eminency_n in_o it_o better_a serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n than_o this_o derivation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o intimate_v and_o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o that_o name_n upon_o it_o which_o lead_v i_o to_o my_o other_o the_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a proposition_n assert_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o term_n and_o show_v whence_o it_o be_v at_o first_o impose_v and_o afterward_o continue_v wherein_o i_o must_v confess_v mr._n lambard_n be_v as_o happy_a signify_v to_o go_v right_a in_o the_o latter_a of_o his_o two_o conjecture_n as_o he_o be_v before_o unlucky_a to_o miss_v of_o the_o right_n in_o his_o former_a yet_o in_o this_o passive_o unhappy_a though_o that_o the_o former_a through_o the_o advantage_n aforementioned_a whole_o take_v and_o be_v accept_v of_o all_o while_o the_o latter_a be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v of_o none_o but_o no_o great_a marvel_n since_o while_o some_o through_o ignorance_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o other_o haply_o for_o company_n will_v not_o question_v so_o plausible_a a_o derivation_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o such_o as_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o saxon_a monument_n gafol_n be_v a_o word_n very_o obvious_a but_o vary_v sometime_o in_o the_o dialect_n as_o be_v write_v now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n where_o it_o occurr_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n tribute_n mention_v in_o the_o 17_o of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n verse_n 24_o and_o 25_o as_o also_o in_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o evangelist_n verse_n 17_o &_o 19_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a translation_n of_o the_o gospel_n turn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o gospel_n at_o the_o 27_o verse_n it_o serve_v to_o express_v what_o there_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a translation_n be_v call_v in_o some_o book_n advantage_n in_o other_o usury_n agreeable_a to_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a psalter_n psal_n 54._o vers_fw-la 11._o where_o usura_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o marginal_a version_n or_o read_n of_o the_o word_n be_v render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n pag._n 194._o be_v of_o that_o learned_a knight_n expound_v to_o we_o by_o redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la pensiones_fw-la as_o it_o be_v again_o in_o his_o latin_a version_n of_o pope_n agatho's_n decretal_a epistle_n pag._n 164._o of_o the_o same_o council_n by_o redditus_fw-la in_o a_o old_a sanction_n of_o king_n edgar_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aedmerus_fw-la pag._n 153._o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o latin_a read_n solitus_fw-la census_fw-la in_o the_o interlineary_a saxon_a version_n we_o find_v render_v there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v heap_n of_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o exspatiate_v and_o to_o be_v short_a gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o doomsday-book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n elsewhere_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v gabellâ—_n abroad_o viz._n vectigal_n portorium_n tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n to_o which_o with_o 529._o mr._n lambard_n and_o 2._o sr._n edw._n coke_n let_v i_o add_v rent_n witness_n beside_o the_o former_a quotation_n what_o occurr_v in_o a_o ancient_a will_n or_o deed_n cant._n of_o one_o athelwird_n the_o donor_n of_o certain_a land_n at_o ickham_n in_o kent_n to_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n redemption_n 958._o where_o you_o may_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heâ—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o anon_o after_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o passage_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o skilful_a in_o that_o language_n i_o shall_v render_v thus_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a after_o his_o day_n or_o death_n eadrith_n if_o he_o live_v shall_v enjoy_v or_o use_n it_o yield_v that_o rent_n which_o be_v impose_v on_o it_o that_o be_v v_o pound_n and_o every_o year_n or_o yearly_o one_o day_n farm_n or_o victual_n unto_o the_o covent_n that_o be_v xl_o measure_n call_v sextary_n of_o ale_n 12._o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a thus_o with_o the_o same_o or_o like_o rend_v that_o herein_o be_v appoint_v let_v i_o add_v what_o in_o another_o like_a record_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n occurr_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o after_o both_o their_o day_n or_o death_n let_v eadsith_v the_o archbishop_n if_o he_o survive_v they_o have_v or_o take_v these_o land_n or_o else_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v unless_o some_o friend_n of_o they_o by_o or_o with_o the_o arch-bishop_n favour_n may_v continue_v to_o hold_v that_o land_n at_o or_o upon_o the_o accustom_a rent_n ur_fw-la upon_o what_o other_o contract_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v have_v or_o make_v with_o the_o archbishop_n then_o live_v or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o bocking_n a_o know_a place_n in_o essex_n to_o the_o same_o cathedral_n by_o one_o ethelrich_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 997._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o i_o also_o give_v those_o two_o hide_n of_o land_n that_o eadrith_n rent_v or_o hire_v yearly_a for_o half_a a_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o ponere_fw-la terram_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o hire_v or_o let_v out_o land_v by_o or_o for_o rent_n or_o farm_n and_o by_o consequence_n terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la take_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a acception_n be_v land_n hire_v or_o let_v out_o to_o farm_n or_o for_o rent_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o word_n it_o comprehend_v beside_o all_o censual_a or_o tributary_n land_n as_o also_o what_o we_o call_v customary_a land_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o consuetudines_fw-la custom_n denote_v 58._o service_n and_o so_o take_v in_o all_o rent-service_n land_n which_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o call_v the_o
this_o custom_n from_o normandy_n or_o that_o odo_n be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o any_o pattern_n of_o that_o country_n to_o set_v it_o up_o among_o we_o but_o rather_o find_v it_o here_o at_o his_o come_n suppose_v therefore_o such_o a_o universal_a custom_n here_o in_o england_n before_o and_o at_o the_o conquest_n it_o will_v concern_v we_o next_o to_o make_v enquiry_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o all_o the_o realm_n beside_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n discontinue_v it_o kent_z only_o reâ—â—iâ—s_v it_o in_o that_o gonidial_a manner_n at_o lâ—aâ—â—_n whereby_o improcesse_n of_o time_n it_o be_v become_v as_o the_o year-book_n quote_v of_o 538._o mr._n lambard_n phrase_v it_o as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n there_o the_o answer_n must_v be_v but_o conjectural_a since_o record_n herein_o fail_v we_o of_o all_o light_n as_o well_o as_o history_n all_o but_o spot_n who_o for_o the_o reason_n pre-alleaged_n shall_v be_v none_o of_o my_o resolver_n will_v you_o have_v the_o common_a answer_n why_o then_o they_o say_v the_o conqueror_n abrogate_a this_o custom_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n save_v only_o in_o kent_n which_o obtain_v to_o continue_v it_o by_o composition_n with_o he_o when_o they_o meet_v at_o swanescomb_n but_o have_v former_o say_v i_o hope_v enough_o in_o answer_n hereunto_o i_o will_v seek_v further_o and_o try_v if_o some_o other_o more_o probable_a cause_n may_v not_o be_v find_v for_o it_o the_o conqueror_n then_o i_o will_v suppose_v consent_v to_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o custom_n general_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n in_o all_o i_o mean_v but_o knight-service_n land_n the_o descent_n whereof_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n alone_o partly_o for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o realm_n better_a a._n defence_n and_o strengthen_v and_o partly_o for_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintenance_n of_o 7._o gentile_a family_n i_o suppose_v none_o doubt_v to_o be_v less_o ancient_a than_o the_o conquest_n for_o so_o much_o of_o it_o at_o least_o as_o be_v of_o ancient_a tenure_n as_o mr._n lambard_n desire_v to_o qualify_v it_o nay_o and_o seem_v to_o give_v express_a allowance_n to_o it_o without_o distinction_n of_o land_n by_o that_o 36th_o of_o those_o law_n in_o ingulphus_n copy_n which_o after_o the_o conquest_n he_o grant_v to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o the_o title_n of_o they_o intimate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n his_o predecessor_n or_o rather_o say_v council_n some_o of_o the_o confessor_n predecessor_n canutus_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la dividant_a so_o run_v the_o law_n according_a to_o 184._o mr._n selden'_v version_n from_o the_o original_a french_a or_o norman_a some_o haply_o may_v take_v this_o as_o intend_v only_o as_o a_o rule_n for_o good_n not_o for_o land_n too_o but_o to_o that_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o the_o word_n hereditatem_fw-la there_o if_o of_o that_o acception_n then_o as_o since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o that_o construction_n since_o by_o the_o common_a opinion_n both_o of_o elder_n and_o more_o 166._o modern_a lawyer_n nothing_o pass_v with_o we_o here_o in_o england_n jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la but_o only_a fee_n and_o that_o hereditament_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v natural_o and_o of_o course_n descend_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o neither_o to_o the_o executor_n or_o administratour_n as_o chattel_n do_v whence_o that_o of_o littleton_n sect._n 1_o feodum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la answer_v to_o that_o of_o b._n bracton_n long_o before_o he_o feodum_fw-la est_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ex_fw-la quacunque_fw-la causa_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haerâ—dibus_fw-la suis_fw-la see_v to_o this_o purpose_n glanvill_n lib._n â—3_n cap._n 27._o but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o objection_n by_o this_o argument_n objection_n will_n some_o say_v you_o restrain_v and_o tiâ—_n up_o the_o constitution_n to_o land_n only_o exclude_v good_n or_o chattel_n as_o our_o lawyer_n call_v they_o from_o what_o ground_n see_v in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n capital_a to_o which_o add_v freherus_n his_o note_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n publish_v anno_fw-la 1610._o precept_n the_o last_o to_o construe_v it_o i_o solution_n must_v confess_v or_o of_o either_o single_o or_o alone_o be_v in_o my_o judgement_n too_o much_o to_o restrain_v and_o straighten_v it_o and_o in_o â—ffect_n to_o conclude_v it_o a_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a constitution_n order_v the_o intestate_a dead_a man_n estate_n and_o the_o disposal_n thereof_o but_o to_o half_n as_o we_o say_v wherefore_o i_o conceive_v that_o to_o take_v the_o word_n inheritance_n here_o to_o comprehend_v both_o as_o i_o suppose_v aehâ—e_n do_v in_o that_o 68_o of_o canutus_n law_n whereto_o this_o here_o if_o it_o be_v not_o take_v thence_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v some_o reference_n be_v solution_n not_o more_o reasonable_a than_o to_o understand_v it_o eiâ—her_o of_o chattel_n or_o lâ—nds_v single_o seem_v to_o i_o otherwise_o why_o but_o then_o say_v they_o you_o admit_v of_o a_o poâ—eâ—_n of_o devise_v inheritance_n by_o will_n and_o consequent_o make_v fâ—e_n and_o freehold_n deviseable_a and_o that_o by_o law_n argue_v from_o those_o word_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la ob_fw-la erit_fw-la etc._n etc._n â—rue_a distinguish_v time_n for_o â—_o take_v it_o nothing_o be_v more_o usual_a in_o those_o b._n time_n i_o mean_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o this_o if_o you_o maâ—k_v it_o be_v original_o a_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n or_o rather_o of_o canutus_n his_o predecessor_n than_o to_o deuâ—se_n and_o give_v land_n away_o by_o will_n though_o therein_o they_o recede_v from_o their_o first_o copy_n the_o german_a custom_n of_o nullum_fw-la testamenâ—um_fw-la a_o provision_n afterward_o receive_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o thus_o have_v it_o hoâ—omâ—nnus_fw-la nulla_fw-la ordinatione_fw-la defuncti_fw-la in_o feudo_fw-la manente_fw-la vel_fw-la valente_fw-la it_o be_v then_o i_o say_v a_o usual_a thing_n with_o their_o lord_n consent_v at_o least_o to_o dispose_v of_o their_o land_n by_o will_n especial_o their_o bocland_n thence_o haply_o among_o other_o title_n give_v it_o as_o be_v sometime_o term_v and_o turn_v ruffian_n alodium_n otherwhile_o a._n terra_fw-la hereditaria_fw-la often_o jâ—râ—al_n terra_fw-la libera_fw-la not_o seldom_o call_v bocland_n terra_fw-la testamentalis_fw-la that_o be_v as_o a_o old_a leiger-book_n in_o guildhall_n london_n expound_v it_o terra_fw-la quam_fw-la homo_fw-la potuit_fw-la in_o lâ—cto_fw-la svo_fw-la languens_fw-la legare_fw-la with_o this_o limitation_n notwithstanding_o that_o such_o bocland_n be_v not_o by_o precaution_n in_o the_o original_a gift_n or_o grant_n liable_a to_o that_o or_o the_o like_a restriction_n in_o point_n of_o alienation_n occur_v in_o the_o 37th_o of_o king_n alfred_n law_n which_o nevertheless_o extend_v bâ—t_v to_o stranger_n a_o man_n be_v there_o forbid_v to_o alienate_v his_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n â—xtra_fw-la cognationem_fw-la vel_fw-la progeniem_fw-la or_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n phrase_n extra_fw-la familiam_fw-la from_o his_o own_o kindred_n or_o family_n whence_o perchance_o it_o come_v afterward_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o such_o terragentilitia_n the_o heir_n concurrence_n be_v require_v and_o use_v in_o the_o alienation_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o dispose_v land_n by_o wâ—ll_n i_o mean_v may_v be_v give_v in_o abundance_n but_o a_o few_o may_v serve_v the_o turn_n to_o pass_v over_o as_o obvious_a because_o public_a king_n alfred_n will_v at_o the_o â—nd_n of_o his_o act_n and_o life_n by_o asserius_fw-la though_o i_o may_v here_o perhaps_o not_o impertinent_o take_v up_o that_o of_o regis_fw-la ad_fw-la exâ—mplum_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o let_v that_o pass_v i_o say_v as_o also_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n to_o omit_v byrhâ—riâ—ks_n will_v of_o mepham_n in_o kent_n extant_a in_o the_o perambulation_n pag_n 492._o whereunto_o if_o need_n be_v i_o can_v add_v many_o more_o example_n as_o well_o out_o of_o st._n alban_n private_a history_n now_o of_o late_o make_v public_a by_o my_o decease_a friend_n dr._n watts_n as_o from_o the_o record_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o beside_o the_o copy_n of_o some_o whole_a will_n i_o have_v by_o i_o several_a extract_n to_o let_v all_o these_o pass_n i_o say_v i_o shall_v only_o instance_n in_o a_o will_n or_o two_o one_o of_o a_o very_a eminent_a personage_n a_o etheling_n monarch_n prince_n ethelstan_n by_o name_n the_o son_n of_o king_n ethelred_n which_o i_o shall_v set_v before_o you_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 18_o as_o scriptura_fw-la 22_o the_o other_o with_o some_o imperfection_n and_o misprision_n here_o and_o there_o i_o confess_v but_o through_o the_o transcriber_n fault_n that_o enter_v they_o in_o the_o leaguer_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o ignorance_n it_o shall_v seem_v of_o
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o â—o_o be_v lâ—w._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v
history_n â—ol_n 38._o verstegan_n in_o his_o antiquity_n pag._n â—7_n archbishop_n parker_n in_o his_o antiquitates_fw-la britannicae_n pag._n 108._o and_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la though_o afterward_o in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 545._o he_o be_v find_v to_o cross_v himself_o herein_o by_o say_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n brother_n now_o it_o be_v true_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o by_o these_o law_n of_o canutus_n inheritance_n be_v partible_a but_o how_o it_o may_v be_v equal_o like_o our_o gavelkynd_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v nor_o do_v the_o word_n enforce_v it_o it_o be_v order_v there_o indeed_o that_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v make_v in_o the_o one_o between_z or_o among_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n by_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o heir_n among_o themselves_o in_o both_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d emne_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n equal_o but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o former_a more_o explicit_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n according_a to_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n unicuique_fw-la secundùm_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la here_o be_v now_o no_o equal_a division_n speak_v of_o no_o equal_v the_o young_a with_o the_o elder_a brethren_n or_o the_o like_a but_o the_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v shift_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n according_a to_o right_n just_o or_o if_o you_o will_v after_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o latter_a law_n in_o brampton_n be_v the_o same_o verbatim_o with_o that_o in_o mr._n lambard_n a._n elsewhere_o rectè_fw-la every_o one_o to_o have_v his_o due_a haply_o after_o a_o geometrical_a not_o arithmetical_a proportion_n again_o not_o by_o equal_a proportion_n in_o point_n of_o good_n at_o least_o for_o each_o be_v to_o partake_v thereof_o as_o in_o the_o gavelkynd_n partition_n 49._o in_o ireland_n each_o one_o a_o part_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n degree_n or_o desert_n prorata_fw-la happy_o their_o reasonable_a part_n whence_o indeed_o some_o do_v fetch_v and_o ground_n a_o writ_n we_o have_v among_o we_o call_v rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la concern_v which_o there_o be_v a_o question_n in_o our_o book_n whether_o it_o lie_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n only_o of_o some_o 18._o country_n and_o who_o footstep_n may_v be_v trace_v in_o venerable_a bede_n english_a saxon_n ecclesiastical_a history_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 13._o but_o of_o this_o matter_n more_o anon_o at_o the_o close_a or_o foot_n of_o this_o proposition_n or_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n juxta_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n in_o like_a case_n use_v to_o speak_v or_o pro_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la domini_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la who_o place_n by_o provision_n of_o succeed_a time_n both_o here_o and_o in_o scotland_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o 30._o ordinary_a first_o joint_o with_o the_o decease_v friend_n afterward_o without_o they_o and_o alone_o as_o haply_o more_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n as_o more_o know_v so_o more_o careful_a to_o deal_v upright_o though_o it_o be_v utter_o unknown_a or_o uncertain_a when_o this_o trust_n begin_v by_o write_a law_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o ordinary_a if_o i_o may_v guess_v about_o what_o time_n that_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o like_a in_o 21._o normandy_n whereof_o in_o matth._n paris_n history_n anno_fw-la 1190._o pag._n 161._o edit_n ult_n or_o else_o to_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o right_n i._n e._n custom_n or_o right_a as_o it_o be_v order_v and_o direct_v or_o temper_v by_o the_o usage_n of_o several_a place_n for_o utinam_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la provinvincia_fw-la abundat_fw-la svo_fw-la sensu_fw-la apposite_z and_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o observation_n of_o a_o late_a compendious_a 1._o historian_n of_o our_o own_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o confessor_n collection_n and_o compilement_n of_o as_o it_o be_v a_o codex_fw-la legum_n whither_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o original_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la a_o standard-law_n to_o be_v currant_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n before_o these_o collection_n say_v he_o of_o the_o confessor_n there_o be_v no_o universal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o every_o several_a province_n hold_v their_o several_a custom_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o humber_n to_o scotland_n use_v the_o danique_a law_n merchenland_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v their_o several_a constitution_n as_o be_v several_a dominion_n and_o though_o for_o some_o few_o year_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o reduction_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o long_o together_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o succession_n of_o a_o break_a government_n as_o to_o settle_v one_o form_n of_o order_n currant_n over_o all_o but_o that_o every_o province_n according_a to_o their_o particular_a founder_n have_v their_o custom_n apart_o and_o hold_v nothing_o in_o common_a beside_o religion_n and_o the_o constitution_n thereof_o but_o with_o the_o universality_n of_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la order_v according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o that_o jus_fw-la innatum_fw-la the_o common_a law_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o we_o see_v to_o be_v as_o universal_a as_o be_v the_o cohabitation_n and_o society_n of_o man_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n to_o hold_v they_o together_o in_o all_o country_n howsoever_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o their_o form_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v admit_v these_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o cnutes_n law_n to_o be_v national_a as_o by_o their_o preface_n that_o i_o mean_v of_o the_o second_o part_n contain_v his_o secular_a or_o politic_a constitution_n they_o be_v apparent_o no_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o i_o take_v it_o these_o law_n 68_o and_o 75._o conclude_v not_o for_o a_o national_a general_a or_o universal_a descent_n of_o inheritance_n by_o a_o equal_a or_o arithmetical_a division_n among_o all_o the_o child_n or_o heir_n nor_o indeed_o for_o more_o than_o this_o that_o a_o partition_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o in_o point_n of_o proportion_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o what_o pro_fw-la more_fw-it patriae_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o in_o point_n of_o good_n juxta_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la domini_fw-la be_v just_a and_o fit_a there_o be_v no_o precedent_n general_a law_n or_o canon_n here_o now_o extant_a at_o least_o to_o regulate_v or_o give_v direction_n in_o case_n but_o if_o not_o national_o for_o to_o give_v one_o instance_n instead_o of_o many_o thoroldus_fw-la in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o to_o croyland_n abbey_n record_v by_o a._n ingulphus_n make_v mention_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o kinsman_n earl_n algar_n the_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o leofric_n earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o his_o countess_n godiva_n thorolds_n sister_n in_o the_o year_n 1051._o yet_o i_o be_o content_v to_o admit_v and_o agree_v that_o provincial_o and_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n we_o have_v such_o a_o custom_n both_o before_o and_o at_o the_o conquest_n neither_o be_o i_o against_o their_o opinion_n who_o affirm_v the_o like_a course_n and_o custom_n currant_n in_o those_o time_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n as_o not_o be_v desirous_a to_o insist_v much_o upon_o this_o example_n in_o thoroldus_fw-la charter_n or_o any_o such_o like_a to_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o present_a though_o i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o can_v concludent_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o authority_n they_o seem_v to_o go_v upon_o those_o law_n of_o canutus_n nevertheless_o be_v it_o so_o for_o though_o some_o will_v say_v the_o conqueror_n find_v it_o not_o here_o but_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o brother_n odo_n bring_v it_o hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n and_o by_o the_o pattern_n and_o practice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n plant_v it_o here_o how_o can_v this_o stand_v with_o spot_n story_n by_o the_o way_n yet_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n for_o have_v it_o be_v from_o thence_o transplant_v hither_o probable_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o kent_n a_o corner_n only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o have_v spread_v itself_o rather_o over_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o conqueror_n mean_v who_o inclination_n and_o endeavour_n to_o propagate_v and_o implant_v here_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v too_o eminent_a and_o notorious_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o it_o be_v nothing_o probable_a then_o what_o some_o have_v deem_v that_o we_o borrow_v
against_o it_o by_o the_o same_o swinbourne_n fol._n 113._o a._n give_v place_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o tripartite_a division_n witness_n beside_o mr._n lambard_n perambul_n pag._n 561._o what_o in_o a_o book_n late_o publish_v entitle_v the_o city-law_n and_o say_v to_o be_v translate_v from_o a_o ancient_a french_a manuscript_n pag._n 7._o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o word_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o when_o a_o citizen_n of_o the_o same_o city_n london_n have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o die_v all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n of_o the_o say_a party_n decease_v after_o his_o debt_n be_v pay_v shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o one_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o dead_a and_o shall_v be_v distribute_v for_o his_o soul_n benefit_n and_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v to_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o three_o part_n to_o his_o child_n to_o be_v equal_o share_v between_o they_o notwithstanding_o any_o will_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_a etc._n etc._n but_o to_o proceed_v although_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n one_o and_o all_o seem_v to_o conclude_v for_o this_o rule_n or_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o obtain_v and_o take_v place_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o as_o this_o course_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v they_o but_z except_o where_o particular_a custom_n such_o as_o that_o whereon_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n be_v ground_v keep_v it_o up_o at_o length_n grow_v into_o disuse_a in_o the_o case_n both_o of_o testate_a and_o intestate_a person_n witness_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n the_o liberty_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n general_o use_v at_o pleasure_n to_o dispose_v of_o personal_a estate_n make_v by_o will_n and_o on_o the_o other_o the_o ordinary_n well-known_a power_n of_o distribution_n of_o intestates_fw-la good_n which_o be_v not_o without_o warrant_n from_o that_o clause_n at_o the_o end_n of_o magna_n charta_n 18_o chap._n whereof_o in_o matthew_n paris_n and_o executio_fw-la elsewhere_o so_o with_o all_o these_o passage_n in_o glanvill_n bracton_n and_o fleta_n be_v so_o inconsistent_a with_o what_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n themselves_o with_o almost_o the_o same_o breath_n deliver_v that_o i_o know_v not_o how_o possible_o to_o reconcile_v they_o whereof_o the_o former_a thus_o potest_fw-la enim_fw-la quilibet_fw-la homo_fw-la libre_fw-la majoribus_fw-la debitis_fw-la non_fw-la involutus_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o infirmitate_fw-la sua_fw-la rationabilem_fw-la divisam_fw-la facere_fw-la sub_fw-la hac_fw-la forma_fw-la secundùm_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la patriae_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la primò_fw-la de_fw-la meliore_fw-la &_o principaliore_fw-la re_fw-la quam_fw-la habet_fw-la recognoscat_fw-la deinde_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la postea_fw-la vero_fw-la alius_fw-la personas_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la quicquid_fw-la autem_fw-la diversarum_fw-la patriarum_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la teneant_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jura_fw-la regni_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o testamento_fw-la svo_fw-la alicui_fw-la personae_fw-la praecipuè_fw-la nisi_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la sua_fw-la aliquid_fw-la relinquere_fw-la libera_fw-la enim_fw-la dicitur_fw-la esse_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la ultima_fw-la voluntas_fw-la secundùm_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o secundùm_fw-la alius_fw-la leges_fw-la the_o other_o two_o to_o one_o effect_n thus_o cuilibet_fw-la autem_fw-la sit_fw-la licitum_fw-la facere_fw-la testamentum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la suis_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o se_fw-la moventibus_fw-la &_o quatenus_fw-la superfuerit_fw-la deducto_fw-la aere_fw-la alieno_fw-la scilicet_fw-la debitis_fw-la aliorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v the_o same_o man_n more_o than_o seem_v to_o fight_v with_o and_o contradict_v themselves_o and_o how_o to_o set_v they_o agree_v be_v past_o my_o skill_n but_o indeed_o vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a since_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v what_o some_o eager_o contend_v for_o this_o rule_n and_o order_n of_o partition_n to_o have_v sometime_o be_v by_o law_n currant_n throughout_o the_o realm_n yet_o by_o general_a disusage_n and_o discontinuance_n it_o be_v now_o and_o that_o not_o late_o antiquate_v and_o vanish_v out_o of_o ure_n both_o in_o this_o of_o kent_n and_o other_o county_n survive_v only_o for_o aught_o i_o hear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o york_n and_o some_o few_o city_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v ever_o be_v revive_v at_o least_o in_o the_o case_n of_o testate_a person_n until_o first_o some_o way_n may_v if_o possible_o be_v find_v how_o to_o dissolve_v this_o knot_n and_o remove_v this_o rub_n of_o flat_a repugnancy_n and_o disagreement_n of_o those_o ancient_a author_n the_o vouch_a patron_n for_o it_o with_o themselves_o in_o the_o point_n i_o for_o my_o part_n save_v better_a judgement_n see_v but_o little_a reason_n and_o further_o than_o thus_o dare_v not_o in_o a_o case_n so_o controvert_v and_o canvas_v by_o learned_a and_o judicious_a lawyer_n interpose_v any_o judgement_n of_o my_o own_o proposition_n iu._n whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o usher_v in_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o quaere_fw-la with_o some_o digression_n concern_v tenor_n face_v then_o about_o and_o look_v back_o upon_o the_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n inquire_v we_o out_o the_o tenor_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o then_o in_o use_n and_o what_o other_o succeed_v in_o their_o place_n afterward_o at_o and_o since_o the_o conquest_n here_o i_o expect_v it_o shall_v be_v grant_v for_o it_o be_v avouch_v i_o be_o sure_a by_o several_a feuâ—um_n man_n of_o credit_n that_o before_o the_o conquest_n we_o be_v not_o in_o this_o kingdom_n acquaint_v with_o what_o since_o and_o to_o this_o day_n we_o call_v feoda_n foreiner_n feuda_n i._n e._n fief_n or_o fee_n either_o in_o that_o general_a sense_n i_o mean_v wherein_o they_o be_v discourse_v of_o and_o handle_v abroad_o in_o the_o book_n thence_o entitle_v de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la at_o home_n in_o that_o call_v littleton_n tenor_n or_o in_o that_o particular_o understand_v of_o we_o when_o we_o treat_v or_o speak_v of_o knights-fee_n which_o can_v not_o then_o be_v know_v here_o when_o knight_n themselves_o be_v not_o in_o be_v as_o say_v a_o record_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o more_o 21._o anon_o they_o be_v not_o till_o the_o conqueror_n time_n or_o if_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v know_v to_o we_o yet_o in_o term_n certain_o they_o be_v not_o for_o the_o name_n of_o fee_n or_o feudum_n in_o this_o sense_n be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o our_o record_n or_o monument_n of_o those_o day_n now_o extant_a and_o of_o credit_n if_o myself_o and_o other_o have_v not_o be_v more_o unhappy_a to_o miss_v it_o than_o indiligent_a to_o seek_v it_o it_o be_v true_a it_o occurr_v in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o of_o the_o law_n ascribe_v to_o the_o confessor_n set_v forth_o by_o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la there_o in_o the_o margin_n but_o beside_o that_o the_o text_n in_o each_o place_n read_v it_o fundo_n those_o law_n i_o take_v it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o as_o to_o their_o phrase_n carry_v not_o that_o antiquity_n but_o like_o those_o of_o like_a kind_n in_o scotland_n ascribe_v to_o king_n malcolm_n the_o 1._o second_o and_o king_n alureds_n will_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o story_n of_o his_o life_n pen_v by_o asserius_fw-la where_o the_o word_n several_a time_n occurr_n savour_v of_o a_o late_a dress_n the_o like_v no_o doubt_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o that_o qui_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n follow_v those_o in_o the_o original_a saxon_a set_v forth_o in_o the_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o council_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n pag._n 446._o and_o may_v we_o not_o upon_o this_o among_o other_o ground_n question_v those_o charter_n in_o croyland_n ingulphus_n thus_o far_o i_o mean_v as_o to_o doubt_v whether_o many_o if_o not_o the_o most_o of_o they_o speak_v not_o another_o than_o that_o tongue_n in_o which_o they_o be_v original_o pen_v as_o be_v by_o the_o author_n though_o english_a bear_v yet_o afterward_o normanize_v by_o converse_v there_o some_o time_n as_o a_o retainer_n and_o secretary_n to_o duke_n william_n afterward_o conqueror_n and_o king_n of_o england_n who_o story_n be_v pen_v in_o latin_a the_o better_a to_o suit_v with_o it_o teach_v to_o speak_v the_o latin_a of_o his_o time_n and_o late_a master_n native_a country_n upon_o this_o ground_n i_o say_v that_o among_o many_o other_o phrase_n scatter_v here_o and_o there_o not_o in_o use_n with_o the_o saxon_n nor_o ever_o hear_v of_o here_o in_o england_n till_o about_o ingulphus_n own_o time_n such_o as_o averia_fw-la ballivus_fw-la bedellus_fw-la communa_fw-la pasturae_fw-la justiciarius_n for_o be_v factura_fw-la tenura_n weif_n stray_v with_o many_o more_o such_o like_a which_o i_o forbear_v to_o name_n in_o this_o
at_o paroc-time_n that_o be_v when_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n and_o tenant_n meet_v upon_o the_o place_n in_o the_o weald_n to_o hold_v a_o paroc_n a_o courtlike_a kind_n paroc_n of_o meeting_n whereof_o i_o have_v by_o i_o a_o record_n of_o some_o keep_v about_o edw._n 1._o time_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o forest_n swainemote_n where_o inter_fw-la alia_fw-la and_o account_n be_v take_v of_o this_o service_n in_o particular_a and_o general_o of_o what_o hog_n or_o swine_n have_v be_v take_v in_o to_o feed_v and_o fatten_v the_o year_n past_a or_o the_o last_o pawnage_n or_o masting-time_n and_o rend_v according_o pay_v and_o receive_v for_o the_o same_o hence_o i_o take_v it_o from_o paroc_n i_o mean_v the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n by_o bleane-wood_n near_o canterbury_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o paddock_n for_o the_o paroc_n sometime_o write_v and_o call_v wood-lode_n wald_n load_n gavelwood_n and_o other_o while_n by_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o syllable_n wood-gavel_a a_o custom_n or_o service_n incident_a to_o some_o tenant_n to_o carry_v home_o their_o lord_n wood_n for_o he_o a_o old_a sup_n accompt-roll_n sans_o date_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n in_o southmalling_a have_v this_o mention_n of_o it_o in_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v et_fw-la de_fw-la xviij_o s._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr fine_a cariandi_fw-la gavelwood_n de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la it_o often_o occur_v in_o like_a record_n of_o divers_a other_o manor_n under_o that_o diversity_n of_o name_n a_o certain_a measure_n of_o rentale_n among_o the_o article_n gavels_a to_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o steward_n and_o bailive_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n infra_fw-la cantiam_fw-la according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accountable_a this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v one_o de_n gavelsester_n cujuslibet_fw-la bracini_fw-la braciati_fw-la infra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la viz._n unam_fw-la lagenam_fw-la &_o dimidium_fw-la cervisiae_fw-la another_o old_a record_n call_v it_o tolsester_n in_o these_o word_n de_fw-fr tolsester_fw-fr cervis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la tol-s_a quolibet_fw-la bracino_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la unam_fw-la lagenam_fw-la de_fw-la cervis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o old_a book_n of_o the_o same_o cathedral_n among_o the_o rent_n of_o assize_n of_o halton_n manor_n in_o be_v undoubted_o the_o same_o in_o lieu_n whereof_o the_o abbot_n of_o abbington_n be_v wont_n of_o custom_n to_o receive_v that_o penny_n mention_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o learned_a dissertation_n annex_v unto_o fleta_n new_o publish_v cap._n 8._o num_fw-la 3._o and_o there_o by_o some_o mistake_n haply_o of_o the_o printer_n term_v colcester_n penny_n for_o tols_a penny_n nor_o differ_v it_o i_o take_v it_o from_o what_o in_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n be_v call_v oate-gavel_a oate-gavel_a a_o service_n charge_v upon_o tenant_n for_o example_n in_o gavelwerk_a charing_n manor_n in_o kent_n a_o old_a sup_n rental_a whereof_o of_o edw._n 1._o time_n have_v it_o thus_o grenehelle_n eadmundus_n filius_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-fr grenehelle_n de_fw-fr uno_fw-la jugo_fw-la debet_fw-la etc._n etc._n arabit_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la 6._o pedes_fw-la &_o metet_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la dimid_n &_o 9_o pedes_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelwerk_n this_o admit_v also_o of_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o syllable_n be_v sometime_o find_v write_v werk-gavel_a in_o barbarous_a latin_a werkgabulum_n as_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n manor_n of_o tunebrugge_n now_o call_v tunbridge_n of_o hen._n 3._o time_n and_o signify_v rent-work_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o personal_a by_o the_o tenant_n person_n which_o they_o call_v manuopera_n the_o other_o by_o his_o carriage_n thence_o term_v manuopera_fw-la carropera_n and_o they_o both_o meet_v i_o take_v it_o in_o villein_n call_v carropera_fw-la gaigneurs_n in_o a_o old_a custumal_a of_o our_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n gavelfother_n manor_n of_o clyne_n in_o kent_n i_o find_v they_o thus_o couple_v de_n gavelnoht_fw-mi well_fw-mi gavelfother_n de_fw-fr ostreland_n the_o latter_a seem_v to_o expound_v the_o former_a show_v they_o both_o to_o import_v what_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v rentfodder_n the_o latter_a word_n in_o which_o composition_n come_v as_o i_o suppose_v of_o the_o teutonick_n voeder_n or_o the_o german_a fodrum_n futer_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n pronounce_v fodder_n of_o the_o feudist_n it_o be_v call_v fodrum_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v such_o as_o desire_v a_o further_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o the_o learned_a hotoman_a i_o take_v it_o be_v more_o copious_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o commentary_n de_fw-fr verbis_fw-la feudalibus_fw-la in_fw-la voce_fw-la let_v they_o also_o have_v recourse_n to_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n in_o verbo_fw-la fodrum_n in_o the_o custumal_a of_o the_o same_o church_n manor_n of_o gavelbred_n chatham_n in_o kent_n it_o occur_v thus_o allocantur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelbred_a ad_fw-la herdemet_fw-la iij._o sum_n dimid_n it_o be_v the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o which_o i_o find_v elsewhere_o thus_o express_v in_o pane_fw-la ad_fw-la gavelbred_a de_fw-fr consuetudine_fw-la arantium_fw-la &_o metentium_fw-la ij_o sum_fw-la so_o a_o accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o charing_n manor_n in_o edw._n 1._o time_n nor_o be_v it_o probable_o any_o other_o than_o what_o in_o the_o custumal_a averbr_v of_o west-farlegh_a manor_n in_o kent_n be_v term_v averbr_v allocantur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la pro_fw-la averbr_v iij._o s._n ij_o d._n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o proportion_n of_o food_n or_o victual_n allow_v to_o the_o base_a sort_n of_o tenant_n such_o as_o the_o custumarii_n cotarii_fw-la villani_n and_o the_o like_a the_o gaigneurs_n towards_o their_o coredy_a or_o sustentation_n gaigneurâ—_n during_o their_o employment_n in_o the_o villein-service_n of_o their_o lord_n such_o as_o those_o reckon_v up_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o mirroir_n chap._n 2._o sect_n 28._o where_o he_o say_v et_fw-la ascuns_fw-la per_fw-la villein_n custom_n do_v ar_a ower_n charrier_n sarclir_n fauchir_o scier_fw-la tasser_n batre_n ou_fw-fr tielx_fw-fr autres_fw-fr manner_n d'_fw-fr service_fw-fr which_o be_v not_o always_o attend_v with_o such_o allowance_n whence_o my_o author_n go_v on_o add_v &_o ascun_fw-la foit_n sans_o reprise_n d'_fw-fr manger_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o particular_a rent_n and_o service_n who_o name_n begin_v with_o gavel_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n cap._n 44._o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o end_n with_o it_o of_o which_o the_o first_o four_o wood-gavel_a werk-gavel_a corn-gavel_a swine-gavel_a corn-gavel_a have_v their_o several_a exposition_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n viz._n in_o the_o former_a list_n of_o service_n who_o name_n begin_v with_o gavel_n i_o pass_v from_o they_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o like_a termination_n in_o the_o conqueror_n and_o some_o succeed_a king_n peny-gavel_a charter_n make_v to_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n at_o canterbury_n the_o present_a service_n occurr_n by_o the_o name_n of_o gabulum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la the_o tithe_n whereof_o here_o except_v from_o these_o be_v elsewhere_o grant_v unto_o other_o monk_n whereof_o see_v mr._n selden'_v history_n of_o tithe_n pag._n 321_o 330_o 331._o it_o be_v a_o rent_n usual_o reserve_v and_o pay_v in_o money_n witness_v the_o mention_n and_o description_n of_o it_o without_o composition_n between_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o man_n of_o thanet_n whereof_o before_o in_o gavel-corn_n and_o speak_v thus_o tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la abbate_n &_o coventu_fw-la &_o praedecessoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la per_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la &_o per_fw-la redditum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la vocatum_fw-la peny_n gavel_n viz._n reddendo_fw-la annuatim_fw-la eisdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o coventui_n &_o eorum_fw-la successoribus_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la swillinga_fw-mi dictarum_fw-la xlij_o swillingarum_fw-la in_o festo_fw-la s._n martini_n in_o hyeme_n decem_fw-la &_o novem_fw-la solidos_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr praedicta_fw-la quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_n in_fw-la eodem_fw-la festo_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quatuor_fw-la solidos_fw-la &_o undecim_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la qualibit_fw-la acra_fw-la dictarum_fw-la xxxviij_o acrarum_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la swilling-land_n in_o eodem_fw-la festo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la redditus_fw-la easdem_fw-la xxxviij_o acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la contingentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o custumal_a of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n maltgavel_a manor_n of_o mepham_n in_o kent_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rent_n service_n there_o this_o occur_v for_o one_o de_n xxj_o sum_n iiij_o bush_n de_fw-fr maltgavel_n etc._n etc._n it_o signify_v rent-malt_n and_o be_v the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o that_o in_o another_o like_a record_n a_o old_a rental_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v malt_n shoot_v and_o thus_o express_v there_o de_fw-fr malt_n shoot_v termino_fw-la shot_n
and_o condition_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a and_o liable_a to_o what_o the_o civilian_n in_o their_o phrase_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v judicium_fw-la or_o actio_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la paâ—ceners_n dividundo_fw-la the_o feudist_n adaequatio_fw-la paragium_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n term_v it_o coparcenary_a land-shifting_a and_o the_o like_a but_o withal_o so_o subject_a to_o it_o as_o that_o partition_n do_v always_o accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o contrary_a from_o knight-service_n land_n whence_o then_o be_v it_o before_o i_o answer_v observe_v first_o with_o i_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o these_o passage_n in_o bracton_n that_o as_o before_o each_o of_o they_o in_o one_o â—_o place_n we_o have_v his_o si_fw-la haereâ—itas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la so_o likewise_o after_o they_o in_o another_o 2._o place_n his_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la &_o sempeâ—_n solet_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la whereby_o confer_v place_n with_o place_n for_o reconcile_a bracton_n to_o himself_o we_o may_v plain_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o those_o two_o meâ—ne_n or_o intervening_a passage_n in_o bracton_n namely_o that_o not_o the_o bare_a nature_n of_o the_o land_n but_o ancient_a custom_n joynâ—_n concurrence_n with_o it_o be_v intend_v and_o of_o he_o imply_v in_o each_o place_n though_o not_o express_v to_o render_v the_o land_n or_o inheritance_n partible_a the_o like_a help_n under_o favour_n must_v be_v allow_v glanvill_n to_o reconcile_v he_o sciendum_fw-la autem_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la liberum_fw-la habens_fw-la socagium_fw-la plures_fw-la habuerit_fw-la filios_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la equaliter_fw-la pro_fw-la equalibus_fw-la proportionibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la admittendi_fw-la lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o fol._n 46._o a._n to_o he_o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n equales_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la eod_fw-la lib._n cap._n 3._o fol._n 49._o a._n brief_o be_v it_o so_o that_o gavelkind-land_n be_v partible_a by_o virtue_n either_o of_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o it_o without_o accession_n and_o concurrence_n of_o custom_n than_o all_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o grant_v out_o in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a and_o till_o the_o 1._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la frequent_a be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr contrary_a to_o that_o common_a and_o receive_a ground_n whereof_o before_o that_o none_o be_v such_o i._n e._n partible_a with_o we_o except_o that_o descend_v for_o want_n of_o male_n to_o female_n but_o what_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o than_o not_o to_o the_o name_n so_o neither_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o be_v such_o partition_n owe_v and_o be_v it_o then_o to_o custom_n or_o prescription_n for_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v clear_o repugnant_a to_o what_o be_v before_o lay_v down_o by_o way_n of_o ground_n or_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o know_a rule_n in_o our_o law_n and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n that_o prescription_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n as_o it_o be_v not_o want_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o admit_v to_o come_v in_o plea._n what_o say_v we_o then_o to_o custom_n sure_o since_o neither_o to_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o neither_o to_o the_o common_a law_n so_o diametrical_o opposite_a to_o it_o to_o that_o i_o mean_v to_o custom_n it_o be_v or_o i_o know_v not_o else_o to_o what_o that_o this_o partition_n main_o owe_v itself_o agreeable_a whereto_o be_v that_o of_o 5â—4_n mr._n lambard_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o gavelkynd_n partition_n can_v be_v challenge_v but_o only_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o division_n have_v prevail_v and_o that_o gavelkynd_n be_v not_o try_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o socage_n service_n but_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o some_o former_a partition_n but_o if_o so_o than_o a_o objection_n here_o meet_v we_o resolve_v into_o a_o question_n thus_o what_o shall_v then_o be_v say_v to_o gavelkynd_n land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n upon_o the_o grant_n of_o land_n â—ill_v then_o happy_o hold_v in_o demesne_n to_o one_o or_o more_o person_n in_o gavelkynd_n as_o be_v usual_a before_o that_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la and_o until_o when_o a_o man_n may_v create_v in_o his_o land_n what_o tenure_n he_o please_v grant_v out_o as_o â—_o bracton_n have_v it_o in_o socage_n what_o he_o hold_v in_o knight-service_n and_o è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la what_o i_o say_v shall_v we_o resolve_v concern_v the_o point_n of_o partition_n here_o since_o no_o particular_a custom_n or_o usage_n of_o partition_n have_v ever_o take_v place_n to_o give_v to_o such_o division_n either_o foundation_n or_o precedent_n we_o be_v here_o i_o think_v threaten_v with_o a_o dilemma_n for_o either_o the_o land_n be_v not_o partible_a dilemma_n and_o why_o then_o call_v gavelkynd_n or_o if_o partible_a yet_o not_o by_o custom_n be_v but_o new_o turn_v from_o some_o other_o tenure_n into_o gavelkynd_n and_o want_v both_o time_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o it_o usage_n the_o b._n essential_n of_o a_o custom_n to_o render_v it_o partible_a that_o way_n here_o then_o be_v work_n for_o a_o oedipus_n but_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o main_a doubt_n to_o which_o i_o will_v now_o more_o close_o apply_v my_o stile_n will_v at_o once_o clear_a both_o truth_n be_v then_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o from_o custom_n alone_o nor_o yet_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o that_o this_o partition_n spring_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o one_o partly_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o from_o both_o together_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o gavelkynd_n land_n ex_fw-la svi_fw-la naturâ_fw-la be_v partible_a thus_o far_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o by_o a_o inherent_a quality_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n by_o custom_n that_o indeed_o may_v and_o do_v render_v it_o partible_a as_o knight-service_n land_n proper_o it_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o repugnancy_n thereto_o in_o the_o nature_n thereof_o but_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n which_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a where_o the_o plea_n i_o take_v it_o ought_v to_o run_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la agreeable_a with_o that_o of_o glanvill_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la which_o bracton_n seem_v somewhat_o more_o full_o to_o explain_v by_o he_o si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la now_o then_o reddendo_fw-la singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la that_o such_o land_n be_v partibilis_fw-la ay_o e._n partible_a the_o former_a part_n of_o plea_n be_v in_o kent_z from_o gavelkynd_n elsewhere_o in_o particular_a manor_n at_o least_o from_o socage_n that_o it_o be_v or_o rather_o be_v antiquitùs_fw-la partita_fw-la i._n e._n ancient_o part_v the_o plea_n latter_a part_n be_v from_o custom_n or_o prescription_n partition_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n in_o our_o gavelkynd_n be_v but_o a_o single_a property_n or_o branch_n thereof_o induce_v by_o custom_n the_o term_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n comprehend_v all_o other_o property_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o tenure_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n suffer_v for_o felony_n without_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o the_o rest_n contain_v in_o the_o kentish_a custumal_a as_o proper_o depend_v of_o gavelkynd_n as_o partition_n do_v and_o in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o because_o of_o partition_n but_o admit_v socage-land_n to_o be_v general_o by_o the_o objection_n nature_n of_o it_o consuetudine_fw-la mediante_fw-la capable_a of_o partition_n as_o well_o a_o gavelkynd_n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v will_n some_o say_v that_o this_o partition-property_n be_v more_o appropriate_a to_o it_o than_o socage-land_n in_o general_n and_o that_o they_o so_o much_o differ_v in_o their_o term_n from_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o kentish-man_n with_o the_o conqueror_n â—aith_o the_o common_a opinion_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o anon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n say_v we_o not_o but_o now_o that_o custom_n be_v the_o thing_n whereto_o we_o owe_v this_o partition_n and_o if_o so_o why_o then_o seek_v we_o any_o further_o after_o its_o original_n custom_n we_o know_v cease_v to_o be_v custom_n when_o once_o they_o can_v be_v trace_v to_o their_o first_o beginning_n it_o be_v the_o main_a essential_a part_n of_o a_o
place_n occurr_v feudum_n for_o example_n in_o the_o charter_n of_o witlaf_n the_o mercian_n king_n date_a anno_o 833._o we_o have_v it_o thus_o &_o xl_o acras_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la in_fw-la campo_fw-it de_fw-it deping_n the_o like_a in_o a_o charter_n of_o bertulph_n another_o mercian_n king_n also_o date_a anno_o 860._o and_o in_o some_o other_o of_o late_a date_n from_o succeed_a king_n we_o have_v de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-la gerunthorpe_n and_o the_o like_a whereas_o it_o may_v very_o just_o be_v doubt_v whether_o either_o the_o law_n story_n or_o other_o either_o write_v or_o print_v monument_n of_o credit_n of_o any_o nation_n or_o country_n can_v show_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la or_o feudum_n in_o use_n among_o they_o but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o beneficium_fw-la feudum_n elder_a brother_n or_o the_o like_a until_o about_o that_o age_n until_o i_o mean_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n from_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n and_o hence_o give_v i_o leave_v with_o buchelius_n in_o his_o illustration_n upon_o heda_n history_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o 116._o utrecht_n to_o suspect_v that_o list_n or_o memorial_n 111._o de_fw-fr vassis_fw-la sive_fw-la fide_fw-la addictis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o episcopo_fw-la trajectensi_fw-la as_o there_o it_o stand_v entitle_v of_o heda_n ascribe_v to_o adelboldus_fw-la the_o 19_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_v who_o after_o he_o have_v sit_v 18_o year_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1028._o as_o indeed_o a_o piece_n unadvised_o refer_v to_o that_o time_n and_o place_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n belong_v to_o some_o successor_n of_o he_o but_o be_v that_o as_o it_o will_v i_o see_v nothing_o however_o that_o may_v render_v we_o unsatisfied_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o assertion_n who_o say_v that_o the_o conqueror_n bring_v or_o introduce_v first_o into_o this_o kingdom_n feudum_n feodum_fw-la or_o as_o in_o english_a fee_n take_v as_o it_o signify_v feudal_n service_n especial_o military_a praedium_fw-la militare_fw-la the_o sense_n in_o which_o as_o it_o regular_o occurr_n in_o the_o 51._o feudal_n book_n abroad_o so_o constant_o in_o domesday-book_n here_o at_o home_n for_o distinguish_v the_o land_n from_o other_o there_o say_v to_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la gablum_fw-la ad_fw-la â—irmam_fw-la in_o alodio_n and_o other_o like_a tenor_n there_o occur_v the_o introducer_n borrow_v say_v one_o supra_fw-la of_o my_o author_n the_o term_n he_o may_v have_v add_v the_o custom_n from_o his_o own_o native_a country_n normandy_n which_o he_o conclude_v from_o a_o passage_n of_o himself_o there_o quote_v out_o of_o domesday-book_n thus_o speak_v in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulfo_n de_fw-fr limb_n '_o 50._o carucat_fw-la terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n thus_o subjoyn_v feudum_n &_o nomanniam_fw-la jungit_fw-la ac_fw-la si_fw-la rei_fw-la novae_fw-la notitia_fw-la è_fw-la normannia_n disquirenda_fw-la esset_fw-la but_o with_o submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n i_o question_v whether_o those_o word_n sicut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o normannia_n may_v not_o relate_v to_o carucatae_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v a_o expression_n not_o use_v of_o 1089._o the_o saxon_n for_o a_o ploughland_n but_o aratrum_fw-la sulinga_fw-mi hida_n familia_fw-la mansio_fw-la mansa_fw-la manens_fw-la casata_fw-la and_o the_o like_a term_n of_o quantity_n rather_o than_o to_o feudum_n from_o which_o too_o it_o be_v further_o distance_v in_o the_o quotation_n than_o from_o the_o other_o but_o to_o let_v that_o pass_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o seem_v it_o be_v that_o the_o name_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o english_a fee_n or_o as_o we_o now_o vulgar_o call_v they_o 30._o tenor_n such_o at_o least_o as_o be_v military_a owe_v their_o introduction_n whatsoever_o the_o 16._o mirroir_n a_o book_n who_o antiquity_n be_v too_o much_o cry_v up_o of_o some_o have_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o if_o in_o terminis_fw-la know_v here_o in_o england_n in_o king_n alfred_n day_n by_o who_o as_o the_o author_n there_o pretend_v iâ—_n be_v ordain_v that_o knight_n fee_n shall_v descend_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o socage_n among_o all_o the_o son_n whereas_o in_o very_a deed_n we_o know_v neither_o one_o nor_o tother_o in_o those_o day_n they_o with_o the_o rest_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n call_v fee-simple_n fee-tail_n fee-ferme_a frankfee_n as_o also_o grand_a and_o petite_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o book_n of_o tenor_n and_o elsewhere_o obvious_a be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o not_o know_v what_o fee_n in_o that_o notion_n mean_v before_o nor_o be_v to_o this_o day_n agree_v among_o ourselves_o as_o neither_o be_v the_o feudist_n and_o other_o writer_n on_o that_o argument_n in_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o etymology_n and_o derivation_n either_o of_o that_o oâ—_n the_o word_n whereunto_o it_o be_v oppose_v allodium_fw-la wherein_o indeed_o author_n of_o several_a sort_n lawyer_n i_o mean_v etymologiâ—ts_n and_o antiquary_n so_o much_o differ_v and_o disagree_v as_o that_o the_o further_o we_o wade_v in_o the_o research_n of_o their_o opinion_n in_o that_o kind_n the_o more_o uncertain_a still_o we_o come_v off_o and_o the_o further_o we_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o our_o inquiry_n satisfaction_n however_o i_o will_v on_o this_o occasion_n adventure_n to_o offer_v my_o sense_n which_o if_o well_o consider_v may_v perhaps_o help_v to_o end_v the_o difference_n not_o to_o repeat_v that_o variety_n of_o other_o man_n opinion_n derive_v in_o the_o point_n of_o which_o some_o and_o those_o the_o most_o and_o with_o most_o general_a applause_n and_o acceptation_n fetch_v the_o former_a feudum_n from_o fides_n other_o from_o faida_o or_o feida_n bellum_fw-la a_o three_o from_o foedus_fw-la a_o four_o from_o the_o german_a fueden_n quaâ—i_fw-la a_o fungendo_fw-la i._o pascendo_fw-la or_o as_o 8._o gryphiander_n have_v it_o from_o the_o saxon_a foden_n i._n e._n nutrire_fw-la to_o let_v these_o derivation_n all_o pass_n without_o any_o further_a repetition_n as_o obvious_a enough_o in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o feudist_n and_o elsewhere_o especial_o with_o some_o addition_n of_o his_o own_o in_o martinius_n lexicon_n philologicum_fw-la as_o likewise_o not_o to_o repeat_v the_o like_a variety_n among_o they_o as_o obvious_a as_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o latter_a allodium_fw-la which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o derivative_a allodium_fw-la from_o à _fw-la the_o privative_a particle_n and_o laudium_fw-la or_o laudatio_fw-la as_o a_o possession_n acknowledge_v no_o author_n no_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o god_n alone_o other_o from_o that_o privative_a particle_n and_o load_v quasi_fw-la sine_fw-la lode_n that_o be_v â—ine_z vassallo_o as_o a_o mad_a man_n be_v call_v aman_n to_o say_v â—ine_z ment_fw-la as_o who_o possessor_n be_v no_o vassal_n while_o a_o three_o sort_n fetch_v it_o from_o alsleud_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v possessions_z common_a i._n e._n such_o as_o may_v free_o be_v give_v or_o sell_v to_o all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o people_n the_o many_o like_v in_o this_o say_v some_o to_o what_o of_o old_a we_o here_o in_o england_n call_v folcland_n by_o which_o but_o how_o proper_o since_o folcland_n be_v parallel_v with_o what_o since_o we_o call_v 603._o copy_n hold_v may_v well_o be_v doubt_v they_o be_v find_v to_o illustrate_v it_o contrary_a to_o a_o four_o derivation_n of_o other_o who_o hold_v it_o inseparable_a from_o the_o family_n and_o thence_o of_o the_o german_n call_v ein_fw-mi anlod_n a_o five_o sort_n there_o be_v that_o draw_v it_o from_o the_o foresay_a privative_a particle_n à _fw-fr and_o leod_a in_o french_a lâ—ud_n a_o vassal_n as_o it_o be_v without_o vassalage_n or_o without_o burden_n which_o we_o english_a man_n say_v my_o author_n right_o at_o this_o day_n call_v load_v not_o further_o i_o say_v to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o either_o any_o long_a repeâ—ition_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a for_o there_o be_v some_o other_o various_a opinion_n of_o this_o kind_n or_o any_o catalogue_n of_o the_o several_a author_n of_o they_o i_o will_v as_o i_o promise_v offer_v my_o conjecture_n at_o each_o word_n etymology_n with_o submission_n of_o it_o to_o better_a judgement_n in_o short_a then_o i_o say_v that_o each_o of_o the_o two_o word_n in_o its_o original_n which_o be_v german_a be_v a_o compound_n consist_v of_o two_o syllable_n of_o which_o two_o the_o latter_a to_o begin_v with_o that_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o be_v borrow_v towards_o the_o composition_n of_o many_o several_a word_n of_o the_o same_o original_n use_v and_o continue_v both_o in_o those_o especial_o the_o teutonic_n part_n and_o also_o here_o in_o this_o island_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n settle_v here_o down_o unto_o this_o day_n
be_v turn_v haereditas_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tainus_n in_fw-la haereditate_fw-la sua_fw-la terram_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v ecclesiam_fw-la habeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o like_o old_a version_n in_o the_o book_n of_o rochester_n call_v textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la be_v render_v allodium_fw-la si_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la quem_fw-la angli_fw-la thegen_n vocant_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o alodio_n svo_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o allodium_fw-la also_o be_v turn_v in_o the_o same_o record_n textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la what_o occurr_n in_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n exhibit_v by_o mr._n lambard_n perambulat_fw-la in_o mepham_n pag._n 500_o under_o the_o term_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_n etc._n etc._n allodium_fw-la it_o seem_v thence_o be_v proper_o such_o land_n as_o be_v full_o a_o man_n own_o short_o then_o feudum_n fee_fw-mi or_o land_n hold_v in_o fee_n be_v no_o more_o consider_v in_o its_o first_o and_o primary_n acception_n to_o which_o they_o must_v have_v regard_n that_o will_v hope_v to_o judge_v aright_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o first_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n than_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o fee-hode_a by_o contraction_n feud_n or_o feod_n i._n e_o in_o a_o stipendiary_a conditional_a mercenary_a mediate_a way_n and_o nature_n and_o with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n and_o a_o condition_n of_o return_v he_o some_o service_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a whereof_o the_o land_n be_v revertible_a unto_o the_o lord_n in_o which_o respect_n as_o the_o grant_v thereof_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o donation_n be_v but_o 4._o feodalis_fw-la dimissio_fw-la i._n e._n a_o demise_n in_o fee_n so_o the_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demise_v be_v as_o improper_o term_v a_o charter_n of_o donation_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o charter_n or_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n such_o i_o say_v be_v feudum_fw-la allodium_fw-la be_v contrariwise_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o all-hode_a in_o totality_n in_o a_o total_a full_a absolute_a immediate_a manner_n and_o condition_n without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n and_o free_a from_o any_o tie_n or_o compact_n for_o the_o return_v any_o service_n at_o all_o for_o it_o unto_o any_o thus_o far_o and_o i_o hope_v not_o too_o far_o nor_o impertinent_o for_o clear_n the_o etymon_n of_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la as_o the_o argument_n so_o the_o torture_n of_o many_o learned_a pen_n among_o who_o derivation_n of_o one_o and_o tother_o i_o humble_o crave_v this_o of_o i_o such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v be_v admit_v for_o future_a indagatour_n and_o all_o other_o of_o unforestalled_a judgement_n free_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o now_o to_o spin_v on_o our_o former_a thread_n and_o to_o reassume_v our_o argument_n of_o the_o introduction_n of_o our_o fee_n or_o tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n which_o that_o etymon_n come_v in_o the_o way_n cause_v i_o a_o while_n to_o set_v aside_o i_o here_o profess_v to_o concur_v with_o they_o who_o upon_o the_o question_n put_v resolve_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a whereof_o our_o learned_a feudum_fw-la glossarist_n for_o one_o thus_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la conquestor_fw-la nuncupatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o deinceps_fw-la vero_fw-la resonarunt_fw-la omne_fw-la feodorum_fw-la gravaminibus_fw-la saxonum_n aeuâ—_n ne_fw-la auditis_fw-la quidem_fw-la no_o other_o tenor_n or_o in_o the_o scottish_a expression_n haldings_n of_o land_n be_v former_o here_o in_o use_n but_o these_o two_o bocland_n and_o folcland_n the_o one_o say_v my_o sâ—ripto_o author_n a_o possession_n by_o writing_n the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v so_o he_o add_v be_v a_o freehold_n and_o by_o charter_n hereditary_a with_o all_o immunity_n and_o for_o the_o free_a and_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o writing_n be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n bind_v to_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o be_v for_o the_o rural_a people_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o former_a take_v name_n from_o the_o land_n book_v or_o enter_v with_o the_o limit_n of_o it_o in_o a_o codicil_n as_o then_o call_v a_o little_a book_n or_o as_o we_o since_o call_v it_o a_o charter_n which_o if_o the_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o layman_n be_v in_o way_n of_o seize_v deliver_v to_o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o land_n hence_o haply_o that_o ceremony_n we_o retain_v of_o deliver_v a_o conveyance_n as_o the_o party_n act_n and_o deed_n or_o if_o to_o a_o monastery_n lay_v and_o leave_v most_o common_o upon_o the_o altar_n ego_fw-la autem_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la illius_fw-la testimonioque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la meas_fw-la &_o libros_fw-la terrarum_fw-la propria_fw-la manu_fw-la mea_fw-la posui_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o close_a of_o a_o ecclesiae_fw-la memorial_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o monkton_n and_o other_o manor_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 961_o by_o queen_n edive_n or_o edith_n who_o picture_n in_o thankful_a remembrance_n be_v until_o of_o late_o reserve_v in_o that_o church_n treasury_n hence_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n vulgar_o know_v in_o those_o time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o glossary_a a_o landboc_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n telligraphum_fw-la sometime_o codicillus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a observe_v yet_o further_o terram_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscribere_fw-la &_o liberam_fw-la proclamare_fw-la the_o latin_a phrase_n for_o create_v bocland_n be_v a_o prerogative_n royal_a or_o a_o royalty_n and_o out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o subject_a whence_o that_o passage_n often_o occur_v in_o subject_n grant_v of_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n to_o the_o forename_a cathedral_n and_o other_o place_n viz._n and_o such_o a_o one_o king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscripsit_fw-la 854._o as_o also_o that_o liberam_fw-la omninò_fw-la proclamavit_fw-la and_o such_o like_a king_n ethelreds_n privilege_n as_o call_v confirm_v to_o that_o cathedral_n among_o other_o thing_n their_o whole_a possession_n be_v hence_o by_o 507._o one_o of_o the_o subscribent_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o notwithstanding_o this_o enfranchisement_n the_o land_n be_v very_o seldom_o alienate_v by_o the_o possessor_n in_o frankalmoigne_n without_o what_o the_o law_n of_o 32._o mortmain_n afterward_o require_v a_o concurrent_a or_o at_o least_o a_o subsequent_a confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a in_o the_o list_n of_o that_o church_n land_n and_o benefactor_n publish_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 210._o as_o also_o of_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o magnate_v or_o noble_n in_o such_o bocland-grants_a principal_o in_o that_o of_o malling_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o very_a word_n because_o remarkable_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la dcccxxxviij_o ecgbertus_fw-la &_o athelwlfus_fw-la rex_fw-la filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la dederunt_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n malling_n in_o suthsexan_n quod_fw-la viz._n manerium_fw-la prius_fw-la eidem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dedit_fw-la baldredus_fw-la rex_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la mark_v this_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la donum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la valere_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la etc._n etc._n bocland_n thus_o flow_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n upon_o all_o forfeicture_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o possessor_n for_o desert_v the_o war_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o king_n and_o he_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v to_o take_v the_o 75._o forfeict_n but_o of_o bocland_n more_o anon_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o all_o i_o take_v it_o reducible_a to_o the_o precedent_a diehotomy_n such_o as_o 1_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gafolland_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o truce_n or_o agreement_n between_o alfred_n and_o guthrun_n kk_n in_o the_o archaion_n inland_a cap._n 2._o 2_o neatland_n 3_o inland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o run_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n there_o 4_o utland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d utland_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o the_o will_n of_o byrhtric_n in_o our_o kentish_a perambulation_n pag._n 495._o of_o which_o four_o the_o two_o former_a i_o conceive_v be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o folcland_n both_o one_o and_o tother_o import_v land_n let_v or_o demise_v as_o folâ—land_n be_v to_o rural_a people_n more_o emphitâ—utico_n for_o profit_n the_o one_o from_o gable_n or_o gafol_n i._o â—_o cen_n or_o rent_n be_v term_v gafolland_n the_o other_o call_v neatland_n either_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o improve_v fructify_v whence_o 〈◊〉_d
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
precinct_n or_o circuit_n wherein_o such_o a_o jurisdiction_n and_o such_o privilege_n be_v to_o be_v exercise_v and_o that_o as_o well_o in_o a_o simple_a as_o a_o compound_a notion_n hence_o for_o the_o former_a socha_n of_o this_o and_o that_o place_n so_o obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n whereof_o some_o instance_n in_o ingulphus_n by_o name_n soka_n de_fw-fr donnedike_n soca_n de_fw-fr beltisford_n soca_n de_fw-fr have_v soca_n de_fw-fr acumesbury_n in_o this_o sense_n it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o hen._n 1._o law_n where_o you_o may_v also_o often_o meet_v with_o elsewhere_o soca_fw-la placitorum_fw-la quam_fw-la quidam_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la de_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o other_o such_o like_a passage_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o register_n have_v it_o fol._n 1._o a._n as_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 5._o tract_n 1._o cap._n 2._o num_fw-la 3._o in_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr gâ—uâ—leto_fw-it make_v anno_fw-la 10._o edw._n 2._o where_o the_o custodes_fw-la the_o guardian_n of_o the_o soak_v be_v term_v sokerevi_n of_o dr._n cowell_n turn_v by_o sokerevi_fw-la rent-gatherers_a and_o in_o the_o statute_n also_o 32._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 29._o it_o be_v use_v according_o thus_o of_o soak_v or_o soken_n simple_o in_o composition_n it_o occurr_v often_o with_o port._n as_o for_o example_n the_o knighten_n gild_v sometime_o in_o or_o nâ—â—r_a east-smithfield_n london_n erect_v first_o by_o king_n edgar_n and_o confirm_v with_o some_o enlargement_n afterward_o by_o succeed_a king_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o ground_n enfranchise_v with_o special_a liberty_n to_o be_v enjoy_v within_o that_o extent_n of_o it_o set_v forth_o by_o 925._o sâ—ow_n be_v ancient_o call_v a_o soak_v and_o afterward_o because_o lie_v by_o eald-gate_n now_o algate_n port_n be_v add_v or_o rather_o prepose_v to_o it_o portsoken_n be_v for_o extent_n and_o otherwise_o i_o take_v it_o the_o same_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v know_v there_o by_o the_o name_n of_o portsoken-ward_n here_o now_o we_o find_v it_o restrain_v to_o a_o part_n only_o of_o a_o city_n a_o particular_a ward_n but_o in_o some_o ancient_a charter_n of_o liberty_n grant_v to_o several_a city_n and_o other_o like_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o particular_o to_o london_n you_o may_v find_v it_o spread_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a skit_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n without_o the_o wall_n as_o in_o h._n 3._o 252._o charter_n to_o that_o city_n ann_n 11._o of_o his_o reign_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la infra_fw-la muros_fw-la civitatis_fw-la neque_fw-la in_fw-la portsokne_v nemo_fw-la capiat_fw-la hospitium_fw-la per_fw-la vim_o sed_fw-la per_fw-la liberationem_fw-la mareschalli_n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a occurr_n in_o several_a charter_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n whereof_o one_o be_v henry_n the_o second_o thus_o concessi_fw-la etiam_fw-la eye_n quietantiam_fw-la murdri_fw-la infra_fw-la urbem_fw-la &_o in_o portsoka_n &_o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la etc._n etc._n another_o of_o henry_n the_o three_o thus_o concessimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la de_fw-la civitate_fw-la vel_fw-la portsoka_n sua_fw-la captus_fw-la vel_fw-la rectatus_fw-la de_fw-la aliquo_fw-la crimine_fw-la vel_fw-la forisfacto_fw-la pro_fw-la quâ—_n debeat_fw-la imprisonari_fw-la imprisonetur_fw-la alibi_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o prisona_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o little_a after_o et_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la externus_fw-la faciat_fw-la forstalluâ—â—_n in_fw-la civitate_fw-la praedicta_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o portsoka_n sua_fw-la ad_fw-la noâ—umentum_fw-la civium_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o spare_v to_o add_v more_o instance_n it_o be_v plain_a enough_o by_o these_o that_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o full_a extent_n of_o it_o be_v intend_v by_o portsoca_n you_o may_v call_v it_o not_o improper_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o franchise_n the_o forecited_n statute_n 32._o hen_n 8._o cap._n 29._o by_o occasion_n there_o give_v to_o mention_v the_o soak_v of_o osweldbeck_n in_o nottinghamshire_n use_v the_o term_n of_o lordship_n and_o soak_v indifferent_o to_o express_v the_o territory_n wherein_o the_o custom_n there_o mention_v take_v place_n whereby_o it_o seem_v our_o term_n soak_v also_o signify_v a_o lordship_n the_o word_n extend_v thither_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o privilege_n so_o call_v throughout_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o lordship_n viz_o that_o whoever_o be_v dignify_v with_o it_o and_o its_o constant_a concomitant_a sac_n as_o regular_o all_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v have_v that_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o matter_n of_o his_o territory_n or_o lordship_n as_o free_o to_o hold_v plea_n and_o have_v and_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o one_o and_o between_o the_o other_o in_o such_o matter_n i_o mean_v as_o in_o the_o language_n of_o hen._n 1._o it_o law_n exceed_v not_o his_o soch_n his_o cognizance_n as_o be_v haply_o regalia_z certain_z arduous_a or_o capital_a matter_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o justice_n hence_o to_o have_v socne_n or_o to_o be_v so_o privilege_v after_o a_o book_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n be_v aver_v fraunche_n court_v de_fw-fr ses_fw-fr home_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 47._o soak_v say_v he_o significat_fw-la libertatem_fw-la curiae_fw-la tenentium_fw-la quam_fw-la socam_fw-la appellamus_fw-la as_o also_o to_o what_o i_o read_v in_o a_o old_a ms._n among_o other_o etymology_n of_o this_o kind_n nota_fw-la quod_fw-la sok_n est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la libertas_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la domini_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la curias_n svas_fw-la &_o habebunt_fw-la sectam_fw-la homagiorum_fw-la a_o great_a 230._o lawyer_n of_o our_o time_n give_v it_o this_o definition_n soc_n say_v he_o be_v a_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n to_o have_v a_o free_a court_n to_o hold_v plea_n of_o contract_n covenant_n and_o trespass_n of_o his_o man_n and_o tenant_n within_o a_o little_a after_o he_o proceed_v to_o derive_v it_o in_o a_o different_a way_n though_o not_o without_o some_o company_n to_o what_o be_v here_o afore-proposed_n how_o right_o judicent_fw-la aliâ—_n short_o soc_n soak_v socne_n and_o the_o like_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o derivation_n in_o clement_n reyner_n anglia_fw-it onomasticon_fw-la and_o some_o other_o betoken_v we_o see_v both_o a_o liberty_n privilege_n franchise_n etc._n etc._n and_o a_o precinct_n or_o territory_n wherein_o such_o a_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n be_v exercise_v if_o you_o will_v a_o sokmanry_n and_o resolve_v our_o socage_n the_o tenure_n so_o call_v to_o be_v deriveable_a from_o soak_v consider_v under_o one_o of_o these_o acception_n i_o stand_v irresolute_a a_o while_n to_o which_o of_o the_o twain_o i_o shall_v refer_v it_o once_o i_o intend_v to_o pitch_v upon_o the_o latter_a and_o then_o i_o think_v as_o the_o territory_n precinct_n extent_n circuit_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o lordship_n or_o manor_n be_v call_v soca_n and_o socmanria_n so_o probable_o the_o man_n of_o that_o territory_n precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o respect_n of_o their_o relation_n to_o that_o soak_v and_o their_o dependence_n upon_o it_o and_o the_o lord_n thereof_o by_o tenure_n be_v term_v socmanni_n that_o be_v man_n appertein_v to_o the_o soak_v or_o lordship_n quasi_fw-la socae_fw-la ascriptiiii_fw-la homines_fw-la socae_fw-la and_o consequent_o as_o in_o that_o respect_n the_o man_n be_v call_v socmanni_n so_o their_o service_n those_o duty_n in_o work_n provision_n money_n or_o otherwise_o which_o by_o their_o tenure_n they_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soak_v be_v call_v socage_n tract_n of_o time_n have_v add_v to_o soak_v or_o soc_n what_o a_o a._n famous_a lawyer_n of_o these_o time_n call_v a_o legal_a termination_n agium_fw-la in_o composition_n say_v he_o signify_v service_n or_o duty_n as_o homagium_fw-la the_o service_n of_o the_o man_n escâ—agium_n servitium_n scuti_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o the_o part_n be_v put_v together_o soc_n and_o agium_fw-la it_o come_v forth_o socagium_fw-la in_o latin_a socage_n in_o english_a thus_o i_o say_v be_v it_o sometime_o in_o my_o thought_n to_o have_v derive_v socage_n and_o indeed_o not_o altogether_o improper_o in_o a_o large_a sense_n all_o sort_n of_o tenant_n of_o or_o to_o a_o soak_v the_o caetus_fw-la tenentium_fw-la aut_fw-la vassallorum_fw-la mancrii_fw-la the_o homage_n as_o sometime_o call_v be_v from_o their_o relation_n to_o the_o soak_v or_o lordship_n and_o the_o lord_n thereof_o not_o unfit_o call_v socmanni_n and_o their_o service_n &_o tenure_n consequent_o socagium_fw-la but_o at_o length_n upon_o second_o thought_n i_o conclude_v this_o somewhat_o too_o large_a and_o vast_a a_o derivation_n as_o be_v comprehensive_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o tenant_n villein_n and_o all_o which_o with_o the_o villeinage_n author_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v improper_o call_v sokeman_n or_o their_o tenure_n socage_n beside_o when_o i_o first_o pitch_v upon_o that_o derivation_n i_o conceive_v the_o tenant_n whole_a service_n to_o be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o socal_a respect_v only_o the_o soak_v not_o foreign_a whereas_o afterward_o i_o
in_o that_o at_o rochester_n intervening_a and_o happen_v in_o the_o interim_n of_o those_o two_o statute_n the_o one_o of_o uses_n make_v anno_fw-la 27._o the_o other_o of_o will_n enact_v anno_fw-la 32._o hen._n 8._o ah_o time_n most_o proper_a for_o the_o custom_n if_o any_o such_o in_o be_v by_o iâ—s_a fruit_n the_o immediate_a free_a devise_n of_o land_n by_o will_n at_o pleasure_n without_o that_o mediate_a collateral_a and_o by-way_n that_o periphrasis_n of_o feoffment_n and_o their_o uses_n which_o now_o be_v out_o of_o door_n to_o assert_v and_o show_v itself_o all_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n do_v plain_o tend_v to_o the_o dis-proof_n of_o this_o custom_n of_o devise_v land_n in_o kent_n by_o will_n before_o that_o statute_n of_o will_n as_o for_o example_n 1._o in_o the_o will_n of_o thomas_n bourne_n of_o tenterden_n date_v 3._o may_v 1538._o in_o the_o archdeacon_n registry_n at_o canterbury_n lib._n 21._o quatern_n 7._o and_o where_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o act_n late_o make_v to_o avoid_v use_n of_o will_n yet_o my_o mind_n be_v that_o clement_n my_o son_n shall_v have_v my_o house_n and_o shop_n in_o tenterden_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o him_z in_o fee._n and_o that_o john_n bourne_n my_o son_n shall_v have_v all_o my_o land_n lie_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o hawkherst_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o fee._n and_o i_o give_v to_o my_o say_a son_n john_n xl_o s._n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v abide_v and_o stand_v to_o the_o divide_v and_o order_n of_o my_o land_n as_o my_o mind_n be_v before_o express_v and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o and_o abide_v the_o say_a order_n and_o division_n but_o to_o shift_v his_o part_n thorough_o than_o i_o will_v the_o say_v xl_o s._n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v have_v to_o alice_n my_o wife_n also_o i_o give_v to_o clement_n my_o son_n iij._o l._n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o do_v stand_v to_o and_o abide_v the_o division_n and_o order_n of_o my_o land_n and_o tenement_n according_a as_o my_o mind_n be_v before_o express_v and_o if_o the_o say_v clement_n de_fw-fr refuse_v my_o say_a order_n and_o division_n of_o my_o land_n and_o shift_v his_o part_n thorough_o than_o i_o will_v the_o say_v iij._o l._n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v have_v to_o alice_n my_o wife_n etc._n etc._n argument_n have_v there_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o devise_v land_n by_o will_n what_o need_v that_o notice_n to_o be_v take_v here_o of_o the_o act_n for_o avoid_v use_n of_o will_n and_o why_o be_v the_o testator_n put_v to_o it_o thus_o to_o work_v and_o wage_v his_o son_n to_o consent_v to_o that_o partition_n and_o division_n of_o his_o land_n by_o a_o legacy_n in_o money_n to_o be_v forfeict_v upon_o their_o refusal_n and_o for_o choose_v to_o shift_v or_o divide_v thorough_o as_o a_o thing_n in_o their_o power_n by_o law_n which_o can_v not_o be_v have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o custom_n 2._o in_o thomas_n sayer_n alias_o lamberd_n will_v of_o feversham_n date_v in_o may_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 9_o some_o land_n be_v devise_v away_o from_o the_o two_o female_a inheritrice_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o a_o partition_n also_o make_v between_o they_o of_o other_o land_n whereupon_o a_o legacy_n in_o money_n be_v give_v to_o the_o heir_n at_o law_n to_o wage_v they_o to_o consent_n and_o condescend_v to_o that_o devise_n and_o division_n in_o these_o word_n item_n i_o will_v and_o bequeath_v to_o isabel_n and_o margaret_n my_o two_o daughter_n to_o each_o of_o they_o 6._o l._n 13._o s._n 4._o d._n to_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o by_o benet_n my_o wife_n in_o money_n or_o moneyworth_n in_o four_o year_n next_o after_o my_o decease_n upon_o condition_n that_o my_o say_v two_o daughter_n their_o heir_n and_o their_o assign_v to_o suffer_v this_o my_o present_a will_n and_o testament_n to_o take_v effect_n according_a as_o i_o before_o have_v will_v and_o if_o my_o say_v two_o daughter_n their_o heir_n and_o their_o assign_v do_v this_o refuse_v that_o my_o say_a will_n can_v take_v none_o effect_v according_a as_o i_o before_o have_v will_v than_o i_o will_v my_o say_v two_o daughter_n nor_o their_o assign_v shall_v take_v no_o benefit_n nor_o profit_n of_o none_o of_o my_o bequeath_v to_o they_o before_o bequeath_v etc._n etc._n argument_n the_o same_o quaere_fw-la here_o as_o before_o viz._n what_o need_v this_o conditional_a legacy_n in_o money_n have_v it_o not_o be_v free_a to_o they_o and_o in_o their_o power_n and_o choice_n whether_o his_o will_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o some_o land_n and_o for_o the_o division_n of_o other_o shall_v take_v effect_n or_o not_o 3._o in_o john_n crowmers_n will_n of_o pogylston_n esquire_n date_v in_o february_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n book_n and_o quatern_n this_o clause_n to_o our_o purpose_n be_v remarkable_a item_n i_o will_v that_o each_o of_o my_o three_o daughter_n benet_n elizabeth_n and_o grace_n have_v 13._o l._n 6_o s._n 8._o d._n of_o such_o debt_n as_o their_o husband_n do_v owe_v i_o so_o that_o their_o husband_n be_v content_a that_o such_o land_n as_o i_o have_v purchase_v go_v according_a to_o my_o devise_n and_o will_n or_o else_o not_o etc._n etc._n argument_n the_o like_a quaerie_n here_o as_o before_o where_o also_o note_n that_o although_o he_o mention_v a_o devise_n of_o land_n by_o will_n yet_o no_o such_o will_n be_v either_o prove_v or_o register_v because_o probable_o incumbent_a and_o void_a in_o law_n the_o like_a whereof_o may_v be_v suppose_v of_o sparcklins_n will_n of_o thanet_n date_v in_o march_n 1539._o in_o the_o same_o book_n and_o registry_n quarern_v 14._o where_o his_o mansion_n place_n at_o bronston_n be_v say_v to_o be_v bequeath_v to_o his_o son_n john_n whereas_o no_o such_o thing_n appear_v by_o the_o approve_a will_n nor_o be_v any_o land_n at_o all_o devise_v by_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o cacherells_n will_v of_o norborne_n date_a anno_o 1537._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 8._o where_o some_o legacy_n in_o money_n be_v charge_v upon_o a_o house_n there_o say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o party_n charge_v and_o his_o wife_n whereas_o no_o such_o gift_n appear_v by_o the_o will_n 4._o in_o sarlys_n will_n date_a anno_o 30._o hen._n 8._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o book_n quatern_n 11._o where_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o his_o three_o daughter_n we_o have_v this_o clause_n item_n i_o will_v that_o he_o my_o brother_n shall_v have_v my_o part_n of_o my_o house_n at_o why_o call_v jancock_n during_o his_o life_n if_o that_o may_v be_v suffer_v by_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n 5._o in_o the_o will_n of_o william_n byx_n of_o linsted_n date_v 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n lib._n 22._o quatern_n 1._o occurr_n this_o passage_n i_o will_v and_o bequeath_v all_o the_o profit_n commodity_n ferme_n rent_n of_o all_o my_o land_n whatsoever_o etc._n etc._n unto_o my_o brother_n germane_a laurence_n byx_n unto_o the_o timos_fw-la that_o my_o son_n laurence_n and_o nicholas_n come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o 22._o year_n etc._n etc._n also_o to_o my_o daughter_n marriage_n 10._o l._n to_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o those_o profit_n etc._n etc._n and_o pay_v by_o my_o brother_n laurence_n provide_v always_o if_o the_o law_n will_v not_o suffer_v nor_o admit_v my_o brother_n laurence_n to_o enjoy_v and_o take_v up_o the_o ferme_n etc._n etc._n of_o my_o land_n than_o i_o will_v that_o each_o of_o my_o say_a son_n etc._n etc._n shall_v pay_v the_o say_v 10._o l._n unto_o my_o say_a daughter_n marriage_n etc._n etc._n 6._o thomas_n hunt_v of_o pluck_o in_o his_o will_n date_v in_o the_o year_n no_o month_n 1540_o probable_o some_o time_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n that_o year_n make_v in_o the_o same_o registry_n book_n and_o quatern_n give_v to_o his_o wife_n the_o issue_n of_o his_o land_n for_o life_n and_o after_o her_o death_n the_o land_n themselves_o to_o his_o son_n john_n charge_v with_o some_o legacy_n in_o money_n to_o his_o young_a brother_n anthony_n and_o his_o child_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n if_o this_o my_o will_n say_v he_o stand_v not_o good_a and_o effectual_a in_o the_o law_n than_o i_o will_v that_o my_o say_a message_n and_o premise_n after_o the_o death_n of_o my_o say_a wife_n shall_v remain_v to_o my_o say_v two_o son_n i._o and_o a._n and_o to_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o etc._n etc._n 7._o the_o like_a clause_n to_o this_o occurr_n in_o the_o will_n of_o john_n hubberd_n of_o westerham_n date_v the_o 23th_o of_o july_n 1537._o in_o the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n registry_n viz._n also_o if_o it_o do_v please_v god_n to_o visit_v my_o wife_n and_o all_o my_o child_n with_o death_n than_o