kingdom_n of_o kent_n concern_v ethelbert_n the_o four_o king_n after_o hengist_n of_o who_o he_o use_v these_o word_n this_o noble_a king_n have_v a_o care_n for_o they_o that_o shall_v come_v after_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n into_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n observe_v here_o that_o by_o this_o time_n from_o the_o saxon_n first_o arrival_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o kentish_a speak_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n their_o language_n before_o be_v british_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o island_n the_o country_n of_o king_n ethelbert_n be_v kont_a and_o his_o mother_n tongue_n be_v saxon_a now_o ethelbert_n find_v the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n british_a the_o saxon_a tongue_n general_o speak_v bring_v those_o law_n out_o of_o british_a into_o saxon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o naked_a meaning_n of_o it_o i_o find_v judicialis_fw-la find_v bedas_n eccl._n hist_n l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o ait_fw-la ethelbertum_n cantiae_fw-la regem_fw-la scripsisse_fw-la idiomate_fw-la 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praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâ—is_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n which_o not_o at_o all_o relate_v to_o a_o different_a law_n kind_a custom_n or_o usage_n but_o to_o several_a sort_n of_o amerciament_n mulct_n and_o fine_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n i_o say_v this_o be_v general_o so_o and_o so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o second_o of_o king_n alured_n law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o violate_v sanctuary_n and_o be_v this_o mulcta_fw-la vel_fw-la ipsa_fw-la capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la prout_fw-la ejus_fw-la gentis_fw-la feret_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o difference_n of_o fines_n and_o pecuniary_a imposition_n i_o find_v frequent_o but_o very_o little_o beside_o which_o be_v also_o all_o the_o impression_n that_o i_o can_v perceive_v the_o rude_a dane_n make_v upon_o the_o english_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o law_n for_o during_o their_o time_n edward_n the_o confessor_n look_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n as_o alter_v but_o say_v they_o be_v asleep_a for_o above_o threescore_o year_n as_o in_o a_o discourse_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v it_o and_o magnify_v they_o so_o high_o that_o in_o his_o restoration_n of_o they_o he_o will_v have_v they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a though_o he_o report_v they_o make_v by_o his_o frand-father_n confessoris_fw-la frand-father_n omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la hominâ—s_fw-la uniuâ—â—st_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la in_fw-la pleno_fw-la folcmote_a fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regm_n hanc_fw-la legem_fw-la invenit_fw-la arthuruâ—_n qui_fw-fr quoadam_n suis_fw-la inclytissimus_fw-la rex_fw-la brytonum_fw-la &_o ita_fw-la consolidavit_fw-la &_o confoederavit_fw-la regnuâ—n_fw-la britanniae_fw-la universum_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la huius_fw-la legis_fw-la authoritate_fw-la expulit_fw-la arthurus_n praedictus_fw-la saracenos_n &_o inimicos_fw-la a_o regno_fw-la 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let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o see_v what_o loss_n or_o alteration_n in_o relation_n to_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n we_o receive_v by_o the_o haereditatis_fw-la the_o the_o denomination_n here_o of_o william_n the_o first_o by_o conquestor_n or_o conqueror_n and_o this_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v stumble_v many_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o enslave_v of_o the_o eaglish_a by_o his_o victorious_a success_n over_o harald_n and_o so_o be_v loath_a to_o afford_v it_o any_o courteous_a reception_n
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
non_fw-la potest_fw-la habere_fw-la pasturam_fw-la nec_fw-la pasnag_fw-mi de_fw-fr silua_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la by_o this_o we_o see_v they_o implead_v their_o right_n against_o the_o king_n exit_fw-la eodem_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la scira_n tran_n willmi_n arcuarii_n isdem_fw-la tenet_fw-la cuntune_v quinque_fw-la teini_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la edw._n &_o quo_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la ire_n potuerant_fw-la aldredus_fw-la frater_fw-la ode_n calumniatur_fw-la unam_fw-la vs._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la se_fw-la eam_fw-la tenuisse_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edw._n fuit_fw-la vivus_fw-la &_o mortuus_fw-la &_o disaisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la willmus_fw-la mare_fw-la transiitâ—_n &_o ipse_fw-la dirationavit_fw-la coram_fw-la regina_fw-la ind_n est_fw-la testis_fw-la ejus_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n &_o homines_fw-la de_fw-la toto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la here_o by_o these_o you_o may_v gather_v several_a manner_n and_o several_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o claim_n then_o &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la sed_fw-la testes_fw-la willielmi_n nolunt_fw-la accipere_fw-la legem_fw-la nisi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la usque_fw-la dum_fw-la definiatur_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la etc._n etc._n hugo_n de_fw-fr port_n have_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdiford_n from_o his_o ancestor_n william_n the_o chernet_n make_v claim_v in_o his_o behalf_n against_o picot_n who_o hold_v some_o part_n of_o it_o and_o make_v proof_n of_o it_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chief_a and_o best_a of_o the_o country_n and_o also_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o that_o hundred_o picot_n defendant_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o villager_n and_o man_n of_o no_o account_n and_o reeves_n or_o bailiff_n who_o offer_v their_o oath_n or_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o purgation_n which_o be_v their_o ordeale_n that_o he_o that_o hold_v that_o land_n be_v a_o free_a man_n et_fw-la potuit_fw-la cum_fw-la terra_fw-la sva_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la that_o be_v as_o not_o dependent_a of_o that_o manor_n nor_o of_o the_o custom_n thereof_o may_v dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o to_o he_o seem_v best_o but_o the_o witness_n of_o de_fw-fr chernet_fw-ge will_v not_o accept_v of_o the_o trial_n by_o any_o law_n but_o that_o of_o king_n edward_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n have_v judge_v it_o this_o you_o must_v understand_v be_v about_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o king_n the_o english_a still_o insist_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o in_o case_n they_o have_v be_v repeal_v it_o have_v be_v a_o great_a vanity_n to_o have_v insist_v upon_o they_o observe_v further_o that_o picot_n entitle_v the_o king_n to_o it_o though_o the_o proof_n be_v the_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la of_o the_o scum_n of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o you_o may_v more_o plain_o see_v what_o be_v the_o occasion_n and_o ground_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n in_o those_o day_n and_o what_o course_n be_v take_v for_o claim_n thereupon_o i_o will_v exhibit_v another_o out_o of_o the_o same_o domesday_n in_o the_o same_o county_n where_o under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v record_v that_o alwi_n filius_fw-la turber_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tederlec_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n dicunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la hundredo_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la vel_fw-la legatum_fw-la regis_fw-la qui_fw-la saississet_fw-la alwinum_fw-la antecessorem_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la modo_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o nisi_fw-la rex_fw-la testificetur_fw-la nichil_fw-la habet_fw-la ibi_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la occisi_fw-la fuerant_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la de_fw-fr hastings_n the_o inquiry_n then_o make_v for_o to_o cause_v the_o forfeiture_n be_v this_o whether_o the_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o any_o one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o hastings_n and_o there_o do_v take_v part_n with_o harold_n against_o king_n william_n which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o sherborn_n plead_v for_o himself_o against_o the_o king_n gift_n of_o his_o land_n to_o warren_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o the_o king_n but_o in_o berrocshire_n in_o the_o same_o record_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n regis_n it_o be_v that_o pandeborne_fw-mi jacuit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la t.r.e._n &_o post_fw-la tenuit_fw-la alwoldus_n camerarius_fw-la sed_fw-la hundr_n nescit_fw-la quomodo_fw-la habuit_fw-la frogerius_n postea_fw-la misit_fw-la in_o firma_fw-la regis_fw-la absque_fw-la placito_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o entitul_a the_o king_n to_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o candour_n and_o integrity_n of_o the_o surveyor_n at_o that_o time_n be_v such_o that_o they_o return_v it_o to_o be_v put_v under_o the_o king_n rent_n absque_fw-la placito_fw-la &_o lege_fw-la without_o either_o hear_n or_o law_n that_o be_v unjust_o for_o placita_fw-la &_o leges_fw-la at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o observe_v to_o evince_v the_o right_n of_o possession_n as_o possible_o can_v be_v expect_v but_o to_o come_v to_o that_o common_a objection_n that_o our_o law_n be_v deliver_v to_o we_o in_o the_o french-tongue_n i_o shall_v not_o take_v much_o pain_n to_o confute_v it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a our_o ancient_a law_n i_o mean_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v neither_o write_v or_o print_v either_o in_o french_a english_a or_o latin_a or_o any_o other_o language_n that_o ever_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o but_o still_o remain_v like_o that_o which_o caesar_n report_v of_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n who_o be_v our_o ancient_a judge_n of_o the_o law_n not_o commit_v to_o parchment_n or_o paper_n and_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v perceive_v have_v that_o manner_n and_o custom_n continue_v and_o retain_v from_o the_o age_n of_o the_o druid_n certain_a report_n upon_o case_n of_o law_n by_o several_a excellent_a lawyer_n in_o our_o law_n french_a be_v render_v to_o we_o but_o we_o may_v as_o well_o say_v the_o comment_n be_v the_o text_n as_o imagine_v those_o studious_a illustration_n to_o be_v the_o law_n and_o some_o there_o be_v that_o probable_o believe_v because_o our_o common-law_n be_v never_o reduce_v into_o a_o form_n or_o body_n so_o as_o to_o receive_v a_o rendition_n in_o that_o or_o any_o other_o language_n that_o the_o king_n in_o those_o first_o norman_n time_n may_v undestand_v they_o who_o in_o their_o person_n do_v public_o preside_v hear_v cause_n and_o give_v judgement_n that_o therefore_o those_o case_n and_o plead_n in_o french_a be_v preserve_v which_o case_n give_v only_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o the_o diversity_n of_o concernment_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o upon_o this_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n campden_n give_v the_o reason_n that_o one_o of_o our_o court_n be_v call_v the_o kings-bench_n bancus_fw-la regius_n sic_fw-la dictus_fw-la say_v he_o quoth_v in_o eo_fw-la reges_fw-la ipsi_fw-la praesidere_fw-la soliti_fw-la etc._n etc._n judices_fw-la sunt_fw-la praeter_fw-la regem_fw-la ipsum_fw-la cum_fw-la interest_n voluerit_fw-la capitalis_fw-la angliae_fw-la justiciarius_n &_o alii_fw-la quatuor_fw-la and_o in_o likelihood_n the_o king_n in_o person_n sit_v there_o give_v the_o occasion_n in_o those_o time_n of_o the_o plead_n in_o french_a which_o otherwise_o can_v not_o have_v be_v understand_v by_o those_o first_o norman_n king_n that_o do_v not_o understand_v english_a they_o addict_v themselves_o in_o letter_n in_o discourse_n in_o message_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n to_o the_o french_a tongue_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o the_o second_o particular_a which_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o receive_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n and_o that_o be_v our_o ancient_a custom_n though_o much_o upon_o this_o point_n comprehensive_o in_o the_o former_a discourse_n of_o our_o law_n have_v be_v say_v where_o the_o custom_n be_v ancient_o to_o claim_v land_n by_o the_o country_n it_o continue_v so_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n as_o we_o see_v in_o many_o place_n of_o domesdey-book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v scira_n dicit_fw-la comitatus_fw-la dicit_fw-la hundred_o dicit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o in_o the_o saxon_a law_n all_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o hundred_o and_o shire_n so_o in_o the_o 34._o law_n of_o king_n edward_n there_o it_o be_v of_o a_o ðrihinga_fw-mi which_o be_v the_o circuit_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hundred_o in_o a_o county_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o ðrihinge_n definirinon_fw-la poterat_fw-la ferebatur_fw-la in_o scyram_fw-la what_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v in_o the_o hundred_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o shire_n where_o at_o a_o certain_a place_n be_v keep_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o county_n and_o where_o be_v to_o be_v present_a take_v they_o as_o i_o find_v they_o record_v episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la vicedomini_fw-la vicarii_fw-la centenarii_fw-la aldermanni_n praefecti_fw-la praepositi_fw-la barones_n vavasore_n tungrevii_fw-la et_fw-la caeteri_fw-la
terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligenter_n intendentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n every_o year_n let_v there_o be_v say_v he_o tƿa_v scirgemot_a &_o ðaer_fw-mi beo_fw-la on_o ðaer_n sciregemote_a bisceoƿ_n &_o see_v ealdorman_n &_o þa_a aegþer_n taecan_fw-it ge_fw-mi god_n rihte_n ge_fw-mi ƿeoruld_v rihte_n i.e._n at_o the_o shire-gemote_a let_v the_o bishop_n and_o alderman_n be_v and_o there_o either_o of_o they_o teach_v god_n right_a and_o the_o world_n right_a which_o judgement_n of_o the_o vicenage_n and_o power_n of_o the_o county_n be_v equal_o use_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n and_o so_o small_a be_v the_o alteration_n that_o happen_v at_o this_o time_n that_o in_o this_o often_o cite_a survey_n record_v there_o among_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v this_o concern_v of_o the_o burrow_n of_o wallingford_n in_o berrochescire_fw-la which_o conclude_v thus_o modo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la burgo_n consuetudines_fw-la omnes_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerant_fw-la and_o so_o where_o it_o record_v the_o custom_n of_o urchenfield_n it_o say_v hae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la erant_fw-la wallensium_n t.r.e._n id_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la for_o the_o man_n of_o urchenfield_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v call_v welsh_a as_o this_o region_n be_v call_v wales_n for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o knights-fee_n in_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v write_v arcenefeld_n in_o wales_n respondere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la daon_n regi_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v i_o make_v a_o parallel_n of_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o law_n use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n you_o will_v find_v they_o all_o one_o and_o both_o compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o most_o with_o they_o also_o the_o peep_n in_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v render_v aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la and_o those_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n upon_o a_o offence_n it_o can_v not_o be_v pay_v neither_o by_o the_o criminal_a nor_o his_o kindred_n then_o be_v he_o to_o undergo_v a_o service_n for_o it_o somewhat_o of_o this_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n for_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o lewes_n in_o domesdey-book_n i_o find_v that_o adulterium_fw-la vel_fw-la raptum_fw-la faciens_fw-la viij_o solid_n &_o four_o den._n emendat_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o faemina_fw-la tantundem_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la hominem_fw-la adulterum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la faeminam_fw-la this_o be_v there_o set_v down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n belong_v to_o that_o town_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o 11._o cap._n of_o his_o law_n it_o be_v thus_o upon_o a_o general_a account_n set_v down_o qui_fw-la uxoratus_fw-la faciet_fw-la adulterium_fw-la habeat_fw-la rex_fw-la ejus_fw-la vel_fw-la dominus_fw-la i_o believe_v ejus_fw-la shall_v be_v set_v after_o dominus_fw-la superiorem_fw-la episcopus_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la and_o these_o ƿere_n be_v sound_v corroborate_v by_o that_o name_n in_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o but_o in_o short_a you_o will_v find_v by_o this_o domesdey-book_n that_o in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n it_o be_v certify_v they_o have_v those_o very_a custom_n in_o the_o norman_a government_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o jocular_a tenor_n but_o whether_o all_o of_o they_o that_o occur_v be_v invent_v or_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o because_o they_o do_v not_o interfere_v upon_o propriety_n nor_o injure_v their_o other_o custom_n one_o custom_n report_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v the_o etc._n the_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n of_o england_n in_o his_o 16_o page_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o saxon_a sign_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o henry_n 8._o to_o his_o son_n edward_n when_o he_o 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