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general_a be_v as_o ancient_a as_o our_o common-law_n and_o perchance_o before_o the_o use_n of_o our_o common-law_n as_o they_o be_v now_o in_o ure_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v give_v and_o grant_v of_o land_n though_o not_o altogether_o in_o that_o exact_a and_o express_a form_n which_o late_a time_n have_v require_v because_o at_o the_o first_o if_o one_o man_n have_v give_v land_n to_o another_o for_o ever_o this_o have_v be_v hold_v a_o sufficient_a grant_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n but_o now_o the_o law_n have_v so_o expound_v and_o distinguish_v that_o if_o the_o word_n heir_n be_n not_o in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v no_o fee-simple_n but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n the_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n donditional_a be_v likewise_o for_o the_o general_a practice_n thereof_o introduce_v upon_o late_a consideration_n of_o which_o at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v no_o recovery_n leave_v in_o the_o giver_n nor_o remainder_n can_v be_v limit_v over_o but_o after_o issue_n have_v which_o be_v the_o condition_n annex_v the_o donee_n or_o he_o to_o who_o the_o gift_n be_v make_v have_v power_n to_o alien_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o estate_n but_o afterward_o this_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n conditional_a be_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o king_n edw._n the_o first_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n in_o the_o donee_n and_o a_o reversion_n in_o the_o donor_n or_o giver_n and_o then_o the_o donee_n may_v not_o by_o any_o act_n bar_v his_o issue_n neither_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o offence_n as_o treason_n nor_o by_o conveyance_n though_o never_o so_o strong_a as_o fine_a etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o great_a and_o most_o beneficial_a estate_n of_o fee-simple_n which_o the_o common-law_n do_v admit_v have_v receive_v his_o degree_n his_o limitation_n and_o alteration_n according_a as_o time_n increase_v of_o knowledge_n in_o the_o law_n and_o of_o conveyance_n and_o assurance_n among_o man_n have_v think_v it_o 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testimonio_fw-la potentum_fw-la omni_fw-la alienatione_fw-la &_o interdixisse_fw-la illum_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la concessit_fw-la talemque_fw-la ei_fw-la imposuisse_fw-la legem_fw-la cum_fw-la primo_fw-la dederit_fw-la out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v note_v both_o the_o fee-simple_n absolute_a and_o conditional_a be_v then_o allow_v and_o in_o use_n and_o also_o time_n fee-simple_n conditional_a also_o know_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n a_o man_n may_v see_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n how_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o a_o gift_n to_o a_o man_n for_o ever_o be_v all_o one_o for_o when_o erle_n godwine_n come_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o get_v the_o manor_n of_o boseham_n in_o sussex_n he_o first_o jest_o say_v to_o he_o as_o mr._n camden_n say_v out_o of_o mapaeus_n dam_fw-la mihi_fw-la boseham_n the_o bishop_n as_o it_o shall_v seem_v scarce_o know_v his_o meaning_n answer_v he_o do_v tibi_fw-la boseham_n whereupon_o without_o any_o more_o livery_n the_o earl_n take_v and_o have_v possession_n thereof_o to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n by_o which_o also_o we_o may_v see_v two_o thing_n that_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v not_o then_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n in_o a_o grant_n to_o create_v a_o fee-simple_n and_o that_o then_o such_o strict_a word_n and_o form_n of_o conveyance_n be_v not_o require_v as_o of_o late_a time_n to_o pass_v estate_n of_o land_n there_o be_v other_o estate_n of_o inferior_a degree_n and_o dignity_n allow_v by_o the_o common-law_n whereof_o some_o be_v account_v inheritance_n and_o freehold_a other_o but_o uncertain_a and_o not_o for_o a_o prefix_a season_n or_o term_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n estate_n for_o life_n twofold_n and_o that_o twofold_a either_o create_v by_o the_o party_n as_o by_o lease_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o create_v by_o the_o law_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o curtefie_v of_o england_n by_o have_v issue_n of_o a_o wife_n inheritrix_n or_o
be_v deliver_v as_o from_o papinian_n some_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o the_o praetorian_a law_n make_v in_o the_o same_o city_n for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v consist_v of_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o people_n the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o prince_n with_o the_o authority_n of_o wise_a man_n but_o the_o praetorian_a law_n be_v those_o which_o the_o praetor_n do_v introduce_v to_o supply_v to_o help_v or_o to_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n so_o be_v there_o allege_a in_o the_o same_o digest_v out_o of_o paulus_n another_o division_n of_o law_n the_o first_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o second_o be_v the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o be_v free_v from_o injustice_n the_o second_o be_v deem_v profitable_a to_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o there_o be_v add_v jus_fw-la law_n the_o praetorian_a law_n differ_v from_o and_o correct_v the_o civil_a law_n honorarium_fw-la or_o the_o praetorian_a law_n as_o if_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v say_v the_o praetor_n do_v give_v law_n though_o he_o do_v determine_v unjust_o have_v relation_n not_o unto_o that_o which_o the_o praetor_n do_v but_o to_o that_o which_o be_v convenient_a for_o he_o to_o do_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o country_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a or_o roman_a law_n or_o that_o the_o civil_a roman_a law_n have_v not_o his_o full_a force_n in_o all_o country_n or_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o only_a law_n that_o govern_v in_o any_o country_n because_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n itself_o do_v admit_v some_o other_o law_n to_o be_v administer_v within_o the_o city_n than_o that_o which_o be_v call_v and_o account_v their_o own_o civil_a law_n or_o jus_n civil_a and_o where_o there_o be_v question_n make_v before_o concern_v the_o civil_a law_n whether_o the_o same_o be_v only_o the_o roman_a law_n or_o as_o well_o other_o municipal_a law_n some_o civilian_n do_v distinguish_v law_n a_o division_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o into_o two_o part_n the_o roman_a law_n they_o call_v jus_n civil_a commune_v and_o the_o other_o jus_n civil_a particular_a to_o the_o first_o they_o refer_v also_o some_o municipal_a law_n especial_o those_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n since_o it_o be_v translate_v to_o germany_n as_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o charles_n the_o four_o also_o the_o constitution_n and_o edict_n of_o germany_n the_o municipal_a or_o civil_a law_n of_o germany_n the_o german_a emperor_n in_o their_o diet_n or_o parliament_n which_o be_v reckon_v and_o refer_v to_o the_o common_a civil_a law_n because_o they_o be_v ordain_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v in_o true_a construction_n but_o particular_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n because_o they_o bound_v none_o but_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n or_o to_o those_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o which_o do_v submit_v themselves_o thereto_o so_o have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n france_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o france_n certain_a particular_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n make_v in_o their_o parliament_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o council_n of_o their_o king_n but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v separate_v their_o council_n of_o state_n from_o those_o parliament_n yet_o the_o parliament_n have_v be_v hold_v in_o certain_a city_n of_o france_n as_o say_v brison_n precedent_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o first_o and_o principal_n hold_v at_o paris_n establish_v by_o philip_n the_o fair_a or_o as_o some_o say_v by_o lewis_n huttin_n his_o son_n the_o second_o at_o tholose_a for_o languedoe_v the_o three_o at_o bourdeaux_n for_o aquitain_n the_o four_o at_o grenoble_n for_o dauphin_n the_o five_o at_o dijon_n for_o burgoigne_n the_o six_o at_o roven_n for_o normandy_n the_o seven_o at_o aix_n for_o provence_n the_o eight_o for_o bretaign_n institute_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o anno_fw-la 1553._o they_o have_v also_o municipal_a and_o particular_a spain_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o spain_n civil_a law_n ordain_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n as_o those_o set_v down_o by_o alphonsus_n the_o 9th_o and_o the_o like_a for_o that_o and_o other_o country_n be_v extant_a and_o in_o use_n the_o kingdom_n of_o scotland_n have_v as_o different_a the_o municipal_a law_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o england_n not_o altogether_o different_a this_o realm_n of_o england_n several_a and_o particular_a municipal_a law_n differ_v from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n as_o for_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n they_o be_v not_o so_o far_o different_a from_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n as_o divers_a do_v conceive_v and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n be_v not_o altogether_o unlike_a these_o of_o england_n but_o in_o many_o point_n do_v concur_v with_o they_o be_v not_o improbable_a for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o book_n concern_v law_n the_o law_n book_n of_o regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la in_o scotland_n like_v to_o glanvil_n book_n of_o the_o english_a law_n the_o ancient_a law_n of_o that_o kingdom_n term_v regius_fw-la majestas_fw-la which_o as_o some_o student_n have_v read_v the_o same_o do_v affirm_v and_o as_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o printer_n epistle_n to_o glanvil_n book_n do_v agree_v much_o and_o in_o many_o place_n word_n for_o word_n with_o the_o say_v glanvil_n book_n and_o do_v often_o vouch_v he_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o both_o these_o realm_n do_v then_o agree_v and_o do_v yet_o in_o most_o point_n which_o have_v not_o be_v alter_v by_o statute_n since_o in_o either_o of_o these_o realm_n also_o king_n james_n in_o one_o of_o his_o speech_n make_v to_o the_o knight_n and_o burgess_n of_o the_o low_a house_n of_o parliament_n do_v pronounce_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o trial_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o scotland_n be_v bring_v from_o this_o of_o england_n show_v the_o time_n author_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o therefore_o it_o one_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n may_v in_o main_a point_n be_v convenient_o make_v all_o one_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o there_o be_v not_o such_o great_a discrepancy_n or_o contrariety_n betwixt_o the_o law_n of_o both_o these_o kingdom_n but_o that_o by_o due_a examination_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v a_o consonance_n betwixt_o they_o in_o many_o if_o not_o in_o most_o point_n but_o for_o the_o law_n of_o england_n how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o other_o law_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n our_o law_n of_o england_n do_v differ_v as_o in_o name_n so_o in_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n consideration_n and_o condition_n from_o the_o law_n of_o other_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n first_o for_o the_o name_n they_o receive_v a_o common_a appellation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n a_o name_n scarce_o give_v to_o the_o law_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n england_n why_o our_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n therefore_o whence_o it_o receive_v this_o denomination_n of_o the_o common_a law_n may_v breed_v some_o question_n some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a custom_n or_o of_o custom_n allow_v for_o lawful_a within_o this_o realm_n but_o this_o be_v not_o certain_a nor_o scarce_o probable_a as_o shall_v be_v show_v anon_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o these_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n be_v rather_o make_v part_n than_o distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a law_n some_o other_o suppose_v that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o make_v difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o statute_n law_n which_o as_o they_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n of_o constitution_n than_o be_v the_o common_a law_n as_o will_v be_v make_v evident_a so_o be_v they_o of_o several_a sort_n in_o themselves_o as_o some_o of_o these_o statute_n be_v general_a and_o ordain_v for_o all_o the_o subject_n some_o be_v particular_a and_o make_v for_o the_o settle_n of_o particular_a man_n estate_n and_o of_o particular_a trade_n corporation_n and_o faculty_n therefore_o these_o can_v be_v nor_o may_v not_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o but_o only_o in_o this_o sense_n because_o they_o be_v constitute_v with_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o they_o
enchiridion_n legum_n a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o beginning_n nature_n difference_n progress_n and_o use_v of_o law_n in_o general_z and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o common_a &_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n london_n print_v by_o elizabeth_n flesher_n john_n streater_n and_o henry_n twyford_n assign_v of_o richard_n atkins_n &_o edw._n atkins_n esquire_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o g._n s._n h._n t._n j._n p._n w._n p._n j._n b._n t._n b._n r._n p._n c._n w._n t._n d._n w._n j._n c._n h._n j._n l._n j._n a._n j._n w._n &_o j._n p._n m_o dc_o lxx_o iii_o the_o head_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n contain_v in_o this_o treatise_n chap._n i._n the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n pag._n 1._o chap._n ii_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o là w_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n pag._n 16._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o how_o they_o do_v differ_v from_o other_o law_n pag._n 31._o chap._n iu._n a_o answer_n to_o certain_a objection_n usual_o make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 57_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v chief_o obtain_v pag._n 83._o chap._n vi_o of_o estate_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 89._o chap._n vii_o of_o assurance_n &_o conveyance_n which_o grow_v out_o of_o these_o estate_n by_o the_o common-law_n pag._n 95._o chap._n viii_o of_o action_n and_o of_o their_o trial_n according_a to_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n pag._n 103._o chap._n ix_o of_o trial_n allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n pag._n 106._o chap._n x._o of_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o minister_n and_o proceed_n of_o our_o law_n conceive_v worthy_a to_o be_v reform_v pag._n 111._o enchiridion_n legum_n chap._n 1._o the_o definition_n etymology_n division_n perfection_n and_o imperfection_n of_o law_n what_o be_v require_v to_o the_o make_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o necessity_n mean_v to_o treat_v first_o of_o law_n in_o general_a and_o next_o of_o the_o common_a or_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o conceive_v it_o can_v be_v unprofitable_a for_o a_o introduction_n unto_o this_o intendment_n to_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n whereof_o justinian_n have_v deliver_v three_o derive_v out_o of_o demosthenes_n chrysippus_n and_o papinian_n one_o be_v that_o a_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v that_o whereunto_o man_n ought_v to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o in_o other_o respect_n so_o especial_o in_o this_o because_o it_o be_v a_o invention_n of_o the_o god_n a_o decree_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o correction_n of_o offence_n commit_v either_o witting_o or_o ignorant_o a_o covenant_n of_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n with_o one_o accord_n after_o the_o direction_n whereof_o every_o citizen_n ought_v to_o order_v his_o life_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sovereign_n of_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a that_o be_v a_o commander_n a_o guide_n and_o a_o square_a both_o of_o good_a and_o bad_a enjoin_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a the_o one_o of_o these_o be_v rather_o a_o description_n than_o a_o definition_n and_o it_o describe_v rather_o the_o natural_a than_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o the_o other_o be_v fit_v rather_o to_o a_o orator_n than_o a_o lawyer_n we_o may_v therefore_o let_v they_o pass_v and_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o which_o set_v down_o the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o general_a determination_n of_o wise_a man_n a_o comptroller_n of_o fault_n either_o escape_v through_o ignorance_n or_o commit_v upon_o wilfulness_n and_o it_o be_v a_o general_a agreement_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n jason_n observe_v that_o the_o law_n be_v a_o general_a commandment_n in_o three_o respect_n either_o because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o a_o general_a authority_n or_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o and_o bind_v all_o or_o else_o because_o it_o be_v intend_v general_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o cicero_n define_v the_o law_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a reason_n flow_v from_o the_o divine_a mind_n which_o do_v persuade_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v the_o contrary_n and_o plato_n say_v that_o the_o law_n obtain_v a_o name_n like_o to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o whilst_o the_o law_n be_v define_v by_o the_o divine_a mind_n it_o seem_v as_o one_o say_v to_o be_v define_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a and_o general_a than_o subject_n to_o common_a capacity_n yet_o be_v these_o definition_n in_o some_o sort_n true_a be_v rather_o refer_v to_o the_o eternal_a law_n than_o to_o the_o positive_a and_o humane_a law_n as_o shall_v be_v short_o show_v in_o his_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n for_o that_o these_o as_o the_o former_a be_v as_o be_v say_v before_o rather_o description_n than_o perfect_a definition_n to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o purpose_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o humane_a law_n be_v a_o order_n and_o ordinance_n include_v the_o rule_n and_o reason_n of_o govern_v and_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o due_n direct_v to_o the_o end_n of_o public_a good_a determine_v punishment_n to_o the_o transgressor_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o obedient_a therefore_o to_o conclude_v humane_a law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o ordinance_n and_o agreement_n of_o wise_a man_n conclude_v by_o public_a authority_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n live_v together_o in_o society_n it_o be_v say_v for_o the_o great_a part_n because_o no_o humane_a positive_a law_n be_v so_o general_o good_a unto_o all_o but_o that_o it_o be_v hurtful_a unto_o some_o by_o accident_n if_o not_o of_o itself_o if_o any_o do_v desire_n to_o know_v from_o law_n the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n which_o we_o call_v law_n whence_o this_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o call_v law_n be_v derive_v some_o will_v say_v with_o isidorus_n that_o it_o have_v his_o etymology_n à _fw-la legendo_fw-la because_o after_o the_o law_n be_v write_v it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v read_v unto_o the_o people_n but_o this_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a in_o that_o the_o read_n of_o the_o law_n by_o way_n of_o promulgation_n be_v but_o accidentary_a and_o no_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o law_n although_o some_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o a_o law_n can_v not_o be_v perfect_o establish_v until_o it_o be_v promulgate_v by_o way_n of_o proclamation_n other_o will_v derive_v the_o word_n lex_n à _fw-la ligando_fw-la for_o as_o much_o as_o divine_v hold_v that_o man_n be_v tie_v in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o they_o be_v bind_v under_o penalty_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o yet_o cicero_n concur_v with_o the_o first_o derivation_n but_o with_o a_o farther-fetched_a reason_n than_o the_o former_a quoth_v lex_n idem_fw-la sit_fw-la quod_fw-la legendi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la eligendi_fw-la regula_fw-la the_o reason_n be_v nam_fw-la regula_fw-la dirigendo_fw-la docet_fw-la eligere_fw-la it_o may_v yet_o well_o enough_o agree_v unto_o both_o for_o one_o say_v habet_fw-la lex_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la regula_n &_o quod_fw-la sit_fw-la obligatoria_fw-la praeceptio_fw-la how_o soever_o these_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n lex_n do_v stand_v false_a or_o true_a it_o make_v not_o much_o matter_n so_o we_o leave_v they_o as_o more_o grammatical_a and_o conjectural_a than_o certain_a and_o infallible_a the_o word_n lex_n which_o in_o english_a we_o law_n a_o double_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n law_n call_v law_n have_v in_o our_o language_n a_o double_a signification_n or_o be_v take_v two_o way_n for_o it_o be_v take_v both_o for_o that_o which_o the_o latin_n term_v lex_fw-la and_o for_o that_o which_o they_o call_v juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la the_o one_o be_v the_o art_n of_o the_o other_o for_o lex_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v and_o to_o be_v leave_v undo_v but_o juris_fw-la prudentia_fw-la be_v the_o knowledge_n and_o method_n of_o that_o rule_n as_o justice_n be_v the_o execution_n of_o they_o both_o which_o have_v his_o force_n in_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o in_o praemio_fw-la paena_fw-la &_o debito_fw-la so_o then_o in_o the_o first_o sense_n the_o word_n law_n be_v proper_o apply_v but_o in_o the_o second_o it_o be_v somewhat_o large_o extend_v yet_o use_v and_o common_a opinion_n have_v so_o accept_v it_o this_o law_n have_v for_o his_o subject_n and_o object_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n except_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v the_o great_a rule-giver_n and_o lawmaker_n and_o he_o
common_a peace_n and_o society_n of_o man_n lest_o the_o like_a occasion_n of_o wrong_n do_v shall_v grow_v general_a and_o so_o in_o the_o end_n hurtful_a to_o all_o so_o by_o this_o secondary_a law_n of_o nation_n grow_v the_o division_n of_o good_n the_o distinction_n of_o property_n free_a commerce_n betwixt_o nation_n common_a contract_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o the_o secondary_a nature_n the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nation_n no_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n law_n of_o nation_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o differ_v also_o from_o the_o primary_n law_n of_o nation_n itself_o now_o let_v we_o see_v next_o how_o the_o civil_a law_n differ_v or_o be_v distinguish_v from_o these_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n the_o civil_a law_n or_o the_o appellation_n way_n the_o name_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n take_v two_o way_n thereof_o be_v take_v in_o two_o several_a signification_n for_o either_o it_o be_v in_o a_o strict_a signification_n account_v particular_o and_o only_o for_o the_o roman_a law_n first_o set_v down_o by_o papirius_n papinian_n ulpian_n and_o other_o and_o afterward_o collect_v into_o the_o institutes_n pandect_n or_o digest_v novel_n constitution_n and_o the_o feuda_n by_o justinian_n commandment_n or_o else_o in_o a_o more_o proper_a sense_n it_o be_v accept_v for_o the_o particular_a law_n which_o every_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n do_v constitute_v for_o itself_o and_o although_o caius_n with_o other_o learned_a civilian_n do_v confess_v that_o the_o law_n which_o every_o city_n do_v make_v for_o itself_o be_v proper_o entitle_v jus_n civil_a quasi_fw-la jus_o proprium_fw-la ipsius_fw-la civitatis_fw-la yet_o the_o roman_n have_v get_v under_o their_o subjection_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n give_v law_n unto_o all_o nation_n conquer_a by_o they_o which_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o excellency_n they_o term_v jus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la or_o jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la therefore_o justinian_n after_o he_o have_v cause_v the_o digest_v to_o be_v compile_v command_v his_o judge_n that_o these_o law_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o all_o country_n and_o that_o his_o praetor_n of_o the_o east_n of_o illyria_n lybia_n and_o other_o part_n shall_v put_v they_o in_o practice_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o roman_a or_o imperial_a law_n be_v general_o call_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o most_o place_n be_v ever_o since_o so_o observe_v whereas_o otherwise_o in_o proper_a sense_n and_o signification_n the_o particular_a law_n of_o each_o free_a city_n and_o state_n aught_o to_o be_v call_v their_o civil_a law_n but_o both_o these_o that_o be_v the_o roman_a and_o imperial_a civil_a law_n and_o nation_n the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n do_v not_o whole_o differ_v from_o or_o depend_v on_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n the_o particular_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o city_n commonweal_n or_o free_a state_n do_v not_o whole_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n nor_o whole_o depend_v on_o they_o in_o this_o because_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n be_v permanent_a and_o perpetual_a be_v always_o the_o same_o without_o any_o alteration_n but_o the_o other_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o roman_a civil_a law_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o many_o mutation_n the_o roman_a law_n subject_n to_o sundry_a mutation_n mutation_n alteration_n and_o abrogation_n so_o likewise_o all_o other_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n have_v be_v and_o be_v according_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o time_n of_o state_n and_o of_o sundry_a circumstance_n for_o example_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n rome_n the_o law_n of_o the_o king_n of_o rome_n whilst_o the_o roman_a state_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o king_n they_o make_v such_o law_n as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o that_o time_n the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o city_n and_o their_o own_o purpose_n 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at_o that_o time_n for_o good_a law_n and_o government_n that_o they_o may_v be_v better_o please_v with_o foreign_a law_n who_o envy_v and_o hold_v not_o their_o own_o indifferent_a which_o do_v they_o draw_v those_o law_n bring_v rome_n the_o law_n of_o the_o 12_o table_n fetch_v from_o greece_n to_o rome_n from_o thence_o into_o ten_o table_n to_o which_o they_o add_v two_o more_o of_o their_o own_o these_o they_o call_v the_o twelve_o table_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o yet_o two_o year_n after_o these_o law_n be_v bring_v to_o rome_n and_o establish_v there_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o decemviri_fw-la upon_o which_o the_o force_n of_o these_o law_n do_v depend_v cease_v and_o be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o lust_n and_o licentious_a life_n of_o appius_n claudius_n be_v one_o of_o they_o and_o although_o those_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n continue_v afterward_o as_o ground_n of_o other_o law_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o add_v to_o and_o alter_v as_o 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be_v of_o great_a force_n for_o the_o time_n but_o of_o no_o long_a continuance_n for_o they_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o praetor_n and_o do_v often_o end_n with_o their_o year_n thus_o the_o roman_a law_n remain_v in_o much_o uncertainty_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n who_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n do_v cause_v these_o law_n to_o be_v make_v perpetual_a whence_o grow_v the_o name_n of_o edictum_fw-la infringe_v adrian_n edictum_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la infringe_v perpetuum_fw-la but_o yet_o in_o divers_a succeed_a age_n sundry_a of_o these_o law_n be_v also_o abrogate_a and_o even_o the_o law_n compile_v in_o the_o pandect_n and_o code_o by_o justinian_n commandment_n be_v some_o of_o they_o by_o he_o alter_v and_o many_o take_v away_o in_o a_o latter_a book_n call_v the_o authentic_o all_o which_o be_v allege_v to_o show_v the_o instability_n change_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n which_o have_v be_v find_v uncertain_a in_o their_o ground_n and_o unstable_a in_o their_o continuance_n second_o we_o may_v see_v that_o there_o be_v difference_n betwixt_o the_o civil_a roman_a law_n and_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o other_o state_n for_o though_o the_o roman_a imperial_a call_v the_o civil_a law_n do_v bear_v much_o sway_n in_o most_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o have_v place_n in_o law_n all_o country_n have_v some_o particular_a law_n and_o ordinance_n different_a from_o the_o civil_a roman_a law_n their_o proceed_n of_o justice_n but_o least_o of_o any_o place_n within_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n yet_o have_v all_o country_n their_o several_a custom_n statute_n and_o particular_a ordinance_n discrepant_a in_o divers_a point_n from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o roman_a imperial_a civil_a law_n which_o be_v no_o marvel_n since_o in_o the_o digest_v there_o
be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n must_v live_v under_o they_o and_o may_v challenge_v they_o as_o their_o birthright_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o estate_n right_o and_o liberty_n in_o which_o sense_n also_o the_o general_a law_n of_o any_o kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v call_v their_o common_a law_n howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v a_o question_n how_o at_o the_o first_o the_o name_n of_o our_o common_a law_n come_v or_o how_o the_o same_o may_v differ_v from_o the_o statute_n law_n or_o from_o any_o other_o law_n allow_v within_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o law_n the_o municipal_a law_n of_o england_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a title_n of_o our_o law_n term_n and_o title_n of_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o land_n be_v both_o proper_a to_o our_o law_n and_o do_v include_v all_o our_o law_n as_o well_o the_o statute_n as_o common_a law_n first_o it_o be_v proper_a in_o that_o our_o law_n of_o this_o land_n be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o thereto_o adjacent_a be_v not_o elsewhere_o in_o use_n or_o allow_v now_o for_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n under_o which_o title_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a kind_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n may_v ground_n the_o division_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n into_o several_a part_n and_o ground_n be_v most_o apt_o comprehend_v sundry_a person_n have_v make_v several_a division_n thereof_o some_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o custom_n which_o be_v like_a to_o the_o civilian_n jus_n privatum_fw-la and_o into_o statute_n law_n other_o into_o common_a law_n custom_n and_o statute_n law_n this_o last_o division_n consist_v of_o three_o england_n another_o division_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n part_n seingerman_n in_o his_o fundamental_a partition_n of_o our_o law_n double_v by_o add_v thereto_o another_o 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custom_n do_v not_o equal_o extend_v throughout_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v incorporate_v into_o our_o law_n they_o be_v but_o private_a and_o not_o our_o common_a law_n second_o the_o judge_n do_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la take_v notice_n of_o the_o one_o but_o not_o without_o a_o special_a plead_n of_o the_o other_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v in_o some_o sort_n that_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n or_o for_o lawful_a may_v be_v make_v some_o part_n of_o our_o law_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v hardly_o allow_v they_o the_o honour_n to_o be_v make_v ground_n of_o our_o law_n unless_o they_o be_v first_o reduce_v to_o certainty_n and_o so_o be_v make_v as_o it_o be_v maxim_n so_o be_v general_a receive_v opinion_n by_o custom_n continuance_n and_o approbation_n of_o authority_n and_o judgement_n make_v common_a law_n whereto_o some_o add_v this_o rule_n communis_fw-la error_n facit_fw-la legem_fw-la as_o for_o the_o other_o addition_n of_o st._n germane_a allow_v st._n germane_a division_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o law_n not_o allow_v sextuple_a division_n of_o our_o law_n of_o england_n although_o he_o have_v therein_o show_v some_o learning_n yet_o without_o offence_n be_v it_o speak_v he_o have_v muster_v together_o divers_a thing_n different_a in_o name_n but_o the_o same_o in_o nature_n for_o what_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n other_o than_o the_o law_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v right_o understand_v because_o what_o proceed_v from_o reason_n not_o darken_v with_o the_o cloud_n of_o error_n but_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v character_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o he_o which_o first_o frame_v it_o according_a to_o his_o likeness_n and_o say_v seneca_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la he_o answer_v himself_o naturae_fw-la imitatio_fw-la therefore_o that_o our_o law_n of_o england_n be_v compose_v and_o whole_o frame_v on_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v more_o than_o may_v be_v say_v of_o they_o or_o of_o any_o other_o humane_a positive_a law_n but_o that_o they_o do_v depend_v on_o they_o and_o not_o main_o differ_v from_o they_o may_v be_v well_o and_o true_o justify_v now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o have_v be_v mention_n make_v of_o three_o principal_a part_n of_o our_o municipal_a law_n let_v we_o a_o little_a take_v some_o particular_a and_o several_a view_n of_o they_o what_o they_o be_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n the_o statute_n examine_v the_o particular_a part_n of_o our_o law_n examine_v law_n and_o custom_n allow_v for_o law_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n consist_v partly_o of_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o law_n as_o be_v allow_v by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n england_n what_o law_n king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n allow_v in_o england_n who_o neither_o whole_o introduce_v his_o norman_a law_n nor_o altogether_o allow_v of_o the_o former_a but_o out_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o either_o take_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o present_a government_n the_o former_a law_n which_o he_o allow_v of_o be_v such_o of_o the_o saxon_n and_o danish_a law_n as_o he_o find_v fit_a for_o the_o time_n and_o first_o of_o the_o saxon_n who_o come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n about_o anno_fw-la 449._o who_o king_n ethelbert_n of_o kent_n do_v constitute_v as_o beda_n say_v decreta_fw-la judiciorum_fw-la conqueror_n some_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a law_n allow_v by_o the_o conqueror_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la quae_fw-la conscripta_fw-la say_v he_o anglorum_fw-la sermone_fw-la hactenus_fw-la habentur_fw-la &_o observantur_fw-la the_o succeed_a saxon_a king_n do_v in_o their_o wintenagemote_n or_o conventus_fw-la sapientum_fw-la which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o parliament_n make_v diverse_a constitution_n cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la &_o senatorum_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la as_o that_o learned_a and_o industrious_a gentleman_n mr._n lambert_n affirm_v who_o compile_v some_o of_o they_o into_o one_o book_n as_o the_o law_n of_o inas_fw-la alfred_n athelstan_n atheldred_n canutus_n edgar_n edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o other_o out_o of_o which_o the_o conqueror_n take_v such_o as_o he_o think_v convenient_a whereof_o some_o be_v enumerate_v by_o the_o forename_a mr._n lambert_n and_o by_o hoveden_n also_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n he_o law_n the_o conqueror_n allowance_n of_o the_o former_a law_n say_v of_o the_o conqueror_n decrevit_fw-la subjectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la populum_fw-la viri_fw-la scripto_fw-la legibusque_fw-la subjicere_fw-la propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la secundum_fw-la tripartitam_fw-la earum_fw-la distinctionem_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la merchenleg_n daneleg_n &_o west_n saxenleg_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la etc._n etc._n england_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o then_o we_o see_v that_o king_n william_n the_o 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matter_n as_o be_v mischievous_a in_o the_o
case_n and_o in_o some_o court_n go_v out_o in_o the_o king_n name_n also_o for_o the_o convent_v and_o summon_v of_o any_o man_n before_o the_o judge_n great_a liberty_n be_v give_v by_o the_o law_n of_o etc._n by_o the_o civil_a law_n one_o may_v not_o convent_n a_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n england_n than_o be_v ancient_o allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o man_n may_v not_o convent_n a_o magistrate_n nor_o judge_n nor_o one_o that_o be_v marry_v a_o wife_n or_o a_o man_n that_o be_v perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o his_o friend_n or_o a_o man_n that_o be_v plead_v or_o follow_v his_o cause_n before_o a_o judge_n nee_n parentem_fw-la patronum_fw-la parent_n patroni_fw-la in_o jus_fw-la say_v the_o praetor_n sine_fw-la permissu_fw-la meo_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la vocet_fw-la but_o by_o the_o england_n none_o exempt_v from_o suit_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n law_n of_o england_n none_o be_v exempt_v from_o suit_n only_a duke_n earl_n baron_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v privilege_v that_o a_o man_n can_v attach_v or_o take_v their_o person_n by_o capias_fw-la both_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o nobility_n and_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v they_o be_v never_o without_o some_o good_n or_o land_n which_o may_v satisfy_v the_o debt_n but_o if_o the_o action_n be_v against_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n or_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la then_o for_o their_o violence_n their_o body_n also_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o king_n writ_n the_o same_o law_n be_v of_o abbot_n and_o prior_n england_n the_o civil_a law_n allow_v more_o exemption_n from_o appear_v to_o suit_n than_o the_o law_n of_o england_n but_o the_o civil_a law_n allow_v a_o great_a liberty_n and_o say_v general_o eas_fw-la personas_fw-la quibus_fw-la reverentia_fw-la praestanda_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la jussu_fw-la praetoris_fw-la in_o jus_fw-la vocare_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la and_o yet_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v more_o liberal_a in_o allow_v exemption_n from_o 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of_o nice_a observation_n and_o also_o have_v endure_v alteration_n in_o plead_v for_o first_o the_o civil_a law_n after_o that_o in_o rome_n the_o decemviri_fw-la have_v get_v the_o law_n of_o the_o 12_o table_n and_o that_o interpretation_n grow_v frequent_a upon_o they_o than_o say_v pomponius_n exit_fw-la his_fw-la legibus_fw-la eodem_fw-la fere_n tempore_fw-la actiones_fw-la compositae_fw-la sunt_fw-la quibus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la homines_fw-la disceptarent_fw-la quas_fw-la actiones_fw-la ne_fw-la populus_fw-la ut_fw-la vellet_fw-la institueret_fw-la certas_fw-la solennesque_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la &_o appellata_fw-la haec_fw-la pars_fw-la juris_fw-la legis_fw-la actiones_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la legitimae_fw-la actiones_fw-la and_o immediate_o after_o say_v he_o omnium_fw-la harum_fw-la interpretandi_fw-la scientia_fw-la &_o actiones_fw-la apud_fw-la collegium_fw-la pontificum_fw-la erant_fw-la etc._n etc._n afterward_o the_o action_n be_v as_o livy_n report_v and_o the_o book_n of_o they_o get_v by_o c._n flavius_n secretary_n to_o appius_n claudius_n be_v by_o he_o publish_v and_o so_o communicate_v to_o the_o common_a people_n for_o which_o they_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o tribuneship_n and_o other_o magistracy_n they_o call_v that_o book_n jus_n civil_a flavianum_n like_a to_o which_o also_o sextus_n aelius_n frame_v another_o which_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n jus_fw-la aelianum_fw-la these_o formulae_fw-la juris_fw-la be_v use_v very_o strict_o for_o say_v wesenbechius_n olim_fw-la ut_fw-la omne_fw-la ordine_fw-la &_o recte_fw-la procederent_fw-la &_o ne_fw-la temere_fw-la sineque_fw-la causa_fw-la quis_fw-la ad_fw-la jurgia_fw-la &_o light_n conudaret_n impetrandum_fw-la erat_fw-la à _fw-la praetore_fw-la judicium_fw-la qui_fw-la actori_fw-la postulatam_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la actionem_fw-la impertiebatur_fw-la &_o formulam_fw-la agendi_fw-la disceptandique_fw-la pedaneo_fw-la judici_fw-la &_o litigatoribus_fw-la praescribebat_fw-la so_o that_o then_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o planitiffe_n do_v get_v his_o form_n of_o plead_v from_o the_o judge_n or_o praetor_n which_o be_v afterward_o upon_o experience_n of_o inconvenience_n alter_v by_o the_o rescript_n of_o constantine_n which_o justinian_n have_v put_v in_o his_o code_n likewise_o theodosius_n and_o valentinian_n have_v do_v the_o same_o but_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o plead_n of_o our_o common_a law_n be_v that_o at_o no_o time_n be_v the_o law_n a_o strict_a form_n of_o plead_v require_v but_o not_o particular_o prescribe_v by_o our_o law_n plaintiff_n tie_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n to_o receive_v his_o whole_a form_n of_o plead_v from_o the_o judge_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o be_v require_v to_o set_v down_o a_o strict_a form_n of_o plead_v according_a to_o the_o law_n upon_o his_o own_o peril_n also_o another_o difference_n there_o be_v in_o law_n different_a form_n of_o plead_v in_o our_o own_o 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sum_fw-la dominus_fw-la quia_fw-la emi_fw-it where_o the_o remote_a cause_n be_v also_o contain_v a_o very_a nice_a difference_n which_o be_v not_o exact_v in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_n action_n how_o in_o our_o law_n the_o remote_a and_o next_o cause_n be_v both_o express_v in_o all_o action_n in_o our_o law_n but_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o we_o that_o in_o every_o man_n real_a personal_a and_o mix_v action_n the_o causa_fw-la propanqua_fw-la and_o remota_fw-la be_v both_o put_v in_o the_o declaration_n yet_o so_o that_o in_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o the_o writ_n common_o be_v express_v the_o next_o cause_n and_o in_o the_o declaration_n which_o contain_v the_o writ_n also_o the_o remote_a cause_n but_o in_o some_o the_o writ_n do_v contain_v the_o other_o as_o in_o waist_n the_o writ_n quare_fw-la fecit_fw-la vastum_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la quas_fw-la tenuit_fw-la ex_fw-la dimissione_n ad_fw-la exhaereditationemâ—_n here_o be_v the_o remote_a cause_n but_o in_o action_n of_o debt_n praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la vj._n libr._n quas_fw-la debet_fw-la here_o be_v the_o next_o cause_n and_o the_o declaration_n contain_v the_o remote_a as_o contract_n bargain_n etc._n etc._n neither_o be_v there_o any_o
declaration_n in_o our_o law_n as_o the_o form_n be_v now_o use_v but_o contain_v both_o cause_n in_o it_o beside_o there_o be_v other_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o form_n use_v in_o the_o plead_n and_o declaration_n of_o both_o the_o law_n which_o will_v be_v too_o long_o and_o tedious_a to_o recite_v the_o next_o difference_n be_v in_o the_o process_n process_n 3._o the_o three_o difference_n in_o the_o award_v of_o process_n award_v in_o both_o the_o law_n concern_v the_o award_v of_o process_n we_o find_v that_o with_o we_o in_o personal_a action_n i_o mean_v in_o many_o of_o they_o join_v statute_n law_n and_o common_a law_n together_o law_n in_o action_n personal_a more_o process_n and_o delay_n permit_v by_o our_o law_n than_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v common_o award_v if_o the_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n summons_n attachment_n distress_n three_o capias_fw-la with_o a_o exigent_n at_o the_o last_o whereby_o the_o king_n have_v title_n for_o the_o party_n contumacy_n to_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v now_o remedy_n by_o accident_n only_o and_o if_o the_o defendant_n appear_v and_o reverse_v the_o outlary_n or_o get_v pardon_n and_o so_o answer_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o this_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v this_o suit_n may_v depend_v long_o yet_o the_o defendant_n never_o convent_v but_o at_o two_o or_o three_o year_n end_n the_o plaintiff_n may_v be_v drive_v to_o declare_v anew_o as_o if_o he_o have_v but_o then_o begin_v his_o suit_n but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o the_o pandect_n show_v we_o and_o wesenbech_n affirm_v the_o term_n to_o be_v now_o in_o the_o empire_n post_fw-la absentiam_fw-la adversarii_fw-la petat_fw-la quis_fw-la edictum_fw-la primum_fw-la mox_fw-la alterum_fw-la per_fw-la intervallum_fw-la non_fw-la minus_fw-la decem_fw-la dierum_fw-la &_o tertium_fw-la quibus_fw-la propositis_fw-la tunc_fw-la peremptoriè_fw-la impetret_fw-la quod_fw-la inde_fw-la hoc_fw-la nomen_fw-la sumpsit_fw-la quod_fw-la perimeret_fw-la disceptationem_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la non_fw-la pateretur_fw-la adversarium_fw-la tergiversari_fw-la then_o if_o the_o defendant_n appear_v at_o the_o day_n give_v he_o by_o the_o peremptory_a edict_n law_n no_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o if_o he_o do_v not_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v discuss_v and_o judgement_n give_v for_o he_o who_o part_n shall_v be_v find_v best_a but_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n appear_v not_o than_o nothing_o shall_v be_v do_v but_o circumducendum_fw-la erit_fw-la edictum_fw-la perpetuum_fw-la and_o the_o peremptory_a edict_n may_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v grant_v at_o the_o first_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n so_o that_o law_n the_o interest_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n less_o subject_a to_o prejudice_v in_o action_n personal_n by_o the_o civil_a 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to_o go_v a_o near_a way_n than_o be_v to_o be_v find_v be_v as_o the_o proverb_n be_v but_o the_o next_o way_n about_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o last_o judge_v case_n be_v most_o in_o force_n and_o the_o former_a many_o time_n abrogate_a or_o alter_v yet_o the_o old_a case_n give_v ground_n of_o law_n unto_o the_o new_a and_o by_o peruse_v both_o the_o difference_n of_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o one_o firm_a and_o the_o other_o to_o fail_v be_v best_a discern_v so_o that_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o humane_a law_n no_o study_n require_v more_o the_o read_n of_o old_a and_o new_a author_n than_o do_v our_o law_n science_n which_o require_v more_o the_o revolution_n of_o old_a and_o new_a the_o conference_n of_o precedent_n and_o subsequent_a matter_n and_o in_o conclusion_n that_o exact_v more_o the_o study_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o that_o science_n than_o do_v the_o entire_a study_n of_o the_o whole_a volume_n of_o our_o law_n to_o make_v a_o man_n to_o 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demonstration_n in_o the_o common_a law_n whereof_o there_o be_v very_o many_o howsoever_o some_o conceive_v the_o contrary_n to_o shape_v some_o answer_n unto_o the_o last_o most_o usual_a &_o effectual_a objection_n make_v against_o our_o law_n that_o be_v that_o the_o judge_n private_a opinion_n and_o reason_n do_v usual_o alter_v the_o law_n and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v always_o in_o a_o labyrinth_n of_o uncertainty_n although_o my_o judgement_n in_o the_o law_n be_v so_o slender_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o answer_v so_o important_a a_o objection_n tend_v so_o much_o to_o the_o disgrace_n of_o our_o law_n and_o indeed_o to_o the_o great_a scandal_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o this_o realm_n the_o execution_n whereof_o depend_v most_o on_o these_o judgement_n suppose_v to_o be_v so_o uncertain_a yet_o i_o will_v be_v bold_a to_o speak_v what_o i_o conceive_v leave_v the_o more_o full_a answer_n hereof_o to_o they_o that_o be_v much_o