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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16279	The discription of the contrey of Aphrique the fyrst part of the worlde, with the cituation of al the countreys together, with the perticuler maners lawes, and ceremonies, of dyuers people inhabityng in the same part. Translated out of Frenche into Englyshe by Wyllyam Prat of London, the fyrst daye of the newe yere, M.CCCCC.LIIII. Rede it dylygently, marke it perfectly, reuolue it thorowly, beare it equally, beholde the auctours simplicitie, and prayse God almyghty.; Omnium gentium mores. Book 1. English	Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Prat, William.	1554 (1554)	STC 3196.5; ESTC S112745	45,413	174

those partes of the bodye whiche had done the offence shoulde beare the payne and punyshment were suffred notwithstandynge to lyue for others examples They haue also a greuous punishmēt for the mā whiche occupyeth parforce the free women that is shall haue his mēbers cut of By that one euyll acte say they he commyteth thre crymes Fyrst he hath defiled the woman Secondly he hath commytted force and vyolence Thyrdly he let increase of chylder or at the lest staynned the parentage and blode He whiche is taken in adulterye shall suffre great tourmentes and in the syght of the woman his nose shal be cut of by that meanes they wyll depreue him of part of his visage the whiche lost in contynent loseth his beutye We fynd in aucters that Bocchoris was the inuēture of the lawes obserued among the Egyptiens concernyng worldly matters This amongst alother was ordeyned the money lent without a byll or recognisence the borower without fraude to repaye agayne to the Apprester for they holde this oppinion That the promesse and fayth is of great efficacy and vertue They dyd defende that any vnreasonable vserars should be had in theyr countrey Also they woulde that no man shoulde haue theyr bodies bounde for any dette Thynkyng it is suffyciente to haue theyr goodes bounde and not their bodyes to be subiecte to no other thynges but to the prefermente of all publyke like matters They thē selues dyd fynd this to be repungnāt against reason that the mē of warre which put theym selues forth in infinitte dangers for the cause of the comē weale to be caryed to pryson as they were oftymes by reason of suche dettes as they toke vp at vsarye The lyke to this lawe there was traunsported by Solon to the Athenes and was called Sisatee By the which they wold not suffre that the bodye of a Citiziner shuld be kept in pryson for moneye taken vp at vserye Moreouer the sayde lawes the Ethiopiens obserue one particular law as cōcerning theues by the whiche it was establyshed that all they whiche had stolne any thynge shulde brynge the stolne before the hygh Priest and to giue him their names in writynge In lykewyse he which had the robery done to must come before the high Priest and declare what he hathe lost the daye and tyme whan and how the robbery was committed so by that meanes the thynges lost be recouered Alwayes it was prouyded that the fourth parte of the stolne goodes the robber shulde haue To make this lawe ther was certeyne lawyers that consydered wyth them selues that it shulde be vnpossible to dryue out of the countrey all theues thought it therfore most expedient to fynde the wayes that suche gentyll men as had lost theyr goodes myght be restored to them agayne made this lawe that the fourthe parte shoulde be to the thefe and the rest to the howner The estate of mariage is not in the same vniforme amongst the Egyptiens as it was with thē For the pristes coulde take but one wyfe in maryage the other as manye as they wolde or coulde meynteyne They thynke the chyld is neuer Illigitemetly begotten I suppose they be ingendred of a woman slauesse for that the man doth iudge the chyld to be God the woman which bare him in her bely to serue for no other purpose but to nourse hī that he may lyue The hole charge the father is at with the chylde from his Infancye vntyll he come to age is not aboue .xx. Drachimes whiche is ten pens Englyshe The Priestes do instructe the chyldren with holye letters and good bookes They also teache them their scyences as Geometrie Arithimetique They do not study to learne the feites of warres neyther exercyse they mornynge nor the arte of musycke they haue this opinion That mournynge is pernetious for yonge Infantes musycke vnprofytable as to purchase vnto them great infamation The maners to heale malydies and disseases is to obserue a dyet or to prouoke to vomet for seynge as they do saye that all sycknesses cōmeth by the superfluitiē of meates they can fynde no better medycyne to helpe the sycke patient then to folow the aboue named rurle The men of warre do spende nothynge to haue Barbers or Phisicions for that at the sole and onely charge of the common weale there be Phisicions sounde which do heale theym whan they be hurt They haue cer tayne kynd of medycens left them in wrytyng by theyr predycessors whiche be regestred in bookes called holy If a man obseruynge the maner of the medycens conteynyng in theyr bookes had not holpen the sycke patient he was exempted by their lawe and put in fault but yf he hadde appoynted or other wyse ministred other medicene then in the sayde bokes were specified and that the patiente was not helped but dyed The Phisicion was also condempned to dye This law was instituted by the lawyers for they iudged it a straunge thyng and vnprofytable for the sycke man to inuente a newe maner of Phisycke whan he had ben a longe tyme visited with a desease vnder the coulour of a newe experiens to hassard the lyfe of the parson The Egygtiens aboue all other nations were subiectes to Idolytrye amongste other thynges they dyd not onelye worshyp the lyuynge beastes but also the deade as cattes dogges wolfes for they where not a shamed to be suche gret Idolyters but glorified therin and thought therby to purchase to them selues and to theyr Goddes great honour They wold go about the townes cyties with the Images of the sayde beastes showynge as they went what beastes they were and howe they honoured theim Whan that the sayd beastes be departed they wrappe them in a lynnen shete That done they bowe them selues downe and knocke their brestes They kepe theyr beastes dentily for they giue theym to eate whete flower myxte with mylke this they haue gyuen to them ordinerlye To the other beastes whyche eate nothynge but harde fleshe was gyuen byrdes large money spent vpon them After they be deade the people showe them selues so sorowful as though it were for the death of their owne chyldren Manye tymes they bestowe vpon the sumptuous buryynge of the sayde beastes more thē theyr owne substance draweth to In so much when kynge Ptolomee Lagus reigned it chanced that ther was an Oxe in the cytie of Mēphis which dyed for age A talent●… is .v. C.li ●arlynge Hebraitū talentun vulgariū is .ii. hundeth and poundes syxti mynes is a hundrel drachmes a drachm is .iii. shillyngs .iii pens The burienge of the sayde oxe coste his keper ouer and aboue the ordinarie expenses which he had spent vpon him al his lyfe tyme the some of fyfty talentes of syluer which he borowed of the sayde kynge Ptolome These thynges shuld seme meruelous yet not so meruelus as credible to some men to beholde the sumptuous buryenge of the dead beastes whiche the Egyptians vse So often as these thynges chaunce al the parentes and

rebuke do they meret and deserue whiche knowe the worde of God and yet neyther obeye the Quene nor her godly procedinges Where as the Ethenekes not knowynge the true God ne his lawes do notwithstandyng lyue a purer lyfe then they Well I wyshe all men wolde haue shame layde before theyr eyes as a glasse to loke in that they myght therby be more ashamed to do euyl thē the Infydels The discription of Egypt and the maners of the Egyptiens Cha. v. EGypt is a countreye in Aphricque whiche to the iudgement of some is nighe to Aphrique and this coūtrey is so called by the name of a brother of Danaus whiche had the name Egyptus was before called Aeria This countrey as Pline sayth in his fyfte boke is of the syde of the Orient by the rede see and the region Palestine towardes the Occedente of the countreye of C●ent to the residue of the coūtrey of Aphricque The same dothe extende from the Midy to Ethiope towardes the syde of Septentrion to the sea of Egypte There was sometyme greate Cyties as Thebes Abidos Alexadria Babilon Memphis and at this tyme ●aniete and Caire or Alcir the which is the residens of Soldan In Egypte as saith Platon there is no raine and yet is the earth verye fruitfull al by reason of the ryuer of Nile whiche is deuyded in suche sorte and made in fourme of a tryangle for the which signe there is a word in Greke called Deltae so that countrey is called Deltae by reason of the many and soundrye fluddes which come euery yere from the ryuer of Nile after the drougthe of the somer Some men iudged that it was an Ilande because of the circuite that the sayde Nile had made all about the countrey The Egyptiens were the first inuentures of .xii. Goddes and beganne to buylde Temples Aulters Images and ingraued in stones figures of diuers bestes The thynges whiche be issued out frō the Ethiopiens shal suffycyently declare the same to vs who hathe ben the inuentures of these thynges as Diodore Cilicien saythe Theyr wyues of an olde auncient custome do vse to occupy marchaū vyse to kepe Hostyllerye and vyttyllynge houses do also trafyke wherevpon the men do gyue theim selues to make lynnen clothe and to cary fardles vpon theyr heades where the women do not carye but vpon theyr shoulders as our men do here in Inglāde Moreouer they vse to make water agaynst a wall lyke vnto our men the men cowrynge downe to the grounde lyke as our women do here all nessesaryes in the house the women do and after that is done they go a brode a bankettynge Their custone is to assemble together with theyr Prelate The menne chyldren be not compelled to kepe theyr parentes but the doughters many of theim in tyme paste when any of theyr frendes dyed were accustomed to pole their heare let their beardes growe longe The Egyptiens to the contrarye shaue their beardes let the heare of theyr hedde growe They kned the dowe there whych they make breade with their fete and worketh the earth with theyr handes This hathe ben a perticuler fassion to all those whych were dissended from thē as the Grekes writeth to cyrcūsisse their mēbers and preuites The men be clothed with double apparell The women do weare but one wydde at a time They haue two kyndes of vsages of letters The one is for the Pristes The other is for the common people Notwithstandynge they haue both the same of the Ethiopiens The Pristes for the space of thre dayes be accustomed to haue the vermyn other fylthenes of theyr bodyes taken awaye because they feare to do seruyce with the fylthenes about them They are accustomablye apparelled in linnen They sowe no Beanes It is defended by their lawes and whye because they esteme them vncleane They washe thre tymes in the daye wyth cold water .ii times in the night They wyll not eate the heades of theyr Bestes vntyll suche tyme as they be sacreficed Iudgynge them to be cursed by execrations durynge the tyme of theyr sacrefyces They do sell the sayd heades to the Marchaunt straungers and yf they can fynd no man that wyl by thē They be cast into the ryuer of Nile All the sacrifices of Egipt Be of Oxen whiche neuer before serued The Calues and Kyne be not saccrefyced for that the same Beastes are dewe to be offred to Isis theyr God They lyue by a kynd of meat made of Wheate and Rye and of drynke made of branne for in that coūtrey there is no wynes They eate also of a certeyne fysshe parte hardened and dried in the sonne and parte reserued in sellers whiche is moyste Some tyme they eat byrdes which be salted and made harde as a crust of breade Morouer the noble men in their bankeres do present wylde Duckes both mayles femayles Whan they fynde a companye gather at a supper one amongst them taketh out of hys ●uget an Image of death made of wodde or paynted cloth of halfe a yard longe they showeth it to euery man at the table and sayth Eate and make good chere after that thou arte deade thou shal be lyke to thys pycture If the yonger do recontre or mete the elder he gyueth place to hym tourneth to hym wyth reuerence and in thus doynge they resemble the Lacedemoniens Whan the yonger doth ouer take the elder by the way showeth worship and layeth his hād on the kne They haue as Haeste wryteth gownes of lynnen borders downe to theyr knes called Casiliers aboue the same they weare other whyt garmētes but no wollen cloth Al they which in olde tyme excelle in knowledge or had establysshed lawes for the common weale as coūcellers went fyrst to the Egyptiens to learne theyr knowledge and doctrine in the whiche knowledge they passed all other as these report Orpheus the Poet Homere museus Melampodes Dedalus Licurgus Lacedemonien and also Solon of Athenes Platon Philosopher Phithagoras the Samien his scoller Samolxis Eudoxus Mathematicien Democritus Inopides borne in the Ilande of Chios Moyses the hebrew and many other so that the Pristes of Egypt glorifyed that they founde them in theyr bokes Wherfore me thinke it is very necessary to speake more of their fachiōs maners lyuings to th ende we myght knowe that whiche they aboue named had taken of them and other nations For so as sayth Ber●alde In the boke that Apulie dyd wryte vppon the golden Asse that manye of our fachions and doynges was gathered out of the seremonies of the Egiptiens as to weare germentes the men of the church to weare a crowne to make alters to go a processyon to synge musycke to do adoration to pray and many other thynges The Kynges of Eypte as writeth Diodore Silicien in the second boke dyd not as oure Prynces in theyr tyme whiche helde their wylles for lawes and lyued in euyl order but their conueruaciō was to be noted in that they lyued

And by this his lyberalitie the comon people be not burdened to pay taxes and fynes as they do in other countreys The thyrde parte of the reuenewes belongeeh to the men of warre to the ende they may haue the greater desyre to put them selues forth in al partes dangerous for the defence of theyr countrey Theyr policie consisteth in thre maner of people that is to say labourers herdemen and practisers of science The labourers do bye eyther of the prests Kynge or of men of warre certeine grounde in the fyelde and do continue in labourynge all theyr lyfe longe vpon the same And therof it commeth that they can better skyll to laboure and tyll the earthe then other nacions This industry and labour of theyrs is gyuē by nature from the father to the chylde lykewyse the shepherde from the father to the chylde do kepe and noryshe beastes and haue no other vocation This art and science hath ben gretly augmented by the artyficers of Egypt for that they meddle with no publyke matter nor do exercise no other occupaciō but that which they are called to and apoynted by theyr lawes or learned of theyr fathers They do iudge nothing rashly In so muche they say that these thynges which be conducted posytyuely and by maturitie be of gret commodytie and for the preseruacion of societe and humayne lyfe They can fynde no better meanes to expulse or banyshe all noughtynes then to punishe mulefactours and euyl doers so shal al offenders be whypped And they haue suche a respect that due Iustyce be done that neyther for loue frendship nor money the trespasses of the offendour shall be forgeuen for they sayd these remissions to be destruction of man Wherfore in the gretest Cyties as in Heliopole in Memphis and Thebes there was elected and chosen good men to whom the correction of all causes was commytted who do lyttle dyffer from those of Areopagites of Athenes or to the senate of the Lacedemoniens wher there was of longe time two iudges constituted They do apere alwayes to the nomber of xxx and they chose some of the moste lykest amonge them to be president And ageyne there is gyuen to theym an other superior by the Cytizens The kynge doth fynde all the necessaries as lyuynges but the superiours was cōmaunded by the king to be more honorablye serued then the inferiours He that is principal of thē hath a cheine of golde hange at his necke wherunto is tyed an Image wel garnyshed with precious stones This cheyne is called verytie In so much that president shulde signifie to all menne that he which was apoynted to heare their causes by the cheyne shulde presēt veritie and with truth to way all thynges Ageyne theyr lawes conteynynge in .viii. bookes brought amongest them This was the custome that the accuser shuld bring in written the causes of the accusacion to certifie the iudge in forme and maner as it was done Is the hurte doone to an other was a question To the defendant there was gyuen tyme to aunswere the plaintifes obiection and to pourge him selfe or auoyde the fault or els to deny al and be cleare Moreouer they gyue audyence to the accuser Fynally after that they haue benne harde two tymes before the iuges They take deliberacion that done the iudge tourneth the Image towardes the true and feythfull partye and doth pronounce iudgemēt Seyng nowe by chaunce we haue fallen into this passage and taken vpon vs this iourney in the formal declaracions it wolde be most best to rehearse some olde and auncient lawes of the Egyptians to the entent that we may know the one frō the other as those that be euyll to shone and the other that be good profytable to folow Al Periurers were corporally punyshed and taken as men dispraysynge the religion of the goddes in so doynge they had vyolated the fayth to man the which is no other thyng then a true lyne of humayne societie and felowshyp he that in the hygh way shal mete any man which hath ben pursued by theues or robbers and beynge able wolde not runne to take them was holden coulpable of the inconueniens and misfortune happened vnto the man And if so be it he coulde not folowe him Yet was he bonde to come before the Iustice and there to declare the cause and to present him selfe as an accuser agaynst the thyefe The peyne that was appoynted to him that transgressed the law was that he shuld endure a nombre of strypes with a rod and not to eate nor drynke for the space of thre hoole dayes The false accuser is punished as a great transgresser Al the Egypciēs wer bounde to brynge theyr names in wrytynge and the state of the gouernour of theyr countrey he whiche in that place was founde a lyer or gat his lyuyng by an vnlawfull way as vserye ▪ or suche lyke was put to death The man whiche kylleth an other whether he be free or bounde was iudged to dye for murtherers or those which commit homicede they be not curious to haue the lawes passe vpon them The person dead present deathe to the manslers so by that the nobles of the contrey be in surety and out of feare The father which kyll the chylde is not put to deathe but for the space of thre dayes thre nightes he is continually nyghe death beynge accompanied with a certein nombre of seriantes And their reson is that thoughe they commyt this cryme yet ought not to be pupunished for they iudge that the father taketh awaye ageyne but the lyfe whiche before he gaue to his chylde and it is sufficient for him to be afflicted by continual repentance and dollour he taketh for his euyll deade and by this meanes it seameth to theym that other fathers were admonished not to cōmit the lyke They haue a sharpe punishement for the paradices and mans●eers Fyrste they are with a sharpe poynted toole thrust thorowe and afterwarde set vpon a great heape of thornes and there be brused for they esteeme manslauter to be the greatest cryme that a man can commyt to put hym to deathe whiche wolde lyue If a women with chylde had done an offence and condempned to dye execution shulde not haue ben done vntyll she hadde ben delyuered of chylde for feare that the infaunte in her wombe not trespassynge shulde be punisshed with the trespasser And for one faute two parsons to be punysshed He that in the battayle obeyethe not hys Capyteyne is not put to deth but incurreth in a notable infamie to the dysstruction of his honour They haue suche a regarde to their honoures that they esteme the dystruction of theyr name worse thē deth it selfe The tongues of them be cutte out which do reueyle to theyr enemyes the secretes of publyke matters All clyppers of money Forgers of false Coyne Changers of weyght and marke Grauers of anye face scripture or writyng and coūter featters of letters haue theyr two Thombes cutte of to th ende

win the hyghest region of the eyre The other which had more of the weigh tines or ponderousnes of the earth were made to remayne creapynge and some goyng vpon the ground The other which helde them selues of the qualitie of water were trāsformed into the element of the qualitie and toke the name Fyshe and by this the earth partly because of the heate of the son partly because of the wyndes became more dryer and warmer so that the myghtye beastes ceased engendrynge but they which engendred by a mutual coniunction did bringe forth other They say after this sort mē were fyrst created who hath euer synce sought theyr meate and lyuynge in the fieldes feade after a strange and wylde sort eatynge nothynge but herbes and the fruite of the trees and dyd no labour for what by occasyon of the hurte that the wylde beastes dyd theym before and for feare they shoulde dayly they gathered theym selues together for theyr commen vtillitie and profyte that they myght succoure one an other and prepare places to dwell in Ageyne for that the soūd of theyr mouthes were cōfuse they estudied to frame theyr tongues to a certeyne speache so that by lyttle and lyttle they gaue euery thyng a name And because they were deuyded into dyuers partes and regions of the worlde they formed dyuerse and diuersitie of language and consequentely a ferme in theyr letters And by this the humayne creatures lyuynge in great pouertie and without vnderstandynge how to make reseruacion for their necessities with that whiche God sent theim as the fruite whiche the earth brought forth fortuned oftentimes that one amongest the greate nomber dyed for hunger and some for colde wherevpon mē instructed by experience was dryuen and learned to prepare a buckler to defende them from these and such lyke inconuenientes serched as saith the Philosophers caues to auoyde the vyolence of the cold and reserued the frut for theyr prouision afterwarde they had knowlege of the proprietie of fyre whae it was together with all other necessaries In a space after they inuented al thynges apt and mete for humayne lyfe To conclude necessitie was the cōpeller to seake these inuentions at the last man hadde the arte to vse one an other in his place that the handes the wordes the excellencie of the spirites was helpers togethers and serued thē Thes be they which be perswaded that the originall of man is as aboue rehearsed and haue not referred it to the dyuyne prouidence of God doth hold opinion that the Ethiopiēs were the fyrst that were procreated amongest the mortalles and had this opinion for that the lande of Ethiopie is the neighbour to the sonne as before al other to feale the heate howe muche as before they did neyther more nor lesse then al the rest of the earth the said earth was slymye then it shoulde haue ben that of this fyrst temparature and moistnes with the heat man shal be engendred who shuld rest in the place of his byrthe rather then in any other whiche he knoweth not Now we wyl begin by this region and after we haue spoken a lyttle of Aphtique one of the thre partes of the worlde accordynge to the same also is oure boke deuyded in thre We wyl reherse in the fyrst place of the cytuacion of the countrey of Ethiope and maners of the nations which inhabyte there and after by order we wyll set forth the discription of all other regions and nations as wel as we can possible And for that I wolde not seme altogether slowfull I wyll some what more to enryche my booke entreate of more then the Frenche auctoure wryteth of as well in this parte folowynge the deuision of the worlde in foure as also to enlarge the discription of Ethiope with a bryefe and general discription of Aphrique and many other anotacions accordynge to the iudgement of Pomponius Mela. A diuision of the vvorlde into foure partes Ca. iii. AS touchynge the same matter that thynge which is called all what soeuer thynge it is whervnto we haue giuē the name of the worlde and of heauen It is one thynge and comprehendethe in one compase him selfe al thinges In hys parte is dyfference From whence the sonne dothe sprynge it is named the Orient or East And there as it falleth it is named the Occidente or the west That waye where his course doth lye it is called the South And on the cōtrarye parte the North. And in the middes of the same is the earthe on hyghe and is gyrded rounde about wyth the see And the same deuyded from the east to the west into two partes the which ar called Hemispherise hath fyne distyncte porcyons or Zoones Heate dothe vex the medle most and colde the extremes The resydwe maye be inhabited They haue lyke tymes of the yere but yet not at one time our Antichthones doth dwell in the one and we in the other The scituation of that being vnknowne for the vehement heate of the plage that is betwene we muste entreate vppon this And so this is extended from the east vnto the west And for because it lyeth euen so it is somthing longer than where it is brodest It is all compassed aboute with the C●ccear and receaueth of hym foure seas one from the Northe and two frome the Southe and the fourth from the west They shal be declared in their places This first bring very strayte and passynge not ten miles in bredth openeth the earth and entrethe And then is poured out longe and wyde and dryueth a fore him myghtely the see bankes gyuing him place And then againe they commynge together verye nygh it is dryuen into such a strayt that it is lesse then a myle ouer And then spreadeth it selfe agayne but thae is very moderatly and then it goeth forthe into a more narowe place thē it was afore where whē it is once receyued it is agayne verye huge and great and is ioyned vnto the poole but that is by a smale monthe And all this same bothe where as it commethe and where as it spreadeth is called wyth one name our see The strayte entre of it commynge in the Latynes dothe call Fretum where as it spreadeth a brode it receyueth dyuers names in diuers places wheras it first stratneth it selfe together it is called Helles Pontus And then Propontus where as it spreadeth out where it rynneth together agayne Eospherus of Thrace And where agayne it powrethe out it selfe a brode it is called Pontus Euxinus And there as it is cōmitted to the poole it is called Cymi●…ꝰ Bospherus The poole it selfe is called Meot●s By this see and two noble ryuees called Tanais and Nilus the hole worlde is deuyded into thre partes The ryuer Tanais commynge from the Northe towarde the Southe rynnethe all moste in to the myddest of the poole Meotis and from the contrary part Nilus rynneth into the see And all that lande that is from the strayte vnto those fluddes on the one side