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conclude_v by_o the_o record_n if_o there_o be_v then_o
many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o temporal_a nobility_n instead_o of_o cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la have_v these_o word_n multis_fw-la praeterea_fw-la illustrissimis_fw-la virorum_fw-la personis_fw-la &_o regum_fw-la principibus_fw-la diversi_fw-la ordinis_fw-la omissis_fw-la qui_fw-la similiter_fw-la huic_fw-la confirmationi_fw-la piissimo_fw-la affectu_fw-la testes_fw-la &_o fautores_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la hii_n autem_fw-la illo_fw-la tempore_fw-la à _fw-la regius_fw-la potestate_fw-la diversis_fw-la provinciis_fw-la ãâã_d &_o urbibus_fw-la ad_fw-la universalem_fw-la synodum_fw-la pro_fw-la causis_fw-la cujustibet_fw-la christianae_n ecclesiae_fw-la audiendis_fw-la &_o tractandis_fw-la ad_fw-la praescriptum_fw-la celeberrimum_fw-la synodum_fw-la quod_fw-la westmonasterium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la convocati_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o book_n i_o find_v write_v this_o note_n nota_fw-la hic_fw-la hos_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocari_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la 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and_o fear_v lest_o the_o delay_n of_o his_o consecration_n may_v prejudice_v his_o desire_a honour_n he_o begin_v by_o give_v large_a gift_n and_o reward_n to_o the_o people_n and_o as_o well_o by_o himself_o as_o all_o other_o who_o he_o can_v engage_v fide_fw-la sacramentoque_fw-la lanfranco_n promittere_fw-la by_o his_o faith_n and_o oath_n to_o promise_v unto_o lanfranc_n si_fw-mi rex_fw-la foret_fw-la justitiam_fw-la aequitatem_fw-la &_o misericordiam_fw-la se_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la in_fw-la omni_fw-la negotio_fw-la servaturum_fw-la he_o will_v in_o all_o action_n observe_v and_o keep_v justice_n equity_n and_o mercy_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n that_o he_o will_v defend_v the_o peace_n liberty_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o church_n against_o all_o man_n and_o also_o that_o he_o will_v in_o and_o through_o all_o thing_n obey_v the_o precept_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o arch-prelate_n thereupon_o in_o regem_fw-la ãâ¦ã_z eligitur_fw-la &_o consecratur_fw-la but_o not_o long_o after_o odo_n 264._o bishop_n of_o baiox_n earl_n of_o kent_n geffrey_n bishop_n of_o constance_n robert_z earl_n of_o morton_n roger_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o norman_a prelate_n and_o nobility_n in_o england_n enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o make_v robert_n king_n and_o to_o deliver_v king_n william_n to_o his_o brother_n alive_a or_o dead_a and_o thereupon_o they_o take_v arm_n the_o king_n hear_v these_o thing_n and_o foresee_v his_o inevitable_a ruin_n if_o the_o english_a power_n do_v not_o preserve_v he_o cause_v the_o english_a to_o be_v assemble_v together_o and_o show_v they_o the_o treason_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o entreat_v and_o beg_v they_o to_o help_v and_o defend_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o if_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o in_o that_o his_o necessity_n and_o distress_n he_o will_v grant_v they_o better_a law_n which_o they_o shall_v choose_v and_o will_v forbid_v or_o interdict_v all_o unjust_a scot_n tax_n or_o tallage_n and_o grant_v to_o all_o person_n their_o wood_n and_o hunting_n upon_o which_o assurance_n and_o promise_v the_o english_a do_v faithful_o assist_v he_o and_o by_o their_o power_n valiant_o overthrow_v the_o norman_n and_o preserve_v and_o fix_v the_o crown_n upon_o william_n head_n but_o whatsoever_o he_o promise_v he_o keep_v but_o a_o short_a time_n the_o word_n of_o the_o author_n be_v his_o auditis_fw-la rex_fw-la fecit_fw-la b._n congregari_fw-la anglos_n &_o ostendit_fw-la eye_v traditionem_fw-la normannorum_fw-la &_o rogavit_fw-la ut_fw-la sibi_fw-la auxilio_fw-la essent_fw-la eo_fw-la tenore_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la necessitate_v sibi_fw-la fideles_fw-la existerent_fw-la meliorem_fw-la legem_fw-la quam_fw-la vellent_fw-la eligere_fw-la eye_n concederet_fw-la &_o omnem_fw-la injustum_fw-la scottâm_fw-la interdixit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la sylvas_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o venationem_fw-la sed_fw-la quicquid_fw-la promisit_fw-la parvo_fw-la tempore_fw-la custodivit_fw-la angli_fw-la tunc_fw-la fideliter_fw-la eum_fw-la juvabant_fw-la 1._o it_o be_v therefore_o evident_a from_o hence_o that_o william_n the_o second_o do_v not_o claim_v the_o crown_n jure_fw-la gladii_fw-la by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n nor_o do_v he_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v a_o despotical_a right_a to_o make_v or_o change_v law_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la sine_fw-la assensu_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a observation_n to_o i_o that_o from_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n i_o never_o read_v of_o any_o king_n of_o england_n that_o declare_v and_o public_o own_v any_o such_o prerogative_n or_o right_n but_o only_o that_o miserable_a and_o unfortunate_a prince_n richard_n the_o second_o which_o the_o parliament_n roll_v thus_o express_v item_n idem_fw-la rex_fw-la nolens_fw-la justas_fw-la leges_fw-la 1â_n &_o consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la seruare_fw-la seu_fw-la protegere_fw-la sed_fw-la secundum_fw-la suae_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la facere_fw-la quicquid_fw-la desideriis_fw-la ejus_fw-la occurreret_fw-la quandoque_fw-la &_o frequentius_fw-la quando_fw-la sibi_fw-la expositae_fw-la &_o declaratae_fw-la fuerant_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la per_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la de_fw-la concilio_n svo_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la leges_fw-la illas_fw-la petentibus_fw-la justitiam_fw-la exhiberet_fw-la dixit_fw-la express_v vultu_fw-la austero_fw-la &_o protervo_fw-la quod_fw-la leges_fw-la suae_fw-la erant_fw-la in_o ore_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o aliquotiens_fw-la in_o pectore_fw-la svo_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la solus_fw-la possit_fw-la mutare_fw-la &_o condere_fw-la leges_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o opinion_n illa_fw-la seductus_fw-la quampluribus_fw-la de_fw-la ligeis_n suis_fw-la justitiam_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la permisit_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la minas_fw-la &_o terrores_fw-la quamplures_fw-la à _fw-la prosecutione_n communis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la cessare_fw-la coegit_fw-la but_o far_o different_a be_v the_o sentiment_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o grandfather_n great_a edward_n the_o three_o who_o tell_v we_o because_o that_o by_o divers_a complaint_n 137._o make_v to_o we_o we_o have_v perceive_v that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o we_o by_o our_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v be_v the_o less_o well_o keep_v and_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o same_o disturb_a many_o time_n by_o maintenance_n and_o procurement_n as_o well_o in_o the_o court_n as_o in_o the_o country_n we_o great_o move_v of_o conscience_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n desire_v as_o much_o for_o the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n and_o ease_n and_o quietness_n of_o our_o subject_n as_o to_o our_o conscience_n and_o for_o to_o save_v and_o keep_v our_o say_a oath_n we_o have_v ordain_v etc._n etc._n and_o wise_a king_n james_n 1157._o say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n but_o the_o people_n security_n of_o land_n live_n and_o privilege_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n privilege_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o by_o the_o abolish_n or_o alter_v of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o present_a confusion_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o whole_a state_n and_o frame_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o his_o late_a majesty_n of_o 29._o ever_o bless_a memory_n be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o opinion_n when_o he_o say_v the_o law_n be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o every_o subject_a and_o the_o only_a security_n he_o can_v have_v for_o his_o life_n or_o estate_n and_o the_o which_o be_v neglect_v or_o dis-esteemed_n under_o what_o specious_a show_n soever_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o infelicity_n if_o not_o a_o irreparable_a confusion_n must_v without_o doubt_n fall_v upon_o they_o henry_n the_o first_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n 14._o william_n the_o magnates_fw-la angliae_fw-la not_o know_v what_o be_v become_v of_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n elder_a brother_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o say_a duke_n have_v be_v absent_a for_o five_o year_n in_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v afraid_a to_o be_v long_o without_o a_o king_n which_o henricus_n fratrum_fw-la vltimus_fw-la &_o juvenis_fw-la sapientissimus_fw-la cum_fw-la callide_fw-la cognovisset_fw-la congregato_fw-la londoniis_fw-la clero_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la universo_fw-it promisit_fw-la emendationem_fw-la legum_fw-la quibus_fw-la oppressa_fw-la fuit_fw-la anglia_fw-it tempore_fw-la patris_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o fratris_fw-la
learned_a bodin_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o province_n and_o ancient_a city_n 3._o the_o portugal_n cortes_n or_o parliament_n 279._o consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o prelate_n the_o nobiles_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la and_o two_o procurator_n or_o burgess_n from_o every_o city_n who_o have_v a_o deliberative_a voice_n which_o they_o call_v definitive_a 4._o in_o denmark_n pontanus_n say_v ãâ¦ã_z the_o bishop_n the_o nobility_n &_o civitatum_fw-la delegati_fw-la the_o deputy_n or_o commissioner_n of_o town_n and_o city_n make_v up_o their_o general_n council_n 5._o for_o sweden_n it_o do_v not_o much_o ãâã_d differ_v from_o the_o government_n and_o form_n of_o denmark_n their_o common_a council_n consist_v of_o the_o same_o estate_n and_o degree_n of_o people_n that_o be_v to_o say_v proceres_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o nobility_n episcopi_fw-la &_o ecclesiastici_fw-la civitates_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la the_o city_n borough_n and_o village_n i_o may_v here_o if_o it_o be_v needful_a show_v how_o great_a a_o share_n and_o interest_n the_o hanze_n or_o free_a town_n in_o germany_n have_v by_o their_o deputy_n in_o all_o age_n have_v in_o the_o diet_n or_o general_n council_n of_o the_o empire_n 6._o but_o now_o at_o last_o we_o be_v come_v to_o scotland_n sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o epistle_n scotiae_fw-la dedicatory_a to_o king_n james_n before_o his_o scottish_a law_n write_v thus_o intelligo_fw-la tuas_fw-la tuorumque_fw-la majorum_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la cum_fw-la legibus_fw-la regni_fw-la tui_fw-la angliae_fw-la magna_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la consentiunt_fw-la and_o then_o in_o his_o book_n show_v that_o willielmus_fw-la cognominatus_fw-la leo_fw-la who_o as_o be_v say_v begin_v to_o reign_v in_o 1105._o and_o reign_v 49._o year_n so_o as_o he_o be_v king_n of_o scotland_n 5_o 10_o of_o our_o henry_n the_o first_o hold_v his_o assize_n or_o parliament_n at_o 7._o perth_n where_o several_a law_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o episcopi_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la barones_n thani_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la tenere_fw-la firmiter_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la king_n alexander_n begin_v to_o reign_v 2._o anno_fw-la 1214._o which_o be_v the_o sixteen_o year_n of_o our_o king_n john_n and_o reign_v 35._o year_n so_o as_o he_o die_v a_o 38_o h._n 3._o he_o make_v his_o law_n de_fw-fr consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la venerabilium_fw-la patrum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la baronum_fw-la ac_fw-la proborum_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o etc._n what_o the_o communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la in_o king_n william_n statute_n and_o the_o probâ_n homines_fw-la in_o king_n alexander_n be_v the_o league_n make_v between_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n anno_fw-la 28_o e._n 1._o clear_o show_v be_v 1._o ratify_v and_o confirm_v in_o their_o parliament_n per_fw-la johannem_fw-la de_fw-la balliolo_fw-la than_o king_n ac_fw-la praelatos_fw-la &_o nobiles_fw-la &_o universitates_fw-la &_o communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o villarum_fw-la dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la scotiae_fw-la and_o the_o constant_a practice_n ever_o since_o have_v be_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v send_v their_o proxy_n or_o representative_n to_o the_o parliament_n of_o that_o kingdom_n it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v very_o strange_a that_o when_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o de_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la even_o in_o time_n coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o government_n a_o essential_a part_n of_o their_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n that_o england_n shall_v not_o be_v under_o the_o same_o constitution_n be_v but_o descendant_n from_o gaul_n or_o the_o more_o northern_a country_n if_o so_o 1._o be_v it_o because_o in_o the_o britton_n saxon_n and_o norman_a time_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o borough_n or_o if_o there_o be_v be_v they_o so_o poor_a and_o inconsiderable_a as_o they_o deserve_v no_o observation_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o state_n or_o 2._o be_v it_o because_o by_o a_o strange_a and_o unheard_a of_o fate_n peculiar_a and_o proper_a only_o to_o they_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a or_o capable_a to_o give_v or_o hear_v reason_n as_o well_o as_o the_o delegate_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n of_o france_n spain_n portugal_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o scotland_n or_o 3._o have_v they_o no_o property_n or_o right_n in_o their_o estate_n certain_o in_o my_o opinion_n none_o of_o these_o objection_n can_v be_v admit_v allow_v or_o prove_v for_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n venerable_a 1._o bede_n tell_v we_o erat_fw-la britannia_fw-la viginti_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la quondam_a nobilissimis_fw-la insignita_fw-la praeter_fw-la castilia_n innumera_fw-la quae_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la muris_fw-la turribus_fw-la portis_fw-la ac_fw-la seris_fw-la erant_fw-la instructa_fw-la firmissimis_fw-la nor_o be_v they_o of_o less_o reputation_n in_o the_o saxon_a or_o norman_a time_n when_o they_o be_v think_v so_o necessary_a and_o proper_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o govern_v mean_v preservation_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n that_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o william_n the_o first_o and_o the_o common_a ãâ¦ã_z council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o no_o market_n or_o fair_a shall_v be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v nisi_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o in_fw-la burgis_fw-la ubi_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o jus_fw-la commune_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la sed_fw-la omne_fw-la recte_fw-la &_o in_fw-la aperto_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la fieri_fw-la debent_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la gentium_fw-la &_o populorum_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la defensionem_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o if_o in_o the_o briton_n time_n the_o nation_n be_v so_o strong_a in_o city_n and_o castle_n sure_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n when_o the_o nation_n become_v to_o be_v more_o civilise_a and_o considerable_a in_o the_o world_n the_o estate_n or_o degree_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 3._o will_v easy_o part_v with_o these_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o their_o ancestor_n though_o less_o know_v and_o powerful_a do_v claim_v and_o enjoy_v have_v thus_o conclude_v my_o argument_n against_o the_o position_n of_o 49_o h._n 3._o i_o have_v think_v it_o not_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o add_v some_o brief_a observation_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o ancient_a record_n and_o historian_n in_o their_o various_a lection_n and_o different_a expression_n i_o shall_v therefore_o consider_v 1._o the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la 2._o the_o several_a denomination_n by_o which_o our_o ancient_a general_n or_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v express_v 3._o the_o various_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n baro_n and_o that_o under_o the_o phrase_n of_o baronagium_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o lord_n and_o commons_o be_v comprehend_v observation_n i._n the_o different_a application_n of_o the_o word_n commune_v communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la there_o lie_v a_o main_a objection_n 164._o against_o i_o for_o some_o author_n say_v that_o the_o word_n commons_o communitas_fw-la or_o plebs_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o any_o ancient_a author_n or_o record_n ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la willielmi_n primi_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la excessum_fw-la h._n 3._o and_o therefore_o conclude_v they_o be_v never_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o 49_o h._n 3._o because_o not_o mention_v eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la admit_v the_o objection_n true_a answer_n which_o i_o conceive_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o conclusive_a argument_n for_o before_o the_o statute_n an._n 3_o r._n 2._o cap._n 3._o 3._o i_o can_v find_v the_o appellation_n of_o lord_n temporal_a nor_o before_o the_o 13_o the_o of_o that_o king_n cap._n 2._o the_o phrase_n lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a in_o our_o 156._o print_a statute_n book_n ergo_fw-la from_o thence_o it_o follow_v by_o a_o necessary_a consequence_n according_a to_o their_o argument_n that_o they_o be_v not_o any_o part_n of_o the_o generale_fw-mi concilium_fw-la or_o parliament_n before_o those_o time_n because_o not_o express_v by_o that_o name_n i_o suppose_v this_o conclusion_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v true_a but_o as_o i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v that_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o be_v often_o express_v by_o and_o comprehend_v in_o the_o word_n praelati_fw-la and_o who_o in_o after_o time_n constitute_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n as_o now_o difference_v the_o lord_n temporal_a be_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la undoubted_o a_o part_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n so_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v if_o insist_v upon_o that_o the_o milites_fw-la and_o libere_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la or_o angliae_fw-la the_o knight_n and_o gentleman_n or_o