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and_o these_o make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o english_a mile_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n also_o to_o cast_v into_o besiege_a town_n burn_v iron_n vessel_n with_o melt_a lead_n dead_a horse_n and_o tub_n and_o barrel_n full_a of_o excrement_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o can_v infest_v annoy_n or_o vex_v the_o besiege_a and_o some_o write_v that_o out_o of_o a_o catapult_n be_v shoot_v a_o long_a spear_n or_o story_n a_o strange_a story_n lance_n from_o one_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n danubius_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o over_o to_o the_o other_o this_o i_o dare_v not_o believe_v for_o i_o suppose_v that_o mighty_a river_n before_o he_o discharge_v himself_o may_v be_v more_o than_o two_o italian_a mile_n broad_a and_o i_o will_v suppose_v likewise_o that_o gunner_n will_v confess_v that_o no_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n will_v shoot_v a_o bullet_n so_o far_o pointblank_o especial_o over_o a_o river_n vegetius_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n allow_v 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ill_a that_o these_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n take_v no_o more_o ground_n up_o in_o front_n but_o one_o thousand_o pace_n that_o be_v five_o thousand_o foot_n a_o thing_n pure_o impossible_a for_o three_o foot_n of_o distance_n be_v allow_v by_o himself_o between_o file_n and_o file_n and_o next_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o file_n require_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o distance_n multiply_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o by_o three_o the_o product_n be_v four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o these_o want_n but_o 5_o foot_n of_o vegetius_n his_o one_o thousand_o pace_n where_o shall_v then_o the_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o combatant_n stand_v certain_o they_o have_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o foot_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o add_v sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o to_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o the_o aggregate_v be_v six_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o one_o foot_n a_o three_o more_o than_o 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principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n one_o hundred_o next_o concern_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o any_o of_o the_o three_o class_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v via_fw-la directa_fw-la he_o say_v if_o the_o velite_n be_v to_o stand_v in_o they_o the_o interval_n may_v be_v of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n if_o not_o ten_o foot_n be_v enough_o this_o be_v brief_o all_o he_o say_v on_o the_o matter_n but_o assure_o if_o this_o learned_a man_n can_v convenlent_o have_v leave_v the_o university_n of_o louvaine_n and_o follow_v the_o spanish_a army_n but_o one_o summer_n or_o as_o we_o call_v it_o one_o campagne_n he_o will_v have_v see_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o famous_a duke_n of_o alva_n and_o parma_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o that_o age_n who_o live_v at_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v write_v his_o book_n how_o pitiful_o simple_a that_o school-speculation_n of_o his_o be_v i_o must_v confirm_v my_o opinion_n with_o reason_n for_o authority_n of_o 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yet_o be_v he_o not_o at_o the_o pain_n to_o give_v we_o so_o perfect_a a_o description_n of_o they_o as_o other_o author_n have_v do_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o shield_n and_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n have_v shield_n but_o speak_v not_o of_o their_o form_n nor_o bigness_n distinction_n a_o nice_a distinction_n there_o be_v some_o and_o among_o they_o achilles_n terduzzi_n who_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o shield_n and_o a_o target_n and_o it_o be_v this_o the_o first_o be_v of_o a_o round_a figure_n and_o the_o second_o of_o a_o long_a angular_a or_o oval_n if_o so_o we_o must_v conclude_v those_o use_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v target_n and_o no_o shield_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v ordinary_o four_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a but_o notwithstanding_o this_o nice_a distinction_n i_o shall_v use_v the_o word_n promiscuous_o and_o call_v the_o roman_a target_n a_o shield_n if_o we_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o allowance_n of_o three_o foot_n of_o ground_n between_o the_o roman_a file_n and_o that_o the_o breadth_n of_o their_o shield_n cover_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a of_o that_o ground_n we_o must_v conclude_v there_o be_v but_o one_o half_a foot_n leave_v for_o they_o first_o to_o throw_v their_o javelines_n or_o dart_n and_o then_o to_o present_v the_o point_n of_o their_o sword_n against_o their_o enemy_n and_o their_o shield_n be_v so_o near_o each_o other_o and_o their_o body_n so_o strong_o defend_v by_o they_o and_o their_o other_o armour_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n they_o either_o give_v or_o receive_v a_o charge_n courageous_o for_o vegetius_n say_v well_o in_o the_o twenty_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n that_o those_o who_o be_v expose_v naked_a to_o receive_v wound_n must_v think_v more_o of_o fly_v than_o fight_v and_o in_o the_o end_n of_o that_o same_o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o he_o who_o have_v his_o head_n and_o breast_n well_o arm_v be_v not_o afraid_a of_o 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legion_n do_v when_o they_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o perseus_n and_o his_o macedonian_a phalange_n for_o at_o those_o time_n they_o lean_v and_o rest_v themselves_o on_o their_o shield_n they_o make_v also_o good_a use_n of_o those_o point_n by_o push_v and_o thrust_v with_o they_o at_o a_o enemy_n when_o they_o come_v to_o any_o close_a medley_n many_o and_o almost_o all_o nation_n beside_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n make_v use_v of_o shield_n especial_o the_o gaul_n and_o german_n who_o peradventure_o have_v the_o use_n of_o they_o before_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o nation_n of_o shield_n either_o in_o battle_n or_o at_o the_o take_n of_o town_n and_o fort_n be_v shield_n a_o tortoise_n oâ—_n shield_n compose_v that_o figure_n which_o the_o roman_n call_v testudo_fw-la or_o tortoise_n because_o it_o resemble_v that_o animal_n which_o cover_v itself_o within_o its_o shell_n and_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o it_o the_o first_o be_v frame_v thus_o the_o first_o rank_n cover_v their_o 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or_o a_o little_a before_o come_v the_o plumbati_n or_o martioâ—arbuli_n in_o fashion_n with_o the_o roman_n vegetius_n tell_v we_o what_o great_a service_n lead-caster_n lead-caster_n they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o dioclesian_n and_o maximian_n but_o do_v we_o not_o the_o favour_n to_o describe_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o throw_v bullet_n of_o lead_n of_o one_o pound_n weight_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v whether_o livy_n mention_n any_o of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v among_o those_o roman_a slinger_n who_o beat_v the_o gallo-greciant_a at_o olympâ—â—_n the_o fustibalus_n battoon-slingers_a battoon-slingers_a or_o battoonsling_n be_v a_o sling_n of_o leather_n tie_v to_o a_o battoon_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o which_o the_o slinger_n manage_v with_o both_o his_o hand_n and_o out_o of_o which_o say_v vegetius_n he_o throw_v stone_n as_o out_o of_o a_o onagra_n with_o so_o great_a force_n that_o neither_o target_n head-piece_n or_o corslet_n can_v resist_v it_o but_o these_o 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in_o a_o maniple_n the_o old_a centurion_n stand_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o maniple_n and_o the_o young_a on_o the_o left_a it_o be_v there_o also_o where_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o who_o be_v call_v augustale_n that_o be_v join_v to_o these_o ordinarii_fw-la but_o he_o make_v it_o not_o what_o augustals_n what_o clear_a to_o we_o what_o duty_n they_o do_v nor_o can_v they_o at_o all_o belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a militia_n have_v be_v but_o ordain_v by_o augustus_n from_o who_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n the_o flaviale_n he_o say_v be_v tanquam_fw-la secundi_fw-la augustales_fw-la what_o flavials_n what_o the_o second_o augustal_n be_v institute_v by_o the_o emperor_n flavius_n vespasian_n from_o who_o they_o have_v their_o name_n what_o shall_v i_o say_v of_o these_o augustals_n and_o flavials_n but_o that_o these_o two_o emperor_n have_v bestow_v it_o may_v be_v a_o little_a more_o allowance_n of_o pay_n or_o bread_n upon_o some_o 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officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v 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have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
likewise_o but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o every_o troop_n of_o the_o ally_n there_o be_v forty_o rider_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a troop_n there_o be_v only_o thirty_o thus_o be_v the_o gross_a or_o bulk_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n marshal_v as_o to_o the_o evocati_fw-la of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o extraordinarii_fw-la of_o the_o ally_n polybius_n have_v tell_v we_o no_o more_o than_o uncertain_a station_n of_o the_o extraordinary_n uncertain_a what_o i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o ally_n that_o they_o be_v encamp_v beside_o the_o consul_n and_o be_v to_o be_v near_o he_o in_o the_o field_n and_o to_o wait_v on_o the_o treasurer_n also_o but_o we_o be_v leave_v by_o he_o and_o other_o to_o conjecture_v how_o in_o what_o particular_a place_n or_o place_n they_o be_v ordain_v to_o fight_v and_o true_o i_o shall_v be_v easy_o induce_v to_o believe_v that_o sometime_o the_o consul_n place_v three_o hundred_o of_o the_o ally_n extraordinary_a 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in_o battle_n hand_n of_o the_o roman_a legion_n but_o polybius_n say_v in_o that_o battle_n i_o just_a now_o speak_v of_o scipio_n give_v the_o right_a wing_n to_o masanissa_n and_o the_o leave_v to_o lâ—lius_n to_o command_v it_o will_v seem_v then_o that_o himself_o stay_v with_o the_o foot_n and_o so_o indeed_o he_o do_v for_o he_o cause_v a_o retreat_n to_o be_v sound_v to_o the_o hastati_fw-la that_o he_o may_v advance_v with_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o since_o i_o may_v guess_v as_o well_o as_o other_o i_o suppose_v he_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o consequent_o beside_o the_o eagle_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n and_o assure_o that_o part_n be_v direct_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o army_n it_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n the_o only_a proper_a place_n for_o a_o captain-general_n but_o when_o two_o consul_n be_v join_v together_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o ordinary_o the_o one_o command_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o other_o the_o left_a so_o it_o be_v at_o cannae_n where_o the_o roman_n be_v beat_v by_o hannibal_n so_o it_o be_v at_o vesuvius_n where_o manlius_n get_v the_o victory_n over_o the_o latin_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o colleague_n decius_n so_o it_o be_v at_o metaurus_n where_o nero_n and_o livy_n defeat_v and_o kill_v asdrubal_n but_o indeed_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o consul_n or_o general_n he_o seldom_o tie_v himself_o to_o one_o place_n but_o ride_v where_o he_o see_v his_o presence_n be_v most_o needful_a so_o do_v that_o manlius_n i_o just_a now_o mention_v so_o do_v caesar_n and_o so_o do_v many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a captain_n and_o it_o have_v be_v no_o prejudice_n either_o to_o lipsius_n or_o terduzzi_n to_o have_v suffer_v a_o consul_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n to_o have_v stand_v where_o he_o please_v either_o beside_o the_o first_o eagle_n or_o the_o second_o or_o beside_o none_o of_o they_o vegetius_n in_o the_o nine_o ten_o and_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n speak_v of_o some_o more_o office_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n than_o polybius_n do_v and_o these_o be_v three_o praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la praefâ—ctus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la fabrorum_fw-la it_o be_v strange_a we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o these_o three_o great_a commander_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o have_v the_o two_o last_o as_o by_o the_o description_n of_o their_o officer_n the_o reader_n will_v quick_o conceive_v as_o to_o the_o first_o polybius_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o army_n other_o general_a officer_n in_o a_o consular_a army_n he_o and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o officer_n in_o his_o time_n he_o neither_o can_v or_o will_v have_v pass_v he_o when_o he_o give_v we_o the_o particular_a description_n of_o a_o legion_n and_o all_o its_o officer_n and_o more_o especial_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o tribune_n receive_v the_o word_n or_o tessera_fw-la from_o the_o 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how_o to_o do_v it_o first_o say_v he_o let_v the_o front_n of_o your_o army_n be_v marshal_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o your_o second_o second_o enemy_n then_o say_v he_o let_v your_o front_n retire_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o your_o flank_n stand_v still_o shall_v environ_v your_o enemy_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o machiavelli_n think_v this_o a_o squint_a device_n but_o it_o be_v a_o fancy_n only_o beseem_v a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n if_o he_o have_v say_v let_v your_o battle_n stand_v and_o your_o wing_n extend_v themselves_o he_o have_v speak_v some_o sense_n but_o a_o front_n to_o retire_v be_v a_o improper_a speech_n and_o unintelligible_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n for_o in_o strict_a and_o proper_a language_n a_o front_n and_o a_o rear_n consist_v but_o each_o of_o they_o of_o one_o rank_n whether_o that_o be_v of_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o ten_o thousand_o or_o twenry_n thousand_o man_n or_o horse_n so_o the_o first_o rank_n which_o be_v the_o 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advance_v again_o at_o least_o not_o so_o ready_o justus_n lipsius_n have_v reason_n to_o accuse_v machiavelli_n of_o gross_a ignorance_n for_o deny_v the_o right_a order_n of_o a_o militia_n to_o be_v a_o art_n and_o certain_o his_o conceit_n to_o do_v so_o four_o four_o be_v very_o extravagant_a â—esides_v he_o contradict_v himself_o for_o he_o call_v his_o treatise_n of_o war_n i_o set_v libri_fw-la del'arte_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_fw-mi di_fw-it nicolo_n machiavelli_n seven_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o nicol_n machiavelli_n indeed_o soldier_n be_v very_o little_o bind_v to_o he_o for_o he_o say_v neither_o prince_n nor_o state_n shall_v suffer_v any_o of_o those_o who_o profess_v to_o live_v by_o the_o art_n of_o war_n to_o dwell_v under_o they_o nor_o do_v say_v he_o any_o virtuous_a or_o good_a man_n use_v it_o as_o a_o art_n and_o add_v that_o those_o who_o do_v so_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v false_a fraudulent_a treacherous_a and_o violent_a for_o they_o must_v say_v this_o doctor_n either_o obstruct_v all_o peace_n that_o the_o war_n continue_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v maintain_v or_o they_o must_v pill_v plunder_v and_o make_v spoil_n of_o other_o man_n good_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n this_o be_v bad_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v all_o true_a these_o be_v his_o goodly_a argument_n which_o be_v but_o his_o own_o idle_a dream_n for_o it_o be_v observation_n five_o observation_n no_o difficil_n matter_n to_o keep_v man_n who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o duty_n even_o when_o they_o but_o seldom_o receive_v their_o wage_n and_o this_o in_o this_o age_n be_v visible_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n nor_o can_v many_o instance_n be_v give_v where_o man_n of_o war_n obstruct_v that_o peace_n which_o their_o master_n desire_v or_o which_o both_o party_n be_v content_v to_o make_v and_o if_o after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o peace_n and_o disband_v of_o army_n any_o exorbitancy_n chance_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o soldier_n as_o seldom_o any_o such_o thing_n fall_v out_o they_o have_v be_v occasion_v by_o too_o great_a a_o defalcation_n of_o their_o pay_n with_o the_o half_a or_o moiety_n whereof_o all_o modern_a soldier_n will_v be_v hearty_o well_o content_v so_o perfect_o have_v they_o learn_v the_o baptist_n lesson_n in_o the_o gospel_n to_o be_v content_a with_o their_o wage_n but_o to_o conclude_v i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o shall_v more_o cry_v up_o the_o lowliness_n of_o spirit_n of_o those_o great_a statesman_n who_o be_v please_v to_o descend_v from_o their_o high_a corollary_n corollary_n sphere_n to_o learn_v their_o politic_n from_o machiavelli_n or_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o those_o captain_n who_o disdain_v to_o stoop_v so_o low_a as_o to_o receive_v their_o lesson_n of_o the_o military_a art_n from_o the_o town_n clerk_n of_o florence_n i_o suppose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o i_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n be_v in_o some_o place_n to_o set_v down_o wherein_o the_o ordinance_n and_o custom_n of_o war_n in_o all_o or_o do_v what_o the_o author_n promise_v to_o do_v most_o of_o the_o several_a point_n or_o part_n of_o it_o in_o divers_a country_n agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o present_a time_n and_o when_o i_o give_v my_o own_o opinion_n it_o shall_v be_v spare_o and_o with_o submission_n neither_o shall_v i_o decline_v to_o go_v as_o far_o back_o in_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o war_n in_o former_a time_n as_o i_o have_v either_o probable_a ground_n for_o conjecture_n or_o any_o glimpse_n of_o light_a to_o conduct_v i_o since_o i_o write_v this_o chapter_n i_o have_v see_v some_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v soldier_n themselves_o have_v give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a french_a art_n and_o order_n of_o war_n as_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr valiere_n mounseur_fw-fr lovis_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr saya_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n ii_o of_o levy_n the_o manner_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o make_v they_o duty_n of_o soldier_n when_o they_o be_v levy_v their_o age_n and_o how_o long_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v army_n be_v proper_o the_o member_n of_o the_o great_a body_n of_o war_n and_o man_n be_v the_o sinew_n of_o army_n the_o best_a choice_n election_n or_o levy_v of_o man_n be_v of_o levy_n voluntary_a levy_n the_o subject_n of_o that_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v the_o war_n where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n impose_v a_o necessity_n on_o man_n â—it_a for_o service_n to_o enroll_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o levy_n alter_v its_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o war_n for_o if_o that_o be_v a_o defensive_a one_o the_o levy_n be_v voluntary_a for_o ordinary_o man_n rise_v willing_o in_o arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n life_n wife_n and_o child_n but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v a_o offensive_a one_o intend_v to_o invade_v a_o stranger_n and_o such_o as_o lead_v native_n from_o their_o country_n and_o home_n and_o carry_v they_o to_o foreign_a land_n it_o be_v not_o universal_o voluntary_a and_o very_o oft_o get_v the_o name_n of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o kind_n of_o levy_n most_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o press_n press_n the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o choose_v most_o of_o their_o cavalry_n out_o of_o the_o gentleman_n or_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o the_o infantry_n out_z of_o the_o commons_o but_o the_o substance_n of_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o vanish_v and_o we_o have_v scarce_o the_o shadow_n of_o it_o leave_v with_o we_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nation_n the_o german_a prince_n and_o imperial_a town_n by_o the_o old_a constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v a_o election_n or_o levy_n of_o their_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o law_n sometime_o the_o ten_o sometime_o the_o six_o or_o five_o man_n or_o according_a to_o their_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o war_n both_o since_o germany_n manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a levy_n in_o germany_n the_o turk_n become_v their_o unwelcome_a neighbour_n and_o before_o he_o have_v foot_v in_o europe_n it_o be_v not_o above_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o year_n since_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o maximilian_n the_o second_o all_o that_o be_v enrol_v in_o the_o german_a cavalry_n be_v by_o birth_n gentleman_n it_o be_v true_a they_o bring_v some_o of_o they_o one_o some_o two_o and_o some_o three_o with_o they_o who_o wait_v on_o they_o well_o horse_v and_o arm_v for_o who_o they_o receive_v wage_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o article_n of_o war_n but_o these_o be_v call_v in_o their_o language_n einspanneer_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o master_n who_o
commission_n when_o this_o book_n be_v write_v for_o the_o author_n give_v he_o not_o that_o title_n in_o his_o epistle_n dedicatory_a this_o author_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o condemn_v the_o use_n of_o the_o pike_n before_o the_o invention_n of_o fire_n gun_n but_o only_o since_o and_o magisterial_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o all_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o in_o late_a time_n have_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o their_o infantry_n of_o pikeman_n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o the_o strong_a of_o his_o argugument_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o order_n whereby_o he_o endeavour_v to_o get_v proselyte_n to_o this_o new_a fancy_n and_o shall_v give_v such_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v pertinent_a but_o shall_v not_o flatter_v myself_o with_o a_o opinion_n that_o they_o will_v be_v satisfactory_a to_o all_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o say_v officer_n choose_v the_o tall_a and_o able_a man_n to_o carry_v argument_n his_o first_o argument_n pike_n 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one_o after_o another_o give_v fire_n and_o after_o that_o i_o aver_v if_o the_o musquetier_n stand_v to_o endure_v the_o push_n of_o the_o pike_n they_o be_v inevitable_o ruin_v and_o if_o they_o fly_v than_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o victory_n i_o still_o suppose_v that_o which_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o that_o be_v that_o the_o pikeman_n and_o musquetier_n be_v of_o equal_a courage_n now_o in_o a_o close_a encounter_n what_o can_v a_o musket_n do_v against_o a_o pike_n or_o a_o naked_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n against_o one_o in_o armour_n if_o then_o the_o pikeman_n fly_v before_o they_o come_v up_o to_o the_o musquetier_n they_o be_v coward_n and_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o their_o courage_n not_o their_o weapon_n if_o they_o lose_v the_o field_n and_o if_o the_o musquetier_n stay_v till_o the_o pikeman_n come_v to_o they_o they_o will_v find_v that_o point_n of_o pike_n bring_v as_o inexorable_a messenger_n of_o death_n as_o bullet_n do_v second_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o nothing_o more_o dishearten_v soldier_n than_o the_o certain_a argument_n second_o argument_n knowledge_n of_o disproportionable_a and_o unequal_a arm_n this_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a but_o from_o hence_o he_o and_o i_o draw_v two_o very_a different_a inference_n i_o be_v that_o musquetier_n will_v be_v sore_o afraid_a to_o buckle_v with_o arm_a pikeman_n if_o the_o pikeman_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o stand_v out_o a_o volley_n or_o two_o and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o musquetier_n will_v be_v afraid_a that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v stand_v it_o out_o but_o he_o make_v another_o inference_n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o pikeman_n will_v be_v afraid_a because_o they_o know_v their_o pike_n be_v of_o no_o effect_n and_o can_v do_v no_o execution_n certain_o he_o tell_v i_o news_n for_o i_o think_v the_o grecian_a german_n and_o switz_n answer_v answer_v batallion_n of_o pike_n have_v very_o frequent_o bear_v down_o all_o before_o they_o and_o so_o have_v do_v execution_n and_o be_v not_o this_o again_o to_o beg_v the_o question_n for_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n i_o assure_v he_o i_o will_v not_o take_v his_o word_n for_o it_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v when_o a_o enemy_n be_v put_v to_o the_o rout_n the_o pikeman_n be_v heau_o arm_v can_v follow_v the_o execution_n i_o shall_v ready_o grant_v it_o to_o he_o and_o vegetius_n will_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o heavy_a arm_a be_v like_o a_o iron_n wall_n which_o can_v neither_o run_v away_o from_o a_o victorious_a enemy_n nor_o pursue_v a_o fly_a one_o for_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o horse_n and_o light_v arm_v foot_n but_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o pike_n can_v do_v no_o execution_n by_o a_o instance_n which_o i_o pray_v you_o hear_v and_o observe_v there_o happen_v a_o tumult_n between_o the_o english_a and_o swisser_n in_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n his_o leaguer_n when_o he_o lie_v before_o schencksconce_v the_o swisser_n go_v to_o arm_n and_o be_v in_o battle_n present_v their_o pike_n here_o our_o author_n be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o two_o english_a man_n with_o sword_n only_o enter_v among_o the_o swisser_n pike_n and_o cut_v off_o say_v he_o several_a of_o their_o head_n of_o the_o pike_n i_o hope_v not_o of_o the_o swisser_n and_o bring_v they_o away_o with_o they_o the_o two_o english_a unhurt_a if_o this_o be_v all_o true_a what_o will_v it_o evince_v but_o the_o great_a modesty_n and_o patience_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o both_o nation_n in_o appease_v the_o tumult_n for_o our_o author_n be_v mad_a if_o he_o think_v that_o any_o rational_a creature_n will_v be_v persuade_v by_o he_o to_o believe_v that_o two_o man_n with_o sword_n can_v affront_v a_o body_n of_o pikeman_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o go_v away_o so_o easy_o if_o the_o other_o have_v be_v please_v to_o resent_v it_o three_o he_o say_v only_o three_o rank_n of_o pike_n can_v do_v hurt_v the_o rest_n be_v 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any_o other_o art_n be_v neither_o direct_o indirect_o nor_o consequential_o discharge_v in_o scripture_n ergo_fw-la the_o profession_n of_o mere_a soldiery_n be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v object_v here_o that_o the_o apostle_n write_v to_o the_o corinthian_n order_n every_o man_n that_o will_v eat_v to_o work_v with_o his_o hand_n i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o corinthian_n be_v a_o people_n conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o be_v soldier_n and_o next_o if_o the_o command_n be_v general_a for_o all_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o age_n than_o soldier_n be_v include_v for_o they_o work_v with_o their_o hand_n and_o very_o oft_o a_o bloody_a work_n and_o if_o no_o divine_a law_n be_v against_o this_o profession_n as_o little_o can_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o any_o positive_a law_n of_o man_n have_v forbid_v it_o and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n make_v use_v of_o man_n who_o know_v no_o other_o trade_n but_o that_o of_o soldiery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o sin_n if_o that_o profession_n be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o nay_o i_o have_v know_v the_o time_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o serve_v in_o germany_n that_o prince_n and_o state_n though_o they_o bestow_v levy-shoney_a very_o plentiful_o can_v not_o get_v half_a so_o many_o of_o that_o profession_n as_o they_o desire_v and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n when_o i_o write_v this_o those_o european_a prince_n who_o be_v hot_a in_o war_n with_o other_o can_v get_v man_n enough_o of_o that_o trade_n and_o yet_o i_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o get_v more_o than_o they_o pay_v well_o but_o hugh_n de_fw-fr grot_n common_o call_v grotius_n a_o very_a learned_a and_o grave_a author_n examine_v grotius_n opinion_n examine_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr fare_n belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v a_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o soldiery_n for_o there_o he_o say_v 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fault_n in_o too_o many_o soldier_n but_o all_o soldier_n not_o be_v guilty_a of_o they_o all_o shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o they_o nor_o shall_v the_o profession_n suffer_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o some_o of_o its_o professor_n de_fw-fr grot_n will_v have_v take_v it_o unkind_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v argue_v thus_o with_o he_o no_o such_o a_o godless_a kind_n of_o life_n as_o of_o those_o who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n embrace_v the_o quarrel_n though_o never_o so_o unjust_a of_o such_o client_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o reward_v they_o for_o though_o this_o be_v true_a enough_o in_o thesi_fw-la yet_o grotius_n will_v have_v think_v that_o by_o such_o a_o expression_n i_o reflect_v on_o all_o lawyer_n and_o advocate_n and_o their_o profession_n too_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o too_o many_o lawyer_n do_v so_o which_o grotius_n who_o profess_a law_n know_v but_o too_o well_o and_o perhaps_o practise_v it_o too_o much_o and_o as_o 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