Episcopal See. Toul eighty six from Mansuet to Messire Jacques de Fieux Prince of the Empire Verdun ninety four or ninety five from St. Sanctin to Messire N. de Bethune Bishop and Count of Verdun and Prince of the Empire He succeeds Messire Armand de Monchi d' Hoquincourt The Rank and Seats of the Prelates THe Archbishops and Bishops have Rank and Seat in the General Assemblies of the Clergy according to the antiquity of their Consecration The Prelates which are Dukes and Peers of France have the precedency above the others at the Ceremony of the Consecration of the Kings and in the Seats of Parliament and enter with their Coaches into the Court of the Louvre Agents General of the Clergie of France THe Clergy has two Agents General at Court to mind Eccesiastical affairs the Archbishops and Suffragan Bishops name them alternatively They hold their Charge five years because at each General Assembly of the Clergy two are created who are deputed each by the Province which names at his turn Messieurs the Abbots of Maretz Colbert and of Bezons Doctors of Sorbonne were created Agents An. 1680. having been nominated the one by the Archbishop of Rheims and the other by him of Narbonne Bourges and Vienne gave Agents An. 1675. It is observ'd that there is no Prelate who has been Agent-General of the Clergy but that he understands affairs for as men do business so business makes men The Clergy has also its Treasurer call'd otherwise Receiver-General Those that would know the continuation and succession of all the Archbishops and Bishops of France must read a Book of a great labour in four Volumes in Folio compos'd by the Sieurs de Sainte-Marthe entituled Gallia Christiana there are seen there a great number of Popes Bulls the day of the creation of the Prelates their Qualities their Arms the names and the number of Abbeys This Work was printed An. 1656. and is worth a thousand other Impressions There is to be seen also another Book on this subject which has for Title Series Episcoporum Pierre Frison has given the publick Gallia Purpurata Since some time the King seldom gives Archbishopricks to Ecclesiastical persons if they are not actually Bishops These Archbishopricks contain many Suffragans under them our Conquests increase the number The sole Province of Languedoc has had to this time twenty two Bishops and as many Barons entring yearly into the Estates The Duke of Verneüil is Governour of this Province the Marquess de Cauvisson the Comte de Roure and the Marquess de Montanegue are Lieutenants General for the King and Messire Henry d'Aguessau Master of Requests and President of the Grand Council is there Intendant of Justice Polity and Finances He succeeds Messire Claude de Bezons Counsellor of State in Ordinary who liv'd there a long time and who manag'd well the Kings affairs We shall remark in favour of this Province that the Law of Aubeine or Escheatage has no place here by priviledge and exemption of the King nor in the Vicounty of Turenne Laurence Bouchet Advocate in the Court of Parliament of Paris is formal in the point in his Book entituled La Bibliotheque ou Tresor du droit des Francois in which are treated civil criminal and beneficial matters govern'd as well by the Ordinances and Customs of France as decided by Decrees of Soveraign Courts summarily extracted from the most famous French Lawyers and Practitioners and compar'd in many places with the Laws and Customs of Foreign Nations This book was printed at Paris An. 1629. There may be seen also thereon the book of the Province which contains its Priviledges The ordinary List of the Parliaments of France and the time of their erection PAris Tolose Grenoble Bordeaux Dijon Roüen Aix Rennes Pau and Metz. There are added Tornai and Dole its Parliament was plac'd at Bezancon An. 1674. Perpignan has a soveraign Council which judges without appeal as also Pignerol Brisac and other places That which the French call Parliament that is to say conference and debate concerning things belonging to Justice the Spaniards name Soveraign Council and the Savoyards the Senate The Parliament of Paris was made of constant Session on the place by Philippes le Bel An. 1302. and according to Chorier An. 1288. It was before liable to be remov'd from place ro place The 19th of May 1678. Loüis the Fourteenth nominated Messire Nicolas Potier Chevalier Lord of Novion and of Vilbon President of the Cap to the place of first President of this Parliament This place has been long due to his Merit to his Integrity to his great Lights and to that long experience of the Parliament-house which he has acquir'd with an indefatigable and wholly wonderful Assiduity He has rendred himself considerable on all occasions and particularly on those great days which he held at Clermont in Auvergne 1665. Tolose was instituted by the same Philippe le Bel and in the same year as Paris An. 1302. and made fixt An. 1443. and according to Chorier An. 1320. Its first President is at this day Messire Gaspart de Fieubet Grenoble by the Dolphin Loüis Son and Successor of Charles le Bel who confirm'd Anno 1453. by his Letters-Patents that which the Dolphin had done Its first President at this day is call'd Denis le Goux de la Berchere Bourdeaux by Loüis the Eleventh An. 1462. Bourdeaux and Grenoble sit by turns That of Bourdeaux was transferred some years since to Condom and afterward to Marmande from Marmande to la Reole This Parliament has at present for its first President N. d Olide by the voluntary demission of Messire Arnaud de Pontac Dijon by the same King Loüis the Eleventh An. 1476. Messire Loüis Laisne Chevalier Lord de la Margrie after having been many years Counsellor to the Grand Council Master of Requests and having exercis'd divers Intendances of Justice Polity and Finances in Guienne Normandy Burgundy and had many important Commissions in Languedoc for the Kings service and in his Armies was created for his merit first President of the Parliament of Dijon An. 1653. and has kept the place with all the Splendour Honesty Honour and Understanding imaginable so far that his Majesty judg'd him necessary in his Council where he has been one of the most employed in the Affairs of State and of the Finances Messire Nicolas Brulard has been some years first President of this Parliament Roüen was establisht by Loüis the Twelfth An. 1499. The Author of the book entituled L'Etat de la France sets this Parliament after that of Tolose he speaks in these terms The Soveraign Court of Normandy regulated under the name of Echiquier by Philippe le Bel An. 1302. was made perpetual by Loüis the Twelfth An. 1499. though it did not bear the name of Parliament but under Francis the First An. 1515. Messire Claude Pellot is here President since his Intendances of Justice Aix An. 1501. by Loüis the Twelfth Late Messire Geofrey Camus
in their harness all cover'd with pretious Stones is an Ornament and many other Rarieties The Metropolitan Church called the Dome dedicated to St. John is the depository of the holy face-cloath on which we see imprinted the face and other parts of the body of the Son of God. The other Towns of Piemont are Vercelli Susa Turée Mondevis Ast Carignan Carmagnolo St. Tas. Susa is the first that is found at the entrance of Italy at the foot of the Alps ten leagues from Turin Pompey established there a Colony which gives testimony of its antiquity It has passed for the Capitol of the small Principality of the little King Coetius This Country is fertile Provisions are cheap and Silver scarce because there is no Trade Susa which is in Persia is more renowned than that before-mentioned because the great Assuerus who commanded from the Indies even to Aethiopia an hundred twenty seven Provinces and other Kings have held there their Court. Piemont has two or three Rivers whose banks afford Gold it is found divided into slender parcels called Threads The way of gathering it is noted in a book intituled Conversations de l'Academie de l'Abbé Bourdelot in the Chapter of the Philosophers Stone which was the subject of a long Conference The principal Towns of Savoy after Chamberry are Anneci St. John de Morienne Monstier in Tarentaise and others Montmebian is the strongest place Savoy was called by this name as who would say Sauve-voye or safe-way and this since it was purged of Way-Robbers and Murtherers who rendered the ways dangerous and unpassable or else from a Village called Sabbatie or Sabaudie which Ptolomy and other Geographers place under the Alps. According to the opinion most followed it took its name from Sabaudus Archbishop of Arles who made it Catholick Its Mountains bring forth many Monkeys These Animals sleep six months of the year they have the mussel and ears of a Squiril and four long and sharp teeth the legs short great nails on their feet and the hair rough Chimney-sweepers bring of them to Paris they are easily taken when they are asleep The Latines call this Animal Mus Alpinus There are a great many in the Mountains of Switzerland Chateauniere deGrenaille tells us that persons that cannot sleep or that are tormented with the Cholick find themselves relieved by rubbing their belleys with their fat Many Mountaineers get Strumous swellings by drinking Snow-water which by its erudity and ill quality causes the glandulous swelling about the throat Mount Cenis and little St. Bernard are the principal passages of the Alps for Italy Great Mount Cenis is the ordinary Road of the Posts of France and little Mount Cenis is a shorter way but more uneasie We find there the invention of a sort of Sled on which a man sitting advances in less than half a quarter of an hour a league by sliding on the Snow from the top of the Mountain to the bottom There are persons trained to this exercise called Sled-drivers who guide the Sled by stopping it when it is necessary with a great Prong of iron which they fix in the way On the top of the Mountain there are houses which they call the Ramass where the Sled-drivers are by whom men cause themselves to be driven on a Sled when they go to Lasueburg We find on the right hand the Chappel into which those persons are carried who are killed by the extremity of the cold in their Journey and on whom is found no mark of their Religion When persons so killed are discovered to be Catholicks they are buried in the next Catholick Church-yard If they are Protestants they are carried into the next Church-yard of theirs Those that go into this Chappel fancy they are in the Kingdom of the Dead the Air is so subtile that those bodies do not putrifie there are many of them entire with their flesh skin and hair without having changed but a very little of their colour They are placed in order upright against the walls of this Chappel a place of sadness and melancholy Mount St. Gothard which is the passage from Switzerland has also a Chappel of persons frozen to death Our Lady of Laghette is very famous two leagues from Nice The greatest part of the Tombs of the Dukes of Savoy are in the rich Abbey of Haute-combe on the Lake Bourget The Dominions of this Prince may be seventy leagues in length and thirty or forty in breadth and in some parts above fifty Spain would have swallowed them up in the minority of Charles Emanuel the Second but France opposing it made them give over the Attempt His Royal Highness has four houses of pleasure about Turin which must not be forgotten to wit that de la Grande Venerie Royal that of Valentin and those of Mirefleur and of Rovili Purpurat must also be added to the number Nor must we omit la Generale which belongs to President Truchy a Minister of State of a great understanding and equally zealous for the service of his Prince At the beginning of the year 1679 the Abbot d Estrade at his return from his Embassie from Venice where he resided three years was sent to this Court with the Character of Embassadour of France his entry was very solemn He succeeded to Duke Villars chosen for the Embassie of Spain where he formerly was and the Marquess Ferrero was appointed Embassadour of Savoy with the most Christian King. The Ratification of the Marriage of the Duke of Savoy with the Infanta of Portugal was at Lisbone the 18th of Aug. 1679. The 19th of September following the Sieur of the Red hat Deputy and first Syndick of the Town of Geneva accompanied with Sieur Pittet and others had Audience of Madam Royal to give her satisfaction concerning some subjects of complaint that she had made against that Town at the beginning of her Regency He gave her to understand in a fine discourse how sorry his Masters were for all that had happened that their-intentions had never been to do any thing that was disagreeable to so great a Princess and that they humbly suppli'd her to forget all that was past by a motion of Generosity and to let them feel the effects of her good will towards them He addressed himself afterwards to his Royal Highness and gave him to understand the desire the Town of Geneva had to merit his good will and the part they took in the glory that the Prince acquired by his Marriage with the Infanta of Portugal Heiress of so great a Kingdom These Deputies were presented each before their departure with a Chain of Gold. The Great Duke of Tuscany Cosmus the Third Great Duke of Tuscany of the House of Medices Cath. He bears Or with five Roundles Gules and one in cheif Azure charged with three Flower-de-luces Or. This Prince is Son of Ferdinand the Second of Victoria de la Roüere he married the 19th of April 1661. by Proxie the Princess Louïse Marguerite of Orleans
remembrance of him in their Arms. The Archbishops of Mayence as Chancellours of the Empire keep the Archives of the Empire and the original register-Register-books where are registred the names of all the Princes and Estates who have a Voice in the Diets When the Emperour is dead they give notice to the other Electors and signifie to them a day to set upon a new Election Mayence Aschaffembourg are the ordinary places of Residence of this Prelate who has thirteen Suffragans Strasbourg is one Of late years there has been united to this Archbishoprick the Bishoprick and Principality of Wormes Mayence has had seventeen Archbishops from S. Boniface to Anselm Francis Frederick Forty Bishops preceded them the first was S. Crescens and the last Gervilio This Archbishoprick yields ordinarily to its Archbishop six or seven hundred thousand Crowns of Annual Rent its Dominions contain twenty five Bailiwicks and a great many Tolls on the Rhine and on the Main This Elector is Dean of the Electoral Colledge he crowns the Emperour on his Lands The Election is made ordinarily at Francfort on the Main though not by an indispensable necessity because the Emperours have formerly receiv'd the Crown at Aix la Chappelle and of late years at Francfort and elsewhere The Elector of Saxony contested the Election with Ferdinand the First because he was elected at Cologne Mayence which was formerly an Imperial Town lost its Priviledges by the Assassinate of Arnold de Zellenouë its Archbishop The Chapter is compos'd of twenty four Capitulary Canons that is to say who have a deliberate Voice they are all Gentlemen I will not pass with silence a thing which pass'd in this Town An. 745. It s Prelate Boniface not believing that there were Antipodes accus'd of Heresie before Pope Zachary of whom he was Legate Vigilis Bishop of Saltzbourg because he had maintain'd the contrary both in his Pulpit and in a Book which he compos'd whereat some Church-men being scandaliz'd accus'd him to Boniface who caus'd him to be condemn'd as an Heretick alledging that St. John Chrysostom S. Austin and other Fathers of the Church had not believ'd a new World and that to set up a new was to introduce a new Jesus Christ. Zacharie writ on this subject two Letters to Boniface which are inserted in the general Sum of the Councils We can no longer doubt of a new World since the discovery of Christopher Columbus It has been said since of this Archbishop Boniface that he was as ill a Geometer as he was a good man. There is seen in this Diocess an ancient Tower famous in History call'd Meusthur that is to say the Tower of Rats in a Lake where Hatton the Second of this name was devour'd by these Animals An. 914. through a divine punishment Some Authors relate that they gnaw'd away even his name wheresoever they found it The Jews were expell'd from Mayence Anno 1433. The Invention of Printing SOme attribute to John Guttemberg Gentleman Native of Mayence some say of Strasbourg the Invention of Printing about the year 1440. under Pope Eugenius the Fourth Chasteauniere de Grenaille says that it was in the Town of Haërlem sometime an Episcopal Town where it was invented that it was Laurence Coster who first invented this Art and that after having begun to work upon it and having profited and advanc'd in it one of his treacherous Servants call'd John Faustus pocketed up and carried away to Mayence all the Letters and other Instruments serving for Printing in a word the whole Trade in a Christmas-night whilst his Master and all the Family were at the Midnight-Mass Boxhornius in his Book entituled the Theatre of Holland has written in favour of Haërlem as also Petrus Scriverius Naudé has declar'd himself for Mayence There are seen on the house of the said Laurence Coster Citizen Keeper of the Royal Palace of Haërlem these words MEMORIAE SACRVM Typographia Ars Artium omnium Conservatrix hic Primum Inventa circa annum 1430. And moreover the Statue of Coster with this Inscription VIRO CONSVLARI Laurentio Costero Harlemensi Alteri Cadmo Artis Typographicoe circa annum Domini 1430. Inventori primo benè de literis ac toto orbi merito hanc Q. L. Q. C. Statuam quia oeream non habuit pro Monumento posuit gratissimus M. Joli Chanter of the Church of Paris has very well remarkt that we must not think strange of the difference of these two dates 1440. and 1430. which are in these Inscriptions because Boxhornius makes the Invention of Printing more ancient by ten years telling us that Coster laid the first Foundations An. 1420. The late Dean of Munster call'd Malinchrot maintains that the Invention of Printing belongs to Mayence He has compos'd a Book in Quarto which has for title de Ortu Progressu Artis Typographicoe which was printed at Cologne An. 1639. Parival says in his Book entituled Les Delices de la Holland p. 86. that the Chineses a long time since invented Printing that it was polisht at Mayence and thence convey'd all over Europe but that the Honour belongs to Laurence Coster and the immortal Glory to Haërlem Adrian Junius says that the first Characters for Printing were of Beech-wood whereof Coster bethought him afterward of Lead then of Tin. Others say with more likelihood that they began to print at Haërlem with Tables of Box or of Brass ingraven after the Chinese manner The Book entituled Speculum nostroe Salutis printed at Haërlem and at Mayence is very ancient as also the Catholicum Januense it 's a Latin Dictionary call'd Prosodia It was compos'd by a Religious man of the Order of St. Dominick and printed at Mayence An. 1460. That of the Dominicans de la rue S. Honore is of the year 1629. The first Bible was printed at Mayence by John Faustus and Peter Schoeffer his Son-in-Law An. 1462. and the year following S. Austin de Civitate Dei in the same Town Martin and Michel Vlriques were the first who exercis'd in Paris the Art of Printing An. 1470. The Latin Bible was printed at Paris Anno 1512. Those of Robert Stevens came forth at Paris An. 1528 and 1532. The first Huguenot Bible was translated from Hebrew into French by Peter Olivetan vulgarly Oliveteau and printed at Neuchastel in Switzerland An. 1535. by Pirot Picard The Bible of Vatablus was printed by the same Robert Stevens An. 1557. in three Volumes in Folio The Sieur Joli above-mentioned says in his Book entituled Voyage fait à Munster autres lieux voisins An. 1646 and 1647. a remarkable thing which is that to adjust the difference betwixt Haërlem and Mayence concerning the Invention of Printing it may be concluded from a Book of Bertius that Coster at Haërlem lighted on the Invention of Printing after the manner of the Chineses and that Guttemberg and Faustus invented afterward at Mayence the moveable and changeable Characters for composing syllables and words because Scriverius shew'd
A MODERN VIEW Of such PARTS of EUROPE That hath lately been and still are the places of great Transactions Viz. ITALY with all its Principalities FRANCE with all its Provinces and Bishopricks GERMANY with the Dukedome of Lorrain and all the Electorates and Lordships of the Empire SPAIN With all its Dominions c. Wherein is shewed the Present State of all those Countries with Curious Remarks of Antiquity Interwoven LONDON Printed and Sold by J. Bird at the Sun near the Kings-Bench in Westminster-Hall 1689. TO THE Candid Reader THis Treatise exposeth to your view the most eminent Things and Transactions of this World concerning Ecclesiastical States Monarchies Republicks the varieties of Sects and Religions the Origine of Arts and Sciences several unparallel'd Accidents variety of Recherches in Antiquity and Memoires containing the Combats Battels Sieges surprizal or taking of Towns and the most signaliz'd and memorable Actions that have happened in this Modern Age. If any curious Reader shall oppose the Digressions of this Tract I must desire him to consider that they are both useful and necessary and so far from exposing him to Fatigue and Trouble that they will prove a grand Satisfaction and Diversion I must confess I have in this Composition discovered several gross Errours in some Authors whom I have forborn to recite because I scorn to shame them but if any Criticks desire a more regugular Method than herein is chalked out which is a thing of more than ordinary difficulty in a Business of this nature and in so great variety of Matter I desire them to take into their consideration that this Natural way of Writing will be by all Persons of Ingenuity preferr'd before any Scholastick Dissertation or Disputation whatsoever I have no more to say but this You will herein find Variety the Comfort and Satisfaction of Mankind that Gravity which will please the Serious that Diversion which will gratifie the Curious that Variety which can displease none but such as are void and destitute both of Sense and Reason And therefore I shall detain you no longer from the perusal of this Treatise onely give me leave to acquaint you that there is herein contain'd nothing but what is grounded upon Truth and gathered from the most Authentick Writers and present State of this Modern Age. Yours Gidion Pontier A TABLE OF THE Contents of this Book Of ITALY THe Papacy pag. 1 The Etymology of the Name Cardinal his Institution and his Habits 10 The Continuation of the Actions of Pope Innocent the Eleventh 13 The Singularities and curious remarkable Actions of some Popes 15 Observations on the reducement of Jubiles under what Popes and in what times 22 The opening of the Jubile 25 The splendid Ceremonies and the Honour of Rome 29 St. Austin's three Desires ibid. The Dominion of the Pope 30 Places of Pleasure ibid. Ornaments of Rome 32 The chief Towns of Italy with their Epithets and Elogies 33 The chief Rivers of Italy 35 Popes by birth French-men and Passages of their Lives 36 The future Popes how conformable to the Prophecies 54 The chief Princes of Italy after the Popes are five First the Duke of Savoy 55 Secondly the Great Duke of Tuscany 62 Thirdly the Duke of Mantua 67 Fourthly the Duke of Modena 69 Fifthly the Bishop of Trent 71 The Figure of Italy and its length ibid. An Itinerary 72 Of FRANCE 75 THe Dolphin of France and his Marriage 79 The Duke of Orleans 81 The Prince of Condé and the Duke d'Enguien 83 Prince Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne Vicount de Turenne 84 The ancient Marshals of France living An. 1680. 86 The Ministers and Secretaries of State ibid. The Chancellor 87 M. de la Villiere 89 M. de Louvois 90 M. Colbert 91 M. Colbert Croissi 93 The Councils 94 France the Mountain of the Muses 97 King of France his places of Residence 98 The Louvre ibid. The Tuilleries 100 Fontainbleau ibid. Versailles 101 Paris 103 Colledge Mazarin its Institution Library and Academy 109 The House of President Perrot 112 Houses of Pleasure about Paris 116 Houses and Places of Devotion near Paris 118 The Treasury of St. Dennis 120 The Tombs of the Kings of France 124 Other famous places of Devotion and Pilgrimages greatly frequented in the Kingdom 125 The twelve ancient general Governments of the Provinces called together at Paris under Loüis the Thirteenth according to their rank and place in the States General 129 The Governours of the Provinces 130 Conquered Countries 133 The Fertility of France 134 The Channel of Languedoc 135 The chief Towns of France 138 The most considerable Maritime Towns ibid. The great Rivers 142 The Epithites of the great Rivers 144 The principal small Rivers 145 Pont du Gard 150 A Catalogue of the Archbish and Bishops of France containing the number and name of the first and last Bishop of each Diocess to An. 1680. 153 The Archbishoprick of Rheims ibid. The Archbishoprick of Narbonne 156 The Archbishoprick of Bourges 159 The Archbishoprick of Vienne 160 The Archbishoprick of Tolose 162 The Archbishoprick of Roüen 163 The Archbishoprick of Sens 164 The Bishops of Bethlem 165 The Archbishoprick of Lyons 167 The Archbishoprick of Bourdeaux 169 The Archbishoprick of Arles 170 The Archbishoprick of Ambrun 172 The Archbishoprick of Tours 174 The Archbishoprick of Aix 176 The Archbishoprick of Paris 177 The Archbishoprick of Albi 179 The Archbishoprick of Cambray 181 The Archbishoprick of Bezancon 183 The Rank and Seats of the Prelates 184 Agents General of the Clergie of France 185 The ordinary List of the Parliaments of France and the time of their erection 187 The Countries of State 193 Remarkable things of these times happening from the year 1672 to the beginning of 1680. 193 Of the Peace betwixt France Holland Spain the Emperour the Elector of Brandenburg and Denmark 203 The Marriage of the Princess Mary Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain 205 A Continuation of Affairs to this time 206 Of LORAIN 208 THe chief Towns in Lorain 210 Those of the Dutchy of Bar ibid. Mausoleums of the Dukes of Lorain ibid. The Marriage of Prince Charles of Lorain 213 Of GERMANY 214 OF the City of Vienna 215 221 The chief Houses of Pleasure in the Country 215 The Coronation of the Emperour with the signification of the three Crowns 216 The Golden Bull 217 Prerogatives of the Emperour 219 Fourteen Emperours of the House of Austria ibid. The chief Towns of Germany 220 The Cities of Prague and Presburg 222 Of Aix-la-Chappelle and Ratisbonne 223 Of Erfort Munic and Strasburg 224 The Tower Clock Bridge and famous Trees of Strasburg 225 The Ceremonies of Electing the Bishop of Strasburg 226 The number and Residence of the Canons of Strasburg 227 The ancient Entrance of the Bishop of Strasburg and the number of Bishops it hath had 228 Of the Cities of Hamburg and Munster 229 The Cities of Magdeburg Nuremburg and Ausbourg 231 The Cities of Francsort Passau Visbourg Brunswick
the Cap of Doctor and to create Apostolical Protonotaries without the Walls of Rome The same Claudius Vaurus says that if the Apostolical Protonotaries are not much esteemed in France it 's because they are somewhat idle in performing their Function though haply this idleness be not blamable in them because there is want of matter for them to exercise themselves there being but few Martyrs and Saints at present within our Kingdom that oblige the Protonotaries to write their Lives St. Cletus was the first that inserted in his Letters these words Salutem Benedictionem Apostolicum St. Anacletus ordained that Ecclesiasticks should wear their hair short and confirmed by a new Decree that Bishops should be consecrated by three other Bishops Telesphorus a Grecian by Nation enjoyned the use of singing at Mass the Canticle of the Angels Gloria in excelsis Deo and impower'd Priests to say three Masses on Christmass-day St. Zephyrinus made the Decree of receiving the Communion at least once a year and not to proceed in Law against a Bishop accus'd of any Crime whatsoever without the authority of the holy See. St. Lucius ordained that a Bishop should be always accompanied with some Priest to the end that his presence should oblige him to lead a regular life St. Sylvester the First the thirty fourth Pope was the first that erected an Altar of Stone which he consecrated and anointed with holy Oyl Before him they were made of Wood and portable by reason of the persecuation that the Christians underwent under the Pagan Emperours which was so great that the thirty three first Popes suffered Martyrdom He was raised to the Pontificate in the beginning of the Empire of Constantine the Great who embracing Christianity gave joy and tranquillity to the Church and a secure Settlement after so many troubles and afflictions This Emperour after he was baptized enlarged the Christian Religion built Churches made Foundations for entertaining its Ministers with splendour and freed the Clergie from Taxes He transported the Seat of his Empire into Thracia to the Town of Bysantium called since by him Constantinople St. Damasus suppressed the Corepiscopi they were Priests whom the Bishops were wont to send into divers Villages and Burroughs of their Diocesses with a particular power to preach the the Word of God and to establish Ecclesiastical Discipline They were called Corepiscopi They were suppressed because they went often beyond their Commission doing Functions that belonged but to the Bishops themselves Some of them had the Episcopal Character St. Gregory the Great was the first who qualified himself Servus servorum Dei the Servant of the servants of God. He took this Title to check the boldness of John the Faster Patriarch of Constantinople who took the Title of Vniversal Bishop The Emperour Phocas condemned the Arrogancy of this Prelate declaring by an Edict the contrary according to the judgment of the ancient Fathers and Councils who own'd the Church of Rome to be the Head of all others Pope Boniface the Third according to the common opinion introduced the use of Bells in the Church Anno 606. The learned Genebrard ascribes the Invention to Pope Sabinianus who ordained Anno 604. that they should be rung at Canonical hours and at Mass The Bell is called Campana from a Province of Italy called Campania where it 's thought they began They were introduced into Greece Anno 865. by those that the Venetians sent to the Emperour Michael Baron 865. the Bell is made speak thus 1. Laudo Deum verum 2. Plebem voco 3. Convoce Clerum 4. Defunctos ploro 5. Pestem fugo 6. Festa decoro Those that have a mind to know more may read Paluoti Sergius the First caused the Agnus Dei to be sung at Mass Adrian the First ordained that the Papal Bulls should be seal'd with Lead and not with Wax for the longer continuance of the Seals Leo the Tenth made the famous Concordat with Francis the First Anno 1515. according to which it is permitted to the Kings of France to have the Nomination to Bishopricks and Abbeys These Benefices are called Consistorial because their vacancy is propos'd in the Consistory to be provided for The Pope reserves to himself a years Revenue from each of these Benefices and it is that which is called the Law of first Fruits which is paid when the Bulls are taken up Gregory the ninth caused the Book of Decretals to be couch'd in writing containing the Constitutions of the Popes to serve for the Canon-Law which is read in Catholick Universities Paul the Third obliged the Jews to wear the Yellow Cap to distinguish them from the Christians Gregory the Thirteenth reform'd the Kalendar Anno 1582. by cutting off ten days in October from the fifth of the said month to the 14th inolusively so that after the fourth of October the ten days following were leapt over and they counted the 15th the day after England Sweden Denmark and other Northern Countries that disown the Pope do not make use of this Kalendar which is called otherwise the Gregorian year but retain the ancient way of counting Thence it is that when Catholick Countries are at fourteen in the month the others count four and say in their dates the ancient or new Stile Famous Astrologers and Mathematicians were employed in reforming this Kalendar to take care that the points of the Equinoxes and Solstices should not change place for the future which had caused a disorder in the day sixt for the Feast of Easter which ought always to be the Sunday after the full Moon of the Equinox of March. Pope Victor the First made a Decree to avoid concurring with the Jews and others who were called Quarto-decumans because they celebrated it the 14th of the Moon on whatever day of the Week it happened The Decree of this Prelate was confirmed in the first General Council of Nice Anno 1679 the Elector of Saxony caused a form to be presented to the Diet of Ratisbone for agreeing on a Kalendar to be received throughout the Empire of Germany Gregory the Thirteenth ordained that the Cardinals of Religious Orders who wore a black Cap or of the colour of their Order should wear it red like the others It was Innocent the Twelfth who gave the Cardinals in the Council of Lions the red Cap as an Hieroglifick that they ought to pour forth their bloud for the support of the Church as it results from the words which the Pope uses in putting it on their heads in these terms Ad laudem Omnipotentis Dei Sanctae Sedis Apostolicae ornamentum accipe Galerum rubrum Insigne singulare dignitatis Cardinalatûs per quod designatur quod usque ad mortem sanguinis effusionem inclusivè pro exaltatione Sanctae Fidei pace quiete populi Christiani augmento statu sacrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae te intrepidum exhibere debeas In nomine Patris Filii Spiritus Sancti His Holiness sends the red Cap with
Apparation happened on a day that St. Gregory the Great carried in a solemn Procession the Image of the Virgin at a time when the Plague wholly dispeopl'd Rome This Scourge ceased as soon as the Angel had sheathed his Sword. There is to be seen since in that place the Figure of an Angel in Marble The Emperour Adrian a great lover of Building caused this Fortress to be built which was the place where he was buried Pope Sixtus the V. left there five millions of Gold with a Bull defending all Popes under pain of Excommunication to alienate them but in the extremest necessity for the defence of the Popes and of the City Pope Vrban the Eighth caused this Castle to be well fortified placing in it the fairest pieces of Cannon that are any where to be seen there are six which were given by a King of England some of them are made of many Statues of the false Gods melted The Tower in the middle of it is so elevated that it commands all the approaches of the Town The Coridor of the Vatican-Palace reaching to the Castle St. Angelo is very convenient for the retreat of the Popes in times of War or of Sedition Other Ornaments of Rome IN Rome the beautiful Churches the fair Pillars the Antiquities the Popes Court the Aquoeducts the large Streets the Obelisks the Mausolea the Catacombi the Library of the Vatican draw the admiration of all men There is so great a number of Fountains that it's thought if they ran all into one Channel they would make a River and some think large enough to bear Vessels The Vatican draws its Etymology from Answers or Oracles which the Latines call Vaticinia It s Library is described by the Sieur le Gallois in his book intituled Traité des plus belles Bibliotheques de l'Europe It contains excellent Disquisitions and Curiosities It was printed at Paris An. 1680. The Rota is a famous Tribunal composed of twelve Auditors of different Nations the jurisdiction whereof extends it self on beneficiary and profane causes It 's thought they are so called because they sit in a Circle and roul about the most important differences of the Christian World. Their Judgments are called Decisions of the Rota and to express well their force and authority it suffices to say The Rota has thus determined The chief Towns of Italy with their Epithetes and Elogies are ROme the Holy Roma la Santa Naples the Noble Napoli la Gentile Venice the Rich Venetia la Ricca Genoa the Proud Genova la Superba for its Palaces and Buildings Milan the Great Milano la Grando Bolonia the Fat Bolonia la Grassa for the fertility of its Soil Ravenna the Ancient Ravenna l' Antica Padua the Learned Padua la Dotta for its University because good learning has always flourisht there According to Sabellicus we may place Mantua in parallel with Ravenna for Antiquity and with Bolonia for the goodness of its Soil Italy is called the Garden of Europe for its charming Delights and Beauty and according to the Proverb A man has seen no fine Country if he has not seen Italy I cannot end this Paragraph of the remarkable Towns of Italy without naming that of Melphi in the Kingdom of Naples which is famous for having brought forth Flavio to whom is attributed the invention of the Sea-Compass which shews Pilots the course they ought to steer the place whence they come and that whither they are going and where they are According to the common Opinion this Flavio of Melphi invented it the year of our Salvation 1300. It was called Boussole from Buxus or Buxeolus because those of the West put it at first in a Case of Box. The Sieur Faucher President of the Mint-concern says that it was called in France for above 400 years the Marinotte Some persons over-speculative think it may be presumed to have been in use in the time of the Children of Noah because they had Iron and the Load-stone proper to compose it and the knowledge of the Mathematicks Levinus and Pineda say that Solomon's Pilots made use of it to go to the Islands of Tharsis and of Ophir The Scripture notes that Solomon having equipt a Fleet on the Coast of the Red Sea Hiram King of Tyre furnisht him with his Sea-men skill'd in the Art of Navigation The Greek Poet writes that the Pole was observed in Navigation in the time of the Trojan War And the Latine Poet that men observed the Stars And thence some think that this could not be done without the Sea-Compass not considering that men before did nothing but coast about upon the Sea and sail in Roads After having mention'd the Town of Melphi on the account of Flavio that of Ferrara comes into my mind on the occasion of a great Lover of Learning viz. Coelius Calcagninus a Noble Person of Ferrara living Anno 1249. it was his will to be buried in his Library which has this Inscription on the door Index tumuli Coelii Calcagnini qui ibidem voluit sepeliri ubi semper vixit The chief Rivers THe River Po the Tiber Ticinus Doero Laddo Rubicon called now Pisatello Menzo Garrigliano Offranto in Poüille Arnus and others The Po is called by the Greeks Eridanus it passes at Turin Cazal and Valentia near Milan and at other places This River is famous amongst the Poets for the fabulous fall of young Phaeton its source is in the highest Mountain of the Alps called Montviso on the side of Piedmont it receives thirty Rivers into its Channel and a great many Lakes and Ponds its course is from the West to the East Popes by birth French-men and some passages of their Lives SYlvester the Second Vrban the Second Calixtus the Second Vrban the Fourth Clement the Fourth Innocent the Fifth Martin the Fourth Clement the Fifth John the Twenty second Benedict the Eleventh Clement the Sixth Innocent the Sixth Vrban the Fifth Gregory the Eleventh Sylvester the second of the name called before Gilbert or Gerbert born in Aquitain was a Religious man and Benedictine of St. Gerard of Aurillac in the Diocess of St. Flour and Tutor to Robert King of France and to the Emperour Otho the Third who raised him to the soveraign Pontificate He was first Archbishop of Rheims and then of Ravenna and lastly Pope which gave occasion for this Verse to be made on him Scandit ab R. Gerbertus in R. post Papa Regens est He was a great Mathematician which caused his Enemies to accuse him of Magick He was falsely charg'd for having in his Closet a Head of Brass by which the Devil answered what he askt He died the 12th day of May 1003. Pope Sergius his Successour writ his Epitaph which is yet to be seen and shews that he lived and died a holy man. Vrban the second of the name was born at Chastillon on Marne Son of Milon He was called before his Exaltation Cardinal Otho Bishop of Ostia He excommunicated the Diocess of Compostella for
The principal small Rivers are THe Charente the Somme the Saonne Alliers the Tarn the Lot the Dordogne The Somme is famous in Picardy it begins by a Saint and ends by another which are S. Quentin and S. Valery Hau Peronne Amiens and Abbeville are water'd with it The Charente passes through Angoumois and Xaintonge waters the Towns of Angoulesm and and Xaintes The Saône coasts along Burgundy passes at Châlon and Mascon and goes to Lyons It s source is near Lorrain Its Waters are stagnating and dull The Poets have call'd it the Tardy the Slow the Sluggish Bouche Larroux and others are of Burgondy Allier waters Bourbonnois and goes to Moulins The Tar crosses Rovergne and Albigeois passes at Millain Albi and at Montaubon The Aveiron renders its Waters at Rhodes the Agout at Castres Puilaurens and Lavoir the Lot at Cahors divides Quercy and Agenois The Dordogne waters Limosin and Perigord its source is at the foot of Mount Or in Auvergne it passes at Bretenoux Sarlac Bergerac Sainte Foy and at Libourne It 's the fullest of Fish of any in the Kingdom and particularly fertile in Salmons The Gave and the Gave water Bearn The Vilaine and others Britany Aremorick Vien and Tarion Limosin The Dour in Gascogne passes at Tarbes Aire Dax and at Bayonne the Bidouze enters into the Dour The Vienne the Chein and the Vouzelle are in Poictou The Auron the Cher and the Indre in Berry The Orbe the Brille and Drome in Normandy The Sarthe the Huine and others in le Maine The Loir the Dive and others in Anjou The Eure in Beausse The Doux which was once bitter in Franche Comté The Marne and the Vesle in Champagne The Isaire and the Drac in Daulphine The Izaire rises in Savoy passes at Grenoble enters with the Drac into the Rhône near Valence and not at Vienne as an Author has written If he never was at Valence he ought to have had a good Geographical Map which would have kept him from committing this oversight To the Izaire has been given the name of Serpent because it torns and wrests very much It 's by way of allusion that it 's said Draco Serpens evertunt Gratianopolin Those are two scurvy Rivers very rapid Some years since the Serpent overthrew the Stone-bridge of Grenoble which has since been rebuilt The Durance and the Varthe are in Provence the first waters Sisteron and Cavaillon it 's very rapid and apt to do mischief being of the nature of certain persons full of gall and bitterness Fish cannot live in it The Varthe is pronounc'd the Val. The Ardeche and the Cetze water Vivarez The Aude and the Eraut are in Languedock the first passes at Aleth and at Carassome An arm of this River waters Narbonne by a great Channel which divides it into two parts The Eraut breeds a great number of Trouts descends from Sevenes joyns it self to the River Are passes at Ganges at la Roque at S. Basil and goes to Agde One of the Barons de la Roque has preserv'd the Catholick Religion in his place of residency which is very strongly seated and which has been the Sanctuary of the Catholicks of the Country in the times of the Wars of Religion It is known by tradition that Beza being come thither from Ganges to preach his new Doctrine he was expelled by that Lord. The Lady of the place was seduc'd before and the Inhabitants passionately desir'd to hear him preach because it had been represented to them that he preacht nought but the pure Word of God and the Reformation of the Age and that he was an extraordinary Preacher Beza was already got into the Church de la Madelein when the Baron came from his Castle accompanied with his Domesticks and with Partisans and Halberds This River Eraut before it reaches Ganges coasts along by the Baronny of Sumene The present Baron formerly one of the Kings Counsellours in his Court of Accounts Tributes and Finances of Montpellier has a very fair Castle at Roger by le Causse against the Mountain Esperou where there are Simples of a very great vertue The Physitians of Montpellier go ordinarily there every year a simpling a man is perfumed when he passes through its Meadows all deckt with Flowers There has been found there sometime an Herb which pulls off Horses shoes and which creates hunger in persons that tread on it The ancient Castle of Roger during the Wars of Religion was a place of Refuge for the Catholicks thereabout The Pretenders to Religion laid a heavie hand on it by demolishing a part of it two several times If we nam'd in Bearn the Gave and the Gave it 's because there are two of them we may also say the Gandon and the Gandon in Sevenes and in Languedoc compos'd of many Streams and Rivers One passes at St. Jean de Gardonenque at Mialet and at Auduze The Marquisate of this Town is in the ancient House of Aire-Baudouze and has given the Church three or four Bishops the Town has also given some they are found all nam'd in the Book intituled Gallia Christiana The present Marquess commands a Regiment bearing his name The Barony of Ganges which is not far from Auduze is made a Marquisate of late years in the House of Tude Its Marquesses have had Regiments and some particular Governments The Chevalier de Ganges was chosen to command the Regiment which the Estates of Languedoc granted the King An. 1677. The other Gandon passes at Alez a pleasant Town for its fair and vast Meadow-ground We see there yet some Reliques of the most beautiful Garden which the Constable Montmorency caus'd to be made there This Gandon passes before the ancient Castle of S. Martin de la Fare The Family of this Marquess is originally of lower Languedoc the Frontier of Sevenes near Alez It 's an Illustrious and ancient House of which the late high and mighty Lord Messire Jacques de la Fare Marquess de la Fare Vicount de Montclar Baron de la Salle Lord of Bastide S. Martin Soudorgne Paupidor and other places has had many Children He married the Daughter of Comte de Lussan from which Marriage are issued nine Sons and four Daughters Of the males there are eight who long time serv'd his Majesty in his Armies and have had considerable Employs Let us make an of end our Gardons they descend from Serenes and meet under the Village Ners three or four leagues from Nismes and pass under the famous Pont du Gard to go find the impetuous Rhône Pont du Gard. FRance is oblig'd to the Romans for having built for it on two Mountains this famous Bridge which contains three the one on the other The building is of Free-stone of a surprizing breadth and length the stones are without Lime-mortar or ought else to bind them The highest Bridge was built to uphold an Aqueduct for conveying waters to Nismes for its embellishment and for a perpetual memory Some
the Citadel the twelfth Julius Caesar caus'd this great Town to be built whilst he was at Terouanne and the Emperour Charles the Fifth was born and baptiz'd there An. 1500. his Cradle is yet shewn there His Statue is seen in a Market-place on a Pedestal The Episcopal Church is call'd S. Bavon the Bishoprick is worth 30000 Crowns and the Prebendries 2 or 3000 Livres Father Boussingout relates that the Organ of the Church of Saint Michael has three thousand Pipes in a Book entituled The Guide of the Low Countries The most Christian King gave the Government of this place to Comte de Montbron It was restor'd to his Catholick Majesty by the Treaty of Peace concluded at Nimegen betwixt France and Spain In this Town a Cathedral-Church was built and detacht from Tornai An. 1559. by Pope Paul the Fourth at the request of Philip the Second King of Spain The 16th of March 1678. the King judg'd it convenient for the good of his affairs to withdraw his Troops from Messina which he had a long time kept there for the service of those of Messina who had implor'd his assistance The Duke de la Fueillade who succeeded the Duke of Vivonne permitted above four thousand Inhabitants of the Town to embarque themselves they being desirous to come into France to avoid the rigorous consequences of the Spanish Policy The third of May the Town of Ypres surrendred it self to the King it has the title of a Vicounty His Majesty gave the Government to the Marquess de la Trousse Lieutenant-General of his Armies Captain-Lieutenant of the Company of M. le Dauphin The third of May the Town and Fort of Lewe in Brabant were taken from the Spaniards by the Valour and Dexterity of the Sieurs Calvo and de la Breteche this person executed the Enterprize This place is incompass'd with a Marsh a great Trench and a Fore-trench full of water twelve foot deep The fifty Swimmers under the conduct of the Sieur de Cremeau Captain in the Regiment of Piemont did a bold action in passing courageously the waters with their Swords betwixt their teeth being assisted by two hundred Musketeers who openly advancing themselves fired continually on the Enemies to favourize the passage The 31th of the same month the Marshal Duke de Navaille took Puicerda Capital of Cerdaigne The King lessen'd six millions of Livres of the Tailles of the year 1678. and reduc'd them from forty millions to thirty four to be distributed or divided in all the Generalities and Countries Taillables His most Christian Majesty lessen'd them yet more by two millions An. 1679. The Tailles began under St. Loüis to maintain the charge of War against the Infidels in the twelfth age and the Gabelle or Impost on the Salt under Philip called the Long in the thirteenth age of the Incarnation Ancus Martius introduc'd it a long time before at Rome he has been blam'd by some and approv'd by others particularly the Emperour Justinian who assur'd that without the Gabelle it was impossible to make the Republick subsist because the Quiet of the People is preserv'd by Arms Arms by Pay Pay by Imposts Tributes and Tolls The Emperour Nero would have abolish'd the Gabelle but the Senate opposs'd it alleaging that to diminish the publick Revenue was to ruine the Empire In the month of July of the same year 1678. an ill Accident happen'd in America to the French Squadron commanded by the Count d'Estrées six or seven Men of War and five Fly-boats were lost near the Isle of Birds about ten leagues from Curassow being cast by the rapidness of the Currents on Rocks which are there high Many persons in them were drown'd Seven Vessels were sav'd viz. the Duke the Thunder the Star the Lyon the Vigilant the Merillon the Tempest three Fireships and two Flutes Of the Peace betwixt France Holland Spain the Emperour the Elector of Brandenburg and Denmark THe Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Holland was sign'd at Nimegen at the house of the Marshal d'Estrades An. 1678. the tenth of August about midnight The French and the Dutch embrac'd each other with tenderness and shew'd a great Joy to see their ancient Friendship perfectly reestablisht The Marshal d'Estrades Son of the Marshal of this name arriv'd the 15th of the same month from Nimegen at Saint Germains in Laye where he presented his most Christian Majesty the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and the States General of the Vnited Provinces The Ratifications were exchang'd the 20th of September and the 29th following the Peace was publisht at Paris with the accustomed Ceremonies The 5th of October the Marshal d Estrades Embassadour of the most Christian King and the Sieur Beverning Embassadour of the Estates General caus'd publick Rejoycings to be made at Nimegen for the Peace betwixt France and Holland In the same year the 17th of September the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Spain was sign'd at Nimegen about eleven of the clock at night in the house of the Holland-Embassadours The Ratification followed some time after as also the publication An. 1679. the 5th of Febrnary the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and the Emperour was sign'd in the Chamber of Sir Leoline Jenkins Embassadour of England by the Marshal d'Estrades and the Sieur Colbert Marquess of Croissi Embassadours Plenipotentiaries for the most Christian King and by the Bishop and Prince de Gurk Count Kinski and the Sieur Stracman Embassadours Plenipotentiaries for the Emperour Signor Bevilaqua the Popes Nuncio has the reputation of having much contributed to this Peace The Treaty of Peace betwixt the Emperour and the King of Sweden was sign'd the same day by the Plenipotentiaries of the Emperour and by Count Oxenstern and Sieur Oliwenkans Embassadours Plenipotentiaries of Sweden The 19th of April the Ratification of the Emperour was exchang'd with that of the most Christian King. The 26th this Peace was publisht at Paris with the ordinary Ceremonies The 29th of June the Sieur Pomponne Minister and Secretary of State and the Sieur Minders Envoy Extraordinary of the Elector of Brandenburg sign'd the Treaty of Peace betwixt his most Christian Majesty and the Elector of Brandenburg Some time after the Peace was likewise sign'd betwixt France Sweden Denmark and the Duke of Holstein Gottorp The Marriage of the Princess Mary-Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain ANno 1679. the second of July after the suit which the Marquess de los Balbazez made of Mademoiselle in the name for the King of Spain the Chancellor of France the Marshal Duke de Villeroy the Sieurs Colbert and de Pomponne Ministers and Secretaries of State were nominated by the King for drawing the Articles of the Contract of Marriage which was sign'd the ninth by the Commissaries nominated and the Marquess de los Balbazez Embassadour Extraordinary of Spain The 26th of August the Contract of Marriage of the King of Spain was sign'd in the King of France's Closet by all the Royal House and by