the_o corslet_n with_o the_o breastplate_n the_o cuirasse_n with_o tassets_n the_o gorget_n of_o mail_n supeter_n whole_a greaves_n tass_n gauntlet_n helmet_n with_o banner_n arm-piece_n gosset_n poldron_n all_o guard_v with_o mail_n in_o the_o void_a space_n or_o interval_n their_o horse_n be_v barded_a and_o caparison_v with_o the_o crannet_n and_o frontstall_n for_o offensive_a arm_n they_o have_v the_o sword_n by_o the_o side_n the_o tuck_n at_o one_o side_n of_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n and_o the_o battle-axe_n at_o the_o other_o a_o long_a and_o great_a lance_n in_o hand_n a_o cassock_n which_o they_o call_v the_o soldier_n coat_n which_o be_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o ensign_n and_o guidon_n of_o the_o troop_n and_o big_a than_o that_o of_o the_o light_a horse_n the_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v with_o gorget_n corslet_n with_o tassets_n below_o the_o knee_n gauntlet_n arm-piece_n great_a shoulder-piece_n headpiece_n with_o open_a viser_n and_o the_o cassock_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o standard_n and_o for_o offensive_a arm_n a_o large_a broad_a sword_n by_o the_o side_n the_o battle-axe_n at_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n and_o the_o lance_n in_o hand_n the_o estradiot_n be_v arm_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o light-horse_n and_o and_o instead_o of_o arm-piece_n and_o gauntlet_n have_v sleeve_n and_o glove_n of_o mail_n a_o broad_a sword_n by_o the_o side_n the_o battle-axe_n at_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n and_o the_o zagaye_o in_o hand_n which_o they_o call_v arzegaye_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n long_o and_o head_v with_o iron_n at_o the_o two_o end_n their_o coat_n over_o their_o arm_n be_v short_a and_o instead_o of_o a_o cornet_n they_o have_v a_o great_a banderol_n hang_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o lance._n the_o argolet_n be_v arm_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o estradiot_n except_o the_o head_n which_o they_o covercd_v with_o a_o cabasset_n or_o casket_n that_o hinder_v they_o not_o to_o take_v aim_n their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v the_o sword_n by_o the_o side_n the_o battle-axe_n at_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n and_o at_o the_o right_a a_o arquebuss_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o in_o a_o case_n of_o tan_a leather_n over_o their_o arm_n a_o short_a coat_n like_v to_o that_o of_o the_o estradiot_n and_o a_o long_a banderol_n as_o they_o have_v to_o rally_v by_o the_o cavalry_n under_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o lowis_n the_o thirteen_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o lowis_n the_o thirteen_o the_o cavalry_n be_v divide_v into_o gens-d'armes_a light-horse_n and_o carabin_n the_o gens-d'armes_a be_v arm_v with_o complete_a armour_n and_o carry_v greaves_n and_o knee-piece_n under_o or_o over_o the_o boot_n the_o cuirasse_n carabin-proof_n before_o and_o behind_o and_o instead_o of_o a_o lance_n a_o escopette_n or_o petronel_n which_o carry_v five_o hundred_o pace_n the_o holster_n pistol_n charge_v with_o a_o slug_n of_o steel_n a_o long_a and_o stiff_a tuck_n without_o a_o edge_n their_o horse_n be_v arm_v with_o the_o frontstall_n and_o petrel_n the_o light-horse_n be_v arm_v with_o complete_a armour_n a_o cuirass_n that_o be_v proof_n and_o the_o rest_n but_o slight_a they_o carry_v the_o pistol_n at_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n under_o the_o bridle-hand_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o salade_n or_o head-piece_n the_o carabin_n have_v for_o arm_n a_o cuirass_n void_v and_o cut_v in_o the_o right_a shoulder_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_a present_n and_o take_v aim_n a_o gauntlet_n reach_v the_o elbow_n for_o the_o bridle-hand_n a_o casket_n on_o head_n and_o for_o defensive_a arm_n a_o long_a sword_n a_o long_a escopett_n or_o carabin_n three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n a_o pistol_n at_o the_o pommel_n of_o the_o saddle_n and_o two_o cartouche_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o reistres_n the_o word_n carabin_n come_v from_o the_o spanish_a word_n cara_fw-it which_o signify_v the_o visage_n or_o face_n and_o the_o latin_a word_n binus_fw-la which_o signify_v double_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v man_n of_o double_a face_n because_o of_o their_o way_n of_o fight_v sometime_o fly_v and_o sometime_o face_v about_o we_o have_v change_v the_o carabin_n into_o soldier_n that_o fight_v both_o on_o foot_n and_o horse_n who_o we_o have_v call_v dragoon_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o dimachae_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a which_o name_n come_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n dimas_n that_o signify_v terror_n and_o fear_n because_o they_o carry_v dragon_n for_o their_o ensign_n finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o robert_n harford_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angel_n in_o cornhill_n near_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 1._o mare_fw-la clasum_fw-la or_o the_o right_a dominion_n and_o owner-ship_n of_o our_o british_a sea_n in_o two_o book_n by_o john_n selden_n esq_n in_o folio_n 2._o a_o new_a description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o surinam_n in_o 40._o 3._o the_o history_n of_o the_o turkish_a war_n in_o hungaria_n transilvania_n austria_n silvesia_n and_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n from_o the_o first_o invasion_n of_o annirath_n the_o second_a 1432_o to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o short_a discourse_n of_o the_o state_n and_o government_n of_o the_o say_a province_n in_o 80._o 4._o the_o sage_a senator_n or_o a_o discourse_n on_o the_o wisdom_n of_o such_o as_o be_v call_v to_o public_a employment_n for_o their_o country_n prescribe_v a_o method_n to_o discharge_v a_o public_a trust_n in_o 80._o 5._o the_o history_n of_o portugal_n describe_v the_o say_a country_n with_o the_o custom_n and_o use_v among_o they_o in_o 80._o 6._o a_o historical_a essay_n endeavour_v a_o probability_n that_o the_o language_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n be_v the_o primitive_a language_n in_o 8._o and_o also_o you_o may_v there_o have_v all_o sort_n of_o paper_n and_o paper_n book_n and_o the_o best_a ink_n for_o record_n
cap-a-pe_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o grecian_n the_o french_a retain_v the_o same_o custom_n and_o from_o that_o come_v the_o name_n of_o gens-d'arms_a that_o armour_n be_v only_o good_a to_o resist_v sword_n stone_n pike_n arrow_n and_o javelots_n or_o dart_n the_o armour_n which_o be_v make_v nowadays_o be_v proof_n against_o musket_n and_o pistol-shot_n but_o none_o but_o the_o officer_n carry_v they_o on_o the_o most_o dangerous_a occasion_n the_o headpiece_n and_o the_o fore_a part_n of_o cuirass_n be_v musket-proof_n and_o the_o other_o part_v pistol_n or_o carabine-proof_n but_o that_o such_o armour_n may_v prove_v good_a it_o be_v needful_a they_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o cold_a iron_n head_n armour_n have_v different_a name_n as_o cask_n or_o casket_n helmet_n head-piece_n burgonet_n or_o spanish_a marron_n salade_n morion_n cabasset_n pot_n hat_n and_o steel-bonnet_n of_o all_o these_o piece_n of_o armour_n some_o have_v visiere_n and_o be_v musket-proof_n other_o be_v plain_a and_o only_a proof_n against_o a_o cut_a or_o blow_n the_o cuirass_n be_v musket-proof_n and_o heavy_a than_o the_o breastplate_n the_o corslet_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o shape_n as_o the_o cuirass_n serve_v to_o defend_v the_o noble_a part_n the_o neck_n be_v defend_v by_o the_o gorget_n the_o arm_n by_o the_o vambrace_n the_o shoulder-piece_n fore-arm-piece_n gosset_n and_o gauntlet_n the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n by_o tassets_n cuissot_v or_o thigh-piece_n greves_n or_o shin-piece_n knee-piece_n and_o supeter_n or_o foot-piece_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o coat_n of_o mail._n the_o coat_n of_o mail_n by_o the_o roman_n call_v hamatus_n thorax_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o steel_n jacket_n make_v of_o little_a ring_n and_o link_n of_o mail_n interweave_v together_o wherewith_o their_o gend'arm_n defend_v themselves_o against_o arrow_n dart_n and_o sword_n the_o light_a horse_n in_o time_n of_o lovis_fw-la the_o eleven_o make_v vambrace_n and_o gauntlet_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therewith_o guard_v the_o void_a space_n betwixt_o their_o armour_n though_o these_o jacket_n be_v now_o no_o more_o in_o public_a use_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o who_o still_o carry_v they_o under_o their_o shirt_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v in_o fear_n of_o fight_a duel_n or_o of_o be_v set_v upon_o none_o at_o this_o time_n in_o france_n be_v arm_v cap-a-pe_n except_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o king_n regiment_n of_o guard_n but_o their_o armour_n be_v only_a proof_n against_o a_o cut._n sect._n 3_o of_o the_o buffcoat_n though_o to_o speak_v proper_o buff-coat_n be_v but_o a_o apparel_n of_o horseman_n yet_o we_o may_v reckon_v they_o among_o their_o defensive_a arm_n see_v they_o may_v easy_o resist_v a_o sword_n if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o a_o good_a skin_n they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_n to_o our_o horse_n that_o these_o hard_a skin_n whereof_o they_o make_v breastplate_n or_o stomacher_n be_v to_o the_o roman_a soldier_n of_o which_o varo_n make_v mention_v buffe-coat_n be_v make_v in_o form_n of_o a_o just_a au_fw-fr corpse_n or_o close_o body_v coat_n with_o four_o skirt_n reach_v down_o to_o the_o knee_n there_o be_v no_o trooper_n in_o the_o french_a army_n but_o have_v his_o buffcoat_n since_o harnass_n have_v be_v lay_v aside_o and_o from_o thence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o light-horse_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o ancient_a horse_n who_o never_o carry_v cuirass_n but_o fight_v always_o in_o light-cloath_n as_o polybus_n say_v antiquit_n we_o equites_fw-la loricas_fw-la non_fw-la habebant_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o veste_fw-la succincta_fw-la pugnabant_fw-la sect._n 4._o of_o cask_n or_o headpiece_n helmet_n gorget_n curiasse_n thigh_n piece_n or_o tasset_n vambrasse_v gantelet_n the_o general_n and_o principal_a officer_n wear_v headpiece_n guilt_n and_o set_v with_o precious_a stone_n the_o top_n whereof_o be_v adorn_v with_o feather_n and_o rich_a plumache_n which_o make_v they_o conspicuous_a among_o the_o rest_n cristaque_fw-la tegit_fw-la galea_fw-la aurea_fw-la rubra_fw-la the_o original_n of_o headpiece_n come_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o care_n be_v the_o first_o that_o beautify_v they_o with_o plumache_n sect._n 5._o of_o cuirass_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n make_v to_o themselves_o at_o first_o stomacher_n or_o breastplate_n of_o unwrought_a leather_n according_a to_o varro_n de_fw-fr corio_fw-la crudo_fw-la pectoralia_fw-la faciebant_fw-la they_o have_v they_o afterward_o of_o iron_n or_o brass_n but_o these_o half_a cuirass_n be_v only_o invent_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o turn_v their_o back_n in_o battle_n the_o general_n make_v use_v of_o corslet_n of_o gild_n leather_n which_o cover_v they_o on_o all_o side_n some_o wear_v coat_n of_o mail_n loricae_fw-la homatae_fw-la like_v to_o the_o shirt_n which_o be_v still_o in_o use_n other_o have_v they_o of_o iron_n or_o brass_n which_o i_o can_v better_v compare_n than_o to_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n loricae_fw-la squammeae_fw-la for_o so_o isidorus_n call_v they_o squammea_n est_fw-la lorica_fw-la ex_fw-la laminis_fw-la aereis_fw-la vel_fw-la fereis_n concatenata_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la squammarum_fw-la piscis_fw-la none_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a infantrie_n but_o the_o hastarii_fw-la the_o principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la be_v arm_v with_o headpiece_n cuirass_n and_o buckler_n the_o velite_n of_o who_o some_o be_v slinger_n and_o other_o archer_n be_v only_o light_o arm_v that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o a_o buckler_n and_o helmet_n of_o leather_n pelta_fw-la parma_n a_o round_a buckler_n or_o ronache_n sheild_n sect._n 6._o of_o buckler_n and_o shield_n the_o shield_n and_o target_n which_o the_o ancient_n carry_v on_o the_o left_a arm_n to_o defend_v and_o parie_a blow_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o samnite_n who_o invent_v they_o be_v convex_a two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o four_o foot_n long_o some_o with_o angle_n and_o other_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n but_o be_v all_o make_v of_o willow_n or_o figtree_n strengthen_v with_o the_o nerve_n and_o sinew_n of_o a_o ox_n on_o which_o be_v streatched_a linen_n cloth_n and_o that_o afterward_o cover_v with_o a_o bullock_n or_o calf_n hide_n the_o top_n middle_a and_o low_a part_n be_v guard_v with_o plate_n of_o iron_n to_o resist_v the_o cut_n of_o shable_n stone_n and_o shaft_n that_o be_v dart_v or_o shoot_v with_o violence_n ovid_n in_o his_o metamorphosis_n tell_v we_o that_o general_n ajax_n have_v a_o buckler_n cover_v with_o seven_o skin_n clipei_fw-la dominus_fw-la septemplicis_fw-la ajax_n the_o grecian_a pike_n cover_v themselves_o with_o rondache_n or_o round_a buckler_n of_o brass_n and_o the_o bowman_n have_v only_a buckler_n make_v of_o osier_n the_o moor_n make_v use_n of_o shield_n of_o the_o height_n of_o their_o body_n which_o they_o embellish_v with_o warious_a paint_n the_o buckler_n which_o the_o ancient_n call_v clipei_fw-la differ_v only_o from_o the_o shield_n in_o that_o they_o be_v complete_o round_a and_o therefore_o the_o french_a have_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o rondach_n the_o spaniard_n and_o african_n wear_v buckler_n of_o thong_n of_o leather_n interweave_v together_o which_o they_o call_v caetrae_n as_o lucan_n report_v illic_fw-la pugnaces_fw-la commovit_fw-la iberia_n caetras_fw-la the_o amazonian_n make_v use_v of_o a_o buckler_n in_o form_n of_o a_o crescent_n which_o they_o call_v pelta_fw-la ducit_fw-la amazonidum_fw-la lunatis_fw-la agmina_fw-la peltis_fw-la virgil._n in_o the_o reign_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o roman_n use_v little_a narrow_a and_o long_a shield_n which_o they_o name_v ancylia_n heretofore_o such_o as_o begin_v the_o profession_n of_o war_n carry_v only_o parmis_fw-la or_o little_a white_a buckler_n without_o any_o embellishment_n until_o that_o by_o some_o brave_a action_n they_o have_v signalise_v themselves_o then_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o use_v great_a and_o to_o adorn_v they_o with_o the_o mark_n of_o their_o glorious_a exploit_n from_o thence_o we_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o arm_n which_o we_o common_o call_v scutcheon_n or_o shield_n a_o scuto_fw-la because_o they_o be_v in_o reality_n the_o shield_n or_o buckler_n of_o gentleman_n whereon_o they_o usual_o carry_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o brave_a deed_n of_o their_o illustrious_a progenitour_n the_o whole_a armature_n of_o a_o roman_a soldier_n weigh_v no_o more_o than_o a_o talon_n the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o second_o book_n of_o powder_n and_o artificial_a fire_n chap._n 1._o of_o powder_n we_o have_v have_v the_o invention_n of_o gunpowder_n from_o china_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o communication_n that_o a_o monk_n name_v bertoldus_n have_v with_o the_o tartar_n in_o his_o travel_n in_o moscovy_n about_o the_o year_n 1380._o and_o therefore_o the_o portugese_n be_v never_o so_o much_o surprise_v as_o when_o upon_o their_o accost_v these_o unknown_a country_n they_o see_v a_o great_a many_o ship_n equip_v and_o rank_v in_o bataillia_n adorn_v with_o streamer_n pennon_n and_o rope_n of_o several_a colour_n of_o silk_n but_o their_o surprise_n augment_v when_o
foot_n into_o ground_n long_o settle_v and_o well_o fasten_v two_o or_o three_o and_o twenty_o foot_n into_o sand_n or_o loose_a ground_n and_o a_o canon_n fire_v to_o purpose_n against_o a_o groundwork_n within_o the_o distance_n that_o i_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o will_v ruin_v more_o than_o can_v be_v repair_v with_o fifty_o basket_n full_a of_o earth_n the_o force_n of_o a_o canon_n shoot_v from_o low_a to_o high_a or_o from_o high_a to_o low_a or_o on_o a_o level_n be_v equal_a as_o to_o the_o canon_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n which_o receive_v the_o shot_n that_o which_o be_v fire_v from_o a_o low_a ground_n to_o a_o high_a shake_v and_o overturn_v more_o sect._n 8._o the_o way_n of_o nailing_n up_o a_o canon_n besiege_a make_v sometime_o salley_n out_o to_o nail_v up_o the_o canon_n and_o attempt_v the_o battery_n and_o whilst_o some_o throw_v down_o the_o parapet_n other_o break_v or_o burn_v the_o carriage_n some_o drive_v in_o a_o nail_n of_o steel_n which_o be_v hack_v and_o notch_v and_o break_v it_o in_o the_o touch-hole_n of_o the_o piece_n which_o afterward_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o be_v cast_v again_o chap._n iu._n of_o mortar-piece_n arquebuss_n a_o crock_n bombe_n bullet_n the_o carcase_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 1_o of_o stone_n gun_n stone_n gun_n be_v for_o most_o part_n of_o iron_n much_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o mortar-piece_n that_o shoot_v bombe_n they_o carry_v not_o far_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o use_v but_o in_o fortify_v place_n to_o incommode_v the_o besieger_n when_o they_o make_v their_o approach_n the_o powder_n for_o the_o charge_n be_v regulate_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o stone_n and_o piece_n of_o iron_n that_o be_v put_v into_o they_o and_o they_o be_v common_o fill_v up_o to_o the_o mouth_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o arquebuss_n a_o crock_n the_o arquebuss_n a_o crock_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n in_o form_n of_o a_o great_a musket_n it_o may_v be_v fire_v three_o hundred_o time_n a_o day_n which_o come_v to_o five_o and_o twenty_o shot_n a_o hour_n the_o bullet_n of_o it_o weigh_v three_o ounce_n and_o the_o charge_n of_o powder_n a_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a sect._n 3_o of_o mortar_n piece_n mortar-piece_n be_v of_o iron_n or_o of_o cast_n metal_n and_o serve_v to_o shoot_v bombe_n they_o be_v not_o so_o long_o as_o stone-gun_n and_o their_o boar_n be_v wide_a or_o narrow_a according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o bombe_n which_o they_o be_v to_o contain_v their_o carriage_n have_v no_o wheel_n and_o be_v quite_o otherways_o shape_v than_o those_o of_o a_o canon_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n sect._n 4._o of_o bombe_n bombe_n be_v of_o a_o late_a invention_n and_o be_v never_o use_v in_o france_n before_o the_o year_n 1635_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o dole_n they_o be_v make_v all_o of_o iron_n and_o be_v hollow_a with_o two_o handle_n to_o carry_v they_o by_o but_o they_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o size_n nor_o of_o the_o same_o shape_n some_o be_v round_a and_o other_o long_a the_o first_o be_v call_v bombe_n and_o the_o other_o fire-pot_n they_o be_v fill_v with_o firework_n and_o powder_n and_o then_o be_v stop_v with_o a_o bung_n or_o stopple_v well_o close_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v leave_v a_o hole_n to_o apply_v the_o fuse_n to_o when_o bombe_n be_v to_o be_v shoot_v a_o convenient_a ground_n be_v choose_v not_o too_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o place_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v gall_v and_o there_o a_o platform_n be_v erect_v which_o be_v provide_v with_o plank_n of_o timber_n on_o which_o the_o mortar-piece_n be_v plant_v before_o a_o bombe_n be_v put_v into_o the_o mortar-piece_n there_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o a_o charge_n of_o powder_n proportion_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bombe_n which_o be_v lay_v above_o the_o bunghole_n aloft_o so_o soon_o as_o the_o mortar-piece_n be_v charge_v the_o artist_n take_v his_o height_n and_o measure_n that_o the_o bombe_n may_v direct_o fall_v into_o the_o place_n that_o he_o intend_v that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o give_v less_o or_o more_o elevation_n to_o his_o mortar-piece_n according_a as_o he_o be_v near_o or_o distant_a from_o the_o place_n and_o stop_v it_o either_o with_o a_o coin_n or_o with_o a_o iron_n pin_n which_o he_o thrust_v cross_v the_o carriage_n that_o be_v do_v he_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o fuse_n of_o the_o bombe_n and_o then_o to_o the_o powder_n of_o the_o mortar-piece_n which_o force_v out_o the_o bombe_n and_o carry_v it_o up_o in_o the_o air_n when_o it_o be_v come_v to_o its_o full_a reach_n it_o fall_v and_o break_v in_o a_o thousand_o piece_n the_o shiver_n and_o piece_n of_o it_o break_v and_o bruise_v every_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o and_o the_o firework_n that_o be_v within_o it_o set_v fire_n in_o all_o place_n where_o it_o chance_v to_o fall_v nothing_o give_v great_a terror_n to_o the_o towns-people_n of_o a_o besiege_a town_n than_o bombe_n and_o the_o ravage_v that_o there_o they_o do_v be_v so_o extraordinary_a and_o so_o gall_v man_n woman_n and_o child_n that_o they_o know_v not_o where_o to_o be_v in_o safety_n sect._n 5._o of_o the_o carcase_n the_o carcase_n be_v a_o warlike_a engine_n of_o very_a late_a invention_n or_o rather_o it_o be_v a_o late_a imitation_n of_o these_o burn_a barrel_n that_o keep_v fire_n under_o water_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v before_o in_o the_o book_n of_o powder_n and_o chapter_n of_o artificial_a fire_n or_o firework_n and_o which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o figure_n because_o it_o be_v make_v of_o two_o hoop_n of_o iron_n two_o inch_n broad_a and_o two_o lignes_fw-la thick_a cross_v oval_a way_n and_o be_v fill_v with_o a_o bag_n of_o pitch_a canvas_n stuff_v with_o granade_n and_o end_n of_o musket_n barrel_n charge_v with_o small_a iron_n shoot_v carcase_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o mortar-piece_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o bombe_n and_o the_o fire_n they_o make_v last_v above_o half_a a_o hour_n no_o body_n dare_v to_o put_v it_o out_o sect._n 6._o of_o the_o granadoe_n there_o be_v granade_n of_o all_o size_n but_o those_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o granadier_n be_v all_o almost_o alike_o and_o be_v common_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o two_o lignes_fw-la in_o diameter_n they_o be_v charge_v with_o powder_n within_o a_o finger_n of_o the_o hole_n the_o rest_n be_v fill_v with_o hard_o press_v tow_n and_o then_o the_o hole_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o bung_n of_o wood_n make_v very_o close_o in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v leave_v a_o little_a hole_n or_o vent_n through_o which_o be_v put_v a_o fuse_n or_o wildfire_n of_o fine_a powder_n mingle_v with_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la or_o brandy_n granade_n be_v throw_v with_o the_o hand_n and_o must_v not_o be_v hold_v long_o after_o they_o be_v fire_v they_o be_v common_o use_v to_o drive_v enemy_n from_o trench_n in_o a_o cover_a way_n and_o in_o a_o lodging_n the_o granade_n break_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o train_n be_v spend_v and_o their_o shiver_n and_o piece_n wound_v all_o they_o hit_v sect._n 7._o of_o hollow_a bullet_n we_o have_v at_o present_a long_a and_o hollow_a bullet_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o powder_n and_o put_v into_o gun_n as_o the_o other_o be_v all_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o they_o work_v a_o double_a effect_n they_o perform_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o which_o plain_a bullet_n may_v do_v and_o beside_o they_o burst_v and_o break_v in_o the_o hole_n that_o they_o have_v make_v either_o in_o a_o wall_n or_o in_o a_o ground_n and_o blow_v up_o as_o much_o earth_n or_o as_o many_o stone_n as_o a_o small_a fourneau_n may_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o be_v charge_v when_o these_o bullet_n be_v fill_v with_o powder_n their_o vent_n or_o open_n be_v stop_v with_o a_o bung_n wherein_o be_v leave_v a_o passage_n for_o a_o fuse_n to_o which_o afterward_o be_v put_v a_o sulphur_n match_n by_o which_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o gun_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o train_n of_o the_o hollow_a bullet_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v force_v out_o of_o the_o piece_n sect._n 8._o of_o red_a bullet_n other_o bullet_n be_v likewise_o make_v use_n of_o which_o the_o french_a call_v red_a bullet_n because_o they_o be_v make_v red_a hot_a before_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o canon_n their_o effect_n be_v to_o burn_v what_o they_o meet_v with_o but_o that_o succeed_v not_o always_o sect._n 9_o of_o cartouche_n cartouche_n may_v be_v call_v box_n of_o white_a latin_a half_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o size_v to_o the_o boar_n of_o the_o piece_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o great_a musket_n bullet_n that_o scatter_v as_o they_o
other_o and_o fill_v they_o with_o powder_n put_v thereto_o a_o fuse_n we_o may_v reckon_v among_o our_o engine_n of_o war_n the_o hearse_n sarrasin_n or_o cataract_n and_o the_o orgue_v which_o be_v great_a piece_n of_o hang_a wood_n and_o be_v let_v fall_v down_o through_o hole_n when_o there_o be_v any_o fear_n of_o a_o surprise_n or_o of_o the_o effort_n of_o a_o petard_n turn-pike_n which_o be_v beam_n stick_v full_a of_o sharp-pointed_a pile_n which_o roll_v upon_o a_o pivot_n to_o stop_v a_o passage_n the_o crowfoot_n or_o cast_v caltrop_n be_v iron_n prick_v make_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o what_o way_n soever_o they_o be_v turn_v they_o have_v always_o the_o point_n upward_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o warlike_a engine_n of_o the_o roman_n sect._n 1_o of_o machine_n or_o engine_n in_o general_n we_o call_v all_o thing_n engine_n whereof_o the_o art_n and_o contrivance_n surpass_v the_o matter_n materiam_fw-la superabat_fw-la opus_fw-la say_v ovid._n from_o thence_o come_v the_o name_n of_o engineer_n the_o ancient_n call_v all_o thing_n that_o serve_v to_o attaque_fw-la or_o defend_v place_n warlike_a engine_n so_o do_v moses_n call_v they_o in_o the_o 20_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n the_o last_o verse_n only_o those_o tree_n which_o thou_o know_v be_v not_o for_o meat_n those_o shall_v thou_o destroy_v and_o cut_v down_o and_o make_v fort_n against_o the_o city_n that_o make_v war_n with_o thou_o until_o thou_o subdue_v it_o all_o these_o ancient_a engine_n be_v only_o make_v of_o wood_n piece_v together_o and_o make_v fast_o with_o iron_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o turret_n and_o corner_n of_o the_o wall_n to_o throw_v dart_n and_o stone_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n other_o there_o be_v only_o for_o beat_v down_o of_o wall_n and_o other_o for_o mount_v a_o assault_n and_o for_o a_o scalado_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o tortoise_n or_o testudo_fw-la the_o tortoise_n of_o the_o ancient_n gaul_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v and_o call_v testudo_fw-la be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o crowd_v together_o of_o many_o soldier_n who_o cover_v themselves_o on_o the_o head_n and_o sides_n with_o a_o great_a many_o buckler_n the_o former_a rank_n carry_v they_o high_o than_o the_o follow_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o tile_n of_o a_o house_n that_o so_o whatever_o may_v be_v throw_v upon_o they_o from_o the_o wall_n may_v not_o stick_v but_o more_o easy_o slide_v to_o the_o ground_n homer_n speak_v of_o these_o tortoise_n in_o this_o manner_n scutum_fw-la scuto_fw-la haeret_fw-la galeae_fw-la galea_fw-la atque_fw-la vir_fw-la viro_fw-la they_o make_v use_v of_o that_o invention_n for_o scale_v of_o wall_n by_o mount_v one_o upon_o another_o as_o titus_n liviusdescribe_v it_o testudine_fw-la parti_fw-la muri_fw-la ad_fw-la mota_fw-la cum_fw-la armati_fw-la spuerstantes_fw-la subissent_fw-la propugnatoribus_fw-la muri_fw-la fastigio_fw-la altitudinis_fw-la aequabantur_fw-la tacitus_n call_v that_o engine_n a_o reiterated_a tortoise_n super_fw-la iteratum_fw-la testudinem_fw-la scandentes_fw-la they_o not_o only_o make_v use_n of_o these_o tortoise_n in_o attacking_z of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o battle_n break_v through_o the_o legion_n of_o the_o enemy_n all_o these_o tortoise_n be_v not_o in_o this_o manner_n compose_v of_o man_n and_o buckler_n they_o have_v beside_o certain_a shed_v of_o wood_n twenty_o five_o foot_n square_a and_o cover_v with_o a_o shelve_v roof_n which_o they_o call_v tortoise_n whereof_o some_o serve_v to_o cover_v the_o lodging_n other_o to_o shelter_v the_o workman_n against_o stone_n and_o arrow_n from_o the_o town_n and_o other_o to_o hang_v the_o battering-ram_n and_o cover_v those_o who_o be_v to_o swing_n it_o these_o be_v call_v testudines_fw-la arictariae_fw-la sect._n 3_o of_o ladder_n the_o roman_n have_v ladder_n of_o all_o fashion_n which_o be_v always_o two_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o wall_n they_o intend_v to_o scale_v some_o fold_a and_o can_v with_o little_a inconvenience_n be_v carry_v any_o whither_o these_o be_v call_v scalae_fw-la compactiles_fw-la other_o be_v call_v reticulatae_fw-la aut_fw-la stupeae_fw-la because_o they_o be_v make_v with_o cord_n provide_v at_o the_o end_n with_o strong_a hook_n to_o fasten_v they_o with_o to_o the_o wall_n they_o have_v other_o that_o open_v and_o shut_v in_o manner_n of_o zizack_n and_o other_o at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o little_a watch-house_n whereinto_o they_o put_v some_o body_n to_o spy_v what_o be_v do_v on_o the_o rampart_n they_o have_v beside_o another_o kind_n of_o ladder_n which_o they_o term_v roll_v ladder_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v bridge_n and_o other_o which_o they_o call_v sambucae_n which_o be_v carry_v in_o boat_n to_o scale_v wall_n that_o be_v encompass_v with_o water_n sect._n 4._o of_o bulwark_n when_o the_o roman_n intend_v to_o attaque_fw-la a_o place_n they_o cause_v bulwark_n to_o be_v raise_v round_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v in_o height_n twenty_o four_o foot_n and_o in_o breadth_n three_o hundred_o upon_o which_o they_o build_v tower_n of_o wood_n arm_v with_o iron_n on_o all_o side_n which_o command_v the_o rampart_n and_o from_o which_o the_o besieger_n throw_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o the_o town_n stone_n dart_n artificial_a fire_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o facilitate_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o batter_a ram_n and_o other_o engine_n for_o take_v of_o place_n sect._n 5._o of_o tower_n the_o tower_n which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o attacking_z of_o place_n go_v on_o wheel_n be_v very_o high_a and_o on_o all_o side_n cover_v with_o plate_n of_o iron_n which_o render_v they_o more_o weighty_a more_o difficult_a to_o be_v overthrow_v and_o less_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o danger_n of_o fire_n these_o tower_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o diades_n a_o soldier_n under_o alexander_n the_o great_a they_o have_v also_o other_o tower_n which_o carry_v bridge_n and_o batter_a ram_n caesar_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v before_o marseillis_n tower_n of_o mason_n work_v five_o foot_n thick_a and_o near_o the_o tower_n of_o the_o enemy_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v incommode_v they_o he_o cause_v movable_a roof_n to_o be_v make_v for_o they_o from_o which_o hang_v skreens_fw-mi make_v of_o cable_n or_o other_o ship-rope_n behind_o which_o the_o workman_n may_v under_o covert_a labour_n in_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o tower_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o batter_a ram._n the_o original_n of_o batter_a ram_n which_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la call_v exterminatorium_fw-la justrumentum_fw-la be_v very_o ancient_a some_o attribute_n the_o invention_n of_o they_o to_o the_o greek_n and_o other_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n however_o it_o be_v they_o perform_v in_o those_o day_n what_o our_o canon_n and_o mine_n do_v at_o present_a see_v the_o only_a use_n they_o be_v put_v to_o be_v to_o beat_v down_o the_o wall_n of_o town_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o take_v the_o batter_a ram_n be_v make_v of_o a_o large_a tree_n like_v to_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n which_o be_v in_o length_n six_o and_o twenty_o cubit_n and_o five_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n and_o within_o six_o cubit_n of_o the_o head_n be_v guard_v with_o iron_n ring_n the_o head_n be_v of_o a_o knotty_a wood_n cover_v with_o iron_n and_o represent_v the_o head_n of_o a_o ram_n with_o horn_n and_o therefore_o the_o name_n of_o batter_a ram_n be_v give_v to_o that_o engine_n the_o batter_a ram_n hang_v betwixt_o great_a beam_n of_o wood_n by_o massive_a iron_n chain_n and_o require_v a_o hundred_o man_n to_o swing_n and_o push_v it_o violent_o against_o the_o wall_n repulsus_fw-la magna_fw-la virorum_fw-la manu_fw-la say_v flavius_n the_o shape_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n sect._n 7._o of_o counter-engine_n to_o hinder_v assault_n and_o storm_n the_o besiege_a make_v use_v of_o huge_a stone_n wheel_n wagon_n with_o four_o wheel_n fill_v with_o weighty_a matter_n column_n cylinder_n millstone_n tun_n and_o artificial_a fire_n which_o they_o throw_v upon_o the_o besieger_n and_o their_o engine_n with_o purpose_n to_o break_v they_o or_o to_o reduce_v they_o to_o ash_n they_o hinder_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o batter_a ram_n by_o oppose_v to_o they_o pack_n of_o wool_n or_o by_o catch_v hold_n of_o they_o with_o snare_n or_o iron_n engine_n make_v in_o form_n of_o pincers_n which_o they_o call_v woolve_n mean_v that_o such_o woolve_n can_v catch_v the_o ram_n because_o with_o these_o engine_n they_o draw_v the_o batter_a ram_n up_o or_o break_v they_o in_o the_o middle_n the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n the_o four_o book_n of_o ensign_n trumpet_n and_o other_z instrument_n of_o war_n it_o may_v perhaps_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o have_v comprehend_v in_o one_o and_o thâ—_n same_o book_n and_o under_o one_o sole_a title_n ensing_n trumpet_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n consider_v the_o small_a analogy_n they_o have_v to_o