by_o reason_n of_o its_o antiquity_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o neither_o the_o portuguese_n nor_o castillian_n have_v in_o all_o their_o voyage_n make_v a_o more_o considerable_a discovery_n the_o annal_n of_o the_o chaldean_n and_o egyptian_n may_v perhaps_o have_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o those_o of_o china_n and_o perhaps_o those_o of_o the_o tyrian_n also_o and_o some_o other_o oriental_a nation_n of_o which_o josephus_n make_v mention_v but_o they_o be_v lose_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o as_o well_o as_o the_o history_n of_o berosus_n the_o chaldean_a and_o manathon_n the_o egyptian_a of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o more_o than_o only_a some_o few_o fragment_n of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v leave_v we_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n before_o herodotus_n for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o father_n of_o historian_n who_o nevertheless_o do_v not_o write_v till_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ._n and_o if_o we_o go_v back_o to_o the_o original_a of_o the_o olympiad_n they_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o about_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o year_n before_o christ._n but_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o cronology_n begin_v two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o four_o score_n and_o seventeen_o year_n before_o christ_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi and_o two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o those_o that_o stick_v to_o the_o second_o opinion_n and_o acknowledge_v foyes_n high_a for_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o three_o opinion_n which_o make_v yao_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n their_o chronology_n will_v begin_v two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o year_n before_o christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fifteen_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n before_o the_o first_o olympiad_n and_o indeed_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o man_n shall_v refuse_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o chronology_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v well_o pursue_v and_o well_o circumstance_v that_o it_o be_v less_o fabulous_a than_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a history_n and_o for_o that_o there_o be_v set_v down_o therein_o several_a eclipse_n and_o other_o astronomical_a observation_n which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a astronomer_n in_o these_o latter_a age_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o manuscript_n write_v upon_o this_o subject_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chinese_n history_n have_v be_v write_v by_o author_n that_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o for_o example_n the_o act_n of_o king_n yao_n be_v write_v by_o the_o secretary_n of_o xun_n his_o successor_n the_o history_n of_o xun_n and_o his_o successor_n thou_o be_v compile_v by_o author_n then_o live_v and_o be_v contain_v together_o with_o that_o of_o king_n yao_n in_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a book_n among_o the_o chinese_n call_v xu_o kin._n it_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o which_o the_o four_o last_o contain_v one_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o imperial_a family_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v either_o of_o the_o antiquity_n or_o truth_n of_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o book_n xu_o kin_n see_v that_o confucius_n who_o live_v five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ_n so_o often_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o and_o have_v collect_v with_o great_a industry_n several_a authentic_a piece_n that_o contain_v several_a particular_n of_o the_o life_n and_o government_n of_o the_o first_o king_n another_o philosopher_n call_v lao_n kiun_n confucius_n confucius_n be_v contemporary_a as_o also_o another_o author_n more_o ancient_a than_o he_o by_o two_o hundred_o year_n who_o name_n be_v tai_n sum_o lum_n often_o quote_v these_o ancient_a history_n confucius_n also_o write_v himself_o a_o history_n of_o several_a war_n of_o china_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o forty_o and_o one_o year_n which_o he_o begin_v at_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n pim_n â—…am_n the_o thirteen_o prince_n of_o the_o three_o family_n call_v cheâ—…_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 722_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n since_o which_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o historian_n in_o every_o age_n which_o the_o chineses_n still_o preserve_v and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v compile_v general_a history_n of_o which_o there_o be_v one_o of_o several_a chinese_n volume_n in_o the_o king_n library_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o chronology_n be_v confirm_v by_o many_o circumstance_n conformable_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o history_n as_o for_o example_n the_o long_a life_n of_o their_o first_o king_n like_v to_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n thus_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o foe_n hi_o reign_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n xin_o nun_n his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi live_v a_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o year_n xao_n hao_v that_o succeed_v he_o a_o reign_v a_o hundred_o ti_fw-mi co_fw-la a_o hundred_o and_o five_o yao_n a_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o xun_v his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o thou_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o who_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o emperor_n we_o find_v also_o that_o fohi_a begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o most_o westerly_a part_n of_o all_o china_n which_o show_v that_o either_o he_o or_o his_o father_n come_v from_o the_o west_n where_o noah_n and_o his_o child_n remain_v after_o the_o deluge_n that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v but_o of_o a_o narrow_a extent_n and_o the_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o small_a so_o that_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v rather_o the_o potent_a father_n of_o a_o family_n like_o abraham_n than_o a_o king_n or_o a_o emperor_n that_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n live_v upon_o herb_n and_o wild_a fruit_n drink_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n and_o clothe_v themselves_o with_o their_o skin_n that_o his_o successor_n xin_a nun_n avent_v the_o art_n of_o tillage_n and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a circumstance_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o passage_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o martini_n in_o the_o chronology_n and_o preface_n of_o f._n couplet_n print_v at_o paris_n with_o thou_fw-mi work_n of_o confucius_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o our_o author_n chief_o in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o this_o chronology_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n of_o the_o bible_n but_o beside_o that_o god_n have_v not_o vouchsafe_v we_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o make_v we_o learned_a but_o virtuous_a and_o so_o there_o may_v have_v happen_v some_o omission_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o date_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o question_n about_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o deludge_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v that_o their_o chronology_n agree_v with_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n which_o be_v authentic_a and_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o the_o vulgar_a but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o place_n to_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o subject_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o may_v consult_v the_o book_n which_o father_n pezeron_n a_o barnardine_n have_v new_o print_v upon_o this_o subject_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o father_n have_v by_o agreement_n juggle_v up_o this_o chronology_n for_o we_o find_v they_o have_v speak_v truth_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o relation_n that_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o correct_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v mistake_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o our_o author_n in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o jacobin_n augustinian_n and_o franciscan_n who_o have_v have_v several_a quarrel_n with_o the_o jesuit_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o mission_n agree_v with_o they_o in_o this_o particular_a and_o never_o accuse_v they_o to_o have_v err_v in_o their_o chronology_n and_o last_o that_o the_o hollander_n who_o have_v send_v several_a embassy_n into_o china_n and_o who_o have_v several_a thousand_o of_o chinese_n at_o batavia_n never_o reprove_v the_o jesuit_n for_o any_o mistake_n upon_o this_o occasion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o put_v a_o great_a value_n upon_o martini_n work_n which_o be_v print_v in_o holland_n as_o also_o china_n illustrate_v by_o f._n kirker_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o letter_n and_o language_n of_o china_n although_o the_o egyptian_n vaunt_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o make_v use_n of_o letter_n and_o
to_o suffer_v whatever_o thy_o divine_a justice_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v he_o have_v scarce_o conclude_v this_o prayer_n before_o the_o sky_n be_v all_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o pour_v down_o rain_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v to_o water_n â—…ll_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o pristine_a fertility_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o chineses_n make_v any_o scruple_n about_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n we_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o by_o this_o example_n tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n cover_v himself_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o lamb_n and_o offer_v himself_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o thereby_o do_v nothing_o lessen_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o dignity_n so_o likewise_o though_o god_n be_v please_v to_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o homely_a cover_v of_o our_o humanity_n and_o be_v offer_v up_o as_o a_o lamb_n in_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v no_o way_n lessen_v but_o rather_o exalt_v his_o almighty_a power_n his_o infinite_a mercy_n and_o goodness_n and_o have_v thereby_o make_v it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o clear_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v infinite_o above_o this_o king_n who_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n and_o a_o mere_a creature_n the_o chineses_n present_o submit_v to_o this_o argument_n as_o well_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o be_v rational_a and_o convince_v as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v to_o hear_v that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o their_o history_n and_o example_n to_o prove_v the_o verity_n of_o our_o religion_n this_o emperor_n have_v for_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n a_o holy_a and_o famous_a learned_a person_n who_o live_v several_a year_n hide_v up_o in_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o wild_a beast_n because_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o tyrant_n kie_fw-mi the_o offspring_n also_o of_o this_o emperor_n chim_z tamburlaine_n reign_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o rule_n of_o king_n cheu_n who_o be_v no_o less_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a then_o kie_fw-mi so_o that_o when_o the_o chineses_n call_v a_o prince_n a_o kie_fw-mi or_o a_o cheu_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o when_o we_o call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o nero_n or_o a_o diocâ—…esian_n the_o five_o emperor_n call_v vù_n uâm_n be_v the_o son_n of_o venus_n uâm_n king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o châ—…un_n which_o be_v now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la who_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o wickedness_n and_o tyranny_n of_o king_n cheu_n set_v upon_o he_o vanquish_v he_o in_o battle_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n have_v a_o brother_n high_o esteem_v for_o his_o prudence_n and_o other_o virtue_n who_o he_o make_v king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xamn_n tumm_n and_o of_o who_o he_o make_v choice_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o elder_a son._n he_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o above_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o year_n ago_o first_o â—…ound_v out_o the_o use_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o compass_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o embassy_n and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o tribute_n from_o a_o country_n call_v tum_o xim_o and_o cochin_n china_n or_o kiao_n chi_fw-mi que_fw-fr and_o all_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o his_o protector_n the_o same_o governor_n present_v the_o ambassador_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o compass_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o which_o they_o may_v return_v the_o near_a way_n home_o without_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o toil_n and_o hardship_n of_o of_o those_o â—…ound_n about_o wind_n and_o wander_n through_o which_o they_o have_v labour_v in_o come_v to_o court._n so_o that_o this_o prince_n be_v one_o of_o the_o hero_n and_o saint_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o his_o memory_n now_o when_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n return_v in_o triumph_n from_o the_o battle_n wherein_o the_o tyrant_n cheu_n have_v be_v defeat_v his_o two_o brother_n pe_fw-la y_fw-fr and_o xeo_fw-la cî_fw-la famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n and_o nobility_n meet_v he_o upon_o his_o march_n and_o after_o they_o hâ—…d_v stop_v he_o by_o take_v his_o horse_n by_o the_o bridle_n they_o bold_o and_o in_o very_o sharp_a and_o severe_a language_n reprove_v he_o for_o have_v seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n and_o force_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v himself_o in_o his_o palace_n together_o with_o all_o his_o treasure_n that_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v so_o vicious_a and_o so_o cruel_a yet_o he_o be_v both_o his_o lord_n and_o prince_n ordain_v by_o heaven_n that_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o amendment_n like_o a_o good_a subject_n not_o like_o a_o traitor_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o last_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o surrender_v the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v push_v forward_o by_o any_o motive_n of_o ambition_n but_o only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o deliver_v the_o title_n from_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n but_o when_o the_o two_o brother_n sound_v that_o he_o will_v not_o follow_v their_o counsel_n they_o retire_v to_o a_o desert_n mountain_n protest_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o die_v in_o that_o manner_n then_o eat_v of_o the_o product_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o vù_n uâm_n have_v â—…usurped_v for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v think_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o approve_v his_o treason_n and_o revolt_n the_o history_n of_o these_o five_o king_n which_o the_o chineses_n look_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o saint_n especial_o the_o four_o first_o and_o their_o offspring_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o book_n which_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n among_o these_o infidel_n as_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n among_o we_o christian_n the_o style_n of_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a but_o very_o exact_a and_o elegant_a vice_n be_v there_o blame_v and_o virtue_n applaud_v and_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n relate_v with_o a_o entire_a sincerity_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o more_o curious_a reader_n may_v see_v the_o energy_n and_o briefness_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o use_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o five_o word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n already_o mention_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o king_n yáo_o kin_n mîm_n vén_n su_n gamn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n yao_n be_v great_a and_o venerable_a he_o be_v most_o perspicacious_a and_o prudent_a he_o be_v very_o compose_v modest_a and_o courteous_a he_o appear_v always_o pensive_a and_o studious_a search_v continual_o after_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o govern_v his_o people_n and_o empire_n and_o therefore_o he_o live_v all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o comfort_n quiet_n and_o repose_v the_o second_o book_n be_v call_v li_n ki_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n this_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uà m_fw-la of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o he_o be_v call_v chéu_n cumm_n and_o be_v equal_o venerable_a as_o well_o for_o his_o virtue_n as_o for_o his_o prudence_n learning_n and_o good_a conduct_n this_o volume_n contain_v the_o work_n of_o several_a other_o author_n also_o the_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o other_o interpreter_n more_o modern_a and_o more_o suspect_v which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o circumspection_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o be_v account_v fabulous_a the_o three_o volume_n be_v call_v xi_o kimm_n contain_v verse_n romance_n and_o poem_n all_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v ya_fw-mi sum_n or_o panegyric_n and_o encomium_n sing_v in_o honour_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o endowment_n there_o be_v also_o several_a gnomonics_n or_o verse_n contain_v precept_n which_o be_v sing_v at_o their_o funeral_n their_o sacrifice_n the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o chineses_n perform_v in_o honour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o at_o their_o most_o solemn_a festival_n the_o second_o be_v call_v queen_n fumm_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v romance_n or_o poem_n choose_v out_o among_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o private_a person_n they_o be_v never_o sing_v but_o
speak_v but_o occasional_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n father_n semedo_n indeed_o apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o relation_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v very_o fortunate_a father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n and_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o first_o decad_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n and_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n have_v publish_v almost_o a_o complete_a succession_n of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o same_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n have_v make_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o it_o so_o complete_a and_o full_a that_o there_o hardly_o remain_v any_o thing_n more_o for_o we_o to_o desire_v and_o last_o the_o annual_a letter_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o i_o have_v cite_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o mission_n which_o they_o undertake_v inform_v we_o of_o several_a notable_a and_o curious_a particular_n 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be_v once_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o macao_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n so_o long_a and_o constant_a a_o residence_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o book_n his_o conversation_n with_o person_n the_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o palace_n the_o choice_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o particular_n of_o which_o he_o give_v a_o account_n will_v easy_o confirm_v we_o that_o he_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n so_o that_o although_o the_o description_n which_o he_o give_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n to_o china_n yet_o there_o be_v all_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o world_n to_o prefer_v the_o testimony_n of_o this_o author_n before_o that_o relation_n the_o sincerity_n also_o and_o reality_n of_o father_n magaillans_n 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question_n concern_v china_n but_o chief_o concern_v pe_n kim_n the_o emperor_n court_n and_o the_o government_n and_o policy_n of_o that_o great_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o father_n give_v his_o eminency_n all_o the_o satisfaction_n he_o can_v desire_v so_o far_o as_o he_o know_v but_o in_o regard_n he_o have_v never_o be_v but_o once_o at_o pe_n kim_n when_o he_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a persecution_n he_o answer_v the_o cardinal_n with_o his_o usual_a sincerity_n that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o well_o inform_v as_o to_o those_o other_o particular_a question_n which_o his_o eminency_n put_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n a_o portugese_n manuscript_n write_v by_o f._n gabriel_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n where_o he_o will_v find_v the_o plenary_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n present_v the_o manuscript_n to_o his_o eminency_n who_o have_v read_v it_o over_o with_o great_a delight_n give_v it_o into_o my_o hand_n upon_o a_o proffer_n which_o i_o make_v he_o to_o translate_v it_o however_o i_o find_v it_o a_o more_o difficult_a task_n than_o i_o imagine_v for_o though_o father_n de_fw-fr magaillan_n have_v deliver_v it_o fair_o write_v yet_o by_o a_o unfortunate_a accident_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v half_o burn_v so_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o confuse_a original_a which_o have_v be_v lucky_o preserve_v which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n write_v in_o loose_a paper_n it_o require_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n to_o place_v they_o in_o order_n and_o find_v out_o the_o connection_n the_o author_n have_v entitle_v his_o work_n the_o twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n but_o this_o title_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v too_o much_o affect_v and_o not_o answerable_a to_o the_o subject_a for_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o
only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
in_o piece_n which_o have_v be_v execute_v if_o his_o chief_a general_n who_o be_v his_o adopt_a son_n have_v not_o while_o they_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o place_n of_o torment_n by_o his_o argument_n and_o his_o intercession_n obtain_v their_o pardon_n thereupon_o the_o tyrant_n send_v away_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o have_v they_o bring_v back_o again_o into_o his_o presence_n where_o after_o he_o have_v load_v they_o with_o ill_a language_n and_o reproach_n he_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o certain_a soldier_n with_o order_n to_o guard_v they_o day_n and_o night_n in_o which_o condition_n they_o remain_v for_o a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o he_o send_v for_o they_o one_o morning_n into_o his_o presence_n they_o find_v he_o then_o very_o bloody_o employ_v in_o give_v order_n for_o the_o put_n to_o death_n a_o great_a number_n of_o person_n and_o very_o believe_v that_o their_o last_o hour_n have_v be_v at_o hand_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o god_n that_o the_o scout_n come_v in_o one_o after_o another_o bring_v intelligence_n that_o some_o of_o the_o avant_fw-fr courier_n of_o the_o tartar_n vanguard_n be_v at_o hand_n but_o the_o tyrant_n not_o give_v credit_n to_o their_o intelligence_n will_v needs_o mount_v without_o his_o arm_n and_o attend_v only_o by_o some_o of_o his_o most_o faithful_a friend_n ride_v forth_o to_o make_v a_o far_a discovery_n of_o the_o enemy_n himself_o at_o what_o time_n be_v force_v to_o a_o skirmish_n he_o be_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fight_n shoot_v through_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o arrow_n thus_o the_o father_n find_v themselves_o at_o liberty_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tyrant_n resolve_v to_o retire_v to_o their_o house_n but_o by_o the_o way_n they_o meet_v a_o troop_n of_o tartar_n that_o shoot_v several_a arrow_n at_o they_o insomuch_o that_o f._n magaillans_n be_v shoot_v quite_o through_o the_o arm_n and_o f._n buglio_n into_o the_o thigh_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o arrow_n stick_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o flesh_n so_o that_o although_o f._n magaillans_n make_v use_v of_o his_o tooth_n to_o pull_v it_o out_o he_o can_v not_o till_o look_v about_o he_o in_o that_o extremity_n he_o spy_v at_o last_o a_o pair_n of_o pincer_n lie_v in_o a_o blind_a place_n to_o which_o they_o have_v retire_v for_o shelter_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o draw_v the_o arrow_n out_o of_o the_o wound_n not_o without_o great_a loss_n of_o blood_n the_o same_o evening_n they_o be_v present_v to_o the_o prince_n who_o command_v the_o army_n who_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o be_v entertain_v they_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a civility_n and_o order_v two_o lord_n to_o take_v care_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a however_o the_o father_n undergo_v great_a hardship_n for_o above_o a_o year_n together_o that_o they_o follow_v the_o army_n till_o they_o come_v to_o pe_n kim_n more_o especial_o for_o want_v of_o victual_n of_o which_o there_o be_v great_a scarcity_n in_o the_o army_n for_o some_o time_n so_o that_o f._n magaillans_n be_v constrain_v for_o three_o month_n to_o live_v upon_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o rice_n only_o boil_v in_o fair_a water_n but_o upon_o their_o arrival_n at_o court_n the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n which_o take_v care_n of_o all_o stranger_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o royal_a hostery_n with_o a_o large_a allowance_n of_o provision_n for_o their_o entertainment_n there_o they_o reside_v two_o year_n which_o be_v expire_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v command_v to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o entertainment_n during_o all_o which_o time_n they_o employ_v themselves_o in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o baptize_v several_a person_n they_o continue_v seven_o year_n at_o court_n before_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o king._n but_o then_o the_o prince_n understanding_n who_o they_o be_v be_v extreme_o joyful_a at_o their_o preservation_n and_o give_v they_o a_o house_n a_o church_n revenue_n and_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o vestment_n thereupon_o f._n magaillans_n in_o testimony_n of_o his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o king_n for_o so_o many_o favour_n employ_v himself_o day_n and_o night_n in_o make_v several_a curious_a and_o ingenious_a piece_n of_o art_n to_o please_v he_o yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o be_v no_o less_o diligent_a in_o the_o conversion_n of_o soul_n as_o well_o by_o preach_v as_o by_o write_v he_o also_o write_v several_a relation_n and_o translate_v the_o book_n of_o st._n thomas_n aquinas_n concern_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a applause_n after_o a_o reign_n of_o eight_o year_n the_o king_n die_v and_o because_o his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o present_a emperor_n be_v very_o young_a he_o appoint_v four_o protector_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n during_o the_o son_n minority_n now_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o regency_n some_o footman_n belong_v to_o a_o christian_a mandarin_n to_o revenge_v themselves_o upon_o their_o master_n against_o who_o they_o be_v high_o incense_v false_o accuse_v f._n magaillans_n to_o have_v give_v present_v in_o favour_n of_o that_o mandarin_n who_o be_v put_v out_o of_o his_o employment_n which_o be_v a_o great_a crime_n in_o china_n thereupon_o the_o father_n be_v carry_v before_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n where_o he_o be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n two_o time_n by_o the_o squeeze_v of_o both_o his_o foot_n in_o a_o press_n which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o hideous_a pain_n yet_o the_o father_n endure_v it_o with_o a_o constant_a resolution_n nor_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o confess_v a_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o be_v not_o guilty_a nevertheless_o the_o judge_n contrary_a to_o all_o justice_n condemn_v he_o to_o be_v strangle_v and_o send_v their_o sentence_n according_a to_o custom_n to_o the_o four_o regent_n but_o they_o as_o well_o for_o that_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n as_o because_o they_o be_v satisfy_v of_o his_o innocency_n acquit_v he_o and_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o liberty_n three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o persecution_n which_o all_o the_o father_n suffer_v for_o religion_n he_o be_v apprehend_v with_o other_o and_o load_v for_o four_o whole_a month_n together_o with_o nine_o chain_n three_o about_o his_o neck_n three_o about_o his_o arm_n and_o three_o about_o his_o lgg_n he_o be_v also_o condemn_v to_o have_v forty_o lash_n and_o to_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o tartary_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v but_o a_o great_a earth_n quake_n that_o happen_v at_o that_o time_n at_o pekim_n deliver_v both_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o companion_n afterward_o for_o several_a year_n together_o he_o make_v it_o his_o business_n as_o well_o to_o perform_v the_o actual_a function_n of_o the_o mission_n as_o to_o pleasure_v the_o reign_v prince_n who_o have_v take_v possession_n of_o the_o government_n with_o his_o ingenious_a invention_n labour_v like_o a_o ordinary_a mechanic_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n may_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v and_o augment_v the_o faith_n which_o be_v the_o father_n only_a aim_n three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n the_o wound_n which_o he_o receive_v in_o his_o foot_n when_o he_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o rack_n break_v out_o again_o which_o he_o endure_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a patience_n two_o month_n before_o he_o die_v these_o pain_n be_v accompany_v with_o defluxion_n that_o stop_v his_o respiration_n so_o that_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o sleep_v sit_v up_o in_o a_o chair_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v choke_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o many_o time_n he_o never_o shut_v his_o eye_n for_o several_a night_n together_o he_o want_v for_o nothing_o during_o his_o sickness_n but_o no_o remedy_n can_v surmount_v the_o force_n of_o the_o distemper_n which_o daily_o increase_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o six_o of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1677_o between_o six_o and_o seven_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o evening_n as_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o chair_n and_o the_o distemper_n urge_v still_o with_o more_o violence_n he_o send_v for_o the_o father_n who_o give_v he_o the_o viaticum_fw-la and_o extreme_a unction_n after_o he_o have_v some_o day_n before_o make_v a_o general_a confession_n and_o so_o about_o eight_o a_o clock_n he_o placid_o surrender_v his_o soul_n to_o his_o creator_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o father_n the_o servant_n the_o neighbour_n and_o several_a christian_a mandarin_n who_o can_v not_o forbear_v weep_v at_o his_o departure_n the_o next_o day_n f._n verbiest_n now_o vice_n provincial_a of_o this_o mission_n go_v betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n to_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n the_o prince_n bid_v he_o return_v home_o whither_o he_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n will_v send_v
as_o we_o pronounce_v it_o in_o totality_n and_o totus_fw-la v_o consonant_a as_o we_o do_v u_o vowel_n as_o the_o latin_a u_o or_o the_o french_a ou_fw-fr except_o in_o these_o word_n chu_n triu_n xiu_o thou_o tiu_n niu_n siu_n etc._n etc._n x_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o portuguese_a or_o ch_n in_o french_a as_o for_o example_n xansi_fw-fr xensi_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v write_v chansi_fw-la or_o chensi_fw-la i_o take_v those_o observation_n upon_o the_o pronunciation_n from_o father_n couplet_n from_o a_o chinese_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n from_o my_o author_n and_o out_o of_o father_n greslones_n preface_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n p._n 31_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o p._n 59_o chap._n iu_o of_o the_o letter_n and_o language_n of_o china_n p._n 68_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n p._n 87_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n p._n 101_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o public_a work_n and_o building_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o grand_a canal_n p._n 113_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n p._n 121_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n p._n 128_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o china_n p._n 133_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o empire_n p._n 145_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a government_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n p._n 193_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n p._n 200_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n of_o pekim_n p._n 218_o chap._n xv._n of_o several_a tribunal_n and_o mandarin_n of_o province_n p._n 241_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o of_o his_o revenue_n p._n 250_o chap._n xvii_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n p._n 265_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o twenty_o apartment_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 281_o chap._n xix_o a_o description_n of_o twenty_o particular_a palace_n contain_v in_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 303_o chap._n xx._n of_o several_a other_o palace_n and_o some_o temple_n erect_v within_o the_o same_o enclosure_n p._n 314_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n seven_o temple_n in_o pekim_n and_o how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o upon_o the_o performance_n of_o public_a ceremony_n p._n 319_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n y_fw-fr e_o metropolis_n of_o china_n a_o scale_n of_o 10_o chinese_n furlong_n w_o ch_n amount_v to_o 2730_o geometrical_a pace_n one_o chinese_n furlong_n make_v 273_o geometrical_a pace_n a_o explanation_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n a_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o pekim_n never_o 4_o league_n in_o circuit_n b_o the_o 9_o gate_n of_o the_o same_o wall_n c_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n d_o 1_o the_o first_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n two_o league_n in_o circuit_n d_o 2_o the_o second_o enclosure_n d_o 3_o the_o three_o enclosure_n where_o the_o emperor_n reside_v e_z the_o south_n and_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n f_o the_o first_o street_n â—…_n ch_n you_o pass_v through_o upon_o youâ—…_n entrance_n into_o the_o city_n g_o a_o palace_n encempass_v with_o a_o marble_n baluâ—…_n trade_n h_o the_o second_o street_n â—…_n â—h_a two_o triumphal_a arch_n i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d apertim_fw-la 1_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n 2_o 2_o d._n 〈◊〉_d â—…_n ch_z be_v the_o first_o within_o the_o outer_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n 3_o 3_o d._n call_v the_o portal_n of_o the_o beginning_n 4_o 4._o be_v the_o second_o enclosure_n 5_o 5_o call_v the_o supreme_a portal_n 6_o 6_o call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall_n 7_o 7_o call_v the_o hall_n thrice_o exalt_v 8_o 8._o 〈◊〉_d the_o supreme_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n 9_o 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o â—…overaigne_a concord_n where_o the_o emâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d in_o councâ—…l_a â—…_n â—h_a his_o colaos_n 10_o 10_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n 11_o 11_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n in_o â—…_n â—h_a and_o y_z e_z two_o 〈◊〉_d the_o emperor_n lodge_v himself_o 12_o 12_o the_o beautiful_a house_n 13_o 13_o the_o house_n which_o receive_v heaven_n 14_o 14_o 〈◊〉_d and_o garden_n 15_o 15_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n 16_o 16_o the_o high_a â—…aisd_v portal_n on_o the_o south_n side_n with_o a_o place_n to_o manage_v horse_n 17_o 17_o the_o park_n and_o artificial_a mountain_n 18_o 18_o consist_v of_o three_o house_n 19_o 19_o the_o portal_n on_o the_o north_n side_n 20_o 20_o the_o enclosure_n call_v y_o e_o portal_n of_o repose_n 123_o to_o 20_o be_v 20_o particular_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o several_a use_n k_o the_o first_o palace_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n l_o the_n second_o palace_n m_o 3_o palace_n upon_o the_o lake_n n_o 4_o palace_n upon_o a_o mountain_n o_o 5_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n p_o 6_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n q_o 7_o palace_n r_o 8_o palace_n of_o the_o fortress_n s_o 1_o temple_n of_o the_o 4_o within_z y_z e_o palace_n t_o 2_o temple_n five_o 3_o temple_n x_o 4_o temple_n y_o 24_o place_n for_o the_o mandarin_n z_o 5_o temple_n in_o y_z e_z new_a city_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o &_o 1_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n &_o 2_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n a_o a_o the_o 6_o tribunal_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o â—…_n â—h_a a_o a_o b_o b_o the_o 5_o tribunal_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o military_a mandarins_n a_o new_a relation_n of_o china_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o great_a empire_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n usual_a in_o this_o empire_n that_o when_o any_o new_a family_n ascend_v the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o sovereign_n give_v a_o new_a name_n to_o his_o dominion_n thus_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n china_n be_v call_v taè_fw-la mim_fw-mi que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a brightness_n but_o the_o tartar_n who_o govern_v it_o at_o present_a have_v call_v it_o taà _fw-la cim_o que_fw-la or_o a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a purity_n and_o this_o be_v the_o appellation_n most_o common_a among_o the_o chinese_n however_o in_o regard_n thâ—…_n former_o there_o have_v be_v kingdom_n in_o it_o high_o famâ—…s_v either_o for_o their_o long_a continuance_n or_o for_o the_o virtue_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o the_o number_n of_o learned_a man_n or_o for_o some_o other_o advantage_n they_o have_v preserve_v and_o still_o make_v use_n in_o their_o book_n of_o name_n which_o be_v then_o in_o practice_n 〈◊〉_d as_o be_v those_o of_o hia_n que_fw-fr xam_n que_fw-fr cheu_n que_fw-fr hâ—…n_fw-fr que_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o although_o these_o name_n signify_v china_n yet_o they_o be_v rather_o intend_v to_o denote_v the_o reign_n of_o several_a royal_a family_n than_o to_o signify_v the_o kingdom_n itself_o in_o their_o book_n and_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n they_o general_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n xam_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v high_a and_o sovereign_a kingdom_n the_o learned_a man_n in_o their_o write_n and_o their_o book_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o word_n chum_n que_fw-fr which_o signify_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o middle_a or_o centre_n and_o indeed_o the_o most_o usual_a and_o common_a name_n for_o all_o china_n be_v chum_n que_fw-fr or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o centre_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o it_o either_o because_o they_o believe_v that_o china_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n or_o because_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n establish_v his_o throne_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n which_o be_v then_o as_o it_o be_v the_o centre_n
a_o stranger_n can_v not_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o language_n but_o hear_v the_o tartar_n so_o often_o call_v the_o southern_a chineses_n mangi_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n and_o not_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n however_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o far_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n be_v quite_o different_a and_o do_v not_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v china_n i_o shall_v here_o translate_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o forty_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n by_o which_o it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o what_o i_o affirm_v be_v a_o constant_a and_o assure_a truth_n for_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o stream_n the_o chineses_n call_v â—…_n âm_fw-la eu_fw-fr kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o go_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n cainguiâ—…s_v â—…s_z a_o small_a city_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o the_o southside_n where_o they_o gather_v ever_o year_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o cambalu_n to_o supply_v the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cam._n these_o provision_n be_v transport_v to_o catai_n by_o water_n over_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o one_o large_a and_o deep_a canal_n which_o the_o great_a cam_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o vessel_n from_o one_o river_n to_o another_o and_o to_o go_v from_o the_o province_n of_o mangi_n to_o cambalu_n without_o go_v by_o sea._n this_o be_v a_o work_n of_o wonder_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o its_o length_n but_o more_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o city_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o great_a cham_n also_o cause_v to_o be_v raise_v all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o canal_n very_o strong_a and_o spacious_a dam_n for_o traveller_n to_o walk_v upon_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o m._n paulus_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o this_o great_a work_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n but_o as_o for_o caingui_n mention_v by_o that_o author_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o town_n nor_o a_o city_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chim_z kiam_fw-la keu_n that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n that_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n separate_v in_o that_o place_n and_o after_o it_o have_v run_v through_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_n cross_v the_o country_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la as_o far_a as_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o call_v ham_n cheu_n on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o mouth_n there_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o place_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v mâ_fw-la teû_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o place_n frequent_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o trade_n because_o the_o bark_n there_o meet_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o ride_v secure_a in_o the_o night_n time_n now_o this_o place_n of_o which_o marcus_n paulus_n speak_v may_v well_o be_v call_v a_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n of_o vessel_n that_o resort_v thither_o though_o it_o be_v neither_o wall_v nor_o have_v building_n enough_o to_o form_v a_o city_n now_o though_o this_o be_v perfect_o know_v by_o all_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v as_o missionary_n into_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v make_v this_o matter_n yet_o more_o evident_a to_o unfold_v some_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o city_n of_o which_o he_o make_v mention_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tainfu_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tai_n yven_v fu_n and_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o capitol_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o 28_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n pim_n yam_fw-la fu_fw-la and_o which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o potent_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_o that_o of_o sucheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankin_n in_o the_o 56th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o coiganzù_n which_o be_v call_v hoaì_n gââ—…_n fû_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o very_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v there_o make_v as_o in_o the_o territory_n round_o about_o and_o which_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o m._n paulus_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o the_o 65th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o chian_a gian_n fu_o which_o be_v call_v chim_z kiam_fw-la fu_fw-la in_o his_o seventi_v chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o city_n of_o tâ—…pinxu_fw-la otherwise_o tai_n 〈◊〉_d fu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o namkim_n in_o the_o 75th_o he_o mention_n the_o city_n of_o fogiu_n otherwise_o foe_n cheu_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o foyes_n kien_n in_o the_o 76th_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o quelinfu_n which_o be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o also_o report_v that_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lion_n and_o that_o he_o repeat_v several_a time_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v misinform_v in_o most_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o chinese_n never_o see_v a_o lion_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o picture_n and_o therefore_o they_o paint_v a_o lion_n quite_o another_o creature_n than_o he_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o m._n paulus_n be_v mistake_v in_o believe_v those_o great_a and_o furious_a tiger_n which_o be_v so_o common_a in_o that_o empire_n to_o be_v lion_n and_o he_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o persuasion_n by_o say_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi have_v lion_n train_v up_o to_o hunt_v the_o other_o wild_a beast_n and_o that_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a list_n or_o streak_n and_o be_v large_a than_o the_o lion_n of_o babylon_n all_o which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tiger_n or_o leopard_n which_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o asia_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o châ—…ces_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o description_n of_o lion_n the_o same_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o several_a other_o city_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v so_o change_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v chinesie_n that_o they_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o the_o language_n nevertheless_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o province_n and_o city_n which_o he_o place_n in_o catai_n and_o mangi_n belong_v all_o to_o china_n because_o they_o general_o end_v with_o the_o syllable_n fu_fw-fr which_o in_o the_o chinesie_n language_n signify_v a_o city_n for_o example_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n be_v quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la fu_fw-la quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a name_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o fu_n signify_v a_o city_n as_o polis_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o so_o constantinopolis_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n and_o adrianopolis_n the_o city_n of_o adrian_n we_o draw_v the_o second_o proof_n of_o the_o description_n which_o m._n paulus_n make_v in_o the_o sixteen_o and_o seven_o teenth_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o what_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o third_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v drink_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o stone-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v there_o and_o be_v call_v muy_fw-es this_o coal_n be_v bring_v from_o certain_a mountain_n two_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o mine_n have_v never_o fail_v notwithstanding_o that_o for_o above_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n not_o only_o this_o city_n so_o large_a and_o populous_a but_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n have_v consume_v such_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o family_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o a_o stove_n heat_v with_o this_o coal_n that_o last_v and_o preserve_v a_o heat_n much_o more_o violent_a than_o charcoal_n these_o stove_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n like_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n three_o or_o four_o hand_n breadth_n high_a and_o broad_a or_o
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
they_o from_o other_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o contempt_n of_o foreigner_n the_o people_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o lord_n speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o chinese_n although_o beside_o that_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a language_n also_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n be_v somewhat_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o chinese_n nevertheless_o their_o complexion_n and_o the_o shape_n of_o their_o body_n be_v altogether_o alike_o but_o as_o to_o their_o courage_n you_o will_v think_v they_o to_o be_v quite_o another_o nation_n the_o chineses_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o they_o so_o that_o after_o several_a trial_n which_o they_o have_v make_v of_o their_o prowess_n they_o have_v be_v force_v to_o let_v they_o live_v at_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o to_o consent_v to_o a_o free_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o they_o in_o the_o relation_n which_o i_o have_v make_v of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n châm_fw-la hiém_fw-la chùm_fw-la concern_v which_o father_n martini_n write_v to_o i_o upon_o his_o return_n out_o of_o europe_n that_o he_o have_v leave_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o in_o the_o secretary_n office_n at_o rome_n and_o another_o in_o the_o college_n of_o conimbre_n where_o it_o be_v public_o read_v i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o beâ—…ell_v one_o of_o these_o sovereign_a lord_n i_o shall_v here_o repeat_v it_o in_o few_o word_n to_o the_o end_n the_o puissance_n of_o this_o empire_n may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v where_o they_o make_v little_a account_n of_o the_o force_n of_o these_o lord_n though_o they_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o that_o their_o dominion_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o province_n of_o china_n the_o tyrant_n cham_n hien_n chum_n not_o endure_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o one_o that_o refuse_v to_o yield_v he_o obedience_n in_o the_o province_n where_o he_o have_v cause_v himself_o to_o be_v crown_v and_o where_o he_o vaunt_v that_o he_o have_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o his_o empire_n send_v a_o command_n to_o one_o of_o these_o lord_n who_o principality_n lie_v near_o to_o his_o court_n to_o come_v and_o attend_v his_o person_n acknowledge_v he_o his_o sovereign_n and_o pay_v he_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v due_a to_o he_o the_o lord_n send_v he_o back_o for_o answer_n that_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o pay_v any_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n which_o answer_v put_v the_o tyrant_n into_o such_o a_o chase_n that_o he_o immediate_o send_v a_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o obedience_n but_o his_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n deseated_a by_o the_o prince_n i_o be_o hien_n chum_n thereupon_o raise_v another_o army_n more_o numerous_a than_o the_o first_o and_o march_v himself_o in_o person_n to_o enter_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o favour_v by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n give_v the_o tyrant_n battle_n overthrow_v he_o and_o force_v he_o to_o retire_v enrage_v at_o his_o ill_a success_n yet_o more_o animate_v to_o revenge_n then_o ever_o for_o that_o reason_n he_o raise_v a_o three_o army_n and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o it_o to_o his_o first_o adopt_a son_n call_v sum_n co_n vam_fw-la of_o who_o i_o have_v sometime_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o annual_a letter_n of_o this_o mission_n he_o be_v a_o person_n learned_a prudent_a courageous_a and_o so_o affable_a and_o good_a nature_a that_o many_o time_n he_o effect_v those_o thing_n by_o his_o prudence_n and_o sweetness_n which_o his_o father_n can_v not_o bring_v to_o pass_v with_o all_o his_o arm_a force_n and_o cruelty_n and_o indeed_o he_o know_v so_o well_o to_o manage_v the_o haughty_a spirit_n of_o the_o stubborn_a prince_n that_o he_o not_o only_o oblige_v the_o prince_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o father_n for_o his_o sovereign_n but_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o man_n and_o money_n to_o complete_a his_o conquest_n of_o china_n he_o carry_v he_o in_o his_o company_n to_o the_o court_n with_o all_o his_o army_n consist_v of_o forty_o thousand_o man_n all_o pick_v and_o choose_v young_a man_n clad_v in_o the_o same_o colour_a habit_n and_o arm_v with_o a_o sort_n of_o cuirass_n and_o headpiece_n of_o quilt_a cotton_n upon_o his_o arrival_n the_o prince_n muster_v his_o army_n in_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o those_o kind_n of_o exercise_n in_o every_o city_n of_o china_n the_o tyrant_n on_o the_o other_o side_n receive_v he_o with_o many_o extraordinary_a caress_n and_o mark_n of_o his_o favour_n and_o hearty_a affection_n and_o invite_v he_o public_o to_o a_o solemn_a feast_n the_o next_o day_n where_o the_o prince_n fail_v not_o to_o attend_v he_o but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o music_n the_o comedy_n and_o jollity_n of_o the_o banquet_n the_o perfidious_a and_o cruel_a tyrant_n order_v a_o most_o rank_a and_o nimble_a poison_n to_o be_v present_v he_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n which_o dispatch_v he_o in_o a_o few_o moment_n which_o do_v he_o cause_v his_o whole_a army_n ready_a draw_v up_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o surround_v and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o not_o to_o let_v a_o man_n escape_v which_o be_v execute_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o ease_n because_o the_o poor_a people_n not_o mistrust_v any_o such_o treachery_n be_v surprise_v without_o a_o leader_n without_o arm_n and_o all_o in_o disorder_n and_o of_o this_o accident_n i_o myself_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n which_o i_o therefore_o here_o relate_v to_o show_v the_o grandeur_n of_o this_o empire_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n to_o scruple_n the_o belief_n of_o what_o i_o have_v here_o relate_v concern_v the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n far_o more_o numerous_a than_o what_o father_n martini_n set_v down_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v in_o all_o those_o belong_v to_o these_o petty_a sovereign_n who_o principality_n though_o they_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n be_v nevertheless_o seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o empire_n in_o the_o four_o province_n which_o i_o have_v name_v i_o have_v also_o include_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o leao_n tum_fw-la and_o of_o the_o province_n of_o yun_n nan_n which_o the_o chineses_n excessive_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o formality_n never_o put_v into_o their_o ordinary_a catalogue_n but_o in_o the_o particular_a which_o i_o have_v say_v they_o make_v of_o the_o reign_v of_o certain_a family_n the_o chineses_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v print_v a_o public_a â—…inerary_n which_o contain_v all_o the_o road_n and_o passage_n as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o land_n from_o pe_n kim_v to_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o book_n the_o mandarin_n buy_v when_o they_o go_v from_o court_n to_o their_o several_a government_n and_o employment_n at_o a_o distance_n as_o also_o all_o other_o traveller_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o know_v the_o road_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o place_n from_o another_o and_o the_o furlong_n of_o every_o journey_n in_o this_o book_n all_o the_o royal_a highway_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v divide_v into_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o day_n journey_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a place_n where_o the_o mandarin_n be_v lodge_v and_o entertain_v at_o the_o king_n expense_n when_o they_o go_v to_o their_o several_a employment_n but_o when_o they_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o charge_n they_o lose_v also_o the_o privilege_n of_o royal_a entertainment_n these_o eleven_o hundred_o forty_o five_o place_n be_v call_v you_o or_o chin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v place_n of_o entertainment_n and_o attendance_n and_o this_o name_n be_v give_v to_o they_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o there_o they_o wait_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o mandarin_n with_o as_o much_o care_n and_o circumspection_n as_o if_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o guard_n against_o a_o arm_a enemy_n of_o these_o place_n there_o be_v seven_o hundred_o thirty_o five_o in_o the_o city_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n in_o the_o frontier_n town_n and_o in_o the_o castle_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n two_o hundred_o and_o five_o in_o the_o place_n call_v you_o and_o three_o hundred_o and_o three_o in_o the_o place_n call_v chin._n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v former_o build_v in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o town_n and_o may_v be_v call_v town_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n because_o they_o be_v all_o wall_v have_v mandarin_n for_o their_o governor_n and_o because_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v large_a and_o better_o people_v then_o many_o town_n and_o city_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o and_o two_o which_o have_v no_o wall_n but_o such_o as_o be_v very_o large_a and_o very_a populous_a the_o day_n before_o the_o mandarin_n set_v forward_o a_o courier_n
lord_n and_o master_n the_o friend_n and_o favourite_n of_o sun_n co_z vanâ—…_n advise_v he_o to_o put_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n to_o death_n and_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o absolute_o refuse_v so_o unworthy_a a_o action_n and_o more_o than_o that_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o acknowledge_v yum_n liè_fw-fr who_o birth_n have_v give_v he_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o short_a he_o acknowledge_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n and_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n follow_v his_o example_n his_o force_n be_v very_o numerous_a and_o well_o discipline_v and_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n that_o so_o brave_a a_o captain_n will_v have_v resettled_a the_o affair_n of_o china_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o take_v no_o care_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n as_o be_v whole_o addict_v to_o wine_n and_o woman_n prevent_v the_o success_n for_o this_o bad_a management_n of_o himself_o bring_v yum_n liè_fw-fr inâ—…o_fw-la contempt_n among_o his_o subject_n and_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la repent_v perhaps_o that_o he_o have_v resign_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n with_o whaâ—…_n be_v requisite_a for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o subsistence_n of_o his_o family_n however_o this_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o emperor_n displease_v several_a of_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o army_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o call_v lì_n â—…im_a qué_n before_o the_o best_a friend_n that_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la have_v and_o his_o brother_n by_o adoption_n as_o be_v both_o adopt_a by_o the_o tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la thereupon_o the_o quarrel_n between_o these_o two_o great_a person_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o break_v friendship_n part_v their_o force_n and_o fight_v one_o against_o the_o other_o till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o combat_n sun_n co_z vam_n soldier_n desert_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o he_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v by_o flight_n with_o only_o three_o hundred_o man_n that_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o upon_o which_o despair_v ever_o to_o resettle_v the_o affair_n of_o china_n he_o surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v his_o virtue_n in_o high_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n advance_v he_o lade_v with_o honour_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o petty_a king._n some_o time_n after_o yum_n liè_fw-fr bereave_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o so_o great_a a_o captain_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v both_o of_o his_o empire_n and_o his_o life_n the_o prowess_n of_o li_n tim_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o withstand_v their_o power_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o wife_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n have_v be_v baptise_a in_o the_o year_n 1648._o by_o father_n andrew_n kassler_n a_o jesuit_n the_o son_n be_v name_v constantine_n thus_o much_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o father_n rouge-mount_n c._n p._n 43._o in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o may_v see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v some_o difference_n among_o author_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o china_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a father_n trigaut_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v above_o a_o million_o father_n martini_n near_o a_o million_o and_o by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o be_v a_o person_n very_o curious_a and_o one_o that_o have_v travel_v much_o in_o china_n assure_v he_o that_o by_o what_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o chinese_n book_n that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o fourteen_o and_o six_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o to_o guard_n the_o great_a wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n not_o include_v the_o soldier_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o fleet_n but_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o ihe_v relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n a_o more_o modern_a writer_n and_o who_o take_v what_o he_o assert_v out_o of_o a_o book_n present_v to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o however_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o these_o soldier_n be_v not_o like_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n neither_o for_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n as_o be_v no_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n than_o the_o country_n militia_n for_o father_n semedo_n speak_v of_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o province_n say_v they_o be_v of_o â—…ittle_a worth_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v they_o follow_v no_o other_o employment_n then_o that_o of_o be_v soldier_n â—…or_n that_o they_o be_v general_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enroll_v and_o follow_v their_o trade_n some_o shoemaker_n other_o tailor_n etc._n etc._n and_o father_n trigaut_n in_o his_o second_o chapter_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v knâ—…w_v the_o number_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v incredible_a we_o ought_v to_o observe_v that_o almost_o half_a the_o people_n of_o the_o three_o northern_a province_n be_v â—…olled_v iâ—…â—…he_a service_n of_o the_o emperor_n 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n 〈◊〉_d firmâ—…_n the_o same_o thing_n wherâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d â—…ays_n that_o the_o exâ—…e_n of_o the_o emperor_n eveâ—…y_v year_n for_o nine_o hundred_o aâ—…_n two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o soldier_n that_o guard_v thâ—…_n wâ—…_n including_z officer_n and_o all_o amount_v but_o to_o 〈◊〉_d million_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o livre_n which_o be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o pistol_n a_o year_n for_o every_o man_n which_o can_v never_o maintain_v they_o do_v they_o not_o follow_v their_o trade_n to_o support_v themselves_o and_o their_o family_n and_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n incredible_a which_o the_o chinese_n historian_n cite_v by_o father_n magaillans_n allow_v as_o well_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o province_n which_o amount_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o seventy_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o four_o more_n especial_o consider_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o empire_n numerous_o people_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n have_v neither_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n and_o therefore_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v better_a soldier_n than_o the_o chinese_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o the_o soldier_n in_o europe_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o it_o have_v preserve_v its_o form_n of_o government_n and_o have_v continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o twenty_o two_o family_n from_o whence_o have_v descend_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n for_o it_o be_v so_o many_o year_n since_o it_o begin_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a for_o shall_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v be_v four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668_o since_o this_o kingdom_n begin_v the_o chineses_n however_o have_v three_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n some_o of_o their_o book_n six_o the_o original_a of_o their_o kingdom_n some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o the_o creation_n but_o though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n believe_v this_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o wise_a and_o more_o learned_a sort_n hold_v those_o book_n for_o mere_o fabulous_a and_o apocryphal_a more_o especial_o since_o consucius_fw-la have_v condemn_v that_o error_n the_o second_o opinion_n make_v king_n fohi_n to_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o reign_v towards_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xénsi_fw-la the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o book_n it_o be_v two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o this_o prince_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n hold_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v probable_a and_o many_o among_o they_o take_v it_o to_o be_v unquestionable_a the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v lay_v about_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o
for_o want_v of_o art_n and_o knowledge_n not_o for_o defect_n of_o wit_n they_o have_v also_o several_a book_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o military_a discipline_n and_o several_a excellent_a treatise_n of_o physic_n wherein_o they_o show_v the_o smartness_n of_o their_o wit_n by_o make_v several_a solid_a and_o learned_a discourse_n upon_o the_o pulse_n or_o beat_v of_o artery_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a knowledge_n upon_o the_o manner_n of_o know_v and_o distinguish_v between_o disease_n and_o disease_n they_o have_v several_a pleasant_a romance_n and_o book_n of_o chivalry_n like_o those_o of_o amadis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n oâ—…lando_n furioso_n d._n quixote_n etc._n etc._n and_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o precedent_n of_o obedience_n of_o child_n towards_o their_o parent_n of_o the_o loyalty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n of_o agriculture_n eloquent_a discourse_n pleasant_a poem_n full_a of_o witty_a invention_n tragedy_n and_o comedy_n and_o last_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o treatise_n upon_o a_o insinity_n of_o other_o subject_n beside_o that_o such_o be_v their_o readiness_n and_o quickness_n of_o invention_n that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o licentiate_n or_o doctor_n that_o do_v not_o publish_v at_o least_o one_o or_o two_o large_a volume_n they_o have_v five_o volume_n which_o they_o call_v u_o kim_n or_o the_o five_o write_n which_o among_o they_o be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n among_o we_o the_o first_o be_v call_v xu_o kim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o chronicle_n of_o five_o ancient_a king_n which_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v and_o worship_n for_o saint_n the_o three_o last_o be_v the_o head_n of_o three_o different_a family_n that_o reign_v for_o almost_o two_o thousand_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o the_o nineteen_o family_n that_o succeed_v they_o including_z also_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n that_o reign_v at_o present_a the_o first_o of_o these_o 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daughter_n for_o his_o wife_n this_o precedent_n the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o to_o maintain_v polygamy_n but_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n return_v for_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n that_o god_n at_o that_o time_n permit_v plurality_n of_o wife_n because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o multiplication_n of_o human_a kind_a and_o for_o people_n the_o earth_n the_o chineses_n be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n because_o the_o first_o of_o their_o sacred_a book_n inform_v they_o that_o at_o that_o time_n china_n be_v but_o very_o thin_o inhabit_v moreover_o they_o approve_v the_o exposition_n which_o father_n julio_n aleni_n make_v upon_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o book_n call_v keù_n to_o ge_fw-mi chaos_n compose_v by_o the_o learned_a christian_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a from_o what_o they_o have_v hear_v the_o learned_a father_n discourse_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o though_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text_n of_o that_o first_o book_n be_v cil_n niù_fw-fr those_o two_o monosyllable_n do_v not_o signify_v two_o daughter_n but_o the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n yao_n which_o he_o marry_v to_o his_o successor_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o present_a never_o give_v no_o other_o name_n for_o distinction_n sake_n but_o only_o that_o of_o the_o order_n of_o their_o birth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o third_z son._n so_o that_o when_o they_o read_v that_o yao_n give_v to_o xùn_n cil_n niù_fw-fr the_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n give_v he_o his_o second_o daughter_n the_o letter_n cil_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o figure_n 2_o among_o we_o that_o emperor_n xùn_o be_v applaud_v in_o this_o book_n for_o many_o virtue_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o his_o obedience_n to_o his_o father_n and_o his_o affection_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o both_o endeavour_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o several_a time_n but_o he_o suffer_v all_o their_o cruelty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a patience_n among_o other_o example_n of_o his_o virtue_n there_o be_v two_o philosopher_n who_o report_n how_o that_o one_o day_n his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v both_o as_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v virtuous_a command_v he_o to_o go_v down_o into_o a_o well_o to_o cleanse_v it_o immediate_o he_o obey_v but_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o the_o bottom_n but_o those_o barbarian_n transport_v with_o fury_n and_o malice_n draw_v the_o ladder_n and_o throw_v down_o great_a stone_n piece_n of_o wood_n and_o what_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v next_o at_o hand_n to_o destroy_v he_o in_o the_o well_o however_o he_o get_v out_o through_o a_o passage_n which_o he_o discover_v under_o ground_n nevertheless_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v to_o revenge_v that_o excess_n of_o fury_n and_o inhumaniâ—…y_n that_o he_o repay_v they_o with_o great_a mark_n than_o ever_o of_o respect_n and_o love._n the_o three_o emperor_n be_v call_v yù_n who_o have_v serve_v the_o emperor_n xùn_n during_o his_o life_n time_n with_o great_a loyalty_n and_o advantage_n the_o die_a prince_n make_v choice_n of_o he_o for_o his_o successor_n in_o regard_n that_o his_o son_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a be_v no_o way_n endow_v with_o part_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n yù_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n take_v care_n to_o drain_v away_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o at_o that_o time_n overslow_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plain_n of_o china_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hûm_fw-la xùi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n this_o emperor_n be_v desirous_a as_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o to_o choose_v for_o his_o successor_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v you_o who_o have_v be_v assistant_n to_o he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o people_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o declare_v that_o the_o emperor_n son_n be_v a_o person_n endue_v with_o all_o virtue_n necessary_a to_o govern_v they_o well_o and_o so_o they_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o prince_n that_o succeed_v this_o last_o emperor_n reign_v by_o right_a of_o succession_n and_o not_o of_o election_n till_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi a_o vicious_a and_o cruel_a prince_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o this_o same_o first_o family_n the_o four_o emperor_n call_v chim_z tam_fw-la be_v the_o founder_n of_o the_o second_o royal_a family_n his_o eminent_a virtue_n have_v oblige_v the_o precede_a emperor_n to_o make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o po_n which_o be_v at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o hô_o nan_n he_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi and_o after_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o so_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o emperor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o drought_n that_o there_o be_v neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n for_o seven_o year_n together_o as_o if_o the_o heaven_n have_v be_v make_v of_o brass_n the_o fountain_n and_o river_n be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o the_o land_n become_v barren_a and_o these_o calamity_n be_v attend_v with_o famine_n and_o pestilence_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o fatal_a extremity_n the_o emperor_n forsake_v his_o palace_n quit_v his_o royal_a habit_n and_o cover_v himself_o with_o certain_a skin_n go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v sam_n lin_n where_o as_o he_o lay_v prostrate_a upon_o the_o earth_n he_o make_v the_o follow_a prayer_n lord_n if_o thy_o people_n have_v offend_v thou_o punish_v they_o not_o because_o they_o have_v ignorant_o transgress_v against_o thou_o punish_v i_o rather_o who_o here_o present_v myself_o before_o thou_o as_o a_o victim_n ready_a
their_o study_n and_o write_v book_n upon_o several_a subject_n they_o be_v proper_o the_o king_n be_v learned_a people_n who_o frequent_o discourse_v with_o they_o upon_o several_a science_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o several_a of_o they_o to_o be_v his_o colao_n or_o counsellor_n or_o for_o his_o other_o tribunal_n and_o general_o he_o commit_v to_o their_o care_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o affair_n that_o require_v secrecy_n and_o fidelity_n in_o short_a this_o tribunal_n be_v a_o royal_a academy_n or_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v a_o royal_a magazine_n furnish_v with_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o learning_n always_o ready_a to_o serve_v the_o state_n and_o the_o emperor_n they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o tribunal_n be_v of_o the_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n they_o of_o the_o second_o of_o the_o four_o order_n and_o they_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o three_o be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n yet_o though_o they_o be_v of_o those_o inferior_a order_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v very_o much_o esteem_v respect_a and_o dread_a the_o tribunal_n call_v gue_n thu_n kien_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o royal_a school_n or_o university_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o it_o have_v two_o sort_n of_o employment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o king_n make_v any_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n or_o moon_n or_o to_o any_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n decease_v to_o recompense_v his_o great_a service_n the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o tribunal_n present_v the_o wine_n which_o be_v do_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ceremony_n their_o next_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o all_o the_o licentiate_n and_o undergraduate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o all_o the_o student_n to_o who_o for_o some_o particular_a reason_n the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o confer_v title_n and_o dignity_n which_o equal_v they_o in_o some_o measure_n with_o the_o bachelor_n graduate_n these_o student_n be_v of_o eight_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v call_v cum_fw-la sem_fw-mi who_o be_v bachelor_n of_o art_n and_o learned_a be_v of_o a_o age_n not_o to_o be_v examine_v or_o who_o have_v be_v examine_v have_v not_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o with_o applause_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v they_o amends_o the_o king_n give_v they_o a_o pension_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v the_o second_o call_v quen_o sem_fw-mi be_v the_o son_n of_o great_a mandarin_n upon_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o eminent_a service_n of_o their_o parent_n the_o king_n confer_v employment_n without_o suffer_v they_o to_o undergo_v the_o rigour_n of_o examination_n the_o three_o sort_n call_v ngen_fw-mi sem_fw-mi be_v certain_a student_n who_o the_o king_n make_v mandarin_n at_o his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o the_o prince_n his_o elder_a son._n the_o four_o be_v call_v cum_fw-la sem_fw-mi be_v student_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n bestow_v his_o favour_n and_o advance_v they_o to_o dignity_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a personal_a merit_n or_o the_o great_a service_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o five_o sort_n call_v kien_fw-mi sem_fw-mi comprehend_v all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v bachelor_n for_o some_o time_n and_o after_o their_o examination_n not_o be_v able_a to_o merit_v the_o degree_n of_o licentiate_n or_o else_o fear_v to_o lose_v their_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n give_v the_o king_n a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o which_o he_o grant_v they_o the_o title_n of_o kien_fw-fr sem_fw-mi which_o confirm_v they_o for_o ever_o into_o their_o batchelour_n degree_n and_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o be_v elect_v mandarin_n the_o six_o be_v compose_v of_o student_n that_o learn_v foreign_a language_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o interpret_v when_o stranger_n come_v to_o court._n to_o who_o the_o king_n for_o their_o encouragement_n give_v this_o title_n with_o revenue_n proportionable_a and_o after_o they_o have_v serve_v for_o some_o year_n they_o may_v be_v make_v mandarin_n without_o any_o examination_n the_o seven_o consist_v of_o the_o son_n of_o great_a lord_n who_o in_o this_o tribunal_n learn_v virtue_n civility_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n and_o when_o they_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v mandarin_n the_o king_n prefer_v they_o to_o some_o employment_n or_o other_o the_o eight_o be_v accidental_a and_o of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n for_o when_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o daughter_n that_o be_v call_v lady_n of_o the_o palace_n or_o cum_fw-la chu_n and_o that_o he_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o marry_v they_o he_o make_v choice_n at_o pekim_n of_o several_a young_a lad_n hopeful_a for_o their_o part_n handsome_a and_o between_o fourteen_o and_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n whether_o they_o be_v the_o son_n of_o mandarin_n tradesman_n or_o poor_a people_n out_o of_o these_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n choose_v the_o most_o accomplish_a for_o beauty_n and_o wit_n and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o king_n who_o cull_v out_o one_o that_o please_v he_o most_o and_o send_v the_o rest_n back_o to_o their_o parent_n after_o he_o have_v give_v to_o every_o one_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n but_o as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o make_v choice_n of_o to_o be_v his_o son_n in_o law_n he_o set_v over_o they_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o ceremony_n and_o place_n he_o in_o that_o college_n to_o be_v instruct_v the_o precedent_n of_o this_o college_n be_v of_o the_o four_o order_n of_o mandarin_n and_o his_o assessor_n who_o be_v regent_n in_o the_o college_n be_v of_o the_o five_o order_n the_o mandarin_n that_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n call_v tu_fw-la cha_fw-mi yuen_v be_v controller_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o all_o the_o empire_n the_o precedent_n be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n to_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n so_o that_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n his_o first_o assessor_n be_v of_o the_o three_o and_o his_o second_o assistant_n of_o the_o four_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mandarin_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o of_o great_a authority_n be_v of_o the_o seven_o order_n their_o employment_n be_v to_o take_v care_n both_o at_o court_n and_o over_o all_o the_o empire_n that_o the_o law_n and_o good_a custom_n be_v strict_o observe_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o the_o mandarin_n perform_v their_o function_n just_o and_o true_o and_o that_o the_o people_n do_v their_o duty_n they_o punish_v slight_a fault_n in_o their_o own_o tribunal_n and_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o great_a offence_n every_o three_o year_n they_o make_v a_o general_a visitation_n send_v fourteen_o visitor_n abroad_o that_o be_v one_o for_o every_o province_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o visitor_n enter_v the_o province_n they_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o viceroy_n and_o other_o mandarin_n as_o well_o the_o great_a as_o the_o petty_a one_o and_o they_o control_v they_o with_o so_o much_o majesty_n authority_n and_o rigour_n that_o the_o dread_n wherein_o the_o mandarin_n stand_v of_o they_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o this_o usual_a proverb_n among_o the_o chinese_n lao_n xu_o kien_n mao_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o rat_n have_v see_v the_o cat._n nor_o be_v it_o without_o reason_n that_o they_o stand_v in_o so_o much_o awe_n of_o they_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o take_v away_o their_o employment_n and_o ruin_v their_o person_n the_o visitation_n be_v finish_v they_o return_v to_o court_n general_o load_v with_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n more_o or_o less_o which_o the_o mandarin_n give_v they_o for_o they_o that_o be_v guilty_a will_v bleed_v very_o free_o for_o fear_n they_o shall_v be_v accuse_v to_o the_o king._n other_o be_v more_o spare_v but_o give_v however_o to_o prevent_v the_o invent_v of_o accusation_n against_o they_o at_o their_o return_n they_o divide_v their_o spoil_n with_o the_o first_o precedent_n and_o his_o assistant_n and_o after_o that_o give_v both_o they_o and_o the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o their_o visitation_n generally_n they_o never_o impeach_v any_o one_o of_o the_o mandarin_n but_o such_o who_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n be_v so_o public_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceal_v they_o or_o such_o who_o through_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o poverty_n be_v not_o able_a to_o gratify_v their_o avarice_n this_o visitation_n be_v call_v ta_o chai_n or_o the_o great_a and_o general_a visitation_n the_o second_o tribunal_n make_v a_o second_o tribunal_n every_o year_n which_o be_v call_v chum_n chai_n or_o the_o middle_a super-visor_n this_o tribunal_n also_o send_v visitor_n to_o nine_o quarter_n of_o the_o frontier_n on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v next_o the_o vast_a wall_n that_o separate_a china_n from_o tartary_n they_o send_v other_o visitor_n to_o the_o salt_n pit_n which_o yield_v