sometime_o in_o great_a leave_n of_o the_o egyptian_a rush_n papirus_fw-la from_o whence_o come_v our_o english_a word_n paper_n and_o the_o latin_a papirus_fw-la short_o after_o a_o contest_v happen_v between_o ptolemy_n king_n of_o egypt_n and_o eumenes_n king_n of_o pergamus_n the_o latter_a find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o parchment_n and_o call_v it_o from_o the_o place_n pergamena_n at_o this_o time_n the_o roman_n use_v to_o write_v in_o table_n of_o wood_n cover_v over_o with_o wax_n so_o that_o tabellae_fw-la be_v employ_v to_o signify_v missive_n letter_n and_o tabellarius_fw-la a_o letter-carrier_n these_o table_n or_o book_n be_v make_v of_o the_o caudex_fw-la the_o trunk_n or_o stock_n of_o a_o tree_n whence_o we_o still_o call_v our_o book_n codices_fw-la à _fw-la caudicibus_fw-la q._n what_o do_v they_o write_v with_o a._n with_o a_o stylus_fw-la a_o instrument_n of_o steel_n or_o iron_n have_v a_o sharp_a point_n at_o one_o end_n and_o be_v broad_a but_o keen_a and_o well-edged_a at_o the_o other_o with_o the_o sharp_a point_n they_o write_v what_o they_o please_v with_o the_o broad_a end_n they_o scrape_v out_o what_o they_o have_v write_v whence_o the_o phrase_n stylum_fw-la invertere_fw-la which_o signify_v to_o say_v and_o unsay_v a_o thing_n q._n what_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o they_o make_v at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o book_n a._n they_o call_v it_o a_o coronis_n which_o the_o interpreter_n of_o aristophanes_n describe_v to_o be_v linea_fw-la brevis_fw-la ab_fw-la inferiore_fw-la parte_fw-la flexa_fw-la all_o be_v agree_v it_o be_v some_o know_v and_o common_a dash_n usual_o subjoin_v to_o the_o end_n of_o book_n this_o give_v light_a to_o the_o greek_a proverb_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n q._n after_o what_o manner_n be_v their_o book_n write_v in_o former_a age_n a._n they_o write_v a_o whole_a book_n in_o one_o continue_a page_n which_o be_v not_o cut_v into_o many_o leaf_n and_o bind_v up_o as_o the_o fashion_n now_o be_v but_o that_o one_o entire_a page_n be_v use_v to_o be_v roll_v upon_o a_o staff_n fasten_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o hence_o à _fw-la volvendo_fw-la we_o call_v our_o book_n volumina_fw-la volume_n q._n what_o be_v the_o vmbilicus_fw-la a._n the_o staff_n on_o which_o the_o book_n be_v roll_v they_o call_v metaphorical_o vmbilicus_fw-la because_o as_o a_o navel_n be_v the_o middle_n of_o a_o man_n body_n so_o when_o the_o book_n be_v roll_v up_o this_o staff_n be_v the_o middle_n of_o it_o however_o because_o it_o be_v always_o fasten_v at_o one_o end_n of_o the_o page_n hence_o vmbilicus_fw-la but_o especial_o when_o apply_v to_o a_o book_n signify_v the_o end_n as_o in_o horace_n ad_fw-la vmbilicum_fw-la ducere_fw-la q._n how_o be_v the_o two_o knob_n or_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n which_o appear_v on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o volume_n call_v a._n cornua_fw-la and_o they_o use_v to_o adorn_v they_o with_o silver_n and_o gold_n the_o title_n which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o every_o book_n be_v name_v frons_fw-la q._n what_o custom_n and_o ceremony_n be_v use_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o handle_v their_o suit_n of_o law_n a._n first_o there_o be_v in_o jus_o vocatio_fw-la that_o be_v the_o cite_n of_o one_o into_o the_o court._n second_o postulatio_fw-la a_o request_n put_v up_o to_o the_o praetor_n that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o enter_v his_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n whence_o postulare_fw-la aliquem_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la vel_fw-la illo_fw-la crimine_fw-la be_v to_o accuse_v one_o of_o this_o or_o that_o crime_n three_o nominis_fw-la delatio_fw-la the_o take_n of_o the_o defendant_n name_n into_o the_o court-book_n and_o this_o be_v call_v intendere_fw-la actionem_fw-la vel_fw-la litem_fw-la and_o diem_fw-la alicui_fw-la dicere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o enter_v a_o action_n against_o one_o q._n when_o request_n be_v make_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o the_o praetor_n that_o he_o may_v enter_v his_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n do_v he_o not_o vadari_fw-la reum_fw-la i._n e._n demand_v surety_n or_o bail_n of_o he_o to_o appear_v on_o the_o day_n appoint_v a._n yes_o and_o promisit_fw-la vadimonium_fw-la that_o be_v he_o enter_v likewise_o into_o bond_n for_o his_o own_o appearance_n on_o the_o same_o day_n which_o be_v common_o the_o three_o day_n follow_v called_z properly_z dies_fw-la perendinus_fw-la and_o sometime_o die_v tertius_fw-la simple_o q._n who_o be_v the_o viri_fw-la consulares_fw-la a._n not_o every_o one_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o consul_n office_n but_o those_o that_o have_v actual_o bear_v it_o q._n how_o do_v the_o roman_n date_n their_o deed_n and_o charter_n a._n at_o first_o they_o do_v it_o by_o name_v the_o year_n wherein_o their_o city_n be_v found_v as_o for_o instance_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la conditâ_fw-la the_o twenty_o thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n but_o afterward_o by_o subscribe_v the_o name_n of_o their_o present_a consul_n nay_o to_o know_v the_o age_n of_o their_o wine_n they_o sign_v their_o vessel_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n q._n what_o be_v their_o manner_n of_o sell_v sub_fw-la coronâ_fw-la a._n a_o enemy_n be_v say_v to_o be_v sell_v sub_fw-la coronâ_fw-la when_o in_o the_o marketplace_n a_o crown_n be_v put_v upon_o his_o head_n in_o token_n of_o such_o a_o sale_n or_o else_o because_o at_o that_o time_n he_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o soldier_n call_v corona_n q._n what_o be_v their_o way_n of_o dismiss_v a_o enemy_n sub_fw-la jugum_fw-la a._n they_o erect_v two_o spear_n with_o a_o three_o lie_v across_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o gallow_n then_o they_o cause_v they_o be_v disarm_v and_o their_o belt_n take_v away_o to_o pass_v under_o in_o token_n of_o bondage_n q._n why_o do_v lapis_n in_o old_a time_n signify_v a_o mile_n a._n because_o at_o every_o mile_n end_n a_o great_a stone_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o mark-stone_n be_v erect_v q._n why_o do_v the_o roman_n call_v the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n a_o lustrum_fw-la a._n because_o they_o do_v once_o in_o five_o year_n revolution_n lustrare_fw-la exercitum_fw-la romanum_fw-la purge_v the_o roman_a army_n by_o sacrifice_n hence_o we_o say_v duo_fw-la lustra_fw-la ten_o year_n tria_fw-la lustra_fw-la fifteen_o year_n etc._n etc._n q._n do_v not_o nomen_fw-la sometime_o signify_v the_o same_o as_o debitum_fw-la a_o debt_n a._n yes_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o creditor_n do_v use_v to_o write_v down_o their_o debtor_n name_n hence_o they_o be_v say_v nomina_fw-la sva_fw-la liberare_fw-la when_o they_o pay_v the_o debt_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o be_v say_v nomina_fw-la faeere_n when_o they_o contract_v a_o debt_n a_o explication_n of_o some_o letter_n and_o name_n that_o occur_v in_o this_o history_n a._n aulus_n c._n caius_n d._n decimus_n l._n lucius_n m._n marcus_n n._n numerius_n p._n publius_n q._n quintus_fw-la t._n titus_n ap._n appius_n cn._n cneâ—us_n s._n spurius_n ti._n tiberius_n mam._n mamereus_fw-la ser._n servius_n sex_n sextus_n f._n filius_fw-la n._n nepos_n q._n quatuor_fw-la s._n p._n q._n r._n senatus_n populusque_fw-la romanus_n s._n c._n senatus_n consulto_fw-la cos._n consul_n coss._n consules_a hs._n sâ—stertium_fw-la the_o geographical_a name_n explain_v allobroges_n the_o people_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n ambrons_n people_n of_o france_n live_v by_o pillage_n albanian_n people_n dwell_v between_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o the_o georgian_n daci_n the_o people_n of_o transylvania_n iberian_o the_o georgian_n insubres_n the_o milanese_n liburnia_n hodie_fw-la croatia_n ligurians_fw-la the_o genoese_a marcomanni_n people_n near_o austria_n who_o country_n be_v marck_n according_a to_o other_o the_o bohemian_o quadi_n the_o moravian_o sarmatia_n a_o large_a country_n part_n in_o europe_n part_n in_o asia_n comprehend_v all_o polonia_n russia_n muscovy_n and_o most_o of_o tartary_n suevi_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o schwaven_n teutones_n the_o german_n vaccaei_n people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n in_o spain_n a_o table_n of_o the_o principal_a matter_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n the_o original_a of_o the_o roman_n page_z 1_o a_o chronological_a table_n of_o the_o latin_a king_n 3_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n 4_o the_o mean_n that_o romulus_n use_v to_o people_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n 5_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n in_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n 6_o the_o seven_o king_n of_o rome_n 8_o romulus_n the_o one_a king_n of_o rome_n 9_o numa_n pompilius_n the_o second_o king_n of_o rome_n 14_o tullus_n hostilius_n the_o 3d_o king_n of_o rome_n 16_o ancus_n martius_n the_o four_o king_n of_o rome_n 19_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n the_o 5_o king_n of_o rome_n 20_o servius_n tullius_n the_o 6_o king_n of_o rome_n 23_o tarqvinius_n superbus_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o rome_n 27_o of_o the_o alteration_n make_v in_o rome_n 31_o the_o war_n in_o which_o the_o roman_n
into_o a_o precipice_n as_o he_o pass_v the_o alps_n from_o pursue_v his_o design_n he_o be_v of_o a_o lively_a imagination_n a_o clear_a sprightly_a wit_n and_o a_o prodigious_a memory_n tiberius_n the_o three_o emperor_n the_o year_n of_o rome_n 754._o of_o the_o birth_n of_o i._o c._n 14._o q._n whose_o son_n be_v tiberius_n a._n the_o son_n of_o livia_n and_o tiberius_n nero._n he_o be_v fifty_o five_o year_n old_a when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n q._n what_o sort_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v he_o a._n his_o chief_a talon_n lie_v in_o dissimulation_n and_o he_o be_v universal_o hate_v for_o his_o cruelty_n his_o covetousness_n his_o debauchery_n and_o his_o pride_n q._n but_o how_o do_v he_o behave_v himself_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n a._n he_o conceal_v all_o his_o fault_n from_o the_o world_n with_o admirable_a address_n and_o dexterity_n q._n what_o oblige_v he_o to_o stand_v so_o much_o upon_o his_o guard_n a._n because_o he_o be_v afraid_a of_o germanicus_n son_n to_o his_o brother_n drusus_n who_o he_o have_v adopt_v q._n and_o how_o do_v he_o serve_v he_o at_o last_o a._n he_o dispatch_v he_o out_o of_o the_o way_n because_o he_o be_v jealous_a of_o his_o grow_a merit_n q._n after_o what_o manner_n do_v he_o accomplish_v his_o design_n a._n he_o send_v this_o prince_n who_o have_v already_o by_o his_o valour_n and_o conduct_v end_v the_o war_n of_o germany_n into_o the_o east_n to_o beat_v back_o the_o parthian_n q._n and_o what_o way_n do_v he_o take_v there_o to_o destroy_v he_o a._n he_o confer_v the_o government_n of_o syriâ—_n upon_o piso_n who_o be_v a_o mortal_a enemy_n to_o germanicus_n poison_v he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 772._o q._n be_v it_o not_o discover_v afterward_o that_o he_o be_v pâ—isoned_v a._n yâ—s_o and_o agrippina_n wife_n to_o germanicus_n accuse_v piso_n of_o the_o fact_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a prevent_v his_o condemnation_n by_o a_o voluntary_a death_n q._n when_o do_v tiberius_n give_v the_o full_a stretch_n to_o his_o cruelty_n a._n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o mother_n livia_n which_o happen_v much_o about_o this_o time_n q._n with_o who_o do_v he_o begin_v to_o exercise_v his_o barbarous_a temper_n a._n by_o poison_v drusus_n caesar_n his_o son_n after_o this_o he_o starve_v to_o death_n nero_n and_o dâ—usus_n the_o child_n of_o germanicus_n and_o all_o this_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o great_a favourite_n sejanus_n q._n how_o do_v this_o sejanus_n behave_v himself_o aftâ—r_o he_o become_v so_o absolute_a a._n he_o commit_v a_o thousand_o crime_n and_o his_o insolence_n carry_v he_o so_o far_o as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v emperor_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o tiberius_n be_v only_a prince_n of_o capri_n a_o small_a isle_n near_o naples_n where_o he_o use_v to_o retire_v but_o his_o pride_n do_v not_o last_v long_o q._n what_o accident_n befall_v he_o a._n after_o he_o have_v suffer_v a_o thousand_o indignity_n he_o be_v strangle_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o common_a hangman_n his_o body_n drag_v about_o the_o street_n and_o his_o whole_a family_n execute_v with_o he_o q._n what_o remarkable_a passage_n be_v it_o that_o happen_v between_o tiberius_n and_o the_o astrologer_n thrasillus_n a._n tiberius_n have_v resolve_v one_o day_n to_o throw_v he_o headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n as_o he_o be_v walk_v along_o with_o he_o so_o he_o ask_v he_o if_o he_o know_v what_o sort_n of_o death_n and_o when_o he_o shall_v die_v thrasillus_n answer_v he_o that_o he_o know_v nothing_o precise_o of_o that_o matter_n but_o this_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o that_o he_o be_v never_o in_o so_o great_a danger_n in_o his_o life_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o moment_n q._n do_v not_o this_o answer_n whole_o alter_v tiberius_n resolution_n a._n yes_o he_o save_v he_o and_o after_o this_o repose_v a_o mighty_a confidence_n in_o he_o q._n do_v not_o the_o crucifixion_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n happen_v under_o his_o reign_n a._n it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o â—8_o the_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n q._n do_v not_o tiberius_n propose_v it_o to_o the_o senate_n to_o place_v he_o among_o the_o god_n who_o the_o roman_n worship_v a._n yes_o q._n and_o do_v the_o senate_n give_v their_o consent_n to_o it_o a._n no_o because_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n to_o receive_v any_o foreign_a god_n q._n when_o do_v tiberius_n die_v a._n he_o die_v in_o the_o 77th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o and_o twenty_o year_n six_o month_n q._n be_v not_o caligula_n suppose_v to_o hasten_v his_o death_n a._n yes_o q._n how_o do_v he_o manage_v it_o a._n by_o over-loading_a he_o with_o blanket_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o make_v he_o warm_a q._n where_o be_v tiberius_n at_o that_o time_n a._n he_o be_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o capri_n where_o he_o have_v no_o other_o witness_n of_o his_o lewdness_n than_o those_o who_o have_v their_o share_n in_o the_o same_o crime_n wallow_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o brutal_a lust_n and_o in_o some_o manner_n forget_v he_o be_v emperor_n q._n by_o what_o nickname_n be_v he_o public_o call_v a._n caprinus_fw-la allude_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o capri_n and_o his_o lasciviousness_n q._n what_o remarkable_a curiosity_n have_v he_o in_o that_o island_n a._n he_o have_v chair_n and_o closet_n of_o his_o own_o invention_n to_o exercise_v his_o lewdness_n q._n what_o thing_n be_v far_a observable_a in_o his_o house_n a._n he_o have_v several_a chamber_n furnish_v with_o lascivious_a picture_n and_o statue_n where_o be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o book_n of_o elephantis_n fill_v with_o immodest_a posture_n q._n what_o learned_a man_n flourish_v in_o his_o time_n a._n velleius_n paterculus_n who_o write_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o be_v so_o universal_o admire_v for_o the_o peculiar_a beauty_n of_o his_o character_n valerius_n maximus_n who_o have_v give_v we_o a_o excellent_a collection_n of_o memorable_a story_n digest_v under_o proper_a head_n some_o place_n quintus_n curtius_n the_o writer_n of_o alexander_n life_n under_o his_o reign_n take_v he_o to_o be_v the_o same_o person_n who_o suâ—tonius_n mention_n as_o a_o rhetorician_n and_o tacitus_n as_o proconsul_n of_o afric_n under_o that_o emperor_n but_o other_o make_v he_o contemporary_a to_o vespasian_n and_o some_o to_o have_v live_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o trajan_n q._n what_o remarkable_a thing_n happen_v in_o his_o time_n a._n the_o first_o precedent_n of_o burn_v of_o book_n begin_v under_o he_o for_o cremutius_n cordus_n have_v in_o one_o of_o his_o book_n call_v brutus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o roman_n tiberius_n order_v the_o author_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o his_o book_n to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o forum_n ovid_n too_o die_v in_o his_o exile_n in_o pontus_n in_o this_o emperor_n time_n q._n how_o many_o wife_n have_v tiberius_n a._n two_o agrippina_n the_o daughter_n of_o agrippa_n and_o julia_n the_o daughter_n of_o augustus_n q._n what_o sort_n of_o a_o man_n be_v he_o a._n the_o feature_n of_o his_o face_n be_v regular_a and_o well_o his_o complexion_n white_a but_o pimple_v a_o melancholy_a air_n a_o fierce_a look_v great_a eye_n the_o forepart_n of_o his_o head_n bald_a a_o stink_a breath_n large_a shoulder_n and_o breast_n a_o grave_a gate_n his_o stature_n of_o a_o prodigious_a talness_n caligula_n the_o four_o emperor_n the_o year_n of_o rome_n 777._o of_o the_o birth_n of_o i._n c_o 37._o q._n from_o who_o be_v caligula_n descend_v a._n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o germanicus_n and_o agrippina_n and_o nephew_n to_o tiberius_n q._n where_o be_v he_o bear_v a._n in_o germany_n in_o the_o camp_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o among_o the_o soldier_n who_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o caligula_n q._n for_o what_o reason_n a._n because_o he_o wear_v little_a boot_n after_o the_o soldier_n be_v fashion_n for_o boot_n in_o latin_a be_v call_v caligae_fw-la q._n how_o old_a be_v he_o when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n a._n twenty_o five_o year_n old_a q._n be_v not_o the_o people_n extreme_o please_v at_o his_o elevation_n to_o this_o dignity_n a._n yes_o hope_v he_o inherit_v all_o his_o father_n virtue_n as_o indeed_o he_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o very_o good_a quality_n q._n do_v not_o he_o manage_v himself_o very_o well_o at_o the_o beginning_n a._n he_o express_v so_o much_o tenderness_n and_o moderation_n that_o he_o raise_v the_o expectation_n of_o all_o italy_n all_o those_o person_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o tiberius_n have_v abscond_v now_o leave_v their_o holes_n and_o walk_v abroad_o he_o recall_v those_o that_o be_v banish_v and_o abolish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o impost_n and_o tax_n q._n do_v this_o continue_v long_o a._n
other_o part_n lucretius_n sallust_n and_o catullus_n who_o flourish_v a_o little_a before_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n as_o they_o write_v with_o a_o purity_n equal_a or_o above_o any_o that_o precede_v they_o so_o they_o be_v excel_v by_o few_o that_o follow_v after_o and_o tully_n complain_v that_o much_o of_o the_o force_n and_o spirit_n and_o majesty_n of_o their_o language_n be_v lose_v even_o in_o his_o time_n however_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o most_o hand_n that_o in_o augustus_n time_n it_o arrive_v to_o its_o high_a pitch_n of_o perfection_n and_o purity_n at_o which_o time_n virgil_n horace_n ovid_n tibullus_n propertius_n corn._n gallus_n manilius_n though_o other_o place_v he_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a and_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o more_o corn._n celsus_n the_o physician_n and_o livy_n the_o historian_n flourish_v q._n when_o do_v it_o begin_v to_o decline_v a._n as_o by_o a_o fate_n peculiar_a to_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n nothing_o continue_v long_o in_o the_o same_o state_n but_o must_v either_o advance_v or_o go_v backward_o the_o roman_a language_n begin_v to_o decline_v soon_o after_o augustus_n now_o and_o then_o it_o be_v true_a step_v up_o a_o extraordinary_a genius_n that_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a purity_n as_o for_o instance_n minutius_n faelix_fw-la under_o the_o emperor_n severus_n but_o we_o have_v few_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o first_o hundred_o year_n and_o something_o more_o it_o escape_v tolerable_o well_o but_o soon_o after_o trajan_n time_n we_o find_v it_o be_v strange_o corrupt_v q_o what_o reason_n be_v common_o assign_v for_o the_o decay_n of_o their_o eloquence_n and_o language_n a._n the_o former_a be_v general_o ascribe_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o old_a government_n which_o allow_v a_o great_a latitude_n and_o freedom_n of_o speak_v than_o they_o enjoy_v under_o their_o emperor_n several_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o latter_a as_o first_o their_o affectation_n to_o incorporate_v so_o many_o greek_a word_n and_o phrase_n into_o their_o tongue_n a_o vanity_n complain_v of_o by_o juvenal_n in_o the_o age_n before_o they_o seldom_o use_v they_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o even_o then_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o tully_n example_n they_o write_v they_o in_o greek_a and_o not_o in_o latin_a character_n q._n what_o other_o cause_n be_v assign_v for_o it_o a._n the_o continual_a eruption_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n who_o like_o a_o mighty_a torrent_n sweep_v every_o thing_n before_o they_o such_o prodigious_a swarm_n of_o people_n still_o break_v in_o upon_o they_o can_v not_o but_o occasion_n a_o vast_a alteration_n in_o their_o language_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o introduce_v of_o a_o new_a religion_n viz._n the_o christian_n in_o the_o empire_n the_o professor_n of_o which_o bring_v in_o with_o they_o a_o new_a set_v of_o phrase_n and_o word_n that_o be_v none_o of_o the_o polite_a and_o whole_o unknown_a before_o as_o seem_v always_o to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o they_o deliver_v than_o to_o the_o purity_n of_o their_o diction_n q._n how_o do_v it_o fare_v after_o this_o a._n from_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o 15_o century_n little_a or_o no_o learning_n be_v stir_v in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o monk_n who_o be_v the_o only_a people_n that_o possess_v any_o share_n of_o it_o amuse_v themselves_o in_o the_o study_n of_o school-divinity_n as_o it_o be_v common_o call_v those_o that_o be_v the_o historian_n in_o those_o age_n leave_v nothing_o but_o miserable_a jejune_n relation_n of_o thing_n behind_o they_o lard_v with_o frequent_a miracle_n of_o their_o saint_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o defiance_n of_o eloquence_n as_o well_o as_o of_o good_a sense_n q._n how_o come_v it_o to_o revive_v again_o a._n it_o be_v occasion_v by_o two_o remarkable_a accident_n that_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a space_n of_o one_o another_o the_o first_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o print_v at_o mentz_n in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1440._o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o to_o the_o incredible_a benefit_n of_o the_o learned_a world_n we_o can_v print_v more_o volume_n in_o a_o day_n and_o that_o more_o correct_o than_o the_o ancient_n can_v have_v write_v in_o a_o year_n the_o second_o be_v the_o take_n of_o constantinople_n by_o the_o turk_n about_o twelve_o year_n after_o which_o force_v several_a of_o the_o learned_a greek_n to_o quit_v their_o native_a country_n and_o come_v into_o italy_n where_o they_o be_v force_v to_o teach_v greek_a for_o their_o own_o sustenance_n of_o this_o number_n be_v theodorus_n gaza_n constantinus_n lascharis_n chalcondilas_n chrysoloras_n trapezuntius_fw-la who_o begin_v to_o revive_v the_o study_n of_o that_o language_n which_o for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n have_v be_v perfect_o bury_v q._n what_o person_n of_o note_n encourage_v learn_v at_o that_o time_n a._n pope_n nicholas_n the_o five_o that_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o muse_n and_o restorer_n of_o letter_n employ_v the_o most_o learned_a man_n of_o that_o age_n to_o compare_v and_o revise_v the_o old_a mss._n and_o print_v they_o and_o we_o be_v particular_o oblige_v to_o he_o for_o put_v out_o polybius_n after_o he_o aeneas_n silvius_n alias_o pope_n pius_fw-la the_o second_o who_o be_v himself_o a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n promote_v it_o by_o his_o example_n and_o encouragement_n about_o this_o time_n the_o art_n of_o paint_v which_o have_v be_v total_o lose_v for_o so_o many_o age_n begin_v to_o flourish_v in_o italy_n and_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n arrive_v to_o its_o high_a perfection_n q._n what_o be_v their_o principal_a study_n at_o this_o time_n a._n to_o retrieve_v the_o purity_n of_o the_o latin_a and_o greek_a tongue_n and_o learn_v their_o antiquity_n for_o which_o end_n they_o converse_v with_o their_o polite_a author_n compare_v various_a readins_n turn_v over_o glossary_n and_o old_a scholia_fw-la upon_o ancient_a historian_n orator_n and_o poet_n consult_v old_a inscription_n examine_v old_a statue_n and_o basso_n relievos_n in_o which_o as_o italy_n abound_v above_o all_o other_o country_n of_o europe_n so_o it_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o be_v skilled_a in_o the_o ancient_a habit_n utensil_n sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n than_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o most_o eminent_a man_n for_o this_o sort_n of_o learning_n be_v laurentius_n valla_n pomponius_n laetus_n alexander_n ab_fw-la alexandro_n rodolphus_n agricola_n q_o how_o long_o be_v this_o learning_n confine_v to_o italy_n a._n not_o long_o for_o although_o the_o italian_n have_v the_o honour_n to_o revive_v it_o and_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a progress_n in_o it_o yet_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o 15_o century_n when_o copy_n of_o book_n be_v pretty_a well_o multiply_v by_o printing_n learn_v cross_v the_o alps_n and_o soon_o after_o erasmus_n budaeus_fw-la beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la etc._n etc._n disperse_v that_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n through_o england_n france_n germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n q._n what_o learned_a man_n have_v we_o then_o in_o england_n a._n in_o king_n henry_n the_o viiith_n time_n which_o be_v the_o soon_a that_o we_o come_v acquaint_v with_o the_o bell_n lettre_n in_o england_n we_o have_v a_o admirable_a set_a of_o philologer_n in_o this_o nation_n who_o be_v excellent_a critic_n and_o have_v a_o great_a command_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n sir_n thomas_n more_o cardinal_n pool_n linacer_n collet_n cheek_n ascham_n and_o several_a more_o often_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o erasmus_n epistle_n indeed_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o 16_o century_n a_o remarkable_a turn_n of_o affair_n happen_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o advance_v all_o sort_n of_o learning_n q._n what_o be_v that_o a._n in_o the_o year_n 1519._o luther_n make_v a_o public_a defection_n from_o the_o papal_a authority_n which_o till_o then_o be_v general_o receive_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o examination_n this_o change_n of_o the_o scene_n oblige_v both_o party_n viz._n those_o of_o the_o reformation_n and_o the_o champion_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o prosecute_v their_o study_n in_o the_o learned_a language_n vigorous_o the_o former_a to_o justify_v their_o separation_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o antiquity_n be_v of_o their_o side_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o keep_v their_o ground_n still_o and_o preserve_v the_o remainder_n of_o their_o credit_n and_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n when_o this_o theological_a war_n be_v over_o man_n apply_v themselves_o to_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o learning_n and_o in_o
antiquo_fw-la i._n e._n i_o forbid_v it_o q._n if_o the_o number_n happen_v to_o be_v equal_a how_o do_v they_o then_o a._n the_o sentence_n be_v void_a unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o criminal_n for_o the_o century_n which_o do_v not_o condemn_v be_v suppose_v to_o absolve_v q._n how_o many_o assembly_n do_v they_o keep_v to_o elect_v magistrate_n a._n two_n the_o first_o to_o elect_v who_o will_v you_o have_v say_v he_o who_o preside_v for_o your_o consul_n or_o praetor_n and_o after_o the_o election_n be_v make_v be_v you_o content_v that_o m._n cicero_n and_o m._n anthony_n who_o the_o people_n have_v pitch_v upon_o to_o be_v consul_n shall_v stand_v q._n what_o do_v the_o word_n forum_n signify_v a._n it_o be_v either_o the_o place_n where_o they_o buy_v and_o sell_v or_o signify_v the_o same_o with_o curia_n the_o place_n where_o the_o assembly_n be_v hold_v q._n what_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n rostra_fw-la a._n it_o signify_v the_o tribunal_n from_o whence_o they_o harangued_a the_o people_n q._n why_o be_v it_o so_o call_v a._n because_o it_o be_v former_o adorn_v with_o the_o beak_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o the_o roman_n take_v from_o the_o people_n of_o antium_n of_o their_o gladiator_n q._n at_o who_o expense_n be_v these_o prize_n perform_v a._n sometime_o at_o the_o expense_n of_o private_a person_n who_o to_o make_v themselves_o popular_a exhibit_v these_o show_n and_o because_o they_o be_v free_o bestow_v upon_o the_o people_n to_o who_o by_o a_o public_a bill_n they_o give_v notice_n what_o day_n they_o shall_v be_v fight_v therefore_o they_o be_v frequent_o denote_v by_o the_o latin_a word_n munus_fw-la q._n what_o be_v the_o original_n of_o these_o spectacle_n a._n it_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o common_a practice_n among_o the_o heathen_n at_o the_o burial_n of_o their_o friend_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o shed_n of_o man_n blood_n will_v be_v propitiatory_a to_o the_o soul_n decease_v and_o for_o this_o purpose_n buy_v captive_n and_o slave_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v upon_o these_o occasion_n these_o particular_a kind_n of_o fencer_n be_v call_v bustuarii_fw-la but_o afterward_o these_o spectacle_n be_v play_v not_o only_o at_o tomb_n but_o in_o the_o circus_n and_o amphitheatre_n nay_o the_o humour_n prevail_v so_o far_o at_o last_o that_o they_o be_v give_v as_o legacy_n by_o will_n and_o testament_n to_o the_o people_n q._n when_o they_o meet_v on_o the_o day_n appoint_v what_o weapon_n do_v they_o fight_v with_o a._n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n lusoria_fw-la tela_fw-la with_o which_o they_o only_o show_v feat_n of_o activity_n and_o decretoria_n with_o which_o they_o real_o encounter_v one_o another_o for_o life_n or_o death_n their_o skirmish_v with_o the_o former_a be_v proper_o term_v praeludium_n q._n when_o a_o gladiator_n receive_v a_o dangerous_a wound_n what_o become_v of_o he_o a._n he_o be_v not_o immediate_o discharge_v for_o this_o depend_v upon_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o the_o people_n or_o the_o person_n that_o give_v the_o show_n if_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o make_v he_o continue_v the_o fight_n though_o in_o never_o so_o great_a extremity_n they_o signify_v it_o convertendo_fw-la pollicem_fw-la by_o turn_v up_o the_o thumb_n as_o they_o do_v the_o contrary_a premendo_fw-la pollicem_fw-la by_o turn_v down_o the_o thumb_n this_o discharge_n be_v call_v missio_fw-la q._n what_o reward_n do_v the_o conqueror_n receive_v a._n sometime_o money_n sometime_o a_o garland_n of_o palmtree_n whence_o figurative_o palma_n have_v be_v use_v to_o signify_v the_o victory_n itself_o sometime_o the_o people_n give_v they_o a_o wand_n call_v rudis_fw-la and_o sum_n a_o cap_n or_o pileus_n both_o which_o last_o be_v badge_n or_o token_n of_o liberty_n and_o of_o their_o be_v whole_o discharge_v from_o this_o slavish_a sort_n of_o life_n of_o the_o sibylline_a oracle_n among_o the_o roman_n q._n how_o many_o sibylls_n be_v there_o a._n they_o be_v general_o reckon_v to_o be_v ten._n the_o first_o be_v call_v persica_fw-la the_o second_o lybica_n the_o three_o delphica_n the_o four_o cumaea_n the_o five_o erythraea_n the_o six_o samia_n the_o seven_o cumana_n the_o eight_o hellespontica_n the_o nine_o phrygia_n and_o the_o ten_o tiburtina_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o woman_n very_o famous_a for_o the_o spirit_n of_o prophecy_n q._n where_o be_v their_o book_n keep_v a._n within_o the_o capitol_n under_o ground_n in_o a_o chest_n of_o stone_n where_o they_o continue_v safe_a till_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o capitol_n in_o sylla_n time_n but_o to_o retrieve_v this_o loss_n the_o senate_n dispatch_v envoy_n into_o greece_n and_o asia_n to_o collect_v all_o the_o prophecy_n which_o go_v under_o their_o name_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o that_o certainty_n that_o when_o they_o affirm_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v undoubted_o true_a they_o use_v to_o say_v it_o be_v sibyllae_fw-la folium_fw-la as_o true_a as_o sibyll_n oracle_n q._n do_v not_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n institute_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o priest_n to_o expound_v and_o keep_v their_o oracle_n a._n yâ—s_o who_o be_v at_o first_o from_o their_o number_n call_v duumviri_fw-la afterward_o they_o be_v increase_v to_o ten_o and_o call_v decemviri_fw-la and_o last_o sylla_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v add_v five_o more_o and_o then_o they_o be_v call_v the_o quindecimviri_fw-la these_o oracle_n be_v constant_o consult_v in_o all_o time_n of_o public_a calamity_n and_o exigence_n and_o to_o the_o abovementioned_a priest_n it_o belong_v to_o see_v that_o sacrifice_n supplication_n procession_n expiation_n and_o in_o short_a all_o ceremonial_a rite_n prescribe_v by_o these_o book_n be_v due_o perform_v q._n which_o of_o the_o sibylls_n be_v it_o that_o write_v her_o oracle_n upon_o leave_n of_o tree_n a._n the_o sibylla_n cumaea_n and_o as_o these_o leave_v wâ—re_o frequent_o scatter_v by_o the_o wind_n it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o place_v they_o in_o due_a order_n again_o hence_o arise_v the_o proverb_n laboriâ—sius_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la sibyllae_fw-la folia_fw-la colligere_fw-la q._n be_v sibylla_n a_o proper_a name_n a._n no_o it_o be_v a_o appellation_n common_a to_o all_o woman_n that_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o prophecy_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o in_o the_o aeolic_a dialect_n be_v the_o same_o with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n counsel_n because_o they_o reveal_v the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o god_n to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o sacrifice_n q._n what_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o sacrifice_v a._n first_o the_o priest_n lay_v his_o hand_n on_o the_o altar_n and_o rehearse_v certain_a prayer_n to_o janus_n and_o vâ—sta_n q._n why_o so_o a._n because_o the_o roman_n be_v persuade_v that_o without_o their_o intercession_n they_o can_v not_o have_v access_n to_o the_o other_o god_n his_o prayer_n be_v end_v he_o lay_v upon_o the_o beast_n head_n a_o little_a corn_n together_o with_o a_o cake_n make_v of_o meal_n and_o salt_n call_v in_o latin_a mola_n from_o this_o ceremony_n the_o act_n of_o sacrifice_v have_v be_v term_v immolatio_fw-la q._n what_o do_v he_o do_v after_o this_o a._n he_o drink_v some_o wine_n out_o of_o a_o wooden_a or_o earthen_a chalice_n which_o be_v afterward_o carry_v about_o to_o all_o the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v also_o libare_fw-la or_o gentle_o taste_v of_o it_o this_o rite_n be_v call_v libatio_fw-la q._n proceed_v a._n when_o this_o be_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wine_n with_o frankincense_n mix_v in_o it_o be_v pour_v upon_o the_o beast_n head_n between_o the_o horn_n oâ—e_o cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n macta_fw-la est_fw-la hostia_fw-la i._n e._n magis_fw-la aucta_fw-la and_o then_o they_o immediate_o begin_v to_o kill_v the_o sacrifice_n q._n after_o what_o manner_n be_v this_o do_v a._n first_o the_o priest_n pluck_v off_o some_o of_o the_o hair_n between_o the_o horn_n and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o fire_n then_o turn_v his_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n he_o draw_v a_o long_a crooked_a knife_n upon_o the_o beast_n back_n and_o command_v he_o under_o officer_n or_o popae_n to_o kill_v the_o beast_n q._n be_v the_o stander-by_n idle_a all_o this_o while_n a._n no_o for_o some_o save_v the_o blood_n in_o vessel_n other_o flay_v the_o beast_n and_o other_o wash_v it_o then_o the_o priest_n observe_v the_o entrail_n and_o if_o he_o discover_v no_o ill_a omen_n in_o they_o the_o abovementioned_a popae_n roll_v they_o in_o barley-meal_n and_o send_v they_o in_o basket_n to_o the_o priest_n who_o take_v they_o up_o in_o a_o broad_a platter_n lay_v they_o upon_o the_o altar_n and_o burn_v they_o this_o be_v proper_o call_v litare_fw-la q._n and_o how_o do_v they_o conclude_v a._n after_o the_o portion_n lay_v out_o for_o the_o god_n
be_v burn_v the_o people_n repair_v to_o a_o common_a feast_n where_o as_o they_o be_v eat_v they_o sing_v hymn_n and_o dance_v about_o the_o altar_n of_o their_o marriage_n and_o divorce_n q_o how_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o contract_n a._n for_o the_o great_a security_n they_o write_v down_o the_o form_n of_o the_o contract_n upon_o table_n of_o record_n and_o have_v they_o seal_v by_o some_o witness_n there_o present_a who_o from_o this_o action_n be_v term_v signatores_fw-la but_o first_o they_o consult_v the_o augur_n as_o they_o be_v use_v to_o do_v in_o all_o action_n of_o any_o importance_n q._n why_o do_v the_o woman_n wear_v the_o ring_n which_o the_o man_n in_o token_n of_o his_o affection_n give_v she_o on_o the_o four_o finger_n of_o her_o left_a hand_n a._n because_o they_o suppose_v that_o a_o artery_n from_o the_o heart_n proceed_v to_o that_o finger_n alone_o q._n whence_o be_v the_o word_n nuptiae_fw-la derive_v a._n from_o nubo_fw-la which_o signify_v to_o cover_v for_o the_o custom_n be_v that_o the_o woman_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o her_o husband_n with_o a_o flammeum_fw-la or_o yellow_a veil_n throw_v over_o her_o face_n q._n why_o be_v the_o bride_n by_o a_o seem_a violence_n take_v away_o from_o her_o mother_n or_o next_o relation_n a._n because_o of_o the_o good_a success_n which_o romulus_n and_o his_o follower_n have_v in_o the_o violent_a take_v away_o of_o the_o sabine_a woman_n q._n what_o other_o ceremony_n do_v they_o use_v a._n towards_o night_n the_o woman_n be_v lead_v to_o her_o husband_n house_n whence_o the_o common_a phrase_n vxorem_fw-la ducere_fw-la to_o marry_v a_o wife_n with_o five_o torch_n to_o intimate_v the_o need_n which_o marry_a person_n have_v of_o five_o deity_n viz._n jupiter_n juno_n venus_n suadela_n and_o diana_n who_o be_v oftentimes_o call_v lucina_n q._n what_o be_v these_o torch_n make_v of_o a._n of_o a_o pitchy_a liquor_n that_o issue_v from_o a_o tree_n call_v teda_n hence_o the_o poet_n figurative_o call_v both_o the_o torch_n and_o the_o wedding_n itself_o tedas_n q._n when_o the_o woman_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o door_n what_o do_v she_o then_o a._n she_o anoint_v the_o post_n of_o the_o door_n with_o oil_n from_o which_o ceremony_n a_o wife_n be_v call_v vxor_fw-la quasi_fw-la unxor_fw-la then_o the_o brideman_n lift_v she_o over_o the_o threshold_n and_o so_o carry_v she_o in_o by_o a_o seem_a force_n q._n why_o so_o a._n because_o she_o can_v not_o in_o modesty_n seem_v to_o go_v without_o violence_n into_o that_o place_n where_o she_o be_v to_o resign_v her_o virginity_n q._n as_o she_o be_v carry_v in_o what_o be_v it_o the_o company_n cry_v aloud_o a._n they_o cry_v talassio_n talassio_n as_o the_o greek_n do_v hymen_n hymenaee_fw-la for_o which_o this_o reason_n be_v allege_v that_o at_o the_o rape_n of_o the_o sabine_a woman_n some_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_n carry_v away_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a woman_n certain_a citizen_n will_v have_v take_v she_o from_o they_o which_o to_o prevent_v they_o pretend_v that_o they_o carry_v she_o to_o one_o talassius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o so_o bring_v their_o prey_n off_o the_o other_o accompany_v she_o and_o often_o cry_v talassio_n talassio_n q._n what_o follow_v after_o this_o a._n be_v thus_o bring_v home_o she_o receive_v the_o key_n of_o her_o husband_n house_n to_o denote_v that_o the_o custody_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o it_o be_v commit_v to_o her_o care_n q._n how_o be_v the_o marriagebed_n style_v a._n genialis_fw-la lectus_fw-la and_o sometime_o lectus_fw-la adversus_fw-la quòd_fw-la eum_fw-la in_o atrio_fw-la collocari_fw-la januae_fw-la ex_fw-la adverso_fw-la mos_fw-la fuit_fw-la that_o be_v because_o they_o place_v it_o in_o the_o court_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o gate_n q._n what_o ceremony_n do_v they_o use_v the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o marriage_n a._n they_o give_v a_o solemn_a entertainment_n where_o the_o relation_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o marry_a couple_n meet_v to_o make_v merry_a this_o feast_n they_o call_v repotia_fw-la q._n how_o many_o sort_n of_o divorce_n have_v they_o a._n two_o one_o between_o party_n only_o contract_v the_o second_o between_o marry_a people_n the_o first_o be_v proper_o call_v repudium_fw-la in_o which_o the_o party_n sue_v for_o a_o divorce_n use_v this_o form_n conditione_n tuâ_fw-la non_fw-la utar_fw-la the_o other_o be_v call_v divortium_fw-la and_o the_o party_n that_o desire_v it_o use_v these_o word_n res_fw-la tuas_fw-la tibi_fw-la habeto_fw-la or_o res_fw-la tuas_fw-la tibi_fw-la agite_fw-la q._n what_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o phrase_n mittere_fw-la or_o remittere_fw-la nuncium_fw-la a._n because_o in_o these_o divorce_n they_o usual_o send_v their_o wife_n a_o paper_n contain_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o separation_n per_fw-la nuncium_fw-la by_o a_o messenger_n q._n what_o formality_n be_v use_v in_o a_o divorce_n a._n the_o ceremony_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o observe_v in_o marriage_n for_o after_o the_o censor_n be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o just_a cause_n of_o the_o divorce_n the_o marriage-table_n be_v break_v the_o dowry_n restore_v the_o key_n of_o the_o house_n take_v from_o the_o woman_n and_o she_o turn_v out_o of_o door_n of_o other_o roman_a custom_n and_o antiquity_n q._n what_o ceremony_n do_v the_o roman_n use_v in_o the_o build_n and_o raze_n of_o city_n a._n in_o the_o build_n of_o city_n the_o founder_n general_o make_v their_o augural_a observation_n which_o be_v end_v they_o mark_v out_o the_o place_n where_o the_o wall_n be_v to_o be_v build_v by_o plough_v up_o the_o ground_n where_o they_o design_v the_o city_n gate_n to_o be_v they_o gentle_o carry_v the_o plough_n over_o it_o whence_o a_o gate_n be_v call_v porta_n à _fw-la portando_fw-la the_o like_a ceremony_n of_o plough_v be_v use_v in_o the_o demolish_n of_o city_n q._n what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o ara_n and_o altar_n a._n the_o ara_n be_v make_v foursquare_n and_o cover_v with_o turf_n not_o very_o high_a from_o the_o ground_n or_o as_o some_o say_v close_o to_o it_o and_o upon_o this_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a go_n the_o altar_n be_v lift_v somewhat_o high_a from_o the_o ground_n and_o upon_o this_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o the_o celestial_a god_n only_o q._n what_o be_v the_o scrobiculus_n a._n a_o furrow_n or_o pit_n contain_v a_o altar_n in_o it_o into_o which_o they_o pour_v down_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o beast_n slay_v together_o with_o milk_n honey_n and_o wine_n when_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o a_o infernal_a deity_n q._n what_o be_v the_o focus_n a._n in_o strict_a propriety_n of_o speech_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o altar_n on_o which_o they_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o domestic_a god_n such_o as_o be_v their_o penates_n or_o lares_fw-la whence_o arise_v the_o proverb_n pro_fw-la aris_fw-la &_o focis_fw-la certare_fw-la to_o fight_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o one_o religion_n and_o country_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o militare_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la or_o oath_n administer_v to_o the_o roman_a soldier_n q._n who_o be_v the_o dii_fw-la majorum_fw-la gentium_fw-la a._n god_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o quality_n who_o ennius_n have_v thus_o comprise_v in_o a_o distich_n juno_n vesta_n minerva_n ceres_n diana_n venus_n mars_n mercurius_n jovis_fw-la neptunus_n vulcanus_n apollo_n they_o be_v likewise_o call_v dii_fw-la consentes_fw-la quasi_fw-la consentientes_fw-la because_o jupiter_n will_v do_v nothing_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o q._n how_o be_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o god_n name_v a._n they_o be_v call_v semidei_fw-la or_o demigod_n also_o indigetes_n i._n e._n god_n adopt_v or_o canonize_v man_n deify_v and_o divi._n this_o last_o title_n they_o bestow_v upon_o their_o emperor_n because_o for_o their_o merit_n they_o think_v they_o worthy_a to_o be_v go_n q._n what_o be_v the_o dii_fw-la patrii_fw-la or_o tutelares_fw-la a._n such_o as_o have_v undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o any_o city_n or_o place_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o besiege_v any_o town_n use_v by_o certain_a charm_n to_o call_v out_o their_o tutelar_a god_n because_o they_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o take_v the_o city_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o it_o or_o at_o least_o suppose_v it_o a_o crime_n to_o make_v the_o god_n prisoner_n q._n what_o be_v the_o genii_n a._n they_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a essence_n between_o god_n and_o man_n and_o every_o man_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v bear_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v invisible_o accompany_v by_o a_o good_a and_o evil_a genius_n or_o angel_n q._n what_o be_v man_n use_v to_o write_v upon_o before_o the_o invention_n of_o paper_n a._n they_o sometime_o write_v upon_o the_o inward_a rind_n of_o tree_n call_v in_o latin_a libri_fw-la whence_o we_o still_o call_v our_o book_n libri_fw-la