a_o hundred_o idle_a story_n of_o this_o dragon_n and_o this_o bridge_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o not_o become_a this_o relation_n this_o palace_n take_v up_o in_o length_n two_o furlong_n of_o china_n or_o half_o a_o italian_a mile_n the_o second_o be_v call_v hien_n yam_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o rise_n sun._n a_o structure_n beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a for_o the_o architecture_n and_o environ_v with_o nine_o very_a high_a tower_n all_o of_o different_a workmanship_n these_o nine_o tower_n signify_v the_o first_o nine_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v very_o great_a holiday_n especial_o the_o nine_o among_o the_o chinese_n they_o marry_v their_o child_n during_o these_o holiday_n and_o among_o the_o several_a dish_n of_o the_o feast_n they_o never_o fail_v of_o one_o which_o represent_v the_o tower_n with_o nine_o story_n every_o one_o of_o which_o answer_v to_o one_o of_o the_o nine_o day_n for_o say_v they_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o include_v within_o itself_o those_o property_n which_o make_v it_o more_o excellent_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o number_n and_o render_v it_o fortunate_a by_o the_o augmentation_n of_o life_n honour_n and_o riches_n for_o this_o reason_n all_o the_o chineses_n rich_a and_o poor_a get_v up_o that_o day_n upon_o terrace_n and_o tower_n in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o the_o country_n upon_o mountain_n and_o hill_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o dam_n and_o other_o high_a raise_v place_n where_o they_o feast_v with_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n but_o in_o regard_n the_o king_n of_o china_n seldom_o go_v out_o of_o their_o palace_n they_o cause_v these_o nine_o tower_n to_o be_v build_v that_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o they_o they_o may_v celebrate_v this_o festival_n so_o general_o solemnize_v over_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o three_o palace_n be_v call_v van_n xeu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o life_n now_o you_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o year_n ago_o king_n kia_n cim_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o king_n neat_a and_o precious_a begin_v his_o reign_n this_o prince_n maintain_v peace_n and_o justice_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o in_o regard_n he_o be_v flexible_a and_o superstitious_a one_o of_o the_o marry_a bonze_n beguile_v his_o credulity_n and_o make_v he_o believe_v that_o he_o will_v so_o order_v it_o that_o he_o shall_v live_v eternal_o or_o at_o least_o for_o several_a age_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o chemistry_n to_o bring_v this_o to_o pass_v he_o advise_v he_o to_o build_v this_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v it_o be_v very_o true_a it_o be_v less_o than_o the_o rest_n but_o what_o it_o want_v in_o bigness_n it_o have_v in_o beauty_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n with_o battlement_n and_o perfect_o round_a all_o the_o hall_n and_o chamber_n a_o so_o be_v round_o hexagon_n or_o octagon_n and_o the_o architecture_n be_v most_o beautiful_a and_o magnificent_a hither_o than_o the_o king_n retire_v to_o distil_v the_o water_n of_o immortality_n but_o his_o toil_n and_o pain_n be_v recompense_v with_o a_o success_n quite_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n for_o that_o instead_o of_o prolong_v they_o shorten_v his_o life_n for_o the_o fire_n in_o the_o furnace_n have_v dry_v up_o his_o bowel_n he_o fall_v sick_a in_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n after_o and_o die_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v five_o and_o forty_o year_n the_o emperor_n van_n lie_v his_o grandchild_n reign_v eight_o and_o forty_o and_o both_o their_o reign_n be_v remarkable_a as_o well_o for_o the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n which_o the_o people_n enjoy_v all_o that_o time_n as_o for_o that_o the_o apostle_n of_o the_o indian_n the_o holy_a francis_n xavier_n arrive_v in_o china_n and_o die_v upon_o the_o frontier_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o kia_n cim_o a_o little_a before_o the_o portuguese_n build_v the_o city_n of_o macao_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n van_fw-mi lie_v the_o famous_a father_n matthew_n ricci_n so_o universal_o esteem_v to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o chivese_n for_o his_o learning_n and_o his_o virtue_n first_o set_v foot_v in_o the_o empire_n the_o four_o be_v call_v cim_o hiu_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o perfect_a purity_n and_o be_v build_v upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o moon_n be_v solemnize_v by_o the_o chinese_n with_o great_a feast_n and_o rejoice_v for_o from_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o rise_v of_o the_o moon_n till_o midnight_n they_o be_v all_o abroad_o with_o their_o friend_n and_o kindred_n in_o the_o street_n in_o the_o piazza_n in_o their_o garden_n and_o upon_o the_o terrace_n feast_v and_o watch_v to_o see_v the_o hare_n which_o that_o night_n appear_v in_o the_o moon_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o precede_a day_n they_o send_v to_o one_o another_o present_n of_o little_a loaf_n and_o sugar-cake_n which_o they_o call_v you_o pim_n or_o moon-cake_n they_o be_v round_o but_o the_o big_a which_o be_v about_o two_o hand_n breadth_n in_o diameter_n and_o represent_v the_o full_a moon_n have_v every_o one_o a_o hare_n in_o the_o middle_n make_v of_o a_o past_a of_o walnut_n almond_n pine-apple-kernel_n and_o other_o indgredient_n these_o they_o eat_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o rich_a sort_n have_v their_o music_n also_o play_v about_o they_o which_o be_v very_o good_a but_o the_o poor_a in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o rude_a noise_n of_o drum_n fife_n and_o basin_n loud_o knock_v upon_o with_o stick_n and_o for_o the_o solemnize_n of_o this_o feast_n it_o be_v that_o the_o ancient_a king_n erect_v this_o palace_n not_o very_o big_a but_o wonderful_o delightful_a more_o especial_o for_o its_o situation_n upon_o a_o mountain_n make_v by_o hand_n which_o be_v call_v tulh_n xan_n or_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o hare_n our_o european_n perhaps_o will_v laugh_v at_o the_o chinese_n for_o imagine_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v a_o hare_n but_o beside_o that_o among_o we_o the_o people_n be_v no_o less_o fond_a of_o many_o idle_a opinion_n no_o less_o ridiculous_a let_v i_o tell_v our_o european_n that_o the_o chineses_n laugh_v as_o much_o at_o we_o when_o they_o find_v in_o our_o book_n that_o we_o paint_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o humane_a face_n the_o five_o palace_n be_v call_v y_o tai_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o flourish_a tower._n it_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o lake_n among_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tree_n which_o afford_v both_o shade_n and_o coolness_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n make_v it_o his_o chief_a residence_n during_o the_o excessive_a heat_n which_o the_o want_n of_o cool_a breeze_n render_v almost_o insupportable_a the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n be_v equal_o subject_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o six_o be_v call_v van_n you_o tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o ten_o thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n and_o serve_v for_o the_o king_n to_o repose_v in_o when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o delight_v himself_o by_o water_n in_o his_o pleasure_n boat_n which_o be_v make_v either_o to_o sail_v or_o row_n all_o very_a lovely_a and_o very_o rich_o adorn_v there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v make_v like_o one_o of_o our_o brigandine_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n which_o please_v the_o emperor_n extreme_o and_o wherein_o he_o always_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o behold_v the_o sea_n fight_v which_o be_v many_o time_n represent_v upon_o the_o lake_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o great_a platform_n encompass_v with_o a_o square_a of_o high_a wall_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o be_v a_o beautiful_a palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o tiger_n the_o royal_a hall_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v round_o very_o high_a and_o majestic_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o it_o appear_v two_o cupola_n of_n of_o brass_n guild_v one_o above_o another_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o lance_n the_o one_o very_o large_a the_o other_o less_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o great_a gourd_n which_o together_o with_o the_o roof_n cover_v over_o with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o azure_a and_o embellish_v with_o flower_n grotesco_n bordering_n and_o other_o ornament_n yield_v a_o very_a pleasant_a prospect_n from_o this_o hall_n and_o the_o balcony_n belong_v to_o it_o the_o king_n delight_v himself_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o beast_n that_o be_v bread_n in_o the_o enclosure_n as_o tiger_n bear_n leopard_n wolf_n monkey_n of_o several_a sort_n musc-cat_n and_o several_a other_o kind_n and_o with_o
by_o reason_n of_o its_o antiquity_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o neither_o the_o portuguese_n nor_o castillian_n have_v in_o all_o their_o voyage_n make_v a_o more_o considerable_a discovery_n the_o annal_n of_o the_o chaldean_n and_o egyptian_n may_v perhaps_o have_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o those_o of_o china_n and_o perhaps_o those_o of_o the_o tyrian_n also_o and_o some_o other_o oriental_a nation_n of_o which_o josephus_n make_v mention_v but_o they_o be_v lose_v a_o long_a time_n ago_o as_o well_o as_o the_o history_n of_o berosus_n the_o chaldean_a and_o manathon_n the_o egyptian_a of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o more_o than_o only_a some_o few_o fragment_n of_o little_a or_o no_o use_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v leave_v we_o nothing_o of_o certainty_n before_o herodotus_n for_o that_o reason_n call_v the_o father_n of_o historian_n who_o nevertheless_o do_v not_o write_v till_o about_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ._n and_o if_o we_o go_v back_o to_o the_o original_a of_o the_o olympiad_n they_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o about_o seven_o hundred_o seventy_o seven_o year_n before_o christ._n but_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o cronology_n begin_v two_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o four_o score_n and_o seventeen_o year_n before_o christ_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi and_o two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o those_o that_o stick_v to_o the_o second_o opinion_n and_o acknowledge_v foyes_n high_a for_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o though_o we_o shall_v rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o three_o opinion_n which_o make_v yao_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o china_n their_o chronology_n will_v begin_v two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o year_n before_o christ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v fifteen_o hundred_o sixty_o nine_o year_n before_o the_o first_o olympiad_n and_o indeed_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o man_n shall_v refuse_v to_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o chronology_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v well_o pursue_v and_o well_o circumstance_v that_o it_o be_v less_o fabulous_a than_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o roman_a history_n and_o for_o that_o there_o be_v set_v down_o therein_o several_a eclipse_n and_o other_o astronomical_a observation_n which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a astronomer_n in_o these_o latter_a age_n as_o i_o have_v see_v in_o some_o manuscript_n write_v upon_o this_o subject_a to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chinese_n history_n have_v be_v write_v by_o author_n that_o live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o for_o example_n the_o act_n of_o king_n yao_n be_v write_v by_o the_o secretary_n of_o xun_n his_o successor_n the_o history_n of_o xun_n and_o his_o successor_n thou_o be_v compile_v by_o author_n then_o live_v and_o be_v contain_v together_o with_o that_o of_o king_n yao_n in_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a book_n among_o the_o chinese_n call_v xu_o kin._n it_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o which_o the_o four_o last_o contain_v one_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o imperial_a family_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v either_o of_o the_o antiquity_n or_o truth_n of_o the_o two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o book_n xu_o kin_n see_v that_o confucius_n who_o live_v five_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n before_o christ_n so_o often_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o and_o have_v collect_v with_o great_a industry_n several_a authentic_a piece_n that_o contain_v several_a particular_n of_o the_o life_n and_o government_n of_o the_o first_o king_n another_o philosopher_n call_v lao_n kiun_n confucius_n confucius_n be_v contemporary_a as_o also_o another_o author_n more_o ancient_a than_o he_o by_o two_o hundred_o year_n who_o name_n be_v tai_n sum_o lum_n often_o quote_v these_o ancient_a history_n confucius_n also_o write_v himself_o a_o history_n of_o several_a war_n of_o china_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o forty_o and_o one_o year_n which_o he_o begin_v at_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n pim_n â—…am_n the_o thirteen_o prince_n of_o the_o three_o family_n call_v cheâ—…_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 722_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n since_o which_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o historian_n in_o every_o age_n which_o the_o chineses_n still_o preserve_v and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v compile_v general_a history_n of_o which_o there_o be_v one_o of_o several_a chinese_n volume_n in_o the_o king_n library_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o chronology_n be_v confirm_v by_o many_o circumstance_n conformable_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o history_n as_o for_o example_n the_o long_a life_n of_o their_o first_o king_n like_v to_o that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n thus_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o foe_n hi_o reign_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n xin_o nun_n his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o hoam_n ti_fw-mi live_v a_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o year_n xao_n hao_v that_o succeed_v he_o a_o reign_v a_o hundred_o ti_fw-mi co_fw-la a_o hundred_o and_o five_o yao_n a_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o xun_v his_o successor_n a_o hundred_o and_o ten_o thou_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o who_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o emperor_n we_o find_v also_o that_o fohi_a begin_v to_o reign_v in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o most_o westerly_a part_n of_o all_o china_n which_o show_v that_o either_o he_o or_o his_o father_n come_v from_o the_o west_n where_o noah_n and_o his_o child_n remain_v after_o the_o deluge_n that_o his_o kingdom_n be_v but_o of_o a_o narrow_a extent_n and_o the_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o small_a so_o that_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v rather_o the_o potent_a father_n of_o a_o family_n like_o abraham_n than_o a_o king_n or_o a_o emperor_n that_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n live_v upon_o herb_n and_o wild_a fruit_n drink_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n and_o clothe_v themselves_o with_o their_o skin_n that_o his_o successor_n xin_a nun_n avent_v the_o art_n of_o tillage_n and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a circumstance_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o passage_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o china_n by_o martini_n in_o the_o chronology_n and_o preface_n of_o f._n couplet_n print_v at_o paris_n with_o thou_fw-mi work_n of_o confucius_n and_o in_o several_a part_n of_o our_o author_n chief_o in_o the_o five_o and_o six_o chapter_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o this_o chronology_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n of_o the_o bible_n but_o beside_o that_o god_n have_v not_o vouchsafe_v we_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o make_v we_o learned_a but_o virtuous_a and_o so_o there_o may_v have_v happen_v some_o omission_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o date_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o question_n about_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o deludge_n be_v not_o yet_o decide_v that_o their_o chronology_n agree_v with_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o septuagint_n which_o be_v authentic_a and_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o the_o vulgar_a but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o place_n to_o enlarge_v upon_o this_o subject_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o know_v more_o may_v consult_v the_o book_n which_o father_n pezeron_n a_o barnardine_n have_v new_o print_v upon_o this_o subject_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o father_n have_v by_o agreement_n juggle_v up_o this_o chronology_n for_o we_o find_v they_o have_v speak_v truth_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o relation_n that_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o correct_v one_o another_o when_o they_o be_v mistake_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o our_o author_n in_o several_a place_n that_o the_o jacobin_n augustinian_n and_o franciscan_n who_o have_v have_v several_a quarrel_n with_o the_o jesuit_n in_o reference_n to_o their_o mission_n agree_v with_o they_o in_o this_o particular_a and_o never_o accuse_v they_o to_o have_v err_v in_o their_o chronology_n and_o last_o that_o the_o hollander_n who_o have_v send_v several_a embassy_n into_o china_n and_o who_o have_v several_a thousand_o of_o chinese_n at_o batavia_n never_o reprove_v the_o jesuit_n for_o any_o mistake_n upon_o this_o occasion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o put_v a_o great_a value_n upon_o martini_n work_n which_o be_v print_v in_o holland_n as_o also_o china_n illustrate_v by_o f._n kirker_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o letter_n and_o language_n of_o china_n although_o the_o egyptian_n vaunt_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o make_v use_n of_o letter_n and_o
to_o suffer_v whatever_o thy_o divine_a justice_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o ordain_v he_o have_v scarce_o conclude_v this_o prayer_n before_o the_o sky_n be_v all_o overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o pour_v down_o rain_n in_o such_o abundance_n that_o it_o suffice_v to_o water_n â—…ll_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o pristine_a fertility_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o when_o the_o chineses_n make_v any_o scruple_n about_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n we_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o by_o this_o example_n tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n cover_v himself_o with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o lamb_n and_o offer_v himself_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o thereby_o do_v nothing_o lessen_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o dignity_n so_o likewise_o though_o god_n be_v please_v to_o clothe_v himself_o with_o the_o homely_a cover_v of_o our_o humanity_n and_o be_v offer_v up_o as_o a_o lamb_n in_o sacrifice_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n he_o have_v no_o way_n lessen_v but_o rather_o exalt_v his_o almighty_a power_n his_o infinite_a mercy_n and_o goodness_n and_o have_v thereby_o make_v it_o so_o much_o the_o more_o clear_o appear_v that_o he_o be_v infinite_o above_o this_o king_n who_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o man_n and_o a_o mere_a creature_n the_o chineses_n present_o submit_v to_o this_o argument_n as_o well_o because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o be_v rational_a and_o convince_v as_o also_o for_o that_o they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v to_o hear_v that_o we_o make_v use_v of_o their_o history_n and_o example_n to_o prove_v the_o verity_n of_o our_o religion_n this_o emperor_n have_v for_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n a_o holy_a and_o famous_a learned_a person_n who_o live_v several_a year_n hide_v up_o in_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o wild_a beast_n because_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o tyrant_n kie_fw-mi the_o offspring_n also_o of_o this_o emperor_n chim_z tamburlaine_n reign_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n till_o the_o rule_n of_o king_n cheu_n who_o be_v no_o less_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a then_o kie_fw-mi so_o that_o when_o the_o chineses_n call_v a_o prince_n a_o kie_fw-mi or_o a_o cheu_n it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o when_o we_o call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o nero_n or_o a_o diocâ—…esian_n the_o five_o emperor_n call_v vù_n uâm_n be_v the_o son_n of_o venus_n uâm_n king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o châ—…un_n which_o be_v now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la who_o not_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o wickedness_n and_o tyranny_n of_o king_n cheu_n set_v upon_o he_o vanquish_v he_o in_o battle_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n have_v a_o brother_n high_o esteem_v for_o his_o prudence_n and_o other_o virtue_n who_o he_o make_v king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n now_o a_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xamn_n tumm_n and_o of_o who_o he_o make_v choice_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o elder_a son._n he_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o above_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o year_n ago_o first_o â—…ound_v out_o the_o use_n of_o the_o needle_n and_o compass_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o nephew_n have_v receive_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o embassy_n and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o tribute_n from_o a_o country_n call_v tum_o xim_o and_o cochin_n china_n or_o kiao_n chi_fw-mi que_fw-fr and_o all_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o his_o protector_n the_o same_o governor_n present_v the_o ambassador_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o compass_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o which_o they_o may_v return_v the_o near_a way_n home_o without_o expose_v themselves_o to_o the_o toil_n and_o hardship_n of_o of_o those_o â—…ound_n about_o wind_n and_o wander_n through_o which_o they_o have_v labour_v in_o come_v to_o court._n so_o that_o this_o prince_n be_v one_o of_o the_o hero_n and_o saint_n of_o the_o chinese_n who_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o his_o memory_n now_o when_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uâm_n return_v in_o triumph_n from_o the_o battle_n wherein_o the_o tyrant_n cheu_n have_v be_v defeat_v his_o two_o brother_n pe_fw-la y_fw-fr and_o xeo_fw-la cî_fw-la famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n and_o nobility_n meet_v he_o upon_o his_o march_n and_o after_o they_o hâ—…d_v stop_v he_o by_o take_v his_o horse_n by_o the_o bridle_n they_o bold_o and_o in_o very_o sharp_a and_o severe_a language_n reprove_v he_o for_o have_v seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n and_o force_v the_o emperor_n to_o burn_v himself_o in_o his_o palace_n together_o with_o all_o his_o treasure_n that_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v so_o vicious_a and_o so_o cruel_a yet_o he_o be_v both_o his_o lord_n and_o prince_n ordain_v by_o heaven_n that_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o amendment_n like_o a_o good_a subject_n not_o like_o a_o traitor_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n and_o last_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o surrender_v the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v push_v forward_o by_o any_o motive_n of_o ambition_n but_o only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o deliver_v the_o title_n from_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n but_o when_o the_o two_o brother_n sound_v that_o he_o will_v not_o follow_v their_o counsel_n they_o retire_v to_o a_o desert_n mountain_n protest_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o die_v in_o that_o manner_n then_o eat_v of_o the_o product_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o vù_n uâm_n have_v â—…usurped_v for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v think_v in_o some_o measure_n to_o approve_v his_o treason_n and_o revolt_n the_o history_n of_o these_o five_o king_n which_o the_o chineses_n look_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o saint_n especial_o the_o four_o first_o and_o their_o offspring_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o first_o book_n which_o be_v in_o as_o great_a reputation_n among_o these_o infidel_n as_o the_o book_n of_o the_o king_n among_o we_o christian_n the_o style_n of_o it_o be_v very_o ancient_a but_o very_o exact_a and_o elegant_a vice_n be_v there_o blame_v and_o virtue_n applaud_v and_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o subject_n relate_v with_o a_o entire_a sincerity_n and_o to_o the_o end_n the_o more_o curious_a reader_n may_v see_v the_o energy_n and_o briefness_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o letter_n which_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o use_n i_o will_v here_o set_v down_o five_o word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n already_o mention_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o king_n yáo_o kin_n mîm_n vén_n su_n gamn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v king_n yao_n be_v great_a and_o venerable_a he_o be_v most_o perspicacious_a and_o prudent_a he_o be_v very_o compose_v modest_a and_o courteous_a he_o appear_v always_o pensive_a and_o studious_a search_v continual_o after_o the_o best_a mean_n how_o to_o govern_v his_o people_n and_o empire_n and_o therefore_o he_o live_v all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o comfort_n quiet_n and_o repose_v the_o second_o book_n be_v call_v li_n ki_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n this_o contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o book_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o the_o emperor_n vù_fw-fr uà m_fw-la of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o he_o be_v call_v chéu_n cumm_n and_o be_v equal_o venerable_a as_o well_o for_o his_o virtue_n as_o for_o his_o prudence_n learning_n and_o good_a conduct_n this_o volume_n contain_v the_o work_n of_o several_a other_o author_n also_o the_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o other_o interpreter_n more_o modern_a and_o more_o suspect_v which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o circumspection_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n therein_o contain_v which_o be_v account_v fabulous_a the_o three_o volume_n be_v call_v xi_o kimm_n contain_v verse_n romance_n and_o poem_n all_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o sort_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v ya_fw-mi sum_n or_o panegyric_n and_o encomium_n sing_v in_o honour_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o virtue_n or_o their_o endowment_n there_o be_v also_o several_a gnomonics_n or_o verse_n contain_v precept_n which_o be_v sing_v at_o their_o funeral_n their_o sacrifice_n the_o ceremony_n which_o the_o chineses_n perform_v in_o honour_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o at_o their_o most_o solemn_a festival_n the_o second_o be_v call_v queen_n fumm_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v romance_n or_o poem_n choose_v out_o among_o those_o which_o be_v make_v by_o private_a person_n they_o be_v never_o sing_v but_o
only_o rehearse_v before_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o minister_n of_o state._n therein_o be_v describe_v without_o any_o dissimulation_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n how_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v and_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o ancient_a comedy_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o spare_v neither_o the_o vice_n of_o private_a man_n nor_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v call_v pi_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v comparison_n for_o that_o all_o which_o be_v therein_o contain_v be_v explain_v by_o comâ—…arisons_n or_o similitude_n the_o four_o sort_n be_v call_v he_o que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o raise_v or_o exalt_v because_o this_o sort_n of_o poetry_n begin_v with_o something_o that_o be_v curious_a and_o lofty_a to_o prepare_v and_o raise_v attention_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v the_o five_o sort_n be_v call_v you_o xi_o that_o be_v to_o say_v poesy_n reject_v or_o separate_v â—…ecause_n that_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la have_v review_v this_o volume_n of_o poem_n reject_v those_o which_o he_o either_o mislike_v or_o think_v to_o be_v fabulous_a however_o they_o be_v still_o quote_v and_o left_a as_o they_o be_v the_o four_o volume_n be_v compose_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lù_n his_o native_a country_n at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o xan_n â—…um_fw-la the_o chineses_n put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o this_o book_n and_o be_v all_o in_o ecstasy_n when_o they_o read_v it_o he_o write_v this_o history_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n transaction_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o annal_n where_o he_o expose_v as_o in_o a_o mirror_n the_o example_n of_o prince_n both_o virtuous_a and_o wicked_a refer_v the_o â—…ents_n to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o they_o happen_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v to_o his_o book_n the_o title_n of_o chun_n cieâ—…_n or_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o five_o volume_n be_v call_v you_o kim_v and_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o foe_n hi_o their_o first_o king_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o book_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v read_v and_o esteem_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o noble_a sentence_n and_o precept_n of_o morality_n which_o it_o contain_v i_o believe_v true_o that_o the_o good_a maxim_n which_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o volume_n may_v be_v write_v by_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v add_v by_o other_o who_o be_v desirous_a to_o give_v reputation_n to_o their_o vision_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o famous_a prince_n nevertheless_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v a_o extraordinary_a veneration_n for_o this_o book_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o profound_a the_o most_o learned_a and_o mysterious_a of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o and_o that_o stranger_n ought_v neither_o to_o see_v or_o touch_v it_o the_o chineses_n have_v also_o another_o volume_n of_o equal_a authority_n with_o those_o beforementioned_a which_o they_o call_v sù_n xu_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o four_o book_n by_o way_n of_o excellency_n this_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o extract_n or_o abridgement_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o very_a marrow_n and_o quintessence_n of_o the_o former_a five_o the_o mandarinsâ—…ull_a â—…ull_z out_o from_o thence_o the_o sentence_n and_o text_n which_o they_o propose_v for_o theme_n to_o the_o learned_a that_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o bachelor_n licentiate_n and_o doctor_n and_o upon_o which_o those_o person_n write_v and_o comment_n for_o their_o reputation_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o their_o virtue_n the_o second_o discourse_n of_o the_o golden_a mean._n the_o three_o contain_v a_o great_a number_n of_o moral_a sentence_n well_o express_v solid_a and_o profitable_a to_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o state._n these_o three_o part_n be_v write_v by_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la the_o first_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o be_v publish_v by_o his_o disciple_n the_o four_o part_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o the_o other_o three_o be_v write_v by_o the_o philosopher_n men_n sum_o who_o be_v bear_v about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la and_o be_v honour_v by_o the_o chinese_n as_o a_o doctor_n of_o the_o second_o order_n this_o be_v a_o work_n wherein_o there_o appear_v a_o wonderful_a deal_n of_o wit_n subtlety_n and_o eloquence_n the_o discourse_n be_v pertinent_a the_o sentence_n grave_a and_o moral_a and_o the_o style_v lively_a bold_a and_o persuasive_a all_o the_o missionary_n of_o our_o society_n in_o these_o part_n very_o industrious_o study_v the_o letter_n and_o the_o language_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o this_o book_n and_o from_o thence_o and_o out_o of_o the_o former_a five_o it_o be_v that_o so_o many_o treatise_n and_o commentary_n of_o various_a author_n as_o well_o ancient_a as_o modern_a of_o which_o the_o number_n be_v almost_o infinite_a and_o give_v we_o occasion_n to_o commend_v and_o admire_v the_o wit_n the_o industry_n and_o eloquence_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v derive_v as_o from_o so_o many_o spring_n and_o fountain_n note_n upon_o the_o five_o chapter_n a._n p._n 96._o the_o subject_a or_o ground_n of_o this_o book_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o table_n of_o sixty_o four_o figure_n every_o one_o consist_v of_o six_o line_n which_o be_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n as_o thus_o other_o of_o two_o part_n as_o thus_o the_o chineses_n attribute_v the_o write_n of_o this_o table_n to_o their_o first_o king_n foyes_n hi_o but_o no_o body_n can_v divine_v what_o be_v the_o design_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o author_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n prince_n venus_n uam_fw-la father_n of_o the_o emperor_n vu_fw-fr uam_n founder_n of_o the_o three_o royal_a family_n and_o his_o second_o son_n cheu_n cum_fw-la undertake_v to_o interpret_v this_o enigmatical_a table_n and_o that_o five_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o the_o philosopher_n cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la make_v commentary_n upon_o the_o interpretation_n of_o those_o two_o prince_n but_o whatever_o those_o three_o author_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o subject_a amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o only_o from_o the_o agreeement_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o element_n and_o other_o natural_a thing_n to_o draw_v politic_a and_o moral_a maxim_n and_o conclusion_n and_o precept_n also_o as_o well_o for_o the_o prince_n as_o their_o subject_n but_o that_o which_o render_v this_o table_n pernicious_a be_v this_o that_o the_o idolater_n call_v tao_n sum_o the_o bonze_n and_o fortune-teller_n make_v a_o bad_a use_n of_o it_o to_o confirm_v their_o superstitious_a prediction_n forge_v out_o of_o that_o variety_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o they_o intermix_v therewith_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o confederacy_n and_o vain_a and_o impertinent_a allusion_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o boast_v themselves_o able_a to_o foretell_v whatever_o shall_v befall_v a_o man_n whether_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a epitome_n of_o the_o first_o commentator_n of_o this_o table_n of_o foyes_n hi_o may_v be_v see_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o preface_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la which_o be_v new_o print_v together_o with_o several_z other_o particular_n concern_v the_o principal_a book_n of_o the_o chinese_n of_o which_o our_o author_n speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n several_a book_n may_v be_v write_v of_o the_o civility_n compliment_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o have_v a_o book_n which_o give_v a_o account_n of_o above_o three_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o see_v how_o ready_a and_o punctual_a they_o be_v in_o those_o particular_n at_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n in_o their_o visit_n and_o feast_n the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n though_o a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n than_o any_o of_o his_o guest_n always_o give_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o pre-eminence_n to_o the_o elder_a the_o elder_a give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o come_v far_o off_o but_o all_o to_o foreigner_n when_o any_o ambassador_n arrive_v from_o the_o very_a day_n that_o his_o embassy_n be_v accept_v of_o to_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n the_o emperor_n furnish_v he_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n horse_n litter_n and_o bark_n
speak_v but_o occasional_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o china_n father_n semedo_n indeed_o apply_v himself_o whole_o to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o relation_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v very_o fortunate_a father_n couplet_n in_o his_o chronology_n and_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o first_o decad_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n and_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n have_v publish_v almost_o a_o complete_a succession_n of_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o same_o father_n martini_n in_o his_o atlas_n have_v make_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o it_o so_o complete_a and_o full_a that_o there_o hardly_o remain_v any_o thing_n more_o for_o we_o to_o desire_v and_o last_o the_o annual_a letter_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o i_o have_v cite_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o mission_n which_o they_o undertake_v inform_v we_o of_o several_a notable_a and_o curious_a particular_n but_o though_o these_o author_n be_v every_o one_o worthy_a to_o be_v esteem_v and_o value_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o we_o want_v still_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o considerable_a particular_n whither_o it_o be_v that_o the_o subject_n be_v too_o copious_a to_o be_v exhaust_v or_o that_o those_o other_o design_n which_o they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o divert_v their_o particular_a industry_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v apparent_a that_o father_n magaillans_n have_v it_o in_o his_o thought_n to_o have_v supply_v all_o the_o defect_n which_o he_o find_v in_o those_o other_o piece_n and_o whatever_o be_v want_v that_o may_v give_v we_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o they_o who_o read_v this_o relation_n will_v find_v that_o the_o matter_n therein_o contain_v have_v either_o be_v whole_o omit_v by_o all_o other_o author_n or_o else_o but_o very_o slight_o touch_v and_o therefore_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v thing_n of_o great_a curiosity_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o this_o translation_n will_v be_v grateful_a to_o the_o more_o exact_a part_n of_o the_o learned_a world._n in_o a_o word_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v all_o those_o advantage_n that_o suffice_v to_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n the_o matter_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o become_v the_o curiosity_n of_o all_o those_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v remote_a country_n since_o it_o have_v describe_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a exactness_n and_o part_n by_o part_n what_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o that_o same_o famous_a empire_n of_o china_n there_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o determine_v by_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o country_n of_o catay_n and_o mangi_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o spacious_a kingdom_n it_o discourse_n at_o large_a of_o the_o chinese_n language_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o their_o composition_n of_o the_o word_n which_o they_o comprehend_v of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o language_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o attain_v it_o which_o give_v we_o a_o far_o different_a idea_n of_o it_o from_o whatever_o we_o have_v have_v till_o now_o of_o the_o chinese_n book_n and_o their_o antiquity_n and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o upon_o all_o sort_n of_o subject_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o their_o king_n of_o the_o certain_a and_o successive_a continuance_n of_o the_o chinese_n chronology_n from_o the_o next_o age_n to_o the_o deluge_n it_o show_v we_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o many_o thing_n their_o wonderful_a form_n of_o government_n and_o all_o their_o different_a tribunal_n with_o a_o world_n of_o other_o circumstance_n there_o you_o find_v a_o exact_a acount_n of_o all_o their_o public_a work_n and_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o some_o magnificent_a bridge_n the_o great_a canal_n the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n their_o most_o sumptuous_a house_n their_o principal_a temple_n and_o the_o vast_a and_o spacious_a palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o comprehend_v within_o it_o several_a other_o sufficient_a to_o make_v we_o admire_v their_o architecture_n and_o the_o form_n and_o contrivance_n of_o their_o building_n last_o there_o be_v a_o description_n of_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o wax_n which_o be_v not_o any_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v of_o the_o riches_n of_o china_n of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n of_o some_o remarkable_a ceremony_n and_o of_o so_o many_o other_o particular_n which_o it_o will_v be_v here_o too_o tedious_a a_o trouble_n to_o repeat_v the_o author_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o all_o those_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n he_o have_v travel_v over_o all_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o china_n from_o the_o year_n 1640._o to_o 1648._o at_o what_o time_n he_o be_v carry_v to_o pe_n kim_n where_o he_o stay_v nine_o and_o twenty_o year_n at_o the_o court_n that_o be_v to_o say_v till_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1677._o without_o stir_v from_o thence_o unless_o it_o be_v once_o that_o he_o be_v send_v to_o macao_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o emperor_n so_o long_a and_o constant_a a_o residence_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o book_n his_o conversation_n with_o person_n the_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o palace_n the_o choice_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o particular_n of_o which_o he_o give_v a_o account_n will_v easy_o confirm_v we_o that_o he_o have_v a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o he_o give_v we_o the_o relation_n so_o that_o although_o the_o description_n which_o he_o give_v we_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n do_v not_o agree_v with_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o dutch_a embassy_n to_o china_n yet_o there_o be_v all_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o world_n to_o prefer_v the_o testimony_n of_o this_o author_n before_o that_o relation_n the_o sincerity_n also_o and_o reality_n of_o father_n magaillans_n far_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o correct_a father_n martini_n where_o he_o know_v he_o to_o be_v in_o a_o error_n though_o in_o other_o place_n he_o confirm_v by_o his_o testimony_n the_o esteem_n which_o all_o europe_n have_v for_o the_o work_n of_o that_o father_n and_o for_o that_o he_o speak_v with_o moderation_n of_o many_o other_o thing_n where_o the_o author_n have_v stretch_v too_o far_o in_o their_o relation_n have_v thus_o far_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o worth_n and_o merit_n of_o this_o relation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o tell_v the_o reader_n how_o it_o fall_v into_o my_o hand_n it_o be_v now_o about_o three_o year_n since_o that_o f._n couplet_n come_v to_o rome_n in_o the_o quality_n of_o procurator_n for_o the_o mission_n of_o china_n have_v several_a occasion_n to_o wait_v upon_o cardinal_n d'_fw-fr estrees_n where_o i_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v at_o that_o time_n his_o eminency_n ask_v he_o several_a curious_a question_n concern_v china_n but_o chief_o concern_v pe_n kim_n the_o emperor_n court_n and_o the_o government_n and_o policy_n of_o that_o great_a kingdom_n to_o which_o the_o father_n give_v his_o eminency_n all_o the_o satisfaction_n he_o can_v desire_v so_o far_o as_o he_o know_v but_o in_o regard_n he_o have_v never_o be_v but_o once_o at_o pe_n kim_n when_o he_o be_v carry_v prisoner_n thither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a persecution_n he_o answer_v the_o cardinal_n with_o his_o usual_a sincerity_n that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o well_o inform_v as_o to_o those_o other_o particular_a question_n which_o his_o eminency_n put_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n a_o portugese_n manuscript_n write_v by_o f._n gabriel_n de_fw-fr magaillans_n where_o he_o will_v find_v the_o plenary_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o know_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n present_v the_o manuscript_n to_o his_o eminency_n who_o have_v read_v it_o over_o with_o great_a delight_n give_v it_o into_o my_o hand_n upon_o a_o proffer_n which_o i_o make_v he_o to_o translate_v it_o however_o i_o find_v it_o a_o more_o difficult_a task_n than_o i_o imagine_v for_o though_o father_n de_fw-fr magaillan_n have_v deliver_v it_o fair_o write_v yet_o by_o a_o unfortunate_a accident_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v half_o burn_v so_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o confuse_a original_a which_o have_v be_v lucky_o preserve_v which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n write_v in_o loose_a paper_n it_o require_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n to_o place_v they_o in_o order_n and_o find_v out_o the_o connection_n the_o author_n have_v entitle_v his_o work_n the_o twelve_o excellency_n of_o china_n but_o this_o title_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v too_o much_o affect_v and_o not_o answerable_a to_o the_o subject_a for_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o
as_o we_o pronounce_v it_o in_o totality_n and_o totus_fw-la v_o consonant_a as_o we_o do_v u_o vowel_n as_o the_o latin_a u_o or_o the_o french_a ou_fw-fr except_o in_o these_o word_n chu_n triu_n xiu_o thou_o tiu_n niu_n siu_n etc._n etc._n x_o be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o portuguese_a or_o ch_n in_o french_a as_o for_o example_n xansi_fw-fr xensi_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v write_v chansi_fw-la or_o chensi_fw-la i_o take_v those_o observation_n upon_o the_o pronunciation_n from_o father_n couplet_n from_o a_o chinese_n that_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n from_o my_o author_n and_o out_o of_o father_n greslones_n preface_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o content_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o extent_n and_o division_n of_o china_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o wall_a town_n and_o some_o other_o particular_n observe_v by_o the_o chinese_n author_n p._n 31_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o p._n 59_o chap._n iu_o of_o the_o letter_n and_o language_n of_o china_n p._n 68_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n p._n 87_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o civility_n and_o politeness_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o of_o some_o of_o their_o feast_n p._n 101_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o public_a work_n and_o building_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o grand_a canal_n p._n 113_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o great_a industry_n of_o this_o nation_n p._n 121_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o navigation_n of_o the_o chinese_n p._n 128_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o china_n p._n 133_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o empire_n p._n 145_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o wonderful_a government_n of_o this_o empire_n of_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o mandarin_n and_o of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n p._n 193_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o eleven_o supreme_a tribunal_n or_o of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o letter_n and_o the_o five_o tribunal_n of_o the_o mandarin_n for_o military_a affair_n p._n 200_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o several_a other_o tribunal_n of_o pekim_n p._n 218_o chap._n xv._n of_o several_a tribunal_n and_o mandarin_n of_o province_n p._n 241_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o of_o his_o revenue_n p._n 250_o chap._n xvii_o a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pe_n kim_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o enclose_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o principal_a house_n of_o china_n p._n 265_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o twenty_o apartment_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 281_o chap._n xix_o a_o description_n of_o twenty_o particular_a palace_n contain_v in_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n p._n 303_o chap._n xx._n of_o several_a other_o palace_n and_o some_o temple_n erect_v within_o the_o same_o enclosure_n p._n 314_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n seven_o temple_n in_o pekim_n and_o how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o upon_o the_o performance_n of_o public_a ceremony_n p._n 319_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n y_fw-fr e_o metropolis_n of_o china_n a_o scale_n of_o 10_o chinese_n furlong_n w_o ch_n amount_v to_o 2730_o geometrical_a pace_n one_o chinese_n furlong_n make_v 273_o geometrical_a pace_n a_o explanation_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o city_n of_o pekim_n a_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ancient_a city_n of_o pekim_n never_o 4_o league_n in_o circuit_n b_o the_o 9_o gate_n of_o the_o same_o wall_n c_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n d_o 1_o the_o first_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n two_o league_n in_o circuit_n d_o 2_o the_o second_o enclosure_n d_o 3_o the_o three_o enclosure_n where_o the_o emperor_n reside_v e_z the_o south_n and_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n f_o the_o first_o street_n â—…_n ch_n you_o pass_v through_o upon_o youâ—…_n entrance_n into_o the_o city_n g_o a_o palace_n encempass_v with_o a_o marble_n baluâ—…_n trade_n h_o the_o second_o street_n â—…_n â—h_a two_o triumphal_a arch_n i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d apertim_fw-la 1_o the_o street_n of_o perpetual_a repose_n 2_o 2_o d._n 〈◊〉_d â—…_n ch_z be_v the_o first_o within_o the_o outer_a enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n 3_o 3_o d._n call_v the_o portal_n of_o the_o beginning_n 4_o 4._o be_v the_o second_o enclosure_n 5_o 5_o call_v the_o supreme_a portal_n 6_o 6_o call_v the_o supreme_a imperial_a hall_n 7_o 7_o call_v the_o hall_n thrice_o exalt_v 8_o 8._o 〈◊〉_d the_o supreme_a hall_n in_o the_o middle_n 9_o 9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o â—…overaigne_a concord_n where_o the_o emâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d in_o councâ—…l_a â—…_n â—h_a his_o colaos_n 10_o 10_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n 11_o 11_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o heaven_n in_o â—…_n â—h_a and_o y_z e_z two_o 〈◊〉_d the_o emperor_n lodge_v himself_o 12_o 12_o the_o beautiful_a house_n 13_o 13_o the_o house_n which_o receive_v heaven_n 14_o 14_o 〈◊〉_d and_o garden_n 15_o 15_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n 16_o 16_o the_o high_a â—…aisd_v portal_n on_o the_o south_n side_n with_o a_o place_n to_o manage_v horse_n 17_o 17_o the_o park_n and_o artificial_a mountain_n 18_o 18_o consist_v of_o three_o house_n 19_o 19_o the_o portal_n on_o the_o north_n side_n 20_o 20_o the_o enclosure_n call_v y_o e_o portal_n of_o repose_n 123_o to_o 20_o be_v 20_o particular_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o several_a use_n k_o the_o first_o palace_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n l_o the_n second_o palace_n m_o 3_o palace_n upon_o the_o lake_n n_o 4_o palace_n upon_o a_o mountain_n o_o 5_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n p_o 6_o palace_n near_o the_o lake_n q_o 7_o palace_n r_o 8_o palace_n of_o the_o fortress_n s_o 1_o temple_n of_o the_o 4_o within_z y_z e_o palace_n t_o 2_o temple_n five_o 3_o temple_n x_o 4_o temple_n y_o 24_o place_n for_o the_o mandarin_n z_o 5_o temple_n in_o y_z e_z new_a city_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o &_o 1_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n &_o 2_o temple_n in_o the_o old_a city_n a_o a_o the_o 6_o tribunal_n mark_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o â—…_n â—h_a a_o a_o b_o b_o the_o 5_o tribunal_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o military_a mandarins_n a_o new_a relation_n of_o china_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a particular_n of_o that_o great_a empire_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o name_n which_o the_o chineses_n and_o foreigner_n give_v to_o china_n and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n usual_a in_o this_o empire_n that_o when_o any_o new_a family_n ascend_v the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o sovereign_n give_v a_o new_a name_n to_o his_o dominion_n thus_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n china_n be_v call_v taè_fw-la mim_fw-mi que_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a brightness_n but_o the_o tartar_n who_o govern_v it_o at_o present_a have_v call_v it_o taà _fw-la cim_o que_fw-la or_o a_o kingdom_n of_o great_a purity_n and_o this_o be_v the_o appellation_n most_o common_a among_o the_o chinese_n however_o in_o regard_n thâ—…_n former_o there_o have_v be_v kingdom_n in_o it_o high_o famâ—…s_v either_o for_o their_o long_a continuance_n or_o for_o the_o virtue_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o the_o number_n of_o learned_a man_n or_o for_o some_o other_o advantage_n they_o have_v preserve_v and_o still_o make_v use_n in_o their_o book_n of_o name_n which_o be_v then_o in_o practice_n 〈◊〉_d as_o be_v those_o of_o hia_n que_fw-fr xam_n que_fw-fr cheu_n que_fw-fr hâ—…n_fw-fr que_fw-fr etc._n etc._n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o although_o these_o name_n signify_v china_n yet_o they_o be_v rather_o intend_v to_o denote_v the_o reign_n of_o several_a royal_a family_n than_o to_o signify_v the_o kingdom_n itself_o in_o their_o book_n and_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n they_o general_o make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n xam_n que_fw-fr that_o be_v high_a and_o sovereign_a kingdom_n the_o learned_a man_n in_o their_o write_n and_o their_o book_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o word_n chum_n que_fw-fr which_o signify_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o middle_a or_o centre_n and_o indeed_o the_o most_o usual_a and_o common_a name_n for_o all_o china_n be_v chum_n que_fw-fr or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o centre_n which_o name_n be_v give_v to_o it_o either_o because_o they_o believe_v that_o china_n lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n or_o because_o the_o first_o king_n of_o china_n establish_v his_o throne_n in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n which_o be_v then_o as_o it_o be_v the_o centre_n
a_o stranger_n can_v not_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o language_n but_o hear_v the_o tartar_n so_o often_o call_v the_o southern_a chineses_n mangi_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n and_o not_o a_o name_n of_o reproach_n however_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o far_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o name_n of_o catai_n and_o mangi_n be_v quite_o different_a and_o do_v not_o both_o of_o they_o signify_v china_n i_o shall_v here_o translate_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o forty_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n by_o which_o it_o will_v evident_o appear_v that_o what_o i_o affirm_v be_v a_o constant_a and_o assure_a truth_n for_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n of_o the_o great_a river_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o its_o stream_n the_o chineses_n call_v â—…_n âm_fw-la eu_fw-fr kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o go_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n cainguiâ—…s_v â—…s_z a_o small_a city_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o the_o southside_n where_o they_o gather_v ever_o year_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rice_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o cambalu_n to_o supply_v the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a cam._n these_o provision_n be_v transport_v to_o catai_n by_o water_n over_o river_n and_o lake_n and_o one_o large_a and_o deep_a canal_n which_o the_o great_a cam_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o vessel_n from_o one_o river_n to_o another_o and_o to_o go_v from_o the_o province_n of_o mangi_n to_o cambalu_n without_o go_v by_o sea._n this_o be_v a_o work_n of_o wonder_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o its_o length_n but_o more_o for_o the_o benefit_n which_o the_o city_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o great_a cham_n also_o cause_v to_o be_v raise_v all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o canal_n very_o strong_a and_o spacious_a dam_n for_o traveller_n to_o walk_v upon_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o m._n paulus_n and_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o this_o great_a work_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n but_o as_o for_o caingui_n mention_v by_o that_o author_n to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v neither_o a_o town_n nor_o a_o city_n the_o chineses_n call_v it_o chim_z kiam_fw-la keu_n that_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n that_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n separate_v in_o that_o place_n and_o after_o it_o have_v run_v through_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nan_n kim_n cross_v the_o country_n of_o vhe_fw-it kiam_fw-la as_o far_a as_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o it_o call_v ham_n cheu_n on_o both_o the_o side_n of_o this_o mouth_n there_o be_v one_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o place_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v mâ_fw-la teû_fw-fr that_o be_v a_o place_n frequent_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o trade_n because_o the_o bark_n there_o meet_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n to_o ride_v secure_a in_o the_o night_n time_n now_o this_o place_n of_o which_o marcus_n paulus_n speak_v may_v well_o be_v call_v a_o town_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a number_n of_o vessel_n that_o resort_v thither_o though_o it_o be_v neither_o wall_v nor_o have_v building_n enough_o to_o form_v a_o city_n now_o though_o this_o be_v perfect_o know_v by_o all_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v as_o missionary_n into_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v make_v this_o matter_n yet_o more_o evident_a to_o unfold_v some_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o author_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o name_n of_o so_o many_o city_n of_o which_o he_o make_v mention_n in_o his_o history_n in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o tainfu_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v tai_n yven_v fu_n and_o which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v the_o capitol_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o 28_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o another_o city_n of_o the_o same_o province_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n pim_n yam_fw-la fu_fw-la and_o which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n as_o be_v the_o most_o rich_a and_o potent_a in_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_o that_o of_o sucheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nankin_n in_o the_o 56th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o coiganzù_n which_o be_v call_v hoaì_n gââ—…_n fû_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o very_o rich_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o be_v there_o make_v as_o in_o the_o territory_n round_o about_o and_o which_o be_v thence_o transport_v into_o several_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o m._n paulus_n observe_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o the_o 65th_o chapter_n he_o speak_v of_o the_o city_n of_o chian_a gian_n fu_o which_o be_v call_v chim_z kiam_fw-la fu_fw-la in_o his_o seventi_v chapter_n he_o describe_v the_o city_n of_o tâ—…pinxu_fw-la otherwise_o tai_n 〈◊〉_d fu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o namkim_n in_o the_o 75th_o he_o mention_n the_o city_n of_o fogiu_n otherwise_o foe_n cheu_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o foyes_n kien_n in_o the_o 76th_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o quelinfu_n which_o be_v call_v kien_fw-mi nim_fw-mi fu_fw-mi he_o also_o report_v that_o about_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o lion_n and_o that_o he_o repeat_v several_a time_n in_o other_o place_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o he_o be_v misinform_v in_o most_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o chinese_n never_o see_v a_o lion_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o picture_n and_o therefore_o they_o paint_v a_o lion_n quite_o another_o creature_n than_o he_o be_v for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o m._n paulus_n be_v mistake_v in_o believe_v those_o great_a and_o furious_a tiger_n which_o be_v so_o common_a in_o that_o empire_n to_o be_v lion_n and_o he_o confirm_v i_o in_o this_o persuasion_n by_o say_v in_o the_o 14_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n that_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi have_v lion_n train_v up_o to_o hunt_v the_o other_o wild_a beast_n and_o that_o they_o be_v mark_v with_o white_a black_a and_o red_a list_n or_o streak_n and_o be_v large_a than_o the_o lion_n of_o babylon_n all_o which_o perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tiger_n or_o leopard_n which_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o asia_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o châ—…ces_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o description_n of_o lion_n the_o same_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o several_a other_o city_n the_o name_n of_o which_o be_v so_o change_v that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v chinesie_n that_o they_o have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o the_o language_n nevertheless_o we_o clear_o find_v that_o the_o province_n and_o city_n which_o he_o place_n in_o catai_n and_o mangi_n belong_v all_o to_o china_n because_o they_o general_o end_v with_o the_o syllable_n fu_fw-fr which_o in_o the_o chinesie_n language_n signify_v a_o city_n for_o example_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n be_v quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la fu_fw-la quam_fw-la cheu_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a name_n that_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o fu_n signify_v a_o city_n as_o polis_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o so_o constantinopolis_n signify_v the_o city_n of_o constantine_n and_o adrianopolis_n the_o city_n of_o adrian_n we_o draw_v the_o second_o proof_n of_o the_o description_n which_o m._n paulus_n make_v in_o the_o sixteen_o and_o seven_o teenth_n chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n of_o pekim_n and_o the_o king_n palace_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o that_o he_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o what_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o what_o we_o shall_v describe_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n the_o third_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v drink_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o stone-coal_n which_o they_o burn_v there_o and_o be_v call_v muy_fw-es this_o coal_n be_v bring_v from_o certain_a mountain_n two_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o city_n and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o the_o mine_n have_v never_o fail_v notwithstanding_o that_o for_o above_o these_o four_o thousand_o year_n not_o only_o this_o city_n so_o large_a and_o populous_a but_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o province_n have_v consume_v such_o a_o incredible_a quantity_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o family_n though_o never_o so_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o a_o stove_n heat_v with_o this_o coal_n that_o last_v and_o preserve_v a_o heat_n much_o more_o violent_a than_o charcoal_n these_o stove_n be_v make_v of_o brick_n like_o a_o bed_n or_o couch_n three_o or_o four_o hand_n breadth_n high_a and_o broad_a or_o
clock_n in_o the_o morning_n of_o a_o sudden_a there_o come_v a_o deluge_n that_o overflow_v the_o new_a city_n the_o suburb_n and_o the_o plane_n adjoin_v present_o they_o shut_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a city_n and_o stop_v up_o all_o the_o hole_n and_o cleft_n with_o chalk_n and_o bitumen_n mingle_v together_o to_o prevent_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v overturn_v and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o poor_a creature_n especial_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n a_o great_a number_n of_o village_n and_o house_n of_o pleasure_n be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o inundation_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o neighbour_a city_n all_o the_o people_n flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o high_a place_n or_o climb_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o several_a confound_v with_o their_o fear_n or_o faint_v for_o want_n of_o food_n drop_v down_o into_o the_o water_n and_o miserable_o perish_v in_o other_o province_n their_o happen_v accident_n and_o calamity_n yet_o more_o strange_a occasion_v by_o dreadful_a earthquake_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o punish_v those_o insidel_n for_o the_o persecution_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n never_o be_v â—…en_o the_o like_a consternation_n in_o that_o court_n where_o all_o man_n be_v reduce_v to_o utmost_a despair_n not_o be_v able_a to_o divine_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o deluge_n at_o last_o the_o king_n have_v send_v out_o certain_a people_n upon_o raft_n of_o timber_n for_o they_o have_v no_o boat_n at_o pekim_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n they_o find_v that_o the_o trouble_a river_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n have_v break_v down_o the_o dam_n and_o make_v itself_o a_o new_a channel_n across_o the_o field_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o amaze_a fear_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o grandee_n be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o remove_v to_o some_o other_o place_n the_o same_o fury_n of_o the_o inundation_n carry_v away_o several_a rock_n which_o knock_v against_o the_o pile_n of_o the_o famous_a bridge_n shake_v it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o break_v down_o two_o of_o the_o arch_n the_o five_o proof_n be_v that_o m._n paulus_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n speak_v of_o that_o great_a river_n which_o the_o tartar_n call_v caramoran_n and_o the_o chinese_n hoâm_n hô_o or_o the_o yellow_a river_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o slimy_a mud_n which_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o make_v the_o water_n to_o look_v of_o that_o colour_n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n he_o make_v mention_n of_o another_o river_n which_o he_o call_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n o_o kiam_fw-la or_o the_o great_a river_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o call_v yam_n cu_z kiam_fw-la or_o the_o river_n son_n of_o the_o sea._n in_o the_o thirty_o six_o chapter_n describe_v the_o city_n which_o he_o call_v kimsai_n and_o which_o erroneous_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o heaven_n though_o the_o word_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o signify_v a_o court_n he_o report_v several_a particular_n concern_v it_o for_o example_n that_o the_o city_n be_v seat_v between_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o a_o great_a river_n and_o that_o round_a about_o the_o lake_n be_v to_o be_v see_v several_a palace_n of_o the_o grandee_n and_o divers_a temple_n of_o the_o bonze_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o true_a only_o that_o he_o stretch_v too_o far_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o city_n be_v a_o hundred_o mile_n in_o circuit_n wherein_o he_o show_v himself_o rather_o a_o poet_n then_o a_o historian_n however_o it_o be_v the_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o city_n and_o palace_n of_o cambalu_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o catai_n be_v a_o part_n of_o china_n and_o that_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n be_v enough_o to_o prove_v that_o mangi_n be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n for_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o relation_n be_v entire_o conformable_a to_o what_o we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v yet_o if_o m._n paulus_n have_v understand_v the_o chinese_n language_n as_o he_o say_v he_o understand_v that_o of_o the_o tartar_n he_o have_v with_o more_o exactness_n set_v down_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o other_o particular_n which_o he_o report_v concern_v that_o empire_n but_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n he_o shall_v so_o often_o corrupt_a the_o name_n since_o we_o ourselves_o who_o upon_o our_o first_o arrival_n apply_v ourselves_o with_o all_o the_o industry_n imaginable_a to_o understand_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n after_o the_o study_n of_o several_a year_n be_v frequent_o deceive_v and_o quite_o mistake_v some_o part_n of_o the_o word_n so_o that_o we_o must_v not_o be_v surprise_v if_o a_o knight_n who_o only_o mind_v his_o military_a design_n and_o to_o court_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi and_o only_o converse_v with_o the_o tartar_n who_o for_o want_v of_o politeness_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o word_n above_o other_o nation_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o same_o inconuènience_n for_o he_o have_v corrupt_v name_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o among_o we_o who_o have_v the_o great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o empire_n have_v much_o ado_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o meaning_n of_o many_o of_o he_o mistake_v nevertheless_o by_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o his_o relation_n we_o at_o length_n find_v out_o what_o he_o intend_v father_n martin_n martini_n so_o famous_a for_o his_o atlas_n of_o china_n as_o witty_a and_o ingenious_a as_o he_o be_v can_v not_o exempt_v himself_o from_o commit_v the_o like_a error_n insomuch_o that_o we_o who_o have_v reside_v in_o this_o empire_n for_o so_o many_o year_n have_v find_v it_o very_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v especial_o in_o the_o name_n that_o ought_v to_o terminate_v in_o m_n and_o which_o he_o always_o end_v in_o ng._n for_o example_n instead_o of_o say_n pekim_n nankim_n chekîam_n yûmlie_o cûmchîm_n he_o always_o write_v peking_n nank_v chekiang_n yeunglie_o cungch_v wherein_o he_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v deceive_v because_o that_o manner_n of_o writing_n do_v no_o way_n correspond_v with_o the_o chinese_n pronunciation_n which_o answer_v to_o that_o of_o our_o m._n and_o not_o of_o ng_z nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o say_v that_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i'm_n open_a with_o a_o soft_a production_n of_o the_o sound_n almost_o like_o ng_z because_o they_o express_v it_o somewhat_o through_o the_o nose_n for_o that_o the_o letter_n m_o whether_o pronunce_v open_a or_o close_o have_v always_o a_o much_o great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o latin_a pronunciation_n than_o the_o letter_n ng._n so_o much_o the_o more_o because_o the_o german_n pronounce_v i_o be_o final_a open_a rather_o like_a in_o or_o en_fw-fr then_o in_o or_o em._n so_o that_o indeed_o this_o reason_n may_v have_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n pardonable_a have_v the_o father_n write_v in_o high-dutch_a or_o only_o to_o the_o german_n but_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o europe_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v conform_v to_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o common_a pronunciation_n philip_n cluverius_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o six_o book_n make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o city_n of_o kimsai_n of_o which_o m._n polo_n make_v mention_n in_o his_o sixty_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n wâ—…re_v the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n or_o the_o king_n of_o china_n he_o also_o with_o good_a reason_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o hyperbole_n which_o m._n polo_n make_v we_o in_o describe_v the_o say_a city_n of_o kimsai_n for_o the_o resolve_v of_o which_o difficulty_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o instead_o of_o kimsai_n he_o ought_v to_o have_v write_v kimsu_n the_o master_n court._n for_o that_o kim_n signify_v a_o court_n and_o sum_z a_o master_n the_o court_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o model_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n kimsai_n then_o or_o kimsu_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sum_n who_o the_o western_a tartar_n despoil_v of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n polo_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o nankim_n and_o
be_v dispatch_v away_o before_o with_o a_o little_a kind_n of_o a_o trencher_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v pai_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o name_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o officer_n with_o his_o name_n and_o seal_v at_o the_o bottom_n so_o soon_o as_o that_o be_v see_v they_o cleanse_v and_o make_v ready_a the_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v to_o lodge_n which_o preparation_n be_v more_o or_o less_o sumptuous_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o diet_n porter_n horse_n chair_n litter_n or_o barge_n if_o he_o be_v to_o go_v by_o water_n and_o in_o a_o word_n of_o whatever_o it_o be_v that_o be_v needful_a in_o these_o hostery_n likewise_o be_v entertain_v proportionable_o all_o sort_n of_o other_o person_n whether_o chineses_n or_o foreigner_n to_o who_o the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n the_o convenience_n of_o which_o i_o find_v myself_o when_o i_o be_v send_v some_o year_n ago_o to_o macao_n in_o these_o place_n the_o king_n courier_n take_v what_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o either_o for_o speedy_a have_v or_o refreshment_n there_o they_o find_v horse_n ready_a saddle_v but_o for_o fear_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v always_o ready_a a_o furlong_n or_o two_o before_o the_o courier_n arrive_v at_o the_o hostery_n or_o inn_n the_o courier_n give_v several_a loud_a bang_n upon_o a_o basin_n call_v lô_o which_o he_o carry_v behind_o his_o back_n and_o then_o they_o saddle_v a_o horse_n for_o he_o with_o all_o the_o speed_n imaginable_a so_o that_o he_o present_o mount_v and_o leave_v his_o other_o horse_n behind_o he_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n contain_v eleven_o million_o five_o hundred_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o family_n not_o include_v the_o woman_n child_n poor_a people_n mandarins_n employ_v soldier_n bachelor_n of_o art_n licentiate_n doctor_n mandarin_n dispense_v with_o from_o service_n such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o river_n the_o bonze_n funuch_n nor_o any_o that_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n for_o they_o only_o reckon_v those_o that_o cultivate_v the_o land_n and_o pay_v the_o king_n rent_n and_o tribute_n so_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n fifty_o nine_o million_o seven_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o male_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o civil_a order_n of_o china_n the_o military_a order_n contain_v six_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o large_a fortress_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n either_o upon_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o key_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o keep_v out_o the_o tartar_n or_o upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n against_o rebel_n and_o robber_n the_o chineses_n call_v they_o quan_fw-mi and_o that_o of_o xam_n hái_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n there_o be_v five_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n which_o be_v call_v guéi_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n and_o that_o same_o place_n call_v tien_n â—…ìm_fw-la gâ—…êi_fw-la or_o fortress_n of_o the_o well_o of_o heaven_n of_o which_o father_n martini_n speak_v in_o his_o atlas_n p._n 36._o be_v of_o the_o same_o number_n by_o which_o you_o may_v guess_v at_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o the_o second_o rank_n they_o reckon_v three_o hundred_o and_o eleven_o fortress_n of_o the_o three_o rank_n call_v sò_n three_o hundred_o of_o the_o four_o rank_n call_v chin_n which_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o those_o of_o the_o five_o civil_a order_n and_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o of_o the_o five_o rank_n call_v paò._n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o fortress_n of_o the_o six_o rank_n call_v pù_n and_o last_o three_o hundred_o of_o the_o seven_o order_n call_v chái_n these_o latter_a be_v of_o several_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n and_o serve_v for_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o the_o countryman_n who_o retire_v thither_o with_o their_o cattle_n and_o good_n when_o any_o tartar_n robber_n or_o rebel_n harrass_n the_o country_n as_o also_o when_o the_o emperor_n army_n be_v upon_o their_o march._n other_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o precipice_n of_o steep_a mountain_n to_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ascent_n but_o by_o step_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o laâ—…ders_n make_v of_o rope_n or_o wood_n which_o they_o remove_v as_o they_o please_v themselves_o and_o these_o fortress_n general_o have_v no_o wall_n because_o they_o need_v none_o other_o be_v seat_v upon_o mountain_n which_o be_v nevertheless_o approachable_a and_o therefore_o on_o that_o side_n where_o they_o lie_v open_a they_o be_v guard_v with_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a wall_n and_o both_o of_o these_o and_o of_o the_o other_o before_o recite_v i_o have_v see_v several_a in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_a and_o xensi_fw-la by_o this_o account_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o fortify_v place_n amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o which_o be_v add_v to_o those_o of_o the_o civil_a order_n make_v up_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o two._n beside_o which_o there_o be_v within_o and_o without_o the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v china_n above_o three_o thousand_o tower_n or_o castle_n call_v tai_n of_o which_o every_o one_o have_v its_o proper_a name_n in_o those_o tower_n be_v keep_v guard_n and_o watch_v all_o the_o year_n long_o which_o give_v the_o alarm_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o enemy_n appear_v in_o the_o day_n time_n by_o erect_v a_o banner_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o high_a tower_n and_o in_o the_o night_n by_o set_v up_o a_o light_v flambeau_n shall_v we_o reckon_v these_o tower_n or_o castle_n among_o the_o fortify_v place_n of_o which_o these_o latter_a will_v make_v a_o eight_o order_n there_o will_v be_v then_o in_o all_o five_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o fifty_o seven_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o a_o certain_a mandarin_n of_o the_o superior_a tribunal_n of_o arm_n compile_v two_o volume_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o which_o he_o entitle_v kiu_fw-mi pien_fw-mi tu_fw-la uxe_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o map_n of_o the_o nine_o frontier_n he_o mean_v by_o that_o the_o nine_o quarter_n into_o which_o he_o have_v divide_v the_o great_a wall_n that_o environ_v a_o part_n of_o china_n for_o four_o hundred_o and_o five_o portugese_n league_n together_o which_o make_v 23_o degree_n and_o ten_o minute_n from_o east_n to_o west_n from_o the_o city_n of_o cain_n yêun_n seat_v at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o country_n call_v leâo_o tumm_n to_o that_o of_o cân_n so_o or_o camn_v cheu_o seat_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la and_o this_o too_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o fortification_n run_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n for_o shall_v we_o take_v in_o all_o the_o turn_n and_o wind_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o wall_n the_o whole_a without_o question_n will_v amount_v to_o above_o five_o hundred_o portugal_n league_n in_o those_o book_n he_o represent_v in_o three_o map_n all_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o mountain_n that_o be_v accessible_a and_o in_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o other_o great_a map_n thirteen_o hundred_o twenty_o seven_o fortress_n great_a and_o small_a which_o he_o say_v be_v all_o necessary_a to_o prevent_v the_o inroad_n of_o tartar_n so_o that_o if_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o so_o negligent_a so_o cowardly_a so_o covetous_a and_o perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n as_o they_o be_v the_o tartar_n can_v never_o have_v surmount_v those_o wall_n nor_o get_v footing_n within_o those_o castle_n so_o well_o dispose_v in_o all_o place_n requisite_a and_o so_o strong_o fortify_v as_o well_o by_o nature_n as_o by_o art._n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v apparent_a as_o well_o by_o their_o own_o history_n as_o by_o what_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o time_n that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o enter_v into_o china_n but_o when_o either_o the_o cowardice_n or_o the_o treacherous_a avarice_n of_o the_o commander_n open_v they_o a_o passage_n this_o the_o tartar_n know_v and_o therefore_o offer_v they_o a_o moiety_n of_o their_o plunder_n and_o booty_n and_o be_v no_o less_o punctual_a in_o their_o performance_n then_o they_o have_v be_v liberal_a in_o their_o promise_n upon_o their_o return_n into_o tartary_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o which_o trade_n they_o always_o leave_v a_o passage_n open_a for_o these_o inroad_n which_o the_o tartar_n fail_v not_o to_o make_v twice_o a_o year_n nor_o can_v all_o the_o rigorous_a punishment_n which_o the_o king_n inflict_v upon_o several_a of_o those_o traitor_n deter_v the_o rest_n from_o their_o disloyal_a traffic_n with_o his_o enemy_n or_o if_o he_o at_o any_o time_n do_v
lord_n and_o master_n the_o friend_n and_o favourite_n of_o sun_n co_z vanâ—…_n advise_v he_o to_o put_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n to_o death_n and_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o the_o sovereign_a power_n that_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o absolute_o refuse_v so_o unworthy_a a_o action_n and_o more_o than_o that_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o acknowledge_v yum_n liè_fw-fr who_o birth_n have_v give_v he_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n in_o short_a he_o acknowledge_v the_o fugitive_n emperor_n and_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o soldier_n follow_v his_o example_n his_o force_n be_v very_o numerous_a and_o well_o discipline_v and_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n that_o so_o brave_a a_o captain_n will_v have_v resettled_a the_o affair_n of_o china_n and_o drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o vice_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o take_v no_o care_n of_o his_o own_o affair_n as_o be_v whole_o addict_v to_o wine_n and_o woman_n prevent_v the_o success_n for_o this_o bad_a management_n of_o himself_o bring_v yum_n liè_fw-fr inâ—…o_fw-la contempt_n among_o his_o subject_n and_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la repent_v perhaps_o that_o he_o have_v resign_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o name_n of_o emperor_n with_o whaâ—…_n be_v requisite_a for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o subsistence_n of_o his_o family_n however_o this_o harsh_a usage_n of_o the_o emperor_n displease_v several_a of_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o army_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o call_v lì_n â—…im_a qué_n before_o the_o best_a friend_n that_o sun_n co_fw-la vam_fw-la have_v and_o his_o brother_n by_o adoption_n as_o be_v both_o adopt_a by_o the_o tyrant_n cham_fw-mi hien_fw-fr chum_fw-la thereupon_o the_o quarrel_n between_o these_o two_o great_a person_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o they_o break_v friendship_n part_v their_o force_n and_o fight_v one_o against_o the_o other_o till_o at_o last_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o combat_n sun_n co_z vam_n soldier_n desert_v he_o and_o go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n so_o that_o he_o have_v much_o ado_n to_o escape_v by_o flight_n with_o only_o three_o hundred_o man_n that_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o upon_o which_o despair_v ever_o to_o resettle_v the_o affair_n of_o china_n he_o surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o tartar_n who_o have_v his_o virtue_n in_o high_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n advance_v he_o lade_v with_o honour_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o petty_a king._n some_o time_n after_o yum_n liè_fw-fr bereave_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o so_o great_a a_o captain_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n by_o the_o tartar_n deprive_v both_o of_o his_o empire_n and_o his_o life_n the_o prowess_n of_o li_n tim_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o withstand_v their_o power_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n the_o wife_n and_o mother_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n have_v be_v baptise_a in_o the_o year_n 1648._o by_o father_n andrew_n kassler_n a_o jesuit_n the_o son_n be_v name_v constantine_n thus_o much_o i_o take_v out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o father_n rouge-mount_n c._n p._n 43._o in_o the_o same_o book_n you_o may_v see_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n that_o keep_v guard_n upon_o the_o frontier_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v some_o difference_n among_o author_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o china_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a father_n trigaut_n assert_n that_o there_o be_v above_o a_o million_o father_n martini_n near_o a_o million_o and_o by_o the_o report_n of_o father_n semedo_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o be_v a_o person_n very_o curious_a and_o one_o that_o have_v travel_v much_o in_o china_n assure_v he_o that_o by_o what_o he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o chinese_n book_n that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o several_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o fourteen_o and_o six_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o to_o guard_n the_o great_a wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n not_o include_v the_o soldier_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o fleet_n but_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o ihe_v relation_n of_o father_n magaillans_n a_o more_o modern_a writer_n and_o who_o take_v what_o he_o assert_v out_o of_o a_o book_n present_v to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o however_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o these_o soldier_n be_v not_o like_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n neither_o for_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n as_o be_v no_o other_o for_o the_o most_o part_n than_o the_o country_n militia_n for_o father_n semedo_n speak_v of_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o province_n say_v they_o be_v of_o â—…ittle_a worth_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v they_o follow_v no_o other_o employment_n then_o that_o of_o be_v soldier_n â—…or_n that_o they_o be_v general_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v enroll_v and_o follow_v their_o trade_n some_o shoemaker_n other_o tailor_n etc._n etc._n and_o father_n trigaut_n in_o his_o second_o chapter_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o the_o end_n we_o may_v knâ—…w_v the_o number_n of_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v incredible_a we_o ought_v to_o observe_v that_o almost_o half_a the_o people_n of_o the_o three_o northern_a province_n be_v â—…olled_v iâ—…â—…he_a service_n of_o the_o emperor_n 〈◊〉_d magaillans_n 〈◊〉_d firmâ—…_n the_o same_o thing_n wherâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d â—…ays_n that_o the_o exâ—…e_n of_o the_o emperor_n eveâ—…y_v year_n for_o nine_o hundred_o aâ—…_n two_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o four_o soldier_n that_o guard_v thâ—…_n wâ—…_n including_z officer_n and_o all_o amount_v but_o to_o 〈◊〉_d million_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o livre_n which_o be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o pistol_n a_o year_n for_o every_o man_n which_o can_v never_o maintain_v they_o do_v they_o not_o follow_v their_o trade_n to_o support_v themselves_o and_o their_o family_n and_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n incredible_a which_o the_o chinese_n historian_n cite_v by_o father_n magaillans_n allow_v as_o well_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o frontier_n as_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o province_n which_o amount_v to_o sixteen_o hundred_o seventy_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o four_o more_n especial_o consider_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o empire_n numerous_o people_v and_o that_o the_o soldier_n have_v neither_o courage_n nor_o discipline_n and_o therefore_o father_n martini_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v better_a soldier_n than_o the_o chinese_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o the_o soldier_n in_o europe_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n and_o what_o a_o high_a opinion_n the_o chineses_n have_v of_o it_o this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o it_o have_v preserve_v its_o form_n of_o government_n and_o have_v continue_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o twenty_o two_o family_n from_o whence_o have_v descend_v two_o hundred_o thirty_o six_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n for_o it_o be_v so_o many_o year_n since_o it_o begin_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a for_o shall_v we_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o probable_a it_o will_v be_v four_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668_o since_o this_o kingdom_n begin_v the_o chineses_n however_o have_v three_o opinion_n concern_v this_o matter_n some_o of_o their_o book_n six_o the_o original_a of_o their_o kingdom_n some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o the_o creation_n but_o though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n believe_v this_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o wise_a and_o more_o learned_a sort_n hold_v those_o book_n for_o mere_o fabulous_a and_o apocryphal_a more_o especial_o since_o consucius_fw-la have_v condemn_v that_o error_n the_o second_o opinion_n make_v king_n fohi_n to_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o this_o kingdom_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o reign_v towards_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xénsi_fw-la the_o most_o western_a part_n of_o china_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o book_n it_o be_v two_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n that_o this_o prince_n begin_v to_o reign_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n according_a to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n all_o the_o learned_a man_n hold_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v probable_a and_o many_o among_o they_o take_v it_o to_o be_v unquestionable_a the_o three_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v lay_v about_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o
five_o year_n ago_o by_o a_o certain_a prince_n who_o name_n be_v yao_n which_o last_o opinion_n be_v hold_v among_o they_o as_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n shall_v any_o chinese_n refuse_v to_o believe_v he_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o heretic_n and_o as_o such_o a_o one_o be_v severe_o punish_v so_o that_o shall_v the_o preacher_n of_o the_o gospel_n but_o once_o testify_v either_o by_o write_v or_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n that_o they_o make_v a_o doubt_n of_o it_o that_o alone_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o shut_v the_o door_n upon_o our_o sacred_a religion_n and_o cause_v we_o all_o to_o be_v sentence_v to_o death_n the_o very_a bare_a suspicion_n without_o any_o foundation_n of_o a_o man_n incredulity_n in_o that_o point_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o banishment_n for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o father_n of_o the_o mission_n have_v obtain_v leave_n from_o the_o holy_a see_v to_o stick_v to_o the_o version_n of_o the_o seventy_o approve_v by_o the_o church_n in_o the_o five_o general_n council_n as_o well_o for_o that_o the_o two_o latter_a opinion_n be_v very_o probable_a as_o to_o avoid_v the_o forementioned_a inconvenience_n and_o many_o other_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o imagine_v and_o indeed_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v boast_v a_o train_n of_o king_n so_o ancient_a and_o so_o well_o continue_v those_o of_o the_o assyrian_n the_o persian_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v have_v their_o period_n whereas_o that_o of_o china_n continue_v still_o like_o a_o great_a river_n that_o never_o cease_v roll_v along_o the_o stream_n that_o fall_v from_o its_o first_o fountain_n this_o long_a continuance_n and_o other_o excellency_n of_o china_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o of_o which_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o progress_n of_o this_o relation_n infuse_v into_o the_o chinese_n a_o pride_n most_o insupportable_a they_o put_v the_o high_a value_n imaginable_a upon_o their_o empire_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o as_o for_o stranger_n they_o scorn_v they_o to_o the_o low_a pitch_n of_o contempt_n and_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o their_o wit_n and_o learning_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v little_a or_o no_o knowledge_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o since_o pride_n proceed_v from_o blindness_n and_o ignorance_n in_o their_o map_n they_o allow_v a_o vast_a extent_n to_o china_n but_o represent_v all_o other_o kingdom_n round_o about_o it_o without_o any_o order_n position_n or_o any_o other_o mark_v of_o good_a geography_n small_a contract_v and_o with_o title_n ridiculous_a and_o contemptible_a as_o for_o example_n siaò_fw-la gîn_fw-la que_fw-la or_o the_o kingdom_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o which_o be_v all_o dwarf_n and_o so_o little_a that_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o tie_v themselves_o several_a in_o a_o bunch_n together_o for_o fear_n of_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o eâ—…gles_n and_o kite_n niù_fw-fr gîn_fw-fr que_fw-fr or_o the_o kingdom_n where_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v woman_n who_o conceive_v by_o look_v upon_o their_o shadow_n in_o a_o well_o or_o in_o a_o river_n and_o bring_v forth_o none_o but_o girl_n chuen_fw-ge sin_n que_fw-fr or_o a_o kingdom_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v all_o a_o hole_n in_o their_o breast_n into_o which_o they_o stick_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o so_o carry_v one_o another_o from_o place_n to_o place_n a_o kingdom_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v body_n like_o man_n and_o face_n like_o dog_n a_o kingdom_n where_o he_o inhabitant_n have_v such_o long_a arm_n that_o they_o reach_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n with_o many_o other_o such_o description_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n in_o short_a they_o represent_v the_o neighbour_a kingdom_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o tartar_n the_o japanner_n of_o the_o peninsula_n of_o corea_n and_o those_o other_o that_o border_n round_o about_o upon_o china_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o four_o barbarous_a nation_n they_o say_v that_o beside_o china_n there_o be_v seventy_o two_o kingdom_n which_o they_o paint_v all_o very_a diminutive_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n like_v so_o many_o nutshell_n and_o their_o inhabitant_n all_o deform_a and_o monstrous_a with_o gesture_n so_o ridiculous_a or_o terrible_a that_o they_o resemble_v rather_o ape_n and_o wild_a beast_n then_o men._n of_o latter_a time_n have_v understand_v something_o of_o europe_n they_o have_v add_v it_o to_o their_o map_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o island_n of_o tenariff_n or_o some_o desert_n island_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o the_o viceroy_n of_o quam_fw-la tum_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1668_o after_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o portuguese_n in_o a_o memorial_n which_o he_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n add_v these_o word_n we_o find_v very_o plain_o that_o europe_n be_v no_o more_o then_o only_o two_o little_a island_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea._n they_o divide_v the_o heaven_n into_o eight_o and_o twenty_o constellation_n and_o china_n into_o so_o many_o quarter_n to_o every_o one_o of_o which_o they_o allow_v one_o of_o these_o constellation_n and_o call_v they_o by_o their_o name_n not_o leave_v so_o much_o as_o one_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o give_v to_o their_o own_o most_o loâ—…ty_a and_o magnificent_a title_n but_o to_o foreign_a country_n most_o barbarous_a disagreeable_a and_o scornful_a name_n on_o purpose_n to_o exalt_v their_o own_o empire_n by_o disgrace_v all_o other_o kingdom_n at_o what_o time_n i_o reside_v with_o father_n lewis_n buglio_n in_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o sum_n chuen_fw-ge there_o be_v a_o persecution_n begin_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o several_a thousand_o of_o bonze_n who_o assemble_v together_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o province_n and_o the_o same_o time_n accuse_v we_o in_o all_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o province_n more_o especial_o before_o the_o tribunal_n of_o crime_n which_o be_v call_v gán_n chan_o sum_o the_o precedent_n of_o which_o make_v answer_v to_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o bonze_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o these_o stranger_n remain_v in_o their_o habitation_n without_o stir_v forth_o or_o teach_v new_a invention_n chum_n que_fw-la chi_fw-mi tá_fw-la uû_fw-fr sò_fw-la pù_fw-fr yûm_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o kingdom_n be_v so_o vast_a that_o it_o be_v able_a to_o contain_v both_o the_o native_n and_o the_o foreigner_n there_o be_v room_n enough_o for_o as_o many_o more_o but_o if_o they_o teach_v any_o new_a doctrine_n different_a from_o the_o sacred_a and_o true_a doctrine_n which_o we_o profess_v in_o this_o great_a empire_n or_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o surprise_v and_o delude_v the_o people_n let_v they_o be_v punish_v with_o every_o one_o forty_o lash_n and_o expel_v the_o province_n father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n have_v discourse_v for_o some_o time_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o some_o of_o the_o eunuch_n and_o with_o those_o solid_a reason_n and_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v apparent_a enough_o that_o they_o be_v inward_o convince_v they_o give_v no_o more_o than_o the_o follow_a reply_n chum_n que_fw-la chi_fw-mi uâi_fw-mi hûan_fw-mi yeù_fw-fr tao_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v this_o that_o we_o see_v what_o be_v this_o this_o that_o we_o hear_v be_v it_o possible_a that_o without_o the_o limit_n of_o this_o empire_n there_o shall_v be_v any_o rule_n or_o any_o path_n whereby_o to_o arrive_v at_o true_a virtue_n be_v there_o any_o other_o belief_n or_o any_o other_o law_n and_o i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v that_o when_o i_o have_v be_v discourse_v with_o the_o learned_a concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o science_n of_o europe_n they_o ask_v i_o whether_o we_o have_v their_o book_n to_o which_o when_o i_o answer_v no_o they_o reply_v altogether_o surprise_v waver_v and_o scandalize_v if_o in_o europe_n you_o have_v not_o our_o book_n and_o our_o write_n what_o learning_n or_o what_o science_n can_v you_o have_v however_o these_o insidel_n deserve_v both_o to_o be_v pity_v and_o excuse_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o imagine_v the_o high_a idea_n which_o not_o only_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o learned_a man_n but_o also_o the_o vulgar_a people_n have_v conceive_v of_o this_o empire_n and_o certain_o beside_o that_o our_o nature_n incline_v we_o always_o to_o put_v a_o value_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o we_o the_o extraordinary_a grandeur_n and_o advantage_n of_o this_o kingdom_n contribute_v very_o much_o to_o puff_v up_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o chinese_n with_o foolish_a imagination_n and_o unparalleled_a pride_n note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n a._n p._n 59_o the_o chronology_n of_o china_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a importance_n
significancy_n that_o in_o some_o measure_n they_o equal_v the_o greek_n and_o latin_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v i_o have_v collect_v alphabetical_o all_o the_o theological_a and_o philosophical_a term_n which_o our_o father_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o book_n which_o they_o compose_v for_o the_o chinese_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o word_n that_o express_v their_o signification_n much_o more_o happy_o and_o easy_o than_o we_o so_o curious_a and_o eloquent_a be_v that_o language_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v of_o i_o perhaps_o how_o it_o can_v be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v so_o many_o signification_n and_o how_o they_o who_o understand_v they_o can_v distinguish_v they_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o variety_n of_o signification_n arise_v from_o the_o various_a couch_n of_o the_o monosyllable_n together_o as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o syllable_n mon_fw-fr and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o accent_n and_o tone_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o syllable_n po._n this_o distinction_n be_v so_o natural_a to_o the_o chinese_n that_o without_o make_v the_o least_o reflection_n upon_o the_o tone_n or_o accent_n they_o ready_o understand_v all_o the_o different_a signification_n of_o the_o same_o monosyllable_n i_o say_v without_o the_o least_o hesitation_n or_o reflection_n for_o that_o indeed_o the_o people_n know_v not_o what_o either_o tone_n or_o accent_n mean_v which_o be_v only_o understand_v by_o the_o poet_n and_o our_o father_n that_o travel_v into_o china_n who_o have_v acquire_v that_o knowledge_n come_v to_o understand_v the_o language_n with_o ease_n which_o else_o they_o can_v never_o do_v without_o a_o extraordinary_a deal_n of_o trouble_n we_o be_v behold_v for_o this_o curious_a and_o profitable_a observation_n of_o the_o tone_n to_o f._n lazaro_n catanco_n and_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o a_o musician_n who_o by_o labour_n and_o skill_n have_v acquire_v a_o readiness_n to_o know_v and_o express_v the_o six_o tone_n ut_fw-la re_fw-mi mi_fw-mi fa_fw-it sol_fw-mi la_o which_o another_o man_n bear_v with_o necessary_a ability_n natural_o express_v and_o distingnish_v without_o the_o help_n of_o rule_n or_o art._n it_o do_v not_o follow_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o chineses_n sing_v out_o their_o word_n when_o they_o speak_v as_o one_o of_o our_o father_n of_o macao_n imagine_v or_o that_o they_o carry_v a_o tablet_n about_o their_o neck_n upon_o which_o they_o write_v down_o what_o they_o will_v say_v when_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v they_o as_o i_o be_v make_v believe_v when_o i_o first_o travel_v into_o the_o empire_n or_o that_o the_o chinese_n can_v whisper_v a_o man_n in_o the_o ear_n as_o once_o i_o think_v imagine_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o to_o exalt_v their_o voice_n to_o express_v their_o tone_n and_o accent_n the_o contrary_a to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o evince_v by_o this_o example_n shall_v i_o say_v in_o europe_n that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o tone_n in_o the_o syllable_n to_o of_o the_o latin_a word_n totus_fw-la and_o totaliter_fw-la perhaps_o i_o shall_v hardly_o be_v believe_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a for_o in_o totus_fw-la to_o be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o clear_a and_o strong_a voice_n by_o open_v the_o lip_n but_o in_o totaliter_fw-la the_o same_o syllable_n be_v pronounce_v with_o a_o weak_a sound_n and_o with_o the_o lip_n more_o close_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n the_o syllable_n to_o pronounce_v with_o a_o acute_a and_o elevate_a accent_n have_v the_o same_o sound_n that_o to_o in_o totus_fw-la and_o signify_v slothful_a or_o to_o fall_v in_o regard_n a_o slothful_a man_n seem_v as_o if_o he_o be_v tumble_v every_o step_n he_o take_v but_o to_o in_o the_o chinese_n language_n pronounce_v with_o a_o circumflex_n mark_v with_o a_o point_n have_v the_o same_o sound_n with_o to_o in_o totaliter_fw-la and_o signify_v to_o study_v or_o a_o solitary_a person_n because_o that_o a_o man_n must_v be_v retire_v that_o will_v read_v or_o study_v to_o advantage_n the_o chinese_n language_n have_v many_o other_o quality_n and_o advantage_n that_o show_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o those_o that_o invent_v it_o but_o i_o pass_v they_o over_o in_o silence_n for_o brevity_n sake_n however_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a than_o the_o greek_a the_o latin_a or_o any_o of_o the_o other_o language_n of_o europe_n at_o least_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o but_o that_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a than_o the_o language_n of_o those_o other_o country_n where_o our_o society_n be_v employ_v in_o mission_n which_o be_v a_o advantage_n not_o a_o little_a considerable_a nor_o be_v this_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v question_v in_o regard_n my_o sentiment_n be_v conformable_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o more_o condnce_n to_o the_o acquire_v of_o a_o language_n then_o the_o memory_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o language_n must_v be_v the_o most_o easy_a which_o have_v few_o word_n in_o regard_v a_o small_a number_n of_o word_n be_v more_o easy_o retain_v then_o a_o more_o copious_a quantity_n now_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v the_o most_o concise_a of_o all_o other_o as_o not_o be_v compose_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o monosyllable_n whereas_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a contain_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o word_n of_o tense_n mood_n number_n person_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o chinese_n language_n require_v only_o a_o memory_n to_o retain_v the_o accent_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o form_n that_o distinguish_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o to_o learn_v how_o to_o pronounce_v the_o three_o hundred_o monosyllable_n in_o the_o second_o place_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o he_o who_o will_v industrious_o and_o under_o a_o good_a method_n apply_v himself_o to_o study_v the_o chinese_n language_n may_v be_v able_a in_o a_o year_n time_n to_o understand_v and_o speak_v it_o very_o well_o and_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o our_o father_n that_o be_v at_o present_a employ_v in_o the_o mission_n at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o year_n become_v so_o perfect_a in_o the_o language_n that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o confess_v catechise_v preach_v and_o compose_v with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o in_o their_o own_o native_a tongue_n though_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o resemblance_n between_o their_o language_n and_o we_o and_o that_o the_o father_n be_v general_o person_n far_o advance_v in_o year_n which_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o in_o europe_n where_o the_o language_n general_o have_v a_o dependence_n one_o upon_o another_o that_o there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v of_o this_o apparent_a truth_n when_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a number_n of_o book_n which_o the_o father_n have_v make_v and_o translate_v and_o daily_o make_v and_o translate_v into_o the_o chinese_n language_n which_o be_v esteem_v and_o admire_v by_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o such_o as_o be_v those_o book_n which_o father_n matthew_n riccio_n compose_v upon_o our_o sacred_a law_n and_o upon_o several_a other_o subject_n of_o who_o the_o chineses_n speak_v to_o this_o day_n as_o of_o a_o prodigy_n of_o knowledge_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n so_o that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o empire_n that_o do_v not_o know_v and_o speak_v of_o he_o with_o applause_n the_o learned_a quote_v he_o in_o their_o write_n as_o one_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a doctor_n and_o the_o handicraft-workman_n to_o put_v off_o their_o ware_n and_o sell_v they_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n assure_v the_o buyer_n that_o they_o be_v the_o invention_n of_o that_o illustrious_a person_n father_n matthew_n riccio_n in_o short_a they_o esteem_v and_o honour_v he_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o several_a believe_v that_o as_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr u_fw-mi be_v the_o prince_n the_o saint_n the_o master_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o chinese_n so_o father_n matthew_n riccio_n be_v the_o same_o among_o the_o european_n which_o be_v the_o high_a praise_n those_o idoliser_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-fr ci_fw-fr we_o can_v give_v he_o father_n diego_n pantoja_n have_v also_o compose_v several_a learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o seven_o deadly_a sin_n of_o the_o seven_o virtue_n which_o be_v their_o contrary_n upon_o the_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la upon_o the_o ave-marie_a and_o the_o credo_fw-la the_o father_n alfonso_n vanhone_n and_o julio_n aleni_n write_v several_a tome_n upon_o the_o christian_a religion_n upon_o the_o life_n of_o christ_n of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n and_o the_o saint_n
and_o upon_o several_a other_o subject_n father_n manuel_n dias_n the_o young_a translate_v all_o the_o gospel_n with_o the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o father_n which_o make_v a_o work_n no_o less_o large_a then_o pious_a and_o learned_a father_n francis_n furtado_n publish_v a_o treatise_n of_o rhetoric_n and_o logic_n with_o certain_a other_o book_n de_fw-mi coelo_fw-la and_o de_fw-la mundo_fw-la as_o also_o of_o the_o soul_n of_o man._n the_o father_n john_n terencio_n john_n roose_n and_o john_n adam_n have_v write_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n upon_o our_o holy_a law_n and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n father_n lewis_n buglio_n who_o be_v always_o my_o chief_a consolation_n and_o inseparable_a companion_n in_o all_o my_o travel_n affliction_n and_o imprisonment_n for_o thirty_o year_n together_o translate_v the_o first_o part_n of_o st._n thomas_n which_o the_o more_o learned_a chineses_n esteem_n and_o admire_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o i_o hear_v one_o of_o they_o who_o have_v read_v the_o treatise_n of_o god_n declare_v his_o thought_n in_o these_o word_n certain_o this_o book_n be_v a_o mirror_n wherein_o to_o let_v we_o see_v our_o own_o ignorance_n the_o same_o father_n buglio_n write_v several_a other_o piece_n upon_o several_a other_o subject_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o eloquent_a and_o learned_a apology_n in_o answer_n to_o a_o book_n which_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la that_o wicked_a infidel_n publish_v both_o in_o this_o court_n and_o over_o the_o whole_a empire_n against_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o the_o preacher_n of_o it_o and_o which_o he_o entitle_v pu_o te_fw-mi y_fw-fr because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o whereupon_o the_o father_n that_o he_o may_v conform_v himself_o to_o the_o style_n and_o language_n of_o the_o country_n entitle_v his_o answer_n i_o have_v answer_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v both_o title_n be_v very_o significant_a in_o the_o chinese_n language_n but_o the_o father_n be_v more_o high_o esteem_v because_o it_o carry_v two_o signification_n the_o first_o i_o refute_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v the_o second_o i_o have_v refute_v a_o book_n entitle_v because_o i_o can_v no_o long_o forbear_v and_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o the_o father_n compose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o book_n in_o the_o boat_n upon_o the_o road_n and_o in_o the_o inn_n under_o the_o power_n of_o rebel_n and_o barbarian_n in_o prison_n with_o three_o chain_n upon_o his_o leg_n three_o about_o his_o neck_n and_o six_o upon_o his_o hand_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o continual_a persecution_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o in_o praise_n of_o that_o person_n true_o pious_a and_o oâ—…_n great_a reputation_n do_v i_o not_o fear_v that_o the_o shâ—…e_n which_o i_o have_v in_o his_o suffering_n and_o the_o strict_a friendship_n that_o be_v between_o we_o will_v render_v i_o suspect_v of_o too_o much_o partiality_n father_n ferdinand_n verâ—…stâ—…t_v â—…t_z the_o same_o time_n write_v a_o learned_a answer_n to_o 〈◊〉_d or_o rather_o a_o satyr_n full_a of_o mistake_v aâ—…d_v dolâ—…â—…norance_n which_o the_o same_o yam_n quam_fw-la siem_fw-la write_v against_o the_o european_a mathematics_n father_n anthony_n gouvea_fw-mi compose_v a_o catechism_n father_n john_n monteiro_n write_v two_o book_n the_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o other_o of_o true_a adoration_n father_n francis_n sambiesi_n write_v four_o treatise_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o moral_n of_o paint_v and_o sound_v all_o very_a short_a and_o high_o esteem_v i_o myself_o write_v a_o treatise_n of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o another_o of_o the_o universal_a resurrection_n nicholas_n trigaut_n lazaro_n cataneo_fw-la gaspar_n ferreira_n and_o alvero_n semedo_n all_o father_n of_o the_o society_n have_v compose_v dictionary_n very_o large_a and_o very_a exact_a and_o gaspar_n ferreira_n have_v write_v above_o twenty_o treatise_n upon_o several_a subject_n father_n soeiro_n make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n and_o father_n nicholas_n longobardo_n who_o die_v but_o a_o few_o year_n ago_o in_o this_o court_n fourscore_o and_o sixteen_o year_n old_a have_v write_v several_a godly_a treatise_n beside_o a_o treatise_n of_o earthquakes_a high_o esteem_v by_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o empire_n in_o short_a there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o book_n write_v concern_v the_o christian_a religion_n and_o of_o all_o science_n and_o subject_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o above_o five_o hundred_o tome_n print_v beside_o manuscript_n there_o be_v print_v in_o china_n a_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o father_n that_o ever_o travel_a into_o the_o country_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n wherein_o be_v also_o the_o name_n set_v of_o all_o the_o book_n which_o they_o have_v write_v from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o so_o many_o book_n can_v never_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o write_v in_o a_o foreign_a language_n and_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n have_v not_o the_o language_n be_v very_o easy_a so_o that_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v more_o easy_a to_o learn_v then_o any_o other_o and_o that_o it_o be_v withal_o very_o elegant_a very_o copious_a and_o very_o expressive_a since_o it_o want_v for_o no_o term_n to_o explain_v and_o unfold_v the_o subtlety_n and_o mystery_n of_o theology_n philosophy_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o science_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o first_o paragraph_n of_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o commentary_n which_o i_o make_v upon_o the_o work_v of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la with_o which_o our_o father_n always_o begin_v when_o they_o first_o set_v themselves_o to_o study_v the_o chinese_n letter_n and_o language_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o short_a sample_n the_o beauty_n of_o the_o language_n and_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o people_n may_v be_v the_o better_o display_v they_o read_v the_o letter_n beginning_n from_o the_o top_n down_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a but_o that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n i_o have_v place_v the_o first_o column_n upon_o the_o left-hand_a to_o explain_v they_o you_o must_v put_v they_o together_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o cipher_n the_o mark_n or_o zero_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o letter_n be_v the_o point_n and_o accent_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o order_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o text_n be_v take_v from_o two_o chinese_n commentator_n of_o which_o the_o one_o who_o live_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v call_v chun_n hi_o and_o the_o other_o who_o be_v a_o colao_n be_v name_v chamm_n kiù_fw-fr chim_z who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1610_o at_o what_o time_n matthew_n riccio_n arrive_v at_o this_o court_n of_o who_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o great_a man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o consist_v in_o the_o second_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o renew_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 2_o to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3_o the_o people_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o the_o rule_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o consist_v in_o the_o 3d_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 5_o to_o stop_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o to_o enlighten_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 6_o at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o reasonable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 7_o the_o sovereign_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8_o good_n the_o commentary_n and_o explanation_n of_o the_o text._n the_o method_n for_o great_a man_n to_o learn_v consistâ—…_n in_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o unfold_v the_o rational_a nature_n the_o second_o be_v to_o reform_v mankind_n and_o the_o three_o to_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o rational_a nature_n be_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n for_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o distinct_a on_o between_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o will_n but_o attribute_n to_o the_o heart_n what_o ever_o we_o attribute_v to_o those_o faculty_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o substance_n pure_a and_o intelligent_a without_o any_o darkness_n or_o obscurity_n and_o where_o man_n have_v always_o ready_a all_o requisite_a reason_n to_o answer_v to_o all_o difficulty_n that_o present_v themselves_o but_o because_o that_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n of_o our_o birth_n this_o intelligent_a and_o rational_a nature_n be_v cage_a up_o and_o enclose_v within_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o body_n and_o for_o that_o our_o inordinate_a
passion_n keep_v it_o bind_v and_o chain_v it_o come_v to_o be_v obscure_v and_o trouble_v for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o man_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o learning_n and_o information_n by_o put_v of_o question_n to_o the_o end_n the_o rational_a heart_n may_v be_v deliver_v from_o its_o bondage_n and_o slavery_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v the_o chain_n and_o fetter_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o return_v to_o its_o primitive_a beauty_n light_n and_o understanding_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o a_o tarnished_a mirror_n be_v polish_a recover_v its_o former_a luster_n the_o second_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o people_n for_o example_n i_o who_o be_o a_o king_n a_o magistrate_n a_o father_n of_o a_o family_n etc._n etc._n if_o i_o have_v already_o purify_v my_o rational_a nature_n it_o be_v my_o duty_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o she_o may_v be_v able_a to_o communicate_v herself_o to_o other_o man_n by_o cause_v they_o to_o abandon_v the_o corruption_n and_o defilement_n of_o vice_n and_o evil_a custom_n and_o i_o ought_v to_o deal_v so_o by_o my_o people_n as_o i_o do_v with_o garment_n when_o they_o be_v spot_v or_o besmear_v for_o if_o they_o be_v well_o wash_v and_o scour_v they_o become_v clean_a and_o handsome_a as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consist_v in_o attain_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good._n this_o sovereign_a good_a be_v the_o sovereign_a accord_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o reason_n when_o great_a man_n enlighten_v their_o intelligent_a nature_n and_o renew_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o people_n they_o do_v it_o not_o by_o haphazard_n or_o without_o design_n but_o all_o their_o end_n be_v to_o bring_v their_o virtue_n to_o perfection_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v not_o be_v one_o single_a person_n among_o the_o people_n who_o virtue_n be_v not_o renew_v or_o who_o be_v not_o renew_v by_o virtue_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v at_o a_o degree_n so_o sublime_a and_o to_o 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arrive_v at_o the_o sovereign_n good_a which_o be_v god_n the_o supreme_a and_o utmost_a end_n of_o all_o thing_n nevertheless_o the_o chineses_n be_v pagan_n and_o carnal_o mind_a people_n have_v accommodate_v these_o three_o point_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o like_a politician_n they_o place_v all_o their_o happiness_n and_o ultimate_a end._n in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n do_v understand_v there_o be_v a_o god._n and_o therefore_o when_o i_o oppose_v their_o learned_a man_n in_o dispute_n i_o frequent_o make_v use_v of_o this_o dilemma_n either_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la do_v understand_v what_o he_o design_v or_o he_o do_v not_o if_o he_o do_v understand_v what_o he_o define_v he_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n who_o be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o sovereign_n good_a of_o which_o he_o speak_v and_o which_o you_o also_o aught_o to_o know_v and_o adore_v as_o well_o as_o he_o if_o he_o do_v not_o 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have_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o as_o for_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o they_o may_v consult_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o f._n semedo_n who_o full_o confirm_v what_o here_o f._n magaillans_n avouch_v i_o must_v only_o observe_v this_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o give_v we_o in_o this_o place_n a_o idea_n of_o the_o chinese_n language_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o give_v we_o former_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o wit_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o their_o principal_a book_n one_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o aâ—…ia_n be_v very_o fertile_a in_o great_a wiâ—…s_n but_o he_o will_v have_v be_v more_o strong_o confirm_v in_o his_o opinion_n have_v he_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o china_n for_o if_o they_o who_o best_o invent_v most_o sudden_o and_o easy_o may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v more_o subtle_a and_o better_a wit_n than_o other_o the_o chineses_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o nation_n since_o they_o be_v 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the_o province_n more_o especial_o the_o southern_a there_o be_v not_o any_o man_n poor_a or_o rich_a citizen_n or_o husbandman_n that_o can_v both_o write_v and_o read._n and_o in_o short_a i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o region_n unless_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d that_o have_v publish_v so_o many_o book_n as_o the_o chineses_n have_v do_v the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v almost_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o deluge_n as_o begin_v not_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n after_o it_o and_o be_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a time_n by_o several_a author_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v guess_v at_o the_o number_n of_o volume_n which_o their_o history_n contain_v they_o have_v several_a book_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o nature_n her_o property_n and_o accident_n it_o be_v true_a they_o intermix_v mistake_n and_o impertinence_n with_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v
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be_v to_o say_v that_o though_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text_n of_o that_o first_o book_n be_v cil_n niù_fw-fr those_o two_o monosyllable_n do_v not_o signify_v two_o daughter_n but_o the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n yao_n which_o he_o marry_v to_o his_o successor_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o present_a never_o give_v no_o other_o name_n for_o distinction_n sake_n but_o only_o that_o of_o the_o order_n of_o their_o birth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o third_z son._n so_o that_o when_o they_o read_v that_o yao_n give_v to_o xùn_n cil_n niù_fw-fr the_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n give_v he_o his_o second_o daughter_n the_o letter_n cil_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o figure_n 2_o among_o we_o that_o emperor_n xùn_o be_v applaud_v in_o this_o book_n for_o many_o virtue_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o his_o obedience_n to_o his_o father_n and_o his_o affection_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o both_o endeavour_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o several_a time_n but_o he_o suffer_v all_o their_o cruelty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a patience_n among_o other_o example_n of_o his_o virtue_n there_o be_v two_o philosopher_n who_o report_n how_o that_o one_o day_n his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v both_o as_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v virtuous_a command_v he_o to_o go_v down_o into_o a_o well_o to_o cleanse_v it_o immediate_o he_o obey_v but_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o the_o bottom_n but_o those_o barbarian_n transport_v with_o fury_n and_o malice_n draw_v the_o ladder_n and_o throw_v down_o great_a stone_n piece_n of_o wood_n and_o what_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v next_o at_o hand_n to_o destroy_v he_o in_o the_o well_o however_o he_o get_v out_o through_o a_o passage_n which_o he_o discover_v under_o ground_n nevertheless_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v to_o revenge_v that_o excess_n of_o fury_n and_o inhumaniâ—…y_n that_o he_o repay_v they_o with_o great_a mark_n than_o ever_o of_o respect_n and_o love._n the_o three_o emperor_n be_v call_v yù_n who_o have_v serve_v the_o emperor_n xùn_n during_o his_o life_n time_n with_o great_a loyalty_n and_o advantage_n the_o die_a prince_n make_v choice_n of_o he_o for_o his_o successor_n in_o regard_n that_o his_o son_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a be_v no_o way_n endow_v with_o part_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n yù_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n take_v care_n to_o drain_v away_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o at_o that_o time_n overslow_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plain_n of_o china_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hûm_fw-la xùi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n this_o emperor_n be_v desirous_a as_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o to_o choose_v for_o his_o successor_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v you_o who_o have_v be_v assistant_n to_o he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o 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