word_n or_o title_n gennadius_n allude_v in_o his_o rehearsal_n of_o the_o athanasian_n creed_n call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o confessor_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v last_o nicetas_n metropolitan_a of_o heraclea_n in_o his_o note_n on_o this_o oration_n understand_v it_o of_o this_o creed_n cap._n iii_o the_o time_n and_o place_n wherein_o athanasius_n write_v his_o creed_n together_o with_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o cause_n wherefore_o he_o write_v it_o and_o the_o language_n wherein_o have_v produce_v these_o testimony_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o author_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o creed_n i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o far_a illustration_n of_o this_o argument_n examine_v in_o brief_a these_o three_o particular_n first_o when_o where_o and_o to_o who_o this_o creed_n be_v write_v to_o who_o viz._n to_o p._n julius_n liberius_n or_o the_o emperor_n jovianus_n where_o at_o rome_n trier_n or_o alexandria_n when_o in_o the_o year_n 340_o before_o or_o after_o second_o the_o ground_n or_o cause_n whereupon_o it_o be_v write_v three_o the_o language_n wherein_o it_o be_v write_v first_o as_o to_o the_o time_n place_n and_o person_n to_o who_o pelargus_n will_v have_v it_o write_v in_o a_o synod_n at_o alexandria_n and_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o other_o say_v it_o be_v write_v in_o a_o well_o at_o trier_n as_o the_o inscription_n of_o that_o well_o testifyes_n so_o possevine_v in_o his_o apparatus_fw-la genebrard_n also_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o german_a monk_n at_o paris_n he_o find_v a_o imperfect_a copy_n of_o the_o synod_n take_v forth_o by_o a_o nameless_a author_n which_o testify_v the_o same_o in_o these_o word_n fertur_fw-la athanasius_n patriarcha_fw-la symbolum_n praedictum_fw-la edidisse_fw-la apud_fw-la treverim_n in_o quodam_fw-la puteo_fw-la latitans_fw-la propter_fw-la gravissimam_fw-la persecutionem_fw-la arianorum_n &_o praecipue_fw-la constantii_n imperatoris_fw-la ariani_n qui_fw-la eum_fw-la ubique_fw-la perquiri_fw-la faciebat_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la quia_fw-la nolebat_fw-la haeresi_fw-la arianae_n consentire_fw-la nauclerus_fw-la report_v the_o same_o in_o his_o chronology_n seculo_fw-la 12_o mo_z but_o the_o more_o rceeive_v opinion_n be_v that_o athanasius_n give_v in_o this_o his_o creed_n in_o write_v unto_o julius_n bp_o of_o rome_n in_o in_o a_o synod_n of_o 50_o western_a bishop_n there_o assemble_v in_o his_o cause_n so_o baronius_n ad_fw-la an._n 340._o athanasius_n romam_fw-la citatus_fw-la quantumlibet_fw-la ipsius_fw-la fides_n catholica_fw-la omnibus_fw-la innotuisset_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la penitus_fw-la potuerit_fw-la suboriri_fw-la suspicio_fw-la tamen_fw-la romanae_fw-la sedis_fw-la communicationem_fw-la haud_fw-la habere_fw-la licuisset_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la episcoporun_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la synodum_fw-la convenissent_fw-la nec_fw-la plane_n audiendus_fw-la esset_fw-la qui_fw-la reuâ—_n advenerat_fw-la nesi_fw-la edita_fw-la publicè_fw-la catholicae_fw-la fidei_fw-la professione_n eademque_fw-la ex_fw-la more_fw-it latino_fw-la sermone_fw-la coram_fw-la pontifice_fw-la &_o ei_fw-la assidentibus_fw-la recitata_fw-la athanasius_n say_v he_o be_v cite_v to_o rome_n although_o the_o catholicknesse_n of_o his_o faith_n be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o suspicion_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v obtain_v communion_n with_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n nor_o the_o other_o bishop_n who_o come_v unto_o the_o synod_n neither_o indeed_o be_v he_o to_o be_v hear_v be_v a_o person_n accuse_v before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n and_o that_o according_a to_o custom_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n before_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o his_o assessor_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v binius_fw-la who_o in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o the_o counsel_n set_v down_o for_o one_o the_o second_o roman_a council_n hold_v by_o julius_n and_o above_o 50_o bishop_n when_o athanasius_n have_v now_o expect_v the_o come_n of_o the_o eusebian_n to_o rome_n above_o eighteen_o month_n at_o the_o same_o time_n say_v he_o publicam_fw-la catholicae_fw-la fidei_fw-la professionem_fw-la quae_fw-la symbolum_n athanasii_fw-la appellatur_fw-la latino_fw-la sermone_fw-la coram_fw-la pontifice_fw-la eique_fw-la assidentibus_fw-la recitavit_fw-la hanc_fw-la pontifex_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la cognitam_fw-la atque_fw-la susceptam_fw-la unà _fw-la cum_fw-la act_n synodi_fw-la in_o amplissimo_fw-la romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la archivo_fw-la collocari_fw-la mandavit_fw-la that_o be_v athanasius_n then_o make_v a_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n which_o be_v call_v his_o creed_n rehearse_v it_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n before_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n and_o his_o assessor_n this_o creed_n so_o acknowledge_v and_o receive_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o the_o roman_a church_n together_o with_o the_o act_n of_o the_o synod_n manuel_n caleca_n in_o his_o forecited_a book_n against_o the_o greek_n agree_v in_o substance_n with_o bâ—nius_n and_o baronius_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o place_v the_o write_n of_o this_o creed_n a_o year_n soon_o and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v send_v to_o p._n julius_n not_o deliver_v he_o in_o presence_n these_o be_v his_o word_n gregorius_n theologus_fw-la in_o athanasii_fw-la laudibus_fw-la ipsius_fw-la meminit_fw-la dicens_fw-la solus_fw-la ille_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la paucis_fw-la admodum_fw-la ausus_fw-la est_fw-la veritatem_fw-la in_o scriptis_fw-la confiteri_fw-la etc._n etc._n quam_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la conscriptam_fw-la ad_fw-la julium_n romanum_fw-la pontificem_fw-la misit_fw-la cum_fw-la insimulareâ—ur_fw-la non_fw-la rectae_fw-la esse_fw-la fidei_fw-la now_o all_o these_o opinion_n may_v well_o agree_v according_a to_o possevins_n conjecture_n who_o in_o his_o apparatus_fw-la verbo_fw-la athanasius_n think_v it_o probable_a ut_fw-la sanct_a trinitatis_fw-la acerrimus_fw-la propugnator_fw-la hymnum_fw-la illum_fw-la he_o mean_v his_o creed_n because_o sing_v hymne-wsie_a in_o the_o church-service_n locis_fw-la quibus_fw-la potuit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la scripser_n it_o cantaverit_fw-la disseminaverit_fw-la so_o that_o he_o may_v write_v it_o at_o several_a time_n in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a place_n first_o at_o trier_n as_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o well_o there_o be_v say_v to_o witness_v when_o he_o be_v first_o banish_v about_o the_o year_n 336._o second_o he_o may_v send_v it_o in_o write_v to_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n when_o the_o eusebian_n faction_n send_v legate_n unto_o he_o with_o letter_n to_o accuse_v athanasius_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 339._o three_o he_o may_v give_v it_o in_o write_v to_o the_o synod_n at_o rome_n of_o which_o julius_n be_v precedent_n to_o satisfy_v they_o all_o concern_v his_o belief_n a._n d._n 340._o last_o he_o may_v send_v it_o from_o a_o synod_n at_o alexandria_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n either_o to_o constantius_n in_o his_o synod_n hold_v a._n d._n 339._o or_o rather_o to_o jovianus_n in_o his_o last_o synod_n hold_v about_o the_o year_n 364_o together_o with_o the_o synodical_a epistle_n before_o mention_v which_o nazianzen_n seem_v to_o imply_v in_o the_o forecited_a oration_n where_o he_o oppose_v emperor_n to_o emperor_n as_o well_o as_o doctrine_n to_o doctrine_n that_o be_v the_o catholic_n jovians_n to_o constantius_n the_o arian_n as_o well_o as_o the_o orthodox_n creed_n to_o the_o heretical_a confession_n except_o we_o will_v say_v that_o this_o creed_n be_v exhibit_v in_o the_o council_n of_o sardica_n a_o famous_a city_n in_o illyricum_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 347_o and_o call_v by_o constans_n the_o emperor_n of_o the_o west_n who_o favour_v athanasius_n and_o by_o constantius_n joint_o or_o to_o valentinian_n the_o successor_n of_o jovianus_n in_o who_o time_n athanasius_n live_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n but_o for_o this_o we_o have_v no_o author_n testimony_n the_o same_o creed_n be_v probable_o send_v also_o to_o liberius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o second_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n or_o cause_n whererupon_o athanasius_n frame_v his_o creed_n i_o answer_v that_o he_o write_v it_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o faith_n &_o to_o vindicate_v himself_o from_o the_o recrimination_n of_o his_o adversary_n who_o accuse_v he_o of_o sabellianisme_n as_o he_o do_v they_o of_o ariniasme_n indeed_o who_o can_v with_o any_o likelihood_n suppose_v but_o that_o athanasius_n in_o his_o so_o many_o year_n persecution_n by_o the_o arian_n set_v forth_o some_o where_o the_o confession_n of_o his_o faith_n to_o clear_v himself_o and_o that_o the_o orthodox_n may_v see_v for_o what_o cause_n they_o so_o pertinacious_o vex_v he_o now_o that_o this_o creed_n be_v that_o confession_n will_v appear_v beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o allege_v by_o the_o agreement_n thereof_o both_o in_o word_n &_o sense_n with_o those_o more_o full_a &_o large_a treatise_n of_o his_o against_o the_o arian_n whereof_o this_o seem_v a_o compendium_n and_o by_o the_o constant_a tradition_n of_o the_o church_n which_o have_v receive_v this_o and_o
set_v down_o the_o article_n but_o catechetical_o explain_v they_o also_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n which_o precede_v and_o there_o have_v be_v no_o reason_n ever_o yet_o assign_v to_o make_v we_o doubt_v of_o the_o compose_n of_o these_o catecheses_n by_o the_o same_o man_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o he_o be_v catechist_n which_o be_v in_o his_o youthful_a age_n see_v they_o all_o alike_a relish_n of_o the_o same_o juvenile_n extemporary_a stile_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o have_v make_v some_o to_o doubt_n whether_o any_o of_o they_o be_v cyril_n or_o no_o because_o they_o seem_v not_o elaborate_a enough_o for_o so_o grave_a a_o patriarch_n though_o they_o seem_v indeed_o to_o have_v be_v set_v forth_o by_o his_o successor_n john_n and_o thence_o become_v entitle_v unto_o he_o by_o some_o latter_a unwary_a transcriber_n which_o may_v serve_v to_o satisfy_v that_o objection_n take_v out_o of_o simlerus_n who_o in_o his_o index_n of_o those_o book_n which_o the_o city_n of_o auspurgh_n buy_v of_o antony_n eparch_n of_o coreyra_n reckon_v joannis_n jerosol_n catech._n illuminat_fw-la duâ—deviginti_fw-la &_o mystagogicus_fw-la quinque_fw-la if_o any_o yet_o desire_n to_o have_v this_o more_o full_o and_o clear_o demonstrate_v viz._n that_o the_o eastern_a church_n have_v a_o ancient_a form_n of_o belief_n derive_v to_o they_o from_o the_o apostle_n and_o whereto_o they_o profess_v to_o add_v nothing_o in_o their_o follow_a confession_n because_o as_o it_o be_v more_o obscure_a so_o it_o be_v more_o oppugned_a they_o may_v please_v to_o consult_v these_o follow_a testimony_n 1._o epiphanius_n in_o his_o book_n call_v anchoratus_n have_v set_v down_o the_o nicene_n creed_n as_o we_o now_o have_v it_o at_o large_a adjoyne_v these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d this_o faith_n say_v he_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o holy_a apostle_n and_o in_o the_o church_n the_o holy_a city_n by_o all_o the_o holy_a bishop_n together_o above_o 310_o in_o number_n the_o same_o creed_n than_o be_v deliver_v by_o both_o by_o the_o apostle_n as_o the_o primitive_a author_n by_o the_o nicene_n father_n as_o the_o expositor_n the_o nicene_n creed_n thus_o at_o full_a set_v down_o by_o epiphanius_n be_v write_v seven_o year_n before_o the_o first_o council_n of_o constantinople_n which_o first_o add_v all_o after_o the_o article_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n unto_o that_o form_n which_o the_o nicene_n father_n have_v deliver_v although_o they_o be_v not_o the_o first_o framer_n of_o those_o additional_a article_n and_o have_v thus_o complete_v the_o creed_n by_o borrow_v the_o remain_a article_n from_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n confirm_v the_o entire_a form_n by_o their_o synodical_a authority_n and_o so_o commend_v yea_o prescribe_v the_o whole_a to_o the_o catholic_n church_n 2._o the_o succeed_a counsel_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o they_o and_o their_o predecessor_n be_v neither_o author_n of_o any_o new_a faith_n nor_o adder_n to_o it_o but_o only_a establisher_n and_o exposiror_n of_o the_o old_a the_o first_o council_n of_o constantinople_n which_o be_v the_o second_o general_n call_v the_o nicene_n creed_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d most_o ancient_a although_o that_o synod_n be_v celebrate_v but_o 56_o year_n before_o the_o reason_n therefore_o of_o this_o title_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o that_o creed_n not_o as_o first_o compose_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o nicene_n synod_n but_o as_o derive_v and_o declare_v out_o of_o a_o creed_n ab_fw-la ultima_fw-la antiquitate_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la recepto_fw-la receive_v in_o the_o church_n from_o all_o antiquity_n as_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n have_v right_o express_v it_o they_o also_o decree_v to_o retain_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n theod._n lib._n 5._o hist_o cap._n 9_o the_o bishop_n assemble_v at_o tyre_n anno_fw-la 518._o profess_v to_o embrace_v the_o nicene_n creed_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d expound_v not_o make_v by_o that_o synod_n act._n council_n 5._o constant_n sub_fw-la mennâ_fw-la and_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v that_o holy_a creed_n whereinto_o we_o be_v all_o baptise_a the_o nicene_n synod_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v public_o declare_v that_o of_o constantinople_n have_v ratify_v that_o of_o ephesus_n have_v confirm_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o great_a holy_a synod_n of_o chalcedon_n have_v seal_v the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n which_o be_v the_o four_o general_n style_v the_o creed_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o doctrine_n unshaken_a or_o unmoved_a from_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n and_o withal_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o counsel_n of_o nice_a and_o constantinople_n expound_v the_o faith_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o add_v ought_v as_o if_o the_o faith_n of_o their_o predecessor_n have_v be_v deficient_a but_o declare_v their_o sense_n by_o scripture_n testimony_n evagr._fw-la lib._n 2._o cap._n 4._o to_o this_o agree_v also_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n write_v to_o epiphanius_n patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n we_o keep_v say_v he_o that_o decree_n of_o faith_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o symbol_n which_o be_v explain_v by_o the_o 118_o father_n in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a which_o also_o the_o 150_o father_n in_o the_o first_o council_n of_o constantinople_n far_o declare_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o as_o though_o the_o ancient_a faith_n be_v defective_a but_o because_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o truth_n partly_o reject_v the_o divinity_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n partly_o deny_v the_o incarnation_n of_o god_n the_o word_n therefore_o the_o say_a father_n by_o testimony_n out_o of_o scripture_n explain_v this_o doctrine_n more_o at_o large_a thus_o he_o 7._o leg_n cord._n de_fw-fr summâ_fw-la trinitate_fw-la &_o fide_fw-la catholicâ_fw-la 3._o to_o give_v you_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o western_a church_n for_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n the_o liturgy_n call_v ordo_fw-la romanus_n a_o book_n of_o know_a authority_n and_o antiquity_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o nicene_n creed_n have_v these_o word_n direct_v to_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o pronounce_v it_o before_o their_o baptism_n audite_fw-la suscipientes_fw-la evangelici_fw-la symboli_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la inspiratum_fw-la ab_fw-la apostolis_n institutum_fw-la cujus_fw-la pauca_fw-la quidem_fw-la verba_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la magna_fw-la mysteria_fw-la in_o which_o word_n the_o nicene_n creed_n be_v call_v the_o evangelicall_n symbol_n inspire_v by_o christ_n and_o ordain_v by_o his_o apostle_n and_o another_o old_a latin_a liturgy_n in_o use_n about_o the_o year_n 700_o have_v these_o word_n of_o the_o same_o creed_n finito_fw-la symbolo_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la dicat_fw-la sacerdos_n dominus_fw-la vobiscum_fw-la where_o it_o be_v also_o express_o call_v the_o creed_n of_o the_o apostle_n that_o be_v the_o same_o explain_v and_o enlarge_v for_o these_o testimony_n i_o be_o indebt_v to_o the_o say_v r._n and_o learned_a bishop_n now_o for_o a_o close_a to_o these_o authority_n and_o argument_n i_o shall_v subjoyne_v the_o testimony_n of_o franc._n quaresimus_n of_o the_o order_n of_o minor_n a_o person_n of_o good_a note_n in_o the_o romish_a church_n as_o who_o be_v make_v by_o the_o pope_n his_o precedent_n and_o apostolic_a commissary_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n during_o which_o office_n of_o he_o he_o take_v incredible_a pain_n in_o search_v out_o the_o antiquity_n of_o palestine_n now_o this_o author_n in_o his_o book_n call_v elucidatio_fw-la terrae_fw-la sanctae_fw-la tom._n 2._o lib._n 4._o perear_n 9_o cap._n 1._o bring_v two_o opinion_n concern_v the_o place_n wherein_o the_o apostle_n compose_v the_o creed_n the_o first_o that_o of_o adrichomius_n who_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o place_n be_v caenaculum_fw-la zion_n a_o place_n famous_a for_o many_o other_o sacred_a action_n as_o wherein_o our_o bless_a saviour_n celebrate_v his_o last_o supper_n and_o institute_v the_o most_o holy_a eucharist_n wherein_o the_o holy_a ghost_n descend_v on_o the_o apostle_n at_o pentecost_n and_o wherein_o they_o hold_v that_o famous_a council_n about_o the_o abrogate_a of_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n act._n 15._o consonant_o to_o which_o tradition_n he_o bring_v that_o say_n of_o the_o evangelicall_n prophet_n out_o of_o zion_n shall_v go_v forth_o the_o law_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n from_o jerusalem_n isa_n 2._o 3._o the_o second_o that_o of_o friar_n anselme_n and_o other_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o apostle_n frame_v the_o creed_n be_v on_o mount_n olivet_n three_o bow-shootes_a from_o the_o place_n where_o christ_n be_v say_v to_o have_v weep_v over_o jerusalem_n for_o which_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n quia_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la istis_fw-la traditio_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la
extitissent_fw-la diversisque_fw-la nominibus_fw-la columbam_fw-la dei_fw-la atque_fw-la reginam_fw-la lacerare_fw-la per_fw-la part_n &_o scindere_fw-la niterentur_fw-la nun_n cognomen_fw-la suum_fw-la plebs_fw-la apostolica_fw-la postulabat_fw-la quo_fw-la incorrupti_fw-la populi_n distingueret_fw-la unitatem_fw-la ne_fw-la intemeratam_fw-la dei_fw-la virginem_fw-la error_n aliquorum_fw-la per_fw-la membra_fw-la laceraret_fw-la where_o we_o may_v observe_v first_o that_o he_o mention_n not_o at_o all_o the_o apply_v of_o the_o word_n catholic_n to_o the_o church_n or_o whole_a company_n of_o believer_n as_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o creed_n for_o this_o be_v not_o call_v in_o question_n by_o sympronianus_n but_o the_o aply_n of_o it_o to_o particular_a person_n which_o in_o the_o apostle_n time_n be_v call_v disciple_n or_o christian_n not_o catholic_n as_o sympronianus_n object_v second_o that_o pacianus_n absolute_o grant_v not_o that_o the_o word_n catholic_n be_v not_o so_o use_v in_o the_o apostle_n time_n but_o only_o indulge_v so_o much_o unto_o his_o adversary_n because_o notwithstanding_o this_o supposal_n he_o be_v otherwise_o able_a to_o convince_v he_o upon_o his_o own_o concession_n which_o kind_n of_o supposal_n or_o indulgence_n be_v most_o usual_a among_o polemic_a writer_n there_o by_o to_o win_v over_o and_o work_v upon_o the_o adversary_n three_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n bring_v by_o pacianus_n and_o urge_v upon_o sympronian_n namely_o the_o distinguish_n of_o the_o true_a church_n from_o the_o several_a sect_n lead_v by_o &_o denominate_v from_o their_o several_a faction_n and_o heretical_a head_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o apostle_n day_n and_o so_o require_v the_o like_a distinctive_a epethete_n for_o s._n paul_n blame_v the_o church_n of_o corinth_n for_o schism_n and_o addict_v themselves_o factious_o to_o several_a idolise_v teacher_n which_o they_o have_v choose_v to_o themselves_o for_o though_o he_o name_v only_a peter_n apollo_n and_o himself_o yet_o his_o discourse_n chief_o aim_v at_o some_o other_o popular_a preacher_n and_o false_a apostle_n as_o appear_v by_o compare_v 1_o cor._n 4._o 6._o 2_o cor._n 11._o 13_o 20._o and_o s._n john_n express_o name_v the_o nicolaitan_n denominate_v from_o one_o nicolas_n in_o his_o revel_n ch_n 2._o v._n 15._o as_o for_o s._n augustine_n involve_v the_o word_n catholic_n in_o the_o epithet_n holy_a it_o prove_v not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o then_o in_o the_o text_n of_o the_o creed_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o the_o father_n in_o their_o paraphrastical_a explication_n to_o omit_v the_o expression_n of_o several_a particle_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o another_o which_o yet_o be_v confess_o in_o the_o creed_n &_o be_v express_o mention_v by_o they_o in_o their_o other_o homily_n or_o tractate_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o chrysollegus_n eusebius_n gallicanus_n and_o other_o three_o heretic_n arise_v not_o only_o after_o but_o even_o in_o the_o very_a apostle_n time_n the_o tare_n be_v scatter_v present_o upon_o the_o sow_v of_o the_o wheat_n in_o the_o lateplowed_a field_n of_o the_o church_n s._n luke_n mention_n simon_n magus_n that_o firstborn_a of_o the_o devil_n and_o father_n of_o heretic_n as_o the_o ancient_n style_v he_o act._n 8._o 9_o 24._o s._n paul_n tell_v we_o of_o hymenaeus_n and_o phyletus_n 2_o tim._n 2._o 17._o and_o of_o alexander_n phygellus_n and_o hermogenes_n 1_o tim._n 1._o 20._o 2_o tim._n 1._o 15._o yea_o s._n john_n inform_v we_o in_o more_o general_a term_n that_o there_o be_v many_o antichrist_n in_o the_o world_n even_o whilst_o he_o live_v who_o deny_v the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n 1_o io._n 2._o 18._o 22._o these_o antichrist_n than_o be_v heretic_n who_o teach_v contrary_a to_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o word_n catholic_n be_v place_v in_o the_o creed_n even_o by_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o for_o the_o reason_n before_o assign_v four_o the_o christian_a church_n may_v just_o be_v style_v catholic_n or_o universal_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o church_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v a_o particular_a church_n confine_v if_o not_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o one_o country_n yet_o unto_o one_o nation_n whereas_o the_o christian_a church_n comprehend_v all_o nation_n and_o have_v no_o other_o bound_n than_o those_o of_o the_o world_n although_o not_o actual_o at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o creed_n yet_o in_o virtue_n and_o power_n according_a to_o that_o general_a commission_n of_o our_o saviour_n to_o his_o apostle_n go_v &_o teach_v all_o nation_n mat._n 28._o 29._o and_o gain_n you_o shall_v be_v witness_n unto_o i_o both_o in_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o judea_n and_o in_o samaria_n and_o to_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n act._n 1._o 8._o the_o jew_n be_v so_o envious_a and_o proud_a as_o not_o to_o receive_v the_o gentile_n into_o their_o communion_n or_o acknowledge_v they_o partaker_n in_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o messiah_n they_o will_v have_v have_v they_o all_o circumcise_a and_o submit_v to_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n but_o god_n break_v down_o this_o partition_n wall_n eph._n 2._o 14._o as_o he_o make_v appear_v by_o the_o vision_n of_o the_o sheet_n which_o he_o send_v to_o s._n peter_n act_n 10._o 11._o 15._o and_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n at_o jerusalem_n act._n 15._o and_o so_o gather_v all_o into_o one_o body_n or_o church_n catholic_n so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o time_n place_n person_n faith_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o common_a faith_n tit._n 1._o 4._o for_o this_o reason_n at_o least_o the_o apostle_n may_v just_o frame_v the_o article_n at_o the_o very_a first_o composure_n in_o these_o word_n i_o believe_v the_o holy_a catholic_n church_n ob._n 4_o the_o different_a relation_n of_o the_o story_n betray_v the_o uncerteinty_a of_o it_o for_o they_o give_v not_o all_o the_o same_o article_n to_o the_o same_o 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also_o place_v in_o a_o various_a method_n according_a unto_o several_a edition_n and_o translation_n some_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o the_o hebrew_n text_n as_o the_o protestant_a church_n other_o that_o of_o the_o septuagint_n and_o the_o old_a latin_a translation_n as_o the_o church_n of_o greece_n and_o rome_n three_o neither_o can_v the_o diverse_a ascribe_v of_o they_o to_o several_a apostle_n raise_v any_o just_a doubt_n of_o the_o composer_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o we_o find_v not_o a_o few_o controversy_n agitate_a among_o divine_n concern_v the_o author_n of_o several_a book_n of_o scripture_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o judge_n king_n and_o chronicle_n &_o of_o the_o book_n of_o job_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n of_o the_o second_o and_z third_z epistle_n of_o st_n john_n and_o of_o the_o revelation_n whether_o john_n the_o elder_a be_v the_o author_n of_o these_o epistle_n and_o john_n the_o divine_a of_o the_o revelation_n as_o distinct_a person_n from_o john_n the_o evangelist_n or_o whether_o john_n the_o ap._n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o three_o under_z 3_o several_a title_n but_o more_o especial_o the_o author_n of_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v paul_n or_o barnabas_n luke_n or_o clemens_n and_o yet_o not_o withstand_v all_o these_o controversy_n the_o christian_a church_n now_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o book_n why_o shall_v we_o more_o doubt_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o creed_n although_o we_o know_v not_o how_o certain_o to_o assign_v the_o distinct_a article_n to_o their_o several_a apostle_n whenas_o in_o truth_n the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o they_o joint_o concurd_v to_o the_o frame_n of_o they_o all_o ob._n 5._o if_o the_o creed_n for_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v from_o the_o apostle_n and_o they_o deliver_v it_o precise_o in_o those_o word_n wherein_o we_o now_o have_v it_o why_o be_v it_o not_o place_v in_o the_o
none_o other_o as_o the_o confession_n or_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n who_o judgement_n ought_v to_o prevail_v with_o we_o above_o the_o the_o rashness_n of_o some_o novellist_n who_o have_v question_v both_o the_o authority_n &_o the_o author_n but_o because_o this_o recrimination_n of_o sabellianisme_n be_v but_o obscure_o set_v down_o in_o the_o writer_n of_o that_o age_n and_o utter_o deny_v by_o some_o of_o we_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v in_o a_o few_o worrde_n to_o clear_v it_o first_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n that_o when_o any_o be_v advance_v to_o a_o bishopric_n but_o more_o espepecial_o to_o a_o patriarchall_a see_v such_o as_o alxandria_n be_v whereof_o athanasius_n be_v bishop_n he_o send_v about_o his_o literae_fw-la formatae_fw-la or_o encyclicae_fw-la wherein_o he_o testify_v his_o faith_n unto_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o his_o communion_n with_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n and_o this_o be_v in_o use_n whether_o the_o new_a bishop_n be_v suspect_v of_o heresy_n or_o not_o now_o there_o be_v far_o great_a cause_n for_o this_o in_o the_o case_n of_o athanasius_n when_o he_o appeal_v to_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o most_o eminent_a patriarch_n of_o the_o church_n and_o one_o not_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o the_o eusebian_n for_o it_o have_v little_o stand_v with_o the_o gravity_n &_o impartial_a uprightness_n of_o such_o a_o judge_n to_o have_v present_o with_o a_o overforward_a affection_n receive_v a_o man_n into_o his_o communion_n lade_v with_o so_o many_o and_o so_o heavy_a accusation_n before_o he_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o his_o belief_n which_o that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n then_o observe_v and_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o athanasius_n and_o his_o fellow_n be_v plain_o set_v down_o by_o sozomen_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7._o where_o have_v premise_v that_o athanasius_n and_o three_o other_o bishop_n be_v thrust_v out_o by_o the_o arian_n faction_n flee_v unto_o julius_n for_o succour_n he_o subjoin_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v learn_v the_o crime_n object_v against_o each_o of_o they_o after_o that_o he_o find_v they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n he_o receive_v they_o into_o his_o communion_n as_o person_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o himself_o second_o marcellus_n bishop_n of_o ancyra_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o those_o three_o bishop_n that_o be_v thrust_v out_o by_o the_o arian_n faction_n and_o flee_v to_o rome_n with_o athanasius_n have_v former_o accuse_v the_o eusebian_n of_o the_o arian_n heresy_n and_o convict_v they_o in_o the_o nicene_n council_n be_v himself_o also_o scandalize_v with_o the_o cross_a imputation_n of_o sabellianisme_n whereupon_o he_o free_o make_v a_o orthodox_n confession_n of_o his_o faith_n at_o rome_n such_o as_o the_o synod_n late_o hold_v at_o sardica_n have_v embrace_v now_o that_o athanasius_n who_o be_v principal_o hate_v by_o the_o eusebian_n have_v the_o charge_n of_o heresy_n recriminate_v also_o upon_o he_o appear_v by_o a_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o julius_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o eastern_a bishop_n then_o assemble_v at_o antioch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d now_o as_o concern_v marcellus_n say_v he_o see_v you_o have_v write_v touch_v he_o also_o as_o of_o one_o who_o think_v impious_o of_o or_o against_o christ_n where_o the_o particle_n also_o necessary_o imply_v that_o the_o oriental_a bishop_n have_v accuse_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o who_o but_o athanasius_n as_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o accuse_v see_v the_o place_n in_o athan._n apolog._n 2._o pag._n 548._o edit_fw-la comm._n and_o his_o epistle_n ad_fw-la solitarios_fw-la two_o leaf_n from_o the_o beginning_n epiphanius_n also_o in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d she_o 72._o tell_v we_o that_o this_o marcellus_n be_v accuse_v by_o the_o arian_n of_o sabellianisme_n to_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n voluntary_o come_v to_o rome_n and_o have_v long_o but_o in_o vain_a there_o expect_v the_o appearance_n of_o his_o adversary_n upon_o his_o departure_n leave_v a_o epistle_n with_o julius_n wherein_o he_o set_v down_o a_o confession_n of_o his_o faith_n his_o case_n be_v just_a parallel_n to_o that_o of_o athanasius_n who_o be_v accuse_v of_o the_o same_o heresy_n as_o epiphanius_n there_o witness_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n clear_v himself_o three_o this_o imputation_n of_o sabellianisme_n be_v so_o pertinacious_o urge_v upon_o athanasius_n by_o his_o arian_n persecutor_n that_o liberius_n successor_n to_o julius_n in_o the_o roman_a see_v be_v constrain_v to_o send_v a_o short_a epistle_n to_o he_o for_o far_a satisfaction_n wherein_o have_v set_v down_o his_o own_o faith_n concern_v the_o trinity_n he_o add_v by_o way_n of_o antithesis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wherefore_o i_o condemn_v the_o opinion_n of_o sabellius_n and_o arius_n and_o all_o the_o forementioned_a heresy_n to_o everlasting_a punishment_n according_a to_o the_o voice_n of_o our_o saviour_n then_o he_o conclude_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o thou_o than_o agree_a with_o i_o brother_n athanasius_n in_o this_o confession_n which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a faith_n receive_v in_o the_o holy_a catholic_n and_o apostolic_a church_n as_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n and_o his_o christ_n write_v unto_o i_o thy_o consent_n &_o agreement_n therein_o with_o i_o that_o so_o i_o may_v be_v ascertain_v thereof_o and_o without_o scruple_n perform_v thy_o command_n this_o epistle_n of_o liberius_n with_o the_o rescript_n of_o athanasius_n we_o find_v extant_a in_o the_o first_o tome_n of_o athanasius_n his_o work_n the_o same_o athanasius_n in_o his_o forecited_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o exposition_n of_o the_o faith_n vindicate_v himself_o from_o sabellianisme_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v we_o neither_o make_v the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n the_o same_o person_n as_o the_o sabellian_o do_v in_o this_o destroy_n the_o relation_n of_o the_o son_n neither_o do_v we_o attribute_v to_o the_o father_n that_o passable_a body_n which_o the_o son_n take_v on_o he_o for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n four_o sulpitius_n severus_n lib._n 20_o hist_o tell_v we_o that_o athanasius_n be_v condemn_v of_o sabellianisme_n in_o a_o certain_a council_n by_o the_o arian_n add_v hereunto_o that_o arius_n himself_o in_o his_o disputation_n before_o probus_n the_o judge_n tax_v athanasius_n in_o these_o word_n sometime_o say_v he_o he_o make_v three_z appear_v one_o say_v but_o these_o three_o be_v one_o god_n then_o i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o strange_a mixtion_n he_o make_v they_o triform_v triple_a say_v and_o this_o one_o god_n be_v the_o trinity_n so_o geneb_n to_o prevent_v such_o mistake_n and_o cavil_n athanasius_n have_v a_o chapter_n in_o his_o work_n entitle_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la tres_fw-la dii_fw-la that_o there_o be_v not_o three_o go_n three_o as_o to_o my_o last_o query_n in_o what_o language_n this_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n be_v original_o write_v i_o answer_v it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o athanasius_n first_o write_v it_o in_o latin_a as_o be_v a_o language_n which_o he_o well_o understand_v although_o some_o have_v be_v please_v to_o deny_v it_o and_o the_o creed_n be_v exhibit_v unto_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o a_o synod_n of_o latin_a bishop_n my_o reason_n be_v these_o first_o the_o latin_a edition_n of_o this_o creed_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o copy_n whereas_o the_o greek_a copy_n vary_v as_o translation_n use_v to_o do_v genebrard_n in_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr trinitate_fw-la have_v set_v down_o three_o several_a version_n there_o of_o out_o of_o the_o latin_a into_o the_o greek_a namely_o vulgatam_fw-la dionysianam_fw-la &_o constantinopolitanam_n the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o print_v the_o last_o be_v that_o 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canon_n of_o scripture_n for_o if_o you_o say_v it_o pertain_v to_o unwritten_a tradition_n as_o s._n jerome_n and_o other_o tell_v we_o we_o must_v know_v that_o those_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d concern_v only_o the_o government_n and_o rite_n of_o the_o church_n whereas_o the_o creed_n be_v a_o rule_n of_o faith_n or_o doctrine_n require_v to_o be_v profess_v by_o christian_n at_o their_o baptism_n answ_n first_o to_o retort_v a_o like_a question_n why_o be_v not_o the_o number_n of_o the_o canonical_a book_n put_v into_o the_o canon_n that_o so_o we_o may_v the_o more_o certain_o know_v what_o book_n be_v of_o divine_a authority_n and_o what_o be_v supposititious_a this_o sure_a be_v a_o doctrinal_a point_n the_o main_a fundamental_a one_o and_o high_o concern_v our_o faith_n if_o any_o thing_n do_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v derive_v unto_o we_o by_o tradition_n why_o may_v not_o the_o creed_n in_o like_a manner_n second_o the_o creed_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o canon_n of_o scripture_n either_o in_o express_a word_n or_o by_o evident_a and_o necessary_a consequence_n whereof_o the_o apostle_n be_v unerring_a judge_n reduce_v only_o to_o a_o method_n and_o set_a form_n three_o the_o apostle_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o commit_v it_o unto_o writing_n but_o deliver_v it_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n to_o the_o pastor_n or_o bishop_n of_o the_o church_n who_o they_o leave_v to_o succeed_v they_o and_o who_o in_o a_o continue_a succession_n down_o from_o the_o apostle_n deliver_v the_o creed_n unto_o we_o four_o that_o unwritten_a tradition_n comprehend_v not_o only_a matter_n of_o practice_n such_o as_o be_v the_o rite_n &_o regiment_n of_o the_o church_n but_o also_o matter_n of_o doctrine_n i_o appeal_v not_o only_o to_o the_o former_a instance_n of_o the_o canon_n of_o scripture_n and_o to_o this_o of_o the_o creed_n constant_o witness_v by_o st_n jerome_n with_o many_o other_o father_n who_o testimony_n deserve_v much_o credit_n but_o to_o a_o three_o also_o the_o perpetual_a virginity_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o god_n of_o which_o mr_n perkins_n no_o friend_n of_o romish_a tradition_n say_v thus_o that_o the_o virgin_n mary_n live_v and_o die_v virgin_n be_v receive_v for_o truth_n but_o yet_o not_o record_v in_o scripture_n and_o in_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n many_o worthy_a say_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o other_o holy_a man_n be_v record_v and_o receive_v of_o we_o for_o truth_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o set_v down_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n and_o many_o thing_n we_o hold_v for_o truth_n not_o write_v in_o the_o word_n if_o they_o be_v not_o against_o the_o word_n thus_o he_o in_o his_o reform_v cath._n of_o tradit_fw-la concl._n 2._o ob._n 6_o the_o creed_n have_v not_o be_v preserve_v so_o safe_a from_o addition_n detraction_n mutation_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o scripture_n always_o have_v be_v therefore_o not_o likely_a to_o have_v come_v from_o the_o apostle_n answ_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o the_o holy_a scripture_n have_v be_v keep_v so_o safe_a as_o the_o objectour_n bear_v we_o in_o hand_n the_o church_n than_o will_v have_v be_v more_o pure_a and_o more_o peaceble_a but_o first_o for_o addition_n do_v not_o our_o church_n cut_v off_o those_o apocryphal_a piece_n which_o be_v long_o a_o go_v a_o next_o to_o daniel_n and_o hester_n and_o do_v we_o not_o find_v the_o 151_o psalm_n add_v unto_o the_o rest_n a_o copy_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o sixti_fw-la sen._n bibliothecâ_fw-la and_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n for_o some_o age_n the_o book_n call_v hermae_fw-la pastor_n be_v join_v to_o the_o book_n we_o now_o have_v and_o esteem_v by_o many_o for_o canonical_a second_o for_o detraction_n have_v not_o whole_a book_n be_v take_v a_o way_n by_o diverse_a heretic_n who_o will_v acknowledge_v no_o scripture_n that_o make_v against_o they_o for_o instance_n martion_n acknowledge_v none_o of_o the_o four_o gospel_n but_o only_o that_o of_o st_n luke_n neither_o his_o entire_o as_o tertullian_n witness_v example_n of_o other_o heretic_n be_v almost_o infinite_a yea_o which_o be_v more_o some_o canonical_a book_n for_o a_o while_o be_v deny_v or_o at_o least_o doubt_v of_o and_o so_o leave_v out_o in_o diverse_a copy_n by_o some_o orthodox_n doctor_n of_o the_o church_n till_o the_o truth_n become_v afterward_o better_o clear_v as_o the_o epistle_n of_o james_n &_o jude_n the_o second_o epistle_n of_o peter_n the_o second_o &_o three_o epistle_n of_o st_n john_n the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n &_o the_o revelation_n of_o st_n john_n for_o this_o we_o may_v consult_v the_o syriack_n translation_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n three_o for_o mutation_n the_o heretic_n of_o old_a time_n who_o be_v bold_a to_o cut_v off_o whole_a book_n do_v much_o more_o bold_o adventure_v on_o change_v of_o verse_n word_n letter_n and_o point_n the_o fraud_n of_o the_o arian_n both_o old_a and_o new_a be_v notorious_a in_o this_o kind_n nevertheless_o for_o all_o these_o subtle_a and_o various_a device_n of_o satan_n to_o overthrow_v religion_n and_o pervert_v the_o word_n of_o truth_n by_o these_o his_o mischievous_a instrument_n yet_o some_o ancient_a copy_n both_o of_o the_o scripture_n &_o creed_n by_o god_n especial_a providence_n have_v be_v keep_v entire_a whereby_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v examine_v and_o amend_v ob._n 7_o although_o the_o creed_n have_v ever_o be_v much_o esteem_v in_o the_o church_n yet_o be_v it_o never_o account_v canonical_a the_o ancient_a doctor_n be_v so_o far_o from_o equal_v it_o with_o scripture_n that_o they_o appeal_v from_o it_o thereunto_o as_o to_o a_o high_a authority_n so_o do_v cyr._n catech._n 4._o and_o paschasius_fw-la in_o his_o book_n against_o macedonius_n bib._n pat._n tom._n 9_o which_o without_o question_n they_o never_o will_v have_v do_v have_v they_o think_v it_o have_v be_v from_o the_o apostle_n in_o such_o form_n and_o as_o now_o we_o have_v it_o answ_n first_o whether_o the_o creed_n be_v account_v for_o authority_n canonical_a that_o be_v divine_a and_o unquestionable_a and_o for_o frame_n apostolical_a i_o appeal_v to_o all_o those_o ancient_a father_n which_o i_o have_v already_o produce_v among_o who_o tertullian_n one_o very_o ancient_a express_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o creed_n be_v ordain_v by_o christ_n viz._n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o his_o apostle_n who_o be_v authorize_v by_o he_o and_o assist_v by_o his_o spirit_n to_o compose_v it_o according_a to_o that_o say_n of_o his_o he_o that_o hear_v you_o hear_v i_o luk._n 10._o 16._o whence_o he_o send_v the_o heretic_n to_o the_o church_n found_v by_o the_o apostle_n to_o find_v this_o doctrine_n or_o rule_n of_o faith_n there_o leave_v by_o they_o de_fw-fr praesc_fw-la adv_fw-la haer_fw-mi cap._n 21._o withal_o he_o call_v it_o the_o canon_n or_o rule_n of_o faith_n as_o irenaeus_n have_v do_v before_o he_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o no_o part_n thereof_o may_v be_v call_v in_o question_n seconly_a it_o be_v not_o unlikly_a that_o some_o of_o the_o father_n may_v cite_v place_n of_o scripture_n in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o creed_n as_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o in_o their_o writing_n bring_v forth_o place_n out_o of_o the_o old_a teastament_n to_o back_n and_o vindicate_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o they_o say_v yea_o our_o bless_a saviour_n himself_o oft_o cite_v moses_n &_o the_o prophet_n and_o authorize_v his_o doctrine_n by_o their_o testimony_n bid_v his_o auditor_n to_o search_v the_o scripture_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n for_o they_o be_v they_o say_v he_o which_o testify_v of_o i_o io._n 5._o 39_o see_v also_o act._n 26._o 22._o 2_o pet._n 1._o 19_o jam._n 2_o 14_o 23._o and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a practice_n of_o our_o preacher_n at_o this_o day_n to_o bring_v proof_n for_o their_o textuall_a observation_n though_o oft_o express_v word_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o other_o parallel_n place_n but_o as_o well_o those_o citation_n of_o the_o father_n as_o these_o of_o our_o 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guidance_n of_o the_o stream_n or_o current_n 1._o protestant_n church_n general_o receive_v it_o under_o the_o title_n &_o name_n of_o athanasius_n together_o with_o the_o apostle_n creed_n and_o that_o of_o the_o nicene_n council_n for_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consult_v the_o forecited_a testimony_n of_o luther_n io._n pappus_n anb_n nic._n selneccerus_n with_o the_o two_o confession_n of_o the_o church_n of_o saxony_n and_o france_n attest_v by_o the_o ingenuous_a confession_n of_o serrarius_n the_o jesuit_n who_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o discourse_n on_o this_o creed_n that_o the_o calvinian_a divine_n in_o a_o assembly_n at_o lausanna_n agree_v with_o the_o lutheran_n as_o touch_v the_o three_o creed_n ascribe_v unto_o they_o as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n a_o judiciary_n power_n or_o authority_n which_o all_o aught_o to_o obey_v which_o sure_a they_o will_v never_o have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v not_o think_v that_o the_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n as_o well_o as_o 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servia_n bulgaria_n russia_n and_o moscovia_n now_o this_o cazonovius_n as_o genebrard_n tell_v we_o be_v a_o polonian_a knight_n of_o a_o eminent_a family_n and_o together_o with_o gregorius_n pauli_n a_o minister_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o trinitarian_n he_o write_v against_o those_o two_o epistle_n which_o m._n calvin_n send_v ad_fw-la fratres_n polonos_n and_o in_o the_o colloquy_n between_o the_o tritheits_fw-mi and_o the_o orthodox_n divine_v hold_v at_o petricow_n in_o poland_n during_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n anno_fw-la 1565._o he_o be_v the_o scribe_n or_o secretary_n on_o the_o tritheits_fw-mi behalf_n when_o in_o that_o colloquy_n he_o and_o his_o adherent_n be_v urge_v again_o and_o again_o to_o produce_v that_o greek_a copy_n of_o athanasius_n his_o creed_n which_o they_o give_v out_o to_o be_v different_a from_o that_o receive_v in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o he_o confess_v a_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n receive_v in_o the_o greek_a church_n but_o diverse_a from_o the_o latin_a one_o they_o can_v not_o do_v it_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o diversity_n be_v only_o in_o the_o particle_n filioque_fw-la add_v by_o the_o latin_n in_o the_o article_n of_o the_o procession_n so_o that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o our_o nicene_n creed_n be_v diverse_a from_o they_o whereto_o it_o be_v likewise_o add_v but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o 3._o gennadius_n scholarius_n patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n in_o his_o book_n which_o he_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o the_o florentine_a council_n the_o year_n after_o it_o be_v celebrate_v clear_o name_v athanasius_n for_o the_o author_n of_o this_o creed_n these_o be_v his_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n where_o he_o style_v athanasius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o confessor_n from_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o confession_n of_o his_o faith_n and_o withal_o set_v down_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o creed_n in_o express_a term_n as_o now_o we_o read_v it_o 4._o eugenius_n the_o four_o bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o instruction_n to_o the_o armenian_n give_v by_o he_o unto_o they_o in_o the_o forecited_a council_n of_o florence_n which_o be_v celebrate_v in_o the_o year_n 1439_o recommend_v unto_o they_o the_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n in_o these_o word_n compendiosam_fw-la illam_fw-la fidei_fw-la regulam_fw-la per_fw-la beatissimum_fw-la athanasium_fw-la editam_fw-la cujus_fw-la tenor_n talis_fw-la est_fw-la quicunque_fw-la vult_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o short_a rule_n of_o faith_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o most_o bless_a athanasius_n according_a to_o this_o tenor_n whosoever_o will_v be_v save_v etc._n etc._n 5._o manuel_n caleca_n a_o grecian_a but_o one_o who_o write_v against_o the_o error_n of_o his_o countryman_n present_o after_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n celebrate_v in_o the_o year_n 1274_o under_o gregory_n the_o ten_o in_o which_o council_n he_o be_v think_v also_o to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o his_o second_o book_n cont._n graecos_n cap._n 20._o tell_v we_o that_o athanasius_n write_v this_o creed_n and_o send_v it_o to_o julius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n cum_fw-la insimularetur_fw-la non_fw-la rectae_fw-la fidei_fw-la when_o he_o be_v accuse_v of_o err_v in_o the_o faith_n and_o because_o some_o of_o his_o countryman_n dissent_v from_o he_o in_o this_o point_v the_o chief_a if_o not_o only_o reason_v whereof_o be_v because_o the_o latin_n produce_v copy_n of_o it_o with_o this_o addition_n filioque_fw-la in_o the_o procession_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n he_o strengthen_v his_o assertion_n by_o this_o double_a reason_n first_o that_o gregory_n nazianzen_n who_o he_o there_o call_v the_o divine_a by_o way_n of_o eminency_n make_v mention_v thereof_o of_o who_o testimony_n more_o anon_o second_o that_o it_o be_v sing_v every_o lord_n day_n throughout_o all_o the_o church_n of_o the_o west_n and_o the_o author_n thereof_o be_v so_o famous_a that_o even_o child_n know_v he_o then_o he_o subjoin_v let_v they_o therefore_o either_o produce_v some_o other_o creed_n of_o so_o famous_a a_o man_n which_o the_o divine_a nazianzen_n make_v mention_n of_o and_o to_o which_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n bear_v witness_n or_o if_o they_o can_v let_v they_o embrace_v that_o which_o the_o church_n now_o receive_v 6._o jo._n beleth_n a_o parisian_a divine_a explic._n divin_n offic._n cap._n 40._o have_v tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v four_o creed_n allow_v of_o by_o the_o church_n secundum_fw-la inquit_fw-la &_o quoth_v in_o primâ_fw-la recitatur_fw-la quicunque_fw-la vult_fw-la salvus_fw-la esse_fw-la etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la ab_fw-la athanasio_fw-la patriarchâ_fw-la alexandrino_n contra_fw-la arianos_fw-la haereticos_fw-la compositum_fw-la est_fw-la licet_fw-la plerique_fw-la eum_fw-la anastasium_n fuisse_fw-la falso_fw-la arbitrentur_fw-la the_o second_o of_o these_o creed_n say_v he_o be_v that_o which_o be_v rehearse_v in_o the_o first_o service_n whosoever_o will_v be_v save_v &c._n &c._n which_o be_v compose_v by_o athanasius_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n against_o the_o arian_n heretic_n although_o many_o false_o think_v that_o anastasius_n be_v the_o author_n 7._o gul._n durantes_fw-la or_o durandus_fw-la otherwise_o call_v mimatensis_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n 1280_o assign_v this_o creed_n to_o athanasius_n rat._n divin_n off._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 25._o for_o thus_o he_o write_v secundum_fw-la symbolum_n quicunque_fw-la vult_fw-la salvus_fw-la esse_fw-la etc._n etc._n ab_fw-la athanasio_fw-la patriarcha_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la treveri_n compositum_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o creed_n whosoever_o will_v be_v save_v &c._n &c._n which_o be_v compose_v by_o the_o patriarch_n athanasius_n in_o the_o city_n of_o trier_n 8._o rodolphus_n and_o hagmo_n two_o franciscan_a friar_n send_v with_o hugh_n &_o peter_n two_o dominican_n by_o gregory_n the_o nine_o unto_o constantinople_n in_o the_o year_n 1239_o to_o reconcile_v the_o greek_n unto_o the_o latin_n thence_o call_v apocrisiarii_n church-legats_a as_o well_o by_o the_o latin_n as_o the_o greek_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o difference_n concern_v the_o procession_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n from_o the_o son_n as_o well_o as_o the_o father_n out_o of_o the_o athanasian_n creed_n propterea_fw-la quicunque_fw-la non_fw-la crediderit_fw-la spiritum_fw-la sanctum_fw-la a_o filio_fw-la procedere_fw-la in_fw-la via_fw-la perditionis_fw-la est_fw-la unde_fw-la s._n athanasius_n dum_fw-la exulabat_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la occidentalibus_fw-la in_o expositione_n fidei_fw-la quam_fw-la latinis_fw-la verbis_fw-la reddidit_fw-la sic_fw-la ait_fw-la pater_fw-la a_o nullo_n est_fw-la factus_fw-la etc._n etc._n whosoever_o believe_v not_o that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o son_n be_v in_o the_o way_n of_o perdition_n whence_o s._n athanasius_n while_o he_o be_v a_o exile_n in_o the_o western_a part_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o faith_n which_o he_o set_v forth_o in_o latin_a say_v thus_o the_o father_n be_v make_v of_o none_o etc._n etc._n see_v for_o this_o tom._n 3._o eccles_n annal._n abrah_n bzovii_n annus_n 1239._o 9_o abbo_n abbot_n of_o floriack_n who_o live_v about_o
the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n have_v these_o word_n in_o his_o apollogetick_n which_o he_o make_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n hugh_n and_o robert_n father_n and_o son_n primitus_fw-la de_fw-la fide_fw-la dicendum_fw-la credidi_fw-la quam_fw-la alternantibus_fw-la choris_fw-la &_o in_o francia_n &_o apud_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la variari_fw-la audivi_fw-la alii_fw-la enim_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ut_fw-la arbitror_fw-la secundum_fw-la athanasium_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_n a_o patre_fw-la &_o filio_fw-la non_fw-la factus_fw-la non_fw-la creatus_fw-la sed_fw-la procedens_fw-la qui_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la genitus_fw-la subtrahunt_fw-la synodicum_fw-la d._n gregorii_n se_fw-la sequi_fw-la credunt_fw-la ubi_fw-la ita_fw-la est_fw-la scriptum_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_fw-la nec_fw-la ingenitus_fw-la est_fw-la nec_fw-la genitus_fw-la sed_fw-la procedens_fw-la that_o be_v i_o think_v meet_v to_o speak_v first_o concern_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o find_v diverse_o express_v in_o the_o french_a and_o english_a church_n for_o some_o say_v as_o i_o suppose_v according_a to_o athanasius_n the_o holy_a ghost_n not_o make_v nor_o create_v but_o proceed_v from_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n who_o in_o leave_v out_o that_o particle_n nor_o beget_v conceive_v they_o follow_v the_o synodical_a of_o s._n gregory_n in_o which_o it_o be_v thus_o write_v the_o holy_a ghost_n be_v neither_o unbegotten_a nor_o beget_v but_o proceed_v to_o which_o word_n baron_n in_o his_o annal_n ad_fw-la a._n 1001_o thus_o atte_v vides_fw-la lector_n in_o his_o jam_fw-la ante_fw-la sexcento_n annos_fw-la symbolum_n veer_fw-la ejus_fw-la esse_fw-la absque_fw-la dubitatione_n creditum_fw-la &_o praedicatum_fw-la thou_o see_v here_o reader_n that_o above_o six_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o creed_n which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o athanasius_n be_v very_o believe_v to_o be_v his_o without_o the_o least_o doubt_n to_o the_o contrary_n and_o well_o may_v he_o say_v so_o for_o that_o ambiguous_a clause_n ut_fw-la arbitror_fw-la as_o i_o suppose_v in_o this_o testimony_n of_o abbo_n have_v no_o reference_n to_o the_o author_n but_o to_o the_o word_n and_o to_o the_o various_a copy_n of_o athanasius_n his_o creed_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o scope_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o abbot_n in_o his_o citation_n 10_o that_o this_o creed_n be_v asscribe_v to_o athanasius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o bald_a will_v appear_v first_o out_o of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o rathrannus_n monk_n of_o corbey_n write_v by_o he_o against_o the_o greek_n a_o book_n not_o yet_o extant_a in_o print_n second_o out_o of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o aeneas_n bishop_n of_o paris_n write_v also_o against_o the_o greek_n c._n 19_o three_o out_o of_o the_o capitulum_n of_o hincmarus_n archbishop_n of_o rheims_n which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o presbyter_n of_o his_o diocese_n annus_n 852._o see_v the_o first_o capit._n in_o apend_v tom._n 3-conc_a gall._n set_v forth_o by_o sirmondus_n but_o for_o all_o three_o see_v armac_n de_fw-fr symb._n 11._o the_o four_o council_n of_o toledo_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 671_o according_a to_o the_o edition_n of_o io._n garsia_n loaisa_n and_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o k._n sisenandus_n by_o threescore_o and_o two_o bishop_n whereof_z isidore_z of_o sevil_n be_v one_o thus_o profess_v its_o faith_n in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o athanasian_n creed_n only_o somewhat_o contract_v they_o for_o thus_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n begin_v cap._n 1._o secundum_fw-la divinas_fw-la scripturas_fw-la &_o doctrinam_fw-la quam_fw-la a_o sanctis_fw-la patribus_fw-la accepimus_fw-la patrem_fw-la &_o filium_fw-la &_o spiritum_fw-la sanctum_fw-la unius_fw-la deitatis_fw-la atque_fw-la substantiae_fw-la confitemur_fw-la in_fw-la personarum_fw-la diversitate_fw-la trinitatem_fw-la credentes_fw-la in_fw-la divinitate_fw-la unitatem_fw-la praedicantes_fw-la nec_fw-la personas_fw-la confundimus_fw-la nec_fw-la substantiam_fw-la seperamus_fw-la patrem_fw-la a_o nullo_n factum_fw-la vel_fw-la genitum_fw-la dicimus_fw-la christus_fw-la descendit_fw-la ad_fw-la inferos_fw-la ut_fw-la sanctos_fw-la qui_fw-la ibidem_fw-la tenebantur_fw-la erueret_fw-la devictoque_fw-la mortis_fw-la imperio_fw-la resurrexit_fw-la mortui_fw-la resuscitandi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la jesu_fw-la christo_fw-la in_o die_n novissimo_fw-la percepturi_fw-la ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la alii_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la meritis_fw-la vitam_fw-la aeternam_fw-la alii_fw-la pro_fw-la peccatis_fw-la supplicii_fw-la aeterni_fw-la sententiam_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la catholicae_fw-la fides_fw-la hanc_fw-la confessionem_fw-la conservamus_fw-la atque_fw-la tenemus_fw-la quam_fw-la quisquis_fw-la firmissime_fw-la custodierit_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la salutem_fw-la habebit_fw-la that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o scripture_n of_o god_n &_o the_o doctrine_n which_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o holy_a father_n we_o profess_v the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n to_o have_v the_o same_o godhead_n and_o substance_n believe_v a_o trinity_n in_o a_o diversity_n of_o person_n and_o a_o unity_n in_o the_o godhead_n neither_o confound_v the_o person_n nor_o divide_v the_o substance_n we_o say_v that_o the_o father_n be_v make_v of_o none_o nor_o beget_v christ_n descend_v into_o hell_n that_o he_o may_v deliver_v the_o saint_n that_o be_v there_o detain_v and_o have_v conquer_v the_o power_n of_o death_n he_o rise_v again_o the_o dead_a be_v to_o be_v raise_v up_o by_o he_o at_o the_o last_o day_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o some_z for_o their_o righteous_a deed_n life_n eternal_a other_o for_o their_o sin_n the_o sentence_n of_o everlasting_a punishment_n this_o be_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n this_o confession_n we_o preserve_v and_o hold_v which_o whosoever_o shall_v firm_o keep_v shall_v obtain_v everlasting_a salvation_n 12._o in_o two_o very_a ancient_a latin_a psalter_n which_o be_v in_o s._n rob._n cotton_v library_n we_o find_v athanasius_n his_o creed_n together_o with_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n contain_v the_o same_o number_n of_o head_n with_o that_o of_o our_o day_n in_o the_o former_a psalter_n say_v the_o reverend_n &_o learned_a armachanus_fw-la which_o we_o gather_v to_o be_v as_o old_a as_o gregory_n the_o first_o viz._n 1050_o year_n both_o by_o the_o old_a fashion_n of_o the_o picture_n &_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o character_n athanasius_n his_o creed_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o fides_n catholica_fw-la as_o it_o do_v also_o in_o a_o other_o psalter_n of_o s._n lewis_n 9_o extant_a in_o king_n james_n his_o library_n the_o other_o be_v call_v symbolum_n apostolorum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a psalter_n which_o be_v once_o k._n athelstans_n that_o of_o the_o apostle_n have_v symp_o the_o name_n of_o symbolum_n the_o other_o be_v call_v fides_n s._n athanasii_n alexandrini_n the_o faith_n of_o s._n athanasius_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n 13._o boethius_n that_o great_a scholar_n and_o statesman_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodorick_n the_o goth_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr trinitate_fw-la have_v these_o word_n at_o the_o beginning_n which_o refer_v we_o plain_o enough_o to_o the_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n fidei_fw-la catholicae_fw-la haec_fw-la de_fw-la trinitatis_fw-la unitate_fw-la sententia_fw-la est_fw-la pater_fw-la inquiunt_fw-la deus_fw-la filius_fw-la deus_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_fw-la deus_fw-la igitur_fw-la pater_fw-la filius_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_n unus_fw-la deus_fw-la non_fw-la tres_fw-la dii_fw-la that_o be_v this_o be_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o catholic_n say_v concern_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o trinity_n the_o father_n they_o say_v be_v god_n the_o son_n god_n the_o holy_a ghost_n god_n therefore_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n be_v one_o god_n not_o three_o go_n on_o which_o word_n venerable_a bâ—de_n our_o countryman_n make_v this_o gloss_n haec_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la quâ_fw-la credimus_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la catholica_fw-la unde_fw-la in_o symbolo_fw-la haec_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la catholica_fw-la quam_fw-la nisi_fw-la cuique_fw-la crediderit_fw-la etc._n etc._n haec_fw-la est_fw-la una_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la unde_fw-la apostolus_fw-la una_fw-la fides_fw-la unum_fw-la baptisma_fw-la that_o be_v this_o be_v the_o faith_n wherein_o we_o believe_v which_o be_v call_v catholic_n whence_o we_o say_v in_o the_o creed_n this_o be_v the_o catholic_n faith_n which_o whosoever_o do_v not_o believe_v etc._n etc._n this_o faith_n be_v the_o same_o among_o all_o whence_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n one_o faith_n one_o baptism_n 14._o s._n augustin_n in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o work_n take_v whole_a sentence_n out_o of_o this_o creed_n of_o athanasius_n which_o show_v that_o it_o be_v then_o extant_a and_o use_v by_o the_o church_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr trinitate_fw-la cap._n 8._o he_o have_v these_o word_n omnipotens_fw-la pater_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la filius_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la non_fw-la tres_fw-la omnipotence_fw-la sed_fw-la unus_fw-la omnipotens_fw-la &_o ibidem_fw-la deus_fw-la pater_fw-la deus_fw-la filius_fw-la deus_fw-la spiritus_fw-la sanctus_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la non_fw-la tres_fw-la dii_fw-la sed_fw-la unus_fw-la est_fw-la deus_fw-la that_o be_v the_o father_n be_v almighty_a the_o son_n almighty_n the_o holy_a ghost_n almighty_a and_o yet_o there_o be_v