pleasures that they supposed them which were studious in any part of wisedome to be mad or distract of their witts For as much as they deemed the chiefe sapience which is knowledge of thinges belonging as well to God as to man to haue no beeing Since this noble writer found that lacke in his time when there flourished in sundrie Countries a great multitude of men excellent in all kinds of learning as it doth appeare by some of their workes why should I thinke my selfe iniured if I should taste of he same cuppe as my predecessours and other good men of my Countrie haue come Of whome I will repeate a few who in my time haue abidden the hotte and fierie assaults of Mo◅s sect As namely M. Thomas Gale M. Iohn Hall M. Iohn Bannister Maister William Clowes with others which in our time both written For being on a time in companie by chaunce it was tolde me vnto my face that there were too many bookes set soorth in the English toung and that our bookes did more harme then good and that the Arte therby is made cōmon For that quoth he euerie Gentleman is as wel able to reason therin as our selues A thing truely to be lamēted for if heretofore Emperours kings princes dukes Earles Lords Barrons Knightes besides diuers Gentlemen hath not onely red and practised the same but also greatlye augemented the knowledge thereof And I could well wish in these dayes it were better looked into both of Nobles Gentles Iustices and also of good Captaines for then the common weale should not onely be furnished of good and learned Surgions but also her Maiestie the better serued in the warres as well by Sea as by Lande And besides those that are Surgions would better follow their bookes and practise if it were but for shame that these Gentlemen should not discouer their blind practise and foolish ignorance And so bring this auncient and famous arte into great credit which now by meanes of gredie gripes and deuouring Caterpillers who onelie contemne learning is brought to great infamy and scandall But there be that can say what neede we care for bookes as longe as we can when neede is call vnto vs vj. viij or ten of our friendes to assist vs who are shal be our best bookes But I demaunde of these what if God send a plague and take away these bookes who are mortall Or if these bookes should be prest into her maiesties shippes and so be disseuered or what if one of these should happen into the countrie where no such helpes are where were then their knowledge Might not a man well thinke their patients to be as Hippocrates termeth them the Children of fortune and that they are cured by chaunce but not by arte And therefore it was not without cause that Maister Iohn Hall in his verses set after the third treatise of anatomy vseth these words VVHerefore of truth I can not cease to meruell much at Momus sect Sith nothing can their wits releace with ignoraunce so much infect For what a mome was he that saide these booke-men can but talke and prate And we are they that with our aide doe all the cures in each estate An other saith I can not talke but I will worke euen with the best Thus stubburnelie these buserds walke vppon their blinde customes that rest For if their talke any truth had a blinde man might coulours decerne And euerie foole and peuish lad might doctors be and neuer learne Then t is no time to slepe where growes such noysome weedes As doth bewray themselues by fowle and filthie deedes Such hideous haggs with tongus that stings declares a poysoned minde And who so doth them rightlie marke these sayings true shall finde For like as serpents subtellie lies lurking in their enne Deuising mischeues priuilie so doth these kinde of men Pursue vertue full egerlie euen with a Iudas kisse Saying forsooth their foolies doth deserue the golden fleece But ther 's no beast in wildernesse in mallis can excell Such secret foes which mischeife sowes the fire brands of hell Whose flattering spech and sewgered words with smiling in the face Be tokeneth such are Tigers whellps and of some dogged race THose kinde of serpents which doe nothing else but picke quarrells with authours I would aduise either to speake themselues or if their ignoraunce will not let them to laie their finger on their mouthes till other men tell their tale and not to make their haruest of other mens offences vnwillinglie committed while they themselues rest vnable to doe anie whit of good And thus good reader I will end expecting thy fauorable acceptacion of these my labours which expectation of mine if it be not frustrate I shal be further encouraged to impart the rest of my studies to thy commoditie Beseching the almightie God to blesse both thee and me with increase of knowledge and giue vs all grace to serue him Iohn Reade The othe of Hippocratus which he gaue vnto his desiples and scollers which professing Phisicke and Chirurgerie is very worthie to be obserued and kept faithfullie of euerie true and honest Artests althought he himselfe were but a heathen man and without the true knowledge of the liuing God yet for his noble and excellent skil in Phisicke and Chirurgerie he ought not to be forgotten of vs his posteritie but to be had in an honorable remembrāce for euer I Sweare by Appollo the Phisitian by Aesculapuis by Higea and Panacea yea and I take to witnes all the Gods and Goddesses that to my power I will vprightlie obserue this my othe I will accompte my Maister which taught me this arte my father in his case hee shall commaund my life and whatsoeuer hee needeth I will giue it him As for his Children I will hold his sonnes as my brethren and if they desire the knowledge of this arte I will teach it them without stipent or couenant I will instruct my sonnes my maisters sonns yea such as by hand wrighting are my scholers sworne and adicted to Phisicke the precepts rules and whatsoeuer else belongeth to the knowledge of the saide profession or touching the cure of diseases I will appoint them a diet to my power and in my iudgement commodius And I will defend them from hurt and iniury neither shall the requests and petitions of any man be they neuer so earnest so much preuaile with me to giue poyson to ane person to drinke neither will I giue my counsell or consent thereto in like manner I will refuse the mi◅stration of any suppositorie to the hurting or corrupting of the childe in the time of my life And in my profession I will shew my selfe pure chast and holy I will neuer cut any person that hath the stone but will giue place to stone-cutters in the cure thereof what house soeuer I come into it shall be to the patient his profite I will offer no iniurie voluntarelie to anie man I will eschew all
giue God thankes because wée haue cured more by this 〈…〉 which one was in the towne of 〈◊〉 which 〈…〉 thrust through with a swoorde behinde his backe on the left side besides the backe bone and the swoord did appeare foorth thrée fingers beneath the left pappe more then two handfulls and the man had taken also two woundes in his head of which the one did come to Dura mater We did cure another also in the towne of Combres baxas and he was wounded with an arrowe empoysoned with Heleborum on the left side foure fingers aboue the pappe but the arrowe did show foorth behind the backe betwéene the ribbes called Mendosae hard by one of the hanches or loynes betwéene the second and third ribbe for he was striken from somewhat an high place and he was cured of vs in this sore When wée sawe the woundes to euart the poyson we gaue him this potion Rec. Cassiae lignae aristrolochiae rotunde ana ℈ ss anisi Piperis ℈ .j. Let them be brused with a little wine and giuen him to drinke By and by on both sides where the arrow went in and came foorth we did put to a hot cautery with an instrument called Delatori After that we did also apply two other Gladiaâ—i Cauteries which were made redie of vs and put to the fier from the legges to the shoulders on euerie side Before on the breast and behinde on the backe we made more then two hundred wouÌ„ds in the maner of scarifiynges distant the one from the other the bredth of a finger for all that part of the body being teinted with the poyson was now already swollen was soft like the lungs when these thinges were dispatched wée had a plaister redy for the whole body and backe where the violence of the poyson séemed to come where we had cauterized The description is this Rec. of Mille somewhat tosted li.j. of beane meale li. ss of brannes brused â„¥ .viii. of Camomill of Mellilote Dil somewhat brused of ech in handfuls of Corianders of Cumin of ech â„¥ .ij. of all these let there be made a stiffe plaister with sufficieÌ„t sape or new wine boyled led to the third pâ—rt adding thervnto oyle of Camomill â—yle of Dil non â„¥ .iiij. of oyle of Bayes of oyle of Rue ana â„¥ .ij. we vsed this plaister for thrée daies the which as often as we did remoue we wipt away abuÌ„dance of water drawen out of the scarifyings of waâ— colour And all these iii. daies space the patient did suffer grieuous panges passions of the minde and losse of â—…asoÌ„ some time also in the maner of mad men hée did catch at the clothes pallets with his téeth and tossed all the bed ouer like a furious body without all quietnesse Such was the great perplexitie griefe through yâ— vehemeÌ„cy of the poyson But first of all we did offer the man to drink this decoction and we vsed the same to the fourth day so that we gaue nothing els to eate neyther of meate nor drinke Res. of â—leane Barlie brused of Raisons stoned brused ana p.iiij. of the roofes of Oxe tunge â„¥ .iij. of Licorize shauen somwhat brused oun◠〈◊〉 of Cumin séedes ounc ij of the séede of Ormgâ—um i. of Peper Câ—ssis Lignea of Castoreum ana Ê’ i of wine of Granates li. i.ss IuiuÌ„bes N. xx of Prunes finely cut N. xx of Parsly rootes 〈◊〉 M.i. Make hereof a decoction according to arte in 〈◊〉 li. of râ—ine water to the coÌ„suming of a third part then let them be strained with a stroÌ„g or passion adding there vnto of Penedise ounâ— iii. of sirope of Roses et de duabus radice bue fiâ—e aceto ana ounc iii. of Cinamon in pouder Ê’j ss sachâ—… Rubi li. ss make here of your decoction after the fourth day the patient tooke rest but wée did confirme his strength more and mâ—… giuing him the broth of birds in the which Anise Cassia lingne the roots of Parson were boyled his woundes also healed better euery day so that by the xx day he was by the healthfull helpe of God throughly restoored Annotations of the first Chapter of the sconde Booke There is great difference betwéene the inward wounds of the breaâ—… in that they be either shallow or déepe for some reach vnto the hurt and perishing of the bowells or partes within contained and some without any detriment vnto them but some difference there is betwéen those 〈◊〉 that reach either to the fore part or to the backer part of the brest where hence the Phisition must néedes gather the â—…tentie of his coniecture fore knowledge for those wouÌ„des which chaunce in the backer part are more daungerous and deadlie for that they chaunce so néere a number of Nerues that spring from the Vertebres and also for the vicinite of néerenesse vnto the Spine and Midrife Communis omnium scriptorum the common opinion of all writers What woundes soeuer â—eaâ—h vnto the perishing of the inwarde bowelles hath euer beene thought to the greeke and latin writers verie lamentable but some of them doe seeme more daungerous then other For the heart being once wounded can neuer be cured but the hurt in the Lungues may yeelde some hope of recouerie But Galen 〈◊〉 hand constantly beleeuâ—th as it appeareth in his fifth â—ooke de Meth. meden that 〈◊〉 a wounde in for â—ungs be eldsed and conioyned within thrée 〈◊〉 They all so 〈◊〉 doe fall into supporation of the Lâ—ngs 〈◊〉 is in 〈◊〉 a verie consomption If the Midrife happen to be wounded it drawes with it â— continuall 〈◊〉 and a phrentie wherevpoÌ„ the auntient 〈…〉 Phienas a conâ—…eion and instaâ—ation of the Lungs which comâ—…ng â—o supperâ—…tion killeth presently Curations 〈…〉 est out the maner of thâ—… is this The opinion of 〈◊〉 is double or of thâ—… 〈◊〉 in this case There be some that wound presently haue the orifices of the wounds closed and conioyned least the hart should be opposed or man 〈◊〉 to the colonesse of the 〈◊〉 least also by the gaping of the wound the vitall spirites should seeme to 〈◊〉 Some other Child 〈◊〉 be of the opinion of our aucthor and follow his â—either Perspicâ—… 〈…〉 lat it be well marked whether them be any issue of 〈◊〉 This aucthor would haue a man very â—…fully to sée that the 〈◊〉 bring shed in any inward receptacâ—e of the breast should be taken awaye which otherwise remayning there whill bring a man to the supporation of the Lungs before resited This is Hippocrates opinion in his booke of vlcers more largely explained by Galen in his fourth booke de Me. meden which this aucthor expouÌ„deth thus That a maÌ„ must euer haue regard to the strength of the parry which if it séeme by two great a fluxâ— of bloud to be impaired verie much then presentâ—e it must be stopped Petiae oui albo intinctae cum puluiscusis a fine men cloth dipt in the white of an egge
and leaue it frée for euery man to vse his owne iudgement therein eyther in vsing the same or in deuising the like as he shall thinke best But my intent and purpose is onely to put downe this good aucthors intent or meaning and thereby to deliuer a generall methood and order of the cure of the said caruncle And so committing this shorte treatise to your good curtesies and your selues to the almighty I ende remayning yours to vse and commaund FINIS Heere beginneth a treatise of the Fistula in the fundament or other places of the body and of Impostumes causing Fistulaes and of the office pertaining to the Chirurgion with certaine other things By M. Iohn Arden Prologus Anno Domine 1349. IOHN ARDEN from the first pestilence that was in the yéere of our Lord God 1349. Divelled in New-warke in Nottingham shire vnto the yéere of our Lord 1370. And there healed many of the Fistulae in the fundament of the which the first was Sir Adam Eueringham of Laxton in the Clay besides Tucksfurd which was in Gascoigne at that time with Sir Henry named Earle of Darby who after was made Duke of Lancaster a noble and a worthy Lord. This sir Adam hauing a Fistulae in ano asked couÌ„sell of all the Phisitions and Chirurgions that he could finde to Gascoigne at Burdeux at Brigerake Tolouse Norbon and Poyters and many other places and all forsooke him as vneurable Sir Adam séeing this aforesaide maner spéedely retourned home into his countrie and when he came home he put of all his knightly apparell and clad himselfe in mourning clothes with purpose to abide the curing or loosing of his body At the last I Iohn Arden came vnto him made couenant with him and so cured him by the helpe of God He was healed perfectly within halfe a yéere and afterward continued his life the space of xxx yéeres and more By the which cure I obtained much liuing and great credit through all England to the great admiration of the Duke of Lancaster and many other Gentlemen After him I cured Hugon Derling of Fendwik in the vale by Snayth Also I cured Iohn Sheffild of Brightwell beside Tekyll and Sir Rainold Greâ—e Lorde of Wilton in Walles and Lord of Shirlond beside Chesterfeelde which asked counsell of the most famous Chirurgions that were in England and none auailed him Afterward I cured Sir Henry Blackborne Treasurer with the Lorde of Walles Prince of England After I cured Adam Humfry of Shelfoord besides Nottingham and Sir Iohn Priest of the same towne And Iohn of Hello of Sherlond And Sir Tho. Hannildon parson of Langare in the Vale of Beuer. After I healed Sir Iohn Mastie parson of Stoppert in Cheshire Afterward in Anno. 1370. I came to London and there I cured M. Iohn Colin Maior of Northamton that asked counsell of many skilfull persons After I cured Hugh Denny of London Fishmonger and William Polle and Ralphe Dowble Thomas Browne that had fiâ—ftéene holes by which went out winde with the excrements There were eight holes on the one side of his fundament and seuen on the other side of which some were distant from the fundament the space of a hand bredth His buttocks were so vlcerated and so putrified within that the ordure and the filth went out each day as much as would fill an egge shell After I cured foure Crosse Friers preachers that is to say Frier Iohn Writtell Frier Iohn Haket Frier Peter Browne Frier Thomas Apperley and a young man called Thomas Voke of which foresaid some had onely one hole distant from the fundament by one ynth or two or thrée and some had iiii or v. holes procéeding to the cods All these forenamed persons by their owne confession before I finished this booke thankes be giuen to God were perfectly healed with many other which it were to long to set downe God knoweth I lye not And therefore let no man doubt of this though all old famous men that were great students haue not confessed the same that I saye They had not the way of curing in this case For God that is the giuer of all wisedome hath hidden many things from wise men which he vouchsafeth afterward to shew vnto the simple Therefore know ye all that come after that the olde Maisters were not busie in practising or serching this cure because they could not take away the callosite at the first they forsooke it accompting it vncurable though some auctors make doubtful opinions thereoff For as much as it commeth to passe that in hard things students and practicioners should be more busie to séeke out the secrets of nature and to trye their wittes For knowledge and cunning aboundeth not in slothfull students but in the ingenious and painefull Therefore to the honour of almightie God that opened knowledge to mée that I should finde treasure within the fielde of knowledge that with longe time and panting breast I haue sweat and trauailed and full busilie indeuored my selfe as my facultie suffiseth to sette foorth this woorke faithfullie for the vtilitie and profit of those that come after Wherefore it béehoueth all those that purpose to practise herein to haue in a redinesse these Instruments folowing 1 The first Instrument is called Sequere me which is the first Instrument pertaining to the worke for with the same wée doe both search and proue euerye hollowe sore which waye the cauitie or hollownesse runneth And it ought to bée made in the same fashion and maner as Women doe vse in theyr headdes and of the same mettall and it ought to bée verye small that it be lightlie plied and replied and the head as little as may be or eâ—… they will not enter into the orifice of the Fistulae for oftentimes the Fistulae in the fundament hath verye small holes 2 There is another instrument called Acus Rostrata i. snowted néedle for it hath the one ende like a snowt and in the other end an eie like a néedle by the which thrids ought to be drawne through againe by the middle of the Fistulae as shal be saide in his proper place And it ought to be of Siluer as it is pictured and it ought to be no greater in proporcion then it is pictured nor longer in the snowte It should containe in lenght viii ynches 3 The third instrument is called Tendiculum and it ought to be made of Boxe or other like conuenient wood no longer nor bigger then his shape is pictured and it ought to haue an hole in the side in which there is put a wrest by which wrest in the vpper ende shal be a little hole through the which shal be put two endes of a thrid foure fould going out first of the fundament and the orifice of the Fistula which thrid is called Frenum cesaris and the which also going betwéene the wrest and the wresting the skinne of the fundament betwixt the Fistula and it and that it be fast contained aboue the snowte of the
A most excellent and COMPENDIOVS METHOD of curing woundes in the head and in other partes of the body with other precepts of the same Arte practised and written by that famous man FRANCISCVS ARCEVS Doctor in Phisicke Chirurgery and translated into English by Iohn Read Chirurgion WHEREVNTO IS ADDED THE exact cure of the Caruncle neuer before set foorth in the English toung With a treatise of the Fistulae in the fundament and other places of the body translated out of Iohannes Ardern And also the discription of the Emplaister called Dia Chalciteos with his vse and vertues With an apt Table for the better finding of the perticular matters contayned in this present worke IMPRINTED AT LONDON BY Thomas East for Thomas Cadman 1588. To my very good louing friends Iohn Bannister Gentlemam Maister in Chirurgerie and practitioner in Phisicke William Clowes and William Pickering Gentlemen and Maisters in Chirurgerie Ihon Reade wisheth prosperous successe in your doeings health of body after this life eternall felicitie THis part of Phisicke which is called Chirurgia my true and louing friends is the most aucieÌ„t principal part of medicinal practise so highly commended of Hippocrates Gallen Celsus and other learned men that they accouÌ„t iâ— a haynous matter for any man to meddle with the same which in deede is not a Phisition For Chirurgery is maymed and vtterlie vnperfect without the healpe of those other partes which consisteth in prescribing of inward medicines and conuenient diet And is so neare linked with these in a lyance that no man deserueth to be called a Chirurgion that is ignorant in Phisicke For vlcers Apostumes or any other extreme affects of the skinne haue their originall from some inward cause and nature expelleth them from thence vnto the skinne as vnto a naturall clensing place Likewise in wounds that are inward there happeneth oftentimes ebullicion of humours by meanes of anger or some other passion of the minde wherevnto if due regard be not giuen the Chirurgians labour is in vaine and his topicall medicines applyed to no purpose If this seeme obscure or false vnto any man let him reade Hippocrates touching the stuffe which a phisition is to vse For in that place he setteth downe most euidentlie what emplaisters Vnguents and other instruments are necessarie for the Phisition Let him also consider that he sheweth that the very rootes of vlcers apostumes ought first to bee plucked vp Let him also weigh how he teacheth that speciall regard is to be had to the appointing of conuenient dyet And so shall he well vnderstand that Chirurgians ought to be seene in phisicke and that the Barbours crafte ought not to be tearmed chirurgerie But why am I so tedious heerein when as the verie difinition of phisicke doth agree with chirurgirie Wherefore if chirurgerie be phisicke no wise man will denie but that the chirurgians ought to be seene in phisicke considering they worke both vppon one subiect Wherefore they ought not to be tearmed chirurgians which haue learned nothing but the composition of two or three emplaisters out of Barbours shoppes neither yet Barbours themselues nor vnskilfull women besides a number of blinde bussardly bayardes which maister Wiliam Clowes hath most properlie painted foorth in their right coulours in his booke entituled de Morbo Gallico wherefore I omit them although they confidently cracke and bragge that they can cure any thing And with great boldnesse doe take vppon them the practise of this science insomuch that they deptiue men of learning of their due commodities heerein Giueing out that such are phisitions and not chirurgians As though the chirurgian ought not to be seene in phisicke or that he could be a phisition that were ignorant in chirurgerie But oh good God is it tollerable that the auncient glorie and renoume of chirurgirie should be so defaced or that such men as haue spent all their time in it should so iniuriously be put from the benefit of the same If therefore these men that haue all their time bestowed their studies in chirurgerie for the reliefe of such as are diseased doubtles they may freely notwithstanding the gainesaying of carping crackers and blinde empericks vndertake the practise of this part of phisick in any place Considering the beginning of these ordinary chirurgians which commonlie we call barbara chirurgians reade Vesalius in his epistle which he set foorth before his worke of the frame of mans body In which place he setteth downe the reason whie in these our daies chirurgerie is deuided from phisick not without great hurt vnto mankinde I write not these things vnto you louing friends for that I would in anie wise abolish the auncient priuiledge which hath beene graunted in times past vnto the Barbors of the Cittie of London for there are in the saide Cittie which also vse Barberie that are verie expert and skilfull in chirurgerie But for my part let them practise this arte such as will and are disposed to keepe them from hunger and colde Onely this I note the abuses heerein of our present time yeelding altogether the practise of this noble arte to the great hinderance of the common weale vnto men vnlearned and I doe withall affirme that all chirurgians ought to be seene in phisicke and that the Barbors crafte ought to be a distinct mistery from chirurgery I thought it good louing friendes to discourse vnto you something at large in this matter that ye might understand how farre this arte in these our daies is fallen from the auncient and true chirurgerie and how much the beautie of the same is blemished and defaced by these obscure and base emperickes Neither is it without cause louing patronâ— that I haue spent all this time with you in these matters For you are they which in most delighted in chirurgerie you are they by whom chirurgerie being decayed may hope for reformacion you are they which for your singular skill heerein are able to iudge of all such imperfections as lurke among these busardlie empericks You are they that are able to defend the true sincere chirurgerie against the false and corrupt In consideration whereof I thought it not amisse heerein to publish vnto you my courteous friends these â—uctors which I haue translated hoping thereby that the ruder sorte being alured with the facilitie and easinesse of the same will more earnestly apply their mindes to the learning thereof And that many will bee moued hereby the sooner whome otherwise conceit of difficultie might haue feared away But I am assured that I shall hereby incurre the hatred of the enuious and the reprehencions of carping quarrellers But that some profite may come by this my paynes vnto such as are studious in Chirurgerie I esteeme nothing of them for I know I shall be easilie able to put to silence those vnnaturall persons It may be that some will thinke me of Antisthenes faction that laide platformes of euery mans life and yet the Philosopher was more wise in his
facion the incision according to the contusion The next day I pâ—…ced the skull with the trepan although the rift in the bone scanâ— appered a haire brâ—…th very little But I found a great deale of congeled bloud meruailous foule which was falen downe vpon Dura mater By the meanes therfore in that order he was in shorte time cured perfectly healed as we shal put downe in the chapter folowing without any great â—raunce or sâ—…ne passion or other accedents troubling him The Annotation of the second Chapter It is holdeÌ„ for a great question among the learnedst Surgions whether it be possible that the skull may be broken and no solution of continuite in the skinne appearing Celsus and Paulus opinion is that it must appeare in the skin if the bone be cut Notwithstanding Hippocrates séemes to be of another opinion in his booke which Iacobus Petusiâ—asâ—on affirmeth by argumentes drawne from nature it fulse Search further Viduis Vidus a Florentine which hath written a Coment vppon the same booke ¶ Of the fracture of the skull Chapter 3. THe vnlearned and unskilfull Chirurgions whereof here in England haue no lack doe oftentimes notwithout great daunger of the pacient offend the fracture of the skull for lacke of knowledge in the arte and for want of iudgement whiles they do nothing consider of the fracture of the bones and doe neglect to serch out throughlie whether any thing be hurt or perished in the right Mirabile or any of the other pannicles or compactions of the braine for the partes of the liuer or innermost bone which men call Vitrea tabula oftentimes happeneth to be cut in sunder shiuered dashed broken in péeces and moued out of their places and that fault is found more oftener in the inner Table then in the vpper Which thinges first most grieuous panges and griefes and after death it selfe doth ensue But ther are verie many to whom it is a verie light matter wher no suspicion nor any kind of fracture is to moue them doth open the head with incision wheÌ„ a man may iustly suspect or mistrust certaine fractures then they open nothing at all The cause of these thinges is ignorance of the art the necligence to vnderstand and the eschewing of labour and trauaill in considering of thinges out But although there be nothing fractured without yet it is not to be doubted but that something hath béene brused within as the fracture of some veine hath followed the same bruse out of which veine the brused bloâ—d being shed and congeled is pâ—…triffed and turned into impostumation and matter for the which when there is no place open to purge and issue foorth it commeth to posse the pannicles enuironing the braine yea and the brayne it selfe is inflamed and corrupted of this thing manifest signes shortlie after doe appeare which being come then is the partie cast away It may be also that although the veines be not fractured yet by reason of the vehement bruse stripe or greefe receiued much bloud within the veines themselves may bée drawen foorth and stirred vp and therefore an inflamation of the place and corruption also may insue In all these cures therefore the cure may bée donne by no other meanes better then by the trepan for when the skull is once opened by the trepan and that the pannicles may be perceiued although the place be inflamed and fastered yet for the most part it happeneth the wound to be cured and healed and the same bloud so congeled by the corruption or concussion of the bone is disceuered and wipte away Therefore in such mishappe this thing is to be foreséene especially that the wounde be opened and the place clensed and with towe soupled and dipped in the white of an egge and so to be made vp Then from the next day after vntill the seuenth this sirupe ensuing is to be ministred to the patient the vse whereof shall supplie the right office of a conuenient purgation For wée haue founde by good experience that other purgations greatly to hurt those that are in this case Rec. Sirupi RosaruÌ„ â„¥ ij Aqua Plantaginis â„¥ iij. Misseto And so long must they vse this diet exquisitelie vntill you perceiue they haue néede of flesh meate The next day that is to say the next after the first dressing at the seâ—…de opening it is to be dressed with our Balme and a plaister of Gummi Elemij laide thereon and so to be artiâ—…ially bounde vp againe But the third daye ye must vse the trepan to open the skull the â—se and reason of which instrument shal be declared of vs in his conuenient place But the skull must be opened from the lower part of the wounde with the trepan and presently as soone as the bone shal be opened with the same spoone which shal be in the Surgions case ye shall applie vpon the pannicles of Oleum Rosarum Lactis Mulieris et Mellis Rosarum ana partes equalis Being warmed at the flame of a Candell in your foresaide spoone assoone as this is done put betwéene the bone and the pannicles of the braine a rounde péece of stike which the Spaniards call Sendall that the pannicles of the braine be not hurt by pulsation or beating against the bone being ragged by meanes of the fracture TheÌ„ handsomelie make vp your wounde with Lints â—nâ—dynting she bone with that our Balme being liquished at the â—…er then fill your wounde with your foresaide Lintes not with too hard depression and so finish your dressing with an emplaister of Gummi Elemij or de Minio laide thereon In this order the patient being dressed the next day after the matter or corruption of the wound being verie well and commodiously gathered together and putrified is easley confected whereof I thinke we shall not néede to vse those digestions neither to these nor yet to anie other woundes which are coÌ„monly of the yolke of an egge oyle of Roses Turpentine neither to anoint the head with oile of Roses neither any other meÌ„ber that is wounded for by this our Balme the corruption is soonest brought to perfection and the place not inflamed I can easily witnes that I haue loÌ„g vsed this order of healing which I haue declared neuer repented me thereof in most daungerous wounds whether the paÌ„nicles of the braine were corrupted or some part of the braine it self perished and as far I can iudge 〈◊〉 vsed of those digestiues and anointings to are wont to be the 〈◊〉 that the cures of such wounds are prolonged to the second and third moneth for the wounds are corrupted and puâ—…sted more then néedes the complexion is made the worse the member weakened which happenest otherwise if the 〈◊〉 be done in that order which I haue declared For by this meanes the time of healing doth seldom 〈…〉 moneth and the bones if any are to be drawre foorth the xxv day or before are loosed according to the quantitie of the fracture
remedis the consumed are healed and such as haue Fistulaes déepe in the brest Annotations of the second Chapter That kinde of Fistula which the Gréekes call Surynga is so termed for resemblance it hath of certaine réeds or hollow canes as saith Aeginata a Fistula is a hollow concauite or corner which in time is inuironed with a hard callus substāce so that the parts once seperated cannot be vnited Galen in his little booke of Tumor vnnatural saith that a Fistula for the most part happeneth of an impostume not well healed it may happen in any part of the bodie which draw with them peculiar Symtoms as Celsus and Aetius do testifie in the xiiii booke This auctor setteth forth onely the cure of those Fistulaes which fall out by the ill handling bad curing of wounds in the brest Quod si nullum os If no bone The redy cure is of the simple fistulae and lately happened in the flesh otherwise if a fistula haue hurt either a bone or a gristle or a muskie or if it light in any ioynte or if it chaunce in the bladder or in the Lungs or in the orifice of the Matrix or if it happen on any principall veine or that it pearce any howell it is euer very perrilous and often times killeth the partie As Paulus saith in his vi booke and 78. Chapter Ex ligno sancto of Lignum sanctum or Guaiacum This cure is approued and writ by Tagaultius and sertenlie not without reason for this kinde of wood hath a most manifest force in drying and resisteth putrifaction of peculiar vertue and hath a singular propertie in strengthning the part All which Scopes and intentions are very requisit in a filthie rootten ulcer of long continuance as fistulaes commoulie are Ipsius fistule curatio of the cure of the same fistulae The applicable remedies are verie many Which from Galen Paulus Aetius and Celsus may bée drawen I will note vnto you the remedie that Hippocrates writeth in his booke of fistulaes That the roote of Seselis applied doth take away the callouse which vertue Paulus emputeth to the roote of splondilion Hecteca febre et ptisi of the feuer Hecticke and the Ptisicke What the differences of these are those that haue studied Phisicke can best discerne I will onely add this that an Ague is to the Ptisike alwaies associable as Marasmus that kind of consumption followeth A Trophia a difect in nourishment as Galen in his booke de Marasmo hath set downe What farther this aucthor doth promise I neyther haue séene nor red protested by any other For all men hold this generally that that fistulae that is bredde by corrosion or fretting is vncurable as Hyppocrates in his booke de Glandulis and Galen in his fifth booke de methodo medendi doth report that vnlesse this hurt receiue cure within thrée daies the estate of such are thought desperate and pitifull Of the curing of the Canker happening in womens breastes Cap. 3. CAncers doe happen most especially to women and to those aboue others that are barren eyther by nature or by election Of which sort are Noonnes others that haue chosen a continent and single life they doe happen also to men but that seldome The healing of these séemed to vs worthie to sette downe in writing in this booke because it is a great deale more easie to those that shall know it well then as the auncient writers haue set it foorth where vpon this is a common song euerie where almost among all the Phisitions of our time that the secret or hidden cancer is not healed at anis time but if it be to be cured they iudge it necessarie to vse the pallatiue cure as they call it and that it ought not to bée cut off which thing if it had béene put downe in the cancer exulcerate if had béene well spoken For to such exulcerate cancers the pallatiue cure onely profiteth For if they bée cured otherwise a more present and assured daunger is to be feared For they are woont to bée eaten away and consumed a great deale sooner by laying to medicines especially if corrosiue medicines be layd therevnto or by any meanes it happen any bloud to bée powred out of them But to cure the rest which are not erulcerate it is not so hard a matter as they thinke which doe sette foorth nor teach no cure of cancers at all nor showe how they may bée drawen foorth whereas they may notwithstanding bée drawen foorth whole without any daunger although it happen the same to be great But that cure of Cancers which is taught by writers whereas their intencion is all about resoluing the same that is altogether without effecte Which wée haue found verye often to bée in vayne although wée haue béene diligent in preparing and practising the same with diuers resolutiues Which sort of remedies are taught vs of Vigo and of Celsus Guido and others wherefore howe such manner of cancers maye without harme bée both drawen foorth and also throughlie cured I thought it good to put it in writing for the behouse of the common vtilitie and this is the bréefest order of curing which we shall teach you First of the whole curing of those cancers which are not exulcerate and scondly also of those cancers which are exulcerate we will with a verie ercellent palleatiue cure declare whereby we haue long prolonged many men and women and least they shuld for that cause perish we haue taken deligent care and inspecially a certaine man a priest we did so preserue aboue xx yéeres with this kinde of cure that before he ended his life he was thoroughlie cured And when he deceased he was more then foure score yéeres of age first at the beginning the most certaine signes of this disease are the encreasing of these cancers bigger and bigger for when the same be first bred they do not excéed the greatnes of a Chiche but in a yéere or two or somwhat more they become greater and harder in féeling There are other signes also set foorth of writers which ye may séeke for in their bookes Therefore when wée will cut foorth the Cancer we must first of all prepare the diseased body with a purgacion ministring therevnto such Sirupes for foure or fiue dayes whose nature is approued concoct blacke and adust colour For of those humours doth this euill first grow and increase After this some purgation is to be giuen which shall be iudged best to agrée with the complexion of the man The third daye after the purgation the second or third houre after dinner lette two youlkes of egges with the whites be well beaten together adding thervnto if you please a little Rose water There shal be also in a redinesse great plentie of plageants made of the most fine two of flaxe Furthermore small Cusshions or Boulsters with a roule or fillet fiue fingers broad and a good porcion also of frise or dags waine and a great roulling néedle and
of that Monastaire who had the charge to keepe the Gotes whiles he was in the â—elde to thrust into the cundute of his yarde a stalke of corne with the eare The eare was now driâ— and all the corne bâ—…ten out and he did shew me that whiles he did thrust it in he felt no griefe at all but when he would haue pluckt it out againe he could not because the beard of the eare being fastened in the flesh he was meruailously grieued at the length he thought it better to thrust it all forward then to draw foorth the part which was thrust in And within few daies that it came through into his bladder But when a whole yéere and a halfe he selt no griefe he thought it conuerted into water that he made After that time he began to be troubled with an impostume in the lest thigh For the curing whereof he came to the hospitall of that Monasterie which was appointed for the curing of the poore In which place whiles he was in curing and the impostume was now ripe and opened of vs. It happened that vpon a certaine daye in the morning when we had made cleane the wound by chaunce we saw a hull in the very vlcer but I thinking the same to haue bene mingled in with the lints the day before and so to haue sticken fast to the flesh did cause it to be taken away with the Mullets and at the last the stalke with the eare did most easely sollow as I drew it But all we the Phisitions being amased at the straungenesse of the thing and also others that stoode by wée could not gesse what that matter should meane vntill that olde man being noued with our talke lifting vp his head seeing the eare sticking in the foreceps said vnto mée I my selfe did thrust it into my yarde a yéere and a halfe since and so declared all the whole matter how it was done and the times in which it was altogether thrust in In which place great admiracion came vpon vs and most especiall occasion to praise the diuine prouidence for thus God prouided for the man that the skinne of the bladder should be broken by little and little and so should expell the eare from the bladder being broken to the flesh that was next and after that the skinne of the bladder should come together and the flesh being impostumated should ripen and the unpostumation being ripe and cured the eare should come foorth and at the length within very fewe dayes the olde man should be deliuered for he was throughly cured Annotations of the fourth Chapter Those wounds discussed which concerne the vpper belly he hasteneth to those which concerne the nethermost Hippocrates in his second booke of the order of diet in sharp and daungerous discases deuideth the bellies into two containing the vppermost by the Middriffe the other by the cell called Omentum The learned Chirurgions deuide them into three that is co saye the vppermost the middlemost and the nethermost Whereof the first two agrée with the other deuision the third comprehendech the ventricles of the braine For this cause looke Alfonsus Ferrius in his third booke de Scolopatorom vulneribus Ab huiusmodi ergo These wounds must be deuided as we haue done those of the brest Either they doe hurte the inward parts or not If the inward the stomake the liuer the splene or the bowels If the inward partes be wounded they are veny deadly as witnesseth Hippocrates in his vi boke of Aphorismes if the bladder c. If those inward parts be not hurt although the wound be inward it is lesse daungerous But if on the hinder part ther be any wound receaued that perceth inwardly it is the more perillous for the affinitie of the Vertebres the Spine bone and Nerues that spring from thence the case is not a like in the fore-parts of the bodie all circumstances considered Igitur eorumque Therefore of those which This maner of cure is set downe by Albucrasis and is very worthie of noting that in all wounds it is very profitable that there be some flux of bloud sauing onely those in the belly which Hippocrates excepteth in his booke of vicers Which place we thus expound least we should seeme to speake that which is contrarie to our selues in our treatise of wounds of the brest Hippocrates feareth least by the great plentie of bloud which breaking foorth of the oriâ—…re of the wound should fall downe into the nether region of the belly it should bréede very many inconueniences For as he saith in an other place whensoeuer any vnnaturall issue of bloud chaunceth to fall into the belly the same must néedes come to suppuration For bloud being out of the veines loseth both naturall qualitie and vertue as Galen testifieth Wherefore wounds of the belly are in that place to be vnderstoode Those which reach to déepely in any inwarde part whether it is to be feared least the bloud issuing will preseÌ„tly conuay it selfe But those wounds that chaunce in any outward part of the belly require no especiall euâ—e but must be héedefully looked vnto for feare of inflamation so must suffer a sufficient issue of bloud as well as other parts by which meanes they are safely cured and free from danger Tictus autem ratio tenuis A spare kinde of diet You must not onely obserue an order in diet but also a reason of your medicines where in you may be directed by Galen in his fourth booke of Methode of curing Of wounds simple and compound Cap. 5. ALl gréene wounds generally in whatsoeuer part they are made except those which are made in the head are wont to be cured of our vnexpert Surgions and practicioners after one sorte and with like remedies whether the same be simple or compound Yet I doe not deny but that there are in Spaine many learned Surgions whoÌ„ the knowledge of the arte industry and faithfull dealing hath made worthie of all commendations but all the rest for the most part besides these doe vse one order all one saâ—…ues and doe take one waie which they think that by no meanes els any man may or ought to passe That thing trulie commeth héereof because neither they vnderstand those thinges which they haue read nor yet account it good to aske of them which doe vnderstand nether do they thinke it conuenient or honest to aske counsell of those that are better learned neither to séeke to them that are more expert and to folow them as guides But oftentimes it commeth to passe that to such kinde of men their cure doth not prosper according to their minde in which thing when all there common remedies being assayed are in vaine this one thing is a common refuge at the last for them all that they send men awaie being spoiled of their mony with a plaister of Diacilon which they call Socrocium as if they were vtterly whole And would to God the same reward of their vnperfect cure did
brought together I thinke it good also to adde the composition of those plaisters which are so greatly commended and alâ—wed of vs. LeoninuÌ„ Emplastrum Rec. Cerusae â„¥ .iij. Olei Rosati lib. ss Vnguenti Basiliconis â„¥ .j. Let them all boyle together with a soft fire to the point of a cerote after that let there be added Veridis eris puluerizati Ê’ iij And let them boyle againe vntill they receaue a yelow coulour or somewhat Lion tawnâ— red and so make vp your Cerote EmplastruÌ„ Nigrum Rec. Lythargirij lib.j. Olei Antiqui Aceti fortissimi Ana. lib.iij. Let them be mingled in Caccola vntill they be thick and afterwards let there be made a plaister at the fier but after the wound is healed the member it to be comforted with the plaister comfortatiue whether it be the hand or any such place or any part that néedeth strength or restitution we are able to report that this plaister which we worthely call the Comfortatiue plaister and which we haue vsed this feâ—tie yéeres and more is verie profitable both for this kinde and also for â—uring of fraâ—ures and dislocations and to ease the griefe of all the members The descripcion whereof vs shall finde in the ende of the booke Annotations of the fifth Chapter Our auctor héere séemeth to agrée with the Arabians in distinguishing a wound from an vlcer for they will haue a wouÌ„d to be a fresh solution of continuite blouddie and with out any matter An vlcer is termed to be a solution of continuitie conioyned with matter As Auerroise faith in his second and third booke but the Gréekes and those that haue interprited their workes in Latin doe confound those two solutions of continuite and would haue them signifie both one as the diligent reader may more playnely obserue The differences of wounds are to bée noted from the diâ—…rs manners and meanes of solutions of conâ—iâ—uitie which Aâ—…icenâ— handleth more at â—…ge in his second booke c. Those will I rehearse that belong to the absolute explication of this Chapter Woundes are deuided according to the partes that they light vpon as Galen in his third booke of compendious arte doth write For some be in those partes which by kinde are a like and some in those partes which by kinde are differing as our aucthor perticularly maketh mention of both partes They are eyther recoâ—ed of by the subiect in which they be as Galen in his in booke de Mithaned by which meanes that wound is called simple wherevnto there is neyther sickenesse nor accident a 〈…〉 Contrariewise that wound is called coÌ„pound which hath any of those accidents adioyned which froÌ„ the other are 〈◊〉 as in the iiij booke the Meth Med more plaineâ—… doth appeare Some times 〈◊〉 take their names 〈◊〉 the quantitie of that which is deuided or cut and those woundes 〈◊〉 aucthor handleth also but more largely we haue entreated of them in our aâ—…otations of woundes in the head Secundam curationem the second cure Simple woundes doe not desire those kinde of medicines which doe so much conglutinate as the compoundes doe they require verie drying as Hippocrates in his booke of vlcers saieth Prius sanguis profluere first suffer the bloud to issue In the cure of these woundes the aucthors purpose is to vse drying medicines and to foresée by all meanes possible that no inflamation doe follow where if any such thing fall out it will kéepe the wound from healing Which oâ—… aucthor regarding is of this opinion that the bloud if of it selfe it doe not issue must bée forced eyther out of the wound or of some part néere vnto it For he thought it would so come to passe that if the impedimentes were taken away which by accident might hinder the wounde will the sooner be healed Which opinion not onely Hippocrates was of but also the best learned and wisest aucthors besides in his time Si forte magnum vulnus if happely the wounde bée great Great and daungerous woundes are by Galen deuided into thrée kinds in his 4. booke de Meth Med either for the vehemency of the passion or for the excellency and principall vse of the part affected or for the virulency or venemed humor that haunteth the wound as commonly those woundes be full of that chaune in any ioyâ—…t a great wound as our aucthor saieth with Galen where the strength is verie great of the partie sheweth that it is â—…cessary to let out more bloud although he that is wounded make no great showe of abundance of bloud Not onely for that least the parte wounded or any néere about should be affected with any inflamation but that the vehement recourse of the bloud haunting to the place might be diuerted and the extreme flux appeased Postera autem die for the other day Neither it is necessarie in all woundes to open a deinc for Hippo. saith it néedeth not in woundes of the head The reason thereof is in our booke of Annotations out of Hippo. declareth And our aucthor séemeth to passe ouer his spéeches vnto compound woundes because they are commonly eyther with payne or inflamation conioyned But whether they haue either one or both of those Phlebothomy is verie necessarie Purgato purge And that with a medicine verie easie and gentle that may agrée to the proportion of the humor in the body and member wounded Si in locis neruosis vulnus if the wound happen in sinewie partes These kinde of 〈◊〉 requira a more exquisite 〈◊〉 the nother as 〈◊〉 in his vs 〈…〉 and â—…â—…en in his 〈◊〉 books of medicine doth set 〈◊〉 Verily these kinde of woundes require almost diligent care in the curing 〈…〉 partes 〈◊〉 wounded or prict by reason of their nicete and sharpenes in féeling are â—…ly in â—…ed 〈…〉 with 〈◊〉 wherevpon spring convulsions and 〈◊〉 yea and many times raâ—ing and dâ—tage for that there is so great a coâ—…itie and aâ—… netie betwéene the â—…trues and the braâ—ne as Galen reportâ—th â—n the third booke of the arte of Medicine The cure of these kinde of 〈◊〉 is common with the other this onely excepted that the poynt requires the counsell of some 〈◊〉 Phiâ—itioned appease the sâ—me Then intent 〈◊〉 are to 〈◊〉 all outward mishaâ—es that may chaunce to reconsile the lippes of the wound that already 〈…〉 those â—…ce brought together so to reâ—… 〈…〉 fourth intencionâ—s to preserue the part hurt 〈◊〉 that the 〈…〉 decay not The other circumstances are more at large to bée obserued out of the aucthor Of vlcers and of the cure of the same Cap. 6. THâ—s are verie few Surgions which will take vpon them to cure olde vlcers and many there are which know not the meanes to cure the same And among these there are many which when any such vlcer shal come to their hands doe counsell him that is the pocient in any wise not is bée cured and they bring this reason for to perswade them that it will come to passe if the vlcer shalbée healed and
the thicknesse of one finger comming foorth a little vnder the bone of the back the pan or left wing of the lungs was thrust through not farre from the heart as the sight of the place sheweth But he was cured in that order which is set foorth of vs in the first chapter of the second booke and whiles the cure proceded the tenth day after he was wounded a great abundance of bloud did issue out of the wound of the lungs by reason of the continuall mocion of the same Which conflowing within the brest was congeled The next dressing great porcions of congeled bloud together with corrupt matter made of the wound came foorth not without meruaile of the standers by because they were greater porcions then should be beléeued that they might be receaued as they came foorth or sent foorth of the bodie These accidents considered when I saw the pacient power out euery day twise too great abundance of corrupcion I determined to change my purpose meaning to proue that waye as I taught you how Fistulaes should be cured and foorthwith I began And when two daies together I hadde giuen him that water to drink which is there set foorth at length all the congeled bloud together with the corrupted matter came foorth in two other daies the corrupted matter consumed away also and by and by he was deliuered of his ague and being in most short time made whole he became so very fat that great matter was offered to thē that knew the man to praise God An example of a certaine familier friend of Lodouike Zapata Cap. 16. THis man being a familier friend of maisher Lewis Zapata was wounded with a broade dagger foure times behinde his back and striken on the left side but of those wounds one was receaued the breadth of sixe fingers vnder the shoulder bone the dagger yelding back went downe betwene the flesh and the bone as much as I haue oftentimes measured to be seuen fingers breadth vntill the dagger passing through all the shoulder thrust betwéene the spaces of the ribbes came to the verie holownesse of the bodie Before that I came thether after I was sent for I did coniecture by those things that happened after great abundance of bloud gushing out of all partes of the wound to haue runne into the holownesse of the bodie But that bloud could not come foorth because the wound being couered with the skinne and the flesh did penetrate downward which way it is very like that the fluxes did also tend For the first opening of the dagger was déeper thē that the blood might well breake foorth So I when I had begun my first cure nor could finde no direct going downe would haue thought that it had penetrate no more then the rest After I had serched the place more diligently and thrust in my finger I perceiued that the wound did go downe farther then I could follow with my finger Therefore when I had perceiued that the wound did penetrate to the concauite I opened the place ouer against the ribbes cutting the skinne and the flesh directly against it so that putting in my finger I might easely come to the innermore parts and touch also the lights which is nert the back bone But he was cured in that order as I haue shewed you in the penetrating wounds of the breast and at the first dressing there was no corrupcion or matter made but a certaine small humiditie did issue foorth but the fourth day water of a sanguine coulour flowed out as that is in the which flesh is washed and dayly as his dressings dyd follow it came out more abūdantly so that euerie dressing it did fill a vessell which they call a saucer and that it might issue out the better and more spéedelie I had the pacient to cough and holde in his breath hée was dressed of me foure times a day and beside that which ranne out at euery dressing the issue stayed not day nor night so that his bed was like a sinke or ditch Therfore at the fourth day when I perceiued such fluxe of water to continue without any token of matter I did determine to giue the patient that water set forth by vs in the last example And by and by assoone as he began to drinke thereof by the continuall space of twelue daies a greater abundance of water or mattrie substance came foorth without any hurt of the man or any great féeling but so that the second day it came foorth somewhat white and liquid But the thirde day a great deale whiter vntill it came foorth so white and thicke cleauing fast to the vessell wherin it was receaued that it would skantly runne out being turned downe but it ranne foorth euerie day lesse and lesse vntill the xii day in the which at length it stinted and the entrance of the wound did sodenly close vppe in the vtter parte thereof which although I did oftentimes open with my instrumentes yet did it send foorth neither matter or any such humor neither came the breath foorth there as before and so the cure procéeded the pacient being yet possessed with a continuall feuer Wherefore thrée daies together I added to that water of whole barly and Raisons brused with their kirnells and of Tamarinds ℥ .ij. And by this meanes the feuer ware away The tenth day after I found the man troubled with great paine in the brest and with a feuer And when I found that great abundance of water or watrie substance came out of the brest without matter after I had put in a tente there came foorth as yet more watrie or filthie corruption And so it was sixe dayes after casting foorth of the wound lesse matter euerie day After this the flaxe stinted and the wound healed And the man as yet by the helpe of God liueth and is verie well A generall rule for the Phisition and the Surgion THose which will take vpon them to make any confection or to minister Phisicke ought most especially to vnderstand the commodities comming of medicines and the same may be read in Auicene and other writers the qualities of simple medicines are to bée knowen also And what partes of the body they doe respect For there are medicines which do corroborate some peculiar part of the body as Mentha doth heate all the bodie but especially the stomacke which commeth to passe through a certaine sympathie that is to say a mutuall combinacion in naturall operacion of that hearbe and the stomacke as in an other place we haue spoken of Betonica Melissa Cucurbita Chamapithi Nux Muscala Camedri Lauro Centauria which respect the head ye must consider also in prescribing your decoctions that the thinges which be of a groser substance be put in the first place for rootes are to be decocted first and of longer time in the seconde place hearbes in the thirde séedes in the fourth fruites in the fifth flowers in the sixt spices And this is to bée noted also