〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 De Studio Theologiae OR DIRECTIONS FOR THE Choice of Books IN THE Study of Divinity Written by the R t Reverend Father in GOD Dr. THOMAS BARLOW Late L d Bishop of Lincoln Provost of Queen's College and MARGARET Professor of DIVINITY in OXFORD Publish'd from the Original Manuscript By WILLIAM OFFLEY M. A. Prebendary of Lincoln and Domestick Chaplain to His Lordship OXFORD Printed by LEON LICHFIELD 1699. TO THE Right Reverend Father in GOD JAMES Lord Bishop of LINCOLN MY LORD WHilst others who are more immediately under Your Episcopal Government do equally approve and commend Your Generous Disposition and indefatigable Industry upon all Accounts to advance the Honour of the most Excellent Church of ENGLAND I cannot at this unhappy distance be silent but think my self obliged to mention that great Esteem which Your Lordship entertains for the Memory of many Learned Prelates who have presided over that Holy See which Your Lordship at present so deservedly fills And I am very sensible what an honourable regard Your Lordship in particular has for Bishop Barlow's Memory which suffer'd extreamly from those two Relick-mongers who printed a Spurious Book under his Lordship's Commanding Name and Character And whereas neither Religion or Gratitude were of any force to restrain their Endeavours from blasting their Great Benefactor 's Reputation after his Death by their publishing of many small Tracts it was thought necessary for Bishop Barlow's Legatees to whose Care his Lordship had committed all his own Original MSS. to undeceive the World and put a stop to mercenary proceedings by exposing the Defects of those Papers which were surreptitiously printed And I hope those Reflections which were drawn up and publish'd in the Year 1694. by my Brother Chaplain the late Ingenious Mr. Henry Brougham and My-self have been so far serviceable as to do justice to our Pious Patron 's Memory and to vindicate Our selves from all Suspicion of being any way concern'd in so base an Action as that of Selling to be Printed many private Papers with the specious Title of the Genuine Remains of that Learned Prelate Dr. Thomas Barlow c. My late Lord commanded that particular care should be taken of all his Original MSS. And that I may with greater ease discharge my Trust I have lately reposited all Bishop Barlow's Original Writings in the Archives of Queens College Library in Oxon two MSS. only excepted one treating of Grosthead's Life and Works which I left in Your Lordship's Library at Buckden in its way hereafter to the Library at Lincoln where the Ashes of that Memorable Prelate are Intomb'd The other MS. relating to the Choice of Books in the Study of Divinity I here humbly present to Your Lordship's Patronage which Your Lordship has already been pleas'd in a great measure to grant by approving of my Design and giving me good Hopes of Your Lordship's recommending These Directions to the Clergy of Your Extensive Diocese that they may be acquainted with the smallest part of that Learned Bishop's Study whose Communicative Presence they were not so happy to enjoy by his Visiting of them in such a Regular and Episcopal manner as Your Lordship has lately done in Your Primary Visitation of Your Diocese That part of his Sacred Office in our Church Bishop Barlow often complain'd he was not able to discharge as he ought And when he once attempted to visit his Diocese in Person which he often did by Legal Deputies by Confirming great numbers of People at Four several Towns in Hunting tonshire he was necessitated to tell some that then waited on him That his great Age and Infirmities wou'd not permit him to go through The several Counties of his Diocese But to express his Willingness and Readiness to Confirm such as wanted Confirmation his Lordship publish'd an Advertisement at the end of his Articles of Inquiry upon which many Persons of good Quality came to Buckden and receiv'd Confirmation from him in the Chapel of his Palace How diligent he was constantly to perform all other Duties of his Episcopal Function none are ignorant who at any convenient time waited on his Lordship about Matters Ecclesiastical And as his Lordship 's repeated wishes were that the Diocese of Lincoln might be bless'd hereafter more duly with the Solemn Rite of Confirmation so it was my Duty to attend whilst Your Lordship perform'd the Sacred Office for many Days together in Your Cathedral Church at Lincoln and elsewhere within some Peculiars belonging to that Magnificent Church particularly at Banbury where near a thousand Persons receiv'd Confirmation the 25th and 26th of September last some 80 Years of Age and scarce any under 12 for which Blessing that Ancient Corporation owns it self for ever oblig'd to Your Lordship May Your Lordship's Exemplary Life and Doctrine adorn the Faith and Practice of that Numerous and Learned Body of Men committed to Your Pastoral Care is the earnest of his Prayer who is MY LORD Your LORDSHIP 's most Obedient Servant WILLIAM OFFLEY Middleton Stony in the Diocese of Oxon Nov. 24. 1697. THE PREFACE I Shall not trouble the Reader with any long Apology for the Publication of the following Directions only I think it necessary to inform Him That had not this Method for the Study of Divinity been first printed and prefix'd to many other Papers which swell'd the Book to such a Price that few cared to buy it might the sooner have pass'd without Censure considering the Usefulness of such a Treatise wheresoever it shou'd be kindly receiv'd But being sensible withal that several Copies of this Method were dispers'd abroad and that many things already falsly printed did prejudice the Church of England and lessen the Author's Reputation I thought it my Duty to publish These Directions from the Original Manuscript which the late Mercenary Editors never saw without the long Train of Letters which are of no use but to expose the Secrets of a Private and Hasty Correspondence And since some angry Men are known to pass many unkind Reflections upon Bishop Barlow's Memory I leave the Bishop's own Words in a Letter which I have publish'd at the end of these Directions to vindicate himself from those unchristian Censures some at this day make use of that they may wound the Memory of A Great Father of the Church who has written many Learned Books in Defence of the Church of England against all that oppose it As for the first Letter which follows these Directions I found it written with Bishop Barlow's own Hand and as an Instance of its being proper to be included in his Directions to a Young Divine his Lordship left it fix'd to his Original MS. on that Subject The Second Letter sell into my Hands as I was making a Collection of some scatter'd Papers in my late Lord's Study and having communicated it to many Judicious Men they advis'd me not to conceal such Modest and Excellent Advice but to do the
Unknown Author the Justice of Printing of it And I question not but such as are studious to know how to make Choice of the most proper Books for the Study of Divinity will soon experience the great Usefulness of these following Directions which I have publish'd to prevent them for the future from being impos'd on by false Copies of this or any other of Bishop Barlow's Learned Works ADVERTISEMENT THere is lately Printed at the Theatre in Oxon a Catalogue of all Bishop Barlow's Original Manuscripts which are now in Queens College Library in Oxon and if any Person shall hereafter presume to Print or Publish any Part or Parcel of them he shall be prosecuted according to Law by Bishop Barlow's Trustees 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 De Studio Theologiae OR DIRECTIONS For the CHOICE of BOOKS IN THE STUDY of DIVINITY THeology or Divinity is a Science or Prudence containing our Knowledge of God and our Duty and that Divine Worship which is due to Him And there are but two Principles to know both 1. Lumen Naturae or the Principles of Natural Reason common to all Mankind and on these Theologia Naturalis is built 2. Lumen Scripturae or Divine Revelation on this Theologia Revelata seu Evangelica is sounded containing such further Knowledge of God and our Duty as we have beyond all that Natural Reason can tell us by Divine Revelation in Scripture 1. Theologia Naturalis we may call Morality and the Religion common to all Men as Men and Rational Creatures 2. Theologia Revelata we call Christianity and it is the Religion peculiar to Christians Now to be a Christian pre-supposes him to be a Man and Christianity does not exclude but pre-suppose Morality and is an addition to and perfection of it yet these two Morality and Christianity are as distinct as Natural Reason and Revelation which are their respective Measures and Principles 1. Theologia Naturalis being grounded on the Law of Nature or the Moral Law it will be convenient to know the Nature Extent and Obligation of that Law as also of all Laws in general to which end we may consult Grot. de Ju. Belli lib. 1. cap. 1. § 9. c. Pet. à Sancto Joseph Idaea Theol. Moralis lib. 1. de Legibus Aquinas 1. 2. Quaest. 90. c. Suarez de Legibus Azortus Instit. Moral part 3. lib. 1. cap. 1. And when there is necessity to see more all the Commentators on Aquinas and all Casuists where they speak of the Ten Commandments or Moral Law amongst others Filliucius Quaest. Mor. Tract 21. Besides those many Divines and Christians who have expresly written upon the Ten Commandments and all things enjoin'd or forbid in them there are many Authors of excellent Use and Authority to understand the Nature of Moral Habits and Actions good and bad as to omit others Arist. Eth. ad Nicom Andro. Rhodius paraphr ex Edit Heinsii Lugd. Batav 1617. in an Octavo The Greek Scholia in Arist. Eth. Hierocles in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pythag. so call'd because they contain Pythagoras's Doctrine for Philo Crotoniates was the Author of those Verses Johan Stobaei 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aurel. Allobrog 1609. highly commended by Suidas Many of this kind there are even amongst Pagan Writers who have described well the Nature and Kinds of Moral Virtues and Vices 2. Theologia Revelata of which the Sacred Scriptures are the sole Rule is to be understood by considering the Text it self and the true meaning of it For the Text of the Old Testament it will be convenient to have 1. Biblia Interlinearia Hebr. Lat. Antverp 1584. 2. Biblia Graeca Septu Interpr Paris 1628. 3. Biblia Latina Junii Tremel in Fol. or Quarto 4. Biblia Lat. Sixti Quinti Romae 1590. Bablia Lat. Clementis Octavi Romae 1592. Both Popes pretend to Infallibility and yet their Bibles contradict one another expresly and in terminis above an hundred times The Bibles of Clement the Eighth are many times Printed with a false Title-page and miscall'd Biblia Sixti Quinti as in an Edition at Antverp 1628. in Octavo and in an Edition at Antverp 1603. in Fol. and in another Edition Colon. Agrip. 1666. in 8 little Vol. The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Biblia Sacra Vulgatae Editionis Sixti Quinti Pont Max. recognita and yet by comparing it appears to be the Bible of Clement the Eighth For the Text of the New Testament there are many Editions but I conceive two only to be most useful 1. Novum Testamentum Gr. per Rob. Steph. Paris 1550. in Folio 't is the best for Character and Exactness and it furnishes us with an Account of all the ancient Sections and Divisions of the Testament call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Nov. Test. Gr. a Steph. Curcel Edit Amstelod 1658. in Octavo it has the Various Lections and Parallel Places more exactly than any other I have yet seen and yet Robert Steph. Edition has the Various Lections of 15 MSS. When occasion is to consult the Bible in more Languages and more Editions we have 1. Biblia Complutensia Complut 1515. in 3 Folio's 2. Biblia Regia Reg. Hisp. per Ar. Montanum Antverp 1569. 3. Biblia per Mich. Le Jai 7 Linguis and 10 Volumes printed at Paris 1645. 4. Biblia Polyglot Lond. 1657. by collating these we may see the difference and variety of Reading For the better understanding of these Languages and the Bible by them it will be convenient to have some Concordances and Lexicons We have many Concordances and some of great use 1. For the Hebrew and Chaldee words as many as are in the Bible Concordantiae Bibl. Hebr. per Joh. Buxtorf Basil. 1632. There are other but worse Editions 2. For the Hebrew and Greek of the Old Testam Conrad Kercheri Concord Vet. Test. Gr. Hebr. Vocibus respondentes Francof 1607. And it will be convenient to have his Book explaining the use of his Concordance De Concordantiarum Bibl. usu in 4º Whitberg 1622. 3. For the Greek of the New Testam Concordantiae Gr. Lat. N. Test. ab Hen. Steph. Edit Genevae 1624 there are former and worse Editions 4. For the Latin which are of some but much less use in the Study of Divinity Concordances we may consult Concord Bibl. Lat. ad Correctionem Rom. Edit Vulgat c. Francofurti 1620. there are former Editions but imperfect 5. We may consult Corn. Jansenii Commentar in suam Concordiam Evang. Mogunt 1612. an 8o. Concordiam Evangel per Theologum Parisiensem an 8º Printed at Paris 1660. Osiandri Elench Harmoniae Basil. 1561. Comment Ja. Fabri Stapul in Quatuor Evang ihi post Praefat. Canones seu Concord Evang. 6. Nov. Test. Gr. per Steph. Lutetiae 1550. Caenones Evang. ab Ammonio conditos ab Eusebio absolutos 7. We may consult eosdem Canones apud Hieronymum per M. Victorium Tom. 6. in initio Dan
of the School-men are Lombard and Aquinas 1. For Lombard the Master of the Sentences as they call him Bishop of Paris he flourish'd about the Year 1145. as Bellarmine if he says true informs us It will be convenient to have 1. His four Books of Sentences either Editionis Lovarii 1568. in Quarto or which is much better Edit Moguntiae 1632. in 8o. Edidit Ant. Demochares Dr. Sorbon sub finem annexi sunt Articuli erronei in quibus Magister non tenetur partim Parisiis olim damnati partim communiter non probati 2. Lambertus Danaeus in 1 m Librum Sententiarum in 8o. Genevae 1589. He has 1. Prolegomena quibus Scholasticae Theologiae Origo Progressus Aetates ostenduntur 2. Commentarius Triplex 3. Elenchus Locorum Scripturae Patrum quos addendo detrahendo vel mutando corrupit Lombardus 4. In calce Synopsis sanae veteris Doctrinae de Trinitate 3. Joh. Martinez de Ripalda in lib. 4. Lombardi He 1. gives a short Analysis of each Distinction 2. A List of the Questions the Schoolmen handle on those Distinctions 3. Under every Question he cites the Schoolmen who and where they handle such Questions and so refers the Reader to the chief Authors who handle each Question 4. Durandus and Ariminensis amongst the more ancient Schoolmen Ockam Scotus Ant. 1620. Ockam is damn'd in Indice Expurg Alexand. Papae VII Romae 1667. And therefore we may be sure 't is some great Truth he is guilty of For later Commentators on the Sentences you may consult Gabriel Biel and Estius especially Estius By comparing the Ancient and Modern Schoolmen you may see that Popery does proficere in pejus for the Old speak many things more freely which since Luther and the Trent Conventicle pass for little better than Heresie at Rome For Aquinas's Summes it will be convenient to have 1. His Summes Col. Agrip. 1562. 2. Bannes Vasques Suarez c. or Cajetan who is the most moderate and comes nearer Truth and Us and such others for there are many and Catalogues of them may be consulted Aquinas's Summes are the most considerable of his Works and the impious Picture before them tells us it had the express Approbation of our Blessed Saviour Bene scripsisti de me Thoma Concerning Schoolmen and their Theologia Scholastica we may further consider 1. That our Reformed Writers observe three Intervals of time which they call Theologiae Scholasticae Aetates 1. Scholasticorum Theologiae Scholasticae aetas prima seu vetus incepit Anno 1020. Lanfranco Papiensi Scholasticorum istius aetatis Principe duravit ad An. 1220. In this Interval Lanfranc and his followers undertook the Justification of Rome and all her Errors and Superstitions particularly Transubstantiation which then began to be hatch'd and was fully defin'd in the Lateran Council 1st To effect this they equal the Fathers to Scripture finding something in them but nothing in this for their purpose 2ly They make much use of Aristotle's Philosophy Aristotelem in Sacrae Theologiae Templi Sacrarii limen introducunt 3ly Decretal Constitutions of Popes and all the receiv'd Doctrines and Rites of Rome were Authentick with them and whatever seem'd to contradict them was deny'd or constru'd to a complying Sense 2. Scholastica Media ab Alberto Magno ejus Principe an 1220. ad Durandum an 1330. In hoc Intervallo Aristoteles in ipsa adyto Sacrarii Theologiae introductus Script a ejus demonstratione miti censentur quae autem Verbum Dei docet credulitate opinione probabili teneri quod etiam expresse publice fatentur asserunt eorum Doctissimi hac aetate Quaestiones curiosas impias Blasphemas temere proponunt Scholastici impie discutiunt ex principiis Philosophiae Peripateticae potius quam Scripturae statuunt definiuntque 3. Scholastica tertia ultima pessima ab an 1330. ad an 1517. Haec Aetas says my Author longe impudentissima nam quae modestia in veteri media Scholastica adhuc manserat ne temere de quibusdam Ritibus Quaestionibus adhuc dubiis affirmaretur ista aetate periit Utrum Papa sit simplex Homo an quasi Deus an participet utramque naturam cum Christo an potestas ejus sit supra Concilium an Mariae Conceptio erat immaculata An Calix sit Laicis negandus Haec similia sub deliberatione quâdam positâ quaesivit Scholastica prior sed haec ultima decrevit If you desire a fuller Account of the Schoolmen and their Theologia Scholastica of the Original and Progress of it and the Approbation and Incouragement Rome gave it the main Business and Endeavours of the Schoolmen being to aggrandize and maintain the Pope's Power and all the receiv'd Doctrines and Rites of that Church how Erroneous and Superstitious soever these Authors may be consulted 1. Hospinian Historiae Sacramentariae Tom. 1. lib. 4. cap. 9. p. 401 c. 2. Lamb. Danaeus in Prolegom ad lib. Senten Lombardi 1. cap. 1. 2 c. fusi 9. 3. Sixt. Senensis Bibliot hec Sanctae lib. 3. pag. 216. Edit Col. Agrip. 1626. 4. Possevin Bibliothec. Selectae lib. 3. c. 1 2 c. The two first give a true Account of the Iniquity and Ignorance of those Times of the Corruption of Divinity Introduction of Errors and Superstitions and the Schoolmen's industrious and impious Endeavours to vindicate and establish what the Pope and his Adherents had as impiously introduced The two last Senensis and Possevine being concern'd and engag'd in the same cause the Schoolmen were mince the Matter and conceal the Truth and tell a confused Tale of the Original of School-Divinity and at last highly commend it and its Authors even for their Learning which all know they were never guilty of and excuse their bad Latin and Barbarisms with a piece of Scripture miserably misapply'd transferring that of St. Paul to Peter Lombard and his Followers But others and more sober Papists are of another Opinion and candidly confess that Truth which Protestants affirm and know I shall name one or two and 1. Joh. Tritthemius Abbas Spanheimensis speaking of the time of the Emperor Conrad Tertius 1140 tells us Ab hoc tempore Philosophia saecularis Sacram Theologiam suâ curiositate inutili foedare cepit c. Tritthemius writ and finish'd that Work an Christi 1494. Joh. Aventinus no Papist yet he is commended by Learned Papists and Conradus Adelmannus Canonici August 2. Quod legem Historiae veritatem scilicet religiose in scribendo observavit I say Aventine speaking of Pet. Lombard who was made Bishop of Paris 1159. writes thus Eâ tempestate Petrus Longobardus Lut. Parisiorum creatur Pontifex is quidem Theologumenωn 4. Lib. scripsit sed Sacrosanct Philosophiae veritatem Fontemque purissimum sicuti plus millies à Jacobo Fabro Jodoco Chichtoveo Proeceptoribus meis and they not Lutherans or Calvinists
Blasphemous piece of Poetry Papa stupor Mundi Qui maxima rerum nec Deus es nec Homo quasi neuter es inter utrumque Vide Glossam verb. Papa in Prooemio Clementinarum a Sixtus Senensis Bibli Sanctae Lib. 3. p. 217. b 1 Cor. 11. 6. Tho' I am made rude in Speech yet not in Knowledge a Tritthemius de Scriptor Ecclesiast in Pet. Dialectico seu Abelardo pag. 161. Edit Col. 1546. b Joh. Andr. Quenstedt Dialog de Patrum Illustrium Doctrina Script Virorum Joh. Avent Anal. Boiorum Lib. 6. pag. 392. Edit Basil 1580. and again 1615. Casuists Protestants Casuists Popish Casuists a Vid. Lud. Montalii Literas Provinc de Morali Politicâ Jesuitarum Disciplinâ Col. 1665. in 8o. b Vid. The Jesuits Morals collected by a Doctor of Sorbon Lond. 1670. in Folio c In 4 or 5 Vol. in 8o. Not and. that there is Decretum conditum in Congregatione Generali Romanae universalis Inquisitionis c. Dat. Romae 1. Augusti 1641. in quo omnia edita edenda tà m contra quà m pro Jansenio prohibentur ne quis leg at retineat c. And yet ever since they write read and maintain such Books amongst them Summists †Extat hoc Decretum Gr. Lat. apud Binium Concil Tom. 8. pag. 851. Edit Paris 1636. Writers of the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church * A Martyr for our Church a Vid. Stat 5. 6. Edv VI. cap. 1. b Stat. 1. Mariae Sess. 2. cap. 2. c Vid. Stat. 1. Eliz. cap. 2. d Vid. MS. de Excommunicatione Cancellario missum An. 166. e M. Parker Antiq. Britan. in Gul. Chichley pag. 285. f It a Linwood in Praefatione g Vid. Glossam ad Constitutio finaliter verbo remotas p. 161. Col. 3. Edit Paris 1505. de Haereticis lib. 5. a In Glossa §. Et quia verbo asserunt locato conducto b Vide M. Parisiensem ad An. 1237. in Hen. 3. pag. 446 447. c Vide Stat. 28. Hen. 8. cap. 19. § ult which is confirm'd 1. Eliz. cap. 1. Vide etiam 27. Hen. 8. cap. 15. 35. Hen. 8. cap. 16. a Buceri Scripta Anglicana praecipuè Basil. 1577. vel Argentorati He was Regius Professor of Theology at Cambridge b He was Regius Professor at Oxon. How to know the Errors and Opinions of the Enemies of our Church * And so in all those Councils they call Oecumenical and approve tho' we do not as the Second Nicene Council and about 13 more which came after it whatever Errors be in any of these they do and must own for seeing they do approve those Councils they must approve their Positions and Decrees We have a Catalogue of what Councils General and Provincial the Church of Rome acknowledges prefix'd to the Corpus Juris Canonici Paris 1618. Fol. and to the last Edition of that Law Lugd. 1661. in Quarto †Vid. Indicem Prohib jussu Alexandri VII Romae 1664. Edit pag. 19. verbo Magnum Bullarium Deeretum Inquisitorum ibid. pag. 371. * Possevine in Apparatu Sacro verbo Rossarium mihi pag. 357. Writers of Controversies Epitomizers of Controversies Interpreters of the more difficult Texts of S. Scripture For the Socinian Controversie * Idem Keslerus habet Logicae Metaphysicae Socinianae Examen †Vide sis hac de re Joach Stegman de Judice norma Fidei Controversiarum Libros duos Eleutheropoli An. 1644. * Id est Socino Canon Law Law Lexicons For the Greek For the Latin Civil Law Lexicons to explain the Terms of the Civil Law For the Greek * Lib. 5. Degest Tit. 17. De Regulis Juris scripserunt De Indicâ—bus Expurgatoriis †Vide plures Pontificum Constitutiones de Libris Expurgandis in Bullario Cherubini in Indice Bullarii not at as verbo Index verbo Libri prohibiti * Vide concil Trident. Ant verp 1633. 8o. in calce post Indicem And in the Edition by Labbe Paris 1667. pag. 230 231. †Si Episcopus Presbyter aut Diaconus Chartam falsaverit aut falsum Testimonium dixerit deponatur in Monasterium detrudatur quam diù vixerit Laicam tantummodo Communionem accipiat Concilium Agathense Agathae in Gallia Narbonensi celebratur 506. Can. 50. * Some of these Decrees are extant in a Book with this Title Librorum post Indicem Clementis VIII prohibitorum Decreta omnia hactenus Edita Romae 1624. 8o. It is bound up with the Index Librorum prohibitorum Romae 1596. in Octavo * Anno 1690. Now the Bishop's Library is in Bodley's and Queens Colledge Librarys in Oxon to which He gave all His Books by Will in the Year 1691. valued at 3000 Pounds