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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
book_n bishop_n king_n write_v 2,911 5 6.0485 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A34067 Friendly and seasonable advice to the Roman Catholicks of England by a charitable hand. Comber, Thomas, 1645-1699. 1677 (1677) Wing C5468; ESTC R1768 62,503 180

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do_v not_o entrench_v upon_o the_o king_n supremacy_n tell_v you_o that_o you_o need_v not_o obey_v the_o pope_n if_o he_o command_v you_o to_o fight_v against_o your_o king_n wherein_o they_o put_v a_o fallacy_n upon_o you_o for_o they_o know_v the_o pope_n can_v excommunicate_v and_o depose_v he_o even_o for_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n say_v your_o canonist_n papa_n and_o then_o he_o be_v no_o long_o your_o king_n they_o pretend_v further_o this_o supremacy_n over_o king_n in_o temporal_n be_v not_o the_o doctrine_n of_o your_o church_n but_o only_o of_o some_o jesuit_n upon_o who_o they_o lie_v all_o those_o foul_a doctrine_n of_o depose_v and_o murder_a king_n briton_n so_o wicked_o maintain_v by_o divers_a eminent_a writer_n of_o your_o church_n rege_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o delusion_n also_o for_o when_o or_o where_o do_v the_o pope_n or_o the_o head_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n condemn_v these_o opinion_n or_o suppress_v these_o seditious_a book_n nay_o on_o the_o 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peter_n '_o be_v inheritance_n 6._o and_o as_o s._n hierome_n observe_v they_o be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o the_o saint_n who_o possess_v their_o place_n but_o they_o which_o follow_v their_o work_n and_o that_o only_o say_v lactantius_n be_v the_o catholic_n church_n which_o retain_v the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n ult_n you_o may_v have_v see_v and_o hear_v in_o rome_n of_o old_a a_o bishop_n without_o a_o triple_a crown_n or_o the_o title_n of_o universal_a church_n without_o image_n priest_n under_o no_o vow_n of_o single_a life_n litany_n without_o any_o name_n of_o saint_n or_o ora_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la the_o mass_n celebrate_v in_o a_o know_a tongue_n bibles_n call_v divers_a book_n apocrypha_fw-la which_o be_v now_o reckon_v canonical_a scripture_n people_n not_o enslave_v by_o auricular_a confession_n not_o debar_v of_o the_o cup_n not_o fright_v with_o purgatory_n nor_o impoverish_v with_o purchase_v prayer_n and_o indulgence_n to_o save_v they_o from_o thence_o etc._n etc._n to_o conclude_v therefore_o why_o may_v you_o not_o just_o desert_v they_o who_o have_v in_o so_o many_o thing_n depart_v from_o the_o old_a religion_n teach_v by_o christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n believe_v by_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o receive_v by_o the_o first_o and_o best_a bishop_n of_o that_o same_o church_n if_o you_o desire_v to_o be_v real_o of_o the_o old_a religion_n nay_o if_o you_o will_v hold_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o primitive_a roman_a church_n you_o may_v come_v much_o near_o to_o it_o by_o embrace_v the_o religion_n of_o your_o own_o country_n than_o by_o retain_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o modern_a church_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v most_o of_o they_o mere_a innovation_n and_o though_o you_o have_v reverence_v they_o while_o you_o suppose_v they_o ancient_a and_o apostolical_a yet_o we_o hope_v you_o will_v now_o renounce_v they_o when_o they_o be_v evident_o discover_v to_o be_v gibeonite_n disguise_v on_o purpose_n to_o deceive_v and_o
master_n and_o the_o servant_n 13._o the_o same_o in_o all_o outward_a expression_n only_o differ_v in_o a_o nice_a school-distinction_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o affront_n to_o the_o king_n of_o saint_n if_o you_o have_v any_o tenderness_n or_o zeal_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o jesus_n it_o can_v but_o be_v offensive_a to_o you_o to_o observe_v how_o your_o legend_n tell_v of_o great_a miracle_n wrought_v by_o some_o of_o their_o fabulous_a saint_n than_o ever_o jesus_n wrought_v to_o hear_v one_o of_o your_o church_n say_v that_o christ_n do_v nothing_o which_o s._n francis_n do_v not_o do_v yea_o that_o he_o do_v more_o than_o christ_n himself_o 1149._o what_o be_v more_o injurious_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n than_o your_o s._n bonaventure_n put_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n into_o david_n psalm_n instead_o of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o have_v she_o adore_v by_o the_o heathenish_a title_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n olympiae_fw-la and_o invocate_v by_o the_o impious_a name_n of_o mother_n of_o the_o whole_a trinity_n 237._o these_o thing_n be_v rather_o blasphemy_n than_o devotion_n and_o as_o dishonourable_a to_o god_n as_o they_o be_v dissonant_n from_o antiquity_n let_v none_o say_v epiphanius_n adore_v mary_n but_o why_o do_v i_o mention_v a_o woman_n nay_o not_o any_o man_n this_o reverence_n be_v due_a only_a to_o god_n nor_o be_v the_o angel_n capable_a of_o such_o glorification_n 79._o five_o the_o suppose_v a_o necessity_n of_o superad_v the_o saint_n merit_n and_o the_o daily_a sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n to_o the_o merit_n of_o that_o one_o offer_v for_o sin_n which_o jesus_n make_v on_o the_o cross_n heb._n ix_o 28._o be_v a_o evident_a lessen_v the_o value_n and_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n sixthly_a the_o call_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n a_o nose_n of_o wax_n a_o leaden_a rule_n and_o a_o inky_a gospel_n 3._o the_o put_n in_o the_o apocryphal_a book_n 2._o wherein_o be_v some_o thing_n wicked_a 42._o 99_o and_o other_o notorious_o false_a 20._o into_o a_o equal_a rank_n with_o the_o word_n of_o god_n indict_v by_o the_o spirit_n 40._o own_o tradition_n to_o be_v equal_a in_o value_n to_o it_o 4._o be_v palpable_a dishonour_n to_o god_n who_o write_v the_o holy_a scripture_n these_o thing_n my_o friend_n can_v hardly_o be_v reckon_v matter_n tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n unless_o you_o can_v suppose_v the_o cancel_v his_o law_n disparage_v his_o nature_n undervalue_v the_o merit_n the_o mercy_n and_o the_o miracle_n of_o jesus_n by_o cheap_a and_o odious_a comparison_n the_o diminution_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o make_v he_o sharer_n with_o his_o servant_n therein_o and_o the_o vilify_n of_o his_o divine_a word_n be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o he_o you_o pretend_v to_o serve_v second_o let_v we_o examine_v whether_o these_o doctrine_n do_v assist_v you_o in_o the_o devout_a worship_v of_o god_n it_o be_v very_o suspicious_a that_o church_n do_v not_o teach_v a_o right_a way_n of_o serve_v god_n which_o deceive_v you_o in_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o religion_n viz._n that_o god_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v a_o sentence_n so_o odious_a to_o the_o roman_a doctor_n that_o the_o index_n expurgatorius_fw-la blot_v it_o out_o of_o the_o indices_fw-la of_o s._n athanasius_n and_o s._n augustine_n work_n 52._o and_o if_o they_o can_v do_v it_o undiscovered_a they_o will_v blot_v it_o out_o of_o the_o bible_n also_o matth._n 56._o four_o 10._o but_o there_o it_o shall_v stand_v for_o ever_o to_o reprove_v those_o who_o divide_v religious_a worship_n between_o god_n and_o his_o creature_n thereby_o diminish_v that_o devotion_n which_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o divine_a majesty_n since_o affection_n be_v most_o vigorous_a when_o place_v upon_o one_o object_n and_o if_o they_o be_v disperse_v among_o many_o grow_v weak_a and_o trifle_a whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v the_o protestant_n who_o worship_v none_o but_o god_n be_v the_o great_a lover_n of_o he_o and_o worship_n with_o a_o more_o unite_a and_o servant_n devotion_n as_o for_o your_o public_a worship_n it_o be_v attend_v with_o so_o many_o ceremony_n as_o must_v needs_o disturb_v the_o devotion_n as_o well_o of_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o people_n there_o be_v such_o frequent_a bow_n cross_v prostration_n sprinkle_v with_o holy_a water_n beat_v the_o breast_n smoke_v with_o incense_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o mind_n be_v take_v off_o from_o a_o steady_a intention_n upon_o the_o inward_a and_o main_a part_n of_o the_o duty_n while_o it_o be_v entertain_v with_o such_o variety_n of_o outward_a rite_n for_o our_o mind_n say_v quintilian_n can_v sincere_o intend_v its_o whole_a self_n upon_o many_o thing_n at_o once_o whatever_o new_a object_n it_o look_v upon_o it_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o that_o which_o it_o first_o propound_v to_o itself_o and_o this_o be_v most_o evident_a where_o the_o object_n be_v so_o different_a as_o sensible_a and_o intellectual_a thing_n be_v for_o where_o the_o sense_n and_o their_o perception_n be_v vigorous_o employ_v there_o the_o intellectual_a power_n cease_v to_o act_v as_o a_o great_a philosopher_n observe_v 41._o so_o that_o it_o be_v your_o passion_n and_o your_o fancy_n that_o be_v wrought_v upon_o not_o your_o mind_n nor_o the_o high_a faculty_n of_o your_o soul_n by_o these_o numerous_a ceremony_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o you_o think_v devotion_n i_o doubt_n be_v but_o a_o fantastical_a and_o false_a fire_n not_o kindle_v by_o the_o love_n of_o god_n nor_o warm_v your_o noble_a power_n at_o all_o and_o those_o steady_a rational_a and_o spiritual_a desire_n which_o flow_v from_o a_o undisturbed_a contemplation_n of_o the_o divine_a goodness_n and_o be_v the_o very_a life_n of_o prayer_n i_o fear_v you_o be_v stranger_n to_o be_v so_o often_o take_v off_o and_o divert_v by_o variety_n of_o sensible_a representation_n again_o the_o make_v all_o your_o public_a prayer_n in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n destroy_v all_o true_a devotion_n in_o the_o people_n s._n clemens_n of_o alex._n tell_v we_o of_o some_o heathen_n who_o think_v those_o prayer_n most_o effectual_a which_o be_v utter_v in_o a_o barbarous_a language_n 1._o but_o christian_n know_v that_o prayer_n be_v the_o desire_v something_o of_o god_n and_o if_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o exercise_v in_o this_o desire_n it_o avail_v nothing_o but_o where_o the_o word_n be_v not_o understand_v the_o mind_n can_v desire_v the_o thing_n mention_v so_o that_o none_o can_v proper_o pray_v in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o rational_o say_v amen_n 1_o cor._n fourteen_o 16._o by_o this_o absurd_a practice_n therefore_o you_o who_o be_v unlearned_a spend_v the_o time_n of_o the_o public_a office_n in_o admire_v and_o gaze_v not_o in_o join_v with_o the_o priest_n or_o pray_v and_o because_o the_o people_n have_v no_o employment_n while_o the_o mass_n last_v they_o spend_v the_o whole_a time_n usual_o in_o talk_v and_o laugh_v private_o as_o those_o who_o travel_v in_o catholic_n country_n do_v inform_v we_o 10._o and_o it_o may_v occasion_v your_o wonder_n why_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v so_o obstinate_o refuse_v to_o reform_v so_o irrational_a a_o custom_n which_o s._n paul_n have_v write_v a_o whole_a chapter_n to_o condemn_v 1_o cor._n fourteen_o the_o force_n of_o who_o argument_n and_o authority_n have_v make_v your_o wise_a doctor_n declare_v against_o it_o by_o s._n paul_n '_o s_o doctrine_n say_v card._n cajetan_n it_o be_v better_a for_o the_o edify_n of_o the_o church_n that_o public_a prayer_n be_v make_v in_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n than_o in_o latin_a 17._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n lyra_n loc._n and_o your_o rhemish_a annotator_n say_v when_o a_o man_n pray_v in_o a_o strange_a tongue_n which_o himself_o understand_v not_o it_o be_v not_o so_o fruitful_a for_o instruction_n to_o he_o as_o if_o he_o know_v particular_o what_o he_o pray_v 14._o gabriel_n biel_n also_o give_v several_a reason_n why_o prayer_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o know_a tongue_n say_v it_o be_v better_a 1._o for_o stir_v up_o devotion_n 2._o for_o enlighten_v the_o mind_n 3._o for_o retain_v the_o thing_n in_o memory_n 4._o for_o keep_v the_o thought_n from_o wander_a 62._o yet_o your_o admire_a church_n will_v oppose_v reason_n and_o scripture_n and_o deprive_v all_o the_o common_a people_n that_o be_v of_o her_o communion_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o devotion_n in_o her_o office_n rather_o than_o so_o far_o seem_v to_o confess_v a_o fault_n as_o to_o amend_v it_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v you_o lose_v the_o benefit_n of_o worship_v god_n than_o to_o reform_v the_o most_o unjust_a custom_n which_o she_o have_v once_o espouse_v but_o if_o you_o be_v wise_a if_o that_o church_n will_v not_o pray_v in_o such_o a_o language_n as_o you_o can_v
be_v never_o necessary_a they_o have_v other_o device_n to_o persuade_v you_o into_o a_o belief_n of_o come_v off_o well_o at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o life_n howsoever_o ill_o you_o have_v spend_v it_o the_o heretic_n in_o tertullia_n time_n say_v it_o be_v a_o meritorious_a thing_n to_o be_v of_o their_o party_n 41._o and_o you_o be_v tell_v it_o be_v a_o ready_a way_n of_o salvation_n to_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o if_o you_o can_v but_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n of_o that_o church_n and_o be_v absolve_v by_o one_o of_o their_o priest_n you_o scarce_o doubt_v of_o obtain_v heaven_n at_o last_o and_o if_o you_o have_v no_o good_a work_n of_o your_o own_o they_o persuade_v you_o the_o church_n can_v sell_v you_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o saint_n or_o if_o you_o shall_v drop_v into_o purgatory_n by_o the_o way_n the_o pain_n of_o that_o they_o say_v be_v not_o endless_a and_o if_o you_o give_v liberal_o on_o your_o deathbed_n or_o if_o any_o other_o afterward_o give_v for_o you_o to_o purchase_v so_o many_o mass_n and_o other_o prayer_n for_o your_o soul_n you_o will_v ere_o long_o be_v deliver_v from_o thence_o all_o which_o notorious_a delusion_n do_v miserable_o deceive_v poor_a man_n and_o most_o mischievous_o encourage_v they_o to_o put_v off_o their_o repentance_n and_o to_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v trouble_v with_o holiness_n in_o the_o way_n since_o they_o fancy_v they_o shall_v come_v off_o so_o easy_o in_o the_o end_n and_o alas_o they_o be_v as_o false_a as_o they_o be_v mischievous_a for_o the_o ancient_a father_n unanimous_o affirm_v no_o man_n estate_n can_v be_v alter_v after_o this_o life_n but_o as_o the_o last_o day_n of_o a_o man_n life_n find_v he_o so_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o world_n find_v he_o 80._o nor_o will_v any_o thing_n help_v thou_o say_v s._n augustine_n but_o what_o be_v do_v while_o thou_o be_v here_o 21._o out_o of_o innumerable_a such_o testimony_n that_o of_o s._n salvian_n may_v serve_v although_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v so_o pious_a a_o son_n who_o for_o alleviate_a his_o father_n punishment_n will_v desire_v to_o give_v all_o the_o good_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o it_o will_v do_v he_o no_o good_a for_o the_o piety_n of_o the_o son_n can_v do_v nothing_o to_o procure_v that_o rest_n to_o a_o man_n after_o death_n which_o his_o own_o impiety_n and_o infidelity_n have_v deny_v he_o 3._o final_o these_o and_o the_o like_a principle_n make_v so_o many_o infamous_a man_n and_o woman_n so_o many_o thief_n and_o murderer_n debauch_a and_o profane_a person_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n because_o the_o tenet_n thereof_o seem_v not_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o forsake_v their_o evil_a way_n but_o reconcile_v wickedness_n and_o salvation_n together_o so_o that_o this_o religion_n tend_v not_o to_o persuade_v man_n to_o holiness_n of_o life_n and_o therefore_o be_v no_o good_a religion_n i_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o person_n in_o that_o church_n who_o live_v better_a than_o these_o opinion_n engage_v they_o to_o do_v and_o do_v not_o draw_v those_o conclusion_n into_o their_o practice_n which_o natural_o follow_v from_o these_o principle_n but_o that_o be_v only_o a_o evidence_n of_o the_o excellent_a virtue_n of_o such_o person_n but_o no_o proof_n of_o the_o goodness_n of_o these_o doctrine_n and_o if_o these_o man_n be_v holy_a in_o a_o religion_n which_o give_v such_o encouragement_n to_o evil_n doubtless_o they_o will_v be_v more_o holy_a by_o far_o if_o they_o be_v teach_v better_a thing_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o as_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v too_o loose_a in_o matter_n pertain_v to_o god_n law_n so_o she_o be_v too_o strict_a in_o matter_n pertain_v to_o her_o own_o constitution_n like_o the_o old_a pharisees_n who_o tithe_v mint_n and_o annise_v and_o neglect_v the_o weighty_a matter_n of_o the_o law_n matth._n xxiii_o which_o be_v a_o great_a obstruction_n to_o real_a holiness_n when_o man_n place_v religion_n in_o ceremony_n and_o slight_a thing_n for_o while_o they_o be_v curious_a in_o these_o matter_n they_o neglect_v great_a and_o think_v by_o observe_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o church_n they_o compensate_a for_o pass_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n your_o own_o ordinary_a gloss_n say_v that_o be_v superstition_n when_o religion_n be_v place_v in_o observe_v the_o ordinance_n of_o man_n 2._o and_o if_o so_o than_o your_o wonderful_a strictness_n in_o cross_v bowing_n use_v holy_a water_n abstinence_n on_o certain_a day_n wear_v cross_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o you_o have_v place_v so_o much_o religion_n be_v no_o better_o than_o superstition_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o most_o roman_a catholic_n be_v more_o afraid_a to_o eat_v flesh_n on_o a_o fastingday_n than_o to_o curse_v or_o swear_v they_o will_v be_v drink_v on_o a_o holiday_n which_o god_n forbid_v but_o not_o work_v on_o it_o because_o the_o church_n forbid_v it_o many_o of_o they_o dare_v fornicate_v and_o debauch_v who_o dare_v not_o neglect_v confession_n nor_o read_v a_o book_n write_v by_o a_o suppose_a heretic_n and_o general_o they_o be_v punctual_a in_o cross_v sprinkle_v bow_v and_o observe_v all_o order_n of_o the_o church_n even_o such_o as_o live_v in_o the_o open_a breach_n of_o god_n commandment_n and_o yet_o fancy_v themselves_o more_o sure_o of_o heaven_n than_o the_o most_o pious_a and_o holy_a protestant_a thus_o this_o religion_n be_v too_o strict_a where_o god_n give_v we_o more_o liberty_n and_o too_o remiss_a where_o his_o holy_a law_n have_v bind_v we_o with_o eternal_a and_o indispensable_a bond_n and_o it_o be_v design_v to_o promote_v obedience_n to_o the_o roman_a church_n rather_o than_o inward_a holiness_n towards_o god_n the_o effect_n of_o all_o which_o consideration_n be_v this_o that_o whosoever_o sincere_o desire_v to_o glorify_v god_n and_o worship_n he_o with_o a_o rational_a devotion_n and_o whoever_o will_v imitate_v he_o by_o a_o holy_a life_n ought_v not_o to_o choose_v or_o retain_v such_o a_o religion_n who_o principle_n tend_v so_o evident_o to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n name_n the_o hindrance_n of_o true_a devotion_n and_o to_o the_o render_v a_o holy_a life_n unnecessary_a and_o as_o it_o be_v prove_v before_o that_o the_o appropriate_v article_n of_o the_o roman_a faith_n be_v not_o ancient_a nor_o induce_v for_o pious_a end_n nor_o propagate_v by_o honest_a mean_n so_o now_o it_o be_v evidence_v the_o article_n be_v not_o good_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o you_o shall_v not_o renounce_v they_o unless_o you_o retain_v they_o in_o mere_a reverence_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o do_v impose_v they_o which_o matter_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o our_o last_o inquiry_n section_n v._n whether_o the_o roman_a bishop_n have_v sufficient_a authority_n to_o impose_v the_o say_a opinion_n upon_o all_o christian_a church_n the_o last_o and_o almost_o the_o only_a shelter_n that_o your_o doctor_n fly_v to_o at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o your_o principle_n be_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o sole_a vicar_n of_o christ_n the_o infallible_a and_o only_a judge_n of_o controversy_n and_o the_o supreme_a head_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n and_o hereby_o their_o adherent_n be_v awe_v into_o the_o retain_v all_o his_o decree_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o they_o be_v but_o let_v i_o beg_v leave_n to_o advise_v you_o not_o to_o lay_v so_o much_o stress_n upon_o these_o title_n and_o authority_n till_o you_o have_v serious_o examine_v by_o what_o right_a the_o pope_n lay_v claim_v to_o they_o for_o his_o power_n have_v need_n be_v very_o great_a and_o his_o proof_n very_o good_a upon_o the_o credit_n whereof_o you_o receive_v so_o many_o new_a and_o suspicious_a article_n of_o religion_n some_o of_o which_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o receive_v though_o preach_v by_o a_o angel_n gal._n 1._o 8_o 9_o and_o first_o though_o we_o stand_v not_o much_o upon_o title_n you_o may_v note_v that_o the_o name_n of_o vicar_n of_o christ_n be_v never_o give_v to_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o first_o age_n and_o when_o this_o title_n come_v into_o use_n it_o be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n but_o other_o bishop_n and_o priest_n be_v style_v vicar_n of_o christ_n also_o even_o by_o a_o pope_n of_o rome_n 3._o as_o also_o by_o the_o old_a french_a emperor_n 163._o and_o by_o our_o own_o saxon_a law_n 440._o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o the_o roman_a bishop_n to_o challenge_v any_o propriety_n in_o this_o title_n or_o any_o special_a privilege_n by_o virtue_n thereof_o second_o as_o to_o his_o be_v a_o infallible_a judge_n and_o the_o supreme_a head_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n throughout_o the_o world_n you_o may_v remember_v