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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A24128	The true history of the Jacobites of Egypt, Lybia, Nubia, &c. their origine, religion, ceremonies, laws, and customs, whereby you may see how they differ from the Jacobites of Great Britain / translated by a person of quality from the Latin of Josephus Abudernus ...; Historia Jacobitarum seu Coptorum in Aegypto, Lybia, Nubia, Aethiopia tota, & parte Cypri insulae habitantium. English	Abudacnus, Josephus.; Sadleir, Edwin, Sir, d. 1719.	1692 (1692)	Wing A157; ESTC R7172	21,679	45

if any Jacobite having forsaken his Religion does embrace that of the Greeks Papists or Armenians then he may and even ought to call him to an account but if he be turned Mahometan then he cannot for they are Masters and it is not lawful for Christians to contend with those whom they serve but if he lives in those Countries which are not subject to the Turk as in Aethiopia he may call him and require a reason why he did forsake his Religion nay indeed pronounce an Anathema against him but this is rarely done in these times the Patriarch fearing least he that is so used should turn Mahometan amongst whom there is no Salvation the Mahometan not caring to be saved by or in Christ And this only Power he now possesses for he is not secure as to the things belonging unto the Church such as Tythes First-fruits Marriage-fees or Alms which are given by Christians at or near their Death-beds or those things used to be given by such as receive the Sacraments of Ordination and Confirmation c. for concerning these things he can move no Controversie with the Subject For whether he can give or not give perform or not perform what is appointed it is the same thing he must wait upon his charitable disposition and kindness and so much for the Spiritual Government of those who are under the Dominion and Empire of the Turk CHAP. IV. Of the Election of the Patriarch Archbishops c. WHen the Patriarch who held the Keys in Spiritual Matters is dead and buried the Canons of the Church do publickly exhort every one to pray to God that he would please to assist each one with his Holy Spirit that a new Governour of the Church may be chosen which may be acceptable to his Divine Majesty and to Men and presently Convoke by their Letters the Arch Bishops and Bishops who as soon as they are come together into the Cathedral Church choose one of the ancientest Monks of the Hermites who seems to be a truly Penitent and to have strictly exercis'd Fasting and Continency and all other Vertues belonging to the Mortification of the Flesh But when any one is chosen they do not declare who it is for as soon as any of them knows he is chosen to that Dignity he flies and does not willingly accept but they take and lead him by force into the Town and intreat him with many supplications that he would vouchsafe to be Pastor of their Church since he was chosen by the Arch Bishops and Bishops conducted by the Holy Ghost He opposes with many Words and Tears professing himself insufficient for so great a Charge but at last overcome as it were by their importunity he accepteth Then he is brought to the Bacha or Vice-Roy for that time in Aegypt by whom he is constituted Patriarch of the Jacobites and from whom he receives a Grant of his first Petition which is That he may Govern the Church according to the Institutions of their Ancestors And so much for the Election of the Patriarch let us now speak of the Bishops They are chosen almost in the same way as the Patriarchs for they are taken by force and conducted to the Patriarch who admonishes them not to wave any longer so sacred a Function but to submit themselves to it remembring that they are both Elected and Called by the Holy Ghost who can render facile to them what they think hard and difficult to whom as soon as consenting to take on them the Office is given either by the Patriarch or the Bacha after the same manner a Faculty that it may not be lawful for any Person under their Charge to disobey or contend in any thing As to the Election of the Arch-Bishop the Patriarch together with the Canons assemble in the Church and having chosen him he receives Authentick Letters from the Patriarch and Vice-Roy or Bacha and such a Power as is usually given to an Arch-Bishop and so after his Consecration is sent into the Province which is allotted him The same way are chosen Prebendaries Priests and Superiours of Convents who all refuse at the first but at last overcome as it were by entreaty do accept Of which number none receive this Authority from the Turk nor his Confirmation but Abbots and Priors of Convents the others requiring not such a one because under either the Patriarch or some Bishop CHAP. V. Of the Consecration of the Patriarch Arch-Bishops and Bishops SInce it is not a daily but a rare thing to Consecrate a Patriarch we will in few words give some account of that Ceremony The Election of the Patriarch being made as we said before in the Cathedral Church and Notice being given to all People of the certain Day of his Consecration all the Citizens and Inhabitants of Memphis and many Strangers come flocking into the Church where the Consecration is to be solemniz'd and not only many Christians but many of the principal Turks and Mahometan's flock thither for as this Ceremony is seldom to be seen so when it is they husband the opportunity This then is the Order of Consecration At Midnight after Mass is begun and the Introit is over one of the Seven Bishops who begun it leaves all the rest and goes into the Sanctuary The Second goes on with the rest of the Mass to the Second the Third suceeds who also takes his turn as to the Celebration the Fourth to the Third and so to the Seventh who after he has sung the Preface gives over the rest of the Mass and goes with the other into the Sanctuary as we shall see in the next Chapter which is encompassed with seven steps and in which is in the middle an Altar where the Mass is celebrated upon which steps stand the seven Bishops upon every step one upright in his Pontifical Habit and Mitre at which time the Canons of the Church and other Ministers of the Sanctuary there assisting having on a Linnen Surplice and a Girdle of which we spoke in the third Chapter and a woollen Ephod on their Heads call the Patriarch and when he is come to the first Bishop who stands upon the first step he reads to him a certain Period of the pontifical-Pontifical-Book placed near his Head and encouraging him to hope that God will endue him with his Grace whereby he may Govern his Church after which he breathes in his mouth saying Receive the Holy Ghost which done he takes the Mitre from his Head and the same does the second third and fourth Bishop and so to the seventh on the seventh and last step and when he is come to the seventh step seven Canons of the Cathedral bring to him the Pontifical Habit each tendring him that part of the Garment which he is to put on the first a sort of Linnen which he wears about his Shoulders the second the Surplice the third the Girdle c. adding some special words appointed to each part of the Garment when he is

cloathed he sits upon the highest step and all the Bishops taking from him the Mitre he puts another upon his Head all the Bishops and Canons in the interim kissing his Hands and promising him Obedience Which done the Patriarch descends from the steps and begins to celebrate Mass and administer the Sacrament of the Eucharist to the Bishops Canons Arch-Deacons Deacons c. who are assisting in the Sanctuary Hitherto of the Consecration of the Patriarch as to the Arch-Bishop's there is nothing peculiar but what is described in the Pontifical Book and is performed by the Patriarch alone celebrating the Mass together with all the other Ministers who assist him then all the Bishops or three of them kneeling kiss the Hand of the Arch-Bishop who is set in a Chair on the Left-hand of the Patriarch and this is done before the Consecration of the Sacrifice of the Mass The same manner is observed in Consecrating a Bishop for he is consecrated by the Patriarch and nothing more is done to him but what belongs to the Arch-Bishop the Patriarch breathing upon him and saying receive the Holy Ghost Of the Consecration of Priests Deacons and Sub-Deacons IT is after the same manner with that of the Papists and Greeks of which we shall speak in few words when we come to treat of the Sacrament of Ordination CHAP. VI. Of the Form of the TEMPLE AS the Jacobites observe some Ceremonies which the Christians do not use so their Churches differ in some manner from those in Europe and other Countries having three partitions or Wings and three Sanctuaries in the first partition near the middle Sanctuary are all the Ecclesiasticks Nobles and Singers in the second the Common people and those which are poor and in the third the Women But in the Sanctuary viz. the middle only the Priests and their Ministers to wit Deacons Sub-Deacons c. it being not lawful for any of inferior Orders to enter into it the other two Sanctuaries are of each side where they generally use to do what belongs to the Ministery and these are used by the Jacobites on Palm-Sunday and the Feast of the Nativity of our Saviour Jesus Christ which we call Christmas the reason of which you will see in the Chapter following Besides these three platforms there are other particular places as the Vestry where the Priests and Ministers put on their Garments another where they put their Reliques and Images c. to which they are much addicted and a third where is the Font of Baptism c. and these places are all round the said Wings or partitions in the third wherein the Women are there is sometimes in the middle a Pool which on Twelf-day or Epiphany is filled every Year with Water of which in the next Chapter There are likewise in these three partitions Oratories which do serve for other Religions as Aethiopians Armenians Chaldaeans Graecians c. wherein on Holy-days they are wont to celebrate their Masses CHAP. VII Of Ecclesiastical Ceremonies THey have some particular Ceremonies quite different from other people which they boast to have received from their Ancestors and which they dote upon so much to this day that they think it unlawful to depart from them so much as a hair's breadth such are those observed on the LORD's Day and other Holy Feasts of Apostles and Martyrs On the Sabbath or Preparation before the Lord's Day or Eve of any Saint they come all together into the Church whither Men or Women with naked Feet and such as are able bring with them a Mantle or Covering with which they invellope themselves when they come to sleep that Night in the Church whose Floor for this purpose is covered with Matts or Carpets according to the Dignity of the place and when the Evening-prayers are ended all whether Clerks or Laymen sing together in the Choire the Orations and Psalms belonging to the Evening-Service which finished they go all into several places to sleep only the place where the Women are is shut up that Men be not amongst them But those that are near the Temple sleep in their Houses who being call'd by a Clerk an hour or two before day come and joyn with the rest who slept that Night in the Church and having girded themselves go with the Priests and other Ministers into the Choire where they begin Mattins or Morning-prayers after which they sing the Hymns and Canonical Hours as they call them viz. the first third and ninth Hours which Hours Morning and Evening contain forty eight psalms to be repeated by turns the Priest and the chiefest of the people singing every one a psalm in the Arabick Tongue besides the Lessons and Gospels which are first recited in the Coptic and then in the Arabick that all may understand the prayers are only read in the Coptic Which done the Priest with the Deacon and Sub-Deacon and Acolytes who serve always at Mass begins it and when they are all bowed down to the ground recites the Introit before the Door of the Sanctuary in the Coptic Language which performed he enters into the Sanctuary with the Ministers having all Censors in their hands and goes three times about the Altar and blesses it then comes the Clerk to the Door of the Sanctuary with the Host Wine and Water all which the Deacon receives in the Sanctuary with great modesty and lays them before the Priest who puts them all in order to be consecrated Then he begins some Oraisons and Hymns and the people sing with him and if there be any Story of a Saint belonging to the day the Priest reads it in the Coptic Tongue which done the Sub-Deacon begins the first Epistle taken out of the Old Testament also in the Coptic Language then another viz. Sub-Deacon reads two Epistles in Arabick one taken out of St. Paul and the other a general one and after he has recited some few Hymns and Oraisons he reads the Gospel appointed for the day Then the Priest solemnly begins the Preface in the Coptic and is fol'owed by the Choire that sings the rest and the Litany which the Priest alone repeats in the Sanctuary with a clear and audible Voice in the same Tongue and when the Preface is ended then he consecrates Bread and Wine the people attending to him with great Devotion which done the Priest takes first the Sacrament then the Deacon Sub-Deacon and the other Ministers and if there be any of the people present the Priest gives them of the same Host and the Deacon in a Spoon of Silver or Gold gives them of the Blood So that they all partake of one Host or consecrated Bread which weighs one pound at least But before the distribution the Priest holding of the Cup and the Deacon having the Host upon a plate they go out of the Sanctuary face to face that is mutually looking upon another so that he that goes foremost goes backwards like a Sea-crab so they go thro' the Choire and the

that are under the Turk's Dominion cannot take a Wife except they first have obtained permission of the Grand Seignour's Lieutenant This leave being granted they go both into the Cathedral House where they give their Names to be enrolled and having paid a certain Sum of Money to the Patriarch he appoints them the day when they are to be married At the Day appointed they come into the Church and having lighted up several Lamps and Candles in the second and third artition where the Women use to be they begin to sing in the first many Hymns and Prayers in the honour of the Bridegroom and give him several private Exhortations afterwards they conduct him into the third partition commanding him there to set with his Spouse then they sing some Lessons and the Gospel belonging to Matrimony and if the Bridegroom be a Deacon he sings himself the Gospel laid on the Pulpit in the second partition and first in the Coptic Tongue and then in the Arabic These Lessons are taken out of the Book of Genesis where it is spoken of Abraham and Sarah and out of the Apostle St. Paul and the Gospel out of St. John concerning the Marriage in Galelea Which done they lead the Bridegroom solemnly through the Church with many Lamps and Candles and singing many Hymns and Psalms But if the Bridegroom be rich they make several Fire-works wait upon him singing and playing on divers Instruments of Musick and spend so much sometimes in these things as amounteth to more than 3000 Crowns English As for the Dowry which they call the Bond of Matrimony the Husband is obliged to give his Wife according to the Ecclesiastical Canons five and twenty Crowns French Money but several of the Nobility observe not these Canons and thinking it a dishonour to give so little do often bestow some One some Five hundred and some a thousand Crowns The Spouse gives nothing to her Husband but has Cloaths Ornaments and sometimes a House When this Ceremony is ended they are both magnificently conducted into their House where they live in splendour many days and take their pleasure but the second Night after the Marriage the Husband according to the Custom goes into a secret room and the next day early in the Morning ought to shew them that are present the Sign of Virginity that is Sanguinem illum qui effluxit ex persractâ pelliculâ illâ called by all Physitians the Sign of Virginity or Hymen which effluction uses to appear on the Linnen and if it does not the Spouse suffers in her Reputation and if the Husband pleases to use his Right he may send her again to her Parents who shall be bound to pay all the Charges he has been at CHAP. XVI Of the Sacrament of Extream Unction THey very seldom use Extream Vnction or Auricular Confession or Eucharist for they keep none in the Church as do the Papists and Greeks it is given only to them who are in their last agony or dying and if there be present a Minister of the Church he exhorts the sick to be of good Courage and to hope for a more lasting and better Life but if no Minister be present he is encouraged by either his Parents or Relations and when he is gone out of this Life his Corps his brought into the Temple where the Priest reads some Prayers and Hymns used at Funerals which ended they bury him either in the Church or one of the other Platforms or Divisions then they pray at home forty days for the deceased and again at the end of six Months once and as much at the end of the Year Thus they do for their Gentry As for the poor or common people they pray once only after the third day as much after the fortieth and the same at the end of six Months and of the Year And then mention is made of the time of his death both at home and in the Church whilst the Priest reading some prayers incenseth and puts some Frankincense in the Sepulcher They also bestow many Alms upon the poor and Mass is also said for the Soul of the departed CHAP. XVII Of the Worship of Images and Reliques of Saints THey pay Religious Veneration to the Images of Saints and in this they surpass all Nations living under the Sun They have as we said in the Chapter of the Form of the Temple some particular places wherein they set their Images On Holy-days they light up Candles and Lamps before them and if any adversity at any time happens or imminent danger appear they apply themselves to them and with great devotion ask their assistance bowing down to the ground and beating their breasts with their fists and also shedding of many tears But they have nothing graven because they think that an Idol but only Images of Wood pictured according to the manner of the Greeks neither do they use any new Images as the Papists do but only those of the Virgin Mary and some Doctors of the Primitive Church as of Georgius Theodorus and also of Martyrs as Antonius Marcus and of Holy Fathers The Images of God the Father or of the Holy Ghost they have not but that of Christ and of the Virgin they have painted together in their private Houses which they do worship with great devotion CHAP. XVIII Of Monks and the Place of their Habitation THE Monks and those that the French generally call Religious amongst the Jacobites live much more strictly then those that live in Europe for they observe the ancient Orders of St. Anthony and Macarius which were the first amongst them and inhabit to this very day those places wherein they lived formerly as Thebais and Scytia which are parts of Aegypt They carefully abstain from all Victuals provoking sensuality they live all their Life time on Bread and Roots and such things excepting Easter and Christmas and then they eat on Eggs and Fish if they can get them any They never goe into any rich or fine Towns The Priors and Servants of the Monastery only go out and the last of these that they ma beg But if any through necessity which we commonly call the Soveraign Law is forced to go out he obtains leave first of his Abbot or Priour who grants him a certain limited time and if he return not within that time he is punished and forced to undergo a great penance They pass whole Nights and Days in Prayers and Spiritual Exercises except the Laics who serve not at the celebration of Mass but the Clerks of the Monastery ought to do their Office They go not in silken or delicate Apparel but in very poor and course for none of them change their habit as long as they live and if it happens to be sometimes torn they cover it with pieces They wear a Shirt and upon it a Robe made of the coursest Wool and go barefoot in their Monastery tho' sometimes they wear shoes when they go out they wear also a Hood and a