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book_n best_a young_a youth_n 20 3 7.4161 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A61287 The history of philosophy, in eight parts by Thomas Stanley. Stanley, Thomas, 1625-1678. 1656 (1656) Wing S5238; ESTC R17292 629,655 827

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a_o pillar_n with_o the_o title_n of_o philosopher_n he_o desire_v they_o will_v add_v a_o cittiean_a laert._n zeno_n as_o hecaton_n and_o apollonius_n tyrius_n relate_v inquire_v of_o the_o oracle_n what_o course_n he_o shall_v take_v to_o lead_v the_o best_a kind_n of_o life_n be_v answer_v that_o he_o shall_v converse_v with_o the_o dead_a whereupon_o he_o addict_v himself_o to_o the_o read_n of_o ancient_a author_n laert._n herein_o he_o be_v not_o a_o little_a further_v by_o his_o father_n who_o as_o demetrius_n say_v trade_v frequent_o to_o athens_n bring_v he_o as_o yet_o but_o very_o young_a many_o socratical_a book_n which_o excite_v in_o he_o a_o great_a affection_n to_o learning_n laert._n be_v now_o 17._o or_o as_o persaeus_n 22_o year_n old_a he_o take_v a_o voyage_n to_o athens_n carry_v thither_o as_o well_o by_o his_o particular_a inclination_n to_o philosophy_n as_o by_o his_o business_n which_o be_v to_o fell_v some_o purple_n that_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o phoenicia_n he_o take_v along_o with_o he_o a_o hundred_o talent_n and_o have_v sell_v his_o merchandise_n apply_v himself_o to_o philosophy_n yet_o continue_v to_o lend_v his_o money_n out_o to_o merchant_n upon_o interest_n so_o to_o improve_v his_o stock_n some_o affirm_v his_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o in_o the_o piraeum_n which_o news_n be_v bring_v he_o to_o athens_n he_o seem_v nothing_o at_o all_o move_v but_o only_o say_v thou_o do_v well_o fortune_n inimic_n to_o drive_v i_o into_o a_o gown_n or_o as_o seneca_n fortune_n command_v i_o to_o study_v philosophy_n more_o earnest_o laer._n other_o say_v that_o be_v trouble_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ship_n he_o go_v up_o to_o the_o city_n of_o athens_n and_o sit_v in_o a_o bookseller_n shop_n read_v a_o piece_n of_o xenophon_n commentary_n where_o with_o be_v much_o please_v he_o ask_v the_o bookseller_n where_o such_o
weak_a man_n both_o be_v dishonest_a but_o to_o do_v wrong_n be_v worse_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o dishonest_a it_o be_v as_o expedient_a that_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v punish_v as_o that_o a_o sick_a man_n shall_v be_v cure_v by_o a_o physician_n for_o all_o chastisement_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o medicine_n for_o a_o offend_a soul_n since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o virtue_n be_v conversant_a about_o passion_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o define_v passion_n passion_n be_v a_o irrational_a motion_n of_o the_o soul_n arise_v out_o of_o some_o good_a or_o ill_a it_o be_v call_v a_o irrational_a motion_n because_o neither_o judgement_n nor_o opinion_n be_v passion_n but_o motion_n of_o the_o irrational_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o in_o the_o irrational_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n there_o be_v motion_n which_o though_o they_o be_v do_v by_o we_o be_v yet_o nothing_o the_o more_o in_o our_o power_n they_o be_v often_o do_v therefore_o contrary_a to_o our_o inclination_n and_o will_n for_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o though_o we_o know_v thing_n to_o be_v neither_o please_v nor_o unpleasing_a expetible_a nor_o avoidable_a yet_o we_o be_v draw_v by_o they_o which_o can_v never_o be_v if_o such_o passion_n be_v the_o same_o with_o judgement_n for_o we_o reject_v judgement_n when_o we_o disapprove_v it_o whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o or_o otherwise_o in_o the_o definition_n be_v add_v arise_v from_o some_o good_a or_o some_o ill_n because_o of_o that_o which_o be_v mean_a or_o indifferent_a betwixt_o these_o no_o passion_n be_v ever_o excite_v in_o we_o all_o passion_n arise_v from_o that_o which_o seem_v good_a or_o ill_n if_o we_o see_v good_a present_a we_o rejoice_v if_o future_a we_o desire_v on_o the_o conrrary_a if_o ill_o be_v present_a we_o grieve_v if_o imminent_a we_o fear_v the_o simple_a affection_n and_o as_o it_o be_v element_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v two_o pleasure_n and_o grief_n the_o rest_n consist_v of_o these_o neither_o be_v fear_n and_o desire_v to_o be_v number_v among_o the_o principal_a passion_n for_o he_o who_o fear_v be_v not_o whole_o deprive_v of_o pleasure_n nor_o can_v a_o man_n live_v the_o least_o moment_n who_o despair_v to_o be_v free_v or_o ease_v of_o some_o ill_n but_o it_o be_v more_o conversant_a in_o grief_n and_o sorrow_n and_o therefore_o he_o who_o fear_v sorrow_v but_o he_o who_o desire_v like_o all_o those_o who_o desire_n or_o expect_v something_o be_v delight_v insomuch_o as_o he_o be_v not_o absolute_o confident_a and_o have_v not_o a_o firm_a hope_n he_o be_v grieve_v and_o if_o desire_v and_o fear_n be_v not_o principal_a passion_n it_o will_v doubtless_o follow_v that_o none_o of_o the_o other_o affection_n be_v simple_a as_o anger_n love_n emulation_n and_o the_o like_a for_o in_o these_o pleasure_n and_o grief_n be_v manifest_a as_o consist_v of_o they_o moreover_o of_o passion_n some_o be_v rough_a other_o mild_a the_o mild_a be_v those_o which_o be_v natural_o in_o man_n and_o if_o keep_v within_o their_o bound_n be_v necessary_a and_o proper_a to_o man_n if_o they_o exceed_v vicious_a such_o be_v pleasure_n grief_n anger_n pity_v modesty_n for_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n to_o delight_v in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n and_o to_o be_v grieve_v at_o their_o contrary_n anger_n be_v necessary_a to_o repel_v and_o punish_v a_o injury_n mercy_n agree_v with_o humanity_n modesty_n teach_v we_o to_o decline_v sordid_a thing_n other_o passion_n be_v rough_a and_o praeternatural_a arise_v from_o some_o deprave_a or_o perverse_a custom_n such_o be_v excessive_a laughter_n joy_n in_o the_o misfortune_n of_o other_o hatred_n of_o mankind_n these_o whether_o intense_a or_o remiss_a after_o what_o manner_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v always_o erroneous_a and_o admit_v not_o any_o laudable_a mediocrity_n as_o concern_v pleasure_n and_o grief_n plato_n write_v thus_o these_o passion_n be_v excite_v in_o we_o by_o nature_n grief_n and_o sorrow_n happen_v to_o those_o who_o be_v move_v contrary_a to_o nature_n pleasure_n to_o those_o who_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o proper_a constitution_n of_o their_o nature_n for_o he_o conceive_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n to_o consist_v in_o a_o mean_a betwixt_o pleasure_n and_o grief_n not_o move_v by_o either_o in_o which_o state_n we_o live_v long_a he_o assert_v several_a kind_n of_o pleasure_n whereof_o some_o relate_v to_o the_o body_n other_o to_o the_o soul_n again_o of_o pleasure_n some_o be_v mix_v with_o grief_n some_o be_v pure_a again_o some_o proceed_v from_o the_o remembrance_n of_o thing_n past_a other_o from_o hope_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v again_o some_o be_v dishonest_a as_o be_v intemperate_a and_o unjust_a other_o moderate_a and_o join_v with_o good_a as_o joy_v for_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o pleasure_n that_o follow_v virtue_n now_o because_o most_o pleasure_n be_v natural_o dishonest_a he_o think_v it_o not_o to_o be_v dispute_v whether_o pleasure_n can_v be_v simple_o and_o absolute_o a_o good_a that_o be_v to_o be_v account_v poor_a and_o of_o no_o value_n which_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o another_o and_o have_v not_o a_o principal_a primary_n essence_n for_o pleasure_n coher_v even_o with_o its_o contrary_a grief_n and_o be_v join_v with_o it_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o one_o be_v simple_o good_a the_o other_o simple_o ill_a chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n some_o be_v suppose_v only_o and_o conceive_v by_o abstract_n from_o the_o rest_n these_o he_o deliver_v in_o his_o book_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n wherein_o he_o describe_v the_o first_o concordant_a the_o second_o discordant_a inquire_v which_o of_o these_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v constitute_v he_o also_o divide_v a_o commonwealth_n like_o the_o soul_n into_o three_o part_n keeper_n defender_n and_o artisicer_n the_o office_n of_o the_o first_o be_v to_o counsel_n to_o advise_v to_o command_v of_o the_o second_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n upon_o occasion_n by_o arm_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o irascible_a power_n to_o the_o last_o belong_v art_n and_o other_o service_n he_o will_v have_v prince_n to_o be_v philosopher_n and_o to_o contemplate_v the_o first_o good_a affirm_v that_o so_o only_o they_o shall_v govern_v right_o for_o mankind_n can_v never_o be_v free_v from_o ill_a unless_o either_o philosopher_n govern_v or_o they_o who_o govern_v be_v inspire_v with_o philosophy_n after_o a_o divine_a manner_n a_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o govern_v best_a and_o according_a to_o justice_n when_o each_o part_n of_o the_o city_n perform_v its_o proper_a office_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n give_v law_n to_o the_o people_n the_o defender_n obey_v they_o and_o sight_n for_o they_o the_o rest_n willing_o submit_v to_o their_o superior_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n he_o assert_v five_o kind_n the_o first_o aristocracy_n when_o the_o best_a rule_n the_o second_o timocracy_n when_o the_o ambitious_a the_o three_o democracy_n when_o the_o people_n the_o four_o oligarchy_n when_o a_o few_o the_o last_o tyranny_n which_o be_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o he_o describe_v likewise_o other_o suppose_a form_n of_o commonwealth_n as_o that_o in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n and_o that_o which_o reform_v other_o in_o his_o epistle_n which_o he_o use_v for_o those_o city_n that_o in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n he_o say_v be_v sick_a these_o have_v a_o distinct_a place_n and_o select_a man_n out_o of_o every_o age_n as_o according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o place_n they_o require_v different_a institution_n education_n and_o arm_n the_o maritime_a people_n be_v to_o study_v navigation_n and_o sea-sight_n the_o island_n fight_v on_o foot_n those_o in_o mountainous_a country_n to_o use_v light_a armour_n those_o on_o the_o shore_n heavy_a some_o of_o these_o to_o exercise_v fight_v on_o horseback_n in_o this_o city_n he_o allow_v not_o a_o community_n of_o woman_n thus_o be_v politic_a a_o verve_n conversant_a both_o in_o action_n and_o contemplation_n the_o end_n whereof_o be_v to_o constitute_v a_o city_n good_a happy_a and_o convenient_a to_o itself_o it_o consider_v a_o great_a many_o thing_n among_o the_o rest_n whether_o war_n be_v to_o be_v wage_v or_o not_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o a_o sophist_n hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o philosopher_n from_o who_o a_o sophist_n differ_v in_o manner_n because_o he_o teach_v young_a man_n for_o gain_n and_o desire_v rather_o to_o seem_v then_o to_o be_v good_a in_o matter_n for_o a_o philosopher_n be_v conversant_a in_o those_o thing_n which_o always_o be_v and_o continual_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o a_o sophist_n in_o that_o which_o be_v not_o for_o which_o reason_n he_o seek_v darkness_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o
or_o in_o vicinity_n or_o contrariety_n which_o origine_fw-la we_o can_v pursue_v beyond_o similitude_n but_o this_o we_o can_v do_v always_o for_o there_o be_v innumerable_a word_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o ly●hid_v to_o the_o infancy_n or_o rather_o stock_n and_o seed_n of_o such_o word_n beyond_o which_o no_o origine_fw-la be_v to_o be_v seek_v neither_o if_o a_o man_n do_v inquire_v can_v he_o find_v any_o they_o proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o syllable_n in_o which_o five_o have_v the_o place_n of_o consonant_n as_o in_o these_o word_n venture_n vafer_fw-la velum_fw-la vinum_fw-la vomis_fw-la vulnus_fw-la have_v a_o thick_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o strong_a sound_n which_o the_o very_a custom_n of_o speak_v confirm_v when_o from_o some_o word_n we_o take_v they_o away_o lest_o they_o shall_v burden_v the_o ear_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o say_v amâsti_fw-la rather_o than_o amavisti_fw-la and_o abiit_fw-la not_o abi●it_n and_o innumerable_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n therefore_o when_o we_o say_v vis_fw-fr the_o sound_n of_o the_o word_n have_v as_o we_o say_v a_o kind_n of_o force_n suit_v with_o the_o thing_n which_o it_o signify_v now_o from_o this_o vicinity_n by_o that_o which_o they_o affect_v that_o be_v because_o they_o be_v violent_a vincula_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v name_v and_o viman_n quo_fw-la aliquid_fw-la vinciatur_fw-la thence_o vite_v because_o they_o clasp_v about_o those_o thing_n by_o which_o they_o grow_v hence_o also_o by_o similitude_n terence_n call_v a_o crooked_a old_a man_n vietum_fw-la hence_o the_o earth_n wear_v into_o wind_a path_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o passenger_n be_v call_v via_fw-la but_o if_o via_fw-la be_v so_o name_v quasi_fw-la vi_fw-la pedum_fw-la trita_fw-la the_o origine_fw-la return_n to_o the_o vicinity_n but_o let_v we_o suppose_v it_o derive_v from_o the_o similitude_n it_o have_v with_o vitis_fw-la or_o viman_n that_o be_v from_o its_o wind_a one_o ask_v i_o why_o it_o be_v call_v via_fw-la i_o answer_v from_o the_o wind_n and_o crookedness_n thereof_o which_o the_o ancients_n call_v vietum_fw-la thence_o the_o round_n of_o a_o wheel_n vieto_n he_o demand_v how_o vietum_fw-la come_v to_o signify_v wind_v i_o answer_v from_o the_o similitude_n of_o vitis_fw-la a_o vine_n he_o require_v whence_o vitis_fw-la be_v so_o name_v i_o say_v because_o it_o do_v vincere_fw-la those_o thing_n which_o it_o comprehend_v he_o question_n whence_o vincere_fw-la be_v derive_v we_o say_v à_fw-la vi_fw-la he_o ask_v whence_o vis_fw-fr we_o give_v this_o reason_n because_o the_o word_n in_o its_o robu_v and_o forcible_a sound_n agree_v to_o the_o thing_n which_o it_o signify_v he_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o demand_v 2._o in_o like_a manner_n in_o this_o word_n ego_fw-la as_o chrysippus_n observe_v in_o pronounce_v the_o first_o syllable_n we_o depress_v the_o under-lip_n as_o if_o it_o be_v to_o point_v to_o ourselves_o then_o by_o motion_n of_o the_o beard_n we_o point_v to_o our_o own_o breast_n of_o which_o 5._o nigidius_n have_v give_v more_o instance_n in_o his_o grammatical_a commentary_n the_o second_o question_n concern_v word_n be_v of_o their_o power_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o significant_a whence_o laert._n chrysippus_n divide_v dialectic_a into_o two_o part_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o significant_a and_o significats_n here_o they_o inquire_v how_o many_o way_n every_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v and_o how_o many_o way_n a_o thing_n say_v may_v signify_v here_o be_v examine_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o word_n laert._n ambiguity_n or_o amphiboly_n be_v a_o word_n signify_v two_o or_o more_o thing_n natural_o and_o proper_o according_a to_o the_o language_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o many_o sense_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o same_o word_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o one_o way_n signify_v the_o pot_n fall_v thrice_o another_o way_n the_o she-minstrell_n fall_v 12._o every_o word_n according_a to_o chrysippus_n be_v by_o nature_n ambiguous_a for_o the_o same_o may_v be_v take_v two_o or_o more_o way_n dialect_n neither_o be_v that_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o purpose_n which_o hortensius_n calumniate_v in_o cicero_n thus_o they_o affirm_v that_o they_o hear_v ambiguity_n acute_o explain_v they_o clear_o the_o same_o person_n hold_v that_o every_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a how_o then_o can_v they_o explain_v the_o ambiguous_a by_o the_o ambiguous_a that_o be_v to_o bring_v a_o candle_n not_o light_v into_o the_o dark_a this_o be_v ingenious_o and_o subtle_o say_v but_o like_o that_o of_o scaevola_n to_o antonius_n you_o seem_v to_o the_o wise_a to_o speak_v acute_o to_o fool_n true_o for_o what_o else_o do_v hortensius_n in_o that_o place_n but_o by_o his_o ingenuity_n and_o facetiousnesse_n as_o a_o intoxicate_a cup_n bring_v darkness_n upon_o the_o unlearned_a for_o when_o they_o say_v every_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a it_o be_v understand_v of_o single_a word_n ambiguity_n be_v explain_v by_o disputation_n no_o man_n dispute_v by_o single_a word_n none_o therefore_o explain_v ambiguous_a word_n by_o ambiguous_a word_n and_o yet_o see_v that_o every_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a no_o man_n can_v explain_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o word_n except_o by_o word_n but_o those_o conjoin_v and_o not_o ambiguous_a as_o when_o we_o say_v every_o soldier_n have_v two_o foot_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o a_o whole_a regiment_n of_o soldier_n that_o have_v two_o foot_n shall_v have_v in_o all_o but_o two_o foot_n so_o when_o i_o say_v every_o word_n be_v ambiguous_a i_o do_v not_o say_v a_o sentence_n nor_o a_o disputation_n although_o they_o be_v weave_v of_o word_n every_o ambiguous_a word_n therefore_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o inambiguous_a disputation_n the_o three_o question_n be_v concern_v declination_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 25._o some_o follow_v analogy_n other_o anomaly_n analogy_n be_v a_o like_a declination_n of_o like_a in_o latin_a proportio_fw-la anomaly_n be_v a_o inequality_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o declination_n lat_fw-la chrysippus_n write_v six_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d show_v that_o like_a thing_n be_v note_v with_o unlike_a word_n and_o unlike_a thing_n with_o like_a word_n the_o last_o question_n be_v concern_v ordination_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d verb._n upon_o this_o subject_n chrysippus_n write_v two_o book_n laertius_n reckon_v more_o who_o scope_n be_v not_o rhetorical_a but_o dialectic_a as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o the_o reader_n of_o the_o syntax_n of_o axiom_n of_o true_a and_o false_a axiom_n of_o possible_a and_o impossible_a of_o contingent_a and_o transient_a and_o ambiguous_a and_o the_o like_a which_o confer_v nothing_o to_o single_a speech_n or_o pleasure_n or_o grace_n to_o elocution_n laert._n there_o be_v five_o excellency_n of_o speech_n propriety_n perspicuity_n succinctnesse_n decorum_n elegance_n propriety_n be_v a_o proper_a phrase_n according_a to_o art_n not_o after_o the_o common_a expression_n perspicuity_n be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v be_v deliver_v clear_o succinctnesse_n be_v when_o that_o only_o be_v comprise_v which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o thing_n decorum_n be_v a_o conformity_n to_o the_o thing_n elegance_n be_v a_o avoid_n of_o vulgar_a phrase_n laert._n among_o the_o fault_n of_o speech_n be_v barbarism_n a_o phrase_n not_o in_o use_n with_o the_o best_a person_n and_o sol●ecisme_n a_o speech_n incoherent_o frame_v chap._n xi_o of_o definition_n and_o division_n laert._n definition_n according_a to_o antipater_n in_o his_o book_n of_o definition_n be_v speech_n by_o analysis_n pronounce_v adaequate_o or_o as_o chrysippus_n in_o his_o book_n of_o definition_n a_o answer_n to_o this_o question_n what_o a_o thing_n be_v log._n those_o definition_n be_v vicious_a which_o include_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o thing_n define_v or_o not_o in_o all_o or_o not_o in_o some_o so_o as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v a_o man_n be_v a_o rational_a creature_n or_o a_o mortal_a grammatical_a creature_n see_v that_o no_o man_n be_v immortal_a and_o some_o man_n be_v not_o grammarian_n the_o definition_n be_v faulty_a topic._n we_o must_v therefore_o when_o we_o take_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o thing_n we_o will_v define_v and_o other_o prosecute_v they_o so_o far_o until_o it_o become_v proper_a so_o as_o not_o to_o be_v transferrible_a to_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o this_o a_o inheritance_n be_v riches_n add_v which_o by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o person_n fall_v to_o another_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o a_o definition_n for_o riches_n may_v be_v hold_v many_o other_o way_n as_o well_o as_o by_o inheritance_n add_v one_o word_n by_o right_a of_o law_n now_o the_o thing_n will_v seem_v disjoin_v from_o community_n so_o that_o the_o definition_n be_v thus_o explain_v inheritance_n be_v riches_n which_o by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o person_n fall_v to_o another_o by_o right_a
inhuman_a and_o wicked_a of_o those_o who_o affirm_v they_o care_v not_o when_o they_o be_v dead_a if_o all_o the_o earth_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n it_o be_v certain_o true_a that_o we_o be_v likewise_o to_o provide_v for_o those_o who_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v even_o for_o their_o own_o sake_n from_o this_o affection_n of_o the_o soul_n whence_o proceed_v will_n and_o commendation_n of_o die_a person_n as_o also_o forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n will_v live_v solitary_a in_o a_o desert_n even_o with_o the_o great_a abundance_n or_o plenty_n it_o be_v easy_o understand_v that_o we_o be_v bear_v for_o conjunction_n congregation_n or_o natural_a community_n we_o be_v impel_v by_o nature_n to_o benefit_v other_o the_o most_o that_o we_o can_v all_o these_o be_v office_n chief_o by_o teach_v and_o communicate_v the_o reason_n of_o prudence_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o find_v one_o who_o will_v not_o communicate_v to_o some_o other_o what_o he_o know_v himself_o thus_o we_o be_v not_o only_o incline_v to_o learn_v but_o also_o to_o teach_v and_o as_o it_o be_v give_v to_o bull_n by_o nature_n to_o fight_v even_o with_o lion_n for_o their_o heifer_n with_o great_a force_n &_o impetuosity_n so_o they_o who_o abound_v in_o wealth_n and_o be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o as_o be_v relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o bacchus_n be_v incite_v by_o nature_n to_o preserve_v mankind_n likewise_o when_o jupiter_n be_v style_v op●imus_n and_o maximus_n salutaris_n ●hospitalis_fw-la stator_n we_o hereby_o express_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o mankind_n be_v under_o his_o tuition_n but_o we_o can_v expect_v if_o we_o ourselves_o be_v vile_a abject_a and_o neglect_v among_o ourselves_o that_o we_o shall_v be_v dear_a to_o the_o immortal_a god_n and_o love_v of_o they_o as_o therefore_o we_o make_v use_v of_o our_o limb_n before_o that_o we_o have_v learn_v for_o what_o cause_n of_o utility_n we_o have_v they_o so_o be_v we_o conjoin_v and_o consociate_v among_o ourselves_o by_o nature_n to_o civil_a community_n which_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o room_n for_o justice_n or_o goodness_n yet_o though_o there_o be_v mutual_a chain_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n man_n have_v no_o common_a right_n with_o beast_n laert._n by_o reason_n of_o our_o dissimilitude_n as_o both_o chrysippus_n and_o possidonius_fw-la assirm_v for_o all_o other_o thing_n say_v chrysippus_n be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o the_o god_n but_o they_o for_o community_n and_o society_n one_o with_o another_o so_o that_o man_n may_v make_v use_n of_o beast_n for_o their_o benefit_n without_o do_v any_o wrong_n moreover_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v such_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a civil_a right_n betwixt_o he_o and_o all_o mankind_n he_o who_o preserve_v that_o right_a be_v just_a who_o transgress_v it_o unjust_a but_o as_o in_o a_o theatre_n though_o it_o be_v common_a that_o room_n which_o a_o man_n possess_v be_v just_o say_v to_o be_v his_o place_n so_o this_o civil_a right_n in_o a_o city_n and_o the_o world_n do_v not_o repugn_v to_o the_o propriety_n of_o particular_a person_n in_o order_n to_o the_o conservation_n of_o all_o society_n conjunction_n and_o dearness_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n emolument_n and_o detriment_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o benefit_n or_o hurt_n must_v be_v common_a among_o they_o and_o not_o only_o common_a but_o equal_a convenient_n and_o inconvenient_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v common_a but_o not_o equal_a those_o which_o benefit_n or_o hurt_v be_v either_o good_a or_o ill_a and_o therefore_o must_v necessary_o be_v equal_a convenient_a and_o inconvenient_a be_v rank_v among_o the_o prefer_v and_o reject_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v equal_a emolument_n and_o detriment_n be_v common_a but_o rectitude_n and_o sin_n not_o common_a herein_o friendship_n be_v requisite_a as_o be_v one_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o benefit_n some_o affirm_v that_o a_o good_a man_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o much_o concern_v for_o his_o friend_n as_o for_o himself_o other_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o concern_v for_o himself_o yet_o these_o latter_a confess_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o justice_n whereunto_o we_o be_v bear_v to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o another_o and_o assume_v it_o to_o ourselves_o neither_o can_v friendship_n be_v contract_v nor_o justice_n perform_v for_o private_a respect_n and_o advantage_n for_o then_o these_o advantage_n may_v overthrow_v and_o pervert_v they_o but_o neither_o can_v justice_n or_o friendship_n be_v at_o all_o unless_o they_o be_v expetible_a in_o themselves_o justice_n be_v by_o nature_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o wise_a man_n not_o only_o to_o do_v a_o injury_n but_o even_o to_o hurt_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v right_a to_o injure_v those_o who_o be_v our_o friend_n or_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o we_o equity_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o utility_n whatsoever_o be_v equal_a and_o just_a be_v likewise_o honest_a and_o reciprocal_o whatsoever_o be_v honest_a be_v equal_a and_o just_a 3._o panaetius_n who_o discourse_v most_o accurate_o of_o office_n propose_v three_o kind_n wherein_o man_n use_v to_o deliberate_v or_o consult_v of_o office_n first_o when_o they_o doubt_v whether_o that_o of_o which_o the_o question_n be_v be_v honest_a or_o dishonest_a second_o whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a or_o unprofitable_a three_o if_o that_o which_o have_v the_o show_n of_o honesty_n be_v repugnant_a to_o that_o which_o seem_v profitable_a laert._n next_o the_o god_n we_o be_v to_o reverence_v our_o parent_n and_o brethren_n 25._o as_o concern_v the_o burial_n of_o parent_n chrysippus_n say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o most_o simple_a manner_n for_o the_o body_n as_o the_o nail_n tooth_n or_o hair_n thereof_o nothing_o pertain_v to_o we_o and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v use_v with_o any_o curiosity_n or_o respect_n flesh_n if_o it_o be_v useful_a aught_o to_o be_v convert_v into_o aliment_n though_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o our_o own_o body_n as_o the_o foot_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o it_o if_o useless_a put_v under_o ground_n or_o throw_v into_o some_o remote_a place_n without_o more_o respect_n than_o we_o have_v of_o our_o nail_n or_o hair_n when_o cut_v off_o 3._o concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o buyer_n and_o the_o seller_n diogenes_n the_o babylonian_a and_o antipatet_fw-la his_o disciple_n differ_v antipater_n hold_v that_o all_o must_v be_v lay_v open_a that_o the_o buyer_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o seller_n know_v diogenes_n that_o the_o seller_n as_o far_o as_o be_v appoint_v by_o civil_a law_n ought_v only_o to_o tell_v the_o fault_n and_o to_o conceal_v the_o rest_n for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o in_o ●elling_v desire_v to_o sell_v to_o his_o best_a advantage_n hecaton_n in_o his_o six_o book_n of_o office_n be_v full_a of_o these_o question_n as_o whether_o a_o good_a man_n in_o a_o dearth_n may_v give_v over_o housekeep_v he_o dispute_v it_o on_o both_o side_n but_o conclude_v that_o the_o office_n be_v direct_v rather_o by_o profit_n then_o humanity_n he_o ●_z whether_o if_o at_o sea_n a_o ship_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_a by_o the_o cast_n out_o of_o something_o we_o shall_v rather_o cast_v overboard_o a_o horse_n of_o great_a price_n or_o a_o slave_n worth_a little_a in_o this_o case_n private_a interest_n lead_v one_o way_n humanity_n another_o if_o a_o ●ool_n in_o a_o shipwreck_n catch_v hold_v of_o a_o plank_n may_v a_o wise_a man_n wrest_v it_o from_o he_o if_o he_o can_v he_o say_v he_o may_v not_o for_o it_o be_v injurious_a what_o may_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n may_v not_o he_o take_v his_o own_o no_o no_o more_o than_o h●_n may_v throw_v a_o passenger_n out_o of_o the_o ship_n because_o it_o be_v his_o own_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v bind_v the_o ship_n be_v not_o the_o master_n but_o the_o passenger_n what_o if_o two_o shipwracked_a person_n light_v upon_o one_o plank_n and_o both_o pl●●k_n at_o it_o shall_v one_o give_v it_o over_o to_o the_o other_o yes_o but_o to_o he_o who_o it_o be_v more_o expedient_a shall_v live_v either_o for_o his_o own_o sake_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o what_o if_o these_o be_v alike_o in_o both_o there_o will_v be_v no_o contention_n but_o either_o as_o it_o be_v by_o lot_n or_o mication_n with_o the_o finger_n givoco_fw-la della_fw-it mora_fw-la one_o will_v give_v place_n to_o the_o other_o what_o if_o a_o father_n rob_v temple_n undermine_v the_o public_a treasury_n shall_v the_o son_n reveal_v it_o to_o the_o magistrate_n it_o be_v a_o great_a wickedness_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o ought_v to_o defend_v