Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	best_a	year_n	youth_n	24	3	7.4372	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36730	Atlas Chinensis being a second part of A relation of remarkable passages in two embassies from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the vice-roy Singlamong and General Taising Lipovi and to Konchi, Emperor of China and East-Tartary : with a relation of the Netherlanders assisting the Tarter against Coxinga and the Chinese fleet, who till then were masters of the sea : and a more exact geographical description than formerly both of the whole empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen provinces / collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus ; English'd and adorn'd with above a hundred several sculptures by John Ogilby.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Dapper, Olfert, 1639-1689.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing D242; ESTC R5629	631,298	665

will_v take_v you_o for_o my_o son-in-law_n the_o other_o youth_n be_v send_v back_o again_o and_o account_v noble_a because_o they_o be_v allot_v to_o this_o choice_n the_o emperor_n son-in-law_n have_v immediate_o a_o fumme_n set_v over_o he_o be_v two_o learned_a mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v his_o tutor_n and_o instruct_v he_o in_o all_o princely_a affair_n till_o the_o woman_n have_v child_n the_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o show_v reverence_n three_o time_n a_o day_n with_o bend_a knee_n but_o when_o she_o be_v deliver_v of_o a_o child_n this_o duty_n cease_v yet_o there_o be_v many_o ceremony_n and_o show_n of_o obedience_n that_o continue_v for_o which_o reason_n person_n of_o quality_n shun_v to_o be_v the_o emperor_n sons-in-law_n and_o this_o custom_n of_o choose_v twelve_o be_v no_o more_o observe_v be_v the_o emperor_n accidental_o cast_v his_o eye_n on_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o a_o learned_a person_n to_o make_v he_o his_o son-in-law_n they_o humble_o desire_v and_o beg_v to_o be_v excuse_v of_o it_o fear_v to_o live_v discontent_o all_o his_o life-time_n if_o the_o princess_n shall_v take_v any_o dislike_n against_o he_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o emperor_n prime_a wife_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o title_n of_o hoamheu_fw-la which_o be_v empress_n she_o have_v her_o seat_n behind_o the_o emperor_n the_o other_o six_o and_o the_o next_o in_o degree_n be_v call_v queen_n and_o in_o great_a esteem_n beside_o these_o the_o emperor_n have_v thirty_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o rest_n be_v concubine_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o be_v young_a and_o beautiful_a woman_n bring_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o the_o emperor_n visit_v at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o his_o fancy_n lead_v or_o their_o beauty_n attract_v the_o emperor_n theumchim_n be_v a_o chaste_a man_n they_o say_v of_o he_o pu_o thou_o cuin_n that_o be_v he_o go_v not_o into_o the_o palace_n of_o woman_n and_o some_o other_o such_o there_o have_v be_v as_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o have_v be_v more_o who_o wander_a affection_n have_v be_v so_o unsatisfiable_a that_o not_o please_v with_o their_o own_o fancy_n to_o choose_v a_o mate_n they_o keep_v a_o little_a wagon_n draw_v by_o goat_n let_v they_o run_v whither_o they_o will_v and_o into_o what_o chamber_n soever_o they_o go_v and_o stand_v still_o there_o the_o emperor_n pitch_v for_o his_o amorous_a dalliance_n another_o that_o will_v not_o take_v that_o trouble_n to_o go_v into_o the_o woman_n palace_n cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v present_v to_o he_o in_o picture_n and_o she_o who_o he_o like_v best_a he_o send_v for_o thus_o far_o semedo_n the_o tartar_a emperor_n which_o at_o this_o day_n govern_v be_v a_o youth_n of_o eighteen_o year_n have_v twelve_o empress_n for_o his_o service_n funeral_n and_o mourn_a for_o the_o dead_a all_o the_o chinese_n book_n which_o treat_v of_o their_o custom_n endeavour_v nothing_o 〈◊〉_d more_o than_o to_o incite_v child_n to_o show_v obedience_n to_o their_o parent_n and_o respect_n to_o their_o ancestor_n which_o they_o show_v in_o nothing_o more_o than_o in_o their_o funeral_n and_o obsequy_n for_o they_o not_o only_a habit_n themselves_o in_o mourn_v but_o bestow_v great_a cost_n on_o a_o coffin_n in_o the_o prepare_n for_o their_o funeral_n which_o may_v rather_o be_v call_v a_o glorious_a show_n they_o strive_v to_o exceed_v one_o another_o according_a to_o their_o state_n and_o quality_n nay_o often_o go_v beyond_o their_o capacity_n they_o mourn_v not_o in_o black_a but_o white_a the_o son_n at_o their_o parent_n death_n wear_v a_o course_n flaxen_a coat_n or_o rather_o frock_n which_o reach_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n their_o hat_n and_o shoe_n be_v also_o very_o pitiful_a to_o behold_v and_o they_o tie_v a_o cord_n about_o their_o waste_v like_o the_o franciscan_a monk_n this_o mourn_a according_a to_o a_o inviolable_a law_n for_o father_n or_o mother_n be_v strict_o observe_v by_o the_o child_n three_o whole_a year_n for_o this_o reason_n as_o they_o say_v in_o their_o book_n that_o they_o shall_v requite_v their_o parent_n and_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o thankfulness_n that_o they_o have_v carry_v they_o three_o year_n in_o their_o arm_n and_o bring_v they_o up_o with_o great_a trouble_n during_o their_o infancy_n but_o the_o time_n which_o they_o mourn_v for_o other_o relation_n be_v much_o short_a for_o some_o leave_n off_o mourn_v within_o the_o year_n other_o in_o three_o month_n as_o in_o europe_n the_o lawful_a time_n to_o mourn_v for_o the_o emperor_n or_o empress_n be_v also_o three_o year_n which_o all_o the_o subject_n observe_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o now_o upon_o the_o emperor_n permission_n make_v know_v by_o proclamation_n day_n be_v reckon_v for_o month_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o a_o month_n time_n express_v their_o sorrow_n for_o the_o emperor_n death_n in_o mourn_v the_o funeral_n ceremony_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o chinese_n observe_v at_o burial_n be_v write_v in_o a_o large_a book_n wherefore_o upon_o any_o one_o decease_n those_o that_o be_v to_o take_v care_n to_o inter_v the_o body_n repair_v to_o that_o wherein_o their_o mourn_a clothes_n shoe_n cap_n girdle_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o describe_v in_o it_o but_o also_o represent_v in_o picture_n when_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n happen_v to_o die_v the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a or_o near_a kinsman_n acquaint_v all_o the_o other_o relation_n and_o friend_n with_o it_o by_o a_o book_n write_v in_o a_o mournful_a style_n mean_o while_o the_o coffin_n be_v make_v and_o the_o body_n put_v into_o it_o and_o likewise_o the_o hall_n or_o chamber_n in_o which_o the_o corpse_n stand_v hang_v and_o cover_v with_o white_a cloth_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o chamber_n be_v a_o altar_n on_o which_o stand_v the_o coffin_n and_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o decease_a into_o this_o chamber_n on_o certain_a day_n come_v all_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o decease_a clad_v in_o mourn_v whither_o they_o bring_v rice_n and_o set_v two_o wax-candle_n on_o the_o altar_n burn_v perfume_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o decease_a when_o the_o candle_n be_v light_v than_o they_o show_v reverence_n to_o the_o dead_a by_o bow_v their_o body_n and_o kneel_v four_o time_n but_o they_o first_o put_v frankincense_n into_o a_o perfume_a pot_n with_o fire_n which_o be_v place_v against_o the_o coffin_n and_o the_o forementioned_a image_n whilst_o these_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v one_o or_o more_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a stand_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o chest_n cry_v and_o lament_v behind_o the_o coffin_n all_o the_o woman_n of_o his_o alliance_n stand_v behind_o a_o curtain_n cry_v without_o cease_v the_o priest_n have_v ordain_v a_o custom_n to_o burn_v paper_n cut_v after_o a_o peculiar_a fashion_n as_o also_o white_a silk-stuffs_a which_o be_v do_v they_o say_v that_o thereby_o the_o decease_a may_v be_v provide_v of_o clothes_n in_o the_o other_o world_n the_o child_n oftentimes_o keep_v their_o dead-fathers_n and_o mother_n in_o a_o coffin_n in_o the_o house_n three_o or_o four_o year_n together_o without_o the_o least_o nauseat_v smell_v come_v through_o the_o cranny_n be_v colour_v all_o over_o with_o the_o gum_n which_o they_o call_v cie_n all_o which_o time_n they_o set_v before_o they_o every_o day_n meat_n and_o drink_n as_o if_o they_o be_v alive_a the_o son_n during_o this_o time_n of_o mourn_v do_v not_o sit_v on_o their_o usual_a stool_n but_o on_o low_a bench_n cover_v with_o white_a cloth_n neither_o do_v they_o sleep_v on_o bed_n but_o on_o mat_n of_o straw_n spread_v over_o the_o floor_n near_o the_o coffin_n they_o eat_v no_o flesh_n nor_o drink_v but_o upon_o pure_a necessity_n not_o be_v suffer_v to_o be_v at_o any_o feast_n nor_o for_o some_o month_n to_o go_v abroad_o public_o but_o be_v carry_v in_o sedan_n cover_v with_o mourn_a cloth_n many_o other_o thing_n they_o observe_v which_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o relate_v at_o the_o day_n when_o the_o corpse_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v out_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n be_v invite_v by_o another_o book_n and_o meet_v all_o in_o white_a apparel_n to_o attend_v the_o funeral_n which_o be_v perform_v like_o the_o roman_n procession_v several_a shape_v of_o man_n woman_n elephant_n tiger_n and_o lion_n make_v of_o paper_n but_o curious_o gild_a and_o paint_a be_v carry_v before_o and_o afterward_o burn_v at_o the_o grave_a the_o priest_n mumble_v their_o heathen_a prayer_n follow_v the_o corpse_n also_o in_o a_o long_a train_n and_o use_v several_a ceremony_n by_o the_o way_n beat_v on_o drum_n play_v on_o pipe_n cymbal_n bell_n and_o the_o like_a before_o go_v likewise_o several_a man_n carry_v of_o great_a copper_n perfuming-pot_n on_o their_o shoulder_n

than_o former_o they_o possess_v transform_v tyrant_n to_o tiger_n debauch_a person_n into_o swine_n other_o into_o such_o beast_n as_o best_a suit_n with_o their_o inclination_n but_o for_o petty_a crime_n the_o rich_a they_o only_o become_v poor_a and_o despicable_a people_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a pair_n of_o scale_n in_o one_o of_o which_o stand_v a_o sinner_n and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o prayer_n book_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o idol_n which_o weigh_v down_o the_o sinner_n and_o release_v he_o from_o punishment_n in_o the_o middle_n before_o the_o resemblance_n of_o hell_n flow_v a_o river_n of_o a_o strange_a colour_n into_o which_o many_o be_v drag_v across_o the_o river_n lie_v two_o bridge_n one_o of_o gold_n and_o the_o other_o of_o silver_n over_o which_o pass_v those_o that_o have_v be_v true_a pagan-worshipper_n and_o wear_v several_a badge_n of_o their_o office_n and_o service_n show_v to_o the_o idol_n and_o have_v for_o their_o guide_n the_o servant_n of_o the_o idol_n under_o who_o defence_n they_o pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o the_o torment_n of_o hell_n and_o come_v at_o last_o to_o pleasant_a field_n grove_n and_o valley_n in_o another_o corner_n be_v draw_v the_o jaw_n of_o hell_n belch_a out_o flame_n serpent_n and_o fury_n towards_o the_o gate_n of_o hell_n which_o be_v make_v of_o copper_n many_o other_o more_o of_o that_o kind_n be_v also_o see_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v write_v on_o scrol_n that_o whosoever_o call_v a_o thousand_o time_n on_o this_o image_n by_o name_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o these_o torture_n it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o give_v you_o here_o two_o platform_n of_o two_o several_a pagode_n or_o temple_n direction_n for_o a_o little_a temple_n or_o pagode_n cover_v all_o over_o 1_o the_o prime_n and_o only_a gate_n of_o the_o temple_n 2_o a_o partition_n of_o wood_n between_o two_o pillar_n of_o stone_n or_o wood_n on_o which_o two_o gygantick_a figure_n be_v paint_v by_o this_o mean_n the_o sight_n out_o of_o the_o street_n into_o the_o temple_n be_v prevent_v though_o the_o door_n be_v open_a 3._o a_o erect_a stone_n in_o form_n of_o a_o consecrate_a basin_n in_o which_o the_o roman_n keep_v their_o holy-water_n in_o which_o lie_v fire_n to_o burn_v the_o perfume_n that_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o 4._o body_n of_o the_o temple_n 5._o a_o great_a table_n before_o the_o altar_n curious_o varnish_v paint_a and_o gild_a on_o which_o stand_v taper_n and_o perfume_v always_o burn_v on_o the_o table_n stand_v also_o two_o case_n and_o a_o cane_n full_a of_o little_a pipe_n or_o straw_n wherewith_o they_o cast_v lot_n 6._o a_o great_a altar_n on_o which_o some_o image_n stand_v 7._o two_o less_o altar_n on_o each_o of_o which_o be_v other_o representation_n 8._o pedestal_n of_o stone_n on_o which_o the_o pillar_n of_o wood_n or_o stone_n rest_n which_o hold_v up_o the_o roof_n and_o make_v three_o division_n 9_o two_o small_a pool_n or_o pond_n with_o water_n and_o fish_n open_v on_o the_o top_n from_o whence_o the_o light_n shine_v into_o the_o temple_n be_v in_o stead_n of_o window_n for_o no_o other_o light_n come_v into_o the_o temple_n but_o from_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v or_o through_o the_o chief_a gate_n 10._o two_o chamber_n before_o the_o gate_n that_o lead_v into_o the_o temple_n in_o which_o stand_v two_o great_a shape_n of_o horse_n and_o other_o image_n 11._o two_o board_n make_v fast_n to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o temple_n engrave_v with_o superstitious_a direction_n to_o throw_v their_o lot_n before_o the_o image_n with_o the_o foresay_a straw_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o table_n 12._o a_o great_a drum_n on_o a_o wooden_a bench_n on_o which_o they_o give_v several_a stroke_n after_o have_v end_v their_o prayer_n to_o the_o image_n 13._o a_o great_a bell_n hang_v at_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o temple_n make_v like_o we_o on_o which_o they_o also_o strike_v twice_o or_o thrice_o with_o a_o stick_n after_o they_o have_v end_v their_o devotion_n 14._o a_o bench_n with_o hole_n wherein_o they_o put_v their_o umbrelloes_n or_o other_o mark_n of_o honour_n which_o be_v carry_v before_o the_o mandarin_n and_o likewise_o before_o their_o image_n when_o they_o go_v procession_v 15._o the_o place_n where_o those_o that_o kneel_v to_o pray_v before_o their_o image_n and_o cast_v lot_n direction_n or_o draught_n of_o a_o temple_n one_o of_o the_o big_a and_o stately_a in_o all_o china_n 1_o the_o chief_a gate_n in_o the_o first_o wall_n that_o surround_v the_o temple_n 2_o two_o gate_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o forementioned_a 3_o first_o court_n before_o the_o temple_n open_a on_o the_o top_n 4_o a_o great_a pool_n with_o water_n and_o fish_n 5_o a_o bridge_n to_o go_v over_o the_o pool_n 6_o a_o great_a cover_a hall_n which_o spread_v itself_o before_o the_o whole_a structure_n 7_o a_o second_o open_a court_n much_o big_a pave_v with_o freestone_n 8_o little_a chamber_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o second_o court_n 9_o the_o chief_a hall_n or_o chapel_n in_o the_o temple_n cover_v with_o a_o handsome_a roof_n 10_o pillar_n of_o the_o two_o hall_n which_o in_o some_o temple_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o in_o other_o of_o one_o entire_a stone_n 11_o little_a door_n of_o the_o chamber_n with_o a_o gallery_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v before_o they_o go_v into_o the_o chamber_n 12_o the_o place_n whither_o those_o repair_n to_o kneel_v and_o show_v reverence_n to_o their_o image_n and_o draw_v lot_n 13_o a_o very_a curious_a and_o well-made_a table_n gild_a and_o varnished_a whereon_o in_o a_o case_n stand_v straw_n or_o little_a cane_n with_o which_o they_o draw_v lot_n and_o likewise_o perfume_a pan_n and_o burn_a taper_n over_o it_o also_o hang_v a_o light_a lamp_n 14_o a_o great_a altar_n with_o one_o or_o several_a image_n 15_o a_o stone_n pedestal_n close_o by_o the_o wall_n on_o which_o stand_v many_o whole_a and_o half_a image_n 16_o a_o stone_n cut_v in_o manner_n of_o a_o basin_n in_o which_o stand_v a_o chafindish_a with_o coal_n wherein_o gild_a and_o silver_v paper_n be_v burn_v by_o those_o that_o come_v to_o worship_n the_o image_n in_o some_o temple_n general_o stand_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o forementioned_a stone_n many_o copper_n pan_n large_a and_o neat_o make_v 17_o two_o board_n make_v fast_n on_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o temple_n engrave_v with_o their_o superstitious_a belief_n 18_o a_o great_a bell_n make_v like_o those_o of_o europe_n but_o without_o a_o clapper_n on_o which_o they_o strike_v with_o a_o staff_n three_o or_o four_o time_n after_o they_o have_v finish_v their_o prayer_n 19_o a_o great_a drum_n on_o a_o wooden_a bench_n on_o which_o they_o also_o strike_v as_o on_o the_o bell._n 20_o a_o bench_n of_o wood_n with_o hole_n in_o which_o they_o stick_v the_o umbrelloes_n and_o other_o badge_n of_o honour_n that_o be_v carry_v before_o the_o mandarin_n and_o likewise_o before_o the_o image_n in_o time_n of_o their_o precession_v triumphal_a arch_n in_o several_a city_n to_o their_o no_o small_a ornament_n be_v divers_a triumphal_a arch_n most_o of_o they_o of_o hew_a marble_n with_o great_a art_n and_o curious_a imagery_n rich_o wrought_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o goth_n they_o be_v as_o ancient_o among_o the_o roman_n build_v in_o commemoration_n of_o those_o which_o have_v do_v some_o great_a service_n to_o that_o city_n or_o country_n sometime_o also_o for_o the_o citizen_n that_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o height_n of_o their_o learning_n they_o be_v chief_o build_v in_o the_o eminent_a street_n and_o most_o populous_a place_n and_o consist_v in_o three_o portal_n the_o big_a in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o two_o lesser_a on_o each_o side_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v on_o both_o side_n stand_v marble_n lion_n and_o other_o fine_a imagery_n on_o the_o ceiling_n be_v celestial_a sign_n bird_n flower_n snake_n serpent_n and_o the_o like_a do_v very_o artificial_o those_o place_n that_o be_v void_a of_o statue_n be_v curious_o carve_v or_o adorn_v with_o other_o imagery_n and_o be_v so_o cut_v that_o they_o seem_v pendant_n in_o the_o air._n it_o deserve_v no_o small_a admiration_n how_o such_o vast_a stone_n can_v be_v wrought_v and_o cut_v through_o that_o they_o seem_v rather_o like_o loose_a chain_n of_o divers_a link_n than_o single_o wrought_v the_o whole_a arch_n rest_v on_o high_a pillar_n and_o both_o before_o and_o behind_o of_o one_o fashion_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o roof_n general_o consist_v in_o three_o story_n or_o partition_n every_o one_o divide_v with_o some_o ●…hings_n resemble_v our_o architecture_n upon_o the_o summit_n of_o the_o arch_n lie_v a_o blue_a stone_n cover_v with_o a_o small_a gild_a arch_n on_o which_o

first_o chineses_n take_v not_o their_o signification_n from_o joint_a figure_n but_o from_o the_o representation_n of_o natural_a thing_n as_o bird_n beast_n infect_v fish_n herb_n tree_n mineral_n and_o the_o like_a ●…y_v which_o put_v in_o order_n and_o join_v several_a way_n the_o chineses_n at_o first_o declare_v their_o thought_n and_o apprehension_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o fiery_a thing_n they_o use_v 〈◊〉_d and_o dragon_n which_o be_v place_v in_o several_a order_n have_v such_o and_o such_o signification_n and_o in_o express_v aerial_a thing_n they_o make_v figure_n of_o bird_n and_o for_o watery_a fish_n for_o earthly_a thing_n beast_n plant_n tree_n and_o leave_n for_o star_n speck_n and_o circle_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o thing_n of_o another_o nature_n the_o form_n of_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n character_n be_v of_o seventeen_o sort_n the_o first_o invent_v by_o the_o emperor_n fohi_n consist_v according_a to_o their_o chronicle_n of_o serpent_n and_o dragon_n wherefore_o the_o book_n which_o he_o write_v of_o astronomy_n be_v call_v the_o book_n of_o dragon_n in_o it_o be_v serpent_n strange_o twist_v together_o and_o in_o several_a form_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o signify_v therewith_o but_o at_o this_o day_n few_o chineses_n understand_v these_o character_n age_n have_v wear_v out_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v take_v from_o 〈◊〉_d belong_v to_o hu●…bandry_n join_v together_o and_o be_v first_o use_v by_o the_o emperor_n xin_n in_o his_o book_n of_o agriculture_n or_o husbandry_n the_o three_o sort_n consist_v in_o the_o place_n of_o several_a feather_n of_o the_o bird_n tunghoahang_fw-mi which_o be_v by_o they_o account_v the_o best_a bird_n that_o fly_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o emperor_n xanghoang_v use_v the●…e_a character_n in_o his_o book_n of_o bird_n the_o four_o sort_n consist_v of_o shell-fish_n and_o infect_v the_o five_o of_o root_n and_o ●…erbs_n the_o six_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o bird_n which_o the_o emperor_n choanghang_fw-mi use_v the_o seven_o be_v a_o invention_n of_o the_o emperor_n jao_n consist_v of_o turtle_n the_o eight_o of_o fowl_n the_o nine_o and_o ten_o of_o herb_n the_o eleven_o of_o representation_n of_o the_o planet_n the_o twelve_o and_o thirteen_o be_v former_o call_v the_o useful_a character_n of_o law_n and_o constitution_n the_o fourteen_o consist_v of_o character_n express_v rest_n joy_n knowledge_n light_n and_o darkness_n the_o fifteen_o of_o fish_v the_o sixteen_o can_v be_v read_v nor_o understand_v the_o seventeen_o and_o l●…st_a sort_n be_v use_v for_o superscription_n on_o letter_n deed_n bond_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o modern_a chineses_n grow_v wise_a by_o experience_n and_o find_v a_o great_a confusion_n and_o trouble_n in_o the_o represent_v of_o so_o many_o beast_n plant_n etc._n etc._n invent_v a_o far_o short_a way_n of_o join_v speck_n and_o lines_n together_o the_o language_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v for_o its_o antiquity_n by_o many_o account_v for_o chinese_n one_o of_o the_o seventy_o two_o tongue_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o babel_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o book_n that_o it_o have_v be_v in_o be_v for_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o year_n it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o but_o differ_v in_o the_o several_a kingdom_n or_o province_n which_o now_o make_v up_o that_o empire_n trigaut_n tell_v we_o that_o ●…very_n province_n differ_v so_o much_o from_o another_o in_o their_o language_n that_o they_o 〈◊〉_d understand_v one_o another_o notwithstanding_o they_o use_v the_o same_o book_n 〈◊〉_d character_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n taipin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n speak_v quite_o another_o language_n from_o the_o chinese_n in_o like_a manner_n those_o of_o the_o seven_o county_n lipingfu_n of_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o speak_v a_o different_a language_n altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o other_o chineses_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n the_o inhabitant_n use_v not_o one_o dialect_n but_o every_o county_n have_v a_o peculiar_a speech_n insomuch_o that_o the_o one_o can_v understand_v the_o other_o those_o of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n who_o speak_v a_o gross_a and_o ungraceful_a language_n use_v in_o stead_n of_o n_o the_o letter_n ●…_n for_o nank_v be_v by_o they_o call_v lank_v the_o suburb_n of_o hoksieu_n or_o focheu_fw-la lanthai_n which_o the_o portuguese_n and_o hollander_n with_o who_o they_o trade_n have_v follow_v those_o of_o the_o second_o county_n sucheufu_n in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o know_v nothing_o of_o any_o letter_n former_o though_o they_o express_v themselves_o by_o write_v figure_n on_o board_n but_o have_v late_o learn_v the_o vulgar_a character_n beside_o the_o several_a dialect_n belong_v proper_o to_o each_o province_n after_o the_o reduce_n of_o they_o to_o one_o sole_a empire_n another_o language_n be_v institute_v which_o be_v make_v common_a through_o the_o whole_a realm_n this_o language_n be_v by_o the_o chineses_n name_v quonhoa_n or_o quonthoa_n that_o be_v court_n or_o plead_v tongue_n because_o it_o be_v most_o use_v at_o court_n by_o the_o mandarin_n governor_n and_o magistrate_n it_o be_v also_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mandarin_n language_n but_o be_v least_o of_o all_o use_v in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n this_o be_v do_v because_o it_o happen_v oftentimes_o that_o all_o the_o magistrate_n be_v foreigner_n or_o stranger_n in_o the_o province_n where_o by_o the_o emperor_n order_n they_o be_v place_v and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v necessitate_v to_o learn_v a_o strange_a language_n there_o be_v a_o general_a one_o institute_v in_o the_o whole_a empire_n in_o this_o language_n they_o not_o only_o try_v cause_n but_o all_o well_o breed_v people_n or_o stranger_n speak_v the_o same_o with_o the_o native_n in_o every_o province_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o english_a french_a italian_n german_n and_o other_o people_n use_v the_o latin_a tongue_n through_o all_o europe_n the_o jesuit_n which_o be_v send_v to_o china_n to_o promulgate_v the_o christian_a religion_n learn_v all_o of_o they_o this_o general_a language_n because_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o each_o several_a province_n be_v neither_o useful_a nor_o elegant_a nor_o speak_v by_o people_n of_o quality_n except_o in_o their_o house_n to_o their_o servant_n or_o in_o other_o country_n thereby_o to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o native_a country_n this_o language_n be_v also_o speak_v by_o woman_n and_o child_n because_o long_a custom_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o learning_n it_o tradesman_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o their_o own_o province_n and_o though_o they_o all_o understand_v the_o mandarin_n tongue_n yet_o they_o speak_v it_o not_o this_o general_a chinese_n tongue_n be_v very_o brief_a and_o short_a and_o though_o rich_a and_o abound_v in_o character_n above_o all_o other_o language_n yet_o inferior_a to_o they_o in_o scarcity_n of_o word_n for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o word_n exceed_v not_o sixteen_o hundred_o and_o according_a to_o semedo_n not_o above_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o all_o the_o word_n end_v almost_o in_o a_o vowel_n yet_o some_o few_o of_o they_o with_o m_n or_o n_o and_o which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o language_n there_o be_v no_o dissyllable_n or_o polysyllable_n but_o all_o monosyllable_n or_o word_n consist_v of_o one_o syllable_n only_o i_o mean_v all_o radical_a and_o fundamental_a word_n for_o appellative_n or_o name_n of_o place_n and_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o or_o three_o word_n clap_v together_o as_o tunghoafung_a of_o fung_n a_o bird_n hoa_o a_o flower_n and_o tung_n the_o name_n of_o the_o flower_n and_o herein_o it_o be_v parallel_v even_o by_o our_o english_a tongue_n who_o fundamental_a word_n be_v original_o saxon_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n monosyllable_n as_o tree_n stone_n hand_n eye_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v many_o diphthong_n or_o double_a vowel_n join_v together_o in_o one_o syllable_n i_o say_v vowel_n after_o our_o way_n of_o speak_v mean_v the_o force_n of_o vowel_n for_o vowel_n be_v no_o use_v by_o the_o chinese_n but_o as_o every_o thing_n so_o every_o word_n have_v its_o peculiar_a sign_n wherefore_o it_o may_v be_v ask_v be_v there_o so_o many_o sign_n in_o so_o small_a a_o number_n of_o word_n as_o the_o chineses_n 〈◊〉_d or_o how_o can_v they_o with_o so_o few_o word_n express_v all_o thing_n which_o their_o thought_n comprehend_v in_o answer_v hereof_o i_o say_v that_o the_o chinese_n language_n be_v very_o comprehensive_a that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o have_v few_o word_n but_o oftentimes_o one_o word_n signify_v ten_o or_o twenty_o several_a thing_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v distinguish_v but_o by_o the_o different_a sound_n and_o pronunciation_n in_o speak_v which_o distinction_n be_v so_o small_a that_o stranger_n ●…an_v