when_o she_o propose_v the_o match_n to_o venus_n with_o so_o much_o ardency_n it_o be_v only_o the_o top_n of_o her_o countenance_n oras_fw-la her_o whole_a aim_n be_v to_o keep_v aeneas_n in_o africa_n and_o to_o bestow_v on_o carthage_n the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o italy_n and_o depend_v upon_o the_o star_n of_o this_o hero_n you_o see_v then_o the_o only_a thing_n she_o drive_v at_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a counterfeit_n and_o a_o mean_n whereby_o she_o endeavour_v to_o accomplish_v this_o end_n dido_n herself_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o less_o considerable_a her_o person_n be_v than_o that_o of_o aeneas_n and_o that_o she_o be_v only_o bring_v in_o to_o hinder_v the_o design_n of_o this_o prince_n it_o be_v she_o that_o court_v he_o and_o will_v have_v he_o for_o her_o king_n husband_n and_o protector_n against_o the_o rage_n of_o her_o brother_n and_o the_o incursion_n of_o jarbas_n but_o she_o can_v only_o obtain_v a_o marriage_n for_o a_o month_n or_o so_o as_o be_v customary_a now_o and_o then_o in_o those_o time_n aeneas_n tell_v she_o plain_o that_o the_o name_n of_o husband_n shall_v be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o his_o departure_n and_o his_o design_n for_o italy_n and_o he_o declare_v that_o this_o condition_n of_o not_o leave_v carthage_n be_v not_o in_o the_o article_n of_o their_o alliance_n the_o more_o an_o episode_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o complete_a action_n the_o more_o care_n shall_v the_o poet_n take_v to_o prepare_v the_o reader_n be_v mind_n before_o he_o engage_v he_o in_o it_o this_o be_v what_o virgil_n do_v in_o the_o episode_n we_o mention_v all_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o first_o book_n do_v sufficient_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o the_o stay_v of_o aeneas_n at_o carthage_n be_v only_o a_o hindrance_n and_o constraint_n which_o he_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o poet_n be_v likewise_o oblige_v to_o repeat_v this_o advertisement_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o episodes_n that_o so_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v to_o what_o the_o poet_n engage_v he_o thus_o the_o trojan_n be_v scarce_o get_v to_o carthage_n but_o they_o give_v out_o that_o their_o design_n be_v for_o italy_n and_o before_o dido_n make_v the_o least_o show_n of_o her_o design_n upon_o aeneas_n the_o poet_n spend_v the_o second_o and_o three_o book_n to_o inform_v we_o of_o this_o hero_n design_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o his_o go_v to_o italy_n according_a to_o the_o order_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o oracle_n and_o the_o go_n all_o this_o be_v declare_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o dido_n herself_o to_o conclude_v all_o this_o episode_n be_v so_o full_a of_o this_o main_a design_n that_o the_o poet_n be_v not_o willing_a we_o shall_v lose_v the_o sight_n of_o it_o for_o a_o moment_n therefore_o aeneas_n be_v doubtless_o the_o hero_n of_o this_o episode_n and_o we_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o this_o incident_a rather_o as_o a_o obstacle_n lay_v to_o hinder_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o trojan_n in_o italy_n as_o the_o history_n of_o dido_n in_o who_o it_o be_v a_o complete_a action_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o fault_n which_o corrupt_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n homer_n and_o virgil_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o instance_n of_o a_o exact_a unity_n with_o the_o three_o qualification_n we_o require_v we_o must_v now_o inquire_v elsewhere_o for_o instance_n of_o a_o unity_n that_o be_v corrupt_v by_o episodes_n that_o be_v irregular_a all_o these_o three_o way_n that_o be_v first_o such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o something_o else_o beside_o the_o action_n second_o such_o as_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o poem_n nor_o with_o the_o member_n and_o part_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n thereof_o and_o last_o such_o as_o be_v complete_a action_n independent_a from_o the_o subject_a these_o vicious_a and_o superfluous_a episodes_n may_v be_v meet_v with_o not_o only_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o poem_n but_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o the_o end_n the_o thebay_n of_o statius_n furnish_v we_o with_o all_o these_o instance_n as_o his_o achilleid_n have_v already_o afford_v we_o a_o instance_n of_o that_o false_a unity_n which_o consist_v only_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o hero_n the_o unfortunate_a oedipus_n have_v pluck_v out_o his_o own_o eye_n and_o banish_v himself_o from_o thebes_n leave_v the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o eteocles_n and_o polynices_n his_o two_o son_n they_o order_v matter_n so_o that_o each_o of_o they_o one_o after_o another_o shall_v reign_v a_o whole_a year_n by_o himself_o but_o the_o elder_a be_v in_o possession_n when_o his_o time_n be_v out_o refuse_v to_o quit_v the_o throne_n polynices_n in_o his_o exile_n be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o adrastus_n king_n of_o argos_n this_o age_a prince_n take_v prince_n take_v up_o the_o quarrel_n and_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o ally_n undertake_v to_o settle_v polynices_n on_o the_o throne_n and_o to_o out_o eteocles_n upon_o this_o thebes_n be_v beleaguer_v and_o after_o several_a skitmish_n this_o difference_n be_v decide_v by_o the_o duel_n and_o death_n of_o the_o two_o rival_n brother_n this_o war_n between_o the_o two_o theban_a brother_n be_v the_o 1_o action_n our_o poet_n will_v relate_v and_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o thebay_n but_o observe_v another_o action_n or_o rather_o another_o story_n the_o goddess_n venus_n be_v offend_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o lemnos_n because_o in_o all_o that_o island_n she_o have_v neither_o temple_n altar_n nor_o sacrifice_n at_o first_o she_o put_v the_o man_n out_o of_o conceit_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o then_o she_o make_v the_o woman_n so_o mad_a as_o to_o conspire_v the_o death_n of_o all_o their_o husband_n this_o barbarous_a resolution_n be_v most_o unmerciful_o put_v in_o execution_n hypsipyle_n be_v the_o only_a woman_n who_o have_v secret_o save_v her_o father_n king_n troas_n and_o so_o ingenious_o dissemble_v the_o have_v murder_v he_o that_o the_o rest_n confer_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o she_o as_o belong_v to_o that_o family_n a_o little_a after_o the_o argonaut_n go_v in_o quest_n of_o the_o golden-fleece_n be_v force_v by_o a_o storm_n to_o call_v in_o and_o recruit_v themselves_o at_o lemnos_n they_o be_v very_o kind_o entertain_v there_o and_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o season_n give_v jason_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o hero_n a_o opportunity_n of_o leave_v hypsipyle_n big_a with_o twin_n before_o he_o put_v off_o to_o sea_n she_o be_v scarce_o bring_v to_o bed_n but_o it_o be_v tell_v her_o subject_n that_o they_o have_v be_v cheat_v and_o that_o king_n troas_n be_v alive_a and_o reign_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o chios_n whither_o hypsipyle_n have_v convey_v he_o though_o she_o have_v pretend_v she_o have_v murder_v he_o this_o make_v the_o princess_n so_o odious_a that_o fear_v the_o fury_n of_o those_o woman_n she_o flee_v to_o the_o seashore_n where_o she_o be_v seize_v on_o and_o carry_v off_o by_o pirate_n they_o bestow_v she_o on_o king_n lyeurgus_n who_o make_v she_o the_o nurse_n of_o his_o son_n archemorus_n the_o state_n of_o this_o prince_n border_v upon_o thebes_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o road_n the_o army_n of_o adrastus_n be_v to_o pass_v thither_o the_o greek_n meet_v with_o this_o famous_a nurse_n as_o she_o be_v alone_o with_o her_o nursery_n in_o a_o wood._n they_o be_v extreme_a thirsty_a all_o the_o well_n be_v dry_v up_o by_o the_o scorch_a season_n they_o entreat_v she_o to_o give_v they_o some_o relief_n she_o grant_v their_o request_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o fountain_n that_o never_o be_v drain_v she_o be_v so_o forward_o that_o to_o make_v the_o more_o haste_n to_o this_o wish_a for_o stream_n she_o ease_v herself_o of_o her_o precious_a burden_n with_o which_o she_o be_v entrust_v and_o leave_v archemorus_n all_o alone_a upon_o the_o grass_n she_o go_v to_o quench_v the_o grecian_n thirst_n and_o then_o to_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n they_o have_v of_o know_v who_o she_o be_v that_o have_v be_v the_o save_n of_o they_o she_o make_v a_o large_a recital_n of_o her_o own_o life_n after_o she_o have_v make_v a_o end_n and_o receive_v the_o compliment_n of_o adrastus_n she_o return_v back_o to_o her_o prince_n but_o a_o frightful_a serpent_n have_v kill_v he_o by_o a_o blow_n with_o his_o tail_n the_o greek_n kill_v the_o serpent_n and_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o dead_a prince_n make_v a_o splendid_a funeral_n and_o institute_v most_o magnificent_a sport_n which_o take_v up_o a_o whole_a book_n of_o the_o thebay_n the_o recital_n of_o hypsipyle_n and_o the_o death_n of_o archemorus_n fill_v up_o another_o these_o be_v foreign_a episodes_n and_o if_o they_o be_v regular_a i_o can_v imagine_v what_o use_n the_o rule_n of_o aristotle_n can_v be_v of_o in_o this_o business_n
apply_v thereto_o what_o horace_n say_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v less_o affect_v poet._n with_o what_o it_o hear_v than_o with_o what_o it_o see_v so_o that_o beside_o the_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o poem_n we_o may_v likewise_o from_o hence_o conclude_v that_o the_o epic_a poet_n lie_v under_o a_o great_a obligion_n than_o the_o dramatic_a of_o surprise_v the_o mind_n of_o his_o reader_n by_o admiration_n and_o by_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o thing_n he_o treat_v of_o and_o of_o take_v for_o his_o subject_n a_o great_a noble_a and_o important_a action_n aristotle_n require_v this_o grandeur_n and_o this_o lustre_n in_o the_o epic_a action_n 5._o and_o say_v that_o the_o epopéa_n and_o tragedy_n do_v both_o imitate_v whatever_o be_v most_o noble_a and_o important_a but_o the_o action_n may_v be_v important_a two_o way_n either_o of_o its_o self_n independent_o from_o he_o that_o execute_v it_o or_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n the_o poet_n be_v please_v to_o make_v use_n of_o horace_n exclude_v mean_a personage_n and_o will_v have_v they_o be_v crown_v head_n but_o neither_o he_o nor_o aristotle_n say_v any_o thing_n to_o show_v that_o the_o action_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n ought_v to_o be_v great_a and_o important_a and_o in_o truth_n they_o can_v not_o require_v this_o qualification_n without_o condemn_v the_o poet_n that_o in_o their_o opinion_n be_v the_o least_o to_o blame_v of_o any_o in_o the_o world_n and_o without_o reject_v the_o model_n they_o propose_v if_o one_o consider_v the_o two_o action_n of_o homer_n without_o the_o name_n and_o their_o episodes_n as_o aristotle_n will_v have_v they_o be_v prepare_v at_o first_o one_o shall_v find_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v common_a and_o which_o require_v no_o high_a quality_n than_o those_o a_o merchant_n a_o burgomaster_n or_o at_o most_o a_o plain_a country-squire_n be_v capable_a of_o you_o need_v only_o reflect_v upon_o the_o two_o model_n we_o have_v give_v of_o they_o one_o of_o which_o aristotle_n himself_o draw_v one_o shall_v find_v nothing_o there_o but_o what_o may_v have_v happen_v to_o ordinary_a person_n it_o be_v this_o a_o man_n return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n and_o find_v a_o great_a many_o disorder_n in_o his_o family_n two_o other_o fall_v out_o about_o a_o captive_a wench_n and_o break_v the_o neck_n of_o their_o affair_n this_o teach_v we_o that_o to_o make_v action_n important_a it_o be_v enough_o that_o it_o be_v the_o action_n of_o noble_a and_o important_a person_n it_o be_v true_a horace_n make_v mention_n of_o war_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n for_o they_o it_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o poem_n i_o may_v urge_v that_o this_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o hero_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o warrior_n such_o as_o achilles_n ulysses_n and_o aeneas_n homer_n who_o be_v cite_v by_o horace_n in_o this_o point_n shall_v testify_v it_o there_o be_v so_o little_a war_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n to_o think_v horace_n mean_v to_o affirm_v that_o war_n be_v the_o subject_a matter_n or_o a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o the_o poet_n mention_n but_o three_o rencounter_n that_o of_o the_o ciconian_o that_o of_o the_o lestrygon_n and_o that_o of_o some_o ithacan_n who_o be_v for_o revenge_v of_o their_o master_n who_o ulysses_n have_v murder_v at_o his_o house_n the_o recital_n of_o these_o three_o battle_n if_o a_o man_n may_v call_v these_o adventure_n so_o be_v make_v in_o less_o than_o forty_o verse_n in_o all_o but_o however_o it_o be_v yet_o the_o return_n of_o a_o man_n to_o his_o own_o home_n and_o the_o quarrel_n of_o two_o other_o that_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v great_a in_o themselves_o become_v noble_a and_o important_a action_n when_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o name_n the_o poet_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v ulysses_n who_o return_v back_o into_o ithaca_n and_o that_o it_o be_v achilles_n and_o agamemnon_n who_o fall_v out_o with_o one_o another_o at_o the_o famous_a siege_n of_o troy_n it_o be_v then_o these_o affair_n become_v matter_n of_o state_n but_o there_o be_v action_n that_o of_o themselves_o be_v very_o important_a such_o as_o the_o establish_n or_o the_o downfall_n of_o a_o state_n or_o a_o religion_n such_o than_o be_v the_o action_n of_o the_o aeneid_n there_o can_v nothing_o be_v imagine_v more_o great_a noble_a and_o august_a since_o it_o comprehend_v both_o the_o civil_a state_n and_o religion_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o make_v a_o action_n great_a by_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o personage_n under_o who_o name_n we_o represent_v it_o this_o way_n be_v to_o give_v a_o high_a idea_n of_o these_o personage_n than_o that_o which_o the_o reader_n conceive_v of_o all_o they_o know_v to_o be_v great_a this_o be_v perform_v by_o compare_v the_o man_n of_o the_o poem_n with_o the_o man_n of_o the_o present_a time_n in_o which_o the_o poet_n write_v homer_n say_v that_o two_o man_n of_o his_o time_n can_v not_o carry_v the_o stone_n which_o diomedes_z with_o ease_n throw_v at_o aeneas_n and_o virgil_n say_v that_o the_o stone_n turnus_n fling_v at_o the_o same_o aeneas_n will_v have_v be_v too_o heavy_a a_o burden_n for_o twelve_o man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n in_o short_a according_a to_o homer_n account_n who_o live_v one_o or_o two_o age_n after_o aeneas_n and_o who_o pretend_v that_o man_n strength_n be_v abate_v to_o a_o moiety_n of_o what_o it_o be_v before_o this_o same_o strength_n may_v well_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o pitch_n virgil_n will_v have_v it_o ten_o age_n after_o it_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v these_o two_o poet_n be_v willing_a to_o render_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o poem_n more_o great_a and_o august_a by_o the_o strength_n and_o grandeur_n of_o their_o personage_n and_o by_o these_o great_a idea_n which_o they_o superadd_v to_o those_o which_o the_o man_n of_o their_o time_n conceive_v this_o very_a reason_n oblige_v they_o not_o to_o represent_v their_o hero_n superior_a to_o those_o of_o former_a age_n but_o the_o probable_a diminution_n from_o age_n to_o age_n as_o they_o suppose_v aught_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o give_v the_o father_n the_o preference_n over_o their_o child_n homer_n make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o it_o and_o 1._o nestor_n who_o have_v live_v two_o age_n already_o say_v without_o any_o compliment_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o iliad_n that_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o forefather_n 6._o virgil_n also_o say_v that_o the_o time_n of_o itus_fw-la and_o assaracus_n be_v better_o than_o those_o in_o which_o his_o hero_n live_v it_o seem_v statius_n have_v the_o same_o mind_n to_o represent_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o hero_n as_o far_o surpass_v that_o of_o homer_n and_o virgil_n hero_n though_o in_o truth_n the_o hero_n of_o the_o one_o be_v only_o the_o child_n of_o the_o hero_n of_o the_o other_o two_o so_o prodigious_a be_v the_o action_n he_o will_v attribute_v to_o some_o but_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o herein_o his_o whole_a aim_n be_v to_o amplify_v to_o a_o prodigy_n whatsoever_o he_o handle_v for_o if_o by_o this_o extraordinary_a strength_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o heighten_v the_o grandeur_n and_o importance_n of_o his_o action_n he_o forget_v himself_o in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v do_v something_o worse_a than_o sleep_n when_o he_o debase_v it_o so_o much_o in_o his_o first_o book_n it_o be_v there_o where_o to_o show_v the_o baseness_n and_o poverty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebes_n he_o compare_v it_o to_o the_o power_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o great_a empire_n that_o have_v flourish_v since_o be_v it_o not_o pleasant_a in_o he_o to_o declaim_v himself_o against_o the_o design_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o hero_n and_o to_o ridicule_n the_o great_a labour_n he_o put_v they_o upon_o for_o a_o wretched_a and_o pitiful_a kingdom_n 1._o it_o be_v for_o a_o sordid_a kingdom_n that_o they_o strive_v how_o ill_o a_o imitation_n be_v this_o of_o virgil_n epiphonema_n which_o give_v we_o so_o lofty_a and_o so_o just_a a_o idea_n of_o the_o importance_n of_o his_o subject_n 1._o so_o vast_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o found_v the_o roman_a state_n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n iii_o concern_v the_o form_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n or_o concern_v the_o narration_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o narration_n there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o relate_v a_o action_n that_o be_v past_a the_o one_o be_v simple_a and_o historical_a when_o a_o man_n make_v the_o rehearsal_n of_o it_o to_o his_o audience_n without_o force_v their_o imagination_n only_o leave_v they_o under_o a_o sense_n that_o
not_o content_v to_o rehearse_v all_o that_o ever_o happen_v either_o to_o achilles_n or_o to_o hercules_n or_o to_o theseus_n or_o to_o any_o other_o single_a personage_n but_o he_o make_v a_o recital_n of_o all_o that_o ever_o happen_v to_o all_o the_o person_n of_o the_o poetical_a fable_n this_o recital_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n a_o epic_a poem_n but_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o the_o fable_n that_o be_v ever_o write_v in_o verse_n with_o as_o much_o connexion_n and_o union_n as_o the_o compiler_n of_o so_o many_o incident_n can_v devise_v and_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o one_o can_v condemn_v this_o design_n and_o tax_v its_o author_n with_o ignorance_n provide_v none_o pretend_v that_o he_o design_v to_o make_v a_o epopéa_n nor_o compare_v it_o to_o the_o poem_n of_o homer_n and_o virgil_n as_o statius_n have_v do_v his_o achilleid_n and_o thebay_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o regular_a multiplication_n of_o fable_n although_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v so_o much_o against_o the_o multiplication_n of_o fable_n yet_o one_o can_v absolute_o condemn_v it_o our_o poet_n have_v get_v several_a fable_n in_o each_o of_o their_o poem_n and_o horuce_n commend_v homer_n for_o it_o nay_o aristotle_n himself_o forbid_v it_o in_o such_o a_o flight_n way_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o evade_v 8._o he_o find_v fault_n with_o those_o poet_n who_o be_v for_o reduce_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o fable_n into_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o hero_n because_o one_o man_n may_v have_v perform_v several_a adventure_n which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reduce_v under_o any_o one_o and_o simple_a head_n this_o reduce_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o unity_n and_o simplicity_n be_v what_o poet._n horace_n likewise_o make_v his_o first_o rule_n according_a to_o these_o rule_n then_o it_o will_v be_v allowable_a to_o make_v use_n of_o several_a fable_n or_o to_o speak_v more_o correct_o of_o several_a incident_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a fable_n provide_v they_o be_v so_o order_v that_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o fable_n be_v not_o spoil_v thereby_o this_o liberty_n be_v still_o great_a in_o the_o epic_a poem_n because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n than_o ordinary_a poem_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v entire_a and_o complete_a i_o will_v explain_v myself_o more_o distinct_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o poet_n no_o doubt_n but_o one_o may_v make_v four_o distinct_a fable_n out_o of_o these_o four_o follow_a instruction_n 1._o division_n between_o those_o of_o the_o same_o party_n expose_v they_o to_o the_o fury_n of_o their_o enemy_n 2._o conceal_v your_o weakness_n and_o you_o will_v be_v dread_v as_o much_o as_o if_o you_o have_v none_o of_o these_o imperfection_n which_o they_o know_v nothing_o of_o 3._o when_o your_o strength_n be_v only_o feign_v and_o found_v only_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o never_o venture_v so_o far_o as_o if_o your_o strength_n be_v real_a 4._o the_o more_o you_o agree_v together_o the_o less_o hurt_n will_v your_o enemy_n do_v you_o it_o be_v plain_a i_o say_v that_o each_o of_o these_o particular_a maxim_n may_v serve_v for_o the_o groundwork_n of_o a_o fiction_n and_o one_o may_v make_v four_o distinct_a fable_n out_o of_o they_o may_v not_o a_o man_n therefore_o put_v all_o these_o into_o one_o single_a epopéa_n no_o our_o master_n forbid_v that_o unless_o he_o can_v make_v one_o single_a fable_n out_o of_o they_o all_o but_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o forbid_v it_o if_o the_o poet_n have_v so_o much_o skill_n as_o to_o unite_v all_o into_o one_o body_n as_o member_n and_o part_n each_o of_o which_o take_v asunder_o will_v be_v imperfect_a and_o if_o he_o join_v they_o so_o as_o that_o this_o conjunction_n shall_v be_v no_o hindrance_n at_o all_o to_o the_o unity_n and_o the_o regular_a simplicity_n of_o the_o fable_n this_o be_v what_o homer_n have_v do_v with_o such_o success_n in_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o iliad_n 1._o the_o division_n between_o achilles_n and_o his_o ally_n tend_v to_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o design_n 2._o patroclus_n come_v to_o their_o relief_n in_o the_o armour_n of_o this_o hero_n and_o hector_z retreats_z 3._o but_o this_o young_a man_n push_v the_o advantage_n which_o his_o disguise_n give_v he_o too_o far_o venture_v to_o engage_v with_o hector_n himself_o but_o not_o be_v master_n of_o achilles_n '_o s_o strength_n who_o be_v only_o represent_v in_o outward_a appearance_n he_o be_v kill_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n leave_v the_o grecian_a affair_n in_o the_o same_o disorder_n which_o he_o in_o that_o disguise_n come_v to_o free_v they_o from_o 4._o achilles_n provoke_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v reconcile_v and_o revenge_n his_o loss_n by_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n these_o various_a incident_n be_v thus_o unite_v together_o do_v not_o make_v different_a action_n and_o fable_n but_o be_v only_o the_o uncompleat_a and_o unfinished_a part_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n and_o fable_n which_o alone_o can_v only_o be_v say_v to_o be_v complete_a and_o entire_a and_o all_o these_o maxim_n of_o the_o moral_a be_v easy_o reduce_v into_o these_o two_o part_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n can_v be_v separate_v without_o enervate_v the_o force_n of_o both_o the_o two_o part_n be_v these_o jug_n that_o a_o right_a understanding_n be_v the_o preservation_n and_o discord_n the_o destruction_n of_o state_n though_o then_o our_o poet_n have_v make_v use_n of_o two_o part_n in_o their_o poem_n each_o of_o which_o may_v have_v serve_v for_o a_o fable_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v yet_o this_o multiplication_n can_v be_v call_v a_o vicious_a and_o irregular_a polymythia_n contrary_a to_o the_o necessary_a unity_n and_o simplicity_n of_o the_o fable_n but_o it_o give_v the_o fable_n another_o qualification_n altogether_o as_o necessary_a and_o as_o regular_a namely_o its_o perfection_n and_o finish_v stroke_n there_o be_v fable_n which_o natural_o contain_v in_o they_o a_o great_a many_o part_n each_o of_o which_o may_v make_v a_o exact_a fable_n and_o there_o be_v likewise_o action_n of_o the_o very_a same_o nature_n the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v of_o this_o kind_n for_o homer_n be_v willing_a to_o instruct_v a_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n can_v not_o do_v it_o without_o multiply_v instruction_n and_o this_o prince_n travel_n into_o country_n quite_o different_a from_o each_o other_o be_v likewise_o different_a action_n this_o multiplication_n of_o instruction_n and_o incident_n be_v extreme_o approve_v of_o by_o horace_n he_o commend_v the_o poet._n adventure_n of_o antiphates_n polypheme_n charybdis_n circe_n the_o siren_n and_o other_o still_v they_o the_o miracle_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n one_o may_v likewise_o multiply_v the_o fable_n another_o way_n by_o mix_v with_o it_o some_o other_o fable_n which_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a one_o but_o only_o a_o species_n of_o it_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o apply_v to_o some_o point_n that_o be_v chief_o specify_v the_o moral_a instruction_n which_o the_o action_n contain_v in_o general_n homer_n have_v leave_v we_o a_o example_n of_o this_o in_o the_o fable_n of_o vulcan_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o iliad_n the_o general_n instruction_n be_v that_o discord_n be_v a_o prejudice_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o they_o who_o quarrel_n and_o this_o story_n of_o vulcan_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o injury_n which_o the_o fall_a out_o of_o parent_n do_v their_o child_n jupiter_n and_o juno_n quarrel_n their_o son_n vulcan_n be_v for_o persuade_v his_o mother_n to_o submit_v to_o her_o lord_n and_o husband_n because_o he_o be_v most_o powerful_a you_o know_v say_v he_o what_o befall_v i_o for_o endeavour_v once_o to_o protect_v you_o from_o the_o rage_n of_o jupiter_n he_o take_v i_o by_o the_o heel_n and_o throw_v i_o headlong_o from_o his_o battlement_n and_o i_o carry_v the_o mark_n of_o it_o still_o about_o i_o this_o fable_n be_v quite_o distinct_a from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o main_a action_n for_o the_o quarrel_n between_o jupiter_n and_o juno_n which_o cost_v vulcan_n so_o dear_a have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o grecian_a affair_n it_o be_v likewise_o comprise_v in_o five_o line_n chap._n xviii_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o unity_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o regular_a or_o vicious_a multiplication_n that_o may_v be_v make_v thereof_o depend_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n upon_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n and_o upon_o the_o episodes_n so_o we_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o thereof_o in_o another_o place_n but_o in_o this_o and_o many_o other_o point_n the_o examen_fw-la of_o our_o author_n and_o those_o particular_a instruction_n one_o may_v descend_v to_o for_o a_o exact_a understanding_n of_o this_o doctrine_n will_v never_o be_v at_o end_n and_o though_o
suffer_v he_o to_o be_v reconcile_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o grecian_n and_o the_o despair_n of_o agamemnon_n prepare_v for_o a_o solution_n by_o the_o satisfaction_n which_o the_o incense_a hero_n receive_v from_o it_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n join_v to_o the_o offer_v of_o agamemnon_n which_o alone_o have_v prove_v ineffectual_a remove_v this_o difficulty_n and_o make_v the_o unravel_n of_o the_o first_o part._n this_o death_n be_v likewise_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o part_n since_o it_o put_v achilles_n upon_o the_o design_n of_o revenge_a himself_o on_o hector_n but_o the_o design_n of_o hector_n be_v opposite_a to_o that_o of_o achilles_n this_o trojan_a hero_n be_v valiant_a and_o resolve_v to_o stand_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n this_o valour_n and_o resolution_n of_o hector_n be_v on_o his_o account_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o intrigue_n all_o the_o endeavour_n achilles_n use_v to_o meet_v with_o hector_n and_o be_v the_o death_n of_o he_o and_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n of_o the_o trojan_a to_o keep_v out_o of_o his_o reach_n and_o defend_v himself_o be_v the_o intrigue_n which_o comprehend_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o last_o day_n the_o vnravel_v begin_v at_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o contain_v the_o insult_a of_o achilles_n over_o his_o body_n the_o honour_n he_o pay_v to_o patroclus_n and_o the_o entreaty_n of_o king_n priam._n the_o regret_v of_o this_o king_n and_o the_o other_o trojan_n in_o the_o sorrowful_a obsequy_n they_o pay_v to_o hector_n body_n end_v the_o vnravel_n they_o justify_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o achilles_n and_o demonstrate_v his_o tranquillity_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v the_o return_n of_o ulysses_n into_o ithaca_n neptune_n oppose_v it_o by_o raise_v tempest_n and_o this_o make_v the_o intrigue_n the_o vnravel_v be_v the_o arrival_n of_o ulysses_n upon_o his_o own_o island_n where_o neptune_n can_v offer_v he_o no_o far_o injury_n the_o second_o part_n be_v the_o reinstating_a this_o hero_n in_o his_o own_o government_n the_o prince_n that_o be_v his_o rival_n oppose_v he_o and_o this_o be_v a_o fresh_a intrigue_n the_o solution_n thereof_o begin_v at_o their_o death_n and_o be_v complete_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o ithacan_n be_v appease_v these_o two_o part_n in_o the_o odysseïs_n have_v not_o one_o common_a intrigue_n as_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o two_o other_o poem_n the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n form_n both_o the_o intrigue_n in_o the_o iliad_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o epopéa_n that_o the_o very_a beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o poem_n depend_v on_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o this_o anger_n but_o let_v the_o desire_n achilles_n have_v to_o revenge_v himself_o and_o the_o desire_n ulysses_n have_v to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n be_v never_o so_o near_o akin_a yet_o we_o can_v place_v they_o under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o notion_n for_o the_o love_n of_o ulysses_n be_v not_o a_o passion_n that_o begin_v and_o end_v in_o the_o poem_n with_o the_o action_n it_o be_v a_o natural_a habit_n nor_o do_v the_o poet_n propose_v it_o for_o his_o subject_n as_o he_o do_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n virgil_n have_v divide_v his_o poem_n as_o homer_n do_v his_o odysseïs_n the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o voyage_n and_o arrival_n of_o aeneas_n in_o italy_n the_o second_o be_v his_o establishment_n there_o but_o he_o have_v connect_v these_o two_o great_a episodes_n better_a by_o give_v they_o a_o common_a intrigue_n he_o do_v not_o take_v for_o his_o first_o intrigue_n a_o deity_n who_o can_v act_v no_o where_o but_o by_o sea_n as_o neptune_n but_o 6._o make_v choice_n of_o juno_n the_o goddess_n of_o the_o air_n who_o have_v a_o equal_a power_n over_o sea_n and_o land_n she_o oppose_v the_o voyage_n of_o this_o hero_n and_o it_o be_v she_o likewise_o that_o oppose_v his_o settlement_n this_o opposition_n than_o be_v the_o general_n intrigue_n of_o the_o whole_a action_n the_o solution_n be_v over_o when_o 12._o juno_n be_v appease_v by_o jupiter_n the_o principal_a intrigue_n of_o the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o design_n of_o dido_n and_o the_o endeavour_n she_o use_v to_o keep_v aeneas_n still_o at_o carthage_n the_o complaint_n of_o jarbas_n the_o order_n mercury_n bring_v aeneas_n to_o be_v go_v and_o the_o re-fitting_a of_o the_o trojan_a fleet_n be_v preparation_n for_o the_o vnravel_a which_o begin_v at_o the_o departure_n of_o aeneas_n when_o he_o 4._o cut_v the_o cable_n which_o hold_v his_o ship_n at_o anchor_n dido_n may_v have_v do_v more_o mischief_n to_o aeneas_n either_o by_o pursue_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o be_v revenge_v on_o he_o or_o by_o follow_v he_o as_o his_o wife_n and_o though_o she_o stay_v still_o at_o africa_n whatever_o liberty_n man_n have_v in_o those_o day_n of_o put_v away_o one_o wife_n and_o marry_v another_o yet_o the_o poet_n have_v make_v he_o too_o honest_a a_o man_n than_o to_o allow_v he_o two_o wife_n live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n let_v case_n stand_v how_o they_o will_v yet_o aeneas_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o dido_n and_o to_o apply_v the_o prophecy_n of_o sibyl_n to_o himself_o 6._o which_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o misfortune_n he_o be_v to_o suffer_v shall_v be_v another_o foreign_a wife_n that_o shall_v entertain_v the_o trojan_n and_o be_v ravish_v from_o another_o man_n bed_n upon_o this_o account_n she_o must_v needs_o die_v and_o aeneas_n be_v certify_v of_o her_o death_n so_o that_o this_o vnravel_v be_v not_o complete_a till_o the_o six_o book_n 6._o where_o aeneas_n meet_v with_o the_o ghost_n of_o this_o unhappy_a queen_n in_o the_o shade_n below_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o second_o part_n be_v form_v out_o of_o the_o love_n and_o ambition_n of_o turnus_n who_o be_v countenance_v by_o the_o authority_n and_o passion_n of_o the_o queen_n amata_n the_o article_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v propose_v in_o the_o eleven_o book_n and_o which_o be_v swear_v to_o in_o the_o twelve_o prepare_v for_o the_o vnravel_v the_o death_n of_o amata_n begin_v and_o the_o death_n of_o turnus_n finish_v it_o after_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o principal_a intrigue_n the_o rest_n be_v easy_o discern_v there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o as_o there_o be_v great_a and_o small_a episodes_n chap._n fourteen_o the_o way_n of_o form_v the_o plot_n or_o intrigue_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o intrigue_n and_o the_o vnravel_v thereof_o let_v we_o now_o say_v something_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o form_v both_o and_o this_o we_o shall_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o poet_n which_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o two_o thing_n shall_v arise_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o very_a essence_n and_o subject_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v deduce_v thence_o their_o conduct_n be_v so_o exact_a and_o natural_a that_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o their_o action_n have_v present_v they_o with_o whatever_o they_o insert_v therein_o without_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o trouble_v of_o a_o far_a enquiry_n what_o be_v more_o usual_a and_o proper_a among_o warrior_n than_o anger_n heat_v passion_n and_o impatience_n of_o bear_v the_o least_o affront_v and_o disrespect_n this_o be_v what_o form_n the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o iliad_n and_o every_o thing_n we_o read_v there_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o humour_n and_o these_o passion_n what_o more_o natural_a and_o usual_a obstacle_n do_v they_o who_o take_v voyage_n meet_v with_o than_o the_o sea_n the_o wind_n and_o the_o storm_n homer_n make_v this_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n and_o for_o the_o second_o he_o make_v use_v of_o the_o almost_o infallible_a effect_n of_o the_o long_a absence_n of_o a_o master_n who_o return_n be_v quite_o despair_v of_o viz._n the_o insolence_n of_o his_o servant_n and_o neighbour_n the_o danger_n his_o son_n and_o wife_n be_v in_o and_o the_o sequestration_n of_o his_o estate_n beside_o a_o absence_n of_o almost_o 20_o year_n and_o the_o insupportable_a fatigue_n join_v to_o the_o age_n ulysses_n be_v then_o of_o may_v induce_v he_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v own_a by_o those_o that_o think_v he_o dead_a and_o who_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o have_v he_o be_v real_o so_o therefore_o if_o he_o have_v present_o declare_v who_o he_o be_v and_o have_v call_v himself_o ulysses_n they_o will_v easy_o have_v make_v away_o with_o he_o as_o a_o impostor_n before_o he_o have_v have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v himself_o know_v to_o they_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a nor_o more_o necessary_a than_o this_o ingenious_a disguise_n to_o which_o the_o advantage_n which_o his_o enemy_n have_v take_v of_o his_o absence_n have_v
parricide_n and_o become_v miserable_a blind_a and_o a_o exile_n cinna_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v condemn_v and_o look_n for_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o cruel_a punishment_n and_o contrary_a to_o his_o expectation_n he_o be_v free_v from_o death_n reestablish_v in_o his_o preferment_n and_o make_v master_n of_o aemylia_n sometime_o these_o two_o contrary_a turn_v of_o fortune_n happen_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n as_o in_o heraclius_n phocas_n be_v dethrone_v when_o he_o think_v himself_o settle_v in_o a_o sure_a post_n and_o heraclius_n step_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o tyrant_n who_o be_v go_v to_o visit_v the_o other_o world_n but_o let_v this_o turn_v be_v what_o it_o will_v double_a or_o single_a fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a it_o be_v still_o call_v a_o peripetia_n sometime_o it_o happen_v by_o the_o discovery_n of_o one_o or_o more_o person_n which_o till_o then_o be_v unknown_a as_o in_o oedipus_n and_o heraclius_n sometime_o without_o any_o discovery_n as_o in_o cinna_n but_o let_v the_o matter_n end_n which_o way_n it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o peripetia_n without_o a_o discovery_n or_o a_o discovery_n without_o a_o peripetia_n or_o both_o together_o this_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o action_n which_o we_o call_v implex_n or_o mix_v but_o if_o the_o vnravel_a be_v without_o a_o discovery_n and_o without_o a_o peripetia_n if_o it_o be_v a_o simple_a pass_v from_o trouble_n and_o action_n to_o quiet_a and_o repose_v than_o these_o action_n and_o fable_n be_v call_v single_a one_o sometime_o likewise_o by_o a_o sub-division_n of_o the_o fable_n wherein_o be_v a_o peripetia_n aristotle_n have_v call_v those_o single_a where_o the_o peripetia_n be_v single_a and_o only_o of_o one_o sort_n as_o in_o cinna_n and_o those_o double_a where_o the_o peripetia_n be_v double_a as_o in_o heraclius_n according_a to_o this_o last_o division_n the_o fable_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n be_v double_v because_o the_o vnravel_n of_o the_o intrigue_n make_v ulysses_n and_o his_o party_n pass_v from_o a_o miserable_a to_o a_o honourable_a state_n and_o cast_v his_o rival_n from_o their_o merriment_n to_o a_o shameful_a death_n 24._o this_o action_n than_o be_v likewise_o implex_n it_o be_v not_o only_o unravel_v by_o this_o double_a peripetia_n but_o likewise_o by_o the_o discovery_n of_o ulysses_n there_o be_v neither_o a_o discovery_n nor_o a_o peripetia_n in_o the_o iliad_n two_o general_n of_o the_o same_o party_n fall_v out_o and_o then_o agree_v after_o they_o have_v both_o suffer_v considerable_a loss_n achilles_n lose_v his_o friend_n patroclus_n and_o agamemnon_z his_o glory_n and_o authority_n he_o be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o trojan_n and_o force_v to_o submit_v to_o his_o inferior_a achilles_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n and_o to_o give_v he_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o second_o part_n too_o enemy_n fight_n and_o he_o who_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o know_v himself_o so_o be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o kill_v this_o action_n than_o be_v whole_o single_a there_o be_v no_o more_o complexedness_n in_o the_o plot_n of_o the_o aeneid_n than_o in_o those_o of_o the_o iliad_n dido_n who_o come_v to_o so_o miserable_a a_o death_n be_v not_o more_o fortunate_a before_o that_o catastrophe_n her_o love_n for_o aeneas_n fill_v she_o at_o first_o with_o trouble_n and_o disquiet_v her_o marriage_n increase_v both_o and_o add_v thereto_o the_o dismal_a fear_n whereby_o she_o foresee_v her_o loss_n and_o all_o the_o horror_n of_o her_o death_n 4._o if_o she_o have_v any_o good_a fortune_n when_o she_o revenge_v her_o first_o husband_n punish_v the_o treachery_n of_o her_o brother_n and_o be_v establish_v so_o glorious_o all_o this_o happen_v before_o the_o trojan_n arrive_v at_o carthage_n and_o by_o consequence_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o action_n can_v not_o make_v a_o peripetia_n nothing_o pass_v between_o aeneas_n and_o turnus_n that_o be_v more_o complexed_a than_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o achilles_n and_o hector_n so_o that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v altogether_o simple_a without_o a_o peripetia_n or_o a_o discovery_n not_o that_o the_o aeneid_n be_v absolute_o without_o a_o peripetia_n there_o be_v some_o in_o the_o lesser_a episodes_n in_o the_o fight_n with_o whirlbat_n entellus_n be_v knock_v down_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o antagonist_n every_o one_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o vanquish_v and_o dares_n begin_v to_o triumph_v but_o when_o rage_n have_v restore_v this_o old_a combatant_n the_o force_n which_o age_n have_v rob_v he_o of_o on_o a_o sudden_a he_o leap_v up_o and_o dare_v find_v himself_o so_o overmatched_a and_o so_o confound_v that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v the_o least_o resistance_n but_o the_o quality_n of_o these_o episodes_n make_v nothing_o against_o the_o entire_a action_n the_o fable_n proper_o speak_v be_v only_o complex_fw-la when_o the_o peripetia_n or_o discovery_n happen_v in_o the_o main_a vnravel_v which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n i_o shall_v not_o stay_v here_o to_o enumerate_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o discovery_n aristotle_n have_v mention_v there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o aeneid_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o i_o chief_o write_v and_o elsewhere_o this_o subject_n be_v common_o handle_v in_o the_o rule_n man_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o dramatic_a poem_n where_o be_v the_o most_o occasion_n for_o they_o but_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n it_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o the_o vnravel_a and_o a_o part_n or_o a_o necessary_a qualification_n of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o poem_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n that_o which_o we_o call_v here_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n be_v the_o very_a last_o passage_n from_o agitation_n and_o trouble_v to_o quiet_a and_o repose_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o the_o vnravel_a and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o action_n this_o last_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o moment_n without_o extent_n and_o duration_n but_o the_o first_o be_v of_o some_o length_n since_o it_o comprehend_v all_o that_o happen_v after_o the_o plot._n beside_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o vnravel_v in_o a_o poem_n because_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o intrigue_n all_o that_o be_v before_o the_o last_o make_v no_o kind_n of_o cessation_n but_o start_v up_o new_a difficulty_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n than_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o vnravel_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o than_o one._n this_o doctrine_n be_v a_o consequence_n of_o that_o which_o we_o lay_v down_o concern_v episodes_n none_o of_o they_o as_o we_o urge_v shall_v be_v entire_a and_o only_o the_o last_o can_v be_v regular_o finish_v a_o great_a many_o conclusion_n than_o be_v no_o where_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o episodical_a poem_n as_o in_o the_o thebay_n of_o statius_n where_o he_o have_v finish_v the_o story_n of_o hypsipyle_n but_o now_o for_o some_o better_a instance_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o two_o poet_n the_o first_o part_n of_o virgil_n poem_n be_v the_o voyage_n of_o aeneas_n from_o troy_n to_o italy_n the_o plot_n be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o get_v thither_o and_o the_o opposition_n of_o juno_n who_o raise_v storm_n and_o other_o obstaole_n against_o he_o the_o vnravel_v begin_v at_o the_o last_o voyage_n of_o the_o hero_n from_o sicily_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o the_o five_o book_n to_o italy_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o tiber_n where_o he_o arrive_v in_o the_o six_o and_o seven_o book_n this_o vnravel_v 7._o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n of_o the_o voyage_n but_o do_v it_o put_v a_o end_n to_o all_o the_o trouble_n and_o danger_n of_o aeneas_n no_o 6._o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o cast_v he_o upon_o great_a it_o leave_v he_o not_o in_o repose_n but_o put_v he_o upon_o more_o action_n and_o more_o business_n than_o ever_o he_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o the_o conclusion_n the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o always_o join_v to_o the_o solution_n of_o that_o intrigue_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v most_o general_a as_o be_v the_o design_n of_o juno_n in_o the_o aeneid_n this_o goddess_n give_v over_o act_v but_o aeneas_n do_v not_o he_o have_v still_o turnus_n to_o deal_v withal_o in_o a_o word_n since_o the_o poet_n do_v not_o sing_v the_o action_n of_o juno_n but_o of_o aeneas_n the_o poem_n and_o the_o action_n remain_v still_o unfinished_a even_o when_o this_o divine_a enemy_n have_v give_v over_o all_o the_o conclusion_n than_o be_v include_v in_o the_o death_n of_o turnus_n because_o that_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o action_n of_o aeneas_n it_o be_v true_a that_o even_o than_o aeneas_n have_v not_o quite_o execute_v his_o design_n he_o have_v not_o build_v
name_v no_o god_n in_o particular_a but_o address_n himself_o to_o all_o who_o have_v contribute_v to_o the_o miraculous_a transformation_n he_o be_v about_o to_o describe_v the_o poet_n conor_fw-la lucretius_n do_v the_o same_o in_o his_o poem_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n he_o call_v upon_o venus_n because_o she_o preside_v over_o the_o production_n of_o nature_n this_o be_v likewise_o what_o virgil_n have_v do_v in_o his_o georgic_n he_o name_v in_o particular_a all_o the_o god_n who_o be_v concern_v with_o husbandry_n and_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v afraid_a of_o omit_v any_o one_o tueri_fw-la he_o call_v upon_o they_o all_o in_o general_n but_o both_o he_o and_o homer_n have_v leave_v we_o another_o kind_n of_o a_o example_n in_o their_o epic_a poem_n they_o have_v call_v upon_o the_o muse_n and_o so_o they_o have_v distinguish_v the_o deity_n which_o preside_v over_o poesy_n from_o those_o that_o preside_v over_o the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o be_v the_o personage_n that_o act_n in_o they_o beside_o we_o be_v not_o to_o imagine_v that_o these_o divirity_n which_o they_o invoke_v be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o poet_n themselves_o as_o divine_a person_n from_o who_o they_o expect_v any_o real_a assistance_n under_o this_o name_n of_o muse_n they_o wish_v for_o that_o genius_n of_o poesy_n and_o all_o those_o qualification_n and_o circumstance_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o execute_v their_o design_n this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o allegorical_a and_o poetical_a way_n of_o expression_n as_o when_o they_o say_v the_o god_n of_o sleep_n the_o goddess_n of_o fame_n and_o the_o like_a there_o be_v likewise_o muse_n of_o all_o age_n country_n and_o religion_n there_o be_v christian_a as_o well_o as_o pagan_a muse_n there_o be_v greek_a latin_a french_a and_o english_a muse_n there_o be_v new_a one_o too_o which_o begin_v every_o day_n to_o appear_v in_o behalf_n of_o those_o who_o disdain_v the_o threadbare_a antiquity_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o invent_v thing_n whole_o new_a when_o virgil_n write_v his_o eclogue_n he_o invoke_v the_o 10._o sicilian_a muse_n because_o he_o imitate_v theocritus_n and_o this_o sicilian_a poet_n come_v off_o so_o well_o put_v the_o latin_a poet_n upon_o wish_v for_o as_o lucky_a a_o genius_n as_o this_o islander_n have_v the_o muse_n of_o the_o philosopher_n lucretius_n be_v 3._o new_a and_o have_v inspire_v none_o before_o he_o none_o have_v as_o yet_o enter_v the_o garden_n where_o this_o epicurean_a poet_n gather_v so_o many_o immortal_a flower_n and_o the_o water_n of_o his_o poetical_a fountain_n be_v such_o as_o former_a poet_n have_v never_o quench_v their_o thirst_n with_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o ever_o taste_v of_o the_o sweet_n of_o they_o but_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o author_n leave_v no_o room_n to_o doubt_v what_o sort_n of_o god_n they_o be_v that_o he_o invoke_v at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o poem_n when_o he_o have_v address_v himself_o to_o venus_n as_o a_o goddess_n who_o manage_v the_o whole_a concern_v of_o natural_a thing_n about_o which_o he_o be_v go_v to_o treat_v he_o presently-informs_a we_o etc._n that_o the_o god_n never_o concern_v themselves_o with_o what_o be_v do_v below_o this_o be_v the_o main_a principle_n of_o his_o whole_a treatise_n and_o malorum_fw-la religion_n in_o his_o account_n be_v a_o error_n that_o impose_v upon_o we_o what_o then_o be_v these_o muse_n and_o this_o venus_n to_o which_o he_o address_v himself_o have_v he_o invoke_v the_o deity_n to_o inspire_v he_o with_o that_o with_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v inspire_v he_o and_o do_v he_o entreat_v they_o to_o teach_v he_o that_o it_o be_v a_o error_n to_o pray_v to_o they_o and_o a_o mistake_n to_o expect_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o other_o poet_n be_v not_o so_o unreasonable_a and_o 34._o horace_n who_o for_o some_o time_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n may_v well_o call_v this_o epicurean_a wisdom_n downright_a folly_n we_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n by_o a_o short_a recapitulation_n of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v observe_v about_o the_o invocation_n and_o from_o thence_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o invocation_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o the_o proposition_n or_o may_v be_v separate_v from_o it_o that_o it_o be_v always_o a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o prayer_n address_v to_o the_o allegorical_a genius_n of_o poesy_n under_o the_o name_n of_o muse_n or_o some_o one_o else_o by_o who_o the_o poet_n beg_v to_o be_v inspire_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o only_o in_o a_o part_n of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v undertake_v to_o relate_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n or_o the_o narration_n proper_o so_o call_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n which_o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v of_o be_v nothing_o but_o introduction_n into_o it_o let_v we_o now_o inquire_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o call_v the_o naration_n and_o in_o short_a this_o narration_n be_v the_o recital_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v of_o his_o entire_a action_n episodize_v with_o all_o its_o circumstance_n and_o all_o its_o decoration_n it_o be_v in_o this_o part_n we_o be_v to_o look_v for_o the_o beginning_n the_o middle_a and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n this_o be_v it_o which_o inform_v we_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o we_o read_v in_o this_o be_v propose_v in_o this_o be_v unravel_v all_o the_o plot_n and_o intrigue_n in_o this_o the_o personage_n whether_o divine_a or_o humane_a aught_o to_o demonstrate_v their_o interest_n their_o manner_n and_o their_o quality_n by_o their_o action_n and_o discourse_n and_o all_o this_o must_v be_v describe_v with_o the_o beauty_n the_o majesty_n and_o the_o force_n of_o verse_n of_o style_n of_o thought_n of_o simile_n and_o of_o other_o ornament_n that_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o subject_a in_o general_n and_o to_o each_o single_a thing_n in_o particular_a we_o have_v speak_v already_o to_o some_o of_o these_o thing_n and_o shall_v say_v something_o more_o about_o they_o in_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n but_o in_o this_o we_o shall_v consider_v first_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o narration_n second_o the_o order_n our_o poet_n have_v observe_v therein_o and_o three_o its_o duration_n that_o be_v how_o long_a time_n they_o have_v assign_v to_o the_o adventure_n which_o they_o themselves_o have_v relate_v in_o each_o of_o their_o poem_n for_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v how_o much_o time_n they_o assign_v to_o the_o entire_a action_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o qualification_n of_o the_o narration_n it_o must_v be_v pleasant_a probable_a move_a marvellous_a and_o active_a we_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o these_o property_n when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o fable_n and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o epopéa_n from_o whence_o we_o take_v they_o so_o that_o without_o insist_v any_o long_o upon_o these_o proof_n we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o consider_v wherein_o these_o qualification_n do_v consist_v and_o what_o we_o be_v persuade_v homer_n and_o virgil_n have_v do_v to_o establish_v they_o in_o the_o poem_n poet._n horace_n speak_v of_o the_o profitable_a and_o the_o pleasant_a in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o treat_v of_o they_o both_o alike_o but_o we_o fancy_n if_o that_o have_v be_v his_o design_n he_o have_v more_o regard_n to_o poesy_n in_o general_n than_o to_o the_o epic_a poem_n in_o particular_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o last_o we_o say_v that_o the_o profitable_a be_v a_o property_n essential_a to_o the_o epic_a narration_n whereas_o the_o pleasant_a be_v only_o a_o mode_n or_o qualification_n of_o it_o for_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o fable_n which_o be_v the_o very_a soul_n of_o the_o epopéa_n be_v only_o invent_v to_o instruct_v man_n that_o the_o profitable_a be_v not_o make_v use_n of_o to_o please_v people_n but_o that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o pleasant_a be_v insert_v to_o procure_v a_o more_o favourable_a reception_n of_o the_o instruction_n which_o the_o fable_n contain_v so_o that_o the_o profitable_a belong_v not_o to_o any_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o poem_n but_o to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o epopéa_n and_o of_o the_o fable_n in_o general_n i_o be_o satisfy_v then_o with_o what_o i_o say_v about_o it_o in_o the_o first_o book_n where_o i_o think_v it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o speak_v of_o it_o than_o to_o join_v it_o with_o the_o pleasant_a here_o beside_o it_o be_v essential_a as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v it_o will_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o a_o great_a many_o passage_n since_o all_o suppose_v it_o chap._n vi_o how_o the_o narration_n be_v pleasant_a pleasantry_n in_o the_o epic_a narration_n be_v a_o
necessary_a qualification_n which_o engage_v we_o to_o read_v the_o poem_n with_o some_o sort_n of_o delight_n tho'_o excite_v by_o the_o most_o terrible_a the_o most_o violent_a and_o the_o most_o afflict_a passion_n the_o effect_n may_v arise_v either_o from_o the_o poem_n alone_o or_o from_o that_o relation_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v between_o his_o auditor_n and_o his_o personage_n and_o the_o interest_n which_o he_o make_v the_o first_o to_o have_v in_o the_o action_n he_o relate_v statius_n robe_v himself_o of_o this_o advantage_n when_o not_o regard_v the_o roman_n for_o who_o he_o write_v he_o must_v needs_o hunt_v for_o his_o subject_n in_o country_n and_o state_n who_o manner_n and_o custom_n bear_v no_o relation_n to_o those_o of_o his_o reader_n and_o wherein_o they_o have_v not_o the_o least_o interest_n homer_n have_v make_v a_o better_a choice_n and_o have_v better_a dispose_v of_o his_o action_n and_o if_o virgil_n have_v not_o be_v more_o careful_a than_o homer_n yet_o at_o least_o he_o have_v have_v infinite_o more_o luck_n than_o he_o but_o we_o say_v enough_o of_o this_o in_o the_o first_o book_n the_o pleasantry_n which_o the_o poem_n afford_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n independent_o from_o the_o auditor_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o arise_v from_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o verse_n of_o the_o style_n and_o of_o the_o thought_n other_o depend_v upon_o the_o person_n that_o be_v introduce_v into_o the_o poem_n upon_o their_o manner_n their_o passion_n and_o their_o interest_n right_o manage_v and_o the_o three_o sort_n consist_v in_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v describe_v and_o in_o the_o way_n of_o propose_v they_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o sort_n in_o our_o last_o book_n wherein_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o thought_n and_o expression_n in_o this_o book_n we_o shall_v allow_v a_o whole_a chapter_n to_o the_o passion_n and_o all_o the_o next_o book_n will_v be_v about_o the_o manner_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n let_v we_o consider_v they_o here_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o all_o the_o person_n introduce_v into_o a_o poem_n shall_v have_v divide_v and_o particular_a interest_n therein_o not_o only_o their_o great_a number_n exempt_v they_o from_o it_o but_o likewise_o a_o multitude_n of_o interest_n will_v too_o much_o annoy_v and_o subvert_v the_o pleasure_n we_o be_v discourse_v of_o it_o confound_v the_o hearer_n mind_n it_o over_o charge_v his_o memory_n and_o make_v he_o less_o capable_a of_o those_o motion_n with_o which_o we_o will_v have_v he_o affect_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o thing_n we_o have_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o remember_v the_o more_o sedate_v and_o attentive_a aught_o we_o to_o be_v for_o fear_v of_o lose_v any_o necessary_a thing_n and_o when_o any_o such_o thing_n escape_v we_o we_o take_v but_o little_a pleasure_n in_o hear_v that_o which_o we_o have_v no_o far_a understanding_n of_o but_o there_o must_v be_v care_n likewise_o take_v that_o no_o action_n or_o adventure_n of_o any_o length_n be_v describe_v without_o interest_v person_n 3._o the_o recital_n which_o achemenides_n make_v of_o that_o which_o happen_v to_o ulysses_n in_o polypheme'_v den_n take_v up_o no_o more_o than_o forty_o verse_n this_o wretched_a grecian_a have_v a_o great_a interest_n therein_o but_o since_o he_o be_v but_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a personage_n in_o this_o poem_n virgil_n provide_v that_o aeneas_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o cyclops_n where_o he_o may_v in_o safety_n hear_v this_o adventure_n but_o all_o this_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o port_n and_o upon_o the_o very_a coast_n where_o the_o trojan_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o suffer_v the_o same_o fate_n with_o the_o companion_n of_o ulysses_n so_o that_o achemenides_n speak_v as_o well_o in_o their_o behalf_n as_o his_o own_o and_o in_o conclusion_n say_v rumpite_fw-la that_o they_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o stay_v to_o weigh_v anchor_n but_o cut_v the_o cable_n that_o detain_v they_o merito_fw-la aeneas_n for_o his_o part_n own_v himself_o oblige_v to_o he_o without_o these_o engagement_n these_o adventure_n be_v languish_v and_o make_v those_o that_o hear_v they_o languish_v too_o but_o the_o reader_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o know_v what_o any_o person_n shall_v say_v or_o do_v in_o a_o adventure_n wherein_o he_o have_v some_o interest_n this_o be_v more_o apparent_a in_o the_o theatre_n from_o whence_o the_o want_n of_o interest_n have_v exclude_v the_o narration_n of_o the_o chorus_n and_o of_o such_o actor_n as_o be_v only_o to_o tell_v what_o pass_v behind_o the_o scene_n after_o oedipus_n be_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o parent_n and_o his_o crime_n the_o spectator_n be_v not_o very_o eager_a to_o know_v what_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o old_a corinthian_a and_o the_o theban_a phorbas_n be_v nor_o do_v they_o take_v any_o delight_n in_o hear_v they_o but_o they_o can_v hear_v oedipus_n and_o jocasta_n without_o application_n and_o attention_n as_o much_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o manner_n and_o the_o passion_n which_o be_v the_o second_o sore_n of_o pleasantry_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o cold_a and_o disgustful_a than_o to_o see_v personage_n of_o no_o character_n good_a painter_n give_v this_o to_o all_o their_o draught_n and_o represent_v they_o either_o passionate_a or_o attentive_a upon_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o such_o as_o be_v most_o lively_a and_o have_v most_o of_o the_o character_n upon_o they_o be_v the_o most_o delightful_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o get_v most_o credit_n to_o their_o master_n erit_fw-la it_o be_v just_a with_o poetry_n as_o with_o paint_v the_o three_o sort_n comprehend_v the_o pleasantry_n which_o the_o thing_n themselves_o furnish_v we_o with_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n be_v pleasant_a namely_o such_o as_o be_v important_a and_o marvellous_a as_o war_n and_o other_o great_a adventure_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o collect_v without_o choice_n and_o judgement_n nor_o carry_v on_o to_o a_o extreme_a but_o judicious_a and_o well_o manage_v other_o there_o be_v that_o be_v cold_a and_o insipid_a and_o great_a skill_n must_v be_v use_v to_o manage_v they_o with_o success_n the_o best_a way_n in_o such_o case_n be_v to_o follow_v poet._n horace_n rule_n to_o examine_v those_o incident_n and_o one_o own_o strength_n and_o to_o study_v they_o and_o know_v himself_o so_o well_o as_o to_o undertake_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v proportionate_a to_o his_o genius_n and_o strength_n if_o a_o author_n distrust_v himself_o in_o any_o thing_n it_o be_v best_a let_v it_o alone_o dogmatical_a thing_n be_v general_o dry_a and_o insipid_a of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n and_o the_o pythagorean_n which_o virgil_n have_v touch_v upon_o in_o his_o six_o book_n with_o so_o much_o success_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o great_a poet_n shall_v give_v we_o instance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o perfection_n upon_o this_o account_n we_o may_v say_v what_o aristotle_n upon_o another_o occasion_n say_v of_o homer_n that_o have_v a_o ordinary_a poet_n manage_v this_o subject_a he_o will_v have_v be_v insufferable_a the_o art_n which_o i_o discover_v in_o he_o be_v what_o follow_v first_o of_o all_o he_o make_v this_o doctrine_n necessary_a for_o the_o better_a conceive_n of_o the_o wonder_n which_o follow_v beside_o he_o go_v far_a for_o he_o make_v it_o a_o necessary_a part_n of_o his_o fable_n and_o his_o subject_n since_o it_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o religion_n the_o law_n and_o the_o morality_n which_o aeneas_n go_v to_o establish_v in_o italy_n under_o the_o character_n of_o a_o pantifex_n and_o a_o legislator_n in_o the_o three_o place_n before_o ever_o he_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n he_o put_v they_o upon_o desire_v it_o as_o much_o as_o aeneas_n do_v for_o without_o doubt_n they_o be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o curiosity_n which_o the_o poet_n bestow_v so_o natural_o on_o his_o hero_n they_o see_v with_o the_o same_o amazement_n that_o he_o do_v person_n that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v some_o age_n after_o and_o what_o this_o hero_n ask_v anchises_n that_o they_o ask_v virgil._n corpora_fw-la be_v it_o possible_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o soul_n here_o so_o fond_a of_o return_v again_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o be_v imprison_v once_o more_o in_o a_o body_n and_o it_o be_v with_o delight_n that_o they_o hear_v the_o 6._o poet_n in_o the_o person_n of_o anchises_n promise_v to_o satisfy_v their_o curiosity_n in_o that_o point_n the_o author_n do_v not_o dogmatise_v at_o all_o himself_o but_o he_o bring_v it_o about_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v discourse_v of_o by_o two_o person_n of_o the_o great_a importance_n in_o his_o poem_n and_o who_o be_v both_o very_o high_o interest_v therein_o last_o he_o be_v very_o
no_o constraint_n upon_o the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v predominant_a throughout_o he_o give_v it_o a_o full_a and_o entire_a liberty_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o moderate_v the_o rest_n and_o clap_v a_o print_n upon_o they_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o either_o by_o some_o passion_n or_o by_o some_o dependence_n the_o person_n that_o have_v they_o be_v in_o to_o some_o body_n else_o aeneas_n be_v absolute_a master_n of_o his_o action_n he_o have_v none_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o nor_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o the_o latin_a poet_n he_o imitate_v therein_o the_o greek_a poet_n who_o ulysses_n be_v as_o independent_a as_o aeneas_n achilles_n have_v a_o general_n over_o he_o but_o this_o general_n be_v only_o as_o the_o chief_a among_o equal_a prince_n achilles_n then_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n and_o take_v he_o from_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n he_o have_v no_o order_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o beside_o expect_v no_o favour_n or_o good_a will_n from_o he_o and_o be_v choleric_a and_o unjust_a he_o have_v no_o obedience_n to_o pay_v he_o nor_o measure_n to_o take_v to_o please_v he_o and_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o withdraw_v his_o obedience_n from_o he_o nay_o when_o he_o be_v reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o enter_v again_o upon_o his_o duty_n yet_o he_o receive_v no_o order_n from_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a without_o consult_v with_o this_o general_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o confederate_a prince_n he_o on_o his_o own_o head_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o enemy_n in_o behalf_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a artifice_n in_o homer_n when_o he_o make_v achilles_n the_o most_o valiant_a of_o the_o confederate_n but_o withal_o unjust_a and_o without_o interest_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a make_v agamemnon_n the_o general_n very_o much_o interest_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o brother_n menelaus_n and_o his_o own_o this_o be_v what_o respect_v the_o hero_n as_o for_o the_o other_o personage_n homer_n have_v make_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n easy_a by_o give_v violence_n and_o anger_n to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o commander_n on_o both_o side_n the_o latin_a poet_n be_v hard_a put_v to_o it_o because_o he_o have_v make_v the_o enemy_n of_o his_o hero_n to_o have_v humour_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o his_o hero_n but_o withal_o he_o have_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o passion_n and_o dependence_n that_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o his_o unity_n turnus_n have_v in_o truth_n no_o dependence_n on_o king_n latinus_n either_o as_o his_o subject_a or_o his_o ally_n this_o old_a prince_n be_v neither_o his_o king_n nor_o his_o general_n he_o depend_v upon_o he_o after_o another_o way_n as_o the_o courtier_n of_o lavinia_n his_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heiress_n for_o under_o this_o pretention_n he_o dare_v not_o disoblige_v a_o prince_n that_o owe_v he_o nothing_o and_o from_o who_o he_o will_v obtain_v so_o much_o he_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v in_o many_o respect_n to_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o to_o take_v such_o measure_n as_o take_v off_o much_o of_o his_o fierceness_n and_o passion_n beside_o this_o he_o see_v the_o victory_n of_o his_o rival_n to_o who_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v the_o glory_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o latinus_n and_o amata_n herself_o he_o see_v the_o ill_a success_n of_o all_o his_o design_n the_o death_n of_o those_o he_o put_v most_o confidence_n in_o mezentius_n camilla_n etc._n etc._n he_o see_v the_o latin_n decrease_v and_o hear_v the_o reproach_n they_o cast_v upon_o he_o all_o this_o must_v needs_o cause_v strange_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o this_o latin_a achilles_n and_o hinder_v he_o from_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n so_o far_o as_o the_o grecian_a do_v his_o mezentius_n have_v a_o less_o part_n in_o the_o poem_n than_o turnus_n but_o he_o be_v too_o considerable_a to_o admit_v of_o his_o furious_a and_o cruel_a character_n in_o all_o its_o force_n the_o poet_n make_v this_o profane_a person_n much_o in_o love_n with_o his_o son_n as_o he_o be_v a_o despiser_n of_o the_o go_n he_o so_o lucky_o make_v use_v of_o this_o natural_a passion_n that_o it_o render_v his_o tenderness_n conspicuous_a and_o make_v the_o character_n of_o aeneas_n conqueror_n over_o the_o fury_n of_o this_o barbarian_a his_o design_n in_o renew_v the_o battle_n be_v only_o to_o rejoin_v his_o son_n 10._o the_o violence_n of_o his_o paternal_a love_n force_v he_o to_o beseech_v aeneas_n to_o favour_v he_o so_o far_o as_o to_o let_v he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o his_o son_n and_o he_o die_v full_a of_o the_o tender_a and_o sad_a idea_n he_o have_v of_o his_o dear_a lausus_n this_o same_o artifice_n do_v likewise_o change_v the_o violence_n of_o dido_n into_o a_o more_o moderate_a character_n by_o these_o two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v the_o inability_n wherein_o the_o queen_n be_v place_v 4._o what_o can_v i_o say_v she_o tear_v his_o body_n in_o piece_n and_o scatter_v his_o mangle_a limb_n in_o the_o sea_n o_o that_o i_o can_v but_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o his_o comrade_n butcher_n his_o dear_a ascanius_n and_o serve_v he_o up_o in_o a_o banquet_n to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o wild_a excess_n of_o a_o most_o violent_a and_o terrible_a fury_n but_o she_o be_v in_o such_o circumstance_n that_o the_o reader_n be_v not_o afraid_a any_o ill_a effect_n will_v follow_v he_o be_v not_o concern_v for_o aeneas_n and_o ascanius_n since_o they_o be_v no_o long_o within_o her_o reach_n and_o he_o only_o pity_v this_o poor_a princess_n from_o who_o mouth_n her_o misfortune_n have_v force_v this_o language_n ibid._n the_o other_o method_n be_v the_o love_n of_o this_o same_o queen_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o her_o rage_n and_o fury_n tame_v she_o and_o force_v she_o to_o melt_v into_o tear_n and_o to_o abandon_v herself_o to_o the_o tenderness_n of_o her_o passion_n another_o method_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o be_v to_o interrupt_v the_o fight_n by_o calm_a and_o tender_a episodes_n which_o make_v the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n still_o predominant_a thus_o the_o assault_n make_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o aeneas_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o turnus_n be_v moderate_v by_o the_o episode_n of_o remulus_n which_o be_v divert_v by_o that_o of_o the_o ship_n change_v into_o nymph_n which_o be_v admirable_a and_o by_o that_o of_o nisus_n and_o euryalus_n which_o be_v soft_a and_o move_a we_o may_v reduce_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n to_o these_o few_o head_n the_o first_o and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o give_v the_o hero_n a_o precise_a and_o sensible_a character_n which_o may_v appear_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o encounter_n second_o this_o hero_n must_v be_v independent_a and_o leave_v at_o full_a liberty_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n and_o humour_n in_o all_o the_o force_n and_o extent_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o three_o the_o poet_n may_v bestow_v this_o very_a character_n on_o the_o other_o personage_n that_o be_v most_o apparent_a and_o active_a whether_o they_o be_v on_o the_o hero_n side_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a party_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v divine_a person_n this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o homer_n in_o his_o iliad_n four_o when_o there_o be_v give_v to_o these_o other_o personage_n some_o character_n or_o other_o that_o be_v opposite_a to_o that_o of_o the_o hero_n it_o must_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o in_o all_o its_o force_n and_o as_o this_o moderation_n can_v proceed_v natural_o from_o person_n themselves_o it_o be_v produce_v either_o by_o some_o passion_n or_o by_o some_o dependence_n as_o we_o have_v see_v in_o dido_n mezentius_n and_o turnus_n the_o five_o way_n be_v to_o interrupt_v the_o particular_a action_n which_o of_o themselves_o require_v a_o opposite_a character_n by_o such_o episodes_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o general_a character_n thus_o the_o death_n of_o lausus_n cause_n pity_n and_o tenderness_n to_o bear_v sway_n amid_o the_o fury_n of_o war_n and_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n which_o the_o episode_n of_o nisus_n and_o euryalus_n have_v to_o these_o five_o way_n we_o may_v likewise_o join_v the_o thought_n figure_n and_o expression_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o last_o book_n of_o this_o treatise_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o character_n this_o be_v a_o point_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n as_o well_o as_o importance_n as_o well_o to_o those_o that_o compose_v as_o to_o those_o that_o read_v and_o criticise_v it_o depend_v not_o only_o on_o the_o art_n but_o likewise_o on_o the_o goodness_n and_o justness_n of_o the_o
eleven_o verse_n venus_n present_v herself_o to_o her_o son_n disguise_v like_o a_o maid_n the_o poet_n be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v how_o this_o maid_n happen_v to_o be_v in_o a_o wide_a forest_n he_o represent_v she_o in_o a_o hunt_a habit._n he_o be_v likewise_o oblige_v to_o reduce_v to_o probability_n such_o a_o extraordinary_a thing_n as_o that_o of_o a_o maid_n in_o armour_n a_o description_n of_o seven_o line_n do_v it_o complete_o description_n sometime_o be_v mix_v with_o some_o passion_n or_o another_o in_o this_o case_n not_o only_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o discourse_n shall_v make_v they_o very_o natural_a but_o they_o shall_v likewise_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n assist_v to_o the_o passion_n to_o which_o they_o be_v join_v that_o fine_a description_n of_o a_o calm_a and_o quiet_a night_n in_o the_o four_o book_n render_v the_o cruel_a disturbance_n of_o dido_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o move_v since_o they_o rob_v she_o of_o that_o rest_n which_o all_o nature_n enjoy_v to_o the_o very_o vile_a and_o most_o despicable_a creature_n somnos_fw-la it_o be_v night_n each_o weary_a creature_n take_v its_o ease_n hush_v be_v the_o wood_n and_o silent_a be_v the_o sea_n poise_v in_o their_o height_n the_o star_n do_v seem_v to_o rest_v each_o field_n be_v still_o whilst_o every_o bird_n and_o beast_n the_o monster_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o savage_a bear_n be_v lay_v to_o sleep_v and_o dose_v away_o their_o care_n only_o unhappy_a dido_n find_v no_o rest_n poor_a queen_n so_o torture_v be_v her_o love-sick_a breast_n if_o instead_o of_o this_o admirable_a turn_n infoelix_fw-la only_o unhappy_a dido_n the_o poet_n carrying_z his_o description_n far_o have_v say_v paratis_fw-la whilst_o the_o dardanian_a do_v secure_o rest_v in_o his_o tall_a ship_n for_o sudden_a flight_n prepare_v then_o the_o whole_a will_v have_v be_v cold_a and_o insipid_a the_o description_n of_o the_o trojan_n be_v hard_o at_o work_n and_o eager_a to_o leave_v carthage_n be_v likewise_o extreme_o well_o manage_v on_o one_o hand_n it_o show_v what_o good_a effect_v the_o presence_n of_o a_o lord_n and_o master_n have_v for_o it_o be_v the_o presence_n of_o aeneas_n that_o hasten_v their_o work_n 4._o he_o do_v his_o fleet_n without_o delay_n prepare_v the_o trojan_n ply_v the_o work_n the_o busy_a main_n be_v fill_v with_o noise_n the_o ship_n now_o float_v again_o whole_a oak_n the_o leave_v unstripe_v for_o haste_v unwrought_a down_o from_o the_o wood_n for_o oar_n and_o mast_n they_o bring_v on_o every_o side_n be_v see_v descend_v down_o long_a troop_n which_o bring_v provision_n from_o the_o town_n english_v thus_o by_o edm._n waller_n and_o sidney_n godolphin_n esquire_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o consequence_n be_v such_o that_o the_o poet_n to_o expose_v this_o their_o eagerness_n not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o reader_n as_o to_o d._n view_n she_o there_o see_v the_o preparative_n of_o her_o death_n and_o every_o blow_v the_o axe_n and_o hammer_n strike_v go_v like_o so_o many_o stab_n of_o a_o dagger_n to_o her_o very_a heart_n can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o move_a than_o the_o ingenious_a application_n virgil_n make_v ibid._n what_o be_v thy_o thought_n sad_a dido_n on_o that_o day_n how_o deep_a thy_o sigh_n when_o from_o thy_o tower_n above_o thou_o see_v the_o phrygian_n in_o such_o order_n move_v and_o hear_v the_o tumult_n of_o the_o clamorous_a sea_n english_v thus_o by_o the_o same_o person_n if_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o great_a action_n any_o thing_n be_v describe_v that_o seem_v to_o interrupt_v and_o distract_v the_o reader_n be_v mind_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o effect_v of_o these_o description_n declare_v the_o reason_n and_o necessity_n of_o they_o and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o be_v embody_v if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v in_o the_o action_n we_o have_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o eleven_o book_n of_o the_o aeneid_n where_o the_o poet_n run_v out_o into_o so_o curious_a a_o description_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o dress_n of_o chloreus_n crurum_fw-la chloreus_n the_o priest_n of_o cybele_n do_v glare_v in_o phrygian_a arm_n remarkable_a afar_o a_o foam_a steed_n he_o ride_v who_o haunch_n case_n like_o feather_n scale_n of_o mingle_a gold_n and_o brass_n he_o clad_v in_o foreign_a purple_n gall_v the_o foe_n with_o cretan_a arrow_n from_o a_o lycian_a bow_n gold_n be_v that_o bow_n and_o gold_n his_o helmet_n too_o gay_a be_v his_o upper_a robe_n which_o loose_o fly_v each_o limb_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o something_o rare_a and_o as_o he_o fight_v he_o glistred_a every_o where_o english_v thus_o by_o mr._n stafford_n in_o dryden_n '_o s_z miscellany_n part_n ii_o p._n 491._o the_o judicious_a reader_n may_v perhaps_o have_v be_v disgu_v at_o this_o beauty_n so_o careful_o describe_v in_o the_o very_a heat_n of_o battle_n if_o the_o poet_n have_v only_o make_v it_o for_o their_o sake_n but_o it_o be_v not_o design_v so_o much_o for_o they_o as_o for_o camilla_n this_o maid_n be_v so_o charm_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o accoutrement_n that_o she_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o they_o the_o desire_n of_o have_v they_o cost_v she_o her_o life_n give_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o trojan_n and_o break_v all_o the_o measure_v turnus_n have_v take_v against_o aeneas_n these_o be_v such_o description_n as_o be_v just_a and_o manage_v with_o discretion_n they_o be_v not_o make_v for_o their_o own_o sake_n only_o nor_o be_v they_o mere_a ornament_n seneca_n be_v far_o from_o this_o method_n if_o he_o have_v any_o recital_n to_o make_v tho'_o never_o so_o melancholy_a and_o frightful_a he_o begin_v it_o with_o such_o description_n as_o be_v not_o only_o useless_a but_o trifle_v and_o foolish_a it_o be_v requisite_a we_o shall_v produce_v a_o instance_n of_o it_o creon_n have_v a_o story_n to_o tell_v oedipus_n that_o be_v the_o most_o melancholy_a the_o most_o frightful_a and_o the_o most_o ungrateful_a that_o ever_o can_v be_v tell_v a_o king_n he_o be_v entreat_v he_o be_v threaten_v and_o after_o great_a sign_n of_o grief_n for_o be_v force_v to_o tell_v he_o such_o terrible_a and_o afflict_a thing_n he_o begin_v his_o narration_n with_o the_o description_n of_o a_o grove_n which_o oedipus_n know_v as_o well_o as_o the_o french_a king_n know_v the_o forest_n of_o vincennes_n boulogne_n and_o s._n german_a but_o suppose_v oedipus_n have_v never_o hear_v of_o it_o be_v he_o then_o at_o leisure_n to_o be_v tell_v that_o it_o be_v full_a of_o cypress-tree_n oak_n laurel_n myrtle_n alder_n and_o pinetree_n that_o the_o cypress-tree_n be_v always_o green_a that_o the_o laurel-tree_n bear_v bitter_a berry_n that_o the_o alder-tree_n be_v proper_a to_o build_v ship_n which_o ride_v on_o the_o wide_a ocean_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o oak_n of_o this_o grove_n have_v their_o branch_n distort_v and_o eat_v up_o with_o age_n that_o time_n have_v gnaw_v the_o bark_n off_o this_o that_o the_o root_n of_o that_o can_v no_o long_o support_v it_o and_o that_o it_o will_v tumble_v down_o be_v it_o not_o prop_a up_o by_o the_o trunk_n of_o another_o tree_n his_o description_n of_o all_o this_o be_v in_o these_o word_n 3._o far_o off_o from_o thebes_n where_o dirce_n sacred_a well_o with_o silent_a stream_n bedew_v the_o neighbour_a plain_n there_o be_v a_o grove_n with_o dark_a shade_n over_o spread_v here_o cypress_n lift_v up_o its_o bushy_a head_n grace_n the_o wood_n with_o never_o fade_a green_n here_o quite_o wear_v out_o with_o age_n a_o oak_n display_v its_o crooked_a sapless_a arm_n the_o bark_n of_o this_o devour_a time_n have_v gnaw_v the_o root_n of_o that_o sit_v loose_a and_o throw_v it_o '_o against_o another_o tree_n here_o bitter_a laurel_n limber_a osier_n grow_v soft_a myrtle_n to_o the_o paphian_a goddess_n sacred_a tough_a alder_n fit_a for_o ship_n and_o massy_a oar_n the_o lofty_a pine_n that_o dare_v the_o strong_a storm_n and_o turn_v its_o knotty_a side_n against_o the_o wind._n in_o the_o middle_a stand_v a_o tree_n of_o mighty_a bulk_n protect_v all_o the_o lesser_a underwood_n and_o throw_v all_o abroad_o its_o spread_a bough_n defend_v at_o once_o and_o shade_n the_o subject_a grove_n english_v thus_o by_o j._n hoadley_n of_o cath._n hall_n chap._n iii_o of_o comparison_n or_o simile_n we_o very_o common_o explain_v ourselves_o by_o simile_n and_o make_v use_n of_o they_o the_o better_a to_o make_v other_o apprehend_v what_o we_o propose_v and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o just_a idea_n thereof_o there_o be_v two_o essential_a quality_n belong_v to_o they_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o thing_n we_o make_v use_v of_o be_v better_o know_v and_o easy_a to_o apprehend_v than_o that_o we_o will_v make_v know_v by_o its_o assistance_n and_o the_o second_o be_v that_o there_o
all_o probability_n they_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o and_o on_o which_o though_o they_o be_v acquaint_v with_o they_o they_o ought_v not_o in_o the_o condition_n they_o be_v in_o to_o spend_v the_o least_o thought_n these_o poetical_a heroine_n be_v verse_v in_o history_n mythology_n geography_n a_o great_a many_o curious_a property_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o fine_a lesson_n in_o morality_n in_o a_o word_n they_o be_v not_o ignorant_a in_o their_o very_a passion_n of_o whatever_o the_o poet_n know_v in_o his_o study_n amid_o his_o book_n and_o common_a place_n if_o they_o complain_v of_o any_o cruelty_n they_o name_v you_o all_o the_o cruel_a tyrant_n that_o ever_o be_v and_o know_v without_o the_o least_o mistake_n wherein_o the_o wicked_a inclination_n of_o each_o person_n do_v consist_v 5._o it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o they_o to_o mention_n busiris_n and_o diomedes_n they_o must_v needs_o add_v the_o altar_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o other_o they_o will_v think_v it_o a_o shame_n only_o to_o know_v that_o the_o scythian_n be_v cruel_a they_o must_v likewise_o know_v that_o they_o have_v no_o sixed_a habitation_n but_o be_v here_o to_o day_n and_o there_o to_o morrow_n this_o be_v what_o seneca_n andromache_n know_v and_o on_o which_o she_o reflect_v even_o during_o the_o sad_a recital_n of_o the_o death_n of_o her_o only_a son_n little_a astyanax_n who_o be_v throw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o tower_n if_o one_o consider_v on_o all_o this_o one_o can_v never_o be_v affect_v with_o these_o learned_a complaint_n and_o if_o the_o audience_n never_o think_v thereon_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v they_o use_v the_o madness_n of_o medea_n be_v no_o less_o learned_a than_o the_o sadness_n of_o andromache_n this_o madwoman_n threaten_v to_o burn_v the_o king_n of_o corinth_n palace_n the_o flame_n whereof_o shall_v be_v see_v off_o the_o promontory_n of_o malea_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o far_a end_n of_o the_o peloponnesus_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o this_o passion_n will_v not_o have_v be_v learned_a enough_o have_v not_o medea_n add_v that_o this_o promontory_n be_v inaccessible_a that_o the_o rock_n which_o surround_v it_o with_o water-lily_n oblige_v the_o ship_n to_o go_v a_o great_a way_n about_o and_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fail_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n off_o it_o that_o their_o voyage_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v so_o much_o the_o long_o sometime_o likewise_o not_o be_v able_a to_o express_v these_o thing_n by_o circumlocution_n so_o as_o to_o be_v understand_v all_o shall_v be_v include_v in_o a_o epithet_n a_o adverb_n or_o some_o other_o word_n and_o then_o let_v the_o reader_n guess_v at_o the_o meaning_n but_o poem_n be_v not_o invent_v for_o this_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v this_o one_o reflection_n more_o that_o though_o we_o be_v to_o avoid_v ostentation_n and_o never_o to_o affect_v appear_v learned_a yet_o we_o must_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o contrary_a fault_n and_o appear_v ignorant_a as_o statius_n have_v do_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o thebay_n he_o undertake_v the_o war_n of_o eteocles_n and_o polynices_n and_o before_o he_o enter_v upon_o the_o mâ—…_n he_o relate_v all_o that_o happen_v at_o the_o sound_n of_o thebes_n and_o from_o thence_o down_o to_o their_o time_n he_o express_v this_o in_o a_o doubt_n and_o he_o ask_v his_o muse_n whether_o he_o must_v begin_v his_o recital_n with_o the_o rape_n of_o europa_n this_o doubt_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o so_o gross_a a_o ignorance_n in_o the_o art_n that_o it_o betray_v a_o man_n want_n of_o judgement_n when_o he_o give_v his_o reader_n such_o a_o disadvantageous_a character_n of_o himself_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o expression_n the_o expression_n shall_v be_v suitable_a to_o the_o subject_n one_o treat_n on_o and_o consequent_o shall_v be_v beautiful_a noble_a and_o august_n in_o the_o epic_a poem_n as_o well_o as_o in_o tragedy_n but_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o this_o beauty_n and_o this_o grandeur_n be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n and_o like_o a_o genus_fw-la divide_v itself_o into_o several_a species_n this_o will_v be_v easy_o conceive_v if_o one_o recollect_v what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o four_o book_n concern_v the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a poem_n in_o general_n the_o character_n of_o achilles_n ulysses_n and_o aeneas_n be_v very_o great_a and_o yet_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o each_o other_o the_o iliad_n consist_v altogether_o in_o battle_n in_o anger_n and_o in_o a_o continual_a commotion_n without_o bound_n and_o measure_n the_o odysseis_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v full_a of_o nothing_o else_o but_o prudence_n patience_n and_o wisdom_n so_o that_o the_o learned_a observe_v there_o be_v a_o considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o style_n and_o verse_n of_o these_o two_o poem_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o phlegm_n in_o the_o odysseis_n but_o the_o iliad_n be_v all_o over_o one_o continual_a flame_n the_o aeneid_n shall_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n soft_a than_o the_o two_o greek_a poem_n beside_o this_o first_o distinction_n each_o part_n of_o which_o comprehend_v a_o entire_a poem_n there_o be_v likewise_o inferior_a distinction_n which_o divide_v each_o poem_n into_o its_o episodes_n and_o lesser_a part_n for_o though_o the_o same_o character_n shall_v be_v predominant_a yet_o it_o shall_v not_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o poem_n there_o be_v many_o passage_n very_o different_a from_o one_o another_o this_o alter_v the_o style_n so_o far_o that_o poet._n sometime_o anger_n make_v comedy_n wear_v the_o buskin_n and_o sometime_o sorrow_n make_v tragedy_n throw_v it_o off_o this_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o queen_n i_o see_v once_o upon_o the_o stage_n who_o complain_v of_o her_o long_a misfortune_n in_o a_o style_n that_o be_v quite_o opposite_a thereto_o she_o make_v a_o comparison_n between_o they_o and_o the_o happiness_n of_o her_o former_a year_n and_o she_o compare_v these_o different_a state_n to_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o she_o only_o insist_v on_o the_o description_n of_o the_o beauty_n and_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o when_o after_o a_o long_a train_n of_o these_o fine_a thing_n which_o inspire_v nothing_o but_o pleasure_n and_o joy_n she_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o description_n of_o winter_n and_o when_o one_o will_v have_v expect_v to_o hear_v at_o last_v something_o that_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o this_o unfortunate_a princess_n she_o give_v we_o the_o reverse_n of_o it_o she_o make_v a_o description_n of_o winter_n not_o by_o represent_v the_o melancholy_a part_n of_o it_o but_o by_o make_v a_o elegant_a amplification_n on_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o spring_n which_o the_o winter_n want_v all_o this_o be_v express_v in_o such_o choice_a phrase_n which_o certain_o cost_v the_o poet_n those_o study_n and_o sleepless_a night_n which_o poet._n horace_n condemn_v in_o those_o that_o make_v complaint_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o express_v the_o passion_n one_o treat_n of_o well_o it_o be_v moreover_o requisite_a that_o one_o prevent_v it_o not_o by_o any_o description_n that_o may_v at_o first_o give_v quite_o contrary_a sentiment_n i_o will_v not_o make_v aurora_n rise_v with_o a_o smile_n to_o see_v the_o sad_a passion_n which_o dido_n have_v abandon_v herself_o to_o when_o the_o first_o break_v of_o day_n present_v she_o with_o the_o flight_n of_o aeneas_n this_o concern_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o thought_n as_o much_o as_o that_o of_o the_o expression_n and_o oft_o time_n the_o turn_v and_o the_o expression_n make_v all_o the_o beauty_n of_o a_o think_v a_o fable_n a_o allusion_n a_o point_n of_o doctrine_n a_o metaphor_n or_o some_o other_o figure_n shall_v be_v whole_o contain_v in_o one_o word_n that_o which_o we_o be_v now_o speak_v of_o be_v more_o particular_o design_v for_o the_o expression_n poet_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v up_o to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o discover_v they_o open_o oftentimes_o these_o very_a reflection_n prejudice_n and_o hinder_v the_o pleasure_n and_o the_o passion_n in_o this_o case_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o some_o expression_n and_o phrase_n which_o be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v treat_v on_o and_o not_o oblige_v the_o reader_n to_o any_o reflection_n that_o lessen_v his_o attention_n to_o the_o main_a thing_n do_v yet_o give_v those_o a_o occasion_n of_o find_v out_o the_o rule_n and_o the_o artifice_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o look_v after_o they_o here_o be_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o take_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o those_o that_o suppose_v that_o aeneas_n do_v not_o spend_v the_o winter_n in_o africa_n the_o poet_n represent_v the_o haste_n which_o the_o trojan_n make_v to_o
when_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o its_o episodes_n and_o the_o other_o be_v when_o he_o give_v to_o each_o a_o considerable_a extent_n it_o be_v by_o this_o method_n that_o the_o epic_a poet_n extend_v their_o poem_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o the_o dramatic_a we_o must_v likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o a_o action_n which_o of_o themselves_o do_v natural_o present_v we_o but_o with_o one_o single_a episode_n as_o the_o death_n of_o hector_n that_o of_o turnus_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v likewise_o more_o fertile_a part_n of_o the_o fable_n which_o oblige_v the_o poet_n to_o form_v several_a episodes_n of_o each_o part_n though_o in_o the_o first_o model_n they_o be_v express_v in_o as_o simple_a a_o manner_n as_o the_o rest_n such_o be_v the_o fight_n between_o the_o trojan_n and_o the_o grecian_n the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n the_o travel_n of_o aeneas_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n from_o his_o own_o country_n during_o so_o many_o year_n together_o do_v necessary_o require_v his_o presence_n elsewhere_o and_o the_o design_n of_o the_o fable_n oblige_v he_o to_o be_v cast_v into_o several_a danger_n and_o upon_o several_a state_n now_o each_o danger_n and_o each_o state_n furnish_v matter_n for_o a_o episode_n which_o the_o poet_n may_v make_v use_n of_o if_o he_o please_v we_o conclude_v then_o that_o episodes_n be_v not_o action_n but_o the_o part_n of_o a_o action_n that_o they_o be_v not_o add_v to_o the_o action_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o poem_n but_o that_o they_o constitute_v this_o action_n and_o this_o matter_n as_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n constitute_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o be_v not_o deduce_v from_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o the_o action_n that_o they_o be_v not_o unite_v and_o connect_v to_o the_o action_n but_o to_o one_o another_o that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o action_n be_v not_o so_o many_o episodes_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v amplify_v and_o extend_v by_o particular_a circumstance_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o poet_n rehearse_n a_o thing_n and_o last_o that_o this_o union_n between_o each_o other_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o episode_n and_o probable_a in_o the_o circumstance_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n there_o be_v four_o qualification_n in_o the_o epic_a action_n the_o first_o be_v its_o unity_n the_o second_o its_o integrity_n the_o three_o its_o importance_n and_o the_o four_o its_o duration_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o in_o this_o place_n we_o shall_v consider_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o draught_n and_o model_n of_o the_o fable_n but_o in_o the_o extend_a and_o episodized_a action_n and_o in_o truth_n if_o the_o episodes_n be_v not_o add_v to_o the_o action_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v the_o necessary_a part_n thereof_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o it_o and_o its_o unity_n still_o preserve_v and_o the_o fable_n which_o aristotle_n call_v episodical_a be_v such_o wherein_o some_o episodes_n that_o be_v foreign_a and_o not_o due_o connect_v add_v some_o action_n to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o so_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o it_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n as_o well_o as_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o fable_n do_v not_o consist_v either_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o hero_n or_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o time_n this_o be_v what_o we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o tell_v wherein_o it_o do_v not_o consist_v than_o it_o be_v to_o discover_v wherein_o it_o do_v from_o the_o idea_n i_o have_v conceive_v thereof_o by_o read_v our_o author_n these_o three_o thing_n i_o suppose_v be_v necessary_a thereto_o the_o first_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o no_o episode_n but_o what_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a platform_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o action_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a member_n of_o this_o body_n the_o second_o be_v exact_o to_o unite_v these_o episodes_n and_o these_o member_n with_o one_o another_o and_o the_o three_o be_v never_o to_o finish_v any_o episode_n so_o as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o entire_a action_n but_o to_o let_v each_o episode_n still_o appear_v in_o its_o own_o particular_a nature_n as_o the_o member_n of_o a_o body_n and_o as_o a_o part_n of_o itself_o not_o complete_a we_o have_v already_o establish_v the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o qualification_n in_o the_o doctrine_n we_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o episodes_n and_o perhaps_o enough_o have_v be_v say_v about_o it_o but_o yet_o we_o will_v clear_v up_o this_o doctrine_n by_o some_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o principal_a episodes_n of_o the_o aeneid_n in_o the_o scheme_n we_o have_v draw_v of_o the_o fable_n and_o action_n of_o this_o poem_n we_o have_v observe_v that_o aeneas_n ought_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v a_o king_n new_o elect_v and_o the_o founder_n of_o a_o empire_n raise_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o decay_a state_n that_o this_o prince_n shall_v be_v oppose_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o last_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v establish_v by_o piety_n and_o the_o force_n of_o arms._n the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o action_n be_v the_o alteration_n of_o a_o state_n of_o a_o king_n and_o of_o a_o priest_n and_o this_o be_v virgil_n first_o episode_n contain_v in_o his_o second_o book_n wherein_o the_o 2._o poet_n describe_v the_o subversion_n of_o the_o trojan_a empire_n in_o asia_n the_o death_n of_o king_n priam_n and_o of_o the_o priest_n panthus_n to_o all_o this_o he_o add_v the_o choice_n which_o both_o god_n and_o man_n make_v of_o aeneas_n to_o be_v the_o successor_n of_o these_o two_o decease_a person_n and_o to_o re-establish_a the_o empire_n of_o the_o trojan_n in_o italy_n the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o action_n begin_v when_o aeneas_n set_v himself_o upon_o his_o duty_n execute_v the_o order_n he_o receive_v and_o march_n for_o italy_n virgil_n have_v place_v almost_o all_o this_o second_o episode_n in_o his_o three_o book_n the_o rest_n lie_v in_o the_o first_o in_o the_o five_o and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o seven_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o establish_n religion_n and_o law_n religion_n consist_v in_o sacrifice_n in_o funeral_n rite_n and_o festival_n sport_n aeneas_n perform_v all_o these_o and_o the_o 3._o poet_n take_v care_n from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o advertise_v his_o reader_n that_o these_o ceremony_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o so_o many_o particular_a action_n or_o as_o the_o simple_a effect_n of_o the_o hero_n piety_n upon_o some_o particular_a occasion_n but_o as_o sacred_a rite_n which_o he_o be_v go_v to_o 5._o transfer_v into_o italy_n under_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n by_o this_o mean_n no_o body_n can_v doubt_v of_o his_o meaning_n nor_o take_v these_o act_n of_o religion_n and_o these_o episodes_n for_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o his_o action_n and_o matter_n this_o part_n furnish_v the_o poet_n with_o several_a episodes_n which_o he_o distribute_v into_o several_a part_n of_o his_o work_n as_o in_o the_o three_o book_n where_o aeneas_n receive_v from_o helenus_n the_o ceremony_n which_o hereafter_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o institute_v in_o the_o five_o where_o he_o celebrate_v the_o sport_n hard_a by_o his_o father_n tomb_n and_o elsewhere_o almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a poem_n virgil_n design_v his_o six_o book_n for_o the_o other_o part_n about_o law_n viz._n for_o the_o morality_n for_o the_o politic_n and_o for_o the_o form_v such_o a_o genius_n as_o be_v to_o animate_v the_o body-politick_a of_o the_o roman_a state_n after_o these_o part_n of_o the_o action_n which_o contain_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o hero_n be_v design_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v likewise_o the_o obstacle_n he_o meet_v with_o which_o make_v up_o the_o intrigue_n of_o the_o action_n these_o obstacle_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o juno_n passion_n and_o we_o may_v say_v that_o this_o opposition_n be_v no_o less_o proper_a to_o the_o aeneid_n than_o the_o opposition_n of_o neptune_n be_v to_o the_o odysseïs_n now_o we_o observe_v that_o aristotle_n place_v the_o anger_n of_o this_o god_n in_o the_o first_o draught_n of_o the_o greek_a poem_n among_o the_o incident_n that_o be_v proper_a to_o it_o the_o first_o of_o these_o intrigue_n and_o the_o most_o considerable_a obstacle_n of_o all_o be_v that_o of_o dido_n which_o take_v up_o the_o first_o and_o four_o book_n the_o second_o be_v the_o burn_v of_o his_o fleet_n in_o the_o five_o book_n the_o three_o be_v the_o
love_n the_o ambition_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o turnus_n this_o last_o supply_v he_o with_o a_o great_a many_o episodes_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o war_n aeneas_n meet_v with_o in_o italy_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o seven_o book_n and_o be_v not_o over_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o episodes_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v deduce_v from_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o action_n the_o second_o thing_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o unity_n and_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o episodes_n with_o one_o another_o for_o beside_o that_o relation_n and_o proportion_n which_o all_o the_o member_n ought_v to_o have_v with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o to_o constitute_v but_o one_o body_n which_o shall_v be_v homogeneous_a in_o all_o its_o part_n it_o be_v require_v far_o that_o these_o member_n shall_v be_v not_o contiguous_a as_o if_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o clap_v together_o again_o but_o uninterrupted_a and_o due_o connect_v without_o this_o the_o natural_a member_n will_v not_o make_v up_o that_o union_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v a_o body_n the_o continuity_n and_o situation_n of_o episodes_n be_v not_o exact_a when_o they_o only_o follow_v one_o another_o but_o they_o shall_v be_v place_v one_o after_o another_o so_o as_o the_o first_o shall_v either_o be_v necessary_o or_o probable_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 8._o aristotle_n find_v fault_n with_o incident_n that_o be_v without_o any_o consequence_n or_o connexion_n and_o he_o say_v that_o the_o poem_n wherein_o such_o sort_n of_o episodes_n be_v offend_v against_o the_o unity_n of_o action_n he_o bring_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o defect_n the_o wound_n which_o ulysses_n receive_v upon_o parnassus_n and_o the_o folly_n he_o counterfeit_v before_o the_o grecian_a prince_n because_o one_o of_o these_o incident_n can_v not_o have_v happen_v as_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o homer_n can_v not_o have_v give_v they_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o continuity_n nor_o have_v he_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n by_o such_o a_o mixture_n but_o he_o give_v we_o a_o complete_a instance_n of_o the_o continuity_n we_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o method_n whereby_o he_o have_v connect_v the_o two_o part_n of_o his_o iliad_n which_o be_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n against_o agamemnon_n and_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o same_o hero_n against_o hector_n the_o poet_n will_v not_o have_v due_o connect_v these_o two_o episodes_n if_o before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n achilles_n have_v be_v less_o inexorable_a and_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o satisfaction_n agamemnon_n offer_v he_o this_o will_v have_v make_v two_o anger_n be_v and_o two_o revenge_n quite_o different_a from_o and_o independent_a of_o one_o another_o and_o though_o both_o have_v be_v necessary_a and_o essential_a to_o the_o fable_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v what_o mischief_n discord_n and_o what_o advantage_n concord_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o yet_o the_o unity_n will_v have_v be_v only_o in_o the_o fable_n but_o the_o action_n will_v have_v be_v double_a and_o episodical_a because_o the_o first_o episode_n will_v not_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o second_o nor_o the_o second_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o first_o these_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ilay_v be_v join_v together_o very_o regular_o if_o achilles_n have_v never_o fall_v out_o with_o agamemnon_n he_o will_v have_v fight_v in_o person_n and_o not_o have_v expose_v his_o friend_n single_o against_o hector_n under_o those_o arm_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o young_a man_n rashness_n and_o death_n and_o beside_o the_o better_a to_o join_v these_o two_o part_n with_o one_o another_o the_o second_o be_v begin_v a_o great_a while_n before_o one_o see_v what_o event_n the_o first_o ought_v to_o have_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n be_v propose_v and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o this_o reconciliation_n with_o respect_n to_o agamemnon_n be_v make_v before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n and_o even_o before_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v of_o expose_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o want_v but_o achilles_n consent_n and_o since_o that_o be_v not_o give_v till_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n have_v make_v he_o resolve_v upon_o that_o of_o hector_n it_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o anger_n and_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n against_o hector_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n which_o finish_v the_o first_o part_n but_o for_o the_o unity_n of_o a_o body_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o all_o its_o member_n be_v natural_a and_o due_o unite_v and_o compact_v together_o it_o be_v far_a requisite_a that_o each_o member_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o member_n a_o imperfect_a part_n and_o not_o a_o finish_v complete_a body_n this_o be_v the_o three_o qualification_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o doctrine_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o action_n may_v be_v entire_a and_o complete_a two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o perfect_o complete_n it_o and_o make_v it_o absolute_o entire_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o principal_a person_n that_o be_v interest_v therein_o and_o in_o the_o principal_a circumstance_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o the_o second_o way_n be_v by_o complete_n it_o only_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o person_n and_o in_o some_o circumstance_n that_o be_v less_o principal_a this_o second_o way_n preserve_v the_o action_n in_o its_o regular_a unity_n the_o other_o destroy_v it_o we_o will_v give_v you_o a_o instance_n of_o each_o the_o greek_n be_v assemble_v together_o to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n offer_v to_o menelaus_n and_o to_o force_v the_o trojan_n to_o restore_v he_o his_o wife_n who_o paris_n have_v steal_v away_o there_o happen_v a_o difference_n between_o agamemnon_n and_o achilles_n this_o last_o be_v high_o incense_v abandon_v the_o common_a cause_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n agamemnon_n army_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o trojan_n but_o the_o boldness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o king_n put_v he_o upon_o engage_v the_o enemy_n without_o achilles_n away_o he_o march_v to_o give_v they_o a_o general_a assault_n with_o all_o his_o force_n the_o fight_n begin_v with_o the_o duel_n between_o menelaus_n and_o paris_n they_o sight_n without_o second_o upon_o condition_n that_o helen_n shall_v be_v the_o conquerour_n and_o the_o war_n decide_v by_o this_o combat_n though_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o combat_n and_o whatever_o interest_n he_o may_v have_v therein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o menelaus_n paris_n and_o helen_n be_v so_o far_o the_o principal_a personage_n concern_v that_o if_o this_o action_n have_v be_v finish_v with_o respect_n to_o they_o it_o will_v have_v be_v quite_o finish_v it_o will_v not_o have_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n and_o of_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n but_o a_o complete_a action_n which_o will_v have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o revenge_n and_o render_v the_o anger_n of_o this_o hero_n ineffectual_a therefore_o homer_n have_v not_o finish_v this_o action_n paris_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o escape_v and_o menelaus_n be_v wound_v with_o a_o dart_n by_o pandarus_n by_o this_o mean_v achilles_n begin_v to_o be_v revenge_v and_o this_o incident_a become_v a_o exact_a episode_n virgil_n have_v manage_v the_o episode_n of_o dido_n another_o way_n he_o have_v finish_v it_o so_o that_o the_o union_n of_o his_o main_a action_n be_v as_o regular_a as_o the_o art_n of_o poetry_n require_v the_o address_n of_o this_o great_a poet_n consist_v in_o order_v it_o so_o that_o dido_n in_o who_o this_o incident_a be_v complete_a be_v not_o the_o chief_a personage_n and_o her_o marriage_n be_v only_o a_o simple_a circumstance_n of_o a_o action_n that_o be_v not_o finish_v and_o yet_o be_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o only_a foundation_n of_o this_o particular_a action_n in_o a_o word_n aeneas_n be_v the_o hero_n of_o this_o episode_n which_o be_v only_o invent_v to_o retard_v the_o settlement_n of_o this_o hero_n in_o italy_n this_o be_v manifest_a if_o we_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o the_o skill_n and_o care_n of_o the_o poet_n have_v leave_v we_o about_o it_o juno_n who_o carry_v on_o all_o this_o intrigue_n be_v very_o little_o concern_v for_o dido_n happiness_n if_o she_o have_v love_v she_o so_o well_o she_o shall_v have_v divert_v the_o trojan_a fleet_n from_o her_o coast_n upon_o which_o place_n she_o herself_o do_v cast_v they_o 4._o which_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o queen_n misery_n