proper_a body_n which_o he_o assume_v of_o the_o virgin_n which_o may_v be_v see_v and_o feel_v after_o his_o resurrection_n as_o he_o say_v to_o his_o disciple_n luke_o 24.40_o handle_v i_o and_o see_v for_o a_o spirit_n have_v not_o flesh_n and_o bone_n as_o you_o see_v i_o have_v xc_o let_v we_o hear_v also_o what_o st._n fulgentius_n he_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o fulgentius_n fulgentius_n speak_v in_o his_o book_n of_o faith._n firm_o believe_v and_o doubt_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a that_o the_o very_o only_o beget_v son_n god_n the_o word_n be_v make_v flesh_n 5.2_o flesh_n ephes_n 5.2_o offer_v himself_o for_o we_o a_o sacrifice_n and_o oblation_n of_o a_o sweet_a smell_a savour_n to_o god_n to_o who_o with_o the_o father_n and_o holy_a ghost_n by_o patriarch_n prophet_n and_o priest_n live_v creature_n be_v sacrifice_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o to_o who_o now_o that_o be_v under_o the_o new_a together_o with_o the_o father_n and_o holy_a ghost_n with_o who_o he_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o divinity_n the_o catholic_n church_n throughout_o the_o world_n cease_v not_o to_o offer_v a_o sacrifice_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o faith_n and_o charity_n in_o those_o carnal_a sacrifice_n there_o be_v a_o signification_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o christ_n which_o he_o without_o sin_n shall_v offer_v for_o our_o sin_n and_o of_o that_o blood_n which_o he_o be_v to_o shed_v on_o the_o cross_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o our_o sin_n but_o in_o this_o sacrifice_n there_o be_v a_o thanksgiving_n and_o commemoration_n of_o that_o flesh_n of_o christ_n which_o he_o offer_v for_o we_o and_o of_o that_o blood_n which_o the_o same_o christ_n our_o god_n have_v shed_v for_o we_o of_o which_o the_o apostle_n st._n paul_n in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n say_v 20.28_o say_v act_n 20.28_o take_v heed_n to_o yourselves_o and_o to_o the_o whole_a flock_n over_o which_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v make_v you_o bishop_n to_o rule_v the_o church_n of_o god_n which_o he_o redeem_v with_o his_o own_o blood._n in_o those_o sacrifice_n what_o be_v to_o be_v give_v for_o we_o be_v represent_v in_o a_o figure_n but_o in_o this_o sacrifice_n what_o be_v already_o give_v be_v evident_o show_v xci_o by_o say_v that_o in_o those_o sacrifice_n be_v signify_v what_o shall_v be_v give_v for_o we_o but_o that_o in_o this_o sacrifice_n what_o be_v already_o give_v be_v commemorate_a he_o plain_o intimate_v that_o as_o those_o sacrifice_n be_v a_o figure_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v so_o this_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o thing_n already_o past_a xcii_o by_o which_o expression_n he_o most_o evident_o show_v how_o vast_a a_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o that_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o which_o christ_n suffer_v and_o that_o body_n which_o we_o celebrate_v in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o death_n and_o passion_n for_o the_o former_a be_v proper_o and_o true_o his_o body_n have_v nothing_o mystical_a or_o figurative_a in_o it_o the_o latter_a be_v mystical_a show_v one_o thing_n to_o our_o outward_a sense_n by_o a_o figure_n and_o inward_o represent_v another_o thing_n by_o faith._n xciii_o augugustine_n he_o conclude_v with_o another_o testimony_n of_o s._n augugustine_n let_v i_o add_v one_o testimony_n more_o of_o father_n augustine_n which_o will_v confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v and_o shall_v put_v a_o end_n to_o my_o discourse_n in_o his_o sermon_n to_o the_o people_n touch_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n thus_o he_o say_v what_o it_o be_v which_o you_o see_v upon_o god_n altar_n you_o be_v show_v last_o night_n but_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o hear_v what_o it_o be_v what_o it_o mean_v and_o of_o how_o great_a a_o thing_n this_o be_v a_o sacrament_n that_o which_o you_o see_v be_v bread_n and_o the_o cup_n thus_o much_o your_o own_o eye_n inform_v you_o but_o that_o wherein_o your_o faith_n need_v instruction_n be_v that_o this_o bread_n be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o cup_n be_v the_o blood_n of_o christ_n this_o be_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o perhaps_o as_o much_o as_o faith_n require_v but_o faith_n need_v further_a instruction_n as_o it_o be_v write_v 7.9_o write_v isa_n 7.9_o except_o you_o believe_v you_o will_v not_o understand_v you_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o say_v to_o i_o you_o require_v we_o to_o believe_v expound_v to_o we_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v such_o a_o thought_n as_o this_o may_v arise_v in_o any_o man_n heart_n we_o know_v that_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n take_v flesh_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n when_o a_o infant_n he_o be_v suckle_v nourish_v grow_v and_o arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o a_o young_a man_n be_v persecute_v by_o the_o jew_n suffer_v be_v hang_v on_o a_o tree_n put_v to_o death_n take_v down_o and_o bury_v the_o three_o day_n he_o rise_v again_o and_o on_o that_o day_n himself_o please_v he_o ascend_v the_o heaven_n and_o carry_v up_o his_o body_n thither_o and_o shall_v from_o thence_o come_v to_o judge_v both_o quick_a and_o dead_a where_o he_o be_v now_o sit_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o father_n how_o be_v bread_n his_o body_n and_o how_o be_v the_o cup_n or_o the_o liquor_n in_o the_o cup_n his_o blood_n these_o my_o brethren_n be_v style_v sacrament_n because_o in_o they_o we_o see_v one_o thing_n and_o understand_v another_o that_o which_o we_o see_v have_v a_o bodily_a nature_n that_o which_o be_v understand_v have_v a_o spiritual_a fruit_n or_o efficacy_n xciv_o in_o these_o word_n this_o venerable_a author_n instruct_v we_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v touch_v the_o proper_a body_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o now_o sit_v at_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o god_n and_o in_o which_o he_o will_v come_v to_o judge_v the_o quick_a and_o the_o dead_a as_o also_o touch_v that_o body_n which_o be_v place_v on_o the_o altar_n and_o receive_v by_o the_o people_n the_o former_a be_v entire_a neither_o subject_n to_o be_v cut_v or_o divide_v nor_o be_v it_o veil_v under_o any_o figure_n but_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v set_v on_o the_o lord_n table_n be_v a_o figure_n because_o it_o be_v a_o sacrament_n that_o which_o be_v outward_o see_v have_v a_o corporeal_a nature_n which_o feed_v the_o body_n but_o that_o which_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v contain_v within_o it_o have_v a_o spiritual_a fruit_n or_o virtue_n and_o quicken_v the_o soul._n xcv_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o speak_v more_o plain_o and_o open_o touch_v this_o mystical_a body_n he_o say_v if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n harken_v to_o the_o apostle_n who_o say_v you_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o member_n and_o if_o you_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o his_o member_n then_o there_o be_v a_o mystical_a representation_n of_o yourselves_o set_v on_o the_o lord_n table_n you_o receive_v the_o mystery_n of_o yourselves_o and_o answer_v amen_n and_o by_o that_o answer_n christ_n answer_n i.e._n own_o yourselves_o to_o be_v the_o body_n and_o member_n of_o christ_n subscribe_v to_o what_o you_o be_v thou_o hear_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n name_v and_o answer_v amen_o become_v thou_o a_o member_n of_o christ_n that_o thy_o amen_o may_v be_v true_a bread_n true_a i_o e._n how_o be_v we_o represent_v as_o christ_n body_n in_o the_o bread_n but_o why_o in_o the_o bread_n i_o shall_v offer_v nothing_o of_o my_o own_o but_o let_v we_o hear_v what_o the_o apostle_n 10.17_o apostle_n 1_o cor._n 10.17_o himself_o speak_v of_o this_o sacrament_n who_o say_v and_o we_o be_v many_o be_v one_o bread_n and_o one_o body_n in_o christ_n etc._n etc._n xcvi_o st._n augustine_n sufficient_o teach_v we_o that_o as_o in_o the_o bread_n set_v upon_o the_o altar_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v signify_v so_o be_v likewise_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n who_o receive_v it_o that_o he_o may_v evident_o show_v that_o christ_n proper_a body_n be_v that_o in_o which_o he_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n be_v suckle_v suffer_v die_v be_v bury_v and_o rise_v again_o in_o which_o he_o ascend_v the_o heaven_n sit_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o father_n and_o in_o which_o he_o shall_v come_v again_o to_o judgement_n but_o this_o which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o lord_n table_n contain_v a_o mystery_n of_o that_o as_o also_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a people_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o apostle_n and_o we_o be_v many_o be_v one_o bread_n and_o one_o body_n in_o christ._n xcvii_o your_o wisdom_n negative_a he_o determine_v this_o second_o question_n in_o the_o negative_a most_o illustrious_a prince_n may_v observe_v how_o both_o by_o testimony_n out_o of_o the_o
be_v solve_v in_o regard_n of_o that_o prince_n his_o surname_n crassus_n or_o grossus_fw-la which_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n magnus_n and_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n emperor_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a fetch_n which_o will_v not_o pass_v now_o as_o it_o may_v have_v do_v 80_o or_o 100_o year_n since_o the_o author_n and_o his_o time_n be_v now_o much_o better_o know_v no_o doubt_n but_o as_o lucas_n dacherius_n tell_v we_o 5_o we_o literis_fw-la &_o fama_fw-la floruisse_fw-la ratramnum_fw-la ludovici_n pii_fw-la &_o caroli_n calvi_n temporibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la faciunt_fw-la quas_fw-la protulit_fw-la elucubrationes_fw-la dacherius_n spic_fw-la t._n 1._o lectori_fw-la nu_fw-la 5_o he_o live_v in_o great_a reputation_n for_o learning_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ludovicus_n pius_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o book_n write_v by_o he_o on_o several_a occasion_n his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n be_v write_v as_o the_o precedent_n 17._o precedent_n mauguin_n tom_fw-mi 2._o disser_fw-fr hist_o cap._n 17._o mauguin_n conjecture_n a._n d._n 850._o which_o be_v the_o next_o year_n after_o goteschalcus_fw-la be_v degrade_v and_o condemn_v in_o a_o synod_n at_o carisiac_n and_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o greek_n can_v not_o be_v well_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 868._o in_o regard_n the_o gallican_n prelate_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o work_n not_o above_o two_o month_n before_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n nicolaus_n the_o first_o which_o happen_v in_o december_n 867._o so_o that_o presume_v ratramnus_n to_o have_v live_v 60_o year_n his_o flourish_a time_n be_v from_o 840._o to_o 870._o 870._o 870._o hincm_n rhem._n op._n tom_n 2._o opusc_n lv._o capitul_n cap._n 1._o tradito_fw-la hincmaro_n laudun_n in_o synodo_n attiniaci_n habita_fw-la a._n d._n 870._o hincmarus_n in_o a_o work_n publish_v by_o he_o in_o the_o year_n 870._o mention_n one_o ratramnus_n presbyter_n than_o 90_o year_n of_o age_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v he_o be_v not_o our_o author_n for_o first_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o secular_a priest_n and_o again_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a so_o learned_a a_o man_n shall_v not_o set_v up_o for_o a_o writer_n till_o about_o 60_o or_o 70_o year_n of_o age_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v write_v so_o smart_o as_o he_o do_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n at_o 88_o that_o he_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n for_o learning_n in_o his_o own_o age_n be_v past_a doubt_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o his_o know_a ability_n that_o charles_n the_o bald_a choose_v to_o consult_v he_o upon_o point_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o the_o predestination_n controversy_n and_o that_o of_o christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o preface_n and_o conclusion_n of_o his_o work_n on_o both_o those_o subject_n and_o though_o memoratur_fw-la though_o feuguer_n opusc_n lugd._n praefat._n p._n 9_o 10._o quod_fw-la altem_fw-la ad_fw-la calvi_n aulam_fw-la attinet_fw-la nullo_n quod_fw-la sciam_fw-la docto_fw-la uno_fw-la ornata_fw-la memoratur_fw-la feugueraeus_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o bertram_n tell_v we_o that_o carolus_n calvus_n have_v no_o learned_a man_n in_o his_o court_n as_o his_o grandfather_n have_v alcuin_n claudius_n clemens_n and_o joannes_n scotus_n its_o plain_a that_o herein_o he_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v as_o indeed_o he_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o thing_n he_o say_v in_o that_o preface_n for_o carolus_n calvus_n be_v a_o great_a patron_n of_o learning_n and_o learned_a man_n joannes_n scotus_n live_v in_o his_o court_n and_o not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o some_o monk_n who_o have_v read_v the_o name_n of_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v in_o favour_n with_o charles_n the_o great_a thus_o recite_v alcuinum_fw-la flaccum_fw-la claudium_fw-la scotum_n or_o claudium_fw-la clementem_fw-la scotum_n etc._n etc._n and_o mistake_v scotum_n whereby_o the_o country_n of_o claudius_n clemens_n who_o be_v a_o irishman_n be_v design_v for_o the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n joannes_n scotus_n erigena_n have_v be_v make_v a_o domestic_a of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o those_o other_o senseless_a story_n that_o he_o be_v a_o scholar_n of_o scotus_n of_o vinc._n bellovac_n spec._n hist_o l._n 23._o c._n 173._o apud_fw-la nat._n alex._n de_fw-fr jo._n scoto_n erig_n sec_fw-la 9_o p._n 2._o diss_fw-la 14._o fueruntque_fw-la parisiis_fw-la fundatores_fw-la illius_fw-la studii_fw-la quatuor_fw-la monachi_fw-la bedae_fw-la discipuli_fw-la rabanus_n &_o alcuinus_fw-la claudius_n &_o joannes_n scotus_n v._o bede_n companion_n of_o alcuin_n and_o a_o assistant_n to_o he_o in_o sound_v the_o university_n of_o paris_n have_v be_v raise_v for_o scotus_n be_v ordinary_o mention_v next_o after_o this_o claudius_n on_o this_o occasion_n but_o the_o mistake_n seem_v ancient_a as_o berengarius_fw-la by_o a_o ms._n epistle_n of_o he_o to_o richardus_fw-la 1062._o richardus_fw-la dacherii_fw-la spicil_n t._n 2._o council_n t._n 9_o col_fw-fr 1062._o publish_v by_o d'achery_n and_o from_o he_o by_o labbe_n in_o the_o council_n beside_o scotus_n that_o king_n favour_v other_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o several_a argument_n by_o his_o command_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o predestination_n he_o hold_v two_o several_a council_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n at_o carisiac_n in_o the_o first_o of_o which_o goteschalcus_fw-la be_v condemn_v and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n be_v state_v in_o four_o short_a determination_n though_o not_o in_o all_o point_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n in_o france_n he_o consult_v scotus_n 128._o scotus_n vide_fw-la seru._n lupi_fw-la ep._n 128._o servatus_fw-la lupus_fw-la and_o our_o author_n and_o ii_o and_o denique_fw-la sunt_fw-la multi_fw-la domino_fw-la donante_fw-la magistri_fw-la haec_fw-la region_fw-la siti_fw-la ingenio_fw-la lâ—c_fw-la plete_a periti_fw-la vnde_fw-la palatina_n plerique_fw-la morantur_fw-la in_o aula_n vide_fw-la append._n cellotii_fw-la opusc_n ii_o goteschalcus_fw-la about_o who_o all_o this_o controversy_n arise_v in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ratramnus_n say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n then_o about_o his_o court._n and_o no_o question_n but_o he_o always_o consult_v man_n of_o eminent_a note_n ratramnus_n be_v also_o in_o good_a esteem_n with_o odo_n successor_n to_o paschasius_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o corbey_n and_o afterward_o bishop_n of_o beauvais_n to_o who_o he_o dedicate_v his_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o who_o in_o all_o probability_n nominate_v he_o as_o a_o fit_a person_n to_o answer_v the_o objection_n of_o the_o greek_n against_o the_o latin_a church_n nay_o f._n cellot_n acknowledge_v 2._o cellot_n hist_o gotte_n l._n 3._o c._n 7._o sect_n 2._o that_o hincmarus_n himself_o have_v such_o a_o esteem_n of_o he_o long_v after_o his_o writing_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o predestination_n that_o whn_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o pope_n nicolaus_n i._o he_o seek_v all_o france_n for_o learned_a man_n to_o write_v against_o the_o greek_n he_o invite_v ratramnus_n by_o name_n to_o undertake_v that_o service_n nor_o have_v hincmarus_n odo_n and_o the_o other_o gallican_n prelate_n a_o better_a opinion_n of_o his_o ability_n for_o that_o work_n than_o concilient_fw-la than_o praefat._n ad_fw-la act._n ben._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o n._n 161._o ratramnus_n vero_fw-la liâ—ge_fw-la plura_fw-la &_o potiora_fw-la prolatis_fw-la exproprio_fw-la genio_fw-la validis_fw-la ratiociniis_fw-la quae_fw-la argumentis_fw-la &_o autoritatibus_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la adductis_fw-la lucem_fw-la ac_fw-la robur_fw-la concilient_fw-la f._n mabillon_n have_v of_o his_o performance_n who_o say_v that_o whoever_o shall_v compare_v the_o work_n of_o ratramnus_n with_o that_o of_o aeneas_n parisiensis_fw-la will_v easy_o discern_v how_o much_o ratramnus_n excel_v he_o in_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n for_o whereas_o aeneas_n ordinary_o produce_v naked_a and_o jejune_a testimony_n without_o any_o considerable_a remark_n upon_o they_o ratramnus_n allege_v many_o more_o and_o better_a authority_n enforce_v and_o illustrate_v they_o by_o solid_a reason_n of_o his_o own_o the_o same_o good_a opinion_n have_v precedent_n mauguin_n of_o his_o performance_n in_o his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n when_o he_o call_v he_o 17._o he_o mauguin_n tom_fw-mi 2._o in_o dissert_n hist_n c._n 17._o non_fw-la levis_fw-la armaturae_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la christi_fw-la militem_fw-la no_o raw_a soldier_n light_o arm_v but_o a_o undaunted_a champion_n of_o the_o catholic_n truth_n against_o innovator_n and_o much_o more_o he_o add_v in_o his_o praise_n and_o though_o in_o his_o writing_n about_o the_o sacrament_n 5._o sacrament_n refut_o du_fw-fr mr._n claude_n p._n 3._o c._n 5._o mr._n arnauld_n be_v please_v to_o style_v he_o a_o fantastical_a obscure_a and_o empty_a divine_a who_o reason_n be_v frothy_a cavil_n yet_o in_o the_o controversy_n of_o predestination_n and_o grace_n both_o he_o and_o his_o brethren_n
own_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n presence_n 14._o presence_n this_o miracle_n be_v find_v in_o paschas_fw-la radbert_n de_fw-fr corp._n &_o sang._n dom._n in_o bibl._n patrum_fw-la par._n 1610._o tom._n vi_o c._n 14._o they_o tell_v you_o of_o a_o woman_n whofe_o doubt_v touch_v the_o real_a presence_n be_v cure_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o st._n gregory_n at_o who_o request_n god_n cause_v the_o host_n she_o be_v about_o to_o receive_v to_o appear_v as_o though_o there_o lie_v in_o the_o dish_n a_o joint_n of_o a_o finger_n all_o bloody_a whereas_o according_a to_o the_o popish_a doctrine_n christ_n 3._o christ_n council_n trid._n sess_n 13._o can._n 3._o whole_a body_n soul_n and_o divinity_n be_v in_o every_o bit_n of_o the_o host_n and_o drop_v of_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o this_o miracle_n if_o it_o prove_v any_o thing_n must_v prove_v the_o contrary_n again_o our_o homilist_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o p._n 47._o say_v immediate_o after_o those_o word_n cite_v by_o i_o out_o of_o the_o 46_o page_n therefore_o the_o holy_a mass_n be_v profitable_a both_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o to_o the_o dead_a the_o propitiatory_a sacrifice_n be_v by_o this_o time_n set_v on_o foot_n which_o necessary_o suppose_v the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n but_o it_o be_v worth_a observe_n however_o that_o the_o adoration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n spring_v not_o up_o till_o some_o age_n after_o it_o be_v not_o mention_v either_o by_o radbertus_n or_o ratramnus_n or_o elfrick_n in_o this_o homily_n 3._o the_o three_o opinion_n maintain_v by_o those_o who_o do_v not_o condemn_v our_o author_n though_o they_o do_v this_o book_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o work_n of_o ratramnus_n but_o of_o joannes_n scotus_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v in_o regard_n he_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o our_o saxon_a homilist_n and_o equal_a with_o bertram_n this_o opinion_n be_v first_o deliver_v by_o the_o learned_a 2._o learned_a p._n de_fw-fr marca_n in_o epistola_fw-la apud_fw-la dacherium_fw-la in_o spicil_n tom._n 2._o peter_n de_fw-fr marca_n and_o be_v urge_v with_o great_a confidence_n by_o a_o paris_n a_o at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n arnaud_n defence_n in_o quarto_fw-la par._n 1669._o dissert_n 1._o the_o author_n be_v mr._n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n genovefe_n who_o modesty_n m._n arnaud_n tell_v we_o cause_v he_o to_o conceal_v his_o name_n this_o dissertator_n make_v a_o great_a dust_n with_o his_o conjecture_n and_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o bertram_z and_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o the_o same_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o name_n give_v he_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o this_o be_v a_o poor_a shift_n for_o every_o one_o know_v how_o different_o writer_n report_v the_o name_n of_o man_n who_o flourish_v in_o that_o age_n and_o in_o those_o part_n of_o france_n and_o where_o the_o author_n make_v no_o difference_n it_o often_o happen_v by_o the_o transcriber_n mistake_v one_o will_v think_v the_o instance_n he_o give_v of_o cellot_n anonymous_n writer_n who_o in_o his_o first_o leaf_n call_v the_o adversary_n of_o paschasius_fw-la rabanus_n and_o ratramnus_n and_o in_o the_o next_o babanus_n and_o intramus_fw-la may_v have_v suppress_v that_o objection_n in_o the_o next_o section_n he_o say_v trithemius_n and_o sigebert_n make_v bertram_n to_o have_v write_v but_o one_o book_n of_o predestination_n whereas_o ratramnus_n write_v two_o and_o that_o the_o two_o mss._n mention_v by_o suffridus_n petrus_n may_v be_v false_a write_v and_o i_o may_v better_o say_v they_o be_v not_o for_o he_o name_v neither_o more_o nor_o elder_a copy_n that_o make_v it_o out_o as_o for_o the_o precise_a number_n of_o book_n sigebert_n and_o more_o curious_a man_n be_v not_o always_o exact_a but_o many_o time_n where_o the_o work_n be_v small_a call_v two_o book_n praedestin_n ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la librum_fw-la de_fw-fr praedestin_n because_o one_o work_n a_o book_n so_o sigebert_n say_v and_o not_o one_o book_n in_o his_o three_o section_n this_o monk_n of_o st._n genovefe_n give_v we_o nothing_o but_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o modesty_n in_o tax_v the_o incomparable_a usher_n of_o false_a deal_n and_o tell_v the_o world_n that_o his_o testimony_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n concern_v a_o rasure_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n he_o have_v see_v at_o cambridge_n and_o wonder_n he_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o hope_v that_o his_o bare_a word_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o it_o after_o his_o false_a deal_n about_o ratramnus_n his_o book_n of_o christ_n birth_n without_o tell_v how_o the_o passage_n raze_v be_v recover_v in_o the_o last_o section_n he_o offer_v towards_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o induce_v father_n cellot_n to_o conclude_v ratramnus_n corbeiensis_n the_o author_n of_o those_o book_n which_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o bertram_n i_o can_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n show_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o his_o answer_n and_o will_v do_v it_o but_o that_o i_o have_v in_o reserve_v such_o testimony_n from_o f._n mabillon_n as_o will_v baffle_v all_o his_o amuse_a conjecture_n and_o to_o which_o any_o man_n of_o modesty_n will_v submit_v this_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o bertram_n be_v not_o ratramnus_n to_o make_v good_a the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o undertake_n and_o show_v that_o joannes_n scotus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o book_n he_o suggest_v three_o thing_n 1._o that_o this_o book_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v of_o scotus_n his_o book_n who_o authority_n berengarius_fw-la use_v 2._o that_o the_o style_n and_o manner_n of_o argue_v be_v scotus_n his_o peculiar_a way_n 3._o that_o the_o disciple_n of_o berengarius_fw-la after_o scotus_n his_o book_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o synod_n at_o vercelli_n and_o rome_n give_v it_o the_o disguise_a name_n of_o bertram_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o the_o flame_n his_o argument_n from_o the_o account_n give_v of_o scotus_n his_o book_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o f._n mabillon_n and_o all_o i_o shall_v say_v be_v what_o he_o omit_v viz._n that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o scotus_n according_a to_o the_o best_a account_n we_o can_v have_v of_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o bertram_n for_o if_o f._n alexander_n and_o other_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o 31._o in_o quod_fw-la sacramenta_fw-la altaris_fw-la non_fw-la verum_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o verus_fw-la sanguis_fw-la sit_fw-la domini_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la memoria_fw-la very_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o sanguinis_fw-la ejus_fw-la de_fw-fr praed_n c._n 31._o hincmarus_n his_o meaning_n he_o teach_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v only_o a_o memory_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n which_o this_o dissertator_n to_o give_v we_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o his_o honesty_n as_o he_o do_v before_o of_o his_o modesty_n change_v into_o a_o naked_a figure_n without_o any_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o express_o contrary_a to_o his_o sentiment_n impute_v to_o bertram_n as_o his_o doctrine_n 2._o the_o style_n of_o bertram_n and_o scotus_n be_v not_o at_o all_o alike_o scotus_n be_v full_a of_o greek_a word_n and_o notion_n and_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o greek_a father_n which_o bertram_n be_v free_a from_o his_o way_n of_o argue_v be_v not_o syllogistical_a as_o bertram_n so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v by_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr naturis_fw-la and_o his_o notion_n xi_o scotus_n de_fw-fr divisione_n naturae_fw-la l._n 5_o n._n xx._n item_n l._n 2._o n._n xi_o that_o christ_n glorify_a body_n be_v absorb_v in_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o be_v not_o local_a nor_o visible_a nor_o have_v the_o same_o member_n after_o its_o resurrection_n which_o it_o have_v before_o will_v quite_o overthrow_v many_o of_o bertram_n argument_n to_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v not_o exhibit_v the_o same_o body_n in_o which_o he_o die_v and_o rise_v again_o his_o three_o suggestion_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n and_o a_o very_a weak_a one_o for_o if_o berengarius_fw-la his_o disciple_n feign_v that_o name_n to_o preserve_v the_o book_n from_o the_o fire_n what_o use_n do_v they_o preserve_v it_o for_o what_o service_n do_v it_o ever_o do_v they_o who_o ever_o mention_n any_o of_o they_o that_o allege_v bertram_n authority_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o no_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n where_o the_o albigenses_n and_o waldenses_n berengarius_fw-la disciple_n have_v abound_v in_o all_o time_n ever_o since_o it_o be_v much_o they_o shall_v not_o save_v one_o copy_n of_o bertram_n but_o since_o he_o be_v conjecture_v why_o may_v not_o i_o offer_v a_o conjecture_n or_o two_o in_o this_o matter_n 1._o why_o may_v not_o bertram_n book_n through_o mistake_n both_o with_o berengarius_fw-la and_o his_o adversary_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o scotus_n it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o i_o
sacrament_n make_v he_o weary_a of_o his_o abbey_n be_v f._n mabillon_n conjecture_n and_o not_o i_o and_o if_o so_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o ratramnus_n have_v rather_o the_o prince_n countenance_n and_o the_o strong_a party_n in_o the_o convent_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o seem_v more_o probable_a when_o we_o consider_v that_o odo_n afterward_o bishop_n of_o beauvais_n a_o great_a friend_n of_o ratramnus_n be_v make_v abbot_n in_o the_o room_n of_o paschasius_fw-la what_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschasius_fw-la be_v i_o shall_v now_o brief_o show_v he_o say_v sepulchro_fw-la say_v pasch_fw-mi radb_n de_fw-fr corp._n &_o sang._n dom._n c._n 1._o licet_fw-la figura_fw-la panis_n &_o vini_n hic_fw-la sit_fw-la omnino_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la caro_fw-la christi_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la post_fw-la consecrationem_fw-la credenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la et_fw-la ut_fw-la miâ—abilius_fw-la loquar_fw-la non_fw-la alia_fw-la plane_n quam_fw-la quae_fw-la nata_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr maria_n &_o passa_fw-la in_o cruse_n &_o resurrexit_fw-la de_fw-la sepulchro_fw-la that_o although_o in_o the_o sacrament_n there_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n yet_o we_o must_v believe_v it_o after_o consecration_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ._n and_o that_o you_o may_v know_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n he_o add_v and_o to_o say_v somewhat_o yet_o more_o wonderful_a it_o be_v no_o other_o flesh_n than_o that_o which_o be_v bear_v of_o mary_n suffer_v on_o the_o cross_n and_o rise_v again_o from_o the_o grave_a he_o illustrate_v this_o mystery_n further_o by_o intimate_v that_o whosoever_o will_v not_o believe_v christ_n natural_a body_n in_o the_o sacrament_n under_o the_o shape_n of_o bread_n that_o man_n will_v not_o have_v believe_v christ_n himself_o to_o have_v be_v god_n if_o he_o have_v see_v he_o hang_v upon_o the_o cross_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o servant_n and_o shelter_n himself_o against_o all_o the_o absurdity_n that_o can_v be_v object_v against_o this_o opinion_n as_o the_o papist_n still_o do_v under_o god_n omnipotence_n lay_v down_o this_o principle_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o his_o discourse_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o creature_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n who_o can_v change_v they_o into_o what_o he_o please_v he_o render_v these_o two_o reason_n why_o the_o miraculous_a change_n be_v not_o manifest_a to_o sense_n by_o any_o alteration_n of_o the_o visible_a form_n or_o taste_v of_o what_o be_v receive_v viz._n cceurrunt_fw-la viz._n sic_fw-la debuit_fw-la hoc_fw-la mysterium_fw-la temperari_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o arcana_fw-la secretorum_fw-la celarentur_fw-la infidis_fw-la &_o meritum_fw-la cresceret_fw-la de_fw-la virtute_fw-la fidei_fw-la c._n 13._o ubi_fw-la plura_fw-la ejusmodi_fw-la cceurrunt_fw-la that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o exercise_n for_o faith_n and_o that_o pagan_n may_v not_o have_v subject_a to_o blaspheme_v the_o mystery_n of_o our_o religion_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o no_o man_n who_o believe_v the_o word_n of_o god_n say_v he_o can_v doubt_v but_o by_o consecration_n it_o be_v make_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n in_o verity_n or_o truth_n of_o nature_n and_o he_o allege_v story_n of_o the_o miraculous_a appearance_n of_o christ_n flesh_n in_o its_o proper_a form_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o doubt_v as_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o his_o carnal_a doctrine_n these_o be_v the_o sentiment_n of_o paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n and_o differ_v little_a from_o those_o of_o the_o roman_a church_n at_o present_a which_o i_o shall_v deduce_v from_o the_o authentic_a act_n of_o that_o church_n especial_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 1._o in_o the_o year_n 1059._o there_o be_v a_o council_n assemble_v at_o rome_n by_o pope_n nicolaus_n the_o two_o in_o which_o a_o form_n of_o recantation_n be_v draw_v up_o for_o berengarius_fw-la wherein_o he_o be_v require_v to_o declare_v etc._n declare_v apud_fw-la gratianum_fw-la de_fw-la consecratione_fw-la dist_n 2._o c._n 42._o ego_fw-la berengarius_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o bread_n and_o wine_n after_o consecration_n be_v not_o only_o the_o sacrament_n sign_n and_o figure_n but_o the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n which_o be_v not_o only_o sacramental_o but_o sensible_o and_o true_o handle_v and_o break_v by_o the_o priest_n hand_n and_o ground_n by_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o recantation_n aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v a_o accurate_a account_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o they_o be_v somewhat_o ashamed_a of_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o gloss_n upon_o gratian_n who_o have_v put_v it_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law._n but_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n difinition_n be_v more_o authentic_a which_o have_v determine_v i._o if_o any_o one_o shall_v deny_v that_o in_o the_o most_o holy_a sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n there_o be_v contain_v real_o and_o substantial_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n together_o with_o the_o soul_n and_o divinity_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o consequent_o whole_a christ_n but_o shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v therein_o contain_v only_o as_o in_o a_o sign_n or_o figure_n or_o virtual_o let_v he_o be_v accurse_v ii_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v say_v that_o in_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n there_o remain_v the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n together_o with_o the_o body_n or_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o shall_v deny_v that_o singular_a or_o wonderful_a conversion_n of_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o bread_n into_o his_o body_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o 1._o 1._o council_n trid._n sess_v 13._o can_n 1._o 2._o 2._o conc._n trid._n ibid._n c._n 2._o wine_n into_o his_o blood_n there_o remain_v only_o the_o species_n i._n e._n accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n which_o conversion_n the_o catholic_n church_n very_o apt_o call_v transubstantiation_n let_v he_o be_v accurse_v oral_o i_o e._n by_o faith_n and_o not_o oral_o iii_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o in_o the_o eucharist_n christ_n be_v exhibit_v and_o eat_v only_o spiritual_o and_o not_o sacramental_o and_o real_o let_v he_o be_v accurse_v these_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o this_o matter_n and_o now_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o doctrine_n of_o ratramnus_n in_o this_o book_n be_v agreeable_a to_o these_o canon_n i_o may_v make_v short_a work_n of_o it_o by_o allege_v all_o those_o author_n who_o either_o represent_v he_o as_o a_o heretic_n or_o his_o book_n as_o forge_v or_o heretical_a and_o in_o so_o do_v i_o shall_v muster_v a_o army_n of_o the_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n with_o two_o or_o three_o pope_n in_o the_o head_n of_o they_o viz._n pius_n the_o iv_o by_o who_o authority_n be_v compile_v the_o expurgatory_n index_n in_o which_o this_o book_n be_v first_o forbid_v sixtus_n v._n who_o enlarge_v the_o roman_a index_n and_o clement_n the_o viii_o by_o who_o order_n it_o be_v revise_v and_o publish_v they_o be_v all_o competent_a 8._o 3._o conc._n trid._n ibid._n can_v 8._o &_o cap._n 8._o witness_n that_o his_o doctrine_n be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o present_a faith_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o our_o author_n commento_fw-la author_n vide_fw-la indic_fw-la belgic_a in_o bertramo_n excogitato_fw-la commento_fw-la kind_n douai_n friend_n be_v force_v to_o exercise_n their_o wit_n for_o some_o handsome_a invention_n to_o make_v he_o a_o roman-catholick_n and_o at_o last_o they_o can_v bring_v he_o fair_o off_o but_o be_v force_v to_o change_v his_o word_n direct_o to_o a_o contrary_a sense_n and_o instead_o of_o visible_o write_v invisible_o and_o according_a to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n must_v be_v interpret_v according_a to_o the_o outward_a species_n or_o accident_n of_o the_o sacrament_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v not_o to_o explain_v a_o author_n but_o to_o corrupt_v he_o and_o instead_o of_o interpret_n his_o word_n to_o put_v their_o own_o word_n into_o his_o mouth_n and_o after_o all_o they_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n which_o it_o be_v not_o either_o amiss_o or_o imprudent_a whole_o to_o expunge_v in_o regard_n the_o loss_n of_o those_o passage_n will_v not_o spoil_v the_o sense_n nor_o will_v they_o be_v easy_o miss_v but_o i_o shall_v not_o build_v altogether_o upon_o their_o confession_n in_o regard_n other_o who_o have_v the_o ingenuity_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o author_n orthodox_n and_o the_o work_n catholic_n have_v also_o the_o confidence_n to_o deny_v our_o claim_n to_o bertram_n authority_n who_o be_v as_o they_o pretend_v though_o obscure_a yet_o their_o own_o therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o his_o sentiment_n in_o this_o matter_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o paschasius_fw-la
this_o author_n and_o work_n that_o he_o do_v in_o his_o paper_n give_v in_o to_o queen_n mary_n commissioner_n at_o oxford_n beside_o his_o own_o answer_n and_o confirmation_n insist_v upon_o whatever_o bertram_n write_v on_o this_o argument_n as_o a_o further_a proof_n of_o his_o doctrine_n profess_v that_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o godly_a man_n can_v gainsay_v his_o argument_n and_o that_o it_o be_v this_o book_n that_o put_v he_o first_o upon_o examine_v the_o old_a opinion_n concern_v the_o presence_n of_o christ_n very_a flesh_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o sacrament_n by_o the_o scripture_n and_o elder_a father_n of_o the_o churcb_n and_o convert_v he_o from_o the_o error_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o that_o point_n and_o dr._n 107._o dr._n dr._n burnet_n hist_n of_o the_o reform_v p._n ii_o book_n i._o p_o 107._o burnet_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o add_v that_o ridley_n have_v read_v bertram_z and_o conclude_a transubstantiation_n to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n but_o late_o bring_v in_o and_o not_o full_o receive_v till_o after_o bertram_n be_v age_n communicate_v the_o matter_n with_o cranmer_n and_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o examine_v it_o with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n thus_o he_o in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o the_o disputation_n concern_v the_o real_a presence_n a._n d._n 1549._o which_o be_v the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o first_o common-prayer-book_n of_o king_n edward_n vi._n be_v publish_v at_o which_o time_n also_o bertram_n be_v print_v in_o english_a by_o order_n of_o bishop_n ridley_n so_o that_o a_o reverend_n and_o learned_a divine_a of_o our_o church_n b_o have_v reason_n in_o assert_v the_o doctrine_n of_o bertram_n be_v the_o very_a same_o doctrine_n which_o 61._o which_o several_a conference_n between_o a_o popish_a priest_n etc._n etc._n p._n 61._o the_o church_n of_o england_n embrace_v as_o most_o consonant_a to_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n which_o be_v not_o what_o our_o adversary_n will_v put_v upon_o we_o that_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n be_v a_o naked_a commemoration_n of_o our_o saviour_n death_n and_o a_o mere_a sign_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n but_o a_o efficacious_a mystery_n accompany_v with_o such_o a_o divine_a and_o spiritual_a power_n as_o render_v the_o consecrate_a element_n true_o though_o mystical_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o communicate_v to_o we_o the_o real_a fruit_n and_o save_v benefit_n of_o his_o bitter_a passion_n and_o this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o bertram_n in_o both_o part_n of_o this_o work._n chap._n vi_o that_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o singular_a in_o his_o opinion_n but_o have_v several_a other_o great_a man_n in_o his_o own_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o he_o in_o this_o point_n but_o after_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v if_o ratramnus_n though_o never_o so_o learned_a or_o orthodox_n be_v singular_a in_o his_o sentiment_n touch_v christ_n presence_n in_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n we_o can_v make_v little_a of_o his_o authority_n if_o the_o general_a belief_n of_o the_o church_n in_o his_o time_n be_v contrary_a it_o only_o show_v that_o one_o eminent_a divine_a have_v some_o heterodox_n opinion_n let_v we_o therefore_o examine_v the_o writer_n of_o his_o own_o age_n and_o the_o next_o after_o he_o and_o see_v whether_o he_o or_o paschasius_fw-la deliver_v the_o current_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v the_o belief_n of_o the_o more_o ancient_a and_o pure_a time_n of_o christianity_n but_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o albertinus_n archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n cousin_n for_o a_o account_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o ix_o and_o x_o century_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v several_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n and_o writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o ratramnus_n and_o some_o who_o be_v offend_v at_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschasius_fw-la and_o indeed_o there_o be_v manifest_a token_n in_o his_o book_n but_o more_o evident_a proof_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o frudegardus_fw-la that_o his_o doctrine_n do_v not_o pass_v without_o contradiction_n in_o his_o own_o life_n time_n when_o he_o deliver_v his_o paradox_n he_o prepare_v his_o reader_n for_o some_o wondrous_a doctrine_n and_o so_o strange_a be_v that_o new_a doctrine_n of_o he_o that_o if_o the_o 2._o the_o anonym_n de_fw-fr euch._n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la sec_n iu._n p._n 2._o anonymous_n writer_n publish_v by_o f._n mabillon_n be_v rabanus_n his_o epistle_n to_o egilo_n this_o great_a and_o learned_a bishop_n profess_v that_o he_o never_o hear_v or_o read_v it_o before_o and_o he_o much_o wonder_v that_o st._n ambrose_n shall_v be_v quote_v for_o it_o and_o more_o that_o paschasius_fw-la shall_v assert_v it_o but_o f._n mabillon_n offer_v it_o only_o by_o way_n of_o conjecture_n modest_o submit_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o learned_a man_n whether_o that_o tract_n against_o radbertus_n be_v the_o epistle_n of_o rabanus_n or_o not_o and_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v better_a reason_n to_o persuade_v we_o that_o it_o be_v not_o than_o those_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v as_o that_o it_o bear_v not_o the_o name_n of_o rabanus_n though_o himself_o mention_v his_o writing_n on_o that_o subject_a to_o egilo_n that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o a_o epistolary_a form_n egilo_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v nor_o do_v any_o address_n to_o a_o second_o person_n appear_v throughout_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_o a_o polemical_a piece_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o in_o the_o anonymous_n piece_n there_o occur_v a_o odd_a distinction_n of_o the_o same_o body_n naturaliter_fw-la and_o specialiter_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o expound_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o heribaldus_n it_o be_v not_o use_v by_o rabanus_n though_o that_o epistle_n to_o egilo_n be_v first_o write_v but_o whoever_o he_o be_v that_o write_v it_o he_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n a_o author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n and_o treat_v paschasius_fw-la very_o coarse_o and_o severe_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o it_o be_v write_v while_o he_o be_v abbot_n since_o the_o author_n flout_v he_o and_o in_o a_o ironical_a way_n call_v he_o pontificem_fw-la among_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n i_o shall_v number_v 303._o number_v inter_fw-la scriptores_fw-la de_fw-la divinis_fw-la officiis_n ed._n per_fw-la hittorpium_fw-la par._n 1610._o col_fw-fr 303._o charles_n the_o great_a though_o perhaps_o the_o epistle_n to_o alcuin_n be_v write_v somewhat_o before_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o christ_n sup_v with_o his_o disciple_n break_v bread_n and_o give_v it_o they_o with_o the_o cup_n for_o a_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n and_o exhibit_v a_o sacrament_n high_o advantageous_a to_o we_o as_o venerable_a bede_n before_o he_o speak_v he_o give_v in_o the_o supper_n to_o his_o disciple_n a_o figure_n of_o his_o holy_a body_n and_o blood_n which_o notion_n consist_v not_o with_o the_o carnal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n 13._o sacrament_n apud_fw-la l'_fw-mi arroque_fw-la hist_n euch._n l._n 2._o c._n 13._o theodulphus_n aurelianensis_fw-la near_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n say_v that_o by_o the_o visible_a offering_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o the_o invisible_a consecration_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n bread_n and_o wine_n pass_v into_o the_o dignity_n not_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n as_o jesus_n christ_n be_v figure_v by_o the_o wine_n so_o be_v the_o faithful_a people_n by_o water_n amalarius_fw-la 24._o amalarius_fw-la amalarius_fw-la fortunatus_n ibidem_fw-la in_o praefat._n col._n 307._o &_o l._n 1._o c._n 24._o fortunatus_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o his_o book_n of_o divine_a office_n make_v the_o sacramental_a bread_n and_o wine_n to_o represent_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o oblation_n to_o resemble_v christ_n own_o offering_n of_o himself_o on_o the_o cross_n as_o the_o priest_n do_v the_o person_n of_o christ_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sacrament_n of_o christ_n body_n be_v secundum_fw-la quendum_fw-la modum_fw-la after_o some_o sort_n christ_n body_n which_o be_v like_a bertram_n secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la not_o absolute_o and_o proper_o but_o in_o some_o respect_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o amalarius_n cite_v that_o passage_n of_o st._n augustine_n which_o bertram_n allege_v to_o render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sacramental_a sign_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v what_o the_o doctrine_n of_o joannes_n scotus_n be_v be_v hard_o to_o say_v only_o in_o the_o general_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o paschasius_fw-la though_o perhaps_o he_o err_v on_o the_o other_o extreme_a make_v it_o a_o naked_a empty_a figure_n or_o memory_n of_o our_o saviour_n death_n and_o
false_o that_o ratram_n intend_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n yet_o since_o he_o treat_v his_o adversary_n as_o catholic_n and_o call_v they_o the_o faithful_a the_o question_n in_o dispute_n must_v necessary_o have_v be_v some_o opinion_n of_o less_o moment_n than_o the_o real_a presence_n the_o belief_n thereof_o or_o of_o the_o contrary_a can_v never_o have_v be_v hold_v indifferent_a by_o the_o faithful_a not_o to_o spend_v time_n in_o expose_v his_o absurd_a pretence_n to_o suppose_v a_o thing_n when_o he_o immediate_o assume_v and_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a i_o deny_v this_o consequence_n viz._n ratram_n do_v not_o call_v his_o adversary_n heretic_n but_o treat_v they_o as_o brethren_n therefore_o he_o do_v not_o write_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n all_o that_o can_v be_v conclude_v thence_o be_v that_o the_o adversary_n of_o that_o doctrine_n be_v then_o as_o they_o still_o be_v person_n of_o a_o more_o charitable_a and_o meek_a spirit_n than_o those_o who_o maintain_v and_o propagate_v it_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o heresy_n and_o some_o gross_a error_n who_o patron_n do_v not_o desert_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o ratram_n treat_v these_o err_v brethren_n as_o catholic_n and_o include_v they_o with_o their_o adversary_n in_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o faithful_a he_o must_v needs_o esteem_v the_o question_n in_o dispute_n of_o so_o little_a moment_n that_o it_o be_v indifferent_a which_o way_n it_o be_v hold_v it_o be_v plain_a he_o 11._o he_o num._n 11._o charge_v they_o with_o consequence_n very_o absurd_a 15._o absurd_a num._n 15._o with_o contradict_v themselves_o with_o subvert_v what_o they_o pretend_v to_o believe_v comprobantur_fw-la believe_v num._n 32._o sanctorum_fw-la scriptis_fw-la patrum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr comprobantur_fw-la and_o with_o contradict_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n which_o be_v no_o very_o slight_a accusation_n and_o show_v plain_o that_o he_o do_v not_o esteem_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o no_o moment_n whether_o his_o own_o or_o his_o adversary_n opinion_n be_v embrace_v his_o second_o reflection_n be_v that_o ratram_n can_v not_o possible_o write_v against_o paschase_n because_o he_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o miracle_n of_o christ_n apparition_n in_o the_o form_n of_o flesh_n allege_v by_o paschase_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o miracle_n any_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o his_o other_o argument_n since_o as_o it_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o notion_n and_o not_o the_o book_n of_o paschase_n against_o which_o he_o dispute_v he_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o opponent_n throughout_o and_o never_o answer_v one_o argument_n save_v that_o he_o once_o n._n 56._o obviate_n a_o objection_n from_o st._n ambrose_n 2._o that_o admit_v we_o to_o pretend_v that_o ratram_n encounter_v the_o book_n of_o paschase_n we_o may_v as_o fair_o from_o our_o author_n silence_n infer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o miracle_n allege_v in_o it_o but_o that_o those_o fable_n be_v since_o foist_v in_o m._n boileau_n say_v that_o blondel_n reject_v the_o whole_a chapter_n as_o spurious_a i_o have_v not_o his_o book_n at_o command_n to_o see_v his_o reason_n but_o i_o can_v believe_v he_o do_v it_o without_o all_o authority_n as_o be_v pretend_v m._n boileau_n 52._o boileau_n pref._n p._n 52._o himself_o say_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o two_o last_o miracle_n be_v foist_v in_o when_o he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o one_o old_a manuscript_n have_v all_o three_o but_o another_o more_o ancient_a only_a one._n if_o one_o superstitious_a monk_n take_v liberty_n to_o insert_v those_o two_o why_o may_v not_o the_o first_o which_o doubtless_o be_v the_o fiction_n of_o some_o greek_a monk_n after_o the_o second_o nicene_n synod_n together_o with_o the_o discourse_n that_o usher_v it_o in_o be_v a_o forgery_n too_o as_o for_o the_o story_n of_o gregory_n the_o great_a and_o the_o roman_a matron_n which_o be_v likewise_o foist_v into_o our_o saxon_a homily_n out_o of_o the_o life_n of_o that_o pope_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o paschase_n shall_v allege_v it_o since_o that_o life_n of_o gregory_n be_v not_o write_v in_o many_o year_n after_o 831._o after_o according_a to_o f._n maubillon_n a._n d._n 831._o paschase_n have_v publish_v his_o book_n and_o admit_v he_o to_o have_v live_v till_o 865._o which_o be_v fourteen_o year_n after_o the_o time_n when_o sirmondus_n say_v he_o die_v paschase_n must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o seven_o year_n in_o his_o grave_n before_o diacono_fw-la before_o vide_fw-la vossium_n de_fw-fr hist_n latin._n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o de_fw-fr joanne_n diacono_fw-la joannes_n diaconus_fw-la write_v the_o life_n of_o gregory_n in_o which_o only_o it_o occur_v and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o pope_n john_n the_o viii_o who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o papal_a throne_n a._n d._n 872._o that_o be_v about_o forty_o year_n after_o paschase_n first_o publish_v his_o book_n and_o above_o twenty_o after_o his_o 851._o his_o a._n d._n 851._o resignation_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o consequent_o after_o his_o second_o publication_n of_o it_o with_o a_o epistle_n to_o carolus_n calvus_n in_o which_o he_o style_v himself_o abbot_n as_o for_o the_o story_n of_o plegil_n the_o saxon_a presbyter_n who_o pray_v to_o see_v christ_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o child_n and_o obtain_v his_o request_n it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a presumption_n against_o the_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n thereof_o that_o it_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o interpolator_n of_o the_o saxon_a homily_n who_o will_v hardly_o have_v neglect_v so_o remarkable_a a_o miracle_n wrought_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o english_a priest_n but_o three_o not_o to_o stand_v expose_v the_o falsehood_n and_o impudence_n of_o these_o feign_a apparition_n or_o rather_o of_o their_o fabulous_a author_n pope_n author_n joannes_n diaconus_fw-la live_v near_o 300_o year_n after_o gregory_n pontificate_n be_v a_o fabulous_a writer_n and_o author_n of_o the_o story_n of_o trajan's_n soul_n be_v pray_v out_o of_o hell_n by_o that_o pope_n they_o all_o prove_v too_o much_o or_o else_o just_a nothing_o for_o either_o in_o these_o apparition_n they_o see_v what_o real_o be_v under_o the_o form_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o what_o real_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o sacrament_n or_o they_o do_v not_o if_o they_o do_v not_o the_o whole_a be_v a_o mere_a illusion_n and_o fancy_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o they_o do_v then_o christ_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o and_o three_o miracle_n be_v still_o a_o infant_n both_o the_o jew_n and_o the_o saxon_a priest_n be_v say_v to_o have_v see_v a_o little_a child_n again_o christ_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n as_o the_o jew_n see_v his_o body_n break_v in_o piece_n in_o st._n basil_n hand_n again_o every_o communicant_a do_v not_o receive_v christ_n entire_a but_o only_o some_o part_n of_o he_o for_o the_o roman_a matron_n see_v the_o piece_n which_o she_o be_v to_o receive_v turn_v 38._o turn_v he_o bam_fw-la ƿear_a ð_n aeteoƿed_fw-la seo_fw-la snae_v ðae_n husles_a ðe_fw-la heo_fw-la ðicgan_v sceolde_v sƿylce_o ðar_v laeg_fw-la on_o ðam_fw-la disce_fw-la anes_fw-la finger_n liþ_n aeal_a geblodgod_n hom._n sax._n fol._n 38._o into_o a_o joint_n of_o the_o little_a finger_n all_o bloody_a again_o at_o this_o rate_n christ_n must_v be_v actual_o slay_v and_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o altar_n be_v a_o bloody_a sacrifice_n for_o the_o jew_n be_v say_v to_o see_v his_o body_n divide_v in_o s._n basils_n hand_n and_o our_o saxon_a miracle_n monger_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o two_o monk_n see_v a_o angel_n with_o a_o sword_n at_o consecration_n divide_v the_o child_n body_n and_o pour_v his_o blood_n into_o the_o chalice_n and_o if_o so_o what_o become_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o concomitancy_n so_o that_o either_o these_o miracle_n prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o or_o else_o they_o prove_v what_o will_v as_o little_o consist_v with_o the_o romish_a belief_n as_o with_o we_o his_o three_o reflection_n be_v this_o that_o if_o ratram_n have_v be_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n he_o will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v reproach_v the_o greek_n with_o the_o belief_n of_o it_o in_o his_o four_o book_n write_v against_o they_o but_o this_o be_v a_o very_a trifle_a remark_n for_o this_o be_v a_o point_n upon_o which_o the_o greek_a as_o well_o as_o the_o latin_a church_n be_v at_o that_o time_n divide_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v unreasonable_a to_o reproach_n the_o whole_a church_n with_o the_o error_n of_o one_o party_n so_o it_o have_v be_v imprudent_o do_v to_o object_n to_o the_o greek_a a_o reproach_n which_o may_v have_v be_v
the_o jansenist_n acknowledge_v his_o ability_n his_o great_a reputation_n for_o learning_n in_o france_n and_o style_v he_o that_o learned_a benedictine_n etc._n etc._n i_o may_v add_v that_o servatus_fw-la lupus_fw-la treat_v he_o in_o his_o address_n as_o 79._o as_o clarissimo_fw-it svo_fw-la r._n lupus_fw-la ep._n 79._o a_o intimate_a and_o much_o esteem_v friend_n direct_v his_o epistle_n to_o his_o most_o dear_a rotrannus_n and_o 340._o and_o familiares_fw-la habuit_fw-la praestantissimos_fw-la quosque_fw-la svi_fw-la seculi_fw-la viros_fw-la hincmarum_fw-la rem_fw-la rhabanum_fw-la mog_n wenilonem_fw-la senon_n heriboldum_n ratbertum_fw-la corbeiensem_fw-la ratramnum_fw-la monachus_fw-la corbiensem_fw-la etc._n etc._n baluz_o in_o notis_fw-la at_o titulum_fw-la beati_fw-la lupi_fw-la p._n 340._o baluzius_n number_n he_o among_o the_o famous_a man_n who_o be_v the_o familiar_a acquaintance_n of_o that_o learned_a abbot_n as_o also_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la hirsaugiense_n publish_v by_o trithemius_n that_o he_o be_v a_o person_n well_o accomplish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o literature_n and_o many_o other_o proof_n of_o his_o admirable_a learning_n but_o i_o conceive_v those_o already_o produce_v will_v convince_v all_o unprejudiced_a person_n and_o since_o his_o other_o work_n have_v appear_v in_o print_n the_o adversary_n of_o his_o doctrine_n touch_v the_o real_a presence_n be_v ashamed_a to_o deny_v he_o right_o in_o this_o point_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o other_o art_n for_o the_o evade_n the_o force_n of_o his_o testimony_n of_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o church_n in_o that_o age._n to_o close_v this_o section_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o his_o write_n as_o well_o those_o which_o be_v not_o extant_a as_o those_o we_o have_v in_o print_n the_o first_o of_o his_o write_n extant_a be_v that_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o christ_n birth_n or_o of_o the_o virgin_n delivery_n this_o must_v have_v be_v write_v before_o the_o year_n 844._o 1618._o 844._o sirmondus_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la paschasii_fw-la radberti_fw-la operibus_fw-la praefixa_fw-la par._n 1618._o in_o which_o pascasius_fw-la radbertus_n be_v make_v abbot_n of_o corbey_n if_o peripsema_fw-la if_o mabillon_n in_o praef._n ad_fw-la acta_fw-la ben._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o c._n 3._o nu_fw-la 150._o monachorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la peripsema_fw-la f._n mabillon_n mistake_v not_o when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o two_o book_n on_o that_o argument_n be_v a_o confutation_n of_o ratramne_n for_o he_o do_v not_o style_v himself_o abbot_n but_o only_o the_o offscouring_a of_o all_o monk_n whereas_o in_o his_o peripsema_fw-la his_o ibidem_fw-la inter_fw-la acta_fw-la ben._n p._n 135._o humilis_fw-la &_o exiguus_fw-la radbertus_n vester_fw-ge etsi_fw-la indignus_fw-la abbas_n &_o levita_fw-la christi_fw-la monachorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la peripsema_fw-la epistle_n to_o carolus_n culvus_n publish_v by_o f._n mabillon_n he_o style_v himself_o abbot_n nor_o can_v his_o book_n be_v write_v after_o his_o resignation_n of_o that_o abbey_n be_v dedicate_v to_o theodrada_n abbess_n of_o soissons_fw-fr and_o her_o nun_n which_o supra_fw-la which_o mabil_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la theodrada_n die_v a._n d._n 846._o and_o he_o resign_v not_o till_o 851._o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o writing_n be_v news_n out_o of_o germany_n as_o i_o guess_v from_o new_a corbey_n which_o have_v much_o correspondence_n with_o this_o corbey_n in_o france_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o colony_n that_o some_o in_o those_o part_n hold_v strange_a opinion_n touch_v our_o saviour_n birth_n as_o though_o he_o come_v not_o out_o of_o his_o mother_n womb_n into_o the_o world_n the_o same_o way_n with_o other_o men._n in_o opposition_n to_o that_o doctrine_n 1._o doctrine_n vide_fw-la librum_fw-la ratramni_fw-la apud_fw-la dacherium_fw-la spicil_n tom._n 1._o ratramnus_n assert_n that_o christ_n be_v bear_v as_o other_o man_n and_o his_o virgin_n mother_n bear_v he_o as_o other_o woman_n bring_v forth_o to_o use_v 23._o use_v tertul._n de_fw-fr carne_n christi_fw-la c._n 23._o tertullian_n word_n patefacti_fw-la corporis_fw-la lege_fw-la those_o who_o opinion_n he_o confute_v be_v perhaps_o some_o of_o those_o novice_n for_o who_o use_n paschasius_fw-la have_v write_v his_o book_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o who_o have_v not_o only_o imbibe_v his_o doctrine_n touch_v the_o carnal_a presence_n of_o christ_n therein_o but_o may_v have_v also_o hear_v the_o manner_n of_o our_o saviour_n birth_n without_o open_v his_o mother_n womb_n allege_v to_o solve_v a_o objection_n against_o it_o for_o our_o adversary_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n now_o say_v 2._o say_v vide_fw-la guil._n forbesii_n consider_v modest_a de_fw-fr sacr._n euchar._n l._n 1._o c._n 2._o that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o impossible_a for_o one_o body_n to_o be_v in_o two_o place_n than_o for_o two_o body_n to_o be_v in_o one_o which_o they_o conceive_v must_v have_v happen_v in_o our_o saviour_n birth_n as_o also_o in_o his_o resurrection_n and_o come_v into_o his_o disciple_n the_o door_n be_v shut_v this_o may_v provoke_v paschasius_fw-la to_o write_v against_o our_o author_n as_o well_o as_o zeal_n for_o the_o bless_a virgin_n integrity_n and_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o on_o this_o subject_n i_o can_v wave_v so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n of_o do_v right_o to_o the_o ever_o memorable_a archbishop_n usher_n who_o lucas_n dacherius_n have_v publish_v this_o work_n reproach_v as_o a_o liar_n for_o say_v 11._o say_v vsserius_n in_o hist_n gottesc_n c._n 11._o that_o ratramnus_n in_o this_o work_n maintain_v the_o same_o doctrine_n which_o he_o have_v deliver_v in_o his_o book_n touch_v the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n whereas_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o eucharist_n in_o it_o and_o f._n mabillon_n who_o for_o his_o candour_n be_v no_o less_o to_o be_v honour_v than_o for_o his_o great_a learning_n impute_v it_o to_o prejudice_n or_o mistake_v but_o i_o need_v not_o use_v ibid._n use_v conringius_fw-la ad_fw-la antiquit._fw-la acad._n supplemento_fw-la 39_o apud_fw-la mabillon_n ibid._n conringius_n his_o shift_n to_o vindicate_v he_o and_o suppose_v dacherius_n have_v suppress_v those_o passage_n which_o induce_v the_o learned_a primate_n to_o say_v what_o he_o do_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o justify_v he_o that_o 333._o that_o apud_fw-la dacherium_fw-la spicil_n yom._n 1._o p._n 333._o ratramnus_n assert_n two_o thing_n which_o by_o consequence_n oppose_v transubstantiation_n and_o establish_v the_o contrary_a doctrine_n 153._o doctrine_n mabillon_n act._n ben._n praef._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o c._n 3._o nu_fw-la 153._o and_o this_o he_o notorious_o do_v 1._o in_o the_o very_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o his_o book_n contradict_v a_o illustration_n of_o that_o doctrine_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o christ_n birth_n 2._o by_o deny_v that_o christ_n though_o omnipresent_v in_o his_o divinity_n can_v in_o his_o body_n be_v in_o more_o than_o one_o place_n so_o that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o a_o new_a place_n he_o leave_v the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v before_o this_o opinion_n in_o its_o consequence_n maintain_v the_o doctrine_n of_o his_o book_n concern_v christ_n body_n though_o not_o express_o in_o term_n and_o this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o primate_n say_v and_o when_o we_o consider_v where_o the_o dispute_n concern_v christ_n birth_n begin_v and_o that_o paschasius_fw-la defend_v it_o what_o i_o have_v say_v will_v appear_v not_o improbable_a this_o book_n be_v also_o in_o manuscript_n in_o salisbury_n library_n and_o that_o of_o bennet_n college_n in_o cambridge_n on_o what_o occasion_n he_o write_v his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n i_o have_v already_o relate_v they_o be_v publish_v by_o mauguin_n and_o in_o the_o new_a bibliotheca_fw-la patrum_fw-la print_v at_o lion_n 1677._o tom._n xv._o p._n 442._o he_o likewise_o write_v a_o book_n about_o the_o year_n 853._o to_o justify_v a_o old_a hymn_n which_o confirmavit_fw-la which_o testae_fw-la ipso_fw-la hincmaro_n in_fw-la libro_fw-la de_fw-fr non_fw-fr trina_n deitate_fw-la operum_fw-la t._n 1._o 450._o et_fw-la mauguin_n dissert_n hist_o c._n 17._o dehinc_fw-la post_fw-la aliquot_fw-la annos_fw-la cum_fw-la hincmarus_n in_o ecclesia_fw-la remensi_fw-la vetustissimum_fw-la &_o receptissimum_fw-la hymni_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la hunc_fw-la versiculum_fw-la te_fw-la trina_n deitas_fw-la unaque_fw-la poscimus_fw-la cantari_fw-la vetuisset_fw-la ipse_fw-la ratramnus_n volumine_fw-la non_fw-la modicae_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la ad_fw-la hildegarium_fw-la meldensem_fw-la episcopum_fw-la edito_fw-la ex_fw-la libris_fw-la ss_z hilarii_n &_o augustini_fw-la de_fw-la trinitate_fw-la veterem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la traditionem_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la hincmarus_n of_o rheims_n have_v command_v to_o be_v alter_v and_o that_o instead_o of_o te_fw-la trina_n deitas_fw-la they_o shall_v sing_v te_fw-la summa_fw-la deitas_fw-la imagine_v the_o former_a expression_n to_o make_v three_o god_n against_o which_o order_n of_o hincmarus_n ratramnus_n write_v a_o large_a book_n assert_v the_o expression_n to_o be_v orthodox_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o st._n hilary_n and_o st._n augustine_n but_o this_o piece_n be_v lose_v he_o write_v another_o book_n &_o book_n
insist_v not_o upon_o it_o 2._o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o when_o the_o synod_n of_o vercellis_n and_o rome_n condemn_v scotus_n his_o book_n to_o the_o flame_n those_o who_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o decree_n especial_o in_o normandy_n and_o england_n lanfranc_n province_n may_v burn_v bertram_n for_o company_n and_o occasion_n the_o present_a scarcity_n of_o manuscript_n but_o to_o silence_v all_o these_o pretence_n and_o show_v that_o bertram_n book_n be_v no_o forgery_n not_o corrupt_v by_o heretical_a mixture_n nor_o yet_o write_v by_o scotus_n but_o ratramnus_n monk_n of_o corbey_n i_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o iningenuous_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o honest_a f._n mabillon_n who_o say_v 83._o act._n ben._n sec._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n p._n 45._o n._n 83._o travel_v in_o the_o netherlands_o i_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o lobez_n where_o among_o the_o few_o manuscript_n now_o remain_v i_o find_v two_o one_o book_n write_v 800_o year_n since_o contain_v two_o piece_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o the_o other_o of_o predestination_n the_o former_a one_o book_n the_o latter_a two_o the_o inscription_n and_o beginning_n of_o both_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o manuscript_n thus_o begin_v the_o book_n of_o ratrà nvs_n scotus_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o jo._n scotus_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n you_o command_v i_o glorious_a prince_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n thus_o begin_v the_o book_n of_o ratramnus_n concern_v god_n predestination_n to_o his_o glorious_a lord_n and_o most_o excellent_a king_n charles_n ratramnus_n etc._n etc._n as_o in_o the_o print_a book_n the_o other_o book_n be_v a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o library_n of_o lobez_n with_o this_o title_n a._n d._n 1049._o the_o friar_n of_o lobez_n take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o library_n find_v in_o it_o these_o book_n ratramnus_n of_o the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n one_o book_n the_o same_o author_n of_o god_n predestination_n two_o book_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o book_n which_o contain_v these_o piece_n of_o ratramnus_n be_v the_o very_a same_o set_v down_o in_o the_o catalogue_n a._n d._n 1049._o and_o write_v before_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o hand_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v a_o little_a before_o the_o ix_o century_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v the_o very_a book_n which_o herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobez_n use_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x_o century_n this_o be_v full_a proof_n that_o ratramnus_n be_v the_o author_n and_o that_o the_o book_n be_v no_o modern_a forgery_n be_v 800_o year_n old_a well_o but_o have_v it_o not_o be_v corrupt_v and_o interpolate_v by_o heretic_n let_v f._n mabillon_n answer_v again_o touch_v the_o sincerity_n of_o the_o edition_n of_o this_o book_n i_o compare_v say_v he_o the_o lobez_n manuscript_n with_o the_o print_a book_n 130._o ibid._n p._n 64._o nu_fw-la 130._o and_o the_o read_n be_v true_a except_o in_o some_o faulty_a place_n which_o i_o correct_v by_o the_o excellent_a lobez_n manuscript_n there_o be_v it_o be_v that_o word_n be_v &_o existit_fw-la p._n which_o i_o have_v insert_v into_o the_o text_n upon_o f._n mabillon_n authority_n let_v the_o papist_n make_v their_o best_a of_o it_o one_o word_n of_o some_o moment_n omit_v which_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o say_v be_v fraudulent_o leave_v out_o by_o the_o heretic_n the_o first_o publisher_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o appear_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o unfaithfulness_n in_o other_o place_n thus_o do_v this_o learned_a and_o ingenuous_a benedictine_n testify_v that_o the_o book_n we_o now_o publish_v be_v a_o genuine_a piece_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n that_o ratramnus_n monk_n of_o corbey_n be_v the_o true_a author_n and_o that_o his_o work_n be_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n sincere_a and_o without_o heretical_a mixture_n either_o of_o berengarius_fw-la or_o wiclef_n disciple_n magnum_fw-la disciple_n mabil_n iter_fw-la germanicum_n praefixum_fw-la analect_n tom._n iv_o incipit_fw-la libre_fw-la ratramni_fw-la de_fw-fr perceptione_n corporis_fw-la &_o sanguinis_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la magnum_fw-la beside_o the_o lobez_n ms._n the_o same_o father_n in_o his_o german_a voyage_n meet_v with_o another_o in_o the_o monastery_n of_o salem_n weiler_n which_o he_o judge_v by_o the_o hand_n to_o be_v 700_o year_n old_a this_o give_v the_o title_n in_o the_o end_n as_o the_o lobez_n ms._n but_o in_o the_o beginning_n style_v it_o the_o book_n of_o ratramne_n of_o receive_v the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood._n to_o charles_n the_o great_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o author_n in_o some_o controvert_v expression_n before_o we_o can_v comprehend_v the_o sentiment_n of_o ratramnus_n in_o the_o controversy_n depend_v between_o we_o and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n touch_v christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o settle_v and_o clear_v his_o true_a meaning_n in_o some_o term_n which_o frequent_o occur_v in_o this_o tract_n because_o our_o adversaris_fw-la by_o abuse_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o they_o and_o expound_v they_o according_a to_o the_o prejudices_fw-la wherewith_o education_n have_v possess_v they_o seem_v to_o think_v bertram_z their_o own_o and_o charge_v we_o with_o impudence_n and_o folly_n in_o pretend_v to_o his_o authority_n those_o term_n which_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v the_o principal_a key_n of_o the_o whole_a discourse_n and_o well_o understand_v will_v open_v our_o author_n mind_n therein_o that_o 50._o that_o quod_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la ore_fw-la fidelium_fw-la sumitur_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la christi_fw-la qu._n 1._o 1._o 5._o quod_fw-la ore_fw-la fidelium_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la mysterium_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la quotidie_fw-la sumitur_fw-la q._n 2._o sect_n 50._o which_o the_o mouth_n receive_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o both_o question_n not_o what_o the_o faithful_a receive_v any_o way_n but_o what_o their_o tooth_n press_v their_o throat_n swallow_v and_o their_o belly_n receive_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o whether_o his_o natural_a body_n or_o not_o in_o the_o first_o question_n there_o be_v two_o opposite_a term_n 16._o term_n see_v they_o explain_v by_o bertram_n himself_o sect_n 7_o 8._o and_o he_o determine_v the_o sacramental_a change_n to_o be_v figurative_o wrought_v not_o corporal_o sect_n 9_o 16._o and_o support_v himself_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o st._n augustine_n de_fw-fr doctr._n christ_n l._n 3._o c._n 16._o figure_n and_o truth_n figure_n figure_n the_o word_n figure_n when_o apply_v to_o term_n or_o proposition_n be_v take_v in_o a_o rhetorical_a sense_n and_o imply_v those_o expression_n not_o to_o be_v proper_a but_o either_o metaphor_n or_o metonymy_n etc._n etc._n as_o when_o christ_n be_v call_v a_o vine_n when_o apply_v to_o thing_n as_o the_o consecrate_a element_n figure_n and_o mystery_n be_v of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o imply_v the_o thing_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v a_o sign_n or_o representation_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n truth_n verity_n or_o truth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a verity_n or_o truth_n in_o this_o tract_n when_o apply_v to_o term_n or_o proposition_n signify_v propriety_n of_o speech_n but_o when_o apply_v to_o thing_n it_o import_v precede_v import_v in_o proprietate_fw-la substantialiter_fw-la in_fw-la manifestationis_fw-la luce_n in_o veritatis_fw-la simplicitate_fw-la in_o this_o tract_n be_v equivalent_a to_o natural_o and_o in_o verity_n of_o nature_n this_o the_o saxon_a homily_n very_o well_o clear_v and_o as_o superficie_fw-la tenus_fw-la considerata_fw-la answer_v to_o in_o proprietate_fw-la a_o little_a before_o in_o bertram_n sect_n 19_o so_o in_o the_o saxon_a homily_n superficie_fw-la tenus_fw-la considerata_fw-la be_v render_v after_o bodily_a understanding_n which_o answer_v to_o true_a nature_n immediate_o precede_v truth_n of_o nature_n so_o then_o ratramnus_n determine_v the_o first_o question_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v proper_o but_o figurative_o and_o that_o the_o consecrate_a element_n oral_o receive_v by_o the_o faithful_a be_v not_o the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n but_o the_o figure_n or_o sacrament_n of_o it_o though_o not_o mere_a empty_a figure_n or_o naked_a sign_n void_a of_o all_o efficacy_n but_o such_o as_o through_o the_o blessing_n annex_v to_o our_o saviour_n institution_n and_o the_o powerful_a operation_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n work_v in_o and_o by_o those_o sacred_a figure_n be_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n beside_o this_o verity_n another_o sense_n of_o verity_n verity_n or_o truth_n have_v yet_o another_o sense_n as_o it_o stand_v oppose_v to_o a_o lie_n or_o falshood_n for_o a_o proposition_n
which_o the_o outward_a sense_n behold_v that_o which_o the_o bodily_a eye_n see_v that_o which_o be_v outward_o see_v or_o do_v corporeal_a that_o which_o the_o tooth_n press_v or_o the_o mouth_n receive_v that_o which_o feed_v the_o body_n that_o which_o appear_v outward_o import_v the_o sensible_a quality_n to_o be_v all_o that_o we_o have_v to_o judge_v the_o nature_n of_o visible_a object_n by_o its_o extension_n and_o figure_n its_o colour_n its_o smell_n its_o taste_n its_o solidity_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o those_o phrase_n imply_v the_o accident_n without_o the_o substance_n but_o they_o be_v description_n of_o the_o sacramental_a symbol_n or_o outward_a sign_n and_o to_o these_o be_v oppose_v that_o which_o faith_n or_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o mind_n only_o behold_v that_o which_o we_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v inward_o contain_v or_o spiritual_o see_v or_o do_v that_o which_o faith_n receive_v the_o secret_a virtue_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o sacrament_n the_o save_a benefit_n of_o it_o that_o which_o feed_v the_o soul_n and_o minister_n the_o sustenance_n of_o eternal_a life_n all_o expression_n equivalent_a to_o the_o thing_n signify_v or_o the_o grace_n wrought_v by_o the_o sacrament_n also_o invisible_o and_o inward_o be_v general_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o spiritual_o these_o be_v the_o term_n who_o ambiguity_n popish_a writer_n common_o abuse_v when_o they_o go_v about_o to_o persuade_v we_o that_o ratramnus_n in_o this_o book_n assert_v the_o real_a presence_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o be_v for_o transubstantiation_n which_o any_o man_n that_o read_v he_o will_v find_v as_o difficult_a to_o believe_v as_o transubstantiation_n itself_o chap._n v._o that_o this_o treatise_n express_o confute_v the_o dostrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o 850_o by_o bellarm._n de_fw-fr script_n eccles_n de_fw-fr paschasio_n radberto_n ad_fw-la a._n d._n 850_o bellarmine_n that_o the_o first_o who_o write_v express_o and_o at_o large_a concern_v the_o verity_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o eucharist_n be_v paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n though_o he_o and_o possevine_v to_o mention_v no_o more_o mistake_v gross_o in_o say_v that_o he_o write_v against_o bertram_n and_o sirmondus_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o explain_v the_o 1618._o the_o genuinum_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la catholicae_fw-la sensum_fw-la ita_fw-la primus_fw-la explicuit_fw-la ut_fw-la viam_fw-la caeteris_fw-la aperuerit_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la eodem_fw-la argumento_fw-la multi_fw-la postea_fw-la scripsere_fw-la sirmond_n in_o vita_fw-la paschasii_fw-la praefixa_fw-la operibus_fw-la in_o folio_n par._n 1618._o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n so_o as_o to_o open_v the_o way_n for_o other_o who_o have_v since_o write_v on_o that_o subject_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o before_o i_o propose_v distinct_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o our_o own_o church_n that_o i_o say_v somewhat_o of_o radbertus_n and_o his_o sentiment_n which_o our_o adversary_n own_o to_o be_v a_o true_a exposition_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o church_n that_o bertram_n as_o bellarmine_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o first_o that_o call_v transubstantiation_n in_o question_n we_o be_v not_o much_o to_o wonder_v since_o radbertus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o broach_v that_o error_n in_o the_o western_a church_n and_o no_o error_n can_v be_v write_v against_o till_o it_o be_v publish_v and_o 1._o and_o contra_fw-la quem_fw-la i._n e._n paschasium_n satis_fw-la argumentantur_fw-la &_o rabanus_n in_o epistola_fw-la ad_fw-la egilonem_fw-la abbatem_fw-la &_o ratramnus_n libro_fw-la composito_fw-la ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la regem_fw-la apud_fw-la cellotium_fw-la opusc_n il._n cap._n 1._o herigerus_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o not_o only_a ratramnus_n but_o also_o rabanus_n write_v against_o he_o and_o by_o compare_v circumstance_n of_o time_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o his_o book_n do_v not_o long_o pass_v uncontradict_v if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o preface_n of_o ibidem_fw-la of_o vide_fw-la epistolum_fw-la ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la apud_fw-la mabillonium_n act._n ben._n sec._n 4._o p._n 2._o p._n 135._o placidio_fw-la meo_fw-la warino_n abbati_n quem_fw-la etiam_fw-la abbatem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la constat_fw-la ex_fw-la prologo_fw-la paschasii_fw-la ideo_fw-la sic_fw-la communius_fw-la volui_fw-la stilo_fw-it temperare_fw-la subulco_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la sacramento_n corporis_fw-la &_o sanguinis_fw-la christi_fw-la sunt_fw-la necessaria_fw-la rescire_fw-la quos_fw-la necdum_fw-la unda_fw-la liberalium_fw-la attigerat_fw-la literarum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la pabulum_fw-la &_o salutis_fw-la haustum_fw-la planius_fw-la caperent_fw-la ad_fw-la medelam_fw-la ibidem_fw-la paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o book_n be_v not_o controversal_a but_o didactical_a and_o though_o dedicate_v to_o warinus_n once_o his_o scholar_n but_o then_o abbot_n of_o new_a corbey_n yet_o it_o be_v write_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o low_a style_n as_o design_v for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o new_a corbey_n as_o much_o novice_n in_o christianity_n as_o in_o the_o religion_n of_o st._n benedict_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o initiate_v in_o any_o sort_n of_o good_a literature_n and_o to_o teach_v they_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n this_o new_a corbey_n be_v found_v by_o st._n adelardus_fw-la the_o next_o year_n after_o his_o return_n from_o exile_n viz._n a._n d._n 822._o and_o the_o place_n choose_v as_o convenient_o seat_v for_o the_o propagation_n of_o christianity_n among_o the_o pagan_a saxon_n late_o conquer_a by_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o ludovicus_n pius_n and_o therefore_o this_o book_n of_o ejusdem_fw-la of_o vide_fw-la mabillonium_n a._n b._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o praef._n de_fw-fr paschas_fw-la radberto_n &_o in_o elogio_fw-la historico_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la radbertus_n can_v not_o be_v write_v as_o some_o conjecture_n during_o the_o banishment_n of_o adelardus_fw-la which_o last_v seven_o year_n from_o 814._o to_o 821._o in_o regard_v the_o society_n for_o who_o use_n it_o be_v write_v be_v not_o erect_v till_o afterward_o nor_o be_v warinus_n to_o who_o radbert_n give_v the_o name_n of_o placidius_n as_o he_o do_v to_o himself_o the_o name_n of_o paschasius_fw-la abbot_n till_o the_o death_n of_o adelardus_fw-la a._n d._n 826._o the_o ground_n of_o the_o mistake_n be_v the_o opinion_n that_o prevail_v till_o the_o live_v of_o adelardus_fw-la and_o wala_n write_v by_o radbertus_n be_v publish_v by_o f._n mabillon_n viz._n that_o scriptae_fw-la that_o exit_fw-la vita_fw-la s._n walae_fw-la à _fw-la paschasio_fw-la radberto_n scriptae_fw-la arsenius_n mention_v in_o the_o prologue_n be_v adelardus_fw-la whereas_o now_o it_o appear_v that_o radbertus_n constant_o call_v adelardus_fw-la by_o the_o name_n of_o antonius_n and_o wala_n his_o brother_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o government_n of_o old_a corbey_n by_o that_o of_o arsenius_n and_o it_o be_v during_o wala_n banishment_n that_o paschasius_fw-la write_v his_o book_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la &_o sanguine_a domini_fw-la or_o as_o he_o style_v it_o of_o the_o sacrament_n which_o happen_v a._n d._n 830._o and_o last_v two_o year_n so_o that_o paschasius_fw-la his_o book_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v a._n d._n 831._o that_o be_v thirteen_o year_n late_a than_o former_o it_o be_v think_v but_o though_o the_o book_n be_v then_o first_o write_v on_o this_o occasion_n possit_fw-la occasion_n nunc_fw-la autem_fw-la dirigere_fw-la non_fw-la timui_fw-la vobis_fw-la quatenus_fw-la nobis_fw-la operis_fw-la praestantior_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la exuberet_fw-la fructus_fw-la mercedis_fw-la pro_fw-la sudore_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la ad_fw-la plurimos_fw-la pervenerit_fw-la commendatus_fw-la pasch_fw-mi radbert_n in_o ep._n ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la apud_fw-la mabillon_n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o p._n 135._o &_o p._n 136._o et_fw-la ut_fw-la hoc_fw-la diligentius_fw-la perlegat_fw-la vestre_fw-fr sagax_fw-la intelligentia_fw-la prostatis_fw-la imploro_fw-la precibus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la vestro_fw-la examine_v comprobatus_fw-la codex_fw-la etsi_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la ad_fw-la plurimos_fw-la pervenit_fw-la deinoeps_fw-la securius_fw-la haberi_fw-la possit_fw-la paschasius_fw-la to_o recommend_v his_o doctrine_n with_o the_o better_a advantage_n by_o his_o own_o dignity_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o prince_n sometime_o after_o his_o promotion_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o corbey_n write_v a_o epistle_n to_o carolus_n calvus_n and_o send_v he_o this_o book_n though_o write_v many_o year_n before_o as_o a_o present_a or_o new-years-gift_n upon_o the_o receipt_n of_o this_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o carolus_n calvus_n propound_v those_o two_o question_n to_o ratramnus_n and_o upon_o his_o answer_n those_o feud_n may_v grow_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o corbey_n which_o make_v paschasius_fw-la weary_v of_o the_o place_n and_o resign_v his_o abbey_n in_o the_o year_n 851._o in_o which_o sirmondus_n suppose_v he_o die_v but_o f._n mabillon_n give_v good_a reason_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o live_v till_o 865._o that_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o
be_v the_o same_o body_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n suffer_v on_o the_o cross_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o grave_a as_o paschasius_fw-la do_v and_o the_o other_o put_v the_o proposition_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o question_n and_o determine_v it_o in_o the_o negative_a as_o question_n as_o through_o the_o whole_a discussion_n of_o the_o second_o question_n bertram_n have_v do_v i_o conceive_v there_o need_v no_o witness_n to_o make_v any_o man_n who_o be_v not_o sink_v quite_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n into_o scepticism_n believe_v that_o this_o latter_a oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o former_a but_o second_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o no_o body_n have_v mention_v he_o as_o a_o adversary_n to_o paschasius_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v that_o f._n cellot_v anonymous_n author_n have_v express_o affirm_v it_o and_o though_o he_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o invalidate_v his_o credit_n by_o say_v of_o he_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n do_v of_o m._n imbert_n scavoir_fw-fr imbert_n see_v the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n his_o letter_n in_o the_o vindication_n of_o his_o exposition_n p._n 116._o vn_fw-fr homme_fw-fr sans_fw-fr nom_fw-fr comme_fw-fr sans_fw-fr scavoir_fw-fr he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o neither_o repute_n nor_o learning_n that_o he_o be_v a_o author_n of_o little_a sense_n or_o merit_n who_o name_n or_o age_n can_v be_v discover_v this_o will_v not_o serve_v his_o turn_n for_o the_o credibility_n of_o a_o witness_n depend_v more_o upon_o a_o man_n honesty_n and_o the_o mean_n he_o have_v of_o true_o inform_v himself_o touch_v the_o matter_n he_o atte_v than_o on_o his_o renown_n or_o deep_a learning_n a_o ordinary_a parish_n priest_n may_v be_v as_o credible_a a_o witness_n of_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n within_o his_o knowledge_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n or_o the_o dean_n of_o the_o metropolitical_a church_n of_o sens._n we_o be_v in_o a_o miserable_a case_n if_o none_o under_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o dean_n can_v tell_v truth_n or_o if_o we_o be_v to_o know_v no_o more_o than_o some_o sorbon_n doctor_n be_v content_a to_o let_v we_o but_o what_o if_o mr._n boileau_n be_v mistake_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o all_o mankind_n he_o have_v little_a sense_n or_o reason_n and_o that_o his_o age_n be_v unknown_a what_o if_o his_o time_n and_o name_n be_v well_o know_v and_o he_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o author_n of_o some_o figure_n and_o note_n for_o learning_n f._n celeberrimus_fw-la f._n acta_fw-la ben._n s._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 48._o proinde_fw-la auctorem_fw-la herigerum_fw-la abbatem_fw-la laubiensem_fw-la affirmare_fw-la non_fw-la vereor_fw-la de_fw-fr herigero_fw-la autem_fw-la girardus_n in_fw-la vita_fw-la adalbardi_n corbeiensis_fw-la apud_fw-la mabillon_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 48._o abbas_n laubiensis_fw-la herigerus_fw-la qui_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la inter_fw-la sapientes_fw-la habebatur_fw-la celeberrimus_fw-la mabillon_n think_v he_o know_v both_o his_o name_n and_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o mean_a a_o person_n than_o herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobe_n who_o live_v about_o 120_o year_n after_o ratram_n but_o if_o the_o discovery_n have_v never_o be_v make_v it_o be_v a_o slender_a argument_n that_o he_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o publishing_n because_o sirmondus_n and_o archbishop_n usher_n can_v have_v publish_v he_o but_o do_v not_o how_o many_o other_o author_n which_o they_o can_v have_v publish_v but_o do_v not_o must_v be_v judge_v worthless_a scribbler_n if_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n let_v m._n boileau_n despise_v he_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v he_o be_v a_o far_o better_a witness_n that_o ratram_n write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la than_o any_o he_o can_v produce_v to_o inform_v we_o who_o those_o divine_n be_v in_o the_o nine_o century_n that_o hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o abbaudus_n and_o prior_n gaultier_n the_o imaginary_a adversary_n which_o he_o make_v he_o to_o encounter_v he_o can_v neither_o show_v the_o book_n of_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o opinion_n be_v teach_v nor_o yet_o prove_v by_o any_o author_n that_o they_o be_v then_o hold_v by_o any_o body_n that_o 4._o that_o preface_n p._n 4._o neither_o sigebertus_n gemblacensis_fw-la nor_o trithemius_n who_o both_o mention_n this_o tract_n say_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o be_v write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la be_v no_o convince_a proof_n that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o those_o author_n ordinary_o give_v we_o no_o further_o account_v of_o book_n than_o the_o bare_a title_n afford_v and_o they_o omit_v many_o unquestionable_a work_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o they_o mention_v f._n mabillon_n 150._o mabillon_n acta_fw-la ben._n s._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 149._o 150._o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o two_o book_n de_fw-fr partu_fw-la virgin_n be_v write_v by_o paschasius_fw-la against_o ratram_n book_n on_o that_o subject_a yet_o neither_o sigebert_n or_o trithemius_n say_v one_o word_n of_o that_o dispute_n nor_o can_v m._n boileau_n produce_v any_o one_o writer_n from_o those_o time_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n who_o so_o much_o as_o mention_n it_o neither_o the_o pope_n nor_o those_o council_n which_o they_o assemble_v against_o berengarius_fw-la at_o rome_n and_o verceli_n doubt_v but_o joannes_n scotus_n write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o 95._o neither_o no_o very_o accurate_a writer_n who_o make_v two_o author_n of_o joannes_n scotus_n and_o joannes_n erigena_n as_o mr._n sclater_n or_o his_o printer_n do_v p._n 76._o trithem_n de_fw-fr script_n eccles_n fol._n 63._o &_o 65._o quarto_fw-la paris_n 1512._o sigeb_n cap._n 65._o &_o cap._n 95._o trithemius_n nor_o sigebert_n 1113._o sigebert_n he_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv_o against_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o &_o paschal_n ii_o and_o die_v a._n d._n 1113._o who_o live_v and_o be_v a_o writer_n in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o berengarius_fw-la say_v one_o syllable_n of_o it_o as_o for_o bishop_n fisher_n he_o do_v not_o as_o m._n boileau_n pretend_v cite_v pretend_v preface_n p._n 4._o qui_fw-fr le_fw-fr cite_v cite_v bertram_n he_o only_o mention_n his_o name_n among_o other_o catholic_n writer_n on_o that_o subject_a his_o second_o argument_n conclude_v as_o little_a as_o the_o first_o for_o we_o pretend_v not_o that_o this_o tract_n be_v write_v against_o the_o book_n of_o paschasius_fw-la but_o only_o against_o his_o sentiment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o prince_n who_o propound_v those_o two_o question_n that_o he_o meddle_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o if_o he_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o whilst_o paschasius_fw-la be_v abbot_n of_o corbey_n there_o be_v another_o obvious_a reason_n for_o his_o silence_n in_o that_o point_n but_o though_o we_o confess_v that_o this_o tract_n confute_v not_o the_o book_n of_o paschasius_fw-la yet_o we_o think_v it_o too_o bold_o say_v 21._o say_v preface_n p._n 21._o that_o it_o make_v as_o little_a mention_n of_o the_o real_a presence_n and_o transubstantiation_n as_o it_o do_v of_o stercoranism_n unless_o his_o meaning_n be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o those_o proper_a term_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o assure_v that_o veritas_fw-la in_o bertram_n do_v not_o signify_v verity_n of_o nature_n but_o such_o a_o verity_n as_o be_v discern_v by_o our_o bodily_a sense_n otherwise_o he_o must_v retract_v this_o confident_a assertion_n and_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o believe_v some_o other_o great_a doctor_n etc._n doctor_n espenceus_n genebrard_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o sorbon_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o both_o mention_n and_o deny_v they_o but_o whether_o he_o do_v or_o not_o as_o also_o whether_o he_o use_v term_n proper_a to_o establish_v transubstantiation_n i_o shall_v have_v a_o fit_a occasion_n hereafter_o of_o discourse_v with_o our_o author_n and_o shall_v therefore_o proceed_v to_o consider_v what_o he_o can_v fair_o collect_v from_o the_o favourable_a opinion_n which_o some_o learned_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v have_v of_o this_o piece_n the_o louvain_n doctor_n think_v he_o need_v a_o comment_n to_o give_v he_o a_o tolerable_a sense_n and_o though_o write_v invisible_o for_o visible_o be_v but_o the_o correction_n of_o a_o typographical_a error_n yet_o the_o exposition_n of_o external_a species_n or_o accident_n of_o the_o creature_n where_o the_o author_n say_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o the_o other_o that_o follow_v be_v a_o gloss_n that_o mar_v the_o text_n at_o least_o when_o 7._o when_o index_n exp._n philippi_n ii_o regis_n catholici_fw-la jussu_fw-la ant._n 1571._o p._n 7._o the_o expositor_n themselves_o confess_v that_o bertram_n know_v not_o that_o the_o accident_n do_v subsist_v without_o their_o subject_n and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v all_o they_o can_v by_o way_n of_o exposition_n they_o think_v it_o necessary_a etc._n
bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n in_o which_o our_o lord_n suffer_v on_o the_o cross_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o grave_a be_v the_o same_o body_n which_o be_v receive_v from_o off_o the_o altar_n against_o which_o error_n etc._n etc._n i_o hence_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o opinion_n censure_v by_o he_o be_v the_o express_a doctrine_n of_o paschase_n and_o the_o roman_a church_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o colour_n for_o m._n boileau_n to_o say_v that_o he_o censure_v man_n who_o hold_v the_o accident_n to_o be_v christ_n body_n for_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o body_n receive_v from_o the_o altar_n which_o he_o will_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v somewhat_o beside_o the_o sensible_a figure_n and_o accident_n of_o the_o consecrate_a element_n 2._o he_o censure_v this_o opinion_n as_o a_o falsehood_n and_o error_n against_o which_o he_o have_v purposely_o write_v 3._o he_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o late_a opinion_n so_o that_o it_o have_v not_o antiquity_n to_o plead_v 4._o he_o represent_v it_o as_o no_o universal_a opinion_n but_o as_o the_o sentiment_n of_o some_o few_o erronei_fw-la few_o 1._o quidam_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la ubique_fw-la 2._o nuper_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la 3_o non_fw-fr rite_n sentientes_fw-la ergo_fw-la erronei_fw-la so_o that_o in_o short_a the_o doctrine_n which_o be_v make_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o eleven_o century_n be_v in_o the_o nine_o century_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o probable_a opinion_n but_o reject_v by_o rabanus_n as_o a_o false_a novel_a and_o private_a opinion_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n the_o ancient_n catholic_n and_o true_a belief_n of_o christ_n church_n if_o mr._n boileau_n can_v produce_v any_o piece_n of_o the_o nine_o century_n wherein_o the_o proposition_n censure_v by_o rabanus_n and_o ratram_n be_v expound_v as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o or_o that_o contradict_v cellot_n anonymus_fw-la we_o will_v ready_o yield_v the_o point_n in_o dispute_n but_o that_o without_o any_o proof_n nay_o against_o so_o notorious_a evidence_n and_o so_o express_v a_o testimony_n he_o shall_v hope_v to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o his_o own_o chimera_n touch_v the_o design_n and_o adversary_n of_o bertram_n in_o this_o book_n argue_v a_o degree_n of_o confidence_n unbecoming_a a_o divine_a of_o his_o character_n f._n mabillon_n fussse_n mabillon_n a._n b._n s._n 4._o p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 56._o rabanum_n ratramnum_fw-la anonymum_fw-la herigerum_fw-la aliosque_fw-la siqui_fw-la sint_fw-la paschasii_fw-la adversarios_fw-la in_o real_a christi_fw-la corporis_fw-la in_o sacramento_n praesentia_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la convenisse_fw-la &_o contentionem_fw-la hanc_fw-la in_o vocum_fw-la pugna_fw-la sitam_fw-la fussse_n have_v more_o ingenuity_n and_o discretion_n than_o to_o attempt_v it_o and_o frank_o confess_v that_o both_o these_o writer_n do_v dispute_v against_o paschase_n though_o to_o salve_v all_o again_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o believe_v the_o real_a presence_n as_o much_o as_o he_o do_v that_o they_o differ_v only_o in_o word_n not_o in_o doctrine_n so_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o verbal_a than_o a_o real_a controversy_n but_o by_o this_o learned_a father_n leave_n the_o difference_n appear_v much_o more_o weighty_a paschase_n and_o his_o adversary_n be_v at_o as_o wide_a a_o distance_n as_o protestant_n and_o papist_n and_o of_o this_o the_o reader_n will_v be_v satisfy_v upon_o perusal_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o my_o dissertation_n wherein_o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschase_n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o ratram_n contrary_a doctrine_n and_o have_v from_o the_o author_n himself_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o have_v use_v those_o term_n which_o seem_v proper_a to_o establish_v transubstantiation_n but_o real_o overthrow_v it_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o new_a and_o bold_a figure_n which_o m._n boileau_n have_v be_v force_v to_o invent_v hitherto_o i_o have_v be_v detect_v the_o weakness_n of_o those_o argument_n which_o this_o doctor_n make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v his_o paradox_n that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o ratram_n be_v conformable_a to_o that_o of_o paschase_n and_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o shall_v now_o offer_v some_o few_o reason_n that_o convince_v i_o of_o the_o contrary_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o strong_a presumption_n of_o this_o author_n be_v against_o they_o that_o for_o above_o 120_o year_n together_o after_o his_o first_o appearance_n in_o print_n their_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n have_v with_o one_o consent_n yield_v the_o point_n i_o will_v not_o except_v his_o louvain_n friend_n who_o expedient_a to_o make_v he_o orthodox_n be_v with_o good_a reason_n by_o m._n alix_n declare_v impracticable_a since_o the_o appearance_n of_o manuscript_n for_o they_o justify_v those_o passage_n to_o be_v genuine_a which_o the_o louvain_n divine_n will_v have_v expunge_v as_o spurious_a mixture_n if_o bertram_n be_v so_o full_a and_o considerable_a a_o witness_n of_o the_o perpetuity_n of_o their_o faith_n touch_v the_o presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o their_o supreme_a judge_n of_o controversy_n have_v treat_v he_o as_o a_o knight_n of_o the_o post_n the_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o former_a day_n be_v not_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o expound_v which_o be_v now_o practise_v with_o so_o much_o applause_n but_o have_v show_v themselves_o much_o great_a master_n in_o it_o than_o m._n boileau_n and_o have_v use_v it_o with_o great_a dexterity_n for_o evade_n the_o testimony_n produce_v out_o of_o other_o father_n by_o our_o divine_n against_o transubstantiation_n nor_o can_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v breed_v under_o the_o strong_a prepossession_n and_o prejudices_fw-la for_o the_o real_a presence_n and_o consequent_o as_o well_o dispose_v to_o understand_v all_o the_o obscure_a and_o harsh_a passage_n of_o this_o book_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o own_o church_n if_o the_o word_n can_v possible_o have_v bear_v it_o if_o it_o be_v now_o so_o plain_a as_o 25._o as_o nous_fw-fr avons_fw-fr son_fw-fr liure_fw-fr il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr faut_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr lire_fw-fr pref._n p._n 24._o 25._o m._n dean_n of_o sens_n will_v have_v it_o think_v that_o bertram_n write_v neither_o against_o the_o stercoranist_n nor_o the_o real_a presence_n if_o the_o very_a read_n of_o the_o book_n be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v a_o man_n thereof_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n with_o other_o eminent_a prelate_n and_o doctor_n have_v conspire_v in_o the_o condemnation_n of_o so_o useful_a and_o orthodox_n a_o work_n to_o pass_v a_o 5._o a_o pref._n p._n 5._o sentence_n quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o merit_n and_o such_o as_o no_o man_n who_o have_v well_o examine_v it_o can_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v do_v they_o condemn_v it_o without_o examination_n then_o god_n preserve_v we_o from_o such_o judge_n do_v they_o not_o understand_v the_o book_n or_o do_v they_o want_v skill_n to_o try_v it_o by_o the_o roman_a standard_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v think_v so_o mean_o of_o the_o trent_n father_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o censure_v book_n and_o who_o compose_v the_o index_n what_o pity_n be_v it_o that_o no_o artist_n of_o that_o time_n can_v furnish_v those_o father_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o m._n boileau_n spectacle_n f._n mabillon_n continere_fw-la mabillon_n a._n b._n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la n_o 126._o at_o cum_fw-la haec_fw-la classis_fw-la contineat_fw-la libros_fw-la qui_fw-la propter_fw-la doctrinam_fw-la quam_fw-la continent_n non_fw-la sanam_fw-la aut_fw-la suspectam_fw-la rejiciuntur_fw-la nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o ratramni_fw-la fidem_fw-la inferri_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la ob_fw-la duriores_fw-la quasdam_fw-la &_o obscuriores_fw-la sententias_fw-la suspectam_fw-la doctrinam_fw-la visus_fw-la est_fw-la continere_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o bertram_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o index_n which_o consist_v of_o condemn_a author_n but_o in_o the_o second_o class_n in_o which_o the_o work_n of_o catholic_n writer_n contain_v false_a or_o suspect_a doctrine_n be_v prohibit_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v hence_o conclude_v against_o the_o soundness_n of_o his_o doctrine_n but_o only_o that_o some_o harsh_a and_o obscure_a sentence_n render_v it_o suspect_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o nothing_o appear_v in_o the_o censure_n by_o which_o we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o book_n be_v prohibit_v only_o for_o suspect_v doctrine_n and_o not_o for_o unsound_a doctrine_n which_o be_v also_o assign_v as_o the_o reason_n why_o some_o book_n of_o catholic_n divine_n be_v reject_v 2._o if_o the_o censor_n of_o book_n have_v only_o reject_v bertram_n for_o the_o obscurity_n of_o his_o expression_n or_o suspicious_a doctrine_n and_o not_o for_o false_a and_o unsound_a doctrine_n why_o may_v they_o not_o have_v allow_v he_o as_o they_o have_v do_v other_o in_o the_o same_o class_n the_o favour_n
of_o the_o nine_o century_n the_o age_n immediate_o before_o he_o and_o of_o the_o true_a importance_n of_o the_o controvert_v term_n and_o phrase_n of_o this_o book_n from_o aelfric_n than_o from_o mr._n boileau_n or_o any_o interest_v writer_n of_o these_o time_n how_o large_a a_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a homily_n for_o easter_n day_n be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o piece_n 3._o piece_n dissert_n ch_n 3._o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o as_o mr._n wheelock_n recitandus_fw-la wheelock_n in_o notis_fw-la ad_fw-la bedae_fw-la l._n v._o c._n 22._o p._n 462._o libre_fw-la catholicorum_n sermonum_fw-la anglice_fw-la in_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la recitandus_fw-la well_o observe_v from_o the_o general_a title_n of_o the_o manuscript_n from_o which_o he_o have_v print_v it_o this_o sermon_n must_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o a_o single_a doctor_n but_o the_o public_a doctrine_n of_o the_o english_a church_n in_o that_o age._n now_o bertram_n expression_n be_v so_o translate_v into_o the_o saxon_a as_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o that_o paraphrase_n which_o mr._n dean_n of_o sens_n have_v give_v we_o this_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v appear_v from_o sundry_a passage_n of_o the_o homily_n which_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o occasion_n i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o translate_v for_o myself_o where_o the_o version_n print_v with_o the_o text_n be_v too_o literal_a and_o therefore_o somewhat_o obscure_a 1._o here_o be_v acknowledge_v what_o some_o of_o our_o adversary_n be_v loath_a to_o own_o though_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o deny_v it_o that_o there_o be_v controversy_n about_o the_o presence_n of_o christ_n body_n in_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n in_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o century_n smeadon_v century_n nurse_n smeadon_v ge_fw-mi hÆ¿ilc_a man_n oft_o and_o get_v gelome_o smeagaþ_n nonnulli_fw-la saepe_fw-la disputaâ—unt_fw-la &_o etiamnum_fw-la frequenter_a disputant_n male_n in_o praesenti_fw-la disputat_fw-la per_fw-la c_o l._n wheelock_n redditur_fw-la smeadon_v man_n oft_o have_v dispute_v and_o still_o do_v frequent_o dispute_v etc._n etc._n and_o the_o question_n be_v not_o as_o m._n boileau_n bear_v we_o in_o hand_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o figure_n in_o the_o sacrament_n but_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o consecration_n by_o what_o sort_n of_o change_n it_o make_v bread_n and_o wine_n become_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n whether_o by_o a_o physical_a or_o a_o mystical_a change_n and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n be_v call_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n that_o be_v in_o a_o literal_a or_o figurative_a sense_n the_o word_n be_v these_o how_o bread_n make_v of_o corn_n and_o bake_v with_o fire_n can_v be_v turn_v into_o christ_n body_n and_o how_o wine_n be_v by_o consecration_n turn_v into_o christ_n blood_n that_o ratram_n first_o question_n and_o that_o here_o discuss_v by_o our_o homilist_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o answer_v give_v by_o both_o author_n and_o the_o instance_n whereby_o they_o explain_v the_o term_n figure_n and_o truth_n and_o as_o in_o the_o saxon_a the_o emphasis_n lie_v unquestionable_o on_o the_o word_n 30._o word_n hu_o se_fw-mi hlaf_fw-mi mage_fw-mi be_v on_o aÆ¿end_n to_o cristes_fw-fr lichaman_fw-mi oððe_a ê§_n Æ¿in_v þeor_n þe_a aÆ¿end_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 30._o turn_v so_o doubtless_o in_o ratram_n the_o word_n fiat_n be_v of_o the_o like_a force_n and_o import_v the_o question_n to_o be_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o change_n the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v make_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o a_o substantial_a or_o only_o by_o a_o sacramental_a change_n 2._o as_o ratram_n to_o clear_v his_o discourse_n give_v we_o such_o definition_n of_o a_o figure_n and_o truth_n as_o best_a agree_v to_o figurative_a and_o true_a that_o be_v proper_a form_n of_o speech_n so_o aelfric_n premise_v 30._o premise_v ðurh_fw-mi getacnunge_n ðurh_fw-mi geÆ¿issum_fw-la ðinge_n fol._n 30._o a_o distinction_n of_o thing_n attribute_v to_o christ_n some_o figurative_o and_o some_o true_o and_o proper_o and_o to_o express_v the_o latter_a he_o use_v a_o word_n which_o answer_v to_o manifestatio_fw-la and_o res_fw-la manifesta_fw-la in_o ratram_n and_o full_o express_v its_o sense_n in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o question_n and_o the_o term_n abovementioned_a the_o saxon_a word_n saxon_a ðurh_fw-mi geÆ¿issum_fw-la ðinge_fw-la geÆ¿is_fw-la certus_n planus_fw-la manifestus_fw-la somneri_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o opposition_n of_o this_o term_n to_o getacnunge_n direct_v we_o in_o this_o place_n which_o acceptation_n to_o choose_v as_o bread_n lamb_n lion_n &c_n &c_n be_v affirm_v of_o christ_n in_o a_o improper_a or_o figurative_a sense_n so_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n crucify_a and_o rise_v again_o be_v affirm_v of_o he_o in_o the_o plain_a manifest_a and_o proper_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n word_n signify_v certain_a plain_a or_o manifest_v and_o be_v oppose_v to_o figurative_a and_o therefore_o can_v import_v the_o sensible_a evidence_n of_o thing_n as_o mr._n boileau_n pretend_v but_o the_o plain_a manifest_a and_o natural_a signification_n of_o word_n the_o instance_n both_o in_o the_o homily_n and_o bertram_n be_v a_o undeniable_a proof_n hereof_o and_o withal_o give_v we_o light_n into_o their_o sense_n of_o our_o saviour_n word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n which_o they_o understand_v not_o literal_o but_o figurative_o which_o be_v what_o aelfric_n himself_o mean_v by_o not_o corporal_o but_o spiritual_o and_o no_o doubt_n in_o that_o sense_n he_o understand_v bertram_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o mistake_v be_v evident_a from_o numb_a 74._o where_o the_o word_n corporal_o and_o spiritual_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n paul._n sense_n sicut_fw-la non_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la sed_fw-la spiritualiter_fw-la panis_n ille_fw-la credentium_fw-la corpus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la sic_fw-la quoque_fw-la christi_fw-la corpus_fw-la non_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la sed_fw-la spiritualiter_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la intelligatur_fw-la n._n 74._o aelfric_n say_v fol._n 23._o that_o christian_n must_v not_o keep_v the_o old_a law_n lichamlice_n corporal_o i._n e._n literal_o but_o learn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o it_o spiritual_o signify_v that_o be_v of_o what_o christian_a duty_n it_o be_v the_o figure_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o letter_n and_o spirit_n and_o the_o flesh_n and_o spirit_n be_v oppose_v each_o to_o other_o by_o saint_n paul._n as_o the_o bread_n be_v not_o corporal_o but_o spiritual_o that_o be_v not_o literal_o and_o proper_o but_o figurative_o say_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a so_o be_v there_o a_o necessity_n of_o understand_v it_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n not_o corporal_o say_v to_o be_v etc._n etc._n not_o corporal_o understand_v etc._n etc._n can_v signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o not_o literal_o and_o proper_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n or_o of_o the_o faithful_a in_o this_o sense_n the_o word_n corporal_o be_v take_v when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o term_n and_o proposition_n but_o when_o apply_v to_o thing_n as_o the_o baptismal_a water_n the_o consecrate_a element_n in_o the_o eucharist_n or_o the_o type_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n it_o signify_v the_o natural_a substance_n by_o positive_a institution_n make_v a_o figure_n in_o opposition_n to_o its_o sacramental_a signification_n and_o virtue_n and_o our_o homilist_n call_v the_o spiritual_a mystery_n the_o spiritual_a virtue_n or_o spiritual_a understanding_n thereof_o 3._o aelfric_n so_o expound_v ratram_n as_o to_o make_v he_o express_o deny_v that_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v christ_n body_n in_o truth_n of_o nature_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v bread_n and_o wine_n after_o consecration_n when_o the_o objection_n be_v make_v why_o be_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n call_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n if_o it_o be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v call_v he_o admit_v that_o the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v not_o in_o verity_n of_o nature_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n whereas_o if_o aelfric_n have_v be_v a_o transubstantiatour_n he_o will_v have_v deny_v the_o supposition_n and_o with_o m._n boileau_n have_v say_v the_o sensible_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n i._n e._n the_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v not_o christ_n body_n they_o be_v only_o the_o vail_n and_o figure_n that_o cover_v it_o but_o his_o very_a natural_a body_n and_o blood_n be_v environ_v by_o and_o contain_v real_o under_o those_o vail_n he_o will_v roundly_o have_v answer_v that_o by_o consecration_n the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v substantial_o convert_v into_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n so_o that_o nothing_o of_o their_o substance_n but_o only_o the_o sensible_a quality_n and_o outward_a figure_n of_o they_o remain_v whereas_o he_o say_v that_o we_o sensible_o discern_v they_o in_o figure_n and_o taste_n to_o be_v bread_n and_o wine_n
wine_n i_o know_v no_o need_n mr._n boileau_n have_v to_o translate_v the_o word_n veritas_fw-la the_o sensible_a verity_n as_o he_o do_v forty_o time_n over_o where_o ratram_n deny_v that_o which_o be_v oral_o receive_v to_o be_v christ_n natural_a flesh_n for_o the_o mere_a accident_n be_v in_o no_o sense_n christ_n natural_a body_n they_o be_v in_o no_o way_n christ_n body_n in_o verity_n of_o nature_n neither_o the_o sensible_a nor_o yet_o the_o invisible_a verity_n thereof_o 2._o the_o matter_n in_o question_n can_v be_v whether_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v christ_n body_n bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n in_o its_o proper_a state_n with_o its_o sensible_a quality_n and_o dimension_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v his_o true_a and_o natural_a body_n which_o paschase_n describe_v as_o in_o the_o question_n the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v the_o notion_n oppose_v by_o our_o author_n for_o beside_o that_o he_o not_o where_o mention_n any_o such_o opinion_n it_o do_v not_o any_o way_n else_o appear_v by_o any_o writer_n either_o before_o or_o of_o his_o time_n that_o such_o a_o opinion_n be_v ever_o embrace_v or_o vent_v by_o any_o man._n the_o latter_a be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o paschase_n a_o doctrine_n which_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n give_v offence_n to_o many_o and_o that_o ratram_n dispute_v against_o it_o seem_v very_o clear_a to_o any_o man_n who_o observe_v in_o how_o accurate_a term_n he_o establish_v a_o essential_a difference_n between_o the_o consecrate_a element_n and_o christ_n natural_a body_n he_o distinguish_v they_o as_o thing_n of_o vast_o different_a nature_n use_v the_o word_n aliud_fw-la and_o aliud_fw-la one_o thing_n and_o another_z thing_n this_o body_n and_o that_o body_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin._n he_o teach_v that_o sacrament_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o be_v sacrament_n be_v another_z that_o christ_n natural_a body_n and_o blood_n be_v thing_n but_o the_o mystery_n hereof_o be_v sacrament_n num._n 36._o again_o he_o prove_v they_o to_o differ_v i_o think_v essential_o because_o the_o same_o definition_n do_v not_o agree_v to_o both_o for_o one_o of_o their_o canonize_v schoolman_n teach_v 4._o teach_v bonav_n in_o sent._n 14._o dist_n 10._o p._n 1._o q._n 4._o that_o even_o omnipotence_n itself_o can_v separate_v the_o definition_n and_o the_o thing_n define_v again_o he_o call_v the_o one_o christ_n proper_a body_n the_o other_o his_o mystical_a body_n n._n 94_o 95._o and_o in_o a_o word_n he_o distinguish_v the_o eucharist_n from_o christ_n proper_a body_n in_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n wherein_o st._n hierom_n i._n hierom_n tantum_n interest_n inter_v pane_n propositionis_fw-la &_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la quantum_fw-la inter_fw-la umbram_fw-la &_o corpora_fw-la inter_fw-la imaginem_fw-la &_o veritatem_fw-la inter_fw-la exemplaria_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la praefigurabantur_fw-la hier._n in_o titum_fw-la cap._n i._n compare_v the_o shewbread_n with_o the_o eucharist_n call_v it_o christ_n body_n and_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o latter_a excel_v the_o former_a n._n 89._o it_o appear_v say_v ratram_n that_o they_o be_v extreme_o different_a as_o much_o as_o the_o pledge_n differ_v from_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o it_o be_v give_v in_o pledge_n as_o much_o as_o the_o image_n differ_v from_o the_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v the_o image_n as_o much_o as_o a_o figure_n from_o the_o truth_n and_o if_o the_o word_n do_v not_o effectual_o import_v a_o essential_a difference_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o devise_v word_n that_o can_v do_v it_o in_o a_o word_n the_o scope_n of_o all_o his_o argument_n and_o authority_n be_v to_o prove_v such_o a_o difference_n between_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n and_o our_o saviour_n natural_a body_n and_o in_o the_o close_a of_o the_o book_n when_o he_o sum_v up_o the_o force_n of_o all_o his_o reason_n and_o come_v to_o determine_v the_o point_n he_o conclude_v thus_o 97._o thus_o n._n 97._o from_o these_o testimony_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o father_n it_o be_v most_o evident_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o bread_n and_o cup_n which_o be_v call_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v a_o figure_n because_o they_o be_v a_o mystery_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o small_a difference_n between_o the_o body_n which_o be_v so_o mystical_o and_o the_o body_n that_o suffer_v etc._n etc._n for_o this_o latter_a be_v the_o proper_a body_n of_o our_o saviour_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o figure_n or_o signification_n therein_o but_o the_o very_a manifestation_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o 98._o itself_o n._n 98._o whereas_o in_o the_o body_n which_o be_v celebrate_v by_o a_o mystery_n there_o be_v a_o figure_n not_o only_o of_o christ_n proper_a body_n but_o also_o of_o the_o people_n who_o believe_v on_o christ_n for_o it_o bear_v a_o figure_n of_o both_o body_n 99_o body_n n._n 99_o moreover_o that_o bread_n and_o cup_n which_o be_v call_v and_o be_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n represent_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o lord_n passion_n i._n e._n as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o next_o number_n 100_o number_n n._n 100_o they_o be_v place_v on_o the_o altar_n for_o a_o figure_n or_o memorial_n of_o the_o lord_n death_n and_o lest_o his_o adversary_n shall_v misrepresent_v his_o doctrine_n as_o though_o he_o teach_v that_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n be_v not_o receive_v by_o the_o faithful_a but_o a_o mere_a memorial_n and_o figure_n of_o they_o as_o the_o romanist_n slander_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o reform_a church_n he_o 101_o he_o n._n 101_o close_v all_o with_o a_o caution_n against_o any_o such_o inference_n add_v that_o faith_n receive_v not_o what_o the_o eye_n behold_v but_o what_o itself_o believe_v for_o it_o be_v spiritual_a meat_n and_o spiritual_a drink_n which_o do_v spiritual_o feed_v the_o soul._n which_o word_n if_o mr._n boileau_n take_v to_o be_v a_o declaration_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o real_a presence_n i_o shall_v the_o less_o wonder_n since_o our_o adversary_n at_o home_n have_v the_o confidence_n from_o such_o apology_n of_o our_o own_o divine_n to_o infer_v that_o they_o and_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v for_o their_o real_a presence_n have_v thus_o show_v how_o mr._n boileau_n either_o gross_o mistake_v or_o wilful_o misrepresent_v the_o author_n design_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v give_v i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o his_o translation_n now_o this_o book_n of_o ratram_n be_v a_o theological_a controversy_n whosoever_o shall_v undertake_v to_o turn_v it_o into_o any_o other_o language_n aught_o to_o employ_v his_o utmost_a care_n in_o true_o express_v the_o author_n sense_n and_o as_o much_o as_o the_o language_n will_v bear_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n he_o may_v not_o take_v those_o liberty_n of_o paraphrase_n which_o be_v llowable_a in_o the_o translator_n of_o a_o poem_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o history_n or_o morality_n he_o may_v not_o to_o adorn_v his_o version_n or_o smooth_a his_o style_n add_v omit_v or_o change_v a_o word_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_n forbid_v it_o and_o moreover_o mr._n boileau_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v the_o strict_a law_n of_o translation_n have_v profess_v to_o have_v make_v this_o version_n with_o all_o possible_a exactness_n and_o bring_v severaâ—_n of_o his_o brethren_n of_o the_o sorbon_n to_o all_o vouch_v its_o conformity_n to_o the_o author_n be_v text._n he_o be_v severe_a upon_o 48._o upon_o preface_n p._n 47_o 48._o m._n dacier_n and_o the_o protestant_a translator_n of_o bertram_n for_o take_v as_o he_o conceive_v undue_a liberty_n he_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o 277._o the_o remark_n p._n 250._o and_o p._n 277._o latter_a to_o express_v in_o french_a what_o be_v plain_o understand_v in_o the_o latin_a and_o express_v within_o four_o line_n before_o and_o he_o cry_v out_o falsification_n and_o corruption_n because_o the_o protestant_a publisher_n of_o bertram_n do_v with_o a_o asterisk_n refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o margin_n and_o there_o explain_v a_o word_n in_o the_o text_n by_o another_o latin_a word_n which_o he_o think_v equivalent_a a_o man_n may_v therefore_o reasonable_o expect_v that_o mr._n boileau_n have_v avoid_v all_o these_o fault_n and_o that_o if_o his_o version_n have_v any_o defect_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o grace_n of_o his_o language_n only_o by_o his_o keep_n too_o close_o to_o the_o author_n own_o term_n but_o i_o perceive_v mr._n boileau_n be_v subject_a to_o that_o general_a weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n which_o make_v man_n very_o severe_a against_o those_o vice_n in_o other_o which_o they_o discern_v not_o in_o themselves_o for_o certain_o never_o do_v any_o man_n use_v those_o undue_a liberty_n of_o add_v omit_v and_o alter_v the_o author_n word_n at_o a_o more_o extravagant_a rate_n than_o he_o have_v do_v in_o translate_n bertram_n insomuch_o that_o
&_o exegeticè_fw-la usurpatur_fw-la that_o true_o and_o real_o be_v term_n equivalent_a and_o here_o the_o former_a be_v expound_v by_o the_o latter_a i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o prolix_a on_o this_o term_n because_o m._n boileau_n lay_v the_o stress_n of_o the_o whole_a controversy_n upon_o its_o true_a sense_n in_o which_o i_o persuade_v myself_o that_o any_o impartial_a reader_n must_v needs_o perceive_v he_o to_o have_v be_v gross_o mislead_v by_o prejudice_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o show_v how_o gross_a a_o error_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o in_o expound_v another_o term_n of_o no_o less_o moment_n in_o this_o controversy_n which_o be_v the_o word_n species_n which_o he_o make_v to_o signify_v the_o 254._o the_o i_o will_v signify_v appearance_n &_o non_fw-fr pas_fw-fr la_fw-fr substance_n &_o la_fw-fr nature_n des_fw-fr choses_fw-fr comme_fw-fr les_fw-fr philosophes_n le_fw-fr prennent_fw-fr ordinairement_n praef._n p._n 41._o remarq_n p._n 220_o &_o p._n 250._o i_o will_v n'entend_v pas_fw-fr la_fw-fr verity_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr nature_n mais_fw-fr seulement_fw-fr ce_fw-fr que_fw-fr l'on_n appellè_fw-la les_fw-fr accident_n qui_fw-fr tombent_n sous_fw-fr le_fw-fr sens_fw-fr p._n 253_o 254._o appearance_n and_o not_o the_o substance_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o which_o exposition_n if_o i_o prove_v he_o deceive_v he_o must_v for_o ever_o renounce_v his_o confident_a claim_n of_o ratram_n for_o a_o patron_n of_o transubstantiation_n let_v we_o then_o before_o we_o offer_v any_o thing_n to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a see_v what_o proof_n m._n boileau_n bring_v to_o make_v out_o his_o assertion_n that_o by_o species_n in_o this_o tract_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o sensible_a apearance_n or_o accident_n and_o not_o the_o nature_n or_o substance_n of_o thing_n now_o for_o proof_n hereof_o he_o send_v the_o reader_n to_o his_o remark_n and_o upon_o a_o careful_a perusal_n of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o he_o refer_v i_o protest_v i_o can_v observe_v the_o least_o show_n or_o appearance_n either_o of_o reason_n or_o authority_n to_o countenance_v the_o sense_n which_o he_o impose_v on_o the_o term_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v always_o have_v more_o trouble_n to_o find_v out_o his_o argument_n than_o to_o answer_v they_o the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o place_n to_o which_o he_o refer_v be_v a_o remark_n on_o these_o word_n cognoscitur_fw-la word_n rem_fw-la p._n 220._o on_o n._n twelve_o quoniam_fw-la secundum_fw-la veritatem_fw-la species_n creaturae_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerat_fw-la ante_fw-la permansisse_fw-la cognoscitur_fw-la it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o species_n of_o the_o creature_n remain_v in_o truth_n what_o it_o be_v before_o this_o passage_n i_o confess_v deserve_v a_o remark_n and_o unless_o our_o translator_n make_v out_o his_o sense_n of_o species_n very_o clear_o it_o will_v stand_v in_o direct_a opposition_n to_o the_o trent_n doctrine_n that_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n remain_v not_o after_o consecration_n to_o clear_v this_o passage_n he_o therefore_o cite_v another_o by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v expound_v in_o which_o ratram_n say_v x._o say_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la videtur_fw-la vel_fw-la carnis_fw-la species_n in_fw-la illo_fw-la pane_fw-la cognoscitur_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la vino_fw-la cruoris_fw-la unda_fw-la monstratur_fw-la num_fw-la x._o that_o we_o see_v not_o the_o form_n or_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n and_o blood_n in_o this_o mystery_n how_o honest_o that_o passage_n be_v thus_o render_v by_o he_o have_v be_v already_o show_v but_o how_o he_o prove_v species_n in_o that_o place_n to_o signify_v appearance_n i_o be_o still_o to_o learn_v for_o as_o i_o note_v before_o unda_fw-la cruoris_fw-la import_v the_o liquid_a substance_n of_o blood_n and_o give_v we_o fair_a ground_n to_o conclude_v that_o species_n carnis_fw-la signify_v the_o substance_n and_o not_o the_o mere_a accident_n of_o flesh_n he_o further_o add_v 220._o add_v rem_fw-la p._n 220._o that_o ratram_n learn_v this_o use_n of_o the_o word_n from_o the_o book_n of_o the_o sacrament_n ascribe_v to_o st._n ambrose_n whence_o he_o cite_v this_o passage_n follow_v for_o a_o example_n of_o it_o 3._o it_o spiritus_fw-la enim_fw-la sanctus_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la columbae_fw-la non_fw-la in_o veritate_fw-la columbae_fw-la descendit_fw-la de_fw-la coelo_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o the_o holy_a ghost_n descend_v from_o heaven_n in_o the_o species_n or_o likeness_n of_o a_o dove_n not_o in_o the_o verity_n or_o real_a substance_n of_o a_o dove_n i_o free_o grant_v the_o word_n in_o this_o place_n import_v the_o likeness_n or_o appearance_n in_o opposition_n to_o truth_n of_o nature_n but_o then_o withal_o i_o deny_v that_o it_o signify_v any_o thing_n like_o what_o they_o make_v species_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n to_o be_v it_o do_v not_o import_v all_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o a_o true_a dove_n which_o be_v miraculous_o convert_v into_o the_o holy_a ghost_n nor_o yet_o do_v it_o imply_v the_o sensible_a accident_n of_o a_o dove_n exist_v without_o a_o subject_a for_o though_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o father_n be_v express_v in_o deny_v the_o holy_a spirit_n to_o have_v assume_v the_o nature_n or_o real_a body_n of_o a_o dove_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o 3._o they_o surgenti_fw-la manifesta_fw-la dei_fw-la praesentia_fw-la claret_n scinditur_fw-la auricolor_fw-la coeli_fw-la septemplicis_fw-la aethra_fw-la corporeamque_fw-la gerens_fw-la speciem_fw-la descendit_fw-la ab_fw-la alto_fw-mi spiritus_fw-la aeream_n simulans_fw-la in_o nube_fw-la columbam_fw-la jnvencus_n evang._n hist_n l._n 1._o inter_fw-la poet._n vet._n eccles_n basil_n 1564._o in_o quarto_n non_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-fr avibus_fw-la sumpsisse_fw-la columbam_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la aere_fw-la minime_fw-la dubitatur_fw-la l._n 3._o the_o mirabil_n script_n c_o 5._o apud_fw-la august_n tom._n 3._o make_v he_o to_o have_v assume_v a_o body_n like_o a_o dove_n form_v of_o air_n condense_v of_o which_o matter_n it_o be_v ordinary_o believe_v the_o body_n assume_v by_o angel_n do_v consist_v and_o if_o so_o the_o accident_n which_o affect_v the_o sense_n have_v a_o real_a and_o corporeal_a as_o the_o colour_n and_o feature_n of_o a_o well-made_a effigy_n subsist_v in_o a_o real_a subject_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a person_n who_o it_o resemble_v so_o that_o this_o citation_n be_v no_o authority_n for_o the_o sense_n he_o impose_v on_o the_o term_n and_o upon_o examination_n of_o these_o book_n whence_o he_o make_v bertram_n to_o have_v learn_v this_o use_n of_o the_o word_n species_n many_o undeniable_a example_n of_o its_o be_v use_v for_o the_o substance_n and_o specific_a nature_n will_v appear_v this_o be_v all_o the_o proof_n he_o offer_v unless_o the_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la of_o a_o sorbon_n doctor_n must_v pass_v for_o a_o demonstration_n 54._o demonstration_n ad_fw-la num_fw-la 54._o the_o other_o remark_n to_o which_o he_o send_v we_o contain_v neither_o argument_n nor_o authority_n to_o bear_v out_o his_o exposition_n of_o that_o term._n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o take_v leave_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o true_a sense_n thereof_o and_o in_o a_o short_a digression_n give_v a_o probable_a account_n how_o it_o come_v into_o use_n with_o ecclesiastic_a author_n and_o have_v m._n boileau_n take_v the_o same_o method_n to_o search_v out_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o species_n which_o he_o take_v to_o justify_v his_o force_a interpretation_n of_o veritas_fw-la that_o be_v have_v be_v please_v to_o consult_v the_o learned_a m._n du_fw-fr cange_n i_o may_v have_v spare_v my_o pain_n from_o he_o he_o may_v have_v learn_v that_o it_o be_v 918._o be_v species_n vox_fw-la j._n c._n notissima_fw-la quibus_fw-la idem_fw-la sonat_fw-la quod_fw-la veteribus_fw-la fruges_fw-la etc._n etc._n glossar_n tom._n 3._o col_fw-fr 918._o a_o term_n wherewith_o the_o lawyer_n be_v well_o acquaint_v and_o signify_v all_o that_o the_o ancient_a latin_a writer_n include_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o fruges_fw-la wine_n oil_n corn_n pulse_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o theodosian_a code_n publish_v by_o gothofred_n extend_v its_o signification_n species_n signification_n species_n sunt_fw-la res_fw-la seu_fw-la corpora_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la quorum_fw-la usus_fw-la est_fw-la aliquis_fw-la in_o humana_fw-la conversatione_fw-la &_o quidem_fw-la quae_fw-la tributi_fw-la annonarumque_fw-la nomine_fw-la fisco_fw-la penduntur_fw-la glossar_n nomic_a do_fw-mi species_n to_o all_o necessary_n of_o life_n tribute_n public_a store_n of_o provision_n and_o not_o only_o for_o the_o belly_n but_o the_o back_o also_o rich_a clothes_n and_o householdstuff_n jewel_n as_o also_o material_n for_o building_n timber_n and_o iron_n pass_v by_o that_o name_n in_o both_o the_o theodosian_a and_o justinian_n code_o in_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a history_n vegetius_n cassiodorus_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n there_o be_v many_o law_n concern_v the_o public_a species_n 4._o species_n tributa_fw-la in_o ipsis_fw-la speciebus_fw-la inferri_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la pretia_fw-mi
in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o be_v the_o essence_n the_o substance_n and_o the_o signification_n to_o which_o they_o stand_v oppose_v this_o i_o shall_v make_v very_o plain_a from_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n of_o st._n austin_n 22._o austin_n quoniam_fw-la signa_fw-la sunt_fw-la rerum_fw-la aliud_fw-la existentia_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la significantia_fw-la aug._n contra_fw-la maximin_n l._n 3._o c._n 22._o speak_v of_o sacrament_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o thing_n which_o sign_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o signify_v another_o there_o existence_n or_o be_v and_o signify_v be_v oppose_v again_o 57_o again_o hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la petra_n erat_fw-la christus_fw-la non_fw-la enim_fw-la dixit_fw-la petra_n significat_fw-la christum_fw-la sed_fw-la tanquam_fw-la hoc_fw-la esset_fw-la quod_fw-la utique_fw-la per_fw-la substantiam_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la significationem_fw-la aug._n quaest_n super_fw-la levit._fw-la 57_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o rock_n be_v christ_n he_o do_v not_o say_v it_o signify_v christ_n as_o though_o it_o have_v be_v what_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o in_o substance_n but_o in_o signification_n what_o ratram_n call_v species_n st._n augustin_n call_v substance_n and_o if_o any_o doubt_v it_o i_o hope_v to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o a_o three_o authority_n where_o affirm_v that_o the_o father_n and_o we_o have_v the_o same_o spiritual_a meat_n and_o drink_n he_o explain_v himself_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o call_v it_o the_o same_o joan._n same_o idem_fw-la itaque_fw-la in_o mysterio_fw-la cibus_fw-la &_o potus_fw-la illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la noster_fw-la sed_fw-la significatione_n idem_fw-la non_fw-la specie_fw-la aug._n in_o ps_n 77._o aliud_fw-la illi_fw-la aliud_fw-la nos_fw-la sed_fw-la specie_fw-la visibili_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la significaret_fw-la virtute_fw-la spirituali_fw-la n._n 78._o ex_fw-la tract_n 26._o in_o joan._n viz._n the_o same_o in_o signification_n not_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o substance_n and_o to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n cite_v by_o ratram_n n._n 78._o where_o he_o state_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o same_o term_n now_o by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v what_o he_o mean_v when_o above_o n._n 54._o 54._o 54._o panis_n &_o vinum_fw-la prius_fw-la extitere_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la etiam_fw-la specie_fw-la jam_fw-la consecrata_fw-la permanere_fw-la videntur_fw-la n._n 54._o he_o say_v that_o bread_n and_o wine_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o species_n that_o be_v specific_a nature_n after_o consecration_n which_o they_o have_v before_o though_o that_o place_n be_v clear_a enough_o without_o borrow_a light_n hence_o for_o what_o be_v here_o call_v species_n be_v in_o the_o sentence_n immediate_o precede_v call_v etc._n call_v nam_fw-la secundum_fw-la creaturarum_fw-la substantiam_fw-la quod_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ante_fw-la consecrationem_fw-la hoc_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la consistunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n so_o that_o species_n here_o be_v what_o ratram_n in_o a_o place_n before_o cite_v out_o of_o another_o work_n of_o he_o 2._o he_o in_o substantiae_fw-la suae_fw-la specie_fw-la ratr._fw-la de_fw-fr praed_n lib._n 2._o call_v the_o species_n of_o its_o substance_n and_o as_o in_o this_o tract_n by_o the_o specifica_fw-la the_o corpus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la semel_fw-la passus_fw-la est_fw-la christus_fw-la non_fw-la aliam_fw-la speciem_fw-la praeferebat_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la consistebat_fw-la n._n 69._o id_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la eam_fw-la speciem_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la consistebat_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la natura_fw-la specifica_fw-la species_n in_o which_o christ_n natural_a body_n consist_v he_o mean_v a_o real_a humane_a body_n so_o in_o this_o place_n n._n 54._o where_o he_o say_v the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v bread_n and_o wine_n before_o and_o consist_v or_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o species_n after_o consecration_n he_o must_v necessary_o mean_v that_o they_o continue_v real_a bread_n and_o wine_n there_o be_v other_o passage_n where_o the_o 56._o the_o intelliges_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o virtute_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la christi_fw-la existunt_fw-la quae_fw-la cernuntur_fw-la n._n 56._o species_n and_o virtue_n and_o the_o corporeal_a spiritualem_fw-la corporeal_a n._n 93_o 94._o speciem_fw-la corporalem_fw-la &_o fructum_fw-la spiritualem_fw-la species_n and_o spiritual_a fruit_n stand_v oppose_v which_o will_v illustrate_v this_o matter_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o that_o i_o be_v not_o tedious_a to_o the_o reader_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o if_o in_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o century_n species_n have_v bear_v m._n boileau_n sense_n and_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n have_v believe_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n to_o remain_v it_o have_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n careful_o to_o have_v express_v it_o in_o those_o very_a term_n in_o translate_n the_o 72_o paragraph_n of_o bertram_n where_o he_o say_v the_o spiritual_a body_n of_o christ_n as_o to_o the_o species_n it_o outward_o bear_v be_v make_v of_o several_a grain_n of_o wheat_n by_o the_o baker_n hand_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o aelfric_n in_o render_v that_o place_n omit_v the_o word_n 36._o word_n see_v the_o saxon_a hom._n fol._n 35_o 36._o secundum_fw-la speciem_fw-la quam_fw-la gerit_fw-la exterius_fw-la and_o say_v without_o any_o such_o restriction_n or_o limit_v exposition_n that_o christ_n spiritual_a body_n which_o we_o call_v the_o housel_n be_v gather_v of_o many_o corn_n blood_n corn_n buton_n blood_n without_o blood_n etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n also_o observe_v that_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n hold_v not_o the_o doctrine_n of_o that_o concomitance_n which_o be_v devise_v since_o to_o justify_v the_o sacrilegious_a practice_n of_o deprive_v the_o people_n of_o the_o cup._n i_o shall_v now_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o word_n species_n be_v use_v by_o other_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o tertullian_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o latin_a father_n who_o expound_v the_o word_n species_n by_o res_n and_o veritas_fw-la for_o instance_n 43._o instance_n per_fw-la fidem_fw-la incedentes_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la speciem_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la spe_fw-la non_fw-la re_fw-mi tertul._n deâ—res_v carn_n c._n 43._o walk_v by_o faith_n and_o not_o by_o species_n that_o be_v say_v he_o in_o hope_n and_o not_o in_o fruition_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o quote_v numb_a 12.8_o in_o which_o place_n god_n express_v his_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o moses_n and_o promise_v to_o admit_v he_o to_o more_o familiar_a conversation_n with_o himself_o than_o he_o will_v other_o prophet_n he_o thus_o gloss_v upon_o the_o word_n erat_fw-la word_n os_fw-la ad_fw-la os_fw-la loquar_fw-la illi_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la veritate_fw-la &_o none_o in_o aenigmate_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la in_o imagine_v adu._n praxeam_n c._n 14._o vide_fw-la etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la martion_n l._n 4._o c._n 22._o in_o specie_fw-la utique_fw-la hominis_fw-la quam_fw-la gesturus_fw-la erat_fw-la to_o he_o will_v i_o speak_v mouth_n to_o mouth_n in_o specie_fw-la that_o be_v in_o truth_n and_o not_o enigmatical_o that_o be_v in_o a_o image_n likewise_o origen_n or_o some_o appellatur_fw-la some_o hoc_fw-la liquet_fw-la ex_fw-la hom._n 18._o ubi_fw-la haec_fw-la leguntur_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la qui_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la quidem_fw-la inter_fw-la salomonis_fw-la volumina_fw-la haberi_fw-la solet_fw-la &_o ecclesiasticus_fw-la dici_fw-la apud_fw-la graecos_n vero_fw-la sapientia_fw-la jesus_n silij_fw-la sirach_n appellatur_fw-la latin_a writer_n who_o homily_n on_o the_o book_n of_o number_n be_v find_v among_o origen_n work_v expound_v the_o same_o place_n do_v at_o least_o ten_o time_n over_o make_v species_n to_o import_v truth_n and_o aenigma_fw-la the_o type_n or_o figure_n hereof_o take_v these_o instance_n numeros_fw-la instance_n lex_fw-la dei_fw-la jam_fw-la non_fw-la in_o figuris_fw-la &_o in_fw-la imaginibus_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la specie_fw-la veritatis_fw-la agnoscitur_fw-la et_fw-la quae_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o aenigmate_fw-la designabant_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la &_o veritate_fw-la complentur_fw-la origen_n hom._n vii_o in_o numeros_fw-la those_o thing_n which_o be_v former_o design_v in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o image_n be_v now_o fulfil_v in_o reality_n and_o truth_n and_o again_o ibid._n again_o vides_fw-la quomodo_fw-la aenigmata_fw-la legis_fw-la paulus_n absolvit_fw-la &_o species_n aenigmatum_fw-la docet_fw-la ibid._n you_o see_v how_o paul_n clear_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o law_n and_o teach_v the_o thing_n signify_v by_o those_o figure_n ibid._n figure_n antea_fw-la in_o aenigmate_fw-la fuit_fw-la baptismus_fw-la in_o nube_fw-la &_o in_fw-la mari_fw-fr nunc_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la regeneratio_fw-la est_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la &_o in_fw-la spiritu_fw-la sancto_fw-it ibid._n ancient_o there_o be_v a_o figurative_a baptism_n in_o the_o cloud_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n now_o there_o be_v true_a regeneration_n in_o water_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a instance_n the_o word_n species_n do_v import_v the_o very_a thing_n the_o reality_n the_o truth_n and_o not_o the_o
his_o most_o holy_a passion_n he_o add_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v find_v out_o more_o proper_a to_o signify_v the_o unity_n between_o the_o head_n and_o member_n than_o those_o species_n for_o as_o the_o bread_n consist_v of_o many_o grain_n be_v by_o water_n reduce_v into_o one_o body_n and_o as_o the_o wine_n be_v press_v out_o of_o many_o grape_n thus_o also_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n make_v up_o of_o the_o unite_a multitude_n of_o saint_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o word_n immediate_o precede_v our_o author_n style_v these_o species_n the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n describe_v the_o way_n in_o which_o they_o be_v make_v and_o thereby_o adapt_v to_o signify_v the_o union_n between_o christ_n and_o his_o member_n he_o call_v they_o simple_o bread_n and_o wine_n the_o same_o author_n walafridus_n author_n vnde_fw-la eutychianus_n xxviii_o sedis_fw-la pomanae_fw-la praesul_fw-la constituit_fw-la fruges_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n tantum_fw-la fabae_fw-la &_o wae_fw-la benedici_fw-la alias_o autem_fw-la diversarum_fw-la species_n rerum_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ubilibet_fw-la benedici_fw-la a_o sacerdotibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n cap._n 18._o fruges_fw-la &_o species_n pro_fw-la synonymis_fw-la habuit_fw-la walafridus_n use_v the_o word_n species_n for_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o cite_v for_o it_o a_o forge_a decretal_a epistle_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pope_n eutychian_n which_o order_v all_o other_o species_n that_o be_v fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o what_o by_o the_o apostle_n constitution_n may_v be_v offer_v on_o the_o altar_n to_o be_v bring_v home_o to_o the_o priest_n to_o receive_v benediction_n and_o the_o species_n allow_v to_o be_v bless_v on_o the_o altar_n be_v bean_n and_o grape_n and_o regino_n cite_v that_o canon_n of_o the_o apostle_n to_o which_o walafridus_n or_o rather_o the_o pretend_a eutychian_a refer_v give_v it_o this_o title_n apost_n title_n quae_fw-la species_n ad_fw-la altar_n non_fw-la ad_fw-la sacrificium_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la benedictionem_fw-la simplicem_fw-la debent_fw-la offerri_fw-la regino_n de_fw-fr discip_n eccles_n l._n 1._o c._n 64._o ex_fw-la can._n 4._o apost_n what_o species_n ought_v to_o be_v offer_v at_o the_o altar_n not_o for_o sacrifice_n but_o for_o simple_a benediction_n and_o the_o canon_n mention_n etc._n mention_n praeter_fw-la novas_fw-la spicas_fw-la &_o be_v &_o oleum_fw-la &_o thymiama_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la incensum_fw-la can._n 5._o reliqua_fw-la poma_fw-la omne_fw-la ad_fw-la domum_fw-la episcopi_fw-la vel_fw-la presbyteri_fw-la dirigantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n ear_n of_o new_a corn_n grape_n oil_n and_o incense_n now_o in_o these_o instance_n none_o can_v doubt_v but_o by_o species_n the_o specific_a nature_n the_o substance_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v and_o not_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o the_o particular_n mention_v in_o the_o very_a same_o sense_n arnobius_n junior_n 104._o junior_n non_fw-la solum_fw-la speciem_fw-la frumenti_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o vini_n &_o olei_fw-la administrans_fw-la arnob._n in_o ps_n 104._o use_v the_o term_n speak_v of_o god_n bounty_n to_o the_o israelite_n who_o he_o furnish_v not_o only_o with_o the_o species_n of_o corn_n but_o also_o with_o those_o of_o wine_n and_o oil_n and_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o unconsecrated_a element_n be_v style_v species_n from_o a_o prayer_n in_o the_o gothick_n missal_n to_o be_v use_v after_o the_o sanctus_n which_o be_v before_o consecration_n 1680._o consecration_n ut_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o deus_fw-la noster_fw-la speciem_fw-la istam_fw-la svo_fw-la ministerio_fw-la consecrandam_fw-la coelestibus_fw-la gratiae_fw-la inspiratione_n sanctificet_fw-la missale_n gothicum_n p._n 375._o collectio_fw-la post_fw-la sanctus_n in_o codd_n sacramentorum_fw-la editis_fw-la per_fw-la thomasium_fw-la quarto_fw-la romae_fw-la 1680._o most_o dear_a brethren_n let_v we_o pray_v that_o our_o lord_n and_o god_n will_v sanctify_v by_o the_o inspiration_n of_o his_o heavenly_a grace_n this_o species_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consecrate_a etc._n etc._n now_o here_o species_n must_v necessary_o import_v the_o substance_n for_o our_o adversary_n themselves_o do_v not_o pretend_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n cease_v before_o consecration_n but_o in_o regard_n m._n boileau_n will_v have_v it_o that_o ratram_n learn_v this_o use_n of_o the_o word_n from_o st._n ambrose_n and_o particular_o from_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sacramentis_fw-la i_o shall_v crave_v leave_v a_o little_a more_o large_o to_o expose_v the_o falsehood_n and_o indecent_a confidence_n of_o that_o assertion_n that_o the_o instance_n produce_v by_o m._n boileau_n be_v impertinent_a and_o mistake_v i_o have_v already_o show_v and_o shall_v now_o make_v some_o instance_n to_o disprove_v his_o pretence_n entire_o in_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr initiandis_fw-la which_o more_o plausible_o pretend_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o st._n ambrose_n than_o the_o six_o book_n of_o the_o sacrament_n which_o follow_v it_o we_o have_v manifest_a example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n species_n for_o the_o specific_a nature_n or_o substance_n 4._o substance_n speciem_fw-la autem_fw-la pro_fw-la veritate_fw-la legimus_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr christo_n &_o specie_fw-la inventus_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o dâ—_n patre_fw-la deo_fw-la neque_fw-la speciem_fw-la ejus_fw-la vidistis_fw-la ambr._n de_fw-fr iis_fw-la qui_fw-la mist_n initiantur_fw-la c._n 4._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o word_n species_n be_v sometime_o use_v to_o signify_v the_o truth_n and_o not_o the_o bare_a resemblance_n as_o when_o it_o be_v say_v of_o christ_n that_o he_o be_v find_v in_o specie_fw-la in_o fashion_n as_o a_o man_n and_o of_o god_n the_o father_n neither_o have_v you_o at_o any_o time_n see_v his_o species_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o this_o author_n understand_v by_o species_n in_o the_o first_o place_n christ_n true_a humane_a nature_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a the_o divine_a substance_n or_o essence_n 9_o essence_n gravior_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la ferri_fw-la species_n quam_fw-la aquarum_fw-la liquor_n cap._n 9_o for_o the_o species_n of_o iron_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o liquor_n of_o water_n here_o species_n ferri_fw-la impli_v the_o substance_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o author_n who_o some_o age_n after_o st._n ambrose_n enlarge_v this_o tract_n into_o six_o sermon_n 28._o sermon_n the_o four_o of_o these_o be_v among_o st._n augustine_n sermon_n de_fw-fr verbis_fw-la dom._n serm._n 28._o which_o have_v long_o pass_v for_o so_o many_o book_n of_o that_o father_n on_o the_o sacrament_n but_o plain_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o beginning_n and_o conclusion_n to_o be_v homily_n i_o say_v that_o author_n expound_v species_n by_o matter_n or_o substance_n say_v of_o iron_n 4._o iron_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la matery_n gravior_n quam_fw-la aquarum_fw-la est_fw-la elementum_fw-la de_fw-fr sacram._n l._n 4._o c._n 4._o for_o it_o be_v a_o more_o weighty_a substance_n than_o the_o element_n of_o water_n again_o 9_o again_o ante_fw-la benedictionem_fw-la verborum_fw-la coelestium_fw-la species_n nominatur_fw-la post_fw-la consecrationem_fw-la corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la significatur_fw-la de_fw-fr initiandis_fw-la c._n 9_o before_o consecration_n the_o species_n be_v name_v after_o consecration_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n 69._o christ_n de_fw-fr consecr_n do_v 3._o c._n 69._o gratian_n cite_v the_o word_n thus_o before_o consecration_n another_o species_n be_v name_v and_o the_o gloss_n glossa_fw-la gloss_n alia_fw-la species_n i._n e._n alterius_fw-la rei_fw-la species_n id_fw-la est_fw-la substantia_fw-la fuit_fw-la glossa_fw-la expound_v the_o word_n species_n by_o substance_n as_o the_o homilist_n 4._o homilist_n panis_n iste_fw-la panis_n est_fw-la ante_fw-la verba_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n l._n 4._o c._n 4._o dixi_fw-la vobis_fw-la quod_fw-la ante_fw-la verba_fw-la christi_fw-la quod_fw-la offertur_fw-la panis_n dicatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n l._n 5._o c._n 4._o do_v by_o bread_n twice_o also_o our_o ambrosiaster_n in_o his_o comparison_n between_o the_o supernatural_a effect_n of_o baptism_n and_o the_o miracle_n wrought_v by_o the_o prophet_n elisha_n when_o he_o make_v iron_n to_o swim_v say_v that_o 4._o that_o vbi_fw-la baptizatus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la non_fw-la tanquam_fw-la ferrum_fw-la sed_fw-la tanquam_fw-la jam_fw-la levior_fw-la fructuosi_n ligni_fw-la species_n levatur_fw-la de_fw-fr sacram._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o before_o baptism_n every_o man_n sink_v like_o iron_n but_o when_o baptize_v he_o rise_v like_o the_o light_a species_n of_o fruitful_a wood._n in_o this_o place_n who_o doubt_v but_o he_o intend_v the_o substance_n and_o not_o the_o appearance_n of_o wood_n in_o the_o three_o book_n he_o say_v the_o 1._o the_o hesterno_fw-la die_fw-la de_fw-la fonte_fw-la baptismatis_fw-la disputavimus_fw-la cujus_fw-la species_n veluti_fw-la quaedam_fw-la sepulchri_fw-la forma_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-fr sacra_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 1._o species_n of_o the_o font_n be_v of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o grave_a where_o doubtless_o he_o mean_v the_o very_a font-stone_n or_o if_o not_o than_o its_o figure_n unite_v with_o the_o stone_n again_o he_o start_v a_o objection_n 4._o objection_n forte_n dicis_fw-la speciem_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la non_fw-la video_fw-la sed_fw-la habet_fw-la
similitudinem_fw-la sicut_fw-la enim_fw-la mortis_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la sumpsisti_fw-la ita_fw-la etiam_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la preciosi_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la bibis_fw-la de_fw-fr sacra_fw-la l._n 4._o c._n 4._o i_o see_v not_o the_o species_n of_o blood_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v but_o what_o thou_o see_v have_v a_o resemblance_n of_o it_o for_o as_o thou_o have_v receive_v the_o similitude_n of_o his_o death_n i_o presume_v he_o mean_v in_o baptism_n so_o thou_o drink_v the_o similitude_n of_o his_o blood._n now_o the_o word_n species_n be_v oppose_v to_o similitude_n it_o be_v doubtless_o use_v for_o the_o reality_n not_o for_o the_o appearance_n and_o so_o indeed_o he_o expound_v himself_o object_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o these_o word_n 1._o word_n quomodo_fw-la vera_fw-la caro_fw-la quomodo_fw-la verus_fw-la sanguis_fw-la qui_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la video_fw-la non_fw-la video_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la veritatem_fw-la de_fw-fr sacram._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o i_o see_v only_o a_o similitude_n i_o see_v not_o the_o verity_n of_o blood._n as_o i_o remember_v the_o word_n species_n occur_v but_o once_o more_o in_o these_o book_n and_o in_o that_o 3._o that_o de_fw-fr sacram._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o place_n it_o unquestionable_o signify_v a_o figure_n or_o type_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o find_v it_o also_o use_v in_o the_o book_n 9_o book_n cap._n 9_o de_fw-fr initiandis_fw-la and_o by_o ratram_n too_o but_o i_o know_v not_o any_o advantage_n our_o adversary_n can_v make_v of_o this_o be_v it_o necessary_a i_o can_v produce_v many_o instance_n out_o of_o st._n ambrose_n to_o prove_v that_o species_n import_v the_o nature_n or_o substance_n as_o when_o he_o say_v of_o the_o pillar_n which_o direct_v the_o march_n of_o the_o israelite_n 5._o israelite_n illa_fw-la autem_fw-la columna_fw-la nubis_fw-la specie_fw-la quidem_fw-la praecedebat_fw-la filio_fw-la israel_n mysterio_fw-la autem_fw-la significabat_fw-la dominum_fw-la jesum_fw-la etc._n etc._n amb._n in_o psal_n 118._o oct._n 5._o the_o pillar_n go_v before_o in_o the_o species_n of_o a_o cloud_n but_o it_o mystical_o signify_v the_o lord_n jesus_n etc._n etc._n who_o ever_o doubt_v it_o to_o be_v a_o real_a cloud_n again_o speak_v of_o the_o water_n turn_v into_o wine_n by_o our_o saviour_n he_o say_v 1632._o say_v ut_fw-la rogatus_fw-la ad_fw-la nuptias_fw-la aquae_fw-la substantiam_fw-la in_o vini_n speciem_fw-la commutaret_fw-la ambr._n open_fw-mi t._n 5._o serm._n 15._o ex_fw-la edit_fw-la par._n 1632._o that_o our_o lord_n turn_v the_o substance_n of_o water_n into_o the_o species_n of_o wine_n that_o be_v no_o doubt_n into_o the_o specific_a nature_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o wine_n but_o i_o shall_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o when_o i_o have_v produce_v one_o instance_n of_o the_o use_n of_o this_o term_n out_o of_o paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n if_o he_o real_o do_v alleadg_n the_o miracle_n which_o we_o now_o read_v in_o his_o work_n to_o prove_v the_o carnal_a presence_n he_o make_v plegil_n a_o saxon_a priest_n to_o pray_v that_o god_n will_v discover_v to_o he_o what_o the_o 14._o the_o quae_fw-la foret_fw-la species_n latitans_fw-la sub_fw-la forma_fw-la panis_n &_o vini_n pasc_n radb_n de_fw-fr c._n &_o s._n d._n c._n 14._o species_n be_v which_o lie_v hide_v under_o the_o form_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o which_o place_n according_a to_o the_o romanist_n themselves_o species_n must_v import_v the_o natural_a substance_n of_o our_o lord_n body_n and_o not_o the_o sensible_a quality_n only_o and_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o paschase_n who_o use_v the_o word_n species_n for_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o bread_n do_v any_o where_n intimate_v its_o substance_n to_o be_v destroy_v i_o know_v in_o berengarius_fw-la his_o time_n it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o he_o do_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o notion_n be_v a_o refine_n upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschase_n and_o the_o first_o author_n in_o which_o i_o meet_v the_o word_n species_n in_o the_o popish_a sense_n be_v algerus_n who_o dispute_v against_o impanation_n say_v 6._o say_v quum_fw-la in_o utero_fw-la sumpserit_fw-la speciem_fw-la vel_fw-la formam_fw-la cum_fw-la substantia_fw-la in_o altari_fw-la vero_fw-la speciem_fw-la vel_fw-la formam_fw-la panis_n mutata_fw-la &_o non_fw-la permanente_fw-la substantia_fw-la alger_n de_fw-fr sacr._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o that_o christ_n do_v not_o take_v on_o he_o the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o bread_n in_o the_o sacrament_n as_o he_o take_v the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o flesh_n in_o the_o virgin_n womb_n for_o there_o he_o take_v the_o species_n or_o form_n together_o with_o the_o substance_n but_o upon_o the_o altar_n he_o assume_v the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o bread_n the_o substance_n not_o remain_v but_o be_v change_v i_o be_o confident_a the_o word_n species_n be_v never_o use_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o present_a roman_a church_n before_o the_o eleven_o century_n and_o that_o not_o before_o the_o dispute_n against_o berengarius_fw-la who_o adversary_n be_v the_o first_o who_o advance_v the_o notion_n now_o currant_n i_o have_v the_o more_o large_o insist_v on_o these_o two_o term_n veritas_fw-la and_o species_n in_o regard_n the_o confutation_n of_o m._n boileau_n exposition_n of_o they_o do_v effectual_o rescue_v ratram_n out_o of_o his_o hand_n and_o evince_n that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n of_o reason_n for_o he_o to_o claim_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o book_n for_o the_o support_n of_o transubstantiation_n the_o other_o term_n remain_v in_o dispute_n i_o shall_v dispatch_v more_o brief_o for_o in_o truth_n i_o need_v only_o relate_v m._n boileau_n exposition_n of_o they_o to_o satisfy_v any_o impartial_a reader_n who_o be_v tolerable_o skill_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n that_o the_o sense_n which_o he_o give_v they_o be_v very_o unnatural_a and_o absurd_a i_o take_v notice_n elsewhere_o 73._o elsewhere_o dissert_n ch._n iu._n p._n 73._o how_o great_a variety_n of_o phrase_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o little_a tract_n to_o express_v what_o we_o call_v the_o outward_a sign_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o by_o which_o we_o understand_v as_o in_o baptism_n the_o substance_n of_o water_n so_o in_o the_o h._n eucharist_n the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n but_o m._n boileau_n expound_v they_o all_o of_o the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o the_o h._n element_n without_o their_o substance_n 1._o the_o adjective_n visible_a which_o be_v sometime_o join_v with_o bread_n sometime_o with_o species_n sometime_o with_o creature_n sacrament_n food_n be_v by_o our_o translator_n so_o render_v as_o though_o it_o do_v signify_v apparent_a in_o opposition_n to_o real_a the_o visible_a substance_n of_o bread_n be_v by_o he_o make_v to_o imply_v so_o much_o of_o bread_n as_o appear_v to_o the_o eye_n viz._n figure_n and_o colour_n the_o visible_a creature_n and_o visible_a sacrament_n be_v with_o he_o no_o more_o of_o they_o than_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n viz._n the_o outward_a appearance_n now_o if_o this_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n many_o passage_n of_o ratram_n and_o other_o author_n be_v egregious_a nonsense_n for_o example_n s._n augustin_n 79._o augustin_n citatus_fw-la à _fw-la ratramno_fw-la n._n 78_o 79._o call_v the_o manna_n visible_a food_n and_o in_o a_o few_o line_n after_o say_v that_o in_fw-la the_o sacrament_n we_o now_o receive_v visible_a food_n which_o in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n he_o call_v the_o visible_a sacrament_n if_o by_o the_o visible_a food_n or_o sacrament_n we_o must_v with_o the_o romanist_n understand_v only_o 78._o only_o la_fw-fr substance_n visible_a cèst_a a_o dire_a ce_fw-fr qui_fw-fr paroist_fw-mi aux_fw-fr yeux_fw-fr de_fw-fr ce_fw-fr pain_n n._n 40._o selonla_n creature_n visible_a et_fw-fr qui_fw-fr tombe_fw-fr soüs_fw-fr les_fw-fr sens_fw-fr n._n 49._o ce_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr sacrament_n a_fw-fr de_fw-fr visible_a n._n 79._o nourriture_n visible_a &_o qui_fw-fr tombe_fw-fr sous_fw-fr les_fw-fr sens_fw-fr n._n 78._o so_o much_o as_o fall_v under_o our_o sense_n viz._n the_o sensible_a quality_n we_o must_v then_o understand_v by_o the_o visible_a food_n which_o the_o father_n eat_v and_o understand_v spiritual_o only_o the_o sensible_a accident_n of_o the_o manna_n and_o believe_v that_o more_o than_o a_o million_o of_o person_n for_o forty_o year_n together_o live_v upon_o roundness_n whiteness_n and_o sweetness_n and_o other_o like_o accident_n of_o manna_n quod_fw-la credat_fw-la judaeus_n apella_n at_o this_o rate_n of_o expound_v who_o know_v but_o ratram_n do_v with_o basilides_n and_o saturninus_n deny_v that_o christ_n have_v true_a flesh_n a_o real_a humane_a body_n for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v visible_a and_o palpable_a by_o which_o possible_o he_o may_v mean_v that_o our_o saviour_n body_n have_v only_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o affect_v the_o eye_n or_o the_o touch_n without_o the_o natural_a substance_n of_o a_o true_a humane_a body_n shall_v that_o old_a heresy_n revive_v its_o proselyte_n may_v as_o
he_o reproach_v our_o private_a spirit_n with_o sense_v the_o five_o little_a word_n of_o our_o saviour_n any_o man_n that_o ever_o look_v into_o controversy_n can_v tell_v he_o that_o the_o private_a spirit_n of_o his_o church_n have_v with_o a_o much_o more_o extravagant_a wantonness_n sense_v those_o word_n contradict_v one_o another_o almost_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o every_o word_n and_o whilst_o they_o condemn_v we_o for_o admit_v one_o figure_n authorize_v by_o scripture_n example_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n in_o which_o we_o all_o agree_v they_o be_v force_v without_o any_o such_o authority_n to_o admit_v several_a quarrel_v with_o one_o another_o about_o the_o sense_n of_o almost_o every_o word_n see_v albertin_n de_fw-fr euchar._n lib._n 1._o c._n 9_o 10_o 11._o bishop_n morton_n of_o the_o eucharist_n book_n the_o second_o edition_n 1635._o if_o this_o be_v the_o unity_n which_o mr._n sclater_n so_o much_o applaud_v let_v he_o enjoy_v it_o without_o our_o envy_n as_o for_o m._n boileau_n part_n he_o have_v sense_v this_o author_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n that_o use_v the_o same_o liberty_n a_o man_n may_v make_v a_o calvinist_n of_o paschasius_fw-la a_o roman_n catholic_n of_o barengarius_n a_o arian_n of_o athanasius_n and_o since_o master_n sclater_n 2._o sclater_n consensus_fw-la veterum_fw-la p._n 2._o offer_v the_o hint_n by_o tell_v of_o a_o thoughtful_a gentleman_n no_o doubt_n who_o hold_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o alcoran_n may_v not_o have_v its_o motive_n of_o credibility_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o privilege_n of_o pervert_v the_o natural_a sense_n of_o word_n which_o m._n boileau_n make_v use_v of_o he_o may_v reconcile_v mahomet_n with_o christ_n and_o make_v gospel_n of_o the_o alcoran_n finis_fw-la a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a edition_n of_o bertram_n 1._o at_o cologne_n a._n d._n 1532._o in_o octavo_n father_n cellot_n say_v that_o this_o be_v print_v at_o basil_n not_o cologne_n but_o i_o know_v not_o why_o we_o may_v not_o believe_v it_o to_o have_v be_v print_v at_o cologne_n in_o regard_n hermannus_n be_v then_o archbishop_n who_o favour_v the_o reformation_n and_o though_o he_o do_v not_o at_o that_o time_n public_o declare_v yet_o he_o may_v secret_o encourge_v it_o 2._o at_o geneva_n a._n d._n 1541._o in_o octavo_n wherein_o the_o publisher_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o correct_v the_o author_n latin_a as_o to_o put_v servator_n for_o salvator_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v correct_v nothing_o in_o bertram_n text_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o edition_n nor_o note_v his_o variation_n 3._o in_o the_o micropresbyticon_n print_v at_o basil_n 1550._o fol._n we_o find_v bertram_n p._n 513._o 4._o a_o second_o edition_n at_o cologne_n with_o paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n who_o the_o publisher_n mistake_v for_o rabanus_n maurus_n and_o some_o other_o piece_n on_o that_o argument_n octavo_n a._n d._n 1551._o 5._o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diallacticon_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v by_o bishop_n poinet_n print_v at_o geneva_n 1557._o be_v bertram_n book_n print_v after_o the_o former_a edition_n at_o geneva_n 6._o feuguereus_n a_o frenchman_n and_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o leiden_fw-mi publish_v it_o with_o his_o opuscula_fw-la in_fw-la octavo_fw-la lugd._n bat._n 1579._o 7._o in_o the_o catalogus_fw-la testium_fw-la veritatis_fw-la print_v at_o geneva_n 1608._o in_o folio_n it_o be_v insert_v after_o the_o cologne_n impression_n lib._n 10._o 8._o lomierus_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n with_o note_n which_o i_o have_v not_o see_v but_o have_v my_o information_n from_o the_o catalogue_n of_o book_n prohibit_v new_o by_o the_o french_a clergy_n 9_o there_o be_v two_o edition_n in_o french_a and_o latin_a the_o latter_a in_o the_o year_n 1672._o the_o latin_a text_n of_o this_o edition_n be_v most_o accurate_a be_v that_o which_o i_o follow_v in_o the_o first_o edition_n save_v in_o manifest_a false_a print_n or_o where_o f._n mabillon's_n m._n s._n have_v direct_v a_o better_a read_n 10._o dr._n boileau_n dean_n of_o sens_n have_v publish_v our_o author_n in_o french_a and_o latin_a from_o f._n mabillon_n copy_n octavo_n paris_n 1686._o 11._o in_o english_a it_o be_v print_v a._n d._n 1549._o which_o translation_n be_v make_v either_o by_o bishop_n ridley_n or_o his_o advice_n and_o be_v accurate_a enough_o but_o the_o language_n obsolete_a 12._o in_o scotland_n it_o be_v print_v at_o aberdeen_n a._n d._n 1622._o in_o octavo_n 13._o a._n d._n 1623._o sir_n humphrey_n lynd_n publish_v the_o translation_n new_o reprint_v casaubon_n tell_v archbishop_n usher_n that_o he_o see_v a_o manuscript_n of_o it_o in_o possession_n of_o mr._n gillot_n a_o senator_n of_o paris_n perhaps_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o i_o find_v in_o thuanus_n his_o library_n which_o f._n mabillon_n say_v be_v not_o a_o true_a copy_n that_o father_n however_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v a_o excellent_a old_a manuscript_n of_o it_o in_o the_o lobe_n library_n in_o the_o low_a country_n upon_o the_o sambre_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o cambray_n and_o that_o he_o find_v another_o m._n s._n in_o a_o cistercian_n monastery_n in_o germany_n call_v salem_n weiler_n write_v above_o 700._o year_n since_o all_o the_o print_a edition_n i_o have_v see_v and_o compare_v except_o the_o first_o cologne_n that_o of_o lomierus_n and_o the_o scotch_a impression_n and_o have_v note_v all_o material_a variation_n except_o false_a print_n and_o the_o arbitrary_a variation_n of_o the_o geneva_n copy_n but_o have_v follow_v the_o text_n of_o d._n boileau_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o have_v print_v after_o a_o accurate_a copy_n of_o the_o lobe_n m.s._n and_o i_o have_v distinguish_v the_o text_n into_o section_n or_o paragraph_n according_a to_o his_o partition_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v without_o trouble_n find_v our_o reference_n to_o the_o text_n of_o the_o author_n in_o either_o his_o edition_n or_o i_o errata_fw-la in_o the_o preface_n page_n 2._o margin_n line_n 2._o read_v octavo_n p._n 9_o l._n 21._o r._n as_o ancient_a as_o p._n 18._o mark_fw-mi l._n 12._o r._n ubi_fw-la p._n 30._o mark_fw-mi l._n 2._o r._n ratramni_fw-la p._n 32._o mar_v l._n 17._o r._n humanae_fw-la jure_fw-la p._n 79._o mar_v l._n 6._o r._n vestra_fw-la l._n 7._o r._n prostratis_fw-la p._n 109._o l._n 24._o r._n unlikely_a in_o the_o book_n page_n 133._o l._n 13._o deal_n the_o body_n p._n 134._o mar_v l._n 4._o deal_n non_fw-la p._n 136._o l._n 9_o r._n aspiciat_fw-la p._n 138._o l._n 14._o r._n ut_fw-la pote_fw-la cum_fw-la p._n 142._o l._n 15._o r._n monstratur_fw-la i_o 24._o secundum_fw-la p._n 144._o l._n 15._o r._n consideretur_fw-la l._n 21._o ex_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la p._n 146._o l._n 4._o r._n quod_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la p._n 156._o l._n r._n patres_fw-la p._n 160._o l._n 14._o r._n atque_fw-la potat_fw-la p._n 164._o l._n 13._o r._n hoc_fw-la non_fw-la corporco_fw-mi p._n 165._o mar_v add_v ps_n 78.25_o p._n 169._o l._n 6._o r._n corporis_fw-la l._n 18._o propinquante_fw-la mark_fw-mi r._n resurrexit_fw-la it_o aliis_fw-la p._n 180._o l._n 12._o r._n pro_fw-la paulus_n lege_fw-la apostolus_fw-la mar_v l._n 1._o r._n haec_fw-la p._n 186._o l._n 20._o deal_n planissime_fw-la p._n 188._o mar_v l._n 3._o r._n dispensationem_fw-la p._n 194._o mar_v a_o r._n in_o impressis_fw-la domini_fw-la b_o ibid._n cap._n 9_o c_o quod_fw-la in_fw-la editis_fw-la p._n 218._o l._n 2._o r._n qui_fw-la p._n 226._o l._n 21._o deal_n paulum_fw-la p._n 228._o l._n 13._o r._n sequente_fw-la eos_fw-la petra_fw-la p._n 229._o mar_v r._n joh._n 6.50_o p._n 244._o l._n 18._o r._n habuere_fw-la futurorum_fw-la sic_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la p._n 252._o l._n 3._o r._n membrum_fw-la corporis_fw-la christi_fw-la p._n 254._o l._n 17._o r._n quoniam_fw-la in_o the_o appendix_n page_n 275._o l._n 6._o for_o there_o r._n that_o p._n 276._o l._n 22._o r._n prove_v p._n 319._o mar_v l._n 4._o r._n concessu_fw-la s._n sedis_fw-la p._n 328._o l._n 2._o r._n can_v bear_v p._n 330._o l._n 4._o blot_n out_o substance_n of_o p._n 333._o l._n 20._o r._n the_o bread_n and_o wine_n daily_o consecrate_a p._n 356._o l._n 10._o r._n in_o the_o corporeal_a p._n 359._o l._n 23._o r._n these_o word_n p._n 371._o l._n 1._o r._n we_o there_o see_v p._n 373._o l._n 18._o r._n but_o that_o p._n 386._o mar_v l._n 1._o r._n que_fw-la p._n 329._o l._n 6._o r._n say_v that_o p._n 426._o mar_v l._n 9_o r._n species_n p._n 468._o l._n â—_o for_o that_o read_v the._n a_o catalogue_n of_o some_o book_n sell_v by_o thomas_n boomer_n at_o the_o surgeon_n arm_n in_o fleetstreet_n near_o temple-bar_n 1._o forty_o sermon_n by_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n ralph_n brownrig_v late_a lord_n bishop_n of_o exeter_n 2._o a_o complete_a history_n of_o england_n from_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o julius_n caesar_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n iii_o comprehend_v the_o roman_a saxon_a danish_a and_o norman_a affair_n and_o transaction_n in_o this_o nation_n during_o that_o time_n wherein_o be_v show_v the_o original_a of_o our_o english_a law_n the_o difference_n and_o disagreement_n between_o the_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastic_a power_n the_o true_a rise_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o contention_n and_o war_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o our_o ancient_a king_n and_o likewise_o a_o account_n of_o our_o foreign_a war_n with_o france_n the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o action_n between_o the_o english_a scot_n and_o welsh_a during_o the_o same_o time_n all_o deliver_v in_o plain_a matter_n of_o fact_n without_o any_o reflection_n or_o remark_n by_o robert_n brady_n doctor_n of_o physic_n 3._o the_o parable_n of_o the_o pilgrim_n write_v to_o a_o friend_n by_o simon_n patrick_n d_o d._n dean_n of_o peterborough_n the_o 6_o edition_n correct_v 4._o mellificium_fw-la chirurgiae_fw-la or_o the_o marrow_n of_o chirurgery_n a_o anatomical_a treatise_n institution_n of_o physic_n with_o hypocrates_n aphorism_n large_o comment_v upon_o the_o marrow_n of_o physic_n show_v the_o cause_n sign_n and_o cure_n of_o most_o disease_n incident_a to_o humane_a body_n choice_a experience_a receipt_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a distemper_n the_o four_o edition_n enlarge_v with_o many_o addition_n and_o purge_v from_o many_o fault_n that_o escape_v in_o the_o former_a impression_n illustrate_v in_o its_o several_a part_n with_o 12._o brass_n cut_v by_o james_n cook_n of_o warwick_n practitioner_n in_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n 5._o certain_a sermon_n and_o homily_n appoint_v to_o be_v read_v in_o church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n elizabeth_n of_o famous_a memory_n and_o now_o reprint_v for_o the_o use_v of_o private_a family_n in_o two_o part_n in_o 12_n
clear_v of_o heresy_n and_o the_o other_o accusation_n of_o f._n cellot_n chap._n iii_o that_o this_o book_n be_v neither_o whole_o forge_v nor_o yet_o deprave_v that_o ratramnus_n be_v its_o true_a author_n and_o not_o joannes_n scotus_n erigena_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o author_n in_o some_o controvert_v expression_n chap._n v._o that_o this_o treatise_n express_o confute_v the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n chap._n vi_o that_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o singular_a in_o his_o opinion_n but_o have_v several_a other_o great_a man_n in_o his_o own_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o he_o in_o this_o point_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o author_n name_n country_n and_o profession_n of_o his_o eminent_a learning_n with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o work_n in_o regard_v the_o author_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v first_o appear_v in_o print_n under_o the_o mistake_a name_n of_o bertram_n and_o by_o that_o name_n be_v best_a know_v even_o to_o this_o day_n i_o conceive_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o see_v what_o he_o be_v call_v in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o own_o work_n and_o in_o the_o write_n of_o other_o author_n especial_o those_o of_o his_o own_o time._n 79._o time._n seru._n lupus_n ep._n 79._o servatus_fw-la lupus_fw-la write_v to_o he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rotrannus_n who_o corbeiensem_fw-la who_o baluz_fw-fr in_o notis_fw-la ad_fw-la lupum_fw-la ad_fw-la rotrannum_fw-la monachus_fw-la corbeiensem_fw-la baluzius_n doubt_v not_o to_o have_v be_v our_o author_n and_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o epistle_n other_o call_v he_o ratramus_fw-la so_o his_o name_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o sigebertus_n gemblacensis_fw-la from_o the_o two_o manuscript_n mention_v by_o 1580._o by_o ad_fw-la cap._n 96._o sigeberti_n inter_fw-la illustr_n eccl._n scriptores_fw-la ed._n 88_o colon._n 1580._o suffridus_n petrus_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o he_o 28._o he_o flodoardi_fw-la hist_n remens_n l._n 3._o c._n 15._o &_o 28._o flodoardus_n who_o flourish_v about_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o our_o author_n call_v he_o ratrannus_n but_o in_o the_o inscription_n of_o his_o other_o work_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o manuscript_n as_o also_o that_o of_o this_o tract_n 43._o tract_n mabillon_n praefat_fw-la ad_fw-la acta_fw-la bened._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o cap._n 1._o n._n 43._o find_v by_o f._n mabillon_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o lobez_n he_o be_v call_v ratramnus_n so_o in_o the_o ratranni_fw-la the_o ibidem_fw-la scribitur_fw-la ratranni_fw-la super_fw-la posita_fw-la communi_fw-la nota_fw-la literae_fw-la m_o vel_fw-la n_n unde_fw-la orta_fw-la videtur_fw-la lectio_fw-la ratranni_fw-la catalogue_n of_o that_o library_n take_v a._n d._n 1049._o as_o also_o by_o deitate_fw-la by_o hincmarus_n de_fw-fr praed_n c._n 5._o &_o de_fw-la non_fw-la trina_fw-la deitate_fw-la hincmarus_n archbishop_n of_o rheims_n and_o ratramno_fw-la and_o in_o epistola_fw-la metrica_fw-la edita_fw-la per_fw-la cellotium_fw-la append._n opusc_n ii_o amico_n fer_fw-fr ovans_fw-la ratramno_fw-la gotteschalcus_n both_o contemporary_a with_o he_o and_o by_o the_o anonymous_n writer_n publish_v by_o praedest_fw-la by_o hist_o gotteschalci_fw-la praedest_fw-la f._n cellot_n who_o be_v now_o discover_v to_o be_v gemblac_n be_v mabillon_n praef._n ad_fw-la acta_fw-la ben._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o c._n 1._o n._n 47_o 48_o 49._o ex_fw-la ms._n gemblac_n herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobez_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1007._o his_o true_a name_n be_v doubtless_o ratramnus_n which_o come_v afterward_o to_o be_v change_v into_o bertramus_n by_o the_o error_n of_o some_o transcriber_n of_o sigebertus_n who_o mistake_v as_o he_o easy_o may_v the_o 1669._o the_o the_o like_a mistake_n have_v sometime_o happen_v in_o other_o name_n as_o babanus_n for_o rabanus_n in_o two_o mss._n of_o cellot_v anonymous_n writer_n in_o the_o library_n of_o st_n victor_n in_o paris_n when_o in_o the_o precede_a page_n they_o call_v rabanus_n dissert_n sur_fw-fr jean_n scot_n art._n 2._o p._n 6._o at_o the_o end_n mr._n arnaud_n defence_n in_o quarto_fw-la 1669._o r_n in_o his_o copy_n for_o a_o b_o the_o letter_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_a and_o trithemius_n use_v a_o copy_n of_o sigebert_n so_o write_v have_v propagate_v the_o mistake_n which_o though_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n yet_o aught_o to_o be_v rectify_v and_o our_o author_n be_v call_v by_o his_o true_a name_n ratramnus_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n a_o frenchman_n and_o of_o the_o province_n of_o picardy_n wherein_o he_o become_v a_o monk._n he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o corbey_n not_o new_a corbey_n upon_o the_o weser_n in_o saxony_n but_o the_o old_a corbey_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o amiens_n found_v by_o batildis_n wife_n to_o clodovaeus_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 665._o this_o be_v a_o very_a eminent_a monastery_n of_o benedictin_n in_o which_o the_o 5._o the_o quia_fw-la in_o corbeia_n monasterio_n laudabilis_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la religio_fw-la monachorum_fw-la habebatur_fw-la acta_fw-la bened._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 1._o in_o translat_a viti_n c._n 5._o discipline_n of_o that_o order_n be_v strict_o keep_v up_o in_o the_o nine_o century_n when_o the_o monk_n elsewhere_o grow_v very_o remiss_a and_o it_o be_v 5._o be_v mabillonius_n corbeiam_fw-la vocat_fw-la celebrem_fw-la academiam_fw-la in_o act._n ben._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o in_o elogio_fw-la historico_fw-la joanis_n aethelingiensis_n c._n 5._o a_o famous_a academy_n or_o seminary_n of_o learned_a as_o well_o as_o religious_a men._n in_o this_o cloister_n our_o author_n be_v so_o happy_a a_o proficient_a in_o the_o study_n of_o divinity_n that_o he_o be_v esteem_v well_o qualify_v for_o the_o holy_a order_n of_o priesthood_n and_o according_o receive_v it_o and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o bavo_n the_o same_o ratramnus_n as_o it_o be_v think_v be_v by_o carolus_n calvus_n promote_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o be_v of_o flodoard_v hist_o rhem._n l._n 3._o c._n 28._o abp_n usher_n seem_v to_o doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o author_n hist_o gotesc_n cap._n 11._o sub_fw-la finem_fw-la in_o margin_n but_o bishop_n cousin_n dr._n cave_n and_o albertinus_n doubt_v not_o but_o he_o be_v orbais_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o soissons_fw-fr modern_a writer_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a and_o reform_a church_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o mistake_n touch_v the_o time_n wherein_o bertram_n write_v this_o book_n some_o place_n he_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n and_o suppose_v this_o tract_n to_o be_v write_v a._n d._n 800._o or_o 806._o or_o 810._o so_o bertram_n so_o appar_fw-la sac._n t._n 1._o betramus_n garetius_n circa_fw-la annum_fw-la 806._o sir_n h._n line_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o bertram_n possevine_a and_o other_o the_o manifest_a cause_n of_o their_o mistake_n be_v the_o inscription_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o author_n address_n to_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v this_o tract_n must_v needs_o be_v write_v before_o the_o year_n chronolog_n year_n lambecius_n in_o orig._n hamb_n tom_fw-mi 2._o in_o tab_v chronolog_n 814._o in_o which_o he_o die_v but_o that_o 129._o that_o act._n ben._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o praef._n c._n 1._o n._n 129._o inscription_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o ms._n which_o f._n mabillon_n meet_v with_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o lobez_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v the_o author_n be_v for_o though_o carolus_n calvus_n may_v by_o some_o flatterer_n be_v style_v the_o great_a yet_o the_o addition_n of_o emperor_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v we_o to_o believe_v it_o genuine_a for_o he_o be_v not_o emperor_n till_o the_o year_n 875._o which_o be_v above_o 20_o year_n after_o ratramnus_n write_v this_o book_n so_o that_o what_o have_v pass_v for_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o book_n be_v only_o the_o conceit_n of_o some_o late_a transcriber_n but_o as_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o 〈…〉_o apparatus_fw-la paschasius_fw-la apparatus_fw-la possevin_n apar_fw-la sac_fw-la t._n 2._o paschasius_fw-la possevine_n fix_v our_o author_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n so_o forget_v himself_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n he_o err_v as_o much_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o work_n of_o paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n thrusts_z bertram_z down_o into_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o age_n and_o make_v he_o to_o have_v write_v a._n d._n 886._o under_o carolus_n crassus_n and_o say_v that_o paschasius_fw-la confute_v his_o error_n in_o a_o book_n to_o placidus_n i_o presume_v the_o ground_n to_o this_o conceit_n be_v that_o by_o this_o mean_n all_o objection_n against_o the_o address_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n seem_v to_o