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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67895	A learned discourse of ceremonies retained and used in Christian churches. Written by the Right Reverend Father in God Lancelot Andrews late Bishop of Winchester a little before his death: at the request of an eminent person that desired satisfaction therein. Printed by the original copy written with his own hand, ex pede Hercules.	Andrewes, Lancelot, 1555-1626.; Leigh, Edward, 1602-1671.	1653 (1653)	Wing A3131; ESTC R207727	21,081	91

Mercury was square and of Cubick-figure As we have no Images in our Temples so likewise was it used of many Heathens Among the Romans their holy and ancient King Numa by a Law banished Images or Idols out of their Temples Tacitus reports the Germans likewise would not represent the gods by Images and Strabo and Herodotus shew how the Persians for their gods neither made Altars nor Images And Eusebius writes the people called Caes by a speciall Law forbad the worshiping of Images To wade a little further the Gentiles having their Temples and Churches for their poeticall gods Christianity being received by consent of the Emperours and Civill Magistrates it is to be seen whether those Ethnick Churches were all demolished and new ones built of the Christians That many of the Heathen Churches were utterly ruinated many Historians and Fathers witnesse Among others St Ierom writing against Jovinian telleth of the destruction of the famous Temples of Iupiter Capitoline And in his Comment upon the Galatians his words are these Vacua Idolorum Templa quatiuntur And in the Theodosian Codex you may see a particular Rescript made by the Emperour Theodosius the younger That the Panism Temples in the East should be pluckt down they being fit to be the Dens of Devils or unclean spirits And their subversion of the Idols Temples is the reason that by the canon and common Law Ius aedificationis is a speciall cause that giveth the patronage or advowson of the Church unto a Lay-Patron But yet without controversie when Kingdoms and States turned from Idolatry or Paganism to Christianity and that in short time so powerfull was the holy Ghost many of the Heathen Temples were not overthrown But of necessity after some Ceremonies accomplished were used for Christian praiers and Assemblies By means whereof the alteration in the State was not so great the temporall world with Democritus being not to be new made ex atomis and men sooner and easilier embraced publique Christian Religion And this is the reason that by the Common Law of England a man may be said to be Patron of a Christian Church although he never built it if he only endow the Church with Revenues And as in forreign Countries the Emperor Honorius about the year 400. made a Law restraining the heat of the Christians against the Wals and stones of the Gentiles Temples The words of the Rescript are As we forbid their Sacrifices so we will the ornament of their publick works be kept And the first Christian Emperour Constantine made a Law against them which pluck down the Tombs and Monuments of the superstitious Heathens And those Laws methinks in forreign Countries gave some warrant for retaining Heathen Ceremonies So in our Country of England it is notorious by the Epistles of Pope Gregory himself who sent our Austin the Monk That although Pope Gregory in his Epistle to the King of England writ that ancient Pagan Temples in England might wholly be destroied yet afterwards the same Pope better advising that somewhat was to be yeelded unto them that were weak in faith as the Apostles did he writeth a peculiar Epistle to Miletus one of the first Apostles or Bishops of the English-men and expresly willeth that the Temples of the Idols in England be not destroied but that they be hallowed and sanctified and turned into Oratories for Christians And as in generall for other Countries this appeareth by Theodoret so now it is a work of some difficulty to shew you in particular what Christian Church at this day standing was anciently the Temple of such an Heathen god In Rome by full ample authority it is plain as by Beda in his severall Books by Ado by Paulus Diaconus and others that Pantheon the Temple in Rome for all the Heathen gods was given by Phocas the Emperor about the 5. year of his Reign unto Pope Boniface the 4. and by the said Pope dedicated to the honour of our Lady and of all Martyrs It is now called the round Church of our Lady And the shape and antiquity thereof is pourtraied lively in the first description of Ianus Outerus his ancient descriptions whose works may please a man that delighteth in this point Dion writes in the Reign of the Emperor Titus when Rome burnt by the space of 3. daies that the Temple Pantheon was burnt but Eusebius saith In the 13. year of Trajan Pantheon was burnt with a Thunderbolt howsoever it was reedified by the Heathen Emperours It is evident by Beda that we had a Pantheon in England it stood in a Town in York-shire now called Godmanham this Temple among our Ancestors the Pagan Saxons was called Godmandingham and was totally burnt by the people of Northumberland when at the preaching of Paulinus King Edwyne of an Idolater became a Christian Beda writes the Heathen person or Flamine Coysi was the first qui injecta lanceâ prophanavit sum omnibus septis suis succendit burnt the very wals of the Church yard Pope Gregory writeth in his Dialogues that Pope Benedict translated the Church of Apollo into the Oratory of S. Martins And Cardinall Bellarmine sheweth that at this day the Church of St Cosme and Damiano in Rome was the materiall Heathen Temples of Castor and Pollux And Ado writeth In the Year 425. Pope Sixtus turned the Temple of God Bacchus in Rome into the Church of our Lady But for England to omit out of Ziphilin the Abridger that anciently the Brittains worshipped commonly in the Church of God Victory as many Learned men have reason to conjecture S. Pauls Church in London to have been the Heathen Temple of Diana For that the adjacent and skirtbuildings unto the Church are called the chambers of Diana As also that in Edw. 1. time as our Chroniclers report in Pauls Church-yard were digged up an innumerable number of Oxeheads which the Learned know were anciently the Sacrifices unto Diana So certain I am that S. Peters Church now called Westminster Abby was anciently the Temple of Apollo For so it appeareth by one of the Charters of King Edgar made to Westminster Abby and this is also recited in Sulcardus Book an Authour that lived near William the Conquerors time And in the Legier Book of St Albones it is written in the life of St Eadmerus the 9. Abbot of St Albones who lived in the time of our King Edward the Martyr that in digging for a Foundation about Albones Abby was found a Book written in the Brittish Tongue And that of the first part discoursed of St Albones the second part treated of the Idolatry of the Citizens of St Albones Verulamij unto the Sun and unto Mercury Hence I conceive probably the ancient Churches of St Albones were dedicated to the service of the Sun and Mercury their gods To proceed as lawfully the civill and supream Magistrates gave the Temples of the Heathens to the Christians as well St Austin notes in one Epistle that the Christian Emperours did passe over to the

Alexander of Alexandro Their having of Nunnes and Women for Societies or Colledges was used amongst the Heathen as I gather out of Plutarch And that the whole swarm of Friars or Monks was first fledged amongst the Heathen at large appeareth by Learned Hospinian The Papists placing of Images in their Temples and every image to have his severall Priest their Priests to have shaven Crowns to be unmarried to have Frankincense-offerings Fasts and Feasts to have candles in them and to carry them up and down in every respect is Heathenish And to do no wrong Chemnitius in particular proveth this by variety of Authours The placing of Lights in Churches at some time is not altogether an Heathenish Ceremony although it appear by Seneca the Gentiles had it Suidas in the word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} thinketh they were first used in Athenian Temples For the ancient Fathers used a kinde of light in the Primitive Church which made St Austin to write They promise to the Churches one oyl another way to solace themselves for the night-light But their burning of Tapers in their Churches at noon-day is altogether a Pagan custom as Rhenanus well observes in his Comment upon Tertullian And I take it their burning of Torches at Funerals is meerly a superfluous Ceremony of the Gentiles as appeareth by Virgil and his Commenter Servius writing upon the Funerall of Pallans Lucet via longo ordine flammarum latè discriminat agros Hierom writing of the death of Blesilla describeth the Funerall pomp of the Christians The Papists kissing of their hands as a kinde of worship in their Churches agreeth in intent with the Heathenish custome although Prudentius and Optatus make mention of kissing of hands in the Primitive Church And this Caelius Rhod. 11. notes out of Pliny and Apuleius Lucian cals the worshipping by laying the finger to the mouth to be the sacrifice of poor men as having nothing else to offer The Learned Chief Justice of France Brissonius whom one cals Varro Galliae particularly writeth why the Papists purposely imitate the Heathens in turning on the left hand at their right Sacrifices M. Perkins noteth out of Ruffinus that pro Thoracibus Serapidis Constantine caused the Sign of the Cross to be erected in Pillars and Houses Sozomenes writeth Constantine pro laboro posuit signum crucis and hence he would have this a superfluous Ceremony of this kinde But unto this I cannot as yet subscribe Likewise where Iulius Pacius wittily notes that the whole corps of the Canon Law or Ecclesiasticall Discipline imitateth the feature and structure of the corps of the Civill Laws generally being Heathen For the common Law-Book called Decretum answereth the Pandects the Decretall the Codex For as in the Codex there are the Imperiall so in the Decretals there are the Pontificiall constitutions And as the answers of wise men that is Lawyers are reported in the Digest so the sentences of the Authours are registred in their Decretum all this I condemn not as an idle correspondency But to leave this point of our Divines I spare to prove out of Calvin their praier for the dead as an idle imitation of the Heathen That their worshiping the Reliques of their Saints and Martyrs is meer Gentilism the ancient bait of Satan And therefore generally to conclude I conceive the Jesuites the golden staves and mattocks of the Sea of Rome whose name answereth Heraclitus's Greek Name for a Bow {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} that is Thy Name saith Heraclitus a bow is life but thy work is death In office resemble the Heathen Priests of the Indians called Brachmanes mentioned by Ozorius He saith these Heathen Clergy-Priests also study Philosophy and the Mathematicall Arts Insomuch that by their learning and counterfeit holinesse they continue all their life time the singular contrivers of all fraud and villany For my warrant I appeal to the Catastrophe of many Houses of Nobility of this Realm acted by the Jesuites 4. Thus according to my main design I have instanced in many Ecclesiasticall Ceremonies of the Heathen which are or may be lawfully used in ours or any other Christian State For the generall in the Civill Law-Book called Digests which contains the writings of the old Lawyers which were Heathens you may reade many precepts superstitious rather then religious of their Heathen Sacrifices and Church-discipline And yet when the Emperours of Rome began after to be Christians you may perceive by the civill-law-Civill-Law-Books called Codex how in many points the Emperours retain them But further to exemplifie this is a matter fruitlesse I stand not hereupon But more particularly the Ceremonies on this behalf to be recited I shall refer unto the Heathen Churches the Heathen Flamines or Ministers the Heathen people That the Heathens afore the Christians had their Temples to resort unto where they were to worship their Panism Gods no man will deny though Diogenes in his Cinique Mood held Temples unnecessary by affirming the whole world was the godly and holy Temple of the gods where he would pray and this was also the opinion of Zenon and also of our Ancestors the Saxons as appeareth by Abbas Uspergensis The Scythians by Herodotus erected Temples or Churches to none of the gods but only unto Mars But although Clemens Alexandrinus note that in the beginning superstition was the parent of all Pagan Temples they being formerly saith he the Sepulchres for men Yet Isidore well notes out of Tranquillus that when the people Heathen began to be civill their Temples were built and altered fairer both within and without Moreover the very name of the Heathen Assemblies among the Athenians and the Cities of Asia was Ecclesia which retaineth the name of the Churches among the Christians at this day Onuphrius Panvinus writeth the Church Ecclesia signifieth a Congregation And it is called Basilicon or Temple after the manner of the Gentiles And as we have Bels in our Churches so had the Pagans in theirs By Suetonius the Emperour Octavius Augustus was the first who in the highest place of the Temple of Iupiter Capitoline hanged Bels that at the ringing of their Bels the Heathens were wont to meet at their Assemblies as at Baths and otherwise is plain by Martial who writeth Redde pilam sonat aes Thermarum ludere pergis But yet you may see by a part of the canon Law called the Clementines that the Saracens in their Steeples have no Bels For the fabrick or structure of the Temples whether the Christian Temples were square and the Heathens all round with Dr Humphrey as no diversity I leave it to be enquired of the curious only I note out of Secrates the ancient and Apostolical Churches of the Christians in Antiochia in Syria were built round And out of Giraldus that the Temple of Vesta was like unto a Ball The Temple of the Sun and Bacchus is round And that Stuckius in his Comment upon Arrianus notes the Temple of