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of_o the_o popish_a pikeman_n by_o the_o length_n of_o their_o pike_n and_o immediate_o after_o rout_v the_o whole_a body_n not_o suffer_v one_o german_n to_o escape_v upon_o this_o the_o pope_n cavalry_n flee_v and_o the_o vrsiâ—â—s_n keep_v the_o field_n force_v his_o holiness_n to_o grant_v they_o against_o his_o will_n a_o advantageous_a peace_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o number_n of_o pikeman_n allow_v to_o each_o company_n i_o shall_v do_v that_o in_o its_o due_a place_n but_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o there_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a esteem_n make_v of_o the_o pike_n in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v so_o useful_a and_o so_o necessary_a a_o weapon_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o the_o war_n be_v very_o hot_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n between_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n and_o the_o catholic_n league_n as_o it_o be_v call_v on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o evangelic_n union_n as_o they_o call_v it_o on_o the_o other_o i_o see_v such_o 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ever_o have_v extirpate_v the_o city_n and_o name_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o rome_n be_v fave_v not_o at_o all_o by_o the_o senate_n prudence_n but_o by_o her_o enemy_n negligence_n seven_o their_o custom_n to_o recall_v their_o consul_n and_o proconsul_n at_o seven_o seven_o the_o end_n of_o every_o year_n unless_o by_o mighty_a favour_n or_o invincible_a necessity_n they_o be_v continue_v which_o make_v their_o general_n either_o desperate_o hazard_v battle_n or_o grant_v a_o advantageous_a and_o honourable_a peace_n to_o their_o almost_o conquer_a enemy_n lest_o their_o successor_n shall_v have_v the_o honour_n to_o finish_v the_o war._n take_v these_o instance_n sempronius_n against_o all_o reason_n will_v needs_o fight_v hannibal_n at_o trebia_n before_o his_o colleague_n publ._n scipiâ—_n be_v recover_v of_o his_o wound_n for_o fear_v new_a consul_n shall_v come_v and_o rob_v he_o of_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o victory_n the_o like_a fear_n make_v titus_n flaminius_n grant_v a_o 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so_o wander_v and_o so_o little_a constant_a to_o himself_o that_o i_o go_v away_o from_o he_o and_o those_o who_o comment_n on_o he_o as_o ignorant_a of_o some_o point_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n as_o when_o i_o meet_v with_o either_o he_o or_o they_o i_o be_o not_o guilty_a nor_o shall_v be_v of_o so_o great_a presumption_n as_o to_o fix_v any_o blemish_n on_o a_o person_n who_o name_n have_v be_v hold_v for_o so_o many_o age_n in_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v think_v first_o we_o have_v not_o all_o he_o write_v on_o that_o subject_n though_o excuse_v excuse_v his_o treatise_n seem_v to_o be_v full_a and_o next_o that_o when_o print_v first_o appear_v in_o the_o world_n some_o paper_n of_o his_o have_v be_v too_o careless_o piece_v together_o and_o that_o perhaps_o put_v in_o several_a chapter_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v in_o one_o hence_o may_v come_v his_o frequent_a tautology_n and_o a_o close_o make_v to_o a_o paragraph_n to_o which_o the_o 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be_v choose_v the_o senator_n dictator_n consul_n proconsul_n praetor_n and_o propraetor_n till_o the_o commons_o after_o long_a strife_n wrong_v from_o the_o patritian_n the_o privilege_n to_o have_v a_o plebeian_n consul_n and_o other_o magistrate_n out_o of_o the_o equestral_a order_n be_v all_o their_o horseman_n levy_v so_o that_o all_o of_o the_o roman_a cavalry_n be_v gentleman_n which_o custom_n be_v follow_v gentleman_n roman_n horseman_n all_o gentleman_n by_o many_o nation_n for_o many_o age_n but_o be_v now_o well_o near_o wear_v out_o the_o roman_a horseman_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o censor_n of_o the_o plebeian_n or_o commons_o be_v the_o foot_n soldier_n elect_v vegetius_n say_v that_o the_o countrey-fellow_n be_v rather_o choose_v than_o those_o breed_v in_o city_n and_o in_o the_o person_n who_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o require_v bigness_n or_o talness_n of_o body_n as_o marius_n do_v as_o the_o largeness_n of_o their_o breast_n the_o vivacity_n of_o their_o eye_n the_o brawniness_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o leg_n he_o make_v choice_n rather_o of_o artificer_n and_o tradesman_n plebeian_n foot_n soldier_n plebeian_n than_o merchant_n but_o of_o these_o he_o reject_v fisher_n fowler_n clothier_n confectioner_n and_o all_o such_o who_o trade_n be_v sedentary_a and_o hereby_o he_o exclude_v tailor_n and_o shoemaker_n but_o i_o have_v know_v good_a soldier_n of_o both_o for_o all_o these_o he_o esteem_v womanly_a but_o he_o admit_v hunter_n hawkers_o smith_n carpenter_n and_o such_o as_o they_o this_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v all_o vegtius_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o roman_a levy_n other_o author_n show_v we_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o levy_n which_o be_v this_o every_o levy_n manner_n of_o the_o roman_a levy_n year_n when_o the_o consul_n be_v elect_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v unless_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n require_v more_o that_o be_v two_o for_o every_o consul_n which_o with_o as_o many_o from_o the_o ally_n make_v up_o two_o consular_a army_n at_o that_o time_n do_v all_o the_o tribe_n appear_v which_o in_o the_o flourish_a condition_n of_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o be_v thirty_o five_o in_o the_o first_o place_n twenty_o four_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n be_v choose_v whereof_o fourteen_o be_v of_o the_o equestral_a and_o ten_o of_o the_o popular_a order_n suppose_v still_o that_o four_o legion_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v for_o if_o either_o more_o or_o less_o the_o number_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v vegetius_n say_v that_o six_o tribune_n be_v constant_o ordain_v for_o every_o legion_n whatever_o strength_n it_o be_v of_o but_o by_o his_o favour_n livy_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o nine_o book_n that_o there_o be_v but_o four_o tribune_n in_o every_o legion_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n and_o at_o that_o time_n the_o tribune_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribe_n and_o from_o thence_o they_o have_v their_o denomination_n and_o i_o find_v likewise_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o tribe_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n but_o in_o the_o macedonian_a the_o consul_n have_v the_o election_n of_o they_o two_o year_n after_o that_o war_n be_v end_v livy_n inform_v we_o the_o tribe_n resume_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o elect_v their_o tribune_n the_o manner_n in_o which_o the_o tribune_n or_o colonel_n elect_v their_o soldier_n be_v elect_v how_o the_o legion_n be_v elect_v this_o every_o tribe_n divide_v its_o man_n that_o be_v fit_a for_o service_n by_o four_o of_o the_o first_o four_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o first_o legion_n choose_v one_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o second_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n choose_v the_o three_o and_o the_o four_o man_n fall_v to_o the_o lot_n of_o the_o elder_a tribune_n of_o the_o four_o legion_n of_o the_o second_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o three_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o and_o of_o the_o four_o four_o the_o first_o tribune_n of_o the_o four_o legion_n choose_v the_o first_o and_o so_o again_o alternative_o till_o the_o legion_n be_v all_o complete_a and_o the_o election_n for_o all_o the_o four_o legion_n as_o equal_o make_v as_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v those_o who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o always_o tirones_fw-la or_o novitiate_v for_o many_o of_o they_o have_v serve_v in_o the_o war_n before_o but_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o be_v enroll_v at_o new_a levy_n if_o elect_v till_o they_o have_v serve_v out_o that_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v and_o what_o that_o be_v shall_v be_v immediate_o tell_v you_o those_o who_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o foot_n service_n be_v ordinary_o divide_v into_o four_o class_n in_o the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o experiment_a and_o be_v call_v triarii_n in_o the_o second_o those_o of_o the_o strong_a body_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o three_o be_v those_o who_o be_v in_o their_o youthful_a year_n and_o have_v least_o experience_n and_o be_v call_v hastati_fw-la in_o the_o four_o class_n be_v those_o who_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v light_o arm_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o velite_n of_o all_o these_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o i_o shall_v speak_v particular_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n the_o tribune_n have_v the_o power_n also_o to_o choose_v the_o centurion_n the_o standard_n elect_v how_o the_o officer_n be_v elect_v ensign_n and_o eagle-bearer_n but_o not_o according_a to_o their_o own_o pleasure_n but_o according_a to_o the_o time_n they_o have_v serve_v the_o degree_n they_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o donative_n they_o have_v get_v and_o the_o service_n they_o have_v do_v and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o conceive_v he_o get_v wrong_v he_o have_v
he_o know_v best_o but_o the_o old_a roman_n dart_v their_o â—avelines_n as_o they_o be_v advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n and_o be_v command_v by_o their_o general_n to_o make_v haste_n to_o come_v to_o dint_n of_o sword_n esteem_v by_o they_o the_o prince_n of_o weapon_n so_o caesar_n legionary_n at_o pharsalia_n be_v order_v after_o each_o man_n have_v cast_v his_o javeline_n to_o run_v to_o the_o shock_n which_o according_o they_o do_v the_o manner_n of_o throw_v their_o pila_fw-la be_v that_o the_o first_o rank_n throw_v first_o and_o immediate_o throw_v how_o they_o be_v throw_v bow_v down_o that_o the_o second_o rank_n may_v cast_v over_o their_o head_n so_o do_v the_o three_o and_o four_o and_o the_o rest_n till_o all_o the_o rank_n have_v throw_v when_o they_o stand_v in_o order_n of_o battle_n they_o use_v to_o stick_v their_o javelines_n in_o the_o ground_n till_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v so_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o no_o doubt_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n they_o may_v have_v make_v a_o pallisado_n of_o they_o against_o horse_n as_o suedish_n feather_n have_v be_v use_v in_o our_o time_n yet_o we_o read_v not_o in_o history_n that_o any_o such_o use_n be_v ever_o make_v of_o the_o roman_a pilum_fw-la be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v foot_n i_o shall_v desire_v my_o reader_n once_o for_o all_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o vegetius_n be_v desire_v by_o the_o emperor_n valentinian_n to_o give_v he_o the_o constitution_n law_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a art_n of_o war_n and_o not_o of_o any_o custom_n late_o creep_v in_o notwithstanding_o which_o he_o reckon_v among_o the_o light_a arm_a foot_n plumbati_n who_o he_o likewise_o call_v martiobarbuli_n and_o fustubularii_n who_o i_o can_v english_a otherwise_o than_o the_o first_o to_o be_v lead-caster_n and_o the_o second_o to_o be_v slinger_n with_o battoon_n he_o reckon_v also_o archer_n but_o in_o ancient_a history_n we_o do_v not_o read_v of_o any_o of_o those_o three_o for_o the_o old_a roman_n acknowledge_v not_o other_o light_n arm_v or_o velite_n but_o slinger_n velite_n roman_n velite_n and_o darter_n both_o these_o be_v arm_v defensive_o with_o headpiece_n of_o raw-hides_a and_o a_o target_n four_o handful_n long_o and_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n for_o offence_n arm_v how_o arm_v the_o darter_n have_v a_o sword_n and_o seven_o dart_n the_o slinger_n have_v a_o sling_n a_o sword_n and_o a_o number_n of_o stone_n some_o allow_v also_o to_o both_o of_o they_o a_o little_a javeline_n of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n long_o the_o spanish_a dart_n be_v wing_a at_o the_o point_n can_v hardly_o be_v pull_v out_o of_o a_o shield_n or_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n such_o arrow_n be_v common_a and_o be_v call_v barb_a but_o the_o sagumine_fw-la dart_n which_o be_v call_v falarica_fw-la deserve_v falarica_fw-la the_o saguntine_n falarica_fw-la to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o livius_n describe_v it_o thus_o in_o his_o 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to_o carry_v five_o heavy_a exceed_o heavy_a day_n meat_n and_o twelve_o pallisadoe_n it_o be_v true_a his_o march_n be_v but_o short_a the_o territory_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o yet_o you_o will_v think_v the_o roman_n have_v be_v but_o at_o that_o time_n raw_a boy_n if_o you_o observe_v what_o follow_v scipio_n africanus_n the_o young_a who_o destroy_v carthage_n cause_v every_o one_o of_o his_o foot_n soldier_n to_o carry_v provision_n for_o thirty_o day_n and_o seven_o stake_n wherewith_o to_o pallisado_n his_o camp_n câ—sar_n say_v that_o afranius_n poâ—pâ—ys_n legate_n in_o spain_n cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o carry_v meat_n for_o twenty_o five_o day_n beside_o stake_n the_o famous_a consul_n marius_n intend_v a_o reformation_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n in_o his_o time_n corrupt_v thereby_o to_o make_v himself_o more_o able_a to_o overcome_v the_o cimbrian_o and_o teutones_n who_o have_v invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n with_o a_o deluge_n 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to_o be_v find_v any_o where_o he_o think_v according_a to_o pythagoras_n his_o transmigration_n they_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o mule_n and_o ass_n of_o aâ—uâ—rgne_n and_o indeed_o our_o modern_a army_n who_o heavy_a arm_v be_v scarce_o so_o well_o arm_v for_o defence_n as_o the_o roman_a velite_n be_v do_v not_o march_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o one_o day_n but_o with_o a_o very_a great_a loss_n in_o the_o rear_n whereas_o the_o roman_n march_v further_o in_o five_o hour_n incredible_a march_v almost_o incredible_a which_o be_v practise_v by_o câ—sar_n when_o he_o march_v after_o and_o overtake_v the_o eduans_n who_o have_v desert_v they_o he_o march_v with_o all_o his_o cavalry_n and_o four_o legion_n of_o his_o foot_n it_o be_v true_a his_o soldier_n carry_v no_o baggage_n with_o they_o
lipsius_n his_o own_o account_n reckon_v but_o one_o banner_n to_o every_o maniple_n if_o he_o have_v get_v all_o he_o shall_v have_v get_v just_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o yet_o caesar_n declare_v he_o get_v no_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o what_o will_v follow_v upon_o all_o this_o but_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ensign_n escape_v as_o well_o as_o the_o two_o eagle_n or_o that_o they_o be_v tear_v or_o destroy_v by_o the_o bearer_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o our_o own_o time_n for_o ensign_n to_o do_v but_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o hastati_fw-la have_v yet_o each_o century_n of_o the_o triarii_n have_v but_o one_o colour_n because_o of_o their_o small_a number_n but_o his_o conjecture_n be_v ill_o ground_v as_o not_o agreeable_a to_o ancient_a story_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o thirty_o man_n of_o the_o triarii_n shall_v make_v a_o century_n that_o century_n ought_v to_o have_v 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that_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la stand_v at_o a_o distance_n just_a behind_o the_o interval_n that_o be_v i_o pray_v you_o observe_v it_o between_o two_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o not_o direct_o behind_o one_o of_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n and_o the_o three_o maniple_n of_o the_o cohort_n which_o be_v of_o the_o triarii_n stand_v direct_o behind_o the_o marshal_v how_o marshal_v interval_n that_o be_v between_o two_o maniple_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o to_o speak_v it_o once_o for_o all_o this_o be_v ever_o the_o roman_a custom_n of_o marshal_v these_o three_o class_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_fw-la except_o once_o at_o zama_n where_o scipio_n draw_v they_o up_o in_o a_o direct_a and_o straight_a line_n one_o just_a behind_o another_o leave_v one_o interval_n direct_o opposite_a to_o that_o which_o be_v before_o it_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o fury_n of_o hannibal_n numerous_a elephant_n say_v livius_n 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description_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n vegetius_n make_v his_o first_o cohort_n to_o consist_v of_o one_o thousand_o man_n and_o more_o and_o all_o the_o other_o nine_o of_o five_o hundred_o and_o cohort_n vegetius_n his_o cohort_n fifty_o apiece_o whereas_o according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o his_o legion_n which_o be_v six_o thousand_o and_o one_o hundred_o each_o cohort_n shall_v have_v consist_v of_o six_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o man_n or_o thereabouts_o neither_o do_v his_o commentator_n stevechius_n defend_v he_o well_o by_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v millenariae_n cohortes_n cohort_n of_o thousand_o for_o these_o be_v not_o legionary_a cohort_n but_o band_n batallion_n or_o body_n of_o such_o company_n centuriates_n or_o maniple_n as_o the_o praetor_n consul_n imperator_n or_o general_n choose_v and_o appoint_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o be_v call_v cohortes_n prâ—torianâ—_n or_o praetorian_a guard_n and_o be_v strong_a cohort_n 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the_o left_a wing_n compose_v of_o roman_a horse_n but_o when_o they_o fight_v without_o ally_n than_o their_o horse_n be_v draw_v up_o on_o both_o wing_n and_o sometime_o as_o i_o have_v say_v interline_v with_o foot_n but_o scarce_o or_o rather_o never_o do_v i_o read_v in_o any_o ancient_a history_n that_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o troop_n among_o the_o legionary_a foot_n whereof_o i_o shall_v tell_v you_o more_o hereafter_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n and_o how_o the_o same_o vegetius_n contradict_v polybius_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o roman_a horseman_n guard_n shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o guard_n and_o round_n chap._n viii_o of_o their_o trumpeter_n horn-winders_a and_o of_o the_o classicum_fw-la since_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o both_o foot_n and_o horse_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o know_v to_o what_o martial_a instrument_n or_o sound_v both_o shall_v hearken_v i_o find_v tubicines_n these_o be_v trumpeter_n cornicine_n these_o be_v horn-winders_a and_o buccinatores_fw-la who_o i_o think_v use_v the_o horn_n of_o cow_n and_o ox_n and_o the_o classicuâ—_n all_o these_o be_v common_a to_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n neither_o have_v the_o one_o any_o title_n to_o pretend_v to_o either_o of_o these_o more_o than_o the_o other_o have_v nor_o be_v any_o of_o they_o peculiar_a to_o the_o one_o more_o than_o to_o the_o other_o though_o now_o the_o horse_n troop_n appropriate_v the_o trumpet_n to_o themselves_o as_o the_o foot_n do_v the_o drum_n the_o trumpet_n be_v a_o ancient_a instrument_n of_o war_n at_o first_o and_o i_o believe_v for_o trumpeter_n trumpeter_n many_o age_n make_v of_o brass_n hence_o the_o poet_n aere_fw-la ciere_fw-la virâ—s_fw-la though_o the_o luxury_n of_o after-age_n make_v their_o composition_n of_o silver_n we_o find_v they_o be_v common_a to_o
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triarii_n warrior_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o triarii_fw-la triarii_fw-la arm_n and_o weapon_n who_o the_o ancient_n call_v triarii_n these_o say_v he_o use_v to_o sit_v than_o they_o kneel_v not_o behind_o all_o the_o other_o batallion_n that_o be_v whole_a and_o sound_a and_o in_o breath_n they_o may_v with_o more_o vigour_n attack_z the_o enemy_n for_o if_o any_o thing_n fall_v out_o otherwise_o than_o well_o with_o the_o batallion_n that_o stand_v before_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n depend_v on_o they_o now_o if_o our_o author_n have_v speak_v well_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n i_o be_o sure_a he_o have_v speak_v enough_o of_o it_o he_o have_v be_v at_o much_o pain_n to_o make_v up_o that_o legion_n but_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n to_o take_v it_o down_o in_o piece_n in_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n xii_o vegetius_n his_o legion_n review_v and_o examine_v whoever_o have_v read_v or_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o read_v vegetius_n his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la will_v believe_v with_o i_o that_o he_o intend_v nothing_o less_o than_o to_o write_v the_o military_a constitution_n and_o custom_n of_o levy_n arm_n exercise_v marshal_n embattel_v march_v or_o other_o law_n and_o point_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n use_v in_o his_o own_o day_n but_o in_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a way_n and_o method_n of_o war_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n and_o this_o he_o profess_v all_o along_o not_o only_o in_o his_o prologue_n to_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n valentinian_n but_o almost_o in_o every_o book_n of_o his_o treatise_n in_o the_o prologue_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o set_v down_o the_o antiqua_fw-la the_o ancient_a custom_n in_o the_o prologue_n to_o militia_n vegetius_n oblige_v himself_o to_o write_v of_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n his_o three_o book_n he_o aver_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v command_v he_o to_o abbreviate_v in_o one_o piece_n all_o the_o ancient_a military_a custom_n and_o constitution_n which_o be_v disperse_v and_o scatter_v in_o several_a book_n and_o author_n and_o in_o one_o word_n he_o entitle_v his_o epitome_n institution_n of_o military_a matter_n out_o of_o the_o commentary_n of_o cato_n celsus_n trajan_n adrian_n and_o frontinus_n now_o none_o of_o these_o write_v or_o can_v write_v of_o any_o military_a custom_n practise_v in_o vegetius_n his_o time_n as_o have_v live_v several_a age_n before_o he_o and_o he_o acknowledge_v himself_o that_o the_o art_n of_o war_n of_o his_o day_n be_v but_o a_o shadow_n and_o scarce_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a one_o but_o by_o the_o way_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o stevechius_n think_v adrian_n write_v no_o military_a constitution_n since_o at_o his_o desire_n aelian_a have_v compose_v that_o piece_n de_fw-fr instruendiâ—_n aciebus_fw-la whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v but_o his_o reason_n 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the_o rule_n of_o military_a law_n but_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o justify_v my_o charge_n in_o this_o follow_a order_n first_o i_o question_v the_o number_n of_o his_o legionary_a foot_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v error_n first_o error_n six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o all_o heavy_a arm_v mark_v that_o i_o read_v once_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o once_o more_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o two_o hundred_o and_o in_o that_o number_n be_v comprehend_v the_o velite_n but_o never_o of_o six_o thousand_o and_o one_o hun-hundred_n the_o truth_n be_v romulus_n make_v his_o legion_n three_o thousand_o after_o he_o it_o be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o king_n senate_n or_o people_n pleasure_n or_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n to_o 4000_o to_o 4200_o to_o 5000_o to_o 5200_o and_o sometime_o but_o very_a seldom_o to_o 6000_o or_o 6200_o as_o regiment_n be_v now_o make_v strong_a and_o weak_a in_o our_o modern_a levy_n according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o make_v they_o but_o for_o most_o part_n the_o ancient_a roman_a legion_n be_v 4000_o or_o 4200._o livy_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v four_o legion_n be_v levy_v against_o the_o gaul_n each_o of_o 4000_o foot_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o consulship_n of_o young_a camillus_n four_o legion_n be_v raise_v each_o of_o 4200_o foot_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o latin_n every_o legion_n consist_v of_o 5000_o foot_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n he_o make_v the_o legion_n to_o be_v 4000_o foot_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o samnite_n in_o his_o 21_o book_n he_o speak_v of_o six_o legion_n each_o of_o they_o 4000_o foot_n and_o not_o to_o spend_v more_o time_n in_o instance_n the_o same_o historian_n out_o of_o who_o and_o polybius_n i_o suppose_v vegetius_n borrow_v his_o great_a light_n of_o history_n say_v in_o his_o 22_o book_n that_o every_o roman_a legion_n be_v 5000_o foot_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o dangerous_a war_n with_o their_o redoubt_a enemy_n hannibal_n but_o after_o that_o be_v end_v they_o be_v reduce_v to_o 4000_o till_o the_o macedonian_a war_n except_o that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v make_v 6200_o by_o scipio_n unless_o then_o once_o in_o africa_n and_o once_o in_o greece_n we_o never_o find_v a_o legion_n 6000_o strong_a but_o never_o at_o all_o to_o be_v 6100_o as_o vegetius_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v constant_o he_o will_v have_v do_v himself_o much_o right_n and_o his_o reader_n a_o great_a favour_n to_o have_v tell_v who_o levy_v these_o legion_n of_o 6100._o if_o it_o be_v so_o in_o his_o own_o time_n or_o yet_o in_o the_o decadency_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o militia_n that_o make_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n it_o
legion_n 300_o horse_n yet_o must_v not_o that_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o that_o these_o 300_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o member_n or_o part_n of_o that_o legion_n nay_o most_o author_n disjoin_v they_o and_o say_v so_o many_o legion_n and_o so_o many_o horse_n be_v raise_v let_v caesar_n a_o author_n beyond_o all_o exception_n be_v judg._n in_o the_o seven_o book_n of_o the_o french_a war_n he_o say_v he_o give_v to_o his_o legate_n labienus_n the_o same_o who_o afterward_o desert_v he_o four_o legion_n and_o keep_v six_o with_o himself_o and_o that_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a he_o mean_v only_a foot_n he_o subjoin_v that_o he_o order_v he_o to_o take_v a_o part_n of_o the_o cavalry_n with_o he_o how_o many_o he_o tell_v not_o but_o if_o every_o legion_n be_v to_o have_v a_o set_a number_n of_o horse_n that_o great_a captain_n who_o lose_v no_o word_n in_o his_o commentary_n need_v not_o have_v mention_v horse_n for_o caesar_n prove_v from_o caesar_n when_o he_o say_v he_o send_v four_o legion_n we_o shall_v have_v know_v that_o 2004_o horse_n be_v send_v according_a to_o vegetius_n his_o account_n of_o 726_o horse_n for_o every_o legion_n or_o 1200_o according_a to_o the_o true_a account_n of_o 300_o for_o every_o legion_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n he_o send_v cassius_n longinus_n to_o thessaly_n with_o one_o legion_n and_o two_o hundred_o horse_n not_o with_o â—26_n nor_o yet_o with_o 300._o he_o senâ—_n calvisiâ—s_n sabinus_n to_o aetolia_n with_o five_o cohort_n and_o a_o few_o horse_n he_o send_v câ—eias_n domitius_n to_o macedon_n with_o three_o legion_n and_o 500_o horse_n hear_v he_o speak_v once_o more_o for_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v hear_v he_o tell_v we_o in_o that_o same_o book_n that_o sâ—ipio_n pompey_n father-in-law_n bring_v out_o of_o syria_n to_o greece_n omnes_fw-la legiones_fw-la equitesque_fw-la all_o the_o legion_n and_o the_o horseman_n if_o horse_n belong_v proper_o to_o legion_n why_o do_v he_o distinguish_v they_o who_o know_v â—he_n military_a art_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o art_n best_o of_o any_o but_o vegetius_n shall_v be_v invincible_a for_o i_o unless_o he_o beat_v himself_o which_o he_o will_v present_o do_v for_o notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n yet_o in_o the_o 15_o chapter_n of_o that_o same_o book_n he_o confess_v that_o equites_fw-la locantur_fw-la in_o cornibus_fw-la horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n and_o in_o the_o 17_o chapter_n he_o say_v equites_fw-la ponuniur_fw-fr in_fw-la cornibus_fw-la it_o a_o vi_o loricaâ—â—_n amnes_fw-la juncti_fw-la sint_fw-la peditibus_fw-la the_o horseman_n be_v place_v in_o the_o wing_n so_o that_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_a horse_n join_v with_o the_o foot_n what_o mean_v that_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n it_o be_v that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o join_v with_o the_o foot_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a and_o so_o himself_o clear_v it_o in_o that_o very_a chapter_n where_o he_o say_v if_o horseman_n be_v too_o weak_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_n footman_n who_o himself_o and_o out_o of_o vegetius_n himself_o be_v swift_a arm_v with_o light_a target_n and_o exercise_v in_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n be_v to_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o for_o foot_n mix_v with_o the_o horse_n and_o horse_n join_v to_o the_o foot_n be_v two_o several_a thing_n and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v the_o horse_n be_v call_v the_o wing_n because_o they_o protect_v the_o foot_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la alarnm_fw-la to_o the_o similitude_n of_o wing_n let_v now_o any_o man_n reconcile_v vegetius_n to_o himself_o and_o he_o and_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o soon_o good_a friend_n but_o the_o hastati_fw-la make_v a_o terrible_a clamour_n and_o cry_v they_o have_v wrong_v do_v they_o error_n four_o error_n by_o vegetius_n in_o marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la 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along_o in_o his_o whole_a treatise_n our_o author_n marshal_n the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la against_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o all_o history_n livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v how_o lenus_fw-la the_o consul_n draw_v up_o his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n against_o the_o gaul_n and_o then_o be_v the_o roman_a discipline_n strict_o observe_v so_o be_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n when_o marcellus_n fight_v at_o canusium_n with_o hannibal_n liv._o lib._n 27._o and_o in_o his_o 37_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o scipio_n asiaâ—icus_n in_o the_o battle_n he_o fight_v with_o antiochus_n order_v his_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n the_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o triarii_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o weary_a my_o reader_n with_o instance_n i_o believe_v and_o upon_o good_a ground_n that_o in_o all_o livy_n decade_n that_o be_v extant_a vegetius_n nor_o any_o for_o he_o shall_v not_o read_v that_o the_o hastati_fw-la be_v place_v behind_o the_o principes_fw-la except_o once_o that_o it_o be_v write_v i_o suppose_v not_o by_o himself_o in_o his_o thirty_o book_n that_o scipiâ—_n in_o his_o battle_n against_o sip_n 〈…〉_o asarubal_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la before_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o lipsius_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o this_o place_n be_v falsify_v since_o polybius_n out_o of_o who_o it_o be_v like_o livy_n have_v the_o story_n write_v the_o very_a contrary_n that_o be_v that_o scipio_n marshal_v the_o principes_fw-la behind_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o if_o this_o place_n be_v not_o corrupt_v than_o livius_n shall_v contradict_v himself_o for_o in_o his_o eight_o book_n he_o say_v once_o for_o all_o hastati_fw-la omnium_fw-la primi_fw-la pugnam_fw-la inibant_fw-la the_o javelineer_n say_v he_o first_o of_o all_o begin_v the_o battle_n and_o sure_o the_o same_o scipio_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o zama_n against_o hannibal_n place_v the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n by_o a_o good_a token_n for_o they_o be_v so_o mix_v with_o the_o enemy_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o found_v a_o retreat_n for_o they_o that_o he_o may_v have_v ground_n to_o bring_v his_o principes_fw-la up_z to_o the_o medley_n which_o the_o same_o livy_n report_v to_o we_o in_o the_o five_o place_n polybius_n complain_v that_o vegetius_n have_v murder_v five_o of_o his_o error_n five_o error_n centurion_n for_o he_o in_o his_o six_o book_n appoint_v sixty_o for_o every_o legion_n whereof_o vegetius_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n produce_v but_o five_o and_o fifty_o yet_o he_o need_v not_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o juridical_a trial_n for_o this_o assassination_n true_o it_o seem_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o polybius_n his_o legion_n consist_v but_o of_o 3000_o heavy_a arm_v shall_v have_v sixty_o centurion_n and_o that_o of_o vegetius_n which_o be_v a_o hundred_o more_o than_o twice_o as_o strong_a shall_v have_v but_o 55_o for_o all_o his_o 6100_o be_v heavy_a arm_v as_o he_o describe_v they_o in_o that_o same_o chapter_n i_o can_v fancy_v no_o reason_n for_o this_o but_o that_o it_o be_v his_o fancy_n to_o write_v so_o i_o confess_v indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n by_o romulus_n that_o band_n of_o man_n which_o be_v call_v a_o century_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o man_n and_o so_o the_o centurion_n be_v no_o more_o but_o thirty_o and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n in_o a_o legion_n of_o that_o same_o strength_n may_v be_v sixty_o for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantery_n though_o the_o particular_a band_n of_o a_o legion_n come_v to_o consist_v but_o of_o sixty_o man_n and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n perhaps_o but_o of_o
polybius_n be_v what_o polybius_n be_v be_v a_o soldier_n in_o greece_n and_o as_o himself_o witness_v in_o his_o eleven_o book_n be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o achaean_n army_n under_o philopamon_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o mantinaea_n against_o machanidas_n the_o tyrant_n of_o lacedaemâ—n_n who_o be_v there_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v he_o be_v long_o after_o that_o a_o great_a favourite_n yea_o a_o counsellor_n of_o that_o scipio_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v africanus_n minor_n and_o sometime_o numantinus_n because_o he_o end_v the_o carthaginian_a and_o numantine_a war_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o city_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n why_o scipio_n shall_v be_v kind_a to_o polybius_n because_o his_o natural_a father_n lucius_n aemilius_n for_o this_o scipio_n be_v but_o the_o adopt_a grandchild_n of_o the_o great_a africanus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o carry_v many_o hundred_o achaean_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n for_o no_o reason_n but_o suspicion_n among_o who_o polybius_n 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three_o batallion_n oblige_v to_o kneel_v on_o their_o right_a knee_n till_o either_o the_o other_o two_o class_n retire_v to_o they_o or_o that_o the_o general_n command_v they_o to_o rise_v and_o advance_v these_o he_o say_v be_v never_o more_o than_o six_o hundred_o though_o the_o legion_n chance_v to_o be_v four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o as_o many_o time_n it_o do_v and_o for_o this_o we_o must_v take_v his_o word_n before_o the_o triarii_n stand_v the_o principes_fw-la man_n in_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o age_n and_o before_o they_o the_o hastati_fw-la in_o the_o van_n they_o be_v the_o young_a and_o raw_a of_o all_o the_o heavy_a arm_v each_o of_o these_o two_o batallion_n consist_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o and_o all_o the_o three_o be_v alike_o arm_v except_o that_o the_o triarii_n instead_o of_o pila_fw-la carry_v short_a spear_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o already_o so_o you_o see_v all_o polybius_n legion_n the_o polybâ—â—â—_n legion_n his_o heavy_a arm_a amount_v to_o three_o thousand_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v twelve_o hundred_o be_v say_v he_o velites_n and_o these_o he_o say_v be_v levy_v of_o the_o poor_a and_o most_o inconsiderable_a sort_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o divide_v these_o twelve_o hundred_o velite_n into_o three_o squadron_n one_o whereof_o shall_v stand_v behind_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o infantry_n and_o yet_o terduzzi_n and_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr preissack_n will_v father_n this_o upon_o polybius_n but_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n he_o leave_v the_o light_a arm_a to_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o the_o flank_n van_n or_o rear_n as_o the_o general_n conceive_v they_o may_v be_v most_o useful_a he_o appoint_v his_o legion_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o maniple_n suppose_v still_o the_o heavy_a arm_a each_o maniple_n to_o consist_v of_o two_o centuriates_n to_o every_o century_n he_o allow_v a_o ensign_n and_o a_o centurion_n who_o he_o permit_v to_o choose_v his_o sub-centurion_n of_o all_o which_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v the_o number_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o velite_n may_v alter_v according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o legion_n but_o not_o the_o triarii_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v with_o every_o legion_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o make_v a_o part_n of_o every_o legion_n these_o three_o hundred_o horse_n he_o divide_v into_o ten_o turm_n or_o troop_n and_o officer_n they_o as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o in_o my_o discourse_n of_o the_o cavalry_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v marshal_v where_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a thought_n they_o may_v do_v best_a service_n and_o now_o we_o have_v the_o polybian_a legion_n no_o word_n here_o for_o all_o this_o how_o deep_a that_o be_v how_o many_o in_o file_n either_o of_o horse_n or_o foot_n or_o what_o or_o how_o much_o ground_n be_v allow_v for_o distance_n between_o file_n or_o rank_n or_o yet_o how_o great_a the_o interval_n be_v between_o the_o several_a maniple_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o class_n or_o what_o between_o the_o class_n themselves_o or_o between_o the_o several_a troop_n of_o horse_n a_o great_a oversight_n for_o of_o all_o these_o we_o be_v force_v to_o hear_v other_o man_n conjecture_n and_o make_v use_n of_o our_o own_o as_o we_o shall_v offer_v to_o do_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o distance_n and_o interval_n of_o the_o several_a body_n and_o batallion_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o horse_n before_o we_o proceed_v to_o our_o conjecture_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a first_o to_o know_v what_o this_o word_n interval_n proper_o signify_v and_o how_o it_o be_v take_v in_o both_o ancient_n and_o modern_a fortification_n town_n castle_n and_o camp_n be_v defend_v not_o only_o with_o rampart_n of_o earth_n and_o wall_n of_o stone_n but_o also_o with_o great_a log_n or_o stake_n of_o timber_n which_o we_o call_v palliâ—adoes_n these_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o language_n call_v valli_n and_o i_o suppose_v thereafter_o the_o rampart_n itself_o get_v the_o vallum_n vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n name_n of_o vallus_fw-la and_o vallum_n hence_o perhaps_o our_o wall_n these_o stake_n be_v and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n long_o and_o short_a the_o first_o stand_v straight_o up_o from_o the_o ground_n the_o second_o have_v the_o one_o end_n of_o they_o fix_v in_o the_o rampart_n and_o the_o other_o lie_v on_o it_o to_o hinder_v a_o approach_n to_o it_o distinguish_v by_o the_o german_n by_o several_a name_n for_o they_o call_v the_o long_a stake_n palliâ—adoes_n and_o the_o short_a one_o stoccado_n both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o sharp-pointed_a at_o both_o end_n the_o ground_n earth_n or_o part_n of_o the_o rampart_n between_o two_o pallisadoe_n or_o stoccado_n be_v proper_o call_v a_o interval_n but_o it_o be_v borrow_a and_o appropriate_v to_o what_o interval_n what_o any_o distance_n between_o body_n great_a and_o small_a yea_o to_o the_o space_n that_o be_v between_o one_o time_n and_o another_o a_o interval_n of_o time_n be_v now_o language_n proper_a enough_o and_o physician_n borrow_v it_o and_o call_v a_o intermit_a ague_n febris_n intervallata_n a_o intervalled_a favour_n what_o distance_n or_o interval_n there_o be_v between_o roman_a rank_n and_o between_o tell_v deepness_n of_o the_o file_n not_o tell_v file_n between_o several_a body_n of_o either_o their_o horse_n or_o foot_n no_o ancient_a author_n have_v clear_v to_o we_o but_o leave_v we_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o guess_v at_o they_o till_o we_o condescend_v how_o many_o in_o file_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v marshal_v i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o vegetius_n in_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n vegetius_n by_o vegetius_n of_o his_o second_o book_n seem_v to_o make_v the_o foot_n eleven_o deep_a because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o he_o order_v a_o contubernium_fw-la of_o soldier_n to_o manage_v a_o carrobalist_n and_o that_o he_o say_v consist_v of_o eleven_o man_n but_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o vegetius_n his_o file_n be_v precise_o eleven_o no_o more_o than_o what_o he_o say_v in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n draw_v up_o in_o six_o rank_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n in_o front_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o roman_a foot_n be_v draw_v up_o six_o deep_a and_o so_o for_o vegetius_n we_o know_v not_o the_o deepness_n of_o either_o the_o roman_a foot_n or_o horse_n nor_o will_v we_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o wise_a for_o polybius_n for_o the_o discourse_n he_o have_v in_o his_o twelve_o book_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o horse_n polybius_n nor_o by_o polybius_n eight_o in_o file_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o roman_a militia_n for_o
he_o speak_v there_o of_o macedonian_a and_o persian_a warrior_n and_o be_v confute_v calisthenes_n his_o history_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o issus_n between_o alexander_n and_o daâ—ius_n as_o i_o note_v before_o achilles_n terduzzi_n imagine_v the_o roman_a foot_n to_o have_v be_v twelve_o in_o file_n but_o that_o be_v to_o make_v good_a his_o conjecture_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n a_o consular_a army_n take_v up_o whereof_o i_o may_v chance_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o common_a opinion_n carry_v i_o along_o with_o it_o that_o both_o the_o roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n ordinary_o be_v deep_a roman_a horse_n and_o foot_n teâ—_n deep_a marshal_v ten_o in_o file_n but_o upon_o emergency_n general_n may_v alter_v it_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o strong_a reason_n for_o it_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o weak_a which_o be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o horse_n be_v call_v decurio_fw-la and_o he_o of_o the_o file_n of_o foot_n decâ—nus_n for_o this_o last_o be_v appropriate_v to_o other_o office_n and_o the_o first_o by_o aelian_n translator_n be_v give_v to_o the_o leader_n of_o a_o macedonian_a file_n which_o consist_v of_o sixteen_o but_o this_o supposition_n as_o probable_a we_o must_v make_v the_o basis_n or_o ground_n on_o which_o to_o build_v our_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o interval_n of_o several_a body_n and_o class_n in_o which_o both_o our_o author_n give_v we_o small_a assistance_n yet_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o all_o i_o can_v pick_v out_o of_o they_o or_o other_o on_o that_o subject_a when_o polybius_n in_o his_o twelve_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o for_o most_o part_n horseman_n be_v range_v eight_o depth_n meaning_n i_o think_v the_o persian_a horse_n he_o subjoin_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o interval_n between_o several_a troop_n but_o what_o that_o interval_n be_v he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v pity_n he_o who_o know_v thing_n so_o well_o shall_v needless_o have_v keep_v they_o up_o from_o we_o as_o secret_n the_o reason_n he_o give_v for_o a_o interval_n between_o two_o troop_n do_v not_o weigh_v much_o because_o say_v he_o they_o troop_n interval_n between_o troop_n must_v have_v ground_n for_o conversion_n that_o be_v to_o face_n to_o either_o right_a or_o left_a hand_n or_o by_o any_o of_o they_o to_o the_o rear_n if_o any_o of_o these_o be_v needful_a whole_a squadron_n of_o four_o six_o or_o eight_o troop_n join_v together_o may_v do_v it_o as_o easy_o and_o convenient_o as_o single_a troop_n which_o consist_v of_o three_o or_o four_o file_n at_o most_o but_o conversion_n on_o that_o same_o ground_n be_v seldom_o necessary_a never_o convenient_a but_o be_v leave_v to_o guess_v how_o many_o foot_n of_o interval_n troop_n ten_o deep_a conjecture_v conjecture_v require_v one_o from_o another_o i_o conjecture_v eight_o foot_n which_o i_o ground_n on_o that_o the_o same_o polybius_n say_v in_o that_o same_o twelve_o book_n which_o be_v that_o a_o stadium_n or_o furlong_n contain_v eight_o hundred_o horse_n draw_v up_o in_o battle_n then_o i_o say_v first_o a_o stadium_n be_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o italian_a mile_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o pace_n six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n second_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n be_v at_o our_o author_n rate_n eight_o in_o file_n be_v one_o hundred_o in_o front_n three_o for_o every_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o room_n to_o handle_v his_o arm_n i_o allow_v with_o other_o four_o foot_n of_o ground_n and_o so_o for_o one_o hundred_o horse_n four_o hundred_o foot_n four_o according_a to_o polybius_n and_o i_o suppose_v the_o polybius_n out_o of_o polybius_n roman_a rule_n the_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a troop_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o but_o thirty_o rider_n so_o there_o will_v be_v twenty_o â—â—x_n complete_a troop_n and_o twenty_o horseman_n for_o the_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n five_o twenty_o seven_o troop_n require_v twenty_o six_o interval_n now_o allow_v with_o polybius_n a_o stadium_n for_o eight_o hundred_o horseman_n that_o be_v for_o one_o hundred_o in_o front_n and_o for_o these_o hundred_o allow_v with_o i_o four_o hundred_o foot_n for_o the_o horseman_n to_o stand_v on_o you_o will_v have_v of_o six_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o your_o twenty_o six_o interval_n two_o hundred_o and_o seventeen_o foot_n and_o that_o will_v be_v eight_o foot_n and_o near_o one_o half_a for_o every_o interval_n so_o my_o opinion_n be_v if_o i_o understand_v polybius_n right_a that_o the_o interval_n between_o two_o single_a troop_n be_v about_o eight_o foot_n but_o let_v we_o fancy_v the_o roman_a horse_n to_o have_v be_v ten_o in_o file_n and_o so_o every_o troop_n only_o three_o in_o front_n for_o so_o i_o probable_o think_v they_o be_v and_o let_v uâ—_n remember_v that_o in_o every_o consular_a army_n there_o be_v twenty_o roman_a troop_n and_o forty_o of_o the_o ally_n in_o all_o sixty_o fancy_n those_o sixty_o troop_n draw_v up_o in_o one_o field_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n as_o several_a time_n all_o the_o cavalry_n be_v marshal_v on_o one_o wing_n they_o must_v have_v fifty_o nine_o interval_n next_o remember_v that_o sixty_o troop_n at_o thirty_o in_o a_o troop_n be_v compose_v of_o eighteen_o hundred_o interval_n too_o many_o interval_n rider_n these_o draw_v up_o ten_o in_o file_n make_v one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o leadder_n allow_v to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o four_o foot_n that_o will_v amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o foot_n then_o for_o fifty_o nine_o interval_n which_o according_a to_o polybius_n sixty_o troop_n must_v have_v you_o be_v to_o allow_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n at_o eight_o foot_n for_o each_o interval_n i_o suppose_v still_o that_o which_o i_o can_v scarce_o believe_v of_o so_o many_o interval_n but_o add_v four_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o foot_n to_o seven_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o the_o aggregate_v will_v be_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o foot_n how_o these_o sixty_o troop_n marshal_v so_o thin_a so_o few_o in_o front_n with_o so_o many_o interval_n can_v stand_v out_o the_o brisk_a and_o furious_a charge_n of_o a_o numerous_a and_o courageous_a enemy_n be_v beyond_o my_o fancy_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v interline_v with_o wellarmed_n foot_n as_o to_o the_o distance_n between_o body_n of_o foot_n polybius_n in_o the_o twelâ—th_o book_n polybius_n overâ—ight_n in_o polybius_n so_o often_o cite_v allow_v express_o six_o foot_n between_o file_n but_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n confute_v the_o impertinent_a relation_n of_o calisthenes_n but_o he_o speak_v not_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o oâ—_n distance_n between_o roman_a file_n and_o yet_o here_o be_v a_o inadvertency_n in_o that_o great_a man_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v another_o immediate_o in_o vegetius_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n polybius_n allow_v six_o thousand_o foot_n of_o ground_n for_o the_o front_n or_o longitude_n of_o sixteen_o thousand_o man_n sixteen_o deep_a and_o so_o we_o have_v one_o thousand_o file_n between_o every_o one_o of_o the_o file_n he_o allowâ—_n six_o foot_n of_o distance_n so_o the_o distance_n do_v complete_o take_v up_o his_o six_o thousand_o foot_n and_o so_o no_o ground_n be_v allow_v to_o stand_v on_o to_o which_o if_o he_o have_v advert_v he_o will_v have_v allow_v one_o foot_n to_o each_o man_n whereon_o to_o stand_v and_o consequent_o seven_o thousand_o foot_n for_o one_o thousand_o file_n in_o front_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o question_v the_o six_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n be_v i_o have_v tell_v you_o in_o the_o grecian_a militia_n that_o much_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o pike-man_n between_o rank_n on_o their_o march_n though_o not_o between_o file_n and_o that_o in_o stand_v in_o battle_n they_o use_v densatio_n three_o foot_n of_o distance_n and_o in_o fight_n constipate_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a vegetius_n be_v more_o inexcusable_a than_o polybius_n for_o he_o allow_v for_o the_o rank_n one_o foot_n vegetius_n two_o in_o vegetius_n of_o ground_n to_o stand_v on_o in_o these_o word_n singuli_fw-la bellatâ—res_fw-la stantes_fw-la singulos_fw-la obtinent_fw-la pedes_fw-la every_o combatant_n say_v he_o take_v up_o one_o foot_n of_o ground_n but_o that_o he_o allow_v none_o for_o they_o to_o stand_v on_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o file_n i_o prove_v thus_o in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o allow_v three_o foot_n of_o distance_n between_o file_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n say_v that_o ten_o thousand_o man_n marshal_v file_n the_o first_o in_o distance_n of_o file_n six_o deep_a make_v a_o front_n of_o sixteen_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o and_o so_o it_o do_v with_o a_o fraction_n only_o of_o four_o hitherto_o he_o be_v very_o right_a but_o conclude_v very_o
velite_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o heavy_a arm_v but_o only_o either_o to_o advance_v to_o the_o van_n or_o retire_v to_o the_o rear_n through_o they_o and_o he_o know_v too_o that_o the_o interval_n between_o maniple_n be_v principal_o for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o first_o class_n to_o fall_v in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o second_o class_n and_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o three_o batallion_n for_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o other_o two_o to_o full_a back_n to_o they_o and_o therefore_o to_o allow_v but_o ten_o foot_n for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o interval_n be_v a_o inexcusable_a error_n in_o he_o and_o a_o conjecture_n which_o have_v no_o coherence_n with_o sense_n nor_o can_v ever_o be_v justify_v by_o reason_n that_o general_n never_o breathe_v that_o can_v draw_v up_o a_o band_n of_o man_n consist_v of_o twelve_o file_n in_o ten_o foot_n of_o ground_n now_o every_o maniple_n of_o the_o pâ—â—â—cipes_n and_o hastati_fw-la according_a to_o polybius_n who_o lipsius_n follow_v consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o man_n and_o these_o be_v ten_o deep_a constitute_v twelve_o file_n these_o have_v eleven_o interval_n every_o one_o of_o which_o being_n three_o foot_n make_v thirty_o three_o foot_n add_v twelve_o to_o that_o for_o the_o twelve_o file_n to_o stand_v on_o the_o aggregate_v maniples_n true_a interval_n between_o maniples_n be_v forty_o five_o foot_n and_o if_o you_o allow_v but_o two_o foot_n for_o every_o interval_n between_o file_n the_o interval_n between_o two_o maniple_n must_v be_v thirty_o four_o foot_n for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a you_o can_v allow_v less_o ground_n for_o a_o interval_n than_o that_o which_o a_o body_n possess_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o stand_v in_o that_o interval_n hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v obvious_a to_o common_a sense_n that_o all_o the_o interval_n between_o the_o maniple_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la be_v of_o forty_o five_o foot_n or_o thirty_o four_o at_o least_o and_o those_o of_o the_o triarii_n of_o ninety_o foot_n or_o sixty_o eight_o at_o least_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o maniple_n of_o both_o the_o hastati_fw-la and_o principes_fw-la in_o the_o clear_n this_o point_n of_o distance_n i_o have_v be_v perhaps_o too_o prolix_a and_o have_v use_v repetition_n which_o i_o condemn_v in_o other_o but_o be_v it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o general_a notion_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n how_o it_o be_v marshal_v or_o of_o any_o other_o army_n unless_o you_o know_v the_o interval_n i_o have_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o spend_v a_o little_a paper_n on_o that_o subject_a and_o indeed_o we_o be_v leave_v as_o in_o many_o other_o point_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v so_o in_o this_o to_o grope_v in_o the_o dark_a nor_o have_v i_o be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n for_o his_o extravagant_a conjecture_n of_o roman_a interval_n but_o i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o accept_v and_o desire_v other_o to_o do_v so_o too_o of_o his_o own_o excuse_n which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o commentary_n hâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d as_o i_o as_o â—â—_o rerâ—â—â—â—_n veterâ—â—â—_n quas_fw-la excuse_v lipsius_n excuse_v revera_fw-la per_fw-la leves_fw-la conjecturas_fw-la &_o fallacia_fw-la vestigia_fw-la 〈◊〉_d ah_o say_v he_o my_o darkness_n or_o that_o of_o ancient_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o must_v hunt_v after_o with_o uncertain_a conjecture_n and_o through_o fallacious_a footstep_n chap._n xv._o of_o the_o roman_a ally_n and_o auxiliary_n and_o the_o mistake_v of_o some_o author_n concern_v they_o you_o may_v read_v very_o frequent_o in_o roman_a story_n of_o socii_fw-la ally_n and_o confederate_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o covenant_n and_o stipulation_n to_o send_v out_o such_o a_o assistance_n of_o man_n for_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o senate_n or_o the_o consul_n require_v till_o a_o little_a before_o julius_n caesar_n time_n after_o that_o you_o shall_v read_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o than_o they_o be_v all_o make_v citizen_n of_o rome_n and_o reckon_v to_o be_v of_o one_o incorporation_n the_o difference_n between_o ally_n and_o auxiliary_n be_v the_o first_o can_v only_a be_v italian_n the_o second_o be_v of_o any_o other_o nation_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o ally_n that_o join_v with_o lucullâ—â—_n sylla_n pompâ—y_n caesar_n anthony_n vespasian_n and_o his_o son_n titus_n yet_o we_o find_v their_o army_n mighty_o strengthen_v by_o auxiliary_n but_o indeed_o the_o roman_n do_v but_o fool_n some_o of_o the_o italian_a town_n and_o republic_n with_o the_o goodly_a show_n of_o alliance_n and_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o socii_fw-la whereas_o true_o they_o use_v they_o no_o better_a than_o vassal_n oblige_v use_v roman_n ally_n ill_o use_v they_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o pursuance_n of_o their_o ambitious_a design_n with_o as_o many_o force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n as_o the_o senate_n please_v to_o impose_v on_o they_o and_o to_o serve_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n except_o a_o little_a proviant_a which_o with_o the_o help_n of_o these_o same_o ally_n they_o take_v from_o a_o enemy_n hence_o come_v these_o many_o grievance_n of_o the_o confederated_a town_n mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n and_o once_o a_o total_a rapture_n of_o the_o latin_n from_o they_o till_o after_o much_o bloodshed_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n till_o the_o roman_n have_v overmastered_n hannibal_n philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o the_o great_a king_n of_o syria_n antiochus_n we_o shall_v seldom_o read_v of_o any_o of_o their_o army_n that_o be_v not_o pvissant_o assist_v by_o their_o ally_n the_o number_n either_o as_o to_o foot_n or_o horse_n ally_n number_n of_o the_o ally_n of_o which_o that_o assistance_n consist_v may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o several_a time_n of_o their_o conjunction_n but_o that_o they_o be_v determinate_o and_o constant_o stint_v to_o such_o a_o number_n can_v never_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o ancient_a story_n yet_o i_o find_v vegetius_n very_o positive_a in_o it_o and_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o offer_v to_o assure_v vegetius_n mistake_v by_o vegetius_n his_o reader_n that_o neither_o ally_n nor_o auxiliary_n be_v ever_o in_o one_o army_n strong_a than_o the_o roman_n take_v his_o own_o word_n illa_fw-la tamen_fw-la ratio_fw-la servata_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la unquam_fw-la ampliâ—r_fw-la multitudo_fw-la sociorum_fw-la auxiliaxiumve_fw-la â—sset_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la quam_fw-la civium_fw-la romanorum_fw-la that_o care_n say_v he_o be_v take_v that_o no_o great_a number_n of_o ally_n or_o auxiliary_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o camp_n than_o of_o roman_a citizen_n and_o machiavelli_n in_o the_o three_o machiavelli_n mistake_v by_o machiavelli_n book_n of_o his_o art_n of_o war_n say_v that_o every_o consular_a army_n consist_v of_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v eleven_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n which_o make_v also_o eleven_o thousand_o foot_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v a_o word_n to_o both_o of_o they_o together_o and_o then_o several_o to_o each_o of_o they_o both_o of_o they_o have_v read_v livy_n and_o till_o they_o have_v produce_v a_o more_o authentic_a historian_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v give_v he_o the_o lie_n so_o broad_o this_o author_n in_o his_o twenty_o first_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o hannibal_n come_v to_o italy_n cor._n scipio_n and_o sempronius_n levy_v six_o legion_n of_o roman_n each_o of_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o cast_v up_o the_o total_a of_o they_o to_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eighteen_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o ally_n say_v he_o forty_o four_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n this_o want_v but_o four_o thousand_o of_o the_o double_a number_n of_o the_o roman_a foot_n and_o four_o hundred_o more_o than_o double_a the_o number_n of_o the_o roman_a horse_n in_o his_o thirty_o five_o book_n he_o inform_v we_o that_o in_o the_o war_n against_o antiochus_n the_o consul_n quintius_n raise_v two_o legion_n each_o of_o five_o thousand_o foot_n in_o all_o ten_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o horse_n and_o of_o the_o ally_n say_v he_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o eight_o hundred_o horse_n the_o number_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v double_a the_o roman_a infantry_n and_o the_o horse_n exceed_v livius_n prove_v out_o of_o livius_n the_o roman_a by_o two_o hundred_o in_o the_o istrian_a war_n a_o little_a before_o that_o of_o macedon_n livy_n in_o his_o forty_o first_o book_n say_v ten_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v levy_v and_o of_o the_o ally_n twelve_o thousand_o foot_n and_o six_o hundred_o
officer_v marshal_v encamp_v and_o discipline_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n only_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o those_o who_o command_v roman_a legion_n be_v call_v tribune_n but_o those_o who_o command_v the_o legion_n of_o the_o ally_n be_v call_v prafecti_n i_o conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o title_n be_v this_o the_o tribune_n be_v elect_v for_o most_o part_n by_o the_o tribe_n whence_o he_o have_v his_o name_n tribunus_n but_o those_o of_o the_o ally_n roman_n consul_n power_n over_o the_o ally_n ally_n be_v nominate_v by_o the_o roman_a consul_n for_o the_o ally_n have_v no_o power_n to_o appoint_v or_o commissionate_v their_o own_o praefecti_fw-la that_o have_v entrench_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o lordly_a power_n the_o roman_n still_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v bind_v most_o strong_o to_o obey_v that_o consul_n with_o who_o they_o join_v so_o we_o see_v how_o little_a difference_n the_o haughty_a roman_n make_v between_o their_o confederated_a friend_n and_o their_o vassal_n which_o i_o hint_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o point_n the_o consul_n have_v more_o power_n over_o the_o ally_n than_o over_o the_o roman_n themselves_o for_o the_o roman_a people_n for_o most_o part_n choose_v the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o not_o the_o consul_n chap._n xvi_o of_o a_o roman_a consular_a army_n and_o some_o mistake_v concern_v it_o i_o know_v not_o from_o whence_o this_o denomination_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n be_v come_v unless_o it_o be_v that_o polybius_n in_o his_o six_o book_n say_v that_o ordinary_o every_o year_n four_o legion_n be_v levy_v for_o the_o state_n service_n two_o for_o every_o consul_n and_o this_o livy_n do_v witness_v to_o have_v be_v do_v often_o but_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v assert_v that_o a_o consul_n never_o have_v more_o or_o few_o legion_n in_o his_o army_n than_o two_o polybius_n mean_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n consist_v for_o most_o part_n of_o two_o roman_a legion_n six_o hundred_o horse_n with_o two_o legion_n of_o ally_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o horse_n but_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o be_v constant_o so_o for_o than_o he_o have_v contradict_v his_o own_o history_n in_o many_o place_n but_o i_o rather_o conceive_v author_n call_v that_o a_o consular_a army_n which_o have_v in_o it_o the_o above_o specify_v number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o authority_n and_o upon_o the_o word_n of_o vegetius_n who_o describe_v both_o a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n i_o shall_v army_n vegetius_n describe_v a_o praetorian_a and_o a_o consular_a army_n faithful_o english_a his_o word_n thus_o the_o ancient_n say_v he_o have_v by_o exrerience_n learned_a to_o obviate_v difficulty_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v skilful_a than_o numerous_a army_n â—_o therefore_o they_o think_v in_o war_n of_o lesser_a moment_n one_o legion_n with_o the_o auxiliary_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n may_v suffice_v which_o the_o praetor_n as_o lesser_a chieftan_n often_o lead_v in_o expedition_n but_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v report_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o a_o consular_a power_n with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n be_v send_v with_o a_o great_a captain_n but_o if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o the_o fierce_a nation_n do_v rebel_v than_o too_o great_a necessity_n force_v they_o two_o chieftan_n with_o two_o army_n be_v send_v with_o this_o command_n that_o either_o the_o one_o consul_n or_o both_o shall_v look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v receive_v no_o damage_n in_o fine_a say_v he_o since_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v to_o make_v war_n almost_o himself_o and_o contradict_v himself_o every_o year_n in_o several_a country_n against_o divers_a enemy_n they_o think_v these_o force_n may_v suffice_v because_o they_o judge_v it_o be_v not_o so_o profitable_a to_o entertain_v great_a army_n as_o those_o that_o be_v well_o exercise_v and_o train_v in_o arm_n thus_o far_o vegetius_n let_v we_o take_v his_o discourse_n in_o piece_n and_o examine_v it_o according_a to_o his_o own_o writing_n and_o no_o man_n else_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o aver_v there_o shall_v be_v no_o army_n first_o in_o the_o praetorian_a army_n few_o in_o a_o legion_n than_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n in_o this_o place_n he_o say_v a_o praetorian_a army_n wherein_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o another_o of_o ally_n shall_v have_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o horse_n the_o foot_n two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o few_o than_o in_o his_o own_o account_n there_o shall_v be_v in_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n five_o hundred_o forty_o eight_o more_o than_o himself_o allow_v to_o the_o cavalry_n of_o two_o legion_n and_o to_o let_v we_o see_v that_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o proportionable_a way_n in_o contradict_v army_n second_o in_o a_o consular_a army_n himself_o he_o say_v against_o a_o strong_a enemy_n a_o consul_n be_v send_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n and_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n two_o legion_n of_o roman_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o ally_n now_o i_o beseech_v you_o hear_v he_o speak_v for_o himself_o and_o first_o in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o say_v that_o the_o legion_n must_v consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o foot_n and_o seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n second_o in_o this_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n he_o make_v four_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_a and_o ally_n foot_n to_o be_v but_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n shall_v have_v be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o for_o his_o word_n former_o be_v that_o no_o legion_n shall_v be_v under_o six_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o those_o heavy_a arm_v too_o and_o whereas_o by_o his_o own_o appointment_n in_o the_o six_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n every_o legion_n shall_v have_v have_v seven_o hundred_o twenty_o six_o horse_n more_o than_o any_o other_o author_n allow_v in_o this_o chapter_n he_o increase_v their_o number_n to_o one_o thousand_o for_o he_o order_v the_o horse_n of_o four_o legion_n to_o be_v full_a four_o thousand_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n four_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o below_o and_o the_o horse_n one_o thousand_o ninety_o six_o above_o his_o own_o allowance_n you_o see_v how_o vegetius_n clash_v with_o vegetius_n it_o be_v not_o i_o that_o quarrel_n with_o he_o in_o the_o second_o place_n he_o say_v if_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o fierce_a nation_n rebel_v rebel_v against_o who_o certain_o he_o mean_v against_o the_o roman_n but_o how_o can_v they_o rebel_v before_o they_o profess_v to_o be_v subject_a assure_o these_o fierce_a nation_n he_o speak_v of_o swear_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o homage_n to_o romulus_n nor_o rome_n when_o inadvertency_n his_o inadvertency_n he_o first_o found_v it_o if_o they_o defend_v themselves_o so_o long_o as_o they_o can_v from_o the_o dominion_n of_o stranger_n they_o do_v what_o nature_n command_v they_o and_o be_v no_o rebel_n he_o will_v find_v spain_n itself_o after_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n never_o reduce_v to_o a_o province_n till_o augustus_n time_n you_o see_v what_o word_n his_o inadvertency_n prompt_v he_o to_o utter_v in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o great_a rebellion_n he_o say_v two_o consul_n with_o the_o army_n be_v join_v together_o with_o a_o command_n to_o look_v to_o it_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n suffer_v no_o damage_n but_o this_o command_n be_v give_v many_o time_n when_o two_o consul_n do_v not_o nor_o need_v not_o bring_v their_o force_n together_o three_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o aver_v that_o in_o the_o great_a war_n which_o the_o roman_a state_n manage_v their_o great_a army_n consist_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o four_o thousand_o horse_n twenty_o four_o thousand_o in_o all_o and_o that_o two_o of_o those_o army_n join_v together_o make_v of_o both_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o combatant_n do_v suffice_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n true_o vegetius_n if_o hannibal_n have_v be_v alive_a story_n his_o contradiction_n of_o roman_a story_n when_o you_o write_v this_o he_o can_v have_v inform_v you_o that_o he_o force_v your_o master_n the_o roman_n to_o join_v two_o such_o army_n and_o more_o before_o ever_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o those_o fierce_a nation_n you_o speak_v of_o except_o a_o few_o spaniard_n and_o the_o cisalpine_a or_o italian_a gaul_n unless_o you_o take_v the_o sicilian_n and_o carthaginian_n to_o be_v those_o fierce_a nation_n with_o the_o
first_o whereof_o they_o quarrel_v and_o invade_v they_o and_o with_o the_o second_o break_v peace_n without_o either_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o sense_n of_o honour_n but_o tell_v i_o have_v the_o two_o consul_n at_o cannae_n no_o more_o but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n and_o ally_n read_v polybius_n his_o four_o book_n you_o will_v see_v they_o have_v eight_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o ally_n at_o five_o thousand_o foot_n each_o legion_n and_o three_o hundred_o horse_n and_o these_o extend_v to_o eighty_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o horse_n reckon_v the_o ally_n cavalry_n double_a that_o of_o the_o roman_n read_v livy_n twenty_o second_o book_n you_o will_v see_v hannibal_n kill_v at_o that_o same_o battle_n forty_o five_o thousand_o roman_a foot_n and_o two_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o ally_n and_o the_o same_o historian_n will_v tell_v you_o in_o plain_a language_n that_o the_o roman_a army_n at_o that_o place_n consist_v of_o fourscore_o and_o seven_o thousand_o fight_a man_n and_o before_o hannibal_n enter_v italy_n have_v the_o roman_n no_o strong_a army_n against_o the_o gaul_n than_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o man_n yes_o both_o polybius_n and_o livy_n will_v tell_v you_o of_o far_o great_a number_n read_v in_o other_o history_n whether_o marius_n have_v but_o forty_o eight_o thousand_o roman_n against_o the_o fierce_a nation_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o the_o teutones_n how_o vain_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v then_o for_o a_o author_n of_o vegetius_n his_o reputation_n to_o aver_v that_o against_o the_o mighty_a enemy_n two_o consular_a army_n each_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o current_n of_o history_n four_o he_o lay_v it_o down_o for_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n that_o one_o consul_n vegetius_n a_o bold_a assertion_n of_o vegetius_n have_v never_o more_o than_o two_o legion_n of_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o ally_n against_o the_o most_o powerful_a enemy_n be_v please_v to_o hear_v his_o own_o word_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n in_o omnibus_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la invenitur_fw-la singulos_fw-la consules_a adversus_fw-la host_n copiâ—sissimos_fw-la non_fw-la amplius_fw-la quam_fw-la binas_fw-la duxisse_fw-la legiones_fw-la additis_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la seciorum_fw-la in_o all_o author_n say_v he_o it_o be_v find_v that_o every_o consul_n never_o lead_v more_o against_o the_o most_o numerous_a enemy_n than_o two_o legion_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o ally_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v say_v he_o have_v write_v so_o manifest_a a_o untruth_n without_o a_o reason_n he_o add_v tanta_fw-la in_o illis_fw-la erat_fw-la exercitatio_fw-la tanta_fw-la fiducia_fw-la ut_fw-la cuivis_fw-la bello_fw-la dua_fw-la legiones_fw-la crederentur_fw-la sufficere_fw-la they_o be_v so_o well_o train_v and_o have_v so_o great_a confidence_n that_o two_o legion_n be_v think_v to_o be_v 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that_o they_o carry_v it_o about_o with_o they_o by_o turn_n the_o first_o very_o improbable_a and_o the_o second_o exceed_o ridiculous_a he_o may_v have_v learn_v of_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o late_a castrametator_n too_o to_o have_v send_v they_o for_o such_o a_o errand_n a_o pretty_a way_n without_o the_o camp_n the_o same_o lipsius_n and_o to_o second_v he_o terduzzi_n be_v very_o prolix_a in_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o regularity_n form_n conveniency_n and_o order_n of_o this_o camp_n of_o which_o a_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v no_o more_o than_o what_o agree_v with_o his_o own_o reason_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o first_o of_o they_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v in_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o because_o he_o foresee_v that_o it_o camp_n woman_n in_o roman_a camp_n may_v be_v object_v that_o scipio_n the_o numantine_a in_o his_o reformation_n of_o military_a discipline_n discharge_v the_o camp_n of_o all_o whore_n from_o whence_o 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patuissent_fw-la castra_fw-la puellis_fw-la since_o nature_n law_n must_v be_v obey_v or_o man_n will_v go_v astray_o why_o do_v you_o woman_n than_o command_v out_o of_o your_o camp_n to_o stay_v and_o if_o this_o be_v lipsius_n his_o meaning_n than_o i_o be_o sure_a the_o ancient_a roman_n who_o glory_v so_o much_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o moral_a virtue_n owe_v he_o the_o lie_n i_o suppose_v he_o forget_v here_o what_o a_o little_a before_o he_o have_v tell_v we_o in_o that_o same_o book_n out_o of_o tacitus_n that_o a_o lascivious_a woman_n be_v find_v in_o carnal_a act_n with_o a_o soldier_n in_o the_o principal_a street_n which_o be_v account_v holy_a because_o their_o altar_n be_v erect_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o historian_n complain_v that_o a_o woman_n be_v in_o the_o camp_n or_o
and_o castrametation_n do_v more_o resemble_v our_o form_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n than_o the_o roman_a for_o we_o find_v the_o ark_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o conductor_n and_o great_a general_n of_o that_o army_n lodge_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a camp_n about_o it_o the_o levite_n who_o be_v honour_v to_o be_v its_o guard_n and_o without_o they_o and_o about_o they_o the_o other_o tribe_n as_o they_o be_v marshal_v by_o moses_n the_o man_n of_o god_n and_o as_o they_o be_v encamp_v so_o we_o read_v they_o march_v first_o the_o ensign_n of_o judah_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n next_o the_o ensign_n of_o reuben_n and_o under_o it_o three_o tribe_n after_o they_o march_v the_o levite_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o army_n and_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o they_o the_o ark_n after_o they_o come_v the_o ensign_n of_o ephraim_n under_o which_o be_v three_o tribe_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n march_v the_o ensign_n 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once_o for_o we_o read_v not_o of_o any_o vigilia_fw-la in_o the_o day_n time_n from_o hence_o we_o have_v in_o all_o ancient_a story_n the_o action_n of_o the_o night_n season_n describe_v by_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o first_o second_o three_o or_o four_o vigil_n and_o so_o the_o knight_n of_o old_a and_o some_o yet_o knighthood_n be_v a_o military_a order_n be_v to_o keep_v their_o vigil_n on_o the_o eve_n before_o they_o receive_v that_o order_n static_a be_v a_o word_n that_o come_v what_o stationâ—â—_n what_o a_o stando_fw-la from_o stand_v and_o be_v as_o i_o say_v take_v for_o a_o post_n yet_o the_o denomination_n be_v not_o from_o the_o place_n where_o but_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o watch_v and_o the_o posture_n be_v say_v to_o be_v stand_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o all_o the_o roman_a guard_n stand_v only_o the_o sentinel_n for_o the_o other_o three_o that_o be_v on_o a_o post_n lay_v down_o and_o sleep_v whether_o their_o 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they_o never_o so_o mechanic_n and_o low_a yea_o to_o all_o magistrate_n and_o office-bearer_n how_o high_a soever_o even_o to_o he_o who_o be_v vest_v with_o the_o sovereign_n and_o supreme_a power_n so_o that_o every_o man_n in_o his_o station_n be_v a_o word_n now_o proper_a enough_o the_o ancient_n keep_v guard_n both_o without_o and_o within_o their_o camp_n within_o camp_n roman_n guard_n within_o the_o camp_n the_o roman_n order_v a_o maniple_n to_o watch_v at_o the_o praetorium_n or_o consul_n quarter_n day_n and_o night_n three_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n watch_v at_o the_o treasury_n two_o at_o the_o legate_n quarter_n and_o two_o for_o every_o tribune_n and_o one_o be_v appoint_v to_o look_v to_o the_o quarter_n of_o every_o maniple_n all_o these_o be_v of_o the_o principes_fw-la and_o hastati_fw-la for_o the_o triarii_n keep_v guard_n at_o the_o horse-quarter_n every_o hundred_o foot_n of_o the_o rampart_n have_v a_o quaternion_n of_o soldier_n to_o guard_v it_o the_o 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that_o thereby_o the_o roman_a army_n may_v recover_v the_o honour_n time_n instance_n for_o it_o of_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o field_n well_o near_o lose_v and_o so_o they_o be_v brave_o mount_v ride_v among_o the_o thick_a of_o their_o enemy_n where_o valiant_o fight_v both_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v which_o make_v victory_n present_o turn_v over_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o we_o must_v not_o believe_v with_o livius_n that_o the_o consul_n bequeath_v themselves_o so_o hearty_o to_o the_o devil_n be_v so_o acceptable_a a_o sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n or_o so_o supererogatory_n as_o to_o move_v the_o god_n to_o reward_v it_o with_o success_n to_o their_o party_n no_o it_o be_v that_o excess_n of_o valour_n which_o they_o show_v in_o the_o action_n that_o encourage_v the_o fly_a roman_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o follow_v their_o general_n in_o that_o desperate_a charge_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o death_n of_o their_o consul_n exasperate_v they_o and_o put_v a_o edge_n on_o 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than_o by_o free_o hazard_v it_o now_o as_o our_o general_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v proof_n of_o his_o courage_n so_o in_o time_n of_o action_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o a_o excellent_a temper_n for_o if_o at_o that_o time_n he_o be_v transport_v with_o vanity_n presumption_n credulity_n or_o other_o perturbation_n of_o soul_n he_o may_v either_o hazard_v too_o much_o or_o not_o hazard_v at_o all_o for_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o passion_n may_v move_v he_o to_o give_v those_o order_n and_o command_n which_o may_v easy_o make_v he_o lose_v the_o day_n and_o with_o it_o the_o service_n of_o his_o master_n and_o his_o own_o reputation_n for_o ever_o chap._n xv._o of_o intelligence_n spies_n and_o a_o general_n scoutmaster_n a_o man_n can_v scarce_o speak_v of_o a_o careful_a general_n but_o you_o will_v hear_v he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v always_o good_a intelligence_n but_o i_o can_v tell_v he_o that_o no_o general_n ever_o live_v that_o have_v always_o good_a intelligence_n nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o possible_a but_o certain_o commander_n to_o look_v for_o intelligence_n the_o duty_n of_o all_o commander_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o commander_n especial_o those_o who_o lead_v army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o get_v intelligence_n of_o their_o enemy_n design_n counsel_n project_n motion_n and_o march_n their_o number_n their_o strength_n their_o artillery_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o soldier_n whether_o young_a and_o raw_a or_o old_a and_o experience_a but_o more_o especial_o of_o the_o qualification_n virtue_n and_o vice_n of_o he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a and_o if_o a_o siege_n of_o a_o town_n or_o a_o castle_n be_v to_o be_v form_v to_o know_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n its_o manner_n of_o fortification_n bulwark_n parapet_n ditch_n and_o outer_a work_n what_o man_n be_v within_o it_o what_o provision_n what_o munition_n of_o war_n and_o what_o artillery_n and_o what_o officer_n particular_o what_o a_o person_n the_o governor_n be_v how_o the_o post_n be_v divide_v and_o what_o number_n of_o man_n be_v assign_v for_o keep_v every_o one_o of_o they_o and_o many_o more_o particular_n that_o according_o the_o general_n may_v know_v how_o to_o â—ake_v his_o measure_n whether_o he_o shall_v present_o storm_v it_o or_o block_n it_o till_o he_o starve_v the_o gaâ—â—ison_n out_o of_o it_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v make_v his_o approach_n and_o battery_n against_o it_o almost_o every_o soldier_n can_v tell_v you_o that_o in_o all_o army_n intelligence_n be_v the_o life_n of_o action_n but_o how_o to_o get_v good_a intelligence_n to_o which_o a_o general_n or_o any_o commander_n may_v trust_v be_v a_o art_n yet_o to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o i_o say_v more_o it_o will_v never_o be_v find_v so_o long_o as_o that_o remain_v true_a and_o it_o will_v remain_v true_a till_o the_o heaven_n difficult_a to_o get_v true_a intelligence_n very_o difficult_a be_v roll_v up_o like_o a_o scroll_n which_o truth_n itself_o have_v say_v and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o all_o man_n be_v liar_n and_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v so_o what_o intelligence_n shall_v man_n believe_v we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v it_o from_o angel_n and_o the_o devil_n be_v a_o liar_n from_o the_o beginning_n instance_a instance_a to_o confirm_v this_o by_o one_o instance_n which_o be_v unquestionable_a what_o intelligence_n dare_v the_o leader_n of_o god_n people_n trust_n when_o ten_o of_o these_o twelve_o intelligencer_n which_o by_o god_n appointment_n be_v send_v to_o spy_v the_o land_n of_o promise_n do_v by_o their_o fearful_a and_o false_a relation_n make_v the_o people_n murmur_n this_o truth_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o all_o intelligence_n in_o military_a affair_n which_o i_o assert_v will_v best_o appear_v if_o we_o examine_v all_o the_o kind_n of_o intelligence_n that_o can_v be_v have_v and_o these_o i_o suppose_v can_v be_v no_o more_o but_o two_o public_a and_o private_a intelligence_n every_o one_o of_o these_o will_v admit_v of_o 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of_o the_o governor_n he_o shall_v have_v good_a intelligence_n he_o shall_v also_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o his_o own_o provision_n form_v consideration_n before_o a_o siege_n be_v form_v money_n meat_n and_o munition_n and_o many_o more_o particular_n of_o which_o and_o concern_v which_o no_o definite_a or_o certain_a rule_n can_v be_v give_v and_o before_o he_o form_n or_o lay_v down_o his_o siege_n he_o ought_v to_o weigh_v and_o consider_v well_o all_o the_o advantage_n and_o disadvantage_n that_o may_v accrue_v to_o he_o as_o whether_o the_o gain_v the_o town_n or_o castle_n he_o besiege_v will_v counterpoise_v the_o loss_n of_o man_n and_o that_o vast_a expense_n of_o money_n meat_n and_o munition_n that_o must_v be_v hazard_v and_o bestow_v in_o reduce_v it_o how_o long_a time_n his_o own_o provision_n will_v be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o whether_o he_o be_v able_a with_o probability_n of_o success_n to_o withstand_v or_o fight_v any_o enemy_n that_o dare_v adventure_v the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a place_n and_o that_o which_o concern_v most_o both_o his_o master_n service_n and_o his_o own_o honour_n be_v to_o cast_v up_o his_o account_n so_o well_o that_o if_o any_o unexpected_a accident_n or_o adventure_n fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v the_o change_n of_o wether_n inundation_n of_o water_n a_o mighty_a and_o unlooked_a for_o succourse_v a_o pestilence_n or_o other_o heavy_a disease_n in_o his_o army_n he_o may_v notwithstanding_o these_o and_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o enemy_n raise_v his_o siege_n and_o march_v away_o to_o place_n of_o safety_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o honourable_a retreat_n with_o little_a or_o no_o loss_n of_o man_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o a_o army_n march_v away_o from_o a_o besiege_a place_n with_o dishonour_n because_o ratio_fw-la bâ—lli_n depend_v on_o emergency_n and_o accident_n change_v as_o oft_o as_o ratio_fw-la status_fw-la and_o as_o in_o this_o nothing_o be_v think_v 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army_n be_v not_o entrench_v who_o do_v not_o have_v no_o apprehension_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o one_o they_o must_v be_v ready_a to_o march_v either_o to_o meet_v and_o fight_v that_o enemy_n or_o leave_v both_o he_o and_o the_o besieged_a place_n for_o good_a and_o all_o both_o which_o i_o have_v know_v practise_v those_o who_o entrench_v their_o army_n sieges_n army_n entrench_v at_o sieges_n take_v the_o far_o sure_a way_n though_o the_o do_v it_o cost_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o time_n and_o labour_n the_o entrenchment_n must_v be_v make_v both_o against_o those_o within_o the_o town_n and_o against_o any_o without_o who_o will_v hazard_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v proper_o call_v the_o trench_n though_o the_o word_n be_v frequent_o take_v for_o approach_n and_o in_o that_o word_n be_v comprehend_v the_o line_n of_o communication_n which_o line_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n field-sconce_n whole_a and_o half_a bulwark_n star-work_n and_o redout_n none_o of_o these_o shall_v have_v a_o curtain_n between_o they_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o hundred_o foot_n long_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o one_o from_o another_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o a_o musket_n shoot_v they_o shall_v be_v build_v of_o black_a earth_n if_o it_o can_v be_v have_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v sandy_a it_o must_v be_v knit_v together_o with_o with_o 's_o fascines_n straw_n or_o grow_a corn_n and_o without_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o pallisado_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n shall_v the_o redout_n and_o battery_n in_o the_o approach_n be_v build_v the_o star-sconce_n have_v their_o side_n 40_o or_o 50_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o point_n far_o distant_a be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o haste_n when_o time_n will_v not_o permit_v better_a to_o be_v make_v if_o a_o army_n be_v numerous_a enough_o or_o that_o there_o be_v store_n of_o pioner_n with_o it_o a_o general_n may_v fortify_v his_o camp_n and_o begin_v his_o approach_n both_o together_o and_o this_o will_v save_v he_o much_o time_n which_o in_o such_o occasion_n be_v very_o precious_a but_o if_o he_o can_v do_v both_o at_o once_o he_o shall_v entrench_v himself_o and_o then_o begin_v those_o work_n which_o be_v call_v approach_n run_v trench_n and_o by_o the_o dutch_a laâ—fgrabon_n in_o make_v these_o to_o break_v ground_n without_o the_o range_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o forâ—_n to_o approach_v to_o a_o forâ—_n ordnance_n will_v be_v too_o far_o and_o within_o musket_n shoot_v perhaps_o too_o near_o yet_o many_o think_v 8_o or_o 900._o foot_n from_o the_o besiege_a fort_n be_v passable_a at_o this_o place_n where_o the_o approach_n begin_v a_o sconce_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o in_o it_o a_o court_n of_o guard_n neither_o be_v it_o amiss_o here_o to_o make_v a_o battery_n and_o in_o it_o to_o plant_v some_o culverines_n and_o twelve_o pounder_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o near_a parapet_n of_o the_o fort_n from_o 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soldiery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v without_o sin_n if_o that_o profession_n be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o nay_o i_o have_v know_v the_o time_n thirty_o year_n ago_o when_o i_o serve_v in_o germany_n that_o prince_n and_o state_n though_o they_o bestow_v levy-shoney_a very_o plentiful_o can_v not_o get_v half_a so_o many_o of_o that_o profession_n as_o they_o desire_v and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n when_o i_o write_v this_o those_o european_a prince_n who_o be_v hot_a in_o war_n with_o other_o can_v get_v man_n enough_o of_o that_o trade_n and_o yet_o i_o shall_v easy_o grant_v they_o get_v more_o than_o they_o pay_v well_o but_o hugh_n de_fw-fr grot_n common_o call_v grotius_n a_o very_a learned_a and_o grave_a author_n examine_v grotius_n opinion_n examine_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twenty_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr fare_n belli_n ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v a_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o trade_n of_o soldiery_n for_o there_o he_o say_v 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man_n who_o profess_v the_o name_n of_o christ_n than_o either_o grotius_n or_o machiavelli_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o that_o great_a doctor_n of_o the_o gentile_n think_v the_o art_n of_o soldiery_n consider_v a_o part_n and_o distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o art_n either_o liberal_a or_o mechanical_a very_o lawful_a and_o therefore_o compare_v not_o the_o professor_n of_o it_o to_o infamous_a people_n such_o as_o grotius_n know_v hangman_n to_o be_v on_o the_o contrary_a the_o apostle_n propose_v a_o pure_a soldier_n who_o wait_v only_o on_o his_o own_o art_n of_o war_n as_o a_o fit_a example_n for_o his_o son_n timothy_n to_o follow_v read_v the_o three_o and_o four_o verse_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o timothy_n you_o will_v find_v these_o word_n thou_o therefore_o endure_v hardness_n at_o a_o good_a soldier_n of_o jesus_n christ_n no_o man_n that_o war_v entangle_v himself_o with_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o life_n that_o he_o may_v please_v 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but_o i_o think_v by_o this_o text_n man_n be_v forbid_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o art_n after_o they_o be_v actual_a minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v churchman_n be_v forbid_v to_o have_v plurality_n of_o profession_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v be_v content_v to_o hear_v with_o better_a will_n than_o to_o have_v it_o tell_v they_o that_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n be_v forbid_v the_o clergy_n but_o because_o grotius_n have_v make_v use_n of_o st._n austine_n authority_n against_o i_o in_o authority_n st._n austinâ—'s_n authority_n this_o question_n which_o i_o have_v clear_v i_o shall_v presume_v to_o cite_v that_o same_o father_n in_o defence_n of_o my_o cause_n it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v read_v but_o few_o of_o his_o learned_a book_n but_o the_o passage_n i_o mind_n to_o speak_v of_o i_o have_v read_v cite_v by_o a_o very_a worthy_a and_o credible_a author_n and_o though_o he_o cite_v it_o for_o another_o purpose_n yet_o find_v it_o make_v 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lawful_o fight_v when_o he_o be_v command_v for_o as_o the_o sin_n of_o command_v make_v that_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o obedience_n of_o serve_v make_v that_o soldier_n innocent_a this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o have_v yet_o say_v this_o great_a and_o pious_a divine_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o soldier_n art_n be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o fight_v when_o command_v even_o in_o a_o cause_n the_o justice_n whereof_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o he_o yea_o though_o the_o injustice_n of_o it_o be_v make_v apparent_a to_o he_o but_o assure_o st._n austin_n mean_v to_o except_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v diametrical_o against_o the_o word_n and_o will_n of_o god_n for_o the_o rule_n hold_v firm_a and_o perpetual_a better_a obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o other_o matter_n the_o soldier_n be_v not_o so_o strict_o to_o examine_v the_o quarrel_n the_o sin_n of_o command_v to_o fight_v in_o a_o unjust_a cause_n render_v the_o soldier_n obedience_n in_o 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and_o without_o constraint_n and_o for_o pay_v too_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a under_o the_o banner_n of_o heathen_a yea_o persecute_v emperor_n without_o examine_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n which_o ordinary_o be_v very_o oft_o want_v with_o those_o prince_n who_o measure_v the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n by_o the_o length_n of_o their_o sword_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o war_n which_o the_o tyrant_n maximianus_n make_v be_v neither_o just_a nor_o lawful_a yet_o the_o theban_a legion_n consist_v of_o six_o thousand_o christian_n serve_v faithful_o in_o that_o war_n and_o find_v no_o opposition_n in_o their_o conscience_n to_o that_o military_a employment_n but_o when_o that_o pagan_a emperor_n command_v they_o to_o sacrifice_n to_o his_o false_a deity_n and_o idol_n than_o they_o flat_o refuse_v obedience_n know_v sure_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o disobey_v god_n by_o give_v obedience_n to_o man_n and_o offer_v their_o throat_n to_o be_v
by_o conversion_n or_o face_v to_o the_o rear_n by_o themselves_o and_o the_o other_o two_o batallion_n in_o that_o same_o manner_n be_v to_o second_v they_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o one_o legion_n be_v speak_v of_o all_o the_o four_o of_o a_o consular_a army_n the_o two_o roman_a legion_n and_o the_o two_o of_o the_o ally_n but_o in_o polybius_n his_o description_n of_o the_o march_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n there_o arise_v baggage_n some_o difficulty_n and_o doubt_n concern_v the_o march_n of_o the_o baggage_n to_o i_o some_o difficulty_n which_o lipsius_n have_v not_o at_o all_o clear_v nay_o nor_o speak_v â—f_n though_o he_o speak_v enough_o of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v well_o enough_o understand_v without_o he_o as_o first_o consider_v how_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o the_o ground_n will_v always_o allow_v the_o roman_n to_o march_v in_o the_o order_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v every_o great_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n to_o have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o for_o by_o such_o other_o not_o at_o all_o clear_v by_o polybius_n or_o any_o other_o a_o march_n in_o a_o country_n full_a of_o hedge_n ditch_n and_o enclosure_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a but_o their_o legion_n will_v be_v wonderful_o embarass_v with_o their_o servant_n horse_n and_o baggage_n neither_o can_v the_o three_o batallion_n of_o every_o legion_n or_o of_o all_o the_o three_o upon_z the_o attack_z of_o a_o enemy_n make_v their_o evolution_n from_o among_o their_o baggage_n so_o dextrous_o and_o ready_o but_o they_o may_v by_o a_o active_a pursuer_fw-mi be_v bring_v to_o inextricable_a difficulty_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o time_n have_v rob_v we_o of_o a_o page_n or_o two_o of_o polybius_n his_o write_n which_o will_v have_v explain_v this_o and_o have_v make_v we_o know_v his_o own_o sense_n better_a than_o either_o lipsius_n or_o tâ—rduzzi_n do_v the_o last_o of_o these_o two_o do_v wonderful_o please_v himself_o in_o affirm_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v always_o march_v in_o that_o very_a order_n wherein_o he_o who_o command_v it_o resolve_v to_o fight_v here_o he_o fight_v with_o his_o own_o shadow_n for_o i_o suppose_v none_o will_v deny_v that_o a_o army_n shall_v march_v in_o batallion_n great_a body_n brigade_n and_o squadron_n yea_o all_o in_o breast_n if_o the_o ground_n will_v permit_v it_o but_o if_o not_o than_o i_o hope_v terduzzi_n will_v permit_v a_o general_n to_o march_v in_o such_o body_n small_a or_o great_a as_o with_o conveniency_n he_o can_v but_o what_o if_o i_o deny_v to_o terduzzi_n the_o thing_n itself_o for_o i_o dare_v aver_v never_o roman_a chieftain_n intend_v to_o fight_v a_o enemy_n in_o that_o order_n as_o polybius_n make_v the_o consular_a army_n to_o march_v for_o who_o will_v fancy_v the_o hastati_fw-la fight_v with_o their_o baggage_n before_o they_o or_o that_o the_o principes_fw-la advance_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la through_o their_o own_o wagon_n and_o cart_n but_o grant_v he_o all_o he_o say_v to_o be_v true_a what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o the_o order_n the_o baggage_n to_o march_v between_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n be_v conducible_a to_o obtain_v the_o great_a and_o main_a end_n and_o scope_n of_o all_o army_n which_o be_v to_o overcome_v a_o enemy_n and_o since_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o i_o be_o still_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o polybius_n his_o right_a meaning_n be_v not_o yet_o full_o elucidate_v to_o we_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o i_o will_v deal_v yet_o more_o free_o i_o do_v not_o well_o or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o understand_v baggage_n roman_n soldier_n carry_v all_o their_o own_o baggage_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o baggage_n of_o the_o several_a batallion_n of_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n for_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o soldier_n be_v carry_v on_o their_o own_o back_n if_o all_o be_v true_a that_o we_o have_v tell_v you_o former_o except_o their_o tent_n and_o their_o hand-mill_n and_o these_o i_o think_v may_v with_o little_a loss_n have_v take_v their_o hazard_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o every_o legion_n nay_o of_o the_o whole_a army_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v in_o the_o van_n or_o they_o may_v secure_o enough_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o van_n if_o the_o enemy_n be_v in_o the_o rear_n so_o as_o still_o polybius_n his_o divide_v the_o baggage_n of_o a_o legion_n into_o three_o part_n and_o put_v a_o three_o before_o every_o batallion_n be_v mysterious_a to_o i_o lipsius_n stand_v gaze_v and_o admire_v at_o the_o excellent_a order_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n and_o cry_v out_o mira_n eorum_fw-la hic_fw-la providentia_fw-la &_o dispositio_fw-la their_o providence_n and_o order_n here_o say_v he_o be_v wonderful_a but_o i_o wonder_v much_o more_o that_o this_o order_n of_o they_o do_v not_o sometime_o bring_v mischief_n upon_o they_o for_o first_o you_o be_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o dare_a roman_n for_o most_o part_n seek_v their_o enemy_n who_o in_o that_o case_n can_v not_o but_o be_v in_o their_o van_n either_o march_v to_o mete_v they_o or_o march_v away_o from_o they_o if_o the_o enemy_n march_v to_o meet_v they_o the_o roman_a baggage_n either_o before_o the_o legion_n itself_o or_o between_o the_o several_a body_n of_o it_o can_v not_o but_o give_v they_o those_o inevitable_a embarass_n and_o inconvenience_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v if_o a_o enemy_n march_v from_o they_o why_o do_v so_o prudent_a a_o people_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v make_v their_o own_o baggage_n a_o hindrance_n to_o they_o in_o overtake_v that_o enemy_n in_o who_o pursuit_n they_o march_v for_o let_v any_o man_n consider_v it_o right_n the_o great_a baggage_n that_o be_v the_o artillery_n engine_n and_o machine_n or_o the_o stuff_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o be_v make_v their_o spare_a arm_n the_o shop_n where_o and_o utensil_n wherewith_o they_o be_v make_v the_o consul_n pavilion_n and_o great_a baggage_n the_o treasurer_n train_n of_o money_n and_o proviant_a and_o many_o time_n of_o plunder_n will_v take_v up_o so_o much_o ground_n between_o the_o several_a legion_n and_o troop_n that_o without_o these_o hindrance_n a_o consular_a army_n may_v have_v join_v a_o enemy_n in_o less_o time_n by_o half_a than_o it_o can_v do_v with_o they_o which_o caesar_n speedy_a march_n from_o gâ—rgâ—via_n after_o the_o aeduan_o without_o baggage_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v what_o advantage_n the_o nervian_o propose_v to_o themselves_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o roman_a baggage_n between_o legion_n and_o sure_o these_o advantage_n have_v be_v great_a if_o every_o batallion_n of_o a_o legion_n have_v have_v its_o baggage_n in_o the_o van_n of_o it_o will_v be_v know_v to_o any_o who_o will_v attentive_o read_v câ—sars_n second_o book_n of_o the_o gallic_a waâ—_n for_o they_o have_v learn_v how_o the_o roman_n use_v to_o march_v resolve_v to_o set_v upon_o his_o first_o legion_n while_o its_o baggage_n give_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o â—est_n to_o come_v up_o to_o its_o assistance_n câ—sar_n who_o be_v as_o happy_a as_o prudent_a and_o as_o prudent_a as_o fortunate_a learn_v their_o design_n by_o his_o spy_n and_o present_o alter_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o country_n march_n he_o command_v his_o cavalry_n to_o set_v forward_o and_o after_o it_o six_o legion_n and_o after_o they_o the_o baggage_n of_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o in_o the_o rearguard_n two_o legion_n more_o if_o he_o have_v not_o do_v so_o he_o may_v have_v receive_v a_o notable_a yea_o a_o indelible_a affront_n from_o that_o stout_a and_o warlike_a nation_n which_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v he_o not_o the_o field_n without_o a_o very_a bloody_a resistance_n nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a time_n câ—sar_n do_v so_o though_o it_o be_v the_o only_a time_n mention_v by_o lipsius_n and_o terduzzi_n for_o when_o he_o advance_v with_o four_o legion_n against_o the_o bellâ—vaci_n he_o cause_v three_o legion_n to_o march_v first_o than_o the_o baggage_n which_o his_o four_o legion_n follow_v perhaps_o he_o practise_v this_o more_o frequent_o though_o it_o be_v not_o often_o mention_v and_o in_o all_o his_o retreat_n he_o ever_o send_v his_o whole_a baggage_n to_o the_o van_n of_o his_o army_n thus_o you_o see_v great_a câ—sar_n who_o live_v long_o after_o polybius_n do_v not_o tie_v himself_o so_o strict_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_a march_n but_o he_o both_o can_v and_o do_v alter_v it_o according_a as_o he_o think_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o conveniency_n of_o his_o affair_n and_o so_o shall_v all_o prudent_a captain_n do_v but_o i_o can_v get_v one_o view_n of_o the_o velite_n in_o all_o this_o march_n and_o here_o our_o author_n march_v
we_o can_v tell_v how_o the_o vâ—lites_n march_v leave_v we_o again_o to_o our_o conjecture_n certain_o if_o the_o whole_a six_o book_n of_o polybius_n his_o history_n be_v extant_a and_o if_o some_o parcel_n of_o it_o be_v not_o lose_v as_o i_o shrewd_o suspect_v there_o be_v he_o forget_v himself_o when_o he_o forget_v to_o tell_v we_o where_o and_o how_o the_o roman_a light_n arm_v who_o make_v up_o more_o than_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o infantry_n march_v for_o to_o tell_v we_o as_o lipsius_n do_v that_o they_o march_v where_o the_o consul_n appoint_v they_o be_v to_o tell_v we_o just_a nothing_o for_o neither_o heavy_a arm_a foot_n nor_o horse_n march_v where_o they_o please_v but_o where_o the_o general_n order_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o probable_a and_o a_o very_a rational_a conjecture_n that_o the_o velite_n march_v near_a that_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v whether_o that_o be_v in_o the_o van_n rear_n or_o flank_n of_o the_o army_n since_o they_o be_v by_o their_o skirmish_n to_o begin_v the_o fight_n but_o i_o fear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v have_v more_o grope_v before_o we_o find_v the_o quarter_n where_o they_o lodge_v observe_v that_o the_o legion_n of_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o socii_fw-la do_v change_v van_n and_o rear_n daily_o by_o turn_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o the_o roman_a ambulatory_a march_n be_v twenty_o italian_a mile_n in_o four_o hour_n and_o the_o cursory_a twenty_o five_o but_o i_o suppose_v without_o baggage_n and_o with_o it_o twenty_o mile_n be_v vnius_fw-la diei_fw-la justum_fw-la iter_fw-la the_o just_a march_n of_o a_o army_n for_o one_o day_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o quarter_a encamp_a and_o castrametation_n of_o a_o consular_a army_n after_o a_o long_a and_o it_o may_v be_v a_o hard_a and_o tedious_a march_n it_o will_v be_v time_n to_o village_n quarter_a iâ—_n town_n and_o village_n lodge_v our_o consular_a army_n and_o lodge_v it_o must_v be_v in_o town_n and_o village_n or_o in_o the_o field_n if_o in_o the_o first_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o demand_v from_o their_o host_n but_o bed_n and_o lodging_n and_o be_v to_o pay_v for_o all_o they_o spend_v in_o meat_n drink_n or_o fire_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n the_o legate_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n cause_v they_o to_o furnish_v the_o army_n as_o they_o march_v through_o their_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o the_o public_a magazine_n which_o be_v discount_v from_o their_o wage_n by_o the_o treasurer_n or_o cause_v the_o country_n people_n to_o bring_v in_o provision_n of_o all_o kind_n as_o to_o open_a market_n where_o they_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o soldier_n for_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o ordinary_a rate_n of_o the_o country_n in_o which_o the_o army_n chance_v to_o be_v the_o contravener_n and_o disobeyer_n of_o order_n be_v severe_o punish_v the_o way_n in_o which_o officer_n and_o soldier_n use_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o house_n to_o avoid_v strife_n between_o they_o and_o their_o host_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a house_n be_v as_o equal_o divide_v as_o may_v be_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n choose_v the_o first_o the_o soldier_n the_o second_o and_o the_o three_o and_o last_o return_v to_o the_o host_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n have_v two_o three_o when_o the_o army_n be_v to_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o field_n which_o we_o call_v encamp_v encamp_v soldier_n hard_a labour_n in_o encamp_v and_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o part_n castrametation_n and_o fortification_n the_o common_a soldier_n have_v a_o hard_a labour_n than_o in_o their_o day_n march_v in_o regard_n beside_o the_o measure_n the_o ground_n they_o be_v to_o fortify_v the_o camp_n with_o ditch_n rampart_n and_o pallisado_n and_o to_o pitch_v the_o tent_n of_o all_o their_o commander_n and_o cleanse_v their_o quarter_n before_o they_o get_v leave_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o own_o tent_n or_o hut_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o castrametation_n which_o be_v one_o 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