great_a occasion_n to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o image_n but_o when_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n begin_v to_o be_v oppose_v here_o in_o england_n by_o wickliff_n the_o defender_n of_o it_o find_v themselves_o concern_v to_o find_v out_o every_o thing_n that_o make_v for_o their_o advantage_n waldensis_n have_v hear_v of_o some_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o council_n against_o iconoclast_n by_o thomas_n and_o john_n two_o dominican_n of_o his_o time_n from_o a_o certain_a book_n 4._o he_o adventure_n to_o set_v it_o down_o upon_o their_o report_n but_o so_o faint_o with_o ut_fw-la fertur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v tell_v the_o story_n of_o pope_n joan_n and_o he_o say_v it_o be_v call_v under_o the_o pious_a emperor_n constantius_n the_o second_o and_o pascasius_fw-la by_o which_o we_o may_v see_v what_o a_o excellent_a account_n they_o have_v of_o this_o general_a council_n but_o in_o the_o last_o century_n pet._n crabb_n a_o franciscan_a with_o indefatigable_a 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for_o 1._o in_o the_o age_n wherein_o it_o be_v first_o send_v abroad_o it_o be_v utter_o reject_v by_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v by_o the_o canon_n itself_o but_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o judicious_a person_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n such_o as_o sirmondus_fw-la and_o petrus_n de_fw-fr marcâ_fw-la be_v 3._o and_o petavius_n confess_v that_o the_o council_n mean_v by_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n be_v the_o nicene_n council_n and_o not_o the_o former_a of_o constantinople_n as_o surius_n cope_n or_o harpsfield_n sanders_n suarez_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n nay_o labbé_fw-fr and_o cossart_n in_o their_o late_a edition_n of_o the_o council_n have_v most_o impudent_o set_v down_o this_o in_o the_o very_a title_n of_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n that_o the_o act_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o image_n be_v confirm_v therein_o whereas_o sirmondus_n add_v this_o to_o the_o title_n of_o his_o admonition_n about_o the_o second_o canon_n of_o that_o council_n quo_fw-la rejecta_fw-la est_fw-la synodus_fw-la nicaena_n all_o which_o advertisement_n they_o have_v very_o honest_o leave_v out_o although_o they_o pretend_v to_o give_v all_o sirmondus_fw-la his_o note_n but_o the_o main_a pretence_n for_o this_o be_v because_o the_o word_n of_o the_o canon_n do_v mention_v the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n 1013._o which_o petavius_n think_v be_v call_v so_o because_o constantinople_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n but_o the_o plain_a reason_n be_v because_o the_o nicene_n council_n be_v begin_v at_o constantinople_n upon_o the_o 17_o of_o august_n but_o the_o emperor_n guard_n will_v not_o endure_v their_o sit_v there_o as_o theophanes_n relate_v 389._o upon_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o rise_v and_o the_o empress_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n to_o disband_v the_o suspect_a officer_n and_o soldier_n and_o bring_v in_o new_a one_o however_o it_o be_v think_v convenient_a the_o council_n shall_v sit_v no_o long_o there_o but_o remove_v unto_o nice_a and_o what_o a_o mighty_a absurdity_n be_v this_o to_o call_v a_o council_n which_o be_v begin_v at_o constantinople_n the_o constantinopolitan_a council_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o gabriel_n biel_n 49._o who_o live_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o fifteen_o century_n quote_v the_o decree_n of_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n and_o the_o learned_a p._n pithaeus_n speak_v of_o anastasius_n his_o translation_n diac._n call_v it_o the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n the_o new_a french_a annalist_n be_v satisfy_v with_o neither_o opinion_n but_o he_o think_v that_o another_o council_n of_o constantinople_n be_v call_v between_o the_o nicene_n council_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o francford_n which_o do_v in_o express_a word_n determine_v that_o the_o same_o worship_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o b._n trinity_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o council_n condemn_v at_o francford_n but_o this_o new_a council_n be_v a_o mere_a invention_n of_o his_o own_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n for_o it_o either_o from_o the_o greek_a or_o latin_a historian_n and_o in_o truth_n he_o pretend_v only_o to_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o it_o be_v a_o council_n of_o constantinople_n which_o be_v condemn_v 2._o because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n shall_v condemn_v the_o council_n of_o nice_a for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v that_o so_o many_o bishop_n 34._o the_o pope_n legate_n be_v present_a shall_v misunderstand_v the_o doctrine_n of_o that_o council_n yet_o this_o be_v all_o the_o refuge_n t._n g._n have_v in_o this_o matter_n 144._o and_o he_o offer_v from_o petr._n de_fw-fr marca_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o it_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantia_n in_o cyprus_n and_o although_o there_o be_v a_o mistake_n in_o the_o translation_n of_o it_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o he_o say_v the_o whole_a council_n mean_v the_o same_o which_o constantine_n speak_v out_o 17._o although_o in_o word_n they_o deny_v it_o and_o he_o there_o quote_v the_o very_a word_n of_o their_o deny_v it_o non_fw-la adoramus_fw-la imagine_v ut_fw-la deum_fw-la nec_fw-la illis_fw-la divini_fw-la servitii_fw-la cultum_fw-la impendimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o western_a church_n understand_v well_o enough_o what_o they_o say_v and_o what_o they_o deny_v but_o they_o judge_v notwithstanding_o all_o their_o word_n to_o the_o contrary_a that_o they_o do_v real_o give_v that_o worship_n to_o image_n which_o be_v due_a only_o to_o god_n and_o no_o man_n that_o read_v the_o caroline_n book_n can_v be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o t._n g._n be_v content_a to_o yield_v it_o of_o the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n 146._o from_o the_o testimony_n i_o bring_v out_o of_o he_o but_o he_o say_v that_o author_n be_v not_o content_v with_o what_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n have_v condemn_v which_o be_v a_o lamentable_a answer_n since_o hincmarus_n say_v 28._o that_o this_o very_a volume_n be_v it_o which_o be_v send_v from_o the_o emperor_n to_o rome_n by_o some_o bishop_n against_o the_o greek_a synod_n and_o he_o quote_v the_o very_a place_n out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v still_o extant_a in_o that_o book_n and_o be_v it_o credible_a that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v publish_v a_o book_n in_o his_o own_o name_n as_o a_o capitular_a as_o pope_n hadrian_n call_v it_o that_o be_v different_a from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n which_o be_v call_v on_o purpose_n to_o resolve_v this_o question_n about_o image_n as_o well_o as_o to_o condemn_v the_o heresy_n of_o felix_n and_o elipandus_n petavius_n indeed_o will_v have_v the_o main_a book_n to_o have_v be_v write_v some_o year_n before_o the_o council_n 8._o as_o soon_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o nicene_n synod_n be_v know_v in_o these_o part_n and_o cassander_n probable_o suppose_v alcuinus_fw-la to_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o but_o when_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n have_v condemn_v the_o nicene_n synod_n 15._o only_o some_o excerpta_fw-la be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v with_o petavius_n his_o reason_n because_o the_o pope_n do_v not_o answer_v all_o of_o it_o a_o better_a cause_n may_v be_v assign_v for_o that_o but_o in_o the_o preface_n of_o the_o book_n the_o author_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v do_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n quod_fw-la opus_fw-la aggressi_fw-la sumus_fw-la cum_fw-la conhibentiâ_fw-la sacerdotum_fw-la
although_o this_o image_n be_v believe_v to_o represent_v christ_n after_o his_o incarnation_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o such_o a_o author_n who_o not_o only_o omit_v so_o considerable_a a_o passage_n but_o put_v in_o word_n of_o his_o own_o direct_o contrary_a to_o his_o meaning_n the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n say_v that_o allow_v this_o story_n to_o be_v true_a which_o by_o compare_v the_o relation_n of_o asterius_n in_o photius_n with_o what_o eusebius_n sozomen_n and_o the_o rest_n say_v 271._o there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o suspect_v yet_o it_o signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n such_o a_o statue_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o weak_a ignorant_a woman_n to_o express_v her_o gratitude_n after_o the_o best_a fashion_n among_o the_o gentile_n and_o what_o do_v this_o signify_v to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o suppose_v the_o miraculous_a cure_n to_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o herb_n that_o grow_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o statue_n 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by_o they_o there_o which_o command_v christian_n to_o make_v image_n of_o christ_n instead_o of_o heathen_a idol_n but_o our_o comfort_n be_v that_o petavius_n discard_n this_o as_o a_o mere_a forgery_n 4._o as_o most_o of_o the_o thing_n of_o the_o latter_a greek_n he_o say_v be_v and_o yet_o baronius_n say_v this_o canon_n be_v make_v use_n of_o by_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n which_o show_v what_o excellent_a authority_n that_o council_n rely_v upon_o nicolas_n de_fw-fr clemangis_n be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v there_o be_v any_o apostolical_a decree_n in_o this_o matter_n 151._o that_o he_o say_v the_o universal_a church_n do_v decree_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o gentile_a convert_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o image_n at_o all_o in_o church_n which_o decree_n he_o say_v be_v afterward_o repeal_v i_o will_v he_o have_v tell_v we_o by_o what_o authority_n and_o why_o other_o commandment_n and_o decree_n may_v not_o be_v repeal_v as_o well_o as_o that_o the_o first_o authentic_a testimony_n of_o any_o thing_n like_o image_n among_o christian_n be_v that_o of_o the_o paint_a chalice_n in_o tertullian_n 10._o wherein_o christ_n be_v represent_v under_o the_o emblem_n of_o a_o shepherd_n with_o a_o sheep_n on_o his_o back_n as_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a among_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v emblematical_a figure_n on_o their_o cup_n but_o be_v ever_o any_o man_n so_o weak_a among_o they_o not_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o ornament_n of_o their_o cup_n and_o glass_n and_o their_o sacred_a image_n how_o ridiculous_a will_v that_o man_n have_v be_v that_o shall_v have_v prove_v at_o that_o time_n that_o christian_n worship_v image_n because_o they_o make_v use_v of_o paint_a glass_n if_o this_o signify_v any_o thing_n why_o do_v they_o quarrel_v with_o we_o that_o have_v paint_v glass_n window_n in_o our_o church_n all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o hence_o be_v that_o the_o church_n at_o that_o time_n do_v not_o think_v emblematical_a figure_n unlawful_a ornament_n of_o cup_n or_o chalice_n and_o do_v we_o think_v otherwise_o this_o i_o confess_v do_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_a church_n do_v think_v ornamental_a image_n lawful_a but_o it_o do_v no_o more_o prove_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n than_o the_o very_a same_o emblem_n often_o use_v before_o protestant_a book_n do_v prove_v that_o those_o book_n be_v worship_v by_o we_o i_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n more_o that_o look_v like_o any_o evidence_n for_o image_n for_o the_o first_o three_o hundred_o year_n afterward_o there_o begin_v to_o be_v some_o appearance_n of_o some_o in_o some_o place_n but_o they_o meet_v with_o different_a entertainment_n according_a to_o the_o several_a apprehension_n of_o man_n for_o although_o the_o whole_a christian_a church_n agree_v in_o refuse_v to_o worship_n image_n yet_o they_o be_v of_o several_a opinion_n as_o to_o the_o use_v of_o they_o some_o follow_v the_o strict_a opinion_n of_o tertullian_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n and_o origen_n who_o think_v the_o very_a make_n of_o image_n unlawful_a other_o think_v it_o not_o unlawful_a to_o make_v they_o but_o to_o use_v they_o in_o church_n as_o the_o eliberitan_n bishop_n and_o epiphanius_n other_o think_v it_o not_o unlawful_a to_o have_v image_n there_o provide_v no_o worship_n be_v give_v to_o they_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o bring_v s._n hierom_n saucomariae_n for_o any_o other_o purpose_n 4._o than_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o apostle_n image_n be_v then_o see_v upon_o their_o common_a drink_v cup_n of_o which_o he_o speak_v as_o any_o one_o may_v easy_o see_v that_o read_v the_o passage_n and_o the_o sport_n he_o make_v with_o canthelius_n about_o it_o which_o will_v prove_v as_o much_o towards_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o have_v the_o apostle_n picture_n on_o a_o pack_n of_o card_n will_v do_v whatever_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o tertullia_n time_n if_o at_o least_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o sacred_a chalice_n we_o be_v sure_a in_o s._n augustine_n time_n there_o be_v no_o image_n of_o mankind_n on_o the_o sacred_a vessel_n 113._o for_o although_o these_o say_v he_o be_v consecrate_v to_o a_o sacred_a use_n and_o be_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o a_o mouth_n and_o speak_v not_o nor_o eye_n and_o see_v not_o as_o the_o heathen_a image_n have_v and_o afterward_o say_v that_o the_o humane_a figure_n do_v more_o to_o deceive_v mankind_n as_o to_o their_o worship_n than_o the_o want_n of_o sense_n do_v to_o correct_v their_o error_n and_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o madness_n of_o idolatry_n be_v that_o the_o likeness_n to_o a_o live_a be_v prevail_v more_o on_o the_o affection_n of_o miserable_a man_n to_o worship_v they_o than_o their_o knowledge_n that_o they_o be_v not_o live_v do_v to_o the_o contempt_n of_o they_o be_v it_o possible_a such_o a_o man_n as_o s._n austin_n be_v can_v use_v such_o expression_n as_o these_o if_o in_o his_o time_n there_o have_v be_v any_o image_n then_o use_v or_o worship_v in_o christian_a church_n what_o need_v he_o have_v so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o sacred_a utensil_n if_o there_o have_v be_v sacred_a image_n and_o how_o can_v he_o have_v urge_v those_o thing_n against_o heathen_a image_n which_o will_v altogether_o have_v hold_v as_o well_o against_o christian_a for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o heathen_n he_o dispute_v against_o so_o much_o as_o the_o proneness_n of_o man_n to_o be_v seduce_v to_o worship_v such_o representation_n which_o they_o find_v to_o be_v like_o themselves_o to_o this_o bellarmin_n answer_v 9_o that_o s._n augustin_n do_v not_o say_v there_o be_v no_o image_n in_o church_n but_o only_o that_o the_o humane_a shape_n of_o image_n do_v tend_v much_o to_o increase_v their_o error_n who_o worship_v they_o for_o go_n but_o will_v any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n have_v use_v those_o argument_n against_o image_n which_o do_v not_o suppose_v they_o already_o worship_v for_o god_n but_o 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this_o first_o principle_n yet_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v immortal_a and_o not_o only_o good_a in_o itself_o but_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o good_a which_o sure_o be_v no_o description_n of_o a_o arch-devil_n but_o what_o need_v i_o far_o insist_v on_o those_o author_n of_o his_o own_o church_n who_o have_v yield_v this_o when_o there_o be_v several_a who_o with_o approbation_n have_v undertake_v the_o proof_n of_o this_o in_o book_n write_v purposely_o on_o this_o subject_n such_o as_o raim_n breganius_n gentil_n mutius_n pansa_n philoso_n livius_n galante_n comparat_fw-la paulus_n benius_n eugubinus_n theolog_fw-la but_o above_o all_o augustinus_n steuchus_n eugubinus_n philo._n who_o have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o prove_v that_o not_o only_o the_o be_v of_o the_o deity_n but_o the_o unity_n as_o a_o first_o principle_n the_o wisdom_n goodness_n power_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v acknowledge_v not_o mere_o by_o the_o philosopher_n as_o 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or_o these_o be_v not_o faithful_a servant_n to_o he_o by_o bring_v in_o visible_a object_n of_o worship_n by_o set_v up_o image_n and_o persuade_v man_n to_o make_v oblation_n and_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o they_o and_o because_o it_o be_v so_o hard_a a_o matter_n to_o choke_v those_o natural_a motion_n of_o man_n mind_n towards_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o father_n of_o all_o 122._o therefore_o they_o endeavour_v to_o draw_v man_n far_o from_o he_o by_o tempt_v they_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o impiety_n whereas_o the_o good_a angel_n we_o read_v of_o in_o scripture_n always_o direct_v man_n to_o pay_v their_o honour_n and_o adoration_n not_o to_o themselves_o but_o only_o to_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o teach_v man_n that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o give_v they_o to_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n and_o servant_n 123._o but_o these_o deity_n of_o julian_n be_v willing_a to_o receive_v worship_n from_o man_n and_o their_o prayer_n and_o acknowledgement_n and_o praise_n and_o gift_n 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god_n to_o any_o creature_n but_o in_o give_v that_o worship_n which_o that_o name_n call_v for_o and_o yet_o this_o worship_n here_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a excellency_n of_o god_n if_o we_o now_o look_v into_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o latin_a church_n against_o the_o heathen_a idolater_n 11._o we_o shall_v find_v they_o agree_v with_o the_o other_o tertullian_n appeal_v to_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n for_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o one_o true_a and_o supreme_a god_n 17._o for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o their_o idolatry_n they_o be_v apt_a upon_o any_o great_a occasion_n to_o lift_v up_o their_o hand_n and_o eye_n to_o heaven_n animae_fw-la where_o the_o only_a true_a and_o great_a and_o good_a god_n be_v and_o he_o mention_n their_o common_a phrase_n god_n give_v and_o god_n see_v and_o i_o commend_v you_o to_o god_n and_o god_n will_v restore_v all_o which_o do_v show_v the_o natural_a testimony_n of_o conscience_n as_o to_o the_o unity_n and_o supreme_a excellency_n of_o god_n and_o in_o his_o book_n ad_fw-la scapulam_fw-la 4._o god_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o powerful_a god_n by_o what_o he_o do_v upon_o their_o supplication_n to_o he_o under_o the_o name_n of_o jove_n minucius_n felix_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o argument_n and_o say_v they_o be_v clear_a argument_n of_o their_o consent_n with_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o god_n and_o make_v it_o no_o great_a matter_n what_o name_n they_o call_v he_o by_o 19_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v already_o and_o afterward_o produce_v many_o testimony_n of_o the_o philosopher_n almost_o all_o he_o say_v that_o they_o acknowledge_v one_o god_n although_o under_o several_a name_n 21._o arnobius_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v 101._o that_o on_o both_o side_n they_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o be_v one_o supreme_a god_n eternal_a and_o invisible_a and_o father_n of_o all_o thing_n from_o who_o all_o 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argue_v against_o it_o from_o the_o poetical_a fable_n about_o saturn_n and_o juno_n but_o withal_o he_o confess_v that_o they_o think_v it_o very_o unreasonable_a 13._o for_o their_o religion_n to_o be_v charge_v with_o those_o fable_n which_o themselves_o disow_v and_o therefore_o at_o last_o he_o can_v not_o deny_v that_o they_o believe_v themselves_o that_o by_o the_o jove_n in_o the_o capitol_n they_o understand_v and_o worship_v the_o spirit_n that_o quicken_v and_o fill_v the_o world_n of_o which_o virgil_n speak_v in_o those_o word_n jovis_fw-la omne_fw-la plena_fw-la but_o he_o wonder_v that_o since_o they_o acknowledge_v this_o to_o be_v the_o supreme_a if_o not_o only_a deity_n the_o roman_n do_v not_o rather_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o worship_n of_o he_o alone_o than_o run_v about_o and_o
misinterpretation_n of_o it_o by_o a_o atheistical_a sect_n among_o they_o they_o be_v satisfy_v by_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a testimony_n out_o of_o their_o book_n that_o they_o can_v mean_v no_o other_o than_o the_o true_a god_n and_o that_o he_o to_o who_o the_o king_n every_o year_n offer_v sacrifice_n be_v a_o pure_a mind_n free_a from_o all_o mixture_n govern_v all_o thing_n and_o therefore_o to_o he_o all_o the_o act_n of_o sovereign_a worship_n be_v perform_v such_o as_o sacrifice_n vow_n prayer_n and_o thanksgiving_n therefore_o the_o worship_n they_o give_v to_o the_o tutelar_a spirit_n or_o guardian_n angel_n as_o they_o suppose_v they_o must_v be_v of_o a_o inferior_a nature_n and_o yet_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o cardinal_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o pope_n condemn_v this_o for_o idolatry_n that_o give_v a_o inferior_a worship_n on_o the_o account_n of_o create_a excellency_n when_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v religious_a be_v utter_o unlawful_a among_o 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good_a in_o the_o world_n as_o the_o jesuit_n say_v confutius_n do_v but_o at_o last_o they_o will_v have_v all_o these_o honour_n to_o confutius_n to_o be_v only_o civil_a honour_n although_o trigautius_n confess_v 151._o that_o he_o have_v a_o temple_n in_o every_o city_n that_o his_o image_n with_o that_o of_o his_o disciple_n be_v set_v up_o in_o it_o that_o these_o disciple_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o sort_n of_o divi_z i._n e._n as_o canonize_v saint_n 10._o that_o bear_v they_o make_v use_v of_o all_o the_o rite_n of_o adoration_n genuflection_n wax-candle_n incense_n oblation_n prayer_n only_o except_v but_o we_o see_v notwithstanding_o all_o their_o pretence_n the_o pope_n and_o congregation_n of_o cardinal_n have_v condemn_v they_o as_o guilty_a of_o idolatry_n that_o the_o pope_n and_o congregation_n of_o cardinal_n be_v not_o of_o t._n g_o be_v mind_n that_o act_n do_v certain_o go_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v for_o all_o these_o act_n of_o worship_n be_v direct_v by_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o person_n to_o the_o secret_a crucifix_n which_o lie_v among_o the_o flower_n upon_o the_o altar_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o in_o their_o opinion_n be_v a_o fit_a object_n of_o worship_n yet_o other_o circumstance_n do_v so_o much_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o that_o they_o declare_v these_o act_n to_o be_v in_o themselves_o unlawful_a by_o action_n go_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v i_o do_v not_o mean_v as_o t._n g._n suggest_v that_o the_o physical_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o object_n whither_o the_o act_n be_v direct_v i._n e._n that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v of_o that_o which_o i_o do_v think_v of_o but_o my_o meaning_n be_v that_o such_o a_o direct_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o give_v a_o moral_a denomination_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n viz._n that_o it_o become_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a by_o virtue_n of_o such_o a_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n may_v so_o determine_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o act_n of_o worship_n as_o to_o make_v they_o unlawful_a whatever_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v and_o thus_o the_o congregation_n of_o cardinal_n here_o resolve_v the_o case_n the_o person_n use_v only_o those_o act_n of_o adoration_n that_o may_v be_v direct_v to_o god_n by_o a_o secret_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n they_o suppose_v a_o crucifix_n a_o fit_a object_n for_o divine_a worship_n and_o go_v together_o into_o a_o idolatrous_a temple_n and_o use_v all_o the_o external_a equivocal_a act_n as_o t._n g._n call_v they_o which_o the_o rest_n do_v they_o direct_v their_o act_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o intention_n to_o the_o crucifix_n yet_o although_o the_o congregation_n think_v this_o intention_n right_o direct_v they_o condemn_v the_o act_n as_o in_o themselves_o unlawful_a but_o of_o these_o thing_n hereafter_o the_o first_o observation_n be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o present_a purpose_n viz._n to_o show_v that_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n the_o practice_n of_o idolatry_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n from_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o east-indies_n 16._o i_o proceed_v to_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n who_o dominion_n have_v extend_v itself_o over_o that_o vast_a continent_n from_o the_o utmost_a north-east_n part_n to_o the_o border_n of_o europe_n that_o way_n and_o this_o acount_n i_o shall_v give_v from_o the_o least_o suspect_a witness_n in_o this_o matter_n viz._n the_o emissary_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o have_v converse_v most_o among_o they_o and_o make_v it_o their_o design_n to_o understand_v their_o religion_n in_o a._n d._n 1246._o after_o the_o horrible_a devastation_n make_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o poland_n and_o hungary_n pope_n innocent_a 4._o send_v johannes_n de_fw-fr plano_n carpini_fw-la as_o his_o legate_n or_o nuncio_n to_o they_o 3._o and_o after_o a_o year_n and_o four_o month_n stay_v among_o they_o he_o give_v this_o account_n of_o their_o religion_n unum_fw-la deum_fw-la credunt_fw-la quem_fw-la credunt_fw-la esse_fw-la factorem_fw-la omnium_fw-la visibilium_fw-la &_o invisibilium_fw-la &_o credunt_fw-la eum_fw-la tam_fw-la bonorum_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la mundo_fw-la quam_fw-la poenarum_fw-la esse_fw-la factorem_fw-la non_fw-la tamen_fw-la orationibus_fw-la vel_fw-la laudibus_fw-la aut_fw-la ritu_fw-la aliquo_fw-la ipsum_fw-la colunt_fw-la they_o believe_v one_o god_n who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o maker_n of_o all_o thing_n visible_a and_o invisible_a and_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o worldly_a good_n and_o punishment_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v they_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o worhip_n of_o he_o but_o their_o worship_n they_o give_v to_o image_n which_o he_o there_o at_o large_a decribe_n but_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a deity_n who_o he_o call_v itoga_n paulus_n venetus_n natagay_n which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n 47._o and_o he_o they_o worship_v with_o great_a superstition_n and_o beside_o they_o worship_v the_o sun_n moon_n and_o fire_n and_o make_v oblation_n to_o the_o image_n of_o their_o first_o emperor_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v affirm_v by_o vincentius_n bellovacensis_n 74._o after_o he_o lewis_z the_o nine_o of_o france_n send_v william_n de_fw-fr rubruquis_fw-la a_o franciscan_a a._n d._n 1253._o who_o pass_v through_o the_o several_a court_n of_o the_o tartarian_a prince_n and_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n to_o his_o prince_n of_o the_o religion_n he_o find_v among_o they_o in_o the_o conference_n he_o have_v with_o mangu-chan_n who_o be_v then_o emperor_n about_o religion_n the_o emperor_n tell_v he_o 43._o we_o mole_n which_o be_v the_o name_n they_o call_v themselves_o by_o that_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o tribe_n from_o whence_o jingiz-chan_a come_v the_o tartar_n be_v another_o tribe_n but_o better_o know_v to_o the_o european_n we_o say_v he_o believe_v that_o
and_o so_o the_o primitive_a christian_n think_v who_o very_o honest_o and_o sincere_o declare_v as_o much_o in_o their_o word_n and_o action_n 2._o witness_v not_o only_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o writer_n in_o behalf_n of_o christianity_n not_o one_o except_v that_o ever_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v this_o matter_n but_o the_o decree_n of_o as_o good_a a_o council_n as_o be_v to_o be_v have_v at_o that_o time_n i_o mean_v the_o eliberitan_n in_o the_o famous_a canon_n to_o that_o purpose_n can._n 36._o it_o please_v we_o to_o have_v no_o picture_n in_o church_n lest_o that_o which_o be_v worship_v be_v paint_v upon_o wall_n it_o be_v a_o pleasant_a thing_n to_o see_v what_o work_n our_o adversary_n make_v with_o this_o innocent_a canon_n sometime_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a forgery_n of_o heretic_n i_o wonder_v such_o man_n do_v not_o say_v the_o same_o of_o the_o second_o commandment_n sometime_o the_o bishop_n that_o meet_v there_o be_v not_o so_o wise_a as_o they_o shall_v 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draw_v so_o soon_o after_o heathen_a idolatry_n than_o he_o will_v be_v afterward_o methinks_v it_o have_v be_v much_o better_o do_v then_o while_o the_o skilful_a artificer_n be_v live_v but_o those_o be_v heathen_a idolater_n suppose_v they_o be_v you_o must_v make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o none_o if_o that_o which_o tertullian_n and_o other_o say_v hold_v true_a that_o it_o be_v forbid_v to_o christian_n to_o make_v image_n which_o sure_o they_o will_v never_o have_v say_v if_o they_o have_v think_v the_o time_n will_v come_v when_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n shall_v be_v forget_v and_o then_o the_o christian_n may_v worship_v image_n well_o but_o all_o this_o be_v only_o against_o picture_n upon_o wall_n but_o for_o all_o that_o say_v bellarmin_n 9_o they_o may_v have_v image_n in_o frames_n or_o upon_o veil_n it_o seem_v then_o that_o which_o be_v adore_v may_v be_v paint_v well_o enough_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o upon_o a_o wall_n but_o methinks_v it_o be_v more_o repugnant_a to_o a_o infinite_a be_v to_o be_v confine_v within_o a_o frame_n than_o to_o be_v draw_v upon_o a_o wall_n and_o the_o decree_n be_v to_o have_v no_o picture_n in_o church_n but_o if_o they_o be_v in_o frames_n or_o upon_o veil_n will_v they_o not_o be_v in_o church_n still_o what_o make_v epiphanius_n then_o so_o angry_a at_o see_v a_o image_n upon_o a_o veil_n at_o anablatha_n hierosolym_n be_v not_o heathen_a idolatry_n forget_v enough_o yet_o it_o seem_v not_o for_o it_o be_v come_v in_o again_o under_o other_o pretence_n but_o that_o good_a man_n spirit_n be_v stir_v within_o he_o at_o the_o apprehension_n of_o it_o and_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_a till_o he_o have_v rend_v asunder_o the_o veil_n and_o write_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n to_o prevent_v the_o like_a enormity_n one_o will_v have_v think_v by_o this_o time_n the_o jealousy_n of_o offence_n may_v have_v be_v wear_v out_o the_o heathen_a idolatry_n be_v suppress_v but_o yet_o it_o seem_v epiphanius_n do_v not_o understand_v his_o christian_a liberty_n in_o this_o matter_n nay_o so_o far_o from_o it_o that_o he_o plain_o and_o positive_o affirm_v that_o such_o a_o image_n though_o upon_o a_o veil_n and_o not_o the_o wall_n be_v contra_fw-la autoritatem_fw-la scripturarum_fw-la contra_fw-la religionem_fw-la nostram_fw-la against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o christian_a religion_n but_o it_o may_v be_v this_o be_v some_o heathen_a idol_n or_o image_n of_o a_o false_a god_n no_o so_o far_o from_o it_o that_o epiphanius_n can_v not_o tell_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o image_n of_o christ_n or_o of_o some_o saint_n but_o this_o he_o can_v tell_v that_o he_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v against_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o be_v epiphanius_n so_o great_a a_o dunce_n to_o imagine_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a in_o itself_o and_o apply_v to_o a_o due_a object_n of_o worship_n shall_v be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n man_n may_v talk_v of_o the_o father_n and_o magnify_v the_o father_n and_o seem_v to_o make_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n next_o to_o infallible_a and_o yet_o there_o be_v none_o who_o expose_v they_o more_o to_o contempt_n than_o they_o who_o give_v such_o answer_n as_o these_o so_o direct_o against_o the_o plain_a sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o their_o word_n i_o confess_v those_o speak_v more_o consonant_o to_o their_o principle_n who_o reject_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o epistle_n at_o least_o of_o this_o part_n of_o it_o but_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n or_o pretence_n for_o it_o from_o any_o m_o s._n and_o petavius_n ingenuous_o confess_v that_o he_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o believe_v this_o part_n add_v to_o the_o former_a epistle_n god_n be_v thank_v there_o be_v some_o little_a ingenuity_n yet_o leave_v in_o the_o world_n and_o which_o be_v the_o great_a wonder_n among_o the_o jesuit_n too_o for_o not_o only_a petavius_n but_o sirmondus_n own_v the_o epistle_n of_o epiphanius_n to_o be_v genuine_a 616._o quote_v it_o to_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o veil_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o church_n if_o it_o be_v good_a for_o that_o purpose_n it_o be_v i_o be_o sure_a as_o good_a for_o we_o and_o so_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v by_o those_o who_o be_v no_o iconoclast_n i_o mean_v the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n 6._o and_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n who_o make_v use_v of_o this_o testimony_n although_o themselves_o be_v against_o rend_v of_o paint_a veil_n but_o commend_v i_o to_o the_o plain_a honesty_n of_o john_n damascen_n 1._o who_o say_v one_o swallow_n make_v no_o summer_n and_o of_o alphonsus_n à _fw-fr castro_n 572._o who_o tell_v we_o that_o epiphanius_n be_v a_o iconoclast_n i._n e._n a_o terrible_a heretic_n with_o a_o hard_a name_n material_o so_o but_o not_o formal_o because_o the_o church_n have_v not_o determine_v the_o contrary_n it_o seem_v it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o the_o law_n or_o christian_a religion_n have_v determine_v for_o those_o be_v the_o thing_n epiphanius_n take_v for_o his_o ground_n but_o he_o good_a man_n be_v a_o little_a too_o hot_a in_o this_o matter_n and_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o when_o the_o pagan_a idolatry_n be_v sufficient_o out_o of_o man_n mind_n than_o it_o will_v be_v very_o lawful_a to_o have_v christ_n or_o saint_n not_o only_o draw_v upon_o veil_n or_o screen_n but_o to_o have_v just_a such_o statue_n as_o the_o pagan_n have_v and_o to_o give_v they_o the_o very_a same_o worship_n which_o the_o prototype_n deserve_v provide_v that_o the_o people_n have_v forget_v mercury_n apollo_n and_o hercules_n and_o put_v s._n francis_n or_o s._n ignatius_n or_o s._n christopher_n or_o s._n thomas_n beckett_n instead_o of_o they_o o_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o name_n
compare_v to_o good_a hezekiah_n and_o so_o very_o learned_o he_o fall_v to_o the_o commend_v the_o brazen_a serpent_n and_o inveigh_v against_o that_o insolent_a king_n that_o break_v it_o in_o piece_n be_v not_o this_o a_o hopeful_a piece_n of_o infallibility_n after_o this_o our_o learned_a historian_n say_v 55._o the_o pope_n declare_v he_o not_o only_o a_o heretic_n but_o a_o heresiarch_n for_o what_o i_o beseech_v he_o for_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n as_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n that_o his_o predecessor_n gregory_n have_v be_v of_o but_o see_v how_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v in_o a_o hundred_o year_n in_o my_o mind_n the_o emperor_n leo_n ask_v a_o very_a pertinent_a question_n of_o the_o pope_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o six_o general_a council_n never_o say_v a_o word_n of_o image_n if_o they_o be_v such_o necessary_a thing_n and_o the_o pope_n make_v as_o impertinent_a a_o answer_n and_o why_o say_v the_o pope_n do_v they_o say_v nothing_o of_o eat_v and_o drink_v 2._o it_o seem_v image_n in_o his_o opinion_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o religion_n as_o meat_n and_o drink_n to_o our_o body_n for_o he_o say_v the_o father_n carry_v their_o image_n to_o council_n with_o they_o and_o travel_v with_o they_o and_o i_o suppose_v sleep_v with_o they_o too_o as_o child_n do_v with_o their_o baby_n 5._o the_o artifices_fw-la and_o method_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v whereby_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 6._o be_v advance_v and_o defend_v for_o be_v destitute_a of_o any_o colour_n from_o scripture_n reason_n or_o antiquity_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v use_n of_o other_o mean_n to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o these_o such_o as_o 1._o represent_v their_o adversary_n to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n which_o be_v do_v to_o purpose_n in_o the_o five_o action_n of_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n labb_n the_o demolish_n of_o image_n be_v condemn_v in_o serenus_n by_o gregory_n as_o a_o act_n only_o of_o intemperate_a zeal_n and_o indiscretion_n but_o now_o it_o be_v become_v heresy_n worse_o than_o heresy_n judaism_n samaritanism_n manichaism_n nay_o worse_o than_o all_o these_o this_o tarasius_n offer_v to_o prove_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o action_n from_o s._n cyril_n he_o compare_v they_o with_o nabuchadnezzar_n who_o destroy_v the_o cherubin_n from_o simeon_n stylites_n to_o the_o samaritan_n and_o john_n the_o pretend_a vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a bishop_n say_v the_o samaritan_n be_v worse_o than_o other_o heretic_n therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v samaritan_n and_o constantinus_n bishop_n of_o constantia_n in_o cyprus_n say_v they_o be_v worse_o than_o samaritan_n 349._o afterward_o the_o same_o john_n say_v see_v how_o clear_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o accuser_n of_o christian_n in_o this_o matter_n of_o image_n be_v partaker_n with_o nebuchadonosor_n and_o samaritan_n 383._o and_o jew_n and_o gentile_n and_o manichee_n and_o those_o who_o deny_v that_o christ_n be_v come_v in_o the_o flesh._n why_o what_o be_v the_o matter_n what_o article_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n have_v they_o deny_v what_o have_v they_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o be_v circumcise_v no_o but_o worse_a be_v christian_n they_o call_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n idolatry_n o_o dangerous_a heresy_n and_o horrible_a blasphemy_n but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o consider_v a_o little_a the_o account_n which_o tarasius_n desire_v john_n to_o give_v the_o council_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o most_o detestable_a heresy_n 386._o viz._n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o solyman_n caliph_n of_o the_o arab_n homar_n succeed_v he_o after_o who_o follow_v ezid_v or_o jezid_v a_o vain_a man_n in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v at_o tiberias_n one_o sarantapechys_n a_o leader_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o a_o magician_n who_o promise_v long_a life_n to_o the_o chaliph_n on_o condition_n he_o will_v do_v what_o he_o will_v have_v he_o which_o he_o present_o undertake_v with_o great_a promise_n of_o reward_n to_o he_o then_o the_o jew_n require_v a_o edict_n for_o the_o demolish_n and_o deface_v all_o the_o image_n in_o the_o christian_a church_n which_o be_v according_o execute_v by_o the_o jew_n and_o arab_n the_o news_n of_o which_o excite_v the_o bishop_n of_o nacolia_fw-la and_o those_o about_o he_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o jezid_v live_v not_o above_o two_o year_n and_o a_o half_a after_o and_o his_o son_n ulid_v destroy_v this_o jew_n and_o the_o image_n be_v again_o restore_v this_o be_v the_o story_n tell_v and_o approve_v in_o the_o council_n but_o zonaras_n say_v 84._o they_o be_v two_o jew_n who_o persuade_v jezid_v to_o publish_v his_o edict_n against_o image_n and_o that_o he_o die_v within_o the_o year_n and_o that_o his_o son_n seek_v to_o punish_v they_o they_o be_v flee_v into_o isauria_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o leo_n then_o a_o young_a man_n to_o who_o they_o foretell_v the_o empire_n and_o make_v he_o promise_v they_o that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v he_o will_v do_v one_o thing_n for_o they_o which_o one_o thing_n prove_v to_o be_v the_o destruction_n of_o image_n and_o they_o challenge_v their_o promise_n when_o he_o be_v now_o emperor_n give_v the_o occasion_n to_o the_o terrible_a persecution_n of_o image_n cedrenus_n say_v 450._o that_o a_o few_o year_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o leo_n some_o jew_n of_o laodicea_n in_o phoenicia_n go_v to_o jezid_v and_o obtain_v the_o edict_n against_o image_n and_o then_o he_o tell_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o story_n as_o zonaras_n do_v theophanes_n say_v 336._o it_o be_v but_o one_o jew_n of_o laodicea_n and_o that_o jezid_v die_v before_o the_o edict_n be_v publish_v in_o all_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o say_v this_o be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o leo._n constantinus_n manasses_n and_o michael_n glycas_n only_o mention_v the_o jew_n foretell_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o 281._o and_o put_v he_o upon_o the_o destruction_n of_o image_n without_o the_o other_o circumstance_n let_v the_o reader_n now_o judge_v whether_o this_o be_v not_o a_o probable_a story_n and_o purposely_o invent_v to_o cast_v the_o odium_fw-la of_o reject_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n on_o the_o jew_n and_o saracen_n as_o though_o it_o can_v never_o have_v come_v from_o any_o christian._n it_o be_v one_o jew_n say_v the_o vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a bishop_n they_o be_v two_o jew_n or_o more_o say_v the_o greek_a historian_n it_o be_v a_o jew_n of_o tiberias_n say_v john_n no_o say_v cedrenus_n they_o be_v two_o jew_n of_o laodicea_n but_o one_o say_v theophanes_n these_o jew_n meet_v with_o leo_n when_o he_o be_v a_o young_a man_n and_o foretell_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o say_v zonaras_n manasses_n and_o glycas_n but_o a_o few_o year_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o leo_n say_v cedrenus_n nay_o say_v theophanes_n it_o be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o leo_n in_o the_o eight_o say_v baronius_n 21._o for_o jozid_n do_v not_o reign_v before_o be_v there_o ever_o a_o more_o consistent_a story_n than_o this_o but_o the_o author_n of_o the_o late_a history_n of_o the_o iconoclast_n 33._o think_v he_o have_v find_v out_o a_o salvo_fw-la for_o these_o contradiction_n for_o he_o make_v two_o several_a edict_n under_o two_o jezid_n that_o be_v chaliphs_n the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o jew_n about_o a._n d._n 686._o who_o be_v the_o man_n that_o foretell_v the_o empire_n to_o leo_n and_o the_o other_o of_o sarantapechys_n to_o jezid_v the_o second_o in_o the_o time_n of_o leo_n this_o he_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o french_a author_n as_o he_o have_v do_v all_o his_o quotation_n and_o i_o much_o question_n by_o his_o manner_n of_o cite_v they_o whether_o he_o ever_o see_v the_o book_n he_o quote_v in_o his_o life_n but_o this_o be_v say_v without_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o proof_n for_o no_o one_o of_o all_o the_o historian_n ever_o mention_v two_o edict_n of_o the_o several_a jezid_n but_o all_o pretend_v to_o tell_v the_o very_a same_o story_n and_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o two_o jew_n who_o foretell_v the_o empire_n to_o leo_n a._n d._n 686._o shall_v come_v to_o constantinople_n to_o leo_n after_o a._n d._n 723._o when_o leo_n begin_v to_o oppose_v image_n mere_o with_o a_o design_n to_o extirpate_v image_n without_o propose_v any_o other_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o by_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o greek_a historian_n say_v credat_fw-la judaeus_fw-la they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n that_o know_v how_o to_o improve_v such_o a_o advantage_n to_o better_a purpose_n and_o their_o zeal_n against_o image_n be_v never_o so_o great_a as_o the_o love_n of_o their_o own_o profit_n but_o our_o english_a historian_n be_v not_o content_a with_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o greek_n but_o
believe_v lie_n some_o must_v be_v first_o give_v up_o to_o tell_v they_o and_o if_o this_o doughty_a historian_n have_v any_o honour_n or_o conscience_n leave_v he_o ought_v to_o beg_v her_o majesty_n pardon_n for_o offer_v such_o a_o affront_n to_o she_o but_o what_o have_v queen_n mary_n deserve_v at_o his_o hand_n that_o in_o his_o key_n to_o his_o history_n he_o shall_v compare_v she_o to_o the_o empress_n irene_n 21._o 4._o by_o pretend_v to_o antiquity_n this_o may_v just_o be_v wonder_v at_o in_o so_o clear_a evidence_n to_o the_o contrary_a as_o i_o have_v make_v to_o appear_v in_o this_o matter_n but_o however_o among_o the_o ignorant_a and_o superstitious_a multitude_n the_o very_a pretend_v to_o it_o go_v a_o great_a way_n thus_o the_o patriarch_n germanus_n boast_v of_o father_n and_o council_n for_o image-worship_n to_o the_o emperor_n leo_n damascen_n but_o what_o father_n or_o council_n do_v the_o age_a patriarch_n mean_a why_o do_v he_o not_o name_n and_o produce_v they_o to_o stop_v the_o emperor_n proceed_n against_o image_n baronius_n confess_v 6._o there_o be_v no_o council_n which_o have_v approve_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n by_o any_o canon_n but_o because_o they_o never_o condemn_v it_o be_v constant_o practise_v it_o be_v sufficient_a all_o the_o mischief_n be_v this_o constant_a practice_n be_v as_o far_o from_o be_v prove_v as_o the_o definition_n of_o council_n if_o the_o picture_n christ_n send_v to_o abgarus_n king_n of_o edessa_n or_o those_o draw_v by_o s._n luke_n or_o the_o forge_a canon_n of_o the_o council_n of_o antioch_n or_o the_o counterfeit_a authority_n of_o s._n athanasius_n about_o the_o image_n at_o berytus_n if_o such_o evidence_n as_o these_o will_v do_v the_o business_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o autiquity_n on_o their_o side_n but_o if_o we_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o these_o they_o will_v call_v we_o heretic_n or_o it_o may_v be_v samaritan_n sectary_n and_o that_o be_v all_o we_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o this_o matter_n 5._o the_o council_n of_o nice_a have_v a_o trick_n beyond_o this_o viz._n burn_v or_o suppress_v all_o the_o write_n that_o be_v against_o they_o the_o pope_n deputy_n in_o the_o five_o action_n make_v the_o motion_n 387._o which_o be_v receive_v and_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o council_n 9_o and_o they_o make_v a_o canon_n to_o that_o purpose_n that_o all_o write_n against_o image_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n under_o pain_n of_o anathema_n if_o a_o laic_a or_o deposition_n if_o in_o order_n and_o this_o without_o any_o limitation_n as_o to_o author_n or_o time_n and_o there_o to_o be_v dispose_v of_o among_o heretical_a book_n so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v so_o much_o evidence_n shall_v yet_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o matter_n of_o argument_n for_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n produce_v in_o this_o age_n 7._o i_o must_v 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sense_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a publish_v by_o morellius_n and_o fronto_n ducaeus_n go_v far_o for_o he_o say_v 737._o that_o no_o image_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o god_n and_o if_o any_o man_n go_v about_o it_o he_o be_v to_o suffer_v death_n as_o a_o pagan_a by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o council_n the_o make_v any_o image_n of_o god_n be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o part_n of_o heathen_a idolatry_n but_o when_o a_o breach_n be_v once_o make_v the_o water_n do_v not_o stop_v just_a at_o the_o mark_n which_o the_o first_o maker_n of_o the_o breach_n design_v other_o man_n think_v they_o have_v as_o much_o reason_n to_o go_v a_o little_a far_o as_o they_o have_v to_o go_v thus_o far_o thence_o by_o degree_n the_o image_n of_o god_n the_o father_n and_o the_o holy_a trinity_n come_v into_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o the_o make_n of_o these_o image_n defend_v upon_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o they_o as_o plausible_a as_o 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church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o nicolaus_n 1_o but_o bellarmin_n 8._o suarez_n and_o other_o produce_v a_o argument_n for_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o they_o from_o the_o general_a practice_n of_o their_o church_n which_o they_o say_v will_v not_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o universal_a custom_n if_o such_o image_n have_v be_v unlawful_a bernardus_n pujol_n professor_n of_o divinity_n in_o perpignan_n say_v 252._o not_o only_o that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n be_v universal_o receive_v among_o catholic_n but_o that_o they_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n and_o do_v suppose_v the_o use_n of_o they_o as_o a_o thing_n certain_a and_o undoubted_a and_o say_v that_o such_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v for_o say_v he_o as_o the_o mind_n be_v
burn_v incense_n and_o light_n before_o they_o which_o be_v as_o great_a testimony_n of_o worship_n as_o be_v ever_o use_v by_o the_o gross_a and_o most_o sottish_a idolater_n i_o may_v rather_o say_v there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n between_o they_o and_o their_o image_n that_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n between_o such_o worship_n and_o the_o reverence_n of_o holy_a thing_n 2._o that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a do_v put_v a_o difference_n between_o these_o thing_n for_o however_o to_o blind_v the_o business_n as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v they_o put_v they_o together_o in_o the_o definition_n yet_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o ground_n on_o which_o it_o establish_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n be_v such_o as_o refer_v to_o the_o thing_n represent_v by_o they_o and_o not_o any_o sacred_a use_n of_o they_o and_o those_o express_v in_o the_o very_a same_o definition_n 555._o for_o say_v they_o they_o honour_v of_o the_o image_n pass_v to_o the_o prototype_n and_o he_o that_o worship_v the_o image_n do_v in_o that_o worship_n the_o thing_n represent_v by_o which_o they_o lie_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n upon_o a_o thing_n peculiar_a to_o they_o and_o that_o do_v not_o hold_v for_o the_o other_o thing_n and_o this_o reason_n here_o assign_v run_v through_o all_o the_o several_a discourse_n in_o that_o synod_n of_o hadrian_n theodorus_n tarasius_n germanus_n leontius_n and_o epiphanius_n and_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n be_v assign_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n it_o be_v observe_v out_o of_o s._n augustin_n 10._o that_o the_o most_o sacred_a thing_n be_v only_o capable_a of_o honour_n honorem_fw-la tanquam_fw-la religiosa_fw-la possunt_fw-la habere_fw-la where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o element_n of_o the_o eucharist_n but_o tarasius_n in_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a pronounce_v they_o all_o guilty_a of_o hypocrisy_n who_o will_v only_o give_v honour_n and_o not_o worship_n to_o image_n 247._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o council_n determine_v more_o than_o mere_a reverence_n to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n 2._o that_o this_o worship_n which_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a determine_v be_v low_a than_o latria_n for_o so_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n that_o they_o only_o mean_v a_o honorary_a adoration_n and_o not_o true_a latria_n which_o be_v only_o due_a to_o god_n tarasius_n upon_o read_v pope_n hadrian_o epistle_n declare_v his_o consent_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n assert_v in_o it_o 127._o reserve_v latria_n and_o faith_n to_o god_n alone_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v constantinus_n bishop_n of_o constantia_n in_o cyprus_n upon_o read_v the_o epistle_n of_o theodorus_n 187._o who_o word_n i_o grant_v be_v mistake_v by_o the_o translator_n of_o the_o council_n into_o latin_a as_o appear_v by_o what_o he_o be_v charge_v with_o in_o the_o caroline_n book_n and_o his_o word_n in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n but_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v as_o t._n g._n will_v have_v it_o 145._o that_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n do_v mistake_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o nicene_n synod_n for_o the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n particular_o observe_v that_o in_o those_o word_n as_o translate_v he_o do_v contradict_v the_o say_n of_o the_o rest_n 17._o but_o that_o unaware_o he_o have_v betray_v that_o which_o the_o rest_n endeavour_v to_o conceal_v viz._n that_o they_o give_v the_o worship_n proper_a to_o god_n to_o image_n for_o however_o they_o deny_v it_o in_o word_n they_o do_v it_o in_o their_o action_n so_o epiphanius_n the_o deacon_n say_v 539._o that_o they_o often_o declare_v that_o they_o do_v not_o give_v latria_n to_o image_n thus_o we_o see_v what_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v as_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n 12._o 2._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o addition_n which_o have_v be_v make_v to_o this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n when_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o good_a catholic_n doctrine_n that_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o christ._n so_o thomas_n aquinas_n determine_v in_o several_a place_n which_o be_v collect_v by_o simon_n majolus_n and_o he_o go_v upon_o these_o ground_n 14._o 1._o because_o no_o irrational_a creature_n be_v capable_a of_o worship_n but_o with_o a_o respect_n to_o a_o rational_a be_v 2._o because_o image_n be_v worship_v on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o representation_n therefore_o say_v he_o they_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o worship_n with_o the_o thing_n represent_v 3._o because_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n towards_o a_o image_n 2._o as_o a_o image_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o motion_n towards_o the_o thing_n represent_v 4._o because_o the_o church_n in_o pray_v to_o the_o cross_n speak_v to_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v christ_n himself_o o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la but_o how_o can_v this_o doctrine_n be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a 3._o which_o determine_v express_o contrary_a estius_n say_v that_o s._n thomas_n never_o see_v this_o definition_n of_o the_o council_n the_o same_o be_v say_v by_o catharinus_n and_o silvius_n for_o say_v catharinus_n 5._o if_o he_o have_v see_v it_o he_o will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o have_v reconcile_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n which_o show_v that_o he_o think_v it_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o from_o whence_o i_o argue_v that_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v not_o then_o receive_v in_o the_o western_a church_n for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v be_v it_o conceivable_a that_o so_o great_a a_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n as_o aquinas_n shall_v either_o not_o have_v see_v it_o or_o if_o he_o have_v see_v it_o shall_v have_v contradict_v the_o definition_n of_o it_o but_o aquinas_n be_v not_o the_o first_o who_o assert_v this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n for_o alex._n hales_n who_o be_v his_o master_n say_v as_o much_o in_o effect_n although_o he_o do_v not_o so_o open_o apply_v the_o term_n of_o latria_n to_o it_o 1â—_n yet_o put_v this_o question_n whether_o great_a worship_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o cross_n than_o to_o any_o man_n he_o determine_v it_o affirmative_o and_o distinguish_v between_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o image_n and_o a_o image_n have_v all_o its_o excellency_n from_o the_o object_n represent_v all_o the_o worship_n give_v to_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o prototype_n now_o say_v he_o man_n have_v a_o proper_a excellency_n can_v deserve_v no_o more_o than_o dulia_n and_o therefore_o the_o cross_n as_o it_o represent_v christ_n must_v have_v the_o worship_n of_o latria_n and_o it_o be_v considerable_a that_o alex._n hales_n as_o pitts_n say_v 1245._o write_v his_o sum_n by_o the_o command_n of_o pope_n innocent_a 4._o and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alex_n 4._o it_o be_v examine_v by_o seventy_o divine_n and_o approve_v and_o recommend_v to_o be_v teach_v in_o all_o university_n card._n bonaventure_n determine_v it_o roundly_o 2._o that_o as_o christ_n himself_o from_o his_o union_n to_o the_o divinity_n be_v worship_v with_o latria_n so_o be_v the_o image_n of_o christ_n as_o it_o represent_v he_o and_o conclude_v thus_o proptereà _fw-la imagini_fw-la christi_fw-la debet_fw-la cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la rich._n de_fw-fr media_fw-la villa_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o century_n 2._o assert_v the_o same_o doctrine_n and_o when_o durandus_fw-la oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o thomas_n on_o this_o ground_n because_o the_o image_n and_o prototype_n be_v two_o distinct_a thing_n and_o therefore_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o exemplar_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o image_n however_o consider_v as_o a_o image_n and_o so_o the_o worship_n be_v to_o the_o exemplar_n can_v not_o be_v give_v to_o the_o image_n yet_o he_o confess_v the_o other_o be_v the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n 3_o which_o be_v defend_v against_o durandus_fw-la by_o paludanus_n and_o capreolus_n marsilius_n ab_fw-la ingen_n speak_v his_o mind_n free_o in_o this_o matter_n say_v that_o the_o cross_n as_o a_o sign_n represent_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n and_o as_o a_o medium_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v adore_v with_o latria_n and_o for_o this_o he_o appeal_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la auge_n piis_fw-la justitiam_fw-la reisque_fw-la dona_fw-la veniam_fw-la which_o three_o thing_n he_o say_v do_v proper_o belong_v to_o god_n and_o therefore_o say_v he_o it_o be_v proper_o the_o worship_n of_o latria_n which_o the_o church_n do_v give_v to_o the_o cross_n as_o a_o sign_n jacobus_n almain_n declare_v 5._o that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o worship_n that_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v because_o
the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o wisdom_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o idol_n 15._o viz._n that_o father_n have_v lose_v their_o child_n make_v image_n of_o they_o and_o appoint_v solemnity_n to_o be_v keep_v before_o they_o as_o if_o they_o be_v god_n then_o by_o degree_n prince_n pass_v these_o thing_n into_o law_n and_o make_v man_n to_o worship_v grave_v image_n and_o thus_o either_o out_o of_o affection_n or_o flattery_n the_o worship_n of_o idol_n begin_v where_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o make_v the_o representation_n of_o person_n that_o be_v real_o in_o be_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o idol_n and_o he_o distinguish_v the_o bring_n in_o of_o idol_n from_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o element_n etc._n or_o heavenly_a body_n and_o he_o think_v these_o much_o more_o excusable_a than_o those_o who_o worship_n the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o he_o there_o elegant_o describe_v but_o he_o still_o suppose_v these_o idol_n to_o have_v the_o resemblance_n either_o of_o man_n or_o some_o live_a creature_n 14._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n diophantus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o fulgentius_n 1._o say_v that_o syrophane_v the_o egyptian_a be_v great_o afflict_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o son_n make_v a_o image_n of_o he_o and_o all_o his_o servant_n to_o please_v he_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o adorn_v this_o image_n and_o some_o when_o they_o have_v offend_v run_v to_o it_o as_o a_o sanctuary_n from_o hence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o worship_n of_o idol_n and_o eutychius_n give_v the_o like_a account_n of_o the_o original_a of_o idol_n 56._o that_o when_o a_o great_a man_n be_v dead_a they_o set_v up_o his_o image_n on_o his_o sepulchre_n from_o whence_o the_o world_n be_v fill_v with_o idol_n i.e._n with_o image_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n this_o he_o think_v begin_v among_o the_o chaldean_n and_o egyptian_n but_o herodotus_n say_v the_o egyptian_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v image_n of_o their_o god_n 2._o lucian_n syr._n that_o they_o borrow_v this_o custom_n from_o the_o assyrian_n epiphanius_n make_v the_o beginning_n of_o idolatry_n to_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o seruch_n 8._o but_o he_o say_v that_o it_o go_v no_o far_a than_o to_o picture_n in_o his_o time_n and_o come_v to_o image_n and_o statue_n in_o the_o time_n of_o nahor_n cedrenus_n say_v 45._o that_o seruch_n and_o his_o companion_n make_v statue_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o those_o who_o have_v do_v any_o famous_a action_n which_o their_o posterity_n misunderstanding_n worship_v they_o as_o go_n thus_o far_o we_o find_v that_o the_o first_o idol_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o representation_n of_o thing_n that_o have_v real_a being_n the_o only_a people_n that_o can_v be_v suspect_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o scripture_n as_o those_o who_o have_v such_o idol_n as_o be_v representation_n of_o what_o have_v no_o real_a being_n must_v be_v the_o phoenician_n and_o egyptian_n who_o beside_o the_o worship_n of_o beast_n and_o the_o image_n of_o they_o have_v many_o extravagant_a image_n sanchoniathon_n say_v taautus_n make_v the_o image_n in_o phoenicia_n with_o wing_n saturn_n with_o four_o 39_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n with_o two_o and_o dagon_n and_o atergatis_n or_o derceto_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o image_n whereof_o the_o upper_a part_n be_v of_o humane_a shape_n and_o the_o low_a of_o a_o fish_n among_o the_o egyptian_n one_o of_o their_o image_n have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o ram_n and_o another_o of_o a_o dog_n etc._n etc._n if_o these_o be_v the_o idol_n t.g._n think_v be_v prohibit_v in_o the_o second_o commandment_n i_o desire_v he_o to_o consider_v 1._o whether_o the_o image_n of_o humane_a shape_n be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n equal_o with_o these_o or_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v such_o image_n as_o do_v represent_v real_a being_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o worship_v those_o image_n that_o be_v only_a chimaera_n and_o fancy_n of_o man_n brain_n if_o not_o this_o distinction_n serve_v to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o to_o make_v this_o more_o plain_a i_o ask_v t._n g._n whether_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o worship_n god_n among_o the_o egyptian_n under_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o image_n with_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o head_n of_o a_o hawk_n which_o be_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v just_a like_o it_o but_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v he_o with_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n as_o eusebius_n say_v 11._o that_o oneph_n or_o the_o creator_n of_o the_o world_n be_v worship_v under_o such_o a_o representation_n among_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o image_n be_v among_o the_o egyptian_n and_o according_a to_o t._n g.'s_n notion_n one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o idol_n and_o the_o other_o not_o but_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o man_n of_o common_a understanding_n to_o suppose_v that_o god_n by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n have_v forbid_v the_o one_o and_o not_o the_o other_o when_o both_o be_v intend_v to_o represent_v the_o same_o be_v but_o according_a to_o this_o sense_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o thebais_n of_o who_o plutarch_n say_v 357._o that_o they_o only_o worship_v oneph_n the_o immortal_a god_n or_o the_o creator_n under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n be_v altogether_o as_o innocent_a as_o those_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o worship_n god_n under_o a_o like_a representation_n and_o can_v it_o enter_v into_o t._n g.'s_n head_n that_o god_n shall_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o commandment_n allow_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o be_v receive_v among_o the_o egyptian_n but_o if_o this_o be_v condemn_v in_o they_o then_o if_o the_o second_o commandment_n be_v in_o force_n the_o like_a worship_n must_v be_v condemn_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 2._o that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n to_o be_v make_v between_o such_o image_n as_o have_v no_o real_a resemblance_n in_o nature_n and_o such_o image_n which_o represent_v that_o which_o have_v no_o real_a be_v for_o although_o the_o phoenician_n and_o egyptian_a image_n have_v nothing_o in_o nature_n which_o answer_v to_o their_o figure_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v something_o which_o answer_v their_o representation_n i._n e._n they_o be_v only_o symbolical_a image_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o symbol_n be_v understand_v there_o be_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o worship_n between_o these_o and_o other_o image_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o sphinx_n be_v one_o of_o those_o image_n which_o t._n g._n will_v have_v to_o be_v understand_v for_o a_o idol_n in_o the_o second_o commandment_n suppose_v then_o that_o i_o allow_v he_o as_o a_o sphinx_n be_v paint_v among_o the_o egyptian_n with_o wing_n and_o the_o face_n a_o man_n and_o the_o body_n of_o a_o lion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v agreeable_a to_o it_o yet_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n say_v 5._o that_o their_o design_n be_v to_o represent_v hereby_o that_o god_n be_v both_o to_o be_v love_v and_o fear_v now_o this_o image_n do_v symbolical_o represent_v a_o real_a object_n of_o worship_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o idol_n even_o in_o t._n g.'s_n sense_n so_o kircher_n say_v 3._o one_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o common_a image_n of_o the_o egyptian_n be_v a_o wing_a globe_n with_o a_o serpent_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o by_o the_o globe_n say_v he_o they_o represent_v the_o divine_a nature_n by_o the_o serpent_n the_o spread_a of_o life_n and_o by_o the_o wing_n the_o spirit_n of_o the_o world_n here_o be_v a_o image_n that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v correspondent_a to_o it_o and_o yet_o it_o represent_v the_o infinite_a nature_n and_o power_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n sometime_o say_v he_o they_o represent_v providence_n by_o a_o sceptre_n with_o a_o dog_n head_n within_o a_o semicircle_n by_o which_o and_o innumerable_a other_o way_n they_o represent_v the_o hide_a mystery_n of_o the_o divine_a be_v and_o they_o think_v this_o symbolical_a way_n most_o please_v to_o god_n and_o be_v certain_o far_a from_o that_o danger_n which_o t._n g._n think_v to_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o image_n viz._n make_v man_n anthropomorphites_n to_o avoid_v which_o the_o egyptian_n general_o mix_v the_o figure_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n together_o not_o so_o much_o to_o show_v the_o communion_n of_o nature_n as_o porphyry_n imagine_v 4._o as_o that_o these_o be_v mere_a symbolical_a image_n and_o not_o intend_v for_o any_o proper_a likeness_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o t._n g.'s_n principle_n those_o which_o he_o call_v idol_n be_v
those_o be_v either_o from_o scripture_n or_o father_n 1._o from_o scripture_n 155._o where_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o forsake_v god_n deut._n 32.15_o 16_o 17_o 18._o as_o though_o the_o israelite_n commit_v no_o idolatry_n in_o the_o wilderness_n but_o that_o of_o the_o golden_a calf_n whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o they_o worship_v baal_n peor_n moloch_n and_o remphan_n of_o which_o a_o black_a character_n be_v give_v than_o of_o the_o other_o but_o the_o psalmist_n say_v that_o in_o worship_v the_o calf_n they_o do_v forget_v god_n psal._n 106.19_o 20_o 21._o and_o be_v not_o that_o forget_v the_o god_n that_o appear_v with_o such_o a_o terrible_a majesty_n on_o mount_n sinai_n to_o turn_v his_o glory_n into_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o ox_n that_o eat_v grass_n but_o in_o the_o expression_n of_o scripture_n to_o forget_v god_n be_v to_o disobey_v he_o 14.6.12_o beware_v that_o thou_o forget_v not_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n in_o not_o keep_v his_o commandment_n and_o his_o judgement_n and_o his_o statute_n which_o i_o command_v thou_o this_o day_n and_o be_v not_o this_o forget_v god_n in_o this_o sense_n so_o open_o to_o break_v one_o of_o the_o law_n he_o have_v so_o late_o give_v they_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o come_v near_a the_o matter_n be_v the_o expression_n of_o s._n stephen_n that_o our_o father_n will_v not_o obey_v but_o thrust_v he_o from_o they_o that_o be_v the_o true_a god_n say_v t._n g._n whereas_o the_o word_n be_v plain_o mean_v of_o moses_n and_o in_o their_o heart_n turn_v back_o again_o into_o egypt_n say_v 7.39.40_o make_v we_o god_n to_o go_v before_o we_o which_o relate_v not_o to_o the_o object_n but_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_n by_o such_o a_o symbol_n of_o worship_n as_o be_v in_o great_a veneration_n among_o all_o the_o egyptian_n this_o be_v the_o force_n of_o all_o that_o he_o bring_v out_o of_o the_o scripture_n 2._o from_o they_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o father_n p._n and_o he_o quote_v two_o passage_n of_o s._n athanasius_n and_o s._n hierome_n and_o a_o doubtful_a place_n of_o s._n chrysostom_n to_o his_o purpose_n this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n i_o have_v find_v t._n g._n cite_v the_o father_n true_o and_o pertinent_o and_o it_o be_v too_o hard_a deal_n with_o he_o not_o to_o allow_v he_o these_o testimony_n especial_o about_o the_o exposition_n of_o a_o place_n of_o scripture_n wherein_o their_o best_a commentator_n take_v so_o much_o liberty_n of_o recede_v from_o they_o when_o they_o apprehend_v the_o scope_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o place_n do_v enforce_v another_o sense_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v at_o large_a concern_v this_o and_o to_o these_o father_n i_o shall_v oppose_v the_o testimony_n of_o other_o who_o make_v the_o egyptian_a ox_n to_o be_v only_o a_o symbolical_a representation_n of_o the_o patriarch_n joseph_n and_o say_v that_o on_o this_o account_n the_o israelite_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o golden_a calf_n so_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n de_fw-fr mirabilibus_fw-la s._n script_n in_o s._n augustins_n work_n as_o good_a a_o author_n as_o the_o homilist_n de_fw-fr poenit._n 15._o who_o he_o quote_v under_o s._n chrys._n name_n say_v that_o the_o egyptian_n set_v up_o the_o image_n of_o a_o ox_n by_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o joseph_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o israelite_n make_v choice_n of_o that_o similitude_n when_o they_o make_v a_o idol_n in_o the_o wilderness_n julius_n firmicus_n maternus_n say_v that_o the_o neocori_n do_v preserve_v in_o egypt_n the_o image_n of_o joseph_n by_o which_o he_o understand_v apis_n or_o the_o sacred_a bull_n the_o same_o be_v affirm_v by_o rufinus_n and_o suidas_n 〈◊〉_d from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o symbol_n take_v up_o in_o egypt_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o service_n of_o joseph_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a that_o the_o israelite_n shall_v look_v on_o the_o image_n itself_o as_o so_o powerful_a a_o thing_n as_o the_o testimony_n of_o athanasius_n and_o s._n chrysostom_n imply_v to_o be_v able_a even_o before_o it_o be_v make_v to_o deliver_v they_o out_o of_o egypt_n which_o be_v such_o a_o horrible_a contradiction_n that_o we_o have_v need_v to_o have_v better_a testimony_n than_o those_o to_o make_v we_o think_v the_o israelite_n such_o sot_n to_o believe_v it_o but_o if_o it_o be_v only_o look_v on_o as_o a_o symbol_n of_o god_n presence_n this_o give_v a_o probable_a account_n why_o the_o israelite_n shall_v make_v choice_n of_o this_o before_o any_o other_o of_o the_o egyptian_n image_n because_o by_o it_o the_o kindness_n of_o joseph_n who_o by_o moses_n be_v compare_v to_o a_o young_a ox_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v remember_v by_o they_o but_o 33.17_o 2._o we_o be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o suppose_v that_o the_o israelite_n do_v revolt_v to_o the_o egyptian_a idolatry_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o golden_a calf_n 15._o that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n under_o this_o symbol_n for_o if_o the_o egyptian_n themselves_o do_v worship_v the_o supreme_a god_n under_o symbolical_a representation_n of_o he_o then_o although_o the_o israelite_n may_v return_v with_o their_o heart_n into_o egypt_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o the_o golden_a calf_n plutarch_n 15._o who_o discourse_v large_o concern_v the_o egyptian_a worship_n say_v that_o the_o golden_a bull_n be_v the_o image_n of_o osiris_n which_o be_v show_v for_o four_o day_n together_o from_o the_o seventeen_o of_o the_o month_n athir_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a practice_n in_o egypt_n to_o have_v golden_a image_n effigy_n sacri_fw-la nitet_fw-la aurea_fw-la cercopitheci_fw-la wherein_o lucian_n say_v tragoed_n the_o barbarous_a nation_n do_v exceed_v the_o greek_n who_o make_v their_o image_n of_o wood_n or_o ivory_n or_o stone_n for_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o image_n of_o their_o god_n among_o the_o egyptian_n those_o image_n and_o representation_n which_o be_v in_o their_o temple_n or_o place_n of_o worship_n and_o those_o which_o they_o account_v the_o live_a image_n of_o their_o god_n viz._n beast_n such_o as_o the_o two_o famous_a bull_n apis_n and_o mnevis_n the_o one_o at_o memphis_n the_o other_o at_o heliopolis_n both_o in_o honour_n of_o osiris_n which_o place_n be_v as_o the_o dan_n and_o bethel_n of_o egypt_n 60._o memphis_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o upper_a heliopolis_n of_o the_o low_a egypt_n wherein_o the_o israelite_n live_v and_o see_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o sacred_a bull_n of_o heliopolis_n plutarch_n say_v the_o egyptian_n look_v on_o apis_n as_o the_o image_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o osiris_n diodorus_n say_v 76._o that_o they_o look_v on_o the_o soul_n of_o osiris_n as_o pass_v by_o transmigration_n into_o apis_n from_o which_o doctrine_n the_o worship_n of_o beast_n be_v not_o only_o entertain_v in_o egypt_n but_o be_v so_o in_o the_o east_n indies_n to_o this_o day_n in_o which_o case_n the_o beast_n be_v only_o the_o material_a object_n of_o worship_n but_o the_o formal_a reason_n be_v the_o presence_n of_o some_o divine_a soul_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v there_o which_o on_o their_o supposition_n ought_v to_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n as_o the_o element_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n on_o a_o supposition_n more_o extravagant_a viz._n of_o transubstantiation_n but_o whether_o the_o worship_n of_o animal_n come_v into_o egypt_n from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o transmigration_n or_o from_o their_o usefulness_n or_o from_o some_o politic_a reason_n which_o be_v mention_v both_o by_o plutarch_n and_o diodorus_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o plutarch_n think_v their_o wise_a man_n do_v not_o worship_v the_o animal_n themselves_o but_o look_v on_o they_o only_o as_o representation_n of_o some_o divine_a perfection_n which_o they_o discern_v in_o they_o and_o on_o that_o account_n give_v worship_n to_o they_o 382._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d those_o person_n ought_v to_o be_v most_o esteem_v who_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o animal_n themselves_o but_o through_o they_o do_v worship_v the_o deity_n and_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o clear_a and_o more_o natural_a representation_n of_o god_n than_o inanimate_a thing_n and_o we_o ought_v to_o esteem_v they_o as_o the_o workmanship_n and_o instrument_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o god_n that_o order_v all_o thing_n and_o there_o be_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o what_o have_v a_o soul_n and_o sense_n be_v better_a than_o that_o which_o have_v none_o viz._n a_o image_n and_o the_o divine_a nature_n be_v not_o see_v in_o colour_n and_o figure_n and_o smooth_a superficies_n which_o be_v worse_a than_o dead_a creature_n for_o these_o
respect_n to_o those_o who_o he_o utter_o disow_v nay_o the_o prophet_n hosea_n say_v 9_o that_o god_n be_v still_o the_o holy_a one_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o ephraim_n and_o how_o shall_v i_o give_v thou_o up_o ephraim_n how_o shall_v i_o deliver_v thou_o israel_n which_o show_v god_n have_v not_o yet_o discard_v they_o and_o afterward_o he_o say_v to_o israel_n 14.1_o return_v unto_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o amos_n say_v 4.12.8.2_o prepare_v to_o meet_v thy_o god_n o_o israel_n and_o both_o he_o and_o micah_n 3._o call_v they_o still_o god_n people_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o be_v still_o a_o true_a church_n notwithstanding_o the_o idolatry_n of_o jeroboam_fw-la 2._o suppose_v a_o church_n to_o continue_v a_o true_a church_n what_o reason_n can_v there_o be_v to_o question_v the_o authority_n of_o that_o church_n as_o to_o the_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n or_o the_o ordination_n of_o priest_n i_o have_v former_o show_v that_o no_o act_n of_o ordination_n be_v invalid_a in_o case_n of_o any_o heresy_n or_o crime_n of_o the_o giver_n sin_n and_o that_o the_o contrary_a doctrine_n be_v condemn_v for_o heresy_n by_o the_o church_n i_o now_o shall_v particular_o show_v that_o the_o power_n of_o give_v order_n be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o the_o guilt_n of_o idolatry_n which_o i_o prove_v from_o the_o case_n of_o the_o arian_n bishop_n i_o have_v at_o large_a make_v it_o manifest_v 17._o that_o the_o arian_n be_v condemn_v for_o idolatry_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o father_n of_o great_a reputation_n s._n athanasius_n s._n basil_n s._n gregory_n nazianzen_n nyssen_n epiphanius_n s._n chrysostom_n s._n ambrose_n s._n augustin_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o second_o nicene_n council_n say_v 411._o that_o the_o catholic_n church_n look_v on_o they_o as_o idolater_n now_o if_o i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o arian_n ordination_n be_v allow_v i_o shall_v put_v this_o matter_n past_o dispute_n that_o the_o charge_n of_o idolatry_n do_v not_o null_a the_o ordination_n of_o our_o church_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o those_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n for_o this_o purpose_n the_o second_o nicene_n council_n afford_v we_o plentiful_a assistance_n in_o the_o first_o session_n wherein_o peter_n the_o pope_n vicar_n declare_v that_o meletius_n be_v ordain_v by_o arian_n bishop_n 82._o and_o yet_o his_o ordination_n be_v never_o question_v and_o this_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o council_n as_o true_a epiphanius_n socrates_n and_o sozomon_n all_o agree_v 28._o that_o meletius_n receive_v his_o consecration_n from_o the_o arian_n faction_n and_o epiphanius_n say_v he_o have_v it_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o acacius_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n the_o worst_a of_o all_o the_o arian_n say_v baronius_n 52._o socrates_n and_o sozomen_n do_v seem_v to_o imply_v that_o the_o follower_n of_o eustathius_n at_o antioch_n will_v not_o join_v with_o meletius_n and_o his_o party_n though_o both_o consent_n in_o the_o nicene_n creed_n because_o of_o his_o ordination_n by_o the_o arian_n faction_n and_o the_o people_n be_v baptize_v by_o arian_n priest_n but_o theodoret_n mention_n no_o such_o thing_n 31._o and_o say_v the_o first_o breach_n begin_v there_o when_o meletius_n be_v banish_v by_o the_o arian_n party_n and_o euzoius_n the_o arian_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o antioch_n and_o baronius_n make_v the_o schism_n to_o begin_v from_o the_o ordination_n of_o paulinus_n by_o lucifer_n caralitanus_n 31._o however_o this_o be_v we_o never_o find_v the_o ordination_n of_o meletius_n dispute_v by_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n and_o when_o s._n athanasius_n write_v a_o synodical_a epistle_n to_o those_o of_o antioch_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n among_o they_o upon_o the_o ordination_n of_o paulinus_n he_o give_v this_o direction_n to_o the_o other_o catholic_n christians_o concern_v meletius_n his_o party_n who_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n be_v call_v be_v in_o the_o old_a city_n which_o the_o interpreter_n of_o athanasius_n render_v in_o veteris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la communione_fw-la that_o they_o shall_v receive_v those_o who_o come_v to_o they_o from_o the_o arian_n without_o require_v any_o more_o from_o they_o 575._o than_o the_o renounce_n arianism_n and_o subscribe_v or_o own_v the_o nicene_n creed_n whereby_o the_o arian_n baptism_n and_o order_n be_v allow_v but_o we_o have_v a_o full_a testimony_n of_o the_o general_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n of_o that_o age_n as_o to_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o arian_n ordination_n ruffinus_n say_v 28._o that_o when_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n be_v return_v from_o banishment_n several_a of_o they_o meet_v together_o at_o alexandria_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o those_o who_o have_v receive_v order_n from_o the_o arian_n bishop_n and_o after_o consultation_n about_o it_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o council_n that_o only_o the_o head_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v be_v reject_v but_o other_o receive_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o priestly_a office_n upon_o which_o asterius_n be_v dispatch_v into_o the_o eastern_a part_n to_o settle_v the_o church_n there_o and_o eusebius_n into_o the_o western_a but_o he_o return_v to_o antioch_n find_v that_o lucifer_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v break_v his_o promise_n in_o the_o consecration_n of_o paulinus_n and_o eusebius_n therefore_o will_v not_o own_v he_o as_o bishop_n which_o so_o enrage_v lucifer_n that_o he_o quarrel_v with_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a council_n about_o receive_v the_o arian_n bishop_n and_o priest_n upon_o disow_v their_o heresy_n and_o so_o the_o luciferian_a schism_n begin_v for_o the_o follower_n of_o lucifer_n charge_v the_o catholic_n church_n with_o be_v the_o synagogue_n of_o antichrist_n for_o receive_v the_o arian_n bishop_n as_o appear_v by_o s._n hierom_n init_fw-la for_o they_o yield_v to_o the_o receive_v the_o penitent_a laity_n but_o not_o the_o clergy_n allow_v the_o arian_n baptism_n but_o not_o their_o ordination_n upon_o which_o s._n hierom_n triumph_v over_o they_o and_o he_o say_v that_o eight_o arian_n bishop_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a although_o their_o arianism_n be_v declare_v before_o and_o that_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a council_n be_v universal_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n which_o be_v as_o ample_a a_o testimony_n to_o our_o purpose_n as_o can_v be_v desire_v 3._o next_o to_o contradiction_n t._n g._n charge_v i_o with_o maintain_v strange_a paradox_n which_o he_o put_v into_o the_o title_n of_o one_o of_o his_o chapter_n in_o these_o word_n 76._o a_o strange_a paradox_n advance_v by_o dr._n st._n what_o can_v a_o image_n do_v to_o the_o heighten_v of_o devotion_n or_o raise_v affection_n not_o find_v myself_o to_o be_v any_o great_a lover_n of_o paradox_n but_o of_o plain_a and_o useful_a truth_n i_o be_v the_o more_o curious_a to_o find_v out_o what_o paradox_n it_o be_v i_o have_v broach_v and_o search_v for_o the_o place_n i_o find_v these_o word_n and_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v there_o shall_v be_v great_a irreverence_n of_o god_n show_v in_o call_v he_o to_o witness_v upon_o every_o slight_a occasion_n than_o there_o be_v in_o bow_v down_o before_o a_o block_n or_o a_o hew_a stone_n represent_v god_n to_o my_o mind_n by_o it_o what_o can_v such_o a_o image_n do_v to_o the_o heighten_v of_o devotion_n or_o raise_v affection_n this_o be_v the_o monstrous_a paradox_n advance_v by_o i_o viz._n that_o such_o a_o gross_a representation_n of_o god_n by_o a_o image_n do_v tend_v more_o to_o abate_v than_o raise_v our_o estimation_n of_o he_o which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o paradox_n that_o i_o have_v herein_o the_o consent_n not_o only_o of_o the_o ancient_a father_n but_o of_o the_o great_a patron_n of_o image_n in_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a church_n till_o the_o latter_a time_n as_o i_o have_v show_v already_o but_o t._n g._n set_v himself_o very_o industrious_o to_o prove_v that_o picture_n have_v a_o advantage_n in_o representation_n above_o live_a creature_n 90._o which_o he_o do_v with_o great_a force_n of_o wit_n and_o strength_n of_o reason_n because_o lady_n sit_v sometime_o to_o make_v madonna_n be_v by_o for_o their_o picture_n and_o author_n picture_n be_v set_v before_o their_o book_n it_o be_v pity_n we_o want_v our_o author_n on_o so_o just_a a_o occasion_n and_o man_n keep_v the_o picture_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o sign-post_n be_v very_o useful_a in_o london_n street_n and_o may_v suggest_v many_o good_a meditation_n to_o man_n as_o the_o three_o nun_n or_o the_o like_a but_o to_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v the_o way_n to_o undo_v the_o company_n of_o picture-drawer_n which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a unkindness_n to_o all_o ingenious_a artist_n but_o the_o most_o dismal_a consequence_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v that_o the_o lady_n
be_v none_o to_o understand_a man_n but_o only_o to_o the_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a people_n that_o can_v so_o easy_o apprehend_v god_n in_o his_o creature_n as_o in_o a_o image_n and_o withal_o it_o will_v savour_v of_o heathen_a superstition_n but_o it_o be_v well_o they_o will_v consider_v the_o answer_n they_o give_v we_o in_o this_o case_n when_o we_o urge_v the_o same_o argument_n against_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n hold_v say_v they_o 15._o a_o mere_a scandal_n be_v no_o reason_n to_o take_v away_o the_o use_n of_o a_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n through_o the_o malice_n or_o ignorance_n of_o the_o person_n so_o that_o in_o this_o case_n nothing_o be_v want_v but_o well_o instruct_v the_o people_n and_o upon_o their_o principle_n of_o worship_n they_o may_v revive_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o host_n of_o heaven_n the_o fire_n and_o water_n and_o tree_n and_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o it_o be_v but_o conquer_a a_o little_a squeamishness_n of_o stomach_n at_o first_o the_o very_a tail_n of_o the_o ass_n on_o which_o our_o saviour_n ride_v will_v go_v down_o with_o they_o and_o now_o i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v which_o of_o we_o two_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o great_a paradox_n i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a rock_n of_o offence_n the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a 6._o which_o he_o say_v 118._o i_o most_o irreverent_o call_v that_o wise_a synod_n upon_o which_o he_o fall_v into_o a_o very_a tragical_a exclamation_n that_o i_o shall_v dare_v to_o reflect_v so_o much_o dishonour_n on_o a_o council_n wherein_o there_o be_v 350._o 119._o father_n with_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o the_o vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a patriarchal_a see_v and_o yet_o himself_o call_v the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n a_o conventicle_n wherein_o there_o be_v 338._o bishop_n and_o do_v he_o think_v the_o number_n of_o twelve_o more_o in_o one_o than_o in_o the_o other_o make_v such_o a_o huge_a difference_n in_o point_n of_o wisdom_n but_o the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n say_v 13._o that_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n they_o be_v but_o 306._o and_o the_o council_n of_o francford_n which_o oppose_v this_o and_o of_o which_o t._n g._n speak_v not_o very_o honourable_o as_o i_o shall_v make_v appear_v consist_v of_o about_o 100l_n bishop_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o their_o own_o writer_n so_o that_o if_o number_n carry_v it_o i_o have_v above_o 600._o bishop_n of_o my_o side_n and_o if_o they_o be_v wise_a the_o nicene_n council_n be_v not_o so_o it_o be_v therefore_o in_o t._n g_n choice_n to_o call_v 300._o or_o 600._o bishop_n fool_n but_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o fault_n that_o do_v not_o excuse_v i_o for_o speak_v so_o ironical_o of_o so_o lawful_a so_o general_a so_o judicious_a a_o council_n as_o that_o at_o nice_n be_v and_o therefore_o he_o advise_v i_o to_o recant_v and_o to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o gregory_n of_o neocaelarea_n i_o hope_v he_o do_v not_o mean_a in_o the_o way_n of_o s._n german_a although_o one_o of_o that_o name_n be_v a_o great_a patron_n of_o image_n about_o that_o time_n but_o if_o this_o council_n be_v neither_o so_o lawful_a so_o general_a nor_o so_o judicious_a as_o t._n g._n pretend_v for_o all_o that_o i_o know_v the_o rector_n of_o a_o parochial_a church_n never_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o list_n of_o any_o general_a council_n which_o be_v a_o shrewd_a aggravation_n of_o my_o fault_n may_v have_v leave_n to_o call_v the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a a_o wise_a synod_n 1._o i_o shall_v inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o lawful_a general_n council_n and_o so_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n there_o be_v three_o thing_n t._n g._n insist_o on_o to_o make_v this_o out_o 1._o that_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o pope_n authority_n which_o he_o know_v we_o deny_v to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o lawful_a general_n council_n for_o then_o every_o assembly_n of_o bishop_n at_o rome_n call_v by_o the_o pope_n will_v be_v a_o general_n council_n 2._o the_o consent_n and_o presence_n of_o the_o patriarch_n 3._o that_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v as_o such_o by_o the_o church_n but_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v just_a such_o another_o general_n council_n as_o that_o of_o trent_n be_v and_o manage_v with_o as_o much_o fraud_n and_o collusion_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o receive_v by_o the_o church_n as_o a_o general_n council_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o presence_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o patriarch_n this_o council_n in_o their_o synodical_a epistle_n boast_v that_o they_o have_v the_o concurrence_n of_o east_n 586._o west_n north_n and_o south_n which_o be_v such_o a_o extravagance_n that_o no_o sober_a man_n will_v have_v be_v guilty_a of_o that_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o truth_n or_o honesty_n or_o do_v in_o the_o least_o consider_v the_o state_n of_o the_o world_n at_o that_o time_n the_o western_a bishop_n be_v never_o so_o much_o as_o summon_v the_o patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v dead_a the_o eastern_a patriarch_n and_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n be_v neither_o in_o condition_n to_o appear_v themselves_o nor_o to_o send_v legate_n thither_o which_o baronius_n ingenuous_o confess_v 40._o because_o aaron_n who_o be_v then_o chaliph_n of_o the_o saracen_n be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o christian_n under_o who_o dominion_n at_o that_o time_n they_o be_v although_o christianus_n lupus_n 1210._o a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o louvain_n make_v he_o a_o great_a friend_n to_o the_o christian_n in_o egypt_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o baronius_n but_o to_o the_o synodical_a epistle_n the_o two_o monk_n carry_v to_o the_o council_n from_o the_o monk_n of_o palestine_n and_o be_v read_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o council_n theophanes_n say_v 333._o that_o the_o empress_n and_o patriarch_n both_o send_v to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n and_o antioch_n while_o the_o peace_n continue_v but_o soon_o after_o upon_o aaron_n be_v be_v make_v chaliph_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v and_o there_o be_v no_o liberty_n for_o the_o patriarch_n either_o to_o go_v or_o send_v but_o do_v we_o not_o read_v in_o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n that_o john_n appear_v and_o subscribe_v as_o vicar_n of_o the_o oriental_a patriarch_n and_o thomas_n as_o vicar_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n very_o true_a but_o baronius_n give_v a_o excellent_a account_n of_o this_o notorious_a cheat_n the_o legate_n that_o be_v send_v to_o the_o patriarch_n do_v never_o arrive_v at_o antioch_n or_o alexandria_n but_o come_v into_o palestine_n they_o there_o understand_v what_o a_o grievous_a persecution_n the_o christian_n suffer_v under_o the_o new_a chaliph_n and_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v discover_v what_o errand_n they_o go_v upon_o it_o will_v not_o only_o hazard_v their_o own_o life_n but_o of_o all_o the_o christian_n of_o those_o part_n therefore_o they_o forbear_v go_v any_o far_a and_o acquaint_v the_o monk_n of_o palestine_n with_o their_o design_n who_o meet_v together_o and_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o send_v these_o two_o john_n and_o thomas_n as_o the_o legate_n of_o the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n and_o alexandria_n for_o theodorus_n patriarch_n of_o jerusalem_n be_v late_o dead_a and_o these_o two_o be_v the_o goodly_a vicar_n of_o the_o patriarchal_a she_fw-mi be_fw-mi which_o sit_v and_o subscribe_v in_o their_o name_n in_o this_o most_o ecumenical_a council_n and_o pass_v in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o it_o for_o the_o legate_n of_o the_o oriental_a patriarch_n 558._o for_o they_o subscribe_v themselves_o legate_n of_o the_o three_o apostolical_a see_v alexandria_n antioch_n and_o jerusalem_n and_o yet_o the_o summons_n never_o come_v to_o either_o of_o the_o patriarch_n but_o they_o be_v in_o truth_n only_o the_o plenipotentiary_n monk_n of_o the_o patriarchal_a monk_n of_o palestine_n so_o both_o baronius_n and_o binius_fw-la confess_v they_o be_v only_o the_o monk_n that_o send_v they_o and_o they_o call_v themselves_o eremite_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o epistle_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o act_n of_o that_o council_n they_o pass_v for_o very_o great_a man_n of_o the_o east_n 190._o and_o euthymius_n bishop_n of_o sardis_n call_v they_o the_o patriarch_n of_o the_o east_n and_o epiphanius_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o letter_n be_v send_v by_o the_o very_a same_o to_o who_o tarasius_n direct_v his_o when_o the_o very_a letter_n themselves_o which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o council_n show_v that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n and_o alexandria_n be_v never_o consult_v with_o and_o yet_o christianus_n lupus_n in_o his_o late_a note_n on_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o general_a council_n 1109._o very_o fair_o tell_v a_o formal_a story_n of_o
but_o it_o may_v be_v t._n g._n think_v to_o escape_v by_o say_v that_o when_o he_o say_v a_o image_n be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v a_o idol_n he_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o of_o a_o image_n of_o god_n but_o when_o the_o image_n itself_o be_v take_v for_o god_n which_o evasion_n can_v do_v he_o no_o service_n for_o 1._o he_o grant_v that_o image_n which_o be_v make_v for_o likeness_n of_o god_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o infinite_a disparagement_n to_o the_o divine_a nature_n 2._o i_o have_v at_o large_a show_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n image_n of_o god_n and_o christ_n be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n and_o 3._o that_o the_o very_a heathen_n do_v not_o take_v the_o image_n themselves_o for_o go_n â—1_n 4._o the_o place_n he_o answer_v isa._n 40.18_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o divinity_n be_v therefore_o condemn_v because_o nothing_o can_v be_v make_v like_o unto_o god_n but_o of_o that_o afterward_o let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o lxx_o have_v particular_a reason_n to_o render_v pesel_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o commandment_n 3._o yet_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o mere_a figment_n for_o worship_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o proper_o so_o natural_o so_o necessary_o signify_v a_o figment_n that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o sense_n i_o see_v t._n g._n make_v only_o use_v of_o good_a catholic_n lexicon_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o call_v catholicon_n which_o erasmus_n be_v so_o pleasant_a with_o that_o assure_v he_o what_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o use_n of_o it_o by_o profane_a and_o heretical_a author_n thus_o simulachrum_fw-la must_v signify_v only_o heathen_a image_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o sphinx_n a_o triton_n or_o centaur_n and_o why_o so_o do_v it_o always_o signify_v so_o do_v all_o greek_a author_n use_v it_o only_o in_o that_o sense_n do_v the_o etymology_n of_o it_o imply_v it_o no_o none_o of_o all_o these_o what_o then_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o a_o word_n shall_v be_v so_o restrain_v against_o the_o former_a and_o common_a acception_n of_o it_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a for_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o representation_n of_o real_a being_n then_o for_o all_o that_o we_o know_v the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n or_o of_o the_o b._n virgin_n or_o of_o any_o other_o worship_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n may_v prove_v idol_n and_o therefore_o this_o must_v be_v the_o sense_n because_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n this_o be_v the_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n but_o it_o be_v too_o great_a truth_n to_o be_v own_v only_o bellarmin_n who_o often_o speak_v free_o than_o the_o rest_n confess_v 5._o their_o design_n herein_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o image_n worship_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v idol_n because_o they_o be_v representation_n of_o real_a being_n a_o very_a miserable_a shift_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o examination_n of_o it_o let_v we_o therefore_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o pretence_n from_o the_o use_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o word_n for_o restrain_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o idol_n to_o a_o imaginary_a representation_n and_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o t._n g_n opinion_n that_o by_o the_o best_a enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o real_o be_v so_o hesychius_n interpret_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o old_a greek_a and_o latin_a glossary_n render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o simulachrum_fw-la by_o each_o other_o and_o notwithstanding_o t._n g_n severity_n against_o i_o for_o translate_n simulachra_fw-la image_n i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v from_o some_o of_o the_o most_o authentic_a writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o they_o do_v not_o scruple_n call_v such_o image_n as_o they_o worship_v simulacra_fw-la i_o leave_v t._n g._n then_o to_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v not_o idol_n too_o isidore_n make_v idolum_fw-la to_o be_v proper_o simulachrum_fw-la quod_fw-la humana_fw-la effigy_n factum_fw-la &_o consecratum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o image_n make_v and_o consecrate_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n as_o plutarch_n call_v the_o image_n of_o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d syllae_fw-la and_o porphyry_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o life_n of_o plotinus_n when_o amelius_n desire_v a_o picture_n of_o he_o he_o answer_v be_v it_o not_o enough_o to_o carry_v such_o a_o idolum_fw-la about_o i_o but_o i_o must_v leave_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o image_n of_o a_o image_n so_o we_o find_v idolum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o chaldaic_a oracle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o psellus_n observe_v 53._o that_o according_a to_o the_o platonist_n the_o mind_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o the_o rational_a soul_n the_o image_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o irrational_a the_o image_n of_o the_o rational_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o irrational_a soul_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o image_n of_o nature_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n but_o isidore_n apply_v idolum_fw-la to_o a_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n suppose_v not_o only_a representation_n but_o consecration_n to_o be_v necessary_a to_o it_o wherein_o he_o follow_v tertullian_n 4._o who_o speak_v of_o the_o create_a being_n that_n be_v worship_v say_v eorum_fw-la imagine_v idola_fw-la imaginum_fw-la consecratio_fw-la idololatria_fw-la their_o image_n be_v idol_n and_o the_o consecration_n of_o they_o be_v idolatry_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o say_v that_o all_o service_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v idolatry_n 3._o and_o every_o representation_n be_v a_o idol_n omnis_fw-la forma_fw-la vel_fw-la formula_fw-la idolum_fw-la se_fw-la dici_fw-la exposcit_fw-la for_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o form_n or_o representation_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o as_o the_o greek_a etymologist_n think_v it_o come_v immediate_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o resemble_v among_o the_o philosopher_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n convey_v to_o our_o sight_n so_o diogenes_n laertius_n say_v that_o democritus_n hold_v vision_n to_o be_v perform_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o incursion_n of_o image_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v plutarch_n 14._o empedocles_n say_v he_o join_v ray_n to_o the_o image_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o democritus_n and_o epicurus_n say_v that_o reflection_n in_o a_o glass_n be_v perform_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o subsistence_n of_o the_o image_n cicero_n lucretius_n and_o s._n augustin_n render_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o imagine_v catius_n the_o epicurean_a call_v they_o spectra_fw-la macrobius_n simulacra_fw-la 14._o but_o all_o of_o they_o understand_v the_o most_o proper_a representation_n of_o thing_n to_o our_o sight_n which_o epicurus_n be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v that_o they_o represent_v thing_n that_o be_v not_o that_o he_o make_v they_o infallible_a criteria_fw-la of_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n the_o poet_n and_o some_o other_o author_n make_v use_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o signify_v spectres_n and_o apparition_n but_o still_o they_o suppose_v these_o to_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o some_o real_a being_n so_o homer_n call_v the_o soul_n of_o elpenor_n that_o appear_v to_o ulysses_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 83._o but_o eustathius_n there_o observe_v that_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v exact_o like_o the_o person_n they_o represent_v as_o to_o age_n stature_n habit_n and_o every_o thing_n and_o so_o homer_n himself_o express_v it_o say_v that_o apollo_n make_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o representation_n of_o aeneas_n 450._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o minerva_n make_v a_o representation_n of_o iphthima_n 796._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o very_a poetical_a use_n of_o the_o word_n for_o a_o spectre_n do_v imply_v a_o exact_a resemblance_n to_o some_o real_a be_v which_o it_o represent_v from_o whence_o then_o have_v this_o signification_n of_o a_o idol_n come_v into_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o it_o must_v signify_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v not_o but_o from_o whenceoever_o it_o come_v we_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v neither_o from_o the_o natural_a importance_n nor_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n among_o greek_a author_n 2._o not_o from_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o scripture_n 4._o