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art_n with_o some_o fellow_n of_o the_o r._n s._n who_o i_o find_v too_o much_o aim_v at_o their_o peculiar_a advantage_n therefore_o i_o resolve_v to_o appear_v on_o the_o public_a stage_n in_o print_n nevertheless_o the_o description_n be_v a_o little_a veil_v though_o it_o be_v what_o i_o think_v convenient_a to_o publish_v as_o for_o my_o style_n i_o understand_v not_o how_o to_o express_v my_o sentence_n in_o topical_a syllogism_n or_o sophistical_a rhetoric_n if_o you_o meet_v with_o a_o plain_a method_n downright_o reason_v and_o matter_n of_o purpose_n it_o be_v what_o i_o aim_v at_o i_o know_v my_o method_n differ_v much_o from_o other_o writer_n i_o write_v the_o truth_n to_o the_o best_a of_o my_o knowledge_n and_o value_v not_o carpel_n and_o in_o spite_n of_o envy_n i_o presume_v to_o declare_v that_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v but_o few_o mariner_n in_o england_n that_o understand_v how_o to_o keep_v a_o account_n of_o a_o ship_n way_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o i_o have_v do_v or_o may_v do_v and_o if_o i_o know_v more_o than_o other_o it_o be_v by_o divine_a authority_n by_o industry_n and_o experience_n by_o a_o inborn_a idea_n and_o instinct_n in_o nature_n it_o be_v ordain_v for_o i_o by_o god_n almighty_a from_o my_o mother_n be_v womb._n my_o knowledge_n in_o the_o mathematics_n be_v but_o little_a therefore_o i_o dare_v not_o compare_v myself_o to_o the_o learned_a dr._n wallis_n and_o many_o other_o who_o have_v write_v large_a volume_n of_o geometry_n algebra_n and_o cubick_a aequation_n brother_n tar_n there_o have_v be_v in_o england_n many_o pretender_n to_o the_o longitude_n and_o some_o have_v write_v concern_v it_o if_o thou_o have_v this_o small_a treatise_n by_o thou_o thou_o may_v find_v more_o in_o it_o fit_a for_o thy_o purpose_n and_o perusal_n then_o in_o any_o former_a book_n of_o this_o nature_n there_o have_v be_v many_o person_n when_o they_o have_v attain_v some_o knowledge_n in_o cosmography_n and_o accidental_o think_v on_o some_o of_o the_o way_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n believe_v they_o have_v find_v the_o longitude_n and_o trouble_v their_o brain_n to_o little_a purpose_n therefore_o this_o book_n be_v very_o convenient_a to_o ease_v their_o brain_n from_o such_o burden_n because_o it_o contain_v all_o the_o most_o note_a way_n and_o fundamental_a principle_n whereby_o the_o most_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n have_v endeavour_v to_o find_v the_o longitude_n and_o whereas_o you_o may_v think_v that_o this_o book_n do_v not_o whole_o inform_v you_o of_o any_o practical_a method_n for_o find_v the_o longitude_n yet_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o the_o say_a science_n will_v become_v practicable_a in_o few_o year_n and_o already_o be_v to_o the_o ingenious_a but_o not_o to_o the_o ignorant_a till_o than_o i_o advise_v you_o due_o to_o consider_v the_o five_o chapter_n in_o this_o book_n concern_v magnetic_a variation_n which_o if_o you_o understand_v well_o you_o have_v gain_v a_o science_n that_o for_o seamen_n practice_n be_v little_a inferior_a to_o the_o longitude_n how_o the_o world_n may_v esteem_v of_o this_o book_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o safeguard_v or_o mean_n to_o save_v many_o a_o ship_n from_o be_v wreck_v ashore_o and_o save_v many_o a_o seaman_n life_n some_o blockhead_n be_v apt_a to_o say_v the_o longitude_n can_v be_v find_v no_o no_o it_o can_v accidental_o as_o a_o sow_n do_v a_o t_o d_o in_o the_o street_n but_o by_o care_n diligence_n and_o industry_n it_o may_v be_v find_v without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v though_o we_o have_v be_v at_o the_o dutch_a for_o hydrographical_a and_o geographical_a draught_n let_v we_o not_o go_v the_o to_o french_a to_o learn_v their_o use_n but_o why_o
they_o be_v careful_a in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o navigation_n it_o very_o often_o happen_v that_o one_o error_n correct_v another_o as_o for_o example_n suppose_v we_o err_v 4_o or_o 5_o minute_n in_o the_o lattitude_n 2_o or_o 3_o minute_n in_o the_o sun_n r._n a._n or_o dec._n in_o the_o day_n time_n 3_o or_o 4_o min._n in_o the_o star_n r._n a._n and_o about_o as_o many_o in_o its_o altitude_n it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o odds_o but_o these_o error_n if_o not_o much_o great_a will_v so_o help_v to_o correct_v one_o another_o that_o you_o will_v come_v very_o near_o the_o true_a time_n of_o the_o day_n or_o night_n and_o what_o blockhead_n will_v trust_v to_o one_o observation_n when_o he_o can_v have_v the_o mean_v of_o 6_o or_o 8_o observation_n i_o account_v he_o a_o ignorant_a observer_n that_o err_v above_o 10_o or_o 12_o second_n of_o time_n day_n or_o night_n trust_v not_o to_o mr._n seller_n colson_n norwood_n newton_n table_n of_o the_o sun_n r._n a._n for_o for_o they_o be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o this_o case_n in_o observe_v the_o time_n of_o the_o night_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o find_v the_o sun_n r._n a._n true_a for_o want_v of_o good_a table_n of_o the_o sun_n place_n and_o r._n asc_n table_n of_o the_o sun_n place_n and_o declination_n may_v serve_v with_o a_o little_a more_o trouble_n for_o example_n anno_fw-la 1696_o march_v the_o 19_o at_o 3_o h_o a.m._n 30°_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o our_o first_o meridian_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o sun_n r._n asc_n the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n place_n and_o dec._n in_o most_o book_n of_o navigation_n want_v correction_n mr._n parker_n ephemeris_fw-la for_o this_o year_n give_v the_o sun_n place_n at_o noon_n in_o our_o first_o meridian_n 9°_n 44′_n ♈_o ☉_o dec._n 3°_n 51′_n n._n but_o 30°_n to_o the_o westward_n the_o ☉_o place_n at_o noon_n will_v in_o 9°_n 49′_n ♈_o and_o the_o ☉_o dec._n 3°_n 53′_n n._n if_o you_o consider_v the_o diurnal_a difference_n of_o the_o ☉_o place_n and_o dec._n you_o will_v find_v his_o place_n at_o the_o time_n propose_v to_o be_v in_o 9°_n 27_o ♈_o ☉_o dec._n 3°_n 44′_n n._n then_o have_v the_o ☉_o present_z dec._n say_v as_o rad._n to_o tang._n comp._n 23°_n 29′_n ☉_o great_a declination_n so_o be_v the_o tang._n 3°_n 44′_n the_o present_a dec._n to_o the_o sine_fw-la 8°_n 38′_n the_o ☉_o r._n a._n from_fw-la ♈_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n propose_v but_o there_o be_v a_o ready_a way_n have_v find_v the_o ☉_o place_n vide_fw-la astr_n car._n tabula_fw-la ascensionum_fw-la rectarum_fw-la and_o against_o the_o ☉_o place_n be_v the_o ☉_o r._n ascention_n etc._n etc._n this_o example_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o add_v for_o seman_n instruction_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o objection_n that_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o moon_n motion_n be_v false_a it_o be_v not_o long_o ago_o since_o mr._n thomas_n street_n live_v among_o we_o who_o say_v as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o he_o be_v capable_a to_o perfect_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o moon_n motion_n so_o that_o her_o place_n may_v be_v as_o true_o find_v by_o calculation_n as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n if_o he_o have_v encouragement_n it_o be_v ten_o thousand_o pity_n he_o have_v not_o but_o such_o be_v our_o english_a ingratitude_n there_o be_v now_o live_v in_o england_n two_o man_n that_o i_o believe_v be_v capable_a to_o perfect_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o moon_n motion_n which_o if_o either_o of_o they_o will_v be_v please_v to_o undertake_v as_o also_o to_o furnish_v we_o with_o large_a map_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n such_o as_o dr._n sprat_n be_v please_v to_o mention_v hist_o r._n s._n p._n 190._o i_o may_v be_v capable_a to_o practise_v and_o instruct_v other_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o longitude_n at_o sea_n or_o the_o ingenious_a may_v put_v it_o to_o practice_n without_o my_o further_a assistance_n table_n of_o the_o moon_n place_n right_a ascension_n and_o declination_n will_v be_v please_v easie_n and_o more_o intelligible_a to_o our_o seaman_n if_o they_o be_v true_o calculate_v for_o noon_n or_o midnight_n in_o our_o first_o meridian_n but_o i_o think_v i_o can_v find_v as_o great_a objection_n as_o either_o of_o the_o former_a it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o contrive_v a_o instrument_n useful_a at_o sea_n for_o take_v the_o moon_n true_a distance_n from_o fix_a star_n for_o if_o you_o err_v but_o one_o minute_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o distance_n it_o will_v produce_v a_o error_n of_o about_o 28′_n in_o longitude_n and_o if_o the_o star_n place_n which_o you_o take_v your_o distance_n from_o happen_v to_o be_v one_o or_o two_o minute_n false_a the_o error_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o great_a also_o idleness_n be_v the_o root_n of_o ignorance_n and_o many_o other_o evil_n our_o mathematic_a schoolmaster_n that_o teach_v navigation_n most_o of_o their_o scholar_n when_o they_o come_v to_o sea_n be_v half_a to_o begin_v again_o a_o seaman_n have_v much_o nightwork_n as_o well_o as_o daywork_n it_o be_v convenient_a to_o go_v to_o school_n at_o night_n to_o learn_v to_o know_v the_o star_n how_o to_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o night_n by_o observation_n and_o how_o to_o find_v the_o moon_n place_n by_o observation_n i_o mean_v to_o practise_v it_o for_o example_n be_v best_a precept_n many_o able_a mathematician_n have_v write_v concern_v find_v the_o longitude_n by_o the_o moon_n eclipse_n concern_v which_o you_o may_v find_v many_o example_n in_o ph._n trans_fw-la of_o the_o royal_a society_n as_o also_o in_o a_o new_a system_fw-la of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o sir_n ionas_n more_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sphere_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o find_v the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o of_o the_o moon_n because_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n happen_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n all_o over_o the_o world_n but_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n appear_v various_a in_o the_o various_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o duration_n of_o a_o solar_a eclipse_n appear_v long_a in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o in_o other_o therefore_o the_o end_n of_o a_o solar_a eclipse_n happen_v not_o at_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n all_o over_o the_o world_n the_o superior_a planet_n suffer_v no_o eclipse_n when_o the_o earth_n come_v between_o they_o and_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o conical_a shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v reach_v they_o anno_fw-la 1688_o october_n the_o 14_o 12°_n 40′_n mer._n do_v west_n plain_a chart_n from_o the_o mauritius_n i_o observe_v the_o sun_n eclipse_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o eclipse_n the_o ☉_o alt_z 27°_n 35′_n ☉_o dec._n 12°_n 3′_n s._n lat._n 31°_n 6′_n s._n will_v give_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n 10_o h_o 33′_n 48″_n a._n m._n in_o our_o first_o meridian_n the_o end_n of_o the_o eclipse_n happen_v by_o some_o calculation_n at_o 7_o h_o 15′_n a._n m._n the_o difference_n be_v 3_o h_z 18′_n 48″_n convert_v into_o degree_n and_o minute_n give_v 49°_n 41′_n longitude_n east_n from_o our_o first_o meridian_n the_o penumbra_fw-la of_o the_o moon_n disk_n signify_v little_a or_o nothing_o astronomer_n make_v more_o ado_n about_o it_o then_o needs_o brother_n tar_n have_v a_o care_n of_o peep_v on_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o a_o telescope_n for_o endanger_v the_o eyesight_n as_o i_o know_v one_o captain_n norgrave_n do_v i_o will_v tell_v thou_o the_o best_a way_n i_o know_v for_o observe_v eclipse_n of_o sun_n or_o moon_n take_v a_o looking-glass_n set_v it_o before_o thou_o so_o that_o thou_o may_v see_v the_o sun_n or_o moon_n by_o reflection_n on_o the_o glass_n then_o with_o a_o perspective_n or_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n telescope_n look_v on_o the_o looking-glass_n for_o the_o sun_n etc._n etc._n or_o you_o may_v have_v smoke_v or_o red_a glass_n to_o save_v the_o eyesight_n that_o the_o longitude_n may_v be_v find_v by_o the_o moon_n eclipse_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o any_o know_a fix_a star_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o by_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n if_o mr._n halley_n be_v capable_a to_o observe_v the_o transit_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n and_o mercury_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n viz._n schema_fw-la solis_fw-la ad_fw-la ingressum_fw-la mercurii_n st._n helena_n anno_fw-la 1677_o octob._n 28_o 9_o h_o 26′_n 40″_n p._n m._n sure_o with_o ordinary_a telescope_n we_o may_v be_v capable_a to_o observe_v when_o a_o star_n begin_v to_o culminate_v and_o limerge_n in_o or_o near_o the_o moon_n disk_n of_o or_o concern_v longitude_n by_o the_o moon_n approach_v and_o apulse_n to_o fix_a star_n this_o some_o think_v will_v be_v the_o most_o