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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A14233 A discourse of the religion anciently professed by the Irish and Brittish. By Iames Vssher Archbishop of Armagh, and Primate of Ireland Ussher, James, 1581-1656. 1631 (1631) STC 24549; ESTC S118950 130,267 144

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shall_v leap_v as_o calf_n of_o the_o hear_v and_o job_n 20._o 15_o 16._o 〈◊〉_d the_o riches_n which_o he_o shall_v gather_v unjust_o shall_v be_v vomit_v out_o of_o his_o belly_n the_o angel_n of_o death_n draw_v he_o he_o shall_v be_v mulct_v with_o the_o wrath_n of_o dragon_n the_o tongue_n of_o the_o serpent_n shall_v kill_v he_o where_o the_o vulgar_a latin_a read_v viperae_fw-la the_o riches_n which_o he_o have_v devour_v he_o shall_v vomit_v out_o and_o god_n shall_v draw_v they_o forth_o out_o of_o his_o belly_n he_o shall_v suck_v the_o head_n of_o asp_n and_o the_o viper_n tongue_n shall_v kill_v he_o the_o same_o course_n be_v likewise_o observe_v by_o sedulius_n in_o his_o citation_n but_o gildas_n the_o briton_n in_o some_o book_n as_o deuteronomy_n isaiah_n and_o jeremy_n for_o example_n use_v to_o follow_v the_o vulgar_a latin_a translate_v out_o of_o the_o hebrew_n in_o other_o as_o the_o book_n of_o chronicle_n job_n proverb_n ezekiel_n and_o the_o small_a prophet_n 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that_o saint_n patrick_n do_v 16._o choose_v armagh_n for_o his_o seat_n and_o do_v appoint_v it_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o metropolitical_a see_v and_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o the_o primacy_n of_o all_o ireland_n yet_o do_v he_o affirm_v withal_o that_o in_o very_a deed_n 17._o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n in_o ireland_n but_o that_o bishop_n only_o do_v consecrate_v one_o another_o until_o johannes_n papirio_n or_o paparo_n the_o pope_n legate_n bring_v four_o pals_n thither_o whereupon_o some_o of_o our_o chronicler_n after_o he_o give_v this_o note_n concern_v gelasius_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n archbishop_n of_o armagh_n that_o 1174._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n because_o he_o use_v the_o first_o pall_n and_o that_o other_o before_o he_o be_v call_v archbishop_n and_o primate_fw-la in_o name_n only_o for_o the_o reverence_n of_o saint_n patrick_n as_o the_o apostle_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o indeed_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o complaint_n make_v by_o anselm_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o muriar_n dach_fw-mi king_n of_o ireland_n that_o 142._o bishop_n here_o be_v consecrate_v by_o bishop_n alone_o may_v somewhat_o justify_v the_o truth_n of_o giraldus_n his_o relation_n if_o we_o do_v not_o find_v a_o further_a complaint_n there_o also_o that_o they_o be_v often_o 147._o ordain_v by_o one_o bishop_n only_o but_o as_o this_o latter_a argue_v not_o the_o want_n of_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o land_n for_o as_o we_o shall_v hear_v present_o they_o have_v more_o than_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o such_o but_o a_o neglect_n of_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o canon_n provide_v by_o the_o nicence_n father_n in_o that_o behalf_n so_o can_v it_o not_o right_o be_v infer_v out_o of_o the_o former_a that_o we_o have_v no_o archbishop_n here_o at_o that_o time_n but_o that_o the_o bishop_n rather_o do_v fail_v much_o in_o the_o canonical_a
moon_n they_o follow_v the_o alexandrian_a cycle_n of_o xix_o year_n whence_o our_o golden_a number_n have_v his_o original_n as_o it_o be_v explain_v unto_o they_o by_o dionysius_n exiguus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o account_n that_o be_v still_o observe_v not_o only_o in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n but_o also_o among_o all_o the_o christian_n of_o greece_n russia_n asia_n egypt_n and_o aethiopia_n and_o be_v since_o the_o time_n that_o i_o myself_o be_v bear_v general_o receive_v in_o all_o christendom_n until_o the_o late_a change_n of_o the_o calendar_n be_v make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o xiii_o the_o the_o northern_a irish_a and_o scottish_a together_o with_o the_o pict_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o briton_n 2._o keep_v their_o easter_n upon_o the_o sunday_n that_o fall_v betwixt_o the_o xiiii_o and_o the_o xx._n day_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o follow_v in_o their_o account_n thereof_o not_o the_o xix_o year_n computation_n of_o anatolius_n 44._o but_o sulpicius_n severus_n his_o circle_n of_o lxxxiiii_o year_n for_o howsoever_o they_o extol_v anatolius_n 195._o for_o appoint_v as_o they_o suppose_v the_o bound_n of_o easter_n betwixt_o the_o xiiii_o and_o the_o xx._n day_n of_o the_o moon_n yet_o wilfride_n in_o the_o synod_n of_o strenshal_n charge_v they_o utter_o to_o have_v reject_v his_o cycle_n of_o xix_o year_n from_o which_o therefore_o cummianus_fw-la draw_v a_o argument_n against_o they_o that_o cottonian_n they_o can_v never_o come_v to_o the_o true_a account_n of_o easter_n who_o observe_v the_o cycle_n of_o lxxxiiii_o year_n to_o reduce_v the_o irish_a unto_o conformity_n with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o this_o point_n pope_n honorius_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n direct_v his_o letter_n unto_o they_o 19_o exhortintg_n they_o that_o they_o will_v not_o esteem_v their_o own_o paucity_n seat_v in_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o wise_a than_o the_o ancient_a or_o modern_a church_n of_o christ_n through_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o celebrate_v another_o easter_n contrary_a to_o the_o paschall_n computation_n and_o the_o synodall_n decree_v of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o short_o after_o the_o clergy_n of_o rome_n as_o we_o have_v say_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o severinus_n write_v other_o letter_n unto_o they_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n now_o where_o osullevan_n avouch_v that_o the_o common_a custom_n use_v by_o the_o church_n in_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o lord_n resurrection_n be_v always_o observe_v by_o the_o southern_a irish_a and_o now_o embrace_v also_o by_o the_o northern_a together_o with_o the_o pict_n and_o briton_n who_o receive_v the_o faith_n from_o irish_a doctor_n when_o they_o have_v knowledge_n give_v they_o of_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o all_o this_o according_a to_o his_o common_a wont_a he_o speak_v never_o a_o true_a word_n for_o neither_o do_v the_o southern_a irish_a always_o observe_v the_o celebration_n of_o easter_n common_o receive_v abroad_o neither_o do_v the_o northern_a irish_a nor_o the_o pict_n nor_o the_o briton_n many_o year_n after_o this_o admonition_n give_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n admit_v that_o observation_n among_o they_o to_o speak_v nothing_o of_o his_o folly_n in_o say_v that_o the_o briton_n receive_v the_o faith_n from_o the_o irish_a when_o the_o contrary_a be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o the_o irish_a rather_o receive_v the_o same_o from_o the_o follower_n briton_n that_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o celebrate_v the_o time_n of_o easter_n be_v not_o always_o observe_v by_o the_o southern_a irish_a may_v appear_v by_o those_o word_n of_o bede_n in_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o the_o three_o chapter_n porrò_fw-la gentes_fw-la scottorum_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o australibus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la partibus_fw-la morabantur_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la ad_fw-la admonitionem_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la antistitis_fw-la paschacanonico_n ritu_fw-la observare_fw-la didicerunt_fw-la for_o if_o as_o this_o place_n clear_o prove_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o scot_n that_o dwell_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o ireland_n do_v learn_v to_o observe_v easter_n after_o the_o canonical_a manner_n upon_o the_o admonition_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o before_o that_o admonition_n they_o do_v observe_v it_o after_o another_o manner_n the_o word_n jamdudum_fw-la which_o bede_n here_o use_v be_v take_v among_o author_n oftentimes_o in_o contrary_a sense_n either_o to_o signify_v a_o great_a while_n since_o or_o else_o but_o late_o or_o erewhile_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o must_v be_v here_o take_v if_o it_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o time_n wherein_o bede_n do_v write_v his_o book_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a also_o it_o may_v be_v take_v if_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n whereof_o he_o treat_v which_o be_v the_o more_o likely_a opinion_n namely_o to_o the_o come_n of_o bishop_n aidan_n into_o england_n which_o fall_v out_o about_o half_a a_o year_n after_o that_o honorius_n have_v send_v his_o admonitorie_a letter_n to_o the_o irish._n who_o as_o he_o be_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o rome_n we_o can_v read_v of_o that_o admonish_v they_o to_o reform_v their_o rite_n of_o keep_v the_o time_n of_o easter_n so_o that_o the_o irish_a also_o much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n conform_v themselves_o herein_o to_o the_o roman_a usage_n may_v thus_o be_v manifest_v when_o bishop_n aidan_n come_v into_o england_n from_o the_o island_n hylas_n now_o call_v y-columkille_a 5._o the_o college_n of_o monk_n there_o be_v govern_v by_o segenius_n who_o in_o the_o 19_o inscription_n of_o the_o epistle_n of_o the_o clergy_n of_o rome_n send_v unto_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v segianus_n now_o there_o be_v yet_o extant_a in_o sir_n robert_n cotton_v worthy_a library_n a_o epistle_n of_o cummianus_fw-la direct_v to_o this_o segienus_n for_o so_o be_v his_o name_n there_o write_v abbot_n of_o y-columkille_a wherein_o he_o plain_o declare_v that_o the_o great_a cycle_n of_o dxxxii_o year_n and_o the_o roman_a use_n of_o celebrate_v the_o time_n of_o easter_n according_a to_o the_o same_o be_v then_o new_o bring_v in_o into_o this_o country_n segienum_fw-la for_o the_o first_o year_n say_v he_o wherein_o the_o cycle_n of_o dxxxii_o year_n begin_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o our_o man_n i_o receive_v it_o not_o but_o hold_v my_o peace_n dare_v neither_o to_o commend_v it_o nor_o to_o dispraise_v it_o that_o year_n be_v past_a he_o say_v he_o consult_v with_o his_o ancient_n who_o be_v the_o successor_n of_o bishop_n ailbeus_fw-la queranus_n coloniensis_n brendinus_n nessanus_fw-la and_o lugidus_fw-la who_o be_v gather_v together_o in_o campo-lene_a conclude_v to_o celebrate_v easter_n the_o year_n follow_v together_o with_o the_o universal_a church_n ibid._n but_o not_o long_o after_o say_v he_o there_o arise_v up_o a_o certain_a white_v wall_n pretend_v to_o keep_v the_o tradition_n of_o the_o elder_n which_o do_v not_o make_v both_o one_o but_o divide_v they_o and_o make_v void_a in_o part_n that_o which_o be_v promise_v who_o the_o lord_n as_o i_o hope_v will_v smite_v in_o whatsoever_o manner_n he_o please_v to_o this_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o elder_n he_o make_v answer_v that_o ibid._n they_o do_v simple_o and_o faithful_o observe_v that_o which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v best_a in_o their_o day_n without_o the_o fault_n of_o any_o contradiction_n or_o animosity_n and_o do_v so_o recommend_v it_o to_o their_o posterity_n and_o oppose_v thereunto_o ibid._n the_o unanimous_a rule_n of_o the_o universal_a catholic_a church_n deem_v this_o to_o be_v a_o very_a harsh_a conclusion_n ibid._n rome_n err_v jerusalem_n err_v alexandria_n err_v antioch_n err_v the_o whole_a world_n err_v the_o scottish_a only_o and_o the_o briton_n do_v alone_o hold_v the_o right_n but_o especial_o he_o urge_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o first_o of_o these_o patriarchicall_a see_v which_o now_o since_o the_o advancement_n thereof_o by_o the_o emperor_n phocas_n begin_v to_o be_v admire_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o place_n which_o god_n have_v choose_v whereunto_o if_o great_a cause_n do_v arise_v recourse_n be_v to_o be_v have_v according_a to_o the_o synodical_a decree_n as_o unto_o the_o head_n of_o city_n and_o therefore_o he_o say_v that_o they_o send_v some_o unto_o rome_n who_o return_v back_o in_o the_o three_o year_n inform_v they_o that_o they_o meet_v there_o with_o a_o grecian_a and_o a_o hebrew_n and_o a_o scythian_a and_o a_o egyptian_a in_o one_o lodging_n and_o that_o they_o all_o and_o the_o whole_a world_n too_o do_v keep_v their_o easter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o the_o irish_a be_v disjoined_n from_o they_o by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a 652._o month_n cummian_n and_o we_o have_v prove_v say_v cummianus_fw-la that_o the_o virtue_n of_o god_n
can_v have_v reference_n to_o no_o other_o substance_n but_o that_o which_o he_o then_o hold_v in_o his_o sacred_a hand_n namely_o bread_n &_o wine_n which_o be_v of_o so_o different_a a_o nature_n from_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n that_o the_o one_o can_v possible_o in_o proper_a sense_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o other_o as_o the_o light_n of_o common_a reason_n do_v force_v the_o romanist_n themselves_o to_o confess_v second_o that_o in_o the_o predicate_a or_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o same_o proposition_n there_o be_v not_o mention_v make_v only_o of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n but_o of_o his_o body_n break_v and_o his_o blood_n shed_v to_o show_v that_o his_o body_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v here_o apart_o not_o as_o it_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n or_o now_o be_v in_o heaven_n but_o as_o it_o be_v break_v and_o crucify_v for_o we_o and_o his_o blood_n likewise_o apart_o not_o as_o run_v in_o his_o vein_n but_o as_o shed_v out_o of_o his_o body_n which_o the_o rhemist_n have_v tell_v we_o to_o be_v condition_n of_o his_o person_n as_o he_o be_v in_o sacrifice_n and_o oblation_n and_o lest_o we_o shall_v imagine_v that_o his_o body_n be_v otherwise_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o sacrament_n than_o in_o the_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o one_o alive_a as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o heaven_n in_o the_o other_o dead_a as_o it_o be_v offer_v upon_o the_o cross_n the_o apostle_n put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o doubt_n that_o not_o only_o the_o minister_n in_o offering_n but_o also_o the_o people_n in_o receive_v even_o 26._o as_o often_o as_o they_o eat_v this_o bread_n and_o drink_v this_o cup_n do_v show_v the_o lord_n death_n until_o he_o come_v our_o elder_n sure_o that_o hold_v the_o sacrifice_n to_o be_v give_v and_o receive_v for_o so_o we_o have_v hear_v themselves_o speak_v as_o well_o as_o offer_v do_v not_o consider_v otherwise_o of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n than_o as_o he_o be_v in_o sacrifice_n and_o oblation_n if_o here_o therefore_o christ_n body_n be_v present_v as_o break_v and_o liveless_a and_o his_o blood_n as_o shed_v forth_o and_o sever_v from_o his_o body_n and_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n now_o real_o existent_a any_o where_o as_o be_v confess_v on_o all_o hand_n then_o must_v it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v not_o convert_v into_o these_o thing_n real_o the_o 26._o rhemist_n indeed_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o church_n do_v offer_v and_o sacrifice_n christ_n daily_o he_o in_o mystery_n and_o sacrament_n die_v further_o than_o this_o they_o dare_v not_o go_v for_o if_o they_o have_v say_v he_o die_v real_o they_o shall_v thereby_o not_o only_o make_v themselves_o daily_a killer_n of_o christ_n but_o also_o direct_o cross_v that_o principle_n of_o the_o apostle_n rom._n 6._o 9_o christ_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o dead_a die_v no_o more_o if_o then_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o eucharist_n be_v propound_v as_o dead_a as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o die_v it_o can_v real_o but_o only_o in_o mystery_n and_o sacrament_n how_o can_v it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o outward_a element_n otherwise_o than_o in_o sacrament_n and_o mystery_n and_o such_o as_o in_o time_n past_a be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o sacrifice_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o priest_n what_o other_o body_n and_o blood_n can_v they_o expect_v to_o receive_v therein_o but_o such_o as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o sacrifice_n to_o wit_n mystical_a and_o sacramental_a coelius_n sedulius_n to_o who_o gelasius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n with_o his_o synod_n of_o lxx_o bishop_n give_v the_o title_n of_o gelasi●_n venerable_a sedulius_n as_o venantius_n fortunatus_n of_o 1._o conspicuous_a sedulius_n and_o hildephonsus_fw-la toletanus_n of_o the_o maria_n good_a sedulius_n the_o evangelicall_n poet_n the_o eloquent_a orator_n and_o the_o catholic_a writer_n be_v by_o trithemius_n and_o other_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o 1528._o sedulius_n of_o scotland_n or_o ireland_n who_o collection_n be_v extant_a upon_o st._n paul_n epistle_n although_o i_o have_v forbear_v hitherto_o to_o use_v any_o of_o his_o testimony_n because_o i_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_n whether_o he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o sedulius_n or_o no._n but_o coelius_n sedulius_n whatsoever_o countryman_n he_o be_v intimate_v plain_o that_o the_o thing_n offer_v in_o the_o christian_a sacrifice_n be_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o corn_n and_o of_o the_o vine_n 4._o denique_fw-la pontificum_fw-la princeps_fw-la summusque_fw-la sacerdos_n quis_fw-la nisi_fw-la christus_fw-la adest_fw-la geminy_n libaminis_fw-la author_n ordine_fw-la melchisedech_n cui_fw-la dantur_fw-la munera_fw-la semper_fw-la quae_fw-la sua_fw-la sunt_fw-la segetis_fw-la fructus_fw-la &_o gaudia_fw-la vitis_fw-la or_o as_o he_o express_v it_o in_o his_o prose_n 14._o the_o sweet_a meat_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o wheat_n and_o the_o lovely_a drink_n of_o the_o pleasant_a vine_n of_o melch●sedek_n according_a to_o who_o order_n christ_n and_o he_o only_o be_v priest_n our_o own_o sedulius_n write_v thus_o 5._o melchisedek_n offer_v wine_n &_o bread_n to_o abraham_n for_o a_o figure_n of_o christ_n offer_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n unto_o god_n his_o father_n upon_o the_o crosse._n where_o note_n that_o first_o he_o say_v melch_v sedek_v offer_v bread_n and_o wine_n to_o abraham_n not_o to_o god_n and_o second_o that_o he_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o christ_n offer_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n upon_o the_o cross_n not_o in_o the_o eucharist_n but_o we_o say_v 10._o he_o do_v offer_v daily_o for_o a_o commemoration_n of_o the_o lord_n passion_n once_o perform_v and_o our_o own_o salvation_n and_o elsewhere_o expound_v those_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n do_v this_o in_o remembrance_n of_o i_o he_o bring_v in_o this_o similitude_n use_v before_o and_o after_o he_o by_o other_o 11._o he_o leave_v a_o memory_n of_o himself_o unto_o we_o even_o as_o if_o one_o that_o be_v go_v a_o far_a journey_n shall_v leave_v some_o token_n with_o he_o who_o he_o love_v that_o as_o oft_o as_o he_o behold_v it_o he_o may_v call_v to_o remembrance_n his_o benefit_n and_o friendship_n claudius_n note_v that_o our_o saviour_n matth._n pleasure_n be_v first_o to_o deliver_v unto_o his_o disciple_n the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n and_o afterward_o to_o offer_v up_o the_o body_n itself_o upon_o the_o altar_n of_o the_o cross_n where_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n i_o do_v very_o think_v that_o in_o the_o word_n fractione_n corporis_fw-la a_o error_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o my_o transcript_n corporis_fw-la being_n miswrite_v for_o panis_fw-la but_o afterward_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o original_n whence_o i_o take_v my_o copy_n i_o find_v that_o the_o author_n retain_v the_o manner_n of_o speak_v use_v both_o edition_n before_o and_o passim_fw-la after_o his_o time_n in_o give_v the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v unto_o the_o sign_n even_o there_o where_o the_o direct_a intention_n of_o the_o speech_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o he_o do_v express_o here_o distinguish_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o the_o disciple_n from_o the_o body_n itself_o which_o be_v afterward_o offer_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o for_o the_o sacramental_a relation_n betwixt_o they_o both_o he_o render_v this_o reason_n ibid._n because_o bread_n do_v confirm_v the_o body_n and_o wine_n do_v work_v blood_n in_o the_o flesh_n therefore_o the_o one_o be_v mystical_o refer_v to_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n the_o other_o to_o his_o blood_n which_o doctrine_n of_o his_o that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v in_o it_o own_o nature_n bread_n and_o wine_n but_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n by_o mystical_a relation_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o long_o afterward_o be_v here_o in_o ireland_n deliver_v by_o henry_n crumpe_n the_o monk_n of_o baltinglas_n hab●o_o that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n be_v only_o a_o look_a glass_n to_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o heaven_n yea_o and_o within_o fifty_o or_o threescore_o year_n of_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n scotus_n himself_o be_v so_o full_o maintain_v by_o johannes_n scotus_n in_o a_o book_n that_o he_o purposely_o write_v of_o that_o argument_n that_o when_o it_o be_v allege_v and_o extol_v by_o berengarius_fw-la pope_n leo_n the_o nine_o with_o his_o bishop_n assemble_v in_o synodo_n vercellensi_fw-la an●_n domini_fw-la 1050_o which_o be_v 235._o year_n after_o the_o time_n that_o claudius_n write_v his_o commentary_n upon_o st._n matthew_n have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o avoid_v it_o but_o by_o flat_a berengar_fw-la condemn_v of_o it_o of_o what_o great_a
that_o which_o we_o read_v in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n brendan_n that_o the_o question_n be_v move_v in_o his_o hear_n gravii_fw-la whether_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o dead_a can_v be_v redeem_v by_o the_o prayer_n or_o almsdeed_n of_o their_o friend_n remain_v in_o this_o life_n for_o that_o be_v still_o a_o question_n in_o the_o church_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v tell_v they_o that_o on_o a_o certain_a night_n as_o he_o sail_v in_o the_o great_a ocean_n the_o soul_n of_o one_o colman_n ibid._n who_o have_v be_v a_o angry_a monk_n and_o a_o sour_a of_o discord_n betwixt_o brethren_n appear_v unto_o he_o who_o complain_v of_o his_o grievous_a torment_n entreat_v that_o prayer_n may_v be_v make_v to_o god_n for_o he_o and_o after_o six_o day_n thankful_o acknowledge_v that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o he_o have_v get_v into_o heaven_n whereupon_o it_o be_v conclude_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o live_n do_v profit_n much_o the_o dead_a but_o of_o s._n brendan_n sea-pilgrimage_n we_o have_v the_o censure_n of_o molanus_n a_o learned_a romanist_n that_o there_o be_v 26._o many_o apocryhall_a foolery_n in_o it_o and_o whosoever_o read_v the_o same_o with_o any_o judgement_n can_v choose_v but_o pronounce_v of_o it_o as_o photius_n do_v of_o the_o strange_a narration_n of_o damascius_n former_o mention_v that_o it_o contain_v not_o only_o apocryphal_a but_o also_o 130._o impossible_a incredible_a ill-composed_a and_o monstruous_a foolery_n whereof_o though_o the_o old_a legend_n itself_o be_v not_o free_a as_o by_o the_o head_n thereof_o touch_v by_o glaber_n rodulphus_fw-la and_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la may_v appear_v yet_o for_o the_o tale_n that_o i_o recite_v out_o of_o the_o 1516._o new_a legend_n of_o england_n i_o can_v say_v that_o in_o the_o manuscript_n book_n which_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o here_o in_o st._n brendan_n own_o country_n one_o whereof_o be_v transcribe_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o friar_n minor_n of_o kilkenny_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1350._o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o footstep_n thereof_o to_o be_v see_v and_o this_o be_v a_o thing_n very_o observable_a in_o the_o ancient_a life_n of_o our_o saint_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o have_v be_v write_v before_o the_o time_n of_o satan_n lose_v beyond_o which_o we_o do_v not_o now_o look_v that_o the_o prayer_n and_o oblation_n for_o the_o dead_a mention_v therein_o be_v express_o note_v to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o they_o who_o soul_n be_v suppose_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n to_o have_v rest_v in_o bliss_n so_o adamnanus_n report_v that_o saint_n colme_z call_v by_o the_o irish_a both_o in_o 10._o bede_n and_o our_o day_n columkille_a 15._o cause_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o sacred_a ministry_n of_o the_o eucharist_n when_o he_o have_v see_v the_o soul_n of_o st._n brendan_n receive_v by_o the_o holy_a angel_n and_o that_o he_o do_v the_o like_a when_o columbanus_n bishop_n of_o leinster_n depart_v this_o life_n for_o i_o must_v to_o day_n say_v st._n colme_z 16._o there_o although_o i_o be_v unworthy_a celebrate_v the_o holy_a mystery_n of_o the_o eucharist_n for_o the_o reverence_n of_o that_o soul_n which_o this_o night_n carry_v beyond_o the_o starry_a firmament_n betwixt_o the_o holy_a quire_n of_o angel_n ascend_v into_o paradise_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o honourable_a commemoration_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v herein_o intend_v and_o a_o sacrifice_n of_o thanksgiving_n for_o their_o salvation_n rather_o than_o of_o propitiation_n for_o their_o sin_n in_o bede_n also_o we_o find_v mention_n of_o the_o like_a obsequy_n celebrate_v by_o st._n cuthbert_n for_o one_o hadwaldus_n after_o 34._o he_o have_v see_v his_o soul_n carry_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o angel_n unto_o the_o joy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n so_o gallus_n and_o magnus_n as_o walafridus_n strabus_n relate_v in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o one_o and_o theodorus_n campidonensis_n or_o whosoever_o else_o be_v author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o other_o canissi_n say_v mass_n which_o what_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n we_o shall_v afterward_o hear_v and_o be_v instant_a in_o prayer_n for_o the_o commemoration_n of_o abbot_n columbanus_n their_o countryman_n ibid._n frequent_v the_o memory_n of_o that_o great_a father_n with_o holy_a prayer_n and_o healthful_a sacrifice_n where_o that_o speech_n of_o gallus_n unto_o his_o deacon_n magnus_n or_o magnoaldus_n be_v worthy_a of_o special_a consideration_n ibid._n after_o this_o night_n watch_n i_o understand_v by_o a_o vision_n that_o my_o master_n and_o father_n columbanus_n be_v to_o day_n depart_v out_o of_o the_o misery_n of_o this_o life_n unto_o the_o joy_n of_o paradise_n for_o his_o rest_n therefore_o i_o ought_v to_o offer_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o salvation_n in_o like_a manner_n also_o when_o gallus_n himself_o die_v 33._o john_n bishop_n of_o constance_n pray_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o rest_n and_o offer_v healthful_a sacrifice_n for_o he_o although_o he_o be_v certain_o persuade_v that_o he_o have_v attain_v the_o blessing_n of_o everlasting_a life_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o walafridus_n and_o when_o magnus_n afterward_o be_v in_o his_o death_n bed_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v use_v these_o word_n unto_o tozzo_n bishop_n of_o ausborough_n that_o come_v to_o visit_v he_o canissi_n do_v not_o weep_v reverend_a prelate_n because_o thou_o behold_v i_o labour_v in_o so_o many_o storm_n of_o worldly_a trouble_n because_o i_o believe_v in_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n that_o my_o soul_n shall_v rejoice_v in_o the_o freedom_n of_o immortality_n yet_o i_o beseech_v thou_o that_o thou_o will_v not_o cease_v to_o help_v i_o a_o sinner_n and_o my_o soul_n with_o thy_o holy_a prayer_n then_o follow_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o departure_n this_o voice_n be_v hear_v ibid._n come_v magnus_n come_v receive_v the_o crown_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v prepare_v for_o thou_o and_o that_o thereupon_o tozzo_n say_v unto_o theodorus_n the_o suppose_a writer_n of_o this_o history_n ibid._n let_v we_o cease_v weep_v brother_n because_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o rejoice_v have_v hear_v this_o sign_n of_o the_o receive_n of_o his_o soul_n unto_o immortality_n than_o to_o make_v lamentation_n but_o let_v we_o go_v to_o the_o church_n and_o be_v careful_a to_o offer_v healthful_a sacrifice_n to_o the_o lord_n for_o so_o dear_a a_o friend_n i_o dispute_v not_o of_o the_o credit_n of_o these_o particular_a passage_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o author_n from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v they_o live_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o those_o time_n whereof_o we_o now_o do_v treat_v for_o thereby_o it_o be_v plain_a enough_o and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o it_o shall_v elsewhere_o be_v make_v yet_o more_o plain_a that_o in_o those_o elder_a day_n it_o be_v a_o usual_a thing_n to_o make_v prayer_n and_o oblation_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o soul_n which_o be_v not_o doubt_v to_o have_v be_v in_o glory_n and_o consequent_o that_o neither_o the_o commemoration_n nor_o the_o pray_v for_o the_o dead_a nor_o the_o requiem_n mass_n of_o that_o age_n have_v any_o necessary_a relation_n to_o the_o belief_n of_o purgatory_n the_o lesson_n therefore_o which_o claudius_n teach_v we_o here_o out_o of_o saint_n hierome_n be_v very_o good_a that_o 6._o while_o we_o be_v in_o this_o present_a world_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o help_v one_o another_o either_o by_o our_o prayer_n or●_n by_o our_o counsel_n but_o when_o we_o shall_v come_v before_o the_o judgement_n seat_n of_o christ_n neither_o job_n nor_o daniel_n nor_o noah_n can_v entreat_v for_o any_o one_o but_o every_o one_o must_v bear_v his_o own_o burden_n and_o the_o advice_n which_o the_o no_o less_o learned_a than_o godly_a abbot_n columbanus_n give_v we_o be_v very_o safe_a not_o to_o pitch_v upon_o uncertainty_n hereafter_o but_o now_o to_o trust_v in_o god_n and_o follow_v the_o precept_n of_o christ_n while_o our_o life_n do_v yet_o remain_v and_o while_o the_o time_n wherein_o we_o may_v obtain_v salvation_n be_v certain_a vive_fw-fr deo_fw-la fidens_fw-la say_v hunaldum_n he_o christi_fw-la praecepta_fw-la sequendo_fw-la dum_fw-la modò_fw-la vita_fw-la manet_fw-la dum_fw-la tempora_fw-la certa_fw-la salutis_fw-la whereunto_o john_n the_o briton_n another_o son_n of_o sulgen_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n seem_v also_o to_o have_v have_v a_o eye_n when_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poëme_n which_o he_o write_v of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o father_n life_n he_o pray_v for_o himself_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n ut_fw-la genitor_fw-la clemens_fw-la solitâ_fw-la pielate_fw-la remittat_fw-la factis_fw-la aut_fw-la dictis_fw-la quae_fw-la gessi_fw-la cord_n nefando_fw-la dum_fw-la mihi_fw-la vita_fw-la manet_fw-la dum_fw-la flendi_fw-la flumina_fw-la possunt_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la tartareis_fw-la nullius_fw-la cura_fw-la subintrat_fw-la chap._n iu._n of_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n the_o public_a form_n
esteem_n this_o john_n be_v with_o king_n alfred_n may_v be_v see_v in_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n roger_n hoveden_n matthew_n of_o westminster_n and_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o english_a history_n the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o preface_n before_o his_o saxon_a translation_n of_o st._n gregory_n pastoral_n profess_v that_o he_o be_v holpen_v in_o that_o work_n by_o saxonic_n john_n his_o mass-priest_n by_o who_o if_o he_o do_v mean_v this_o john_n of_o we_o you_o may_v see_v how_o in_o those_o day_n a_o man_n may_v be_v hold_v a_o mass-priest_n who_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o think_v that_o he_o offer_v up_o the_o very_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n real_o present_a under_o the_o form_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n which_o be_v the_o only_a mass_n that_o our_o romanist_n take_v knowledge_n of_o of_o which_o wonderful_a point_n how_o ignorant_a our_o elder_n be_v even_o this_o also_o may_v be_v one_o argument_n that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o wonderful_a thing_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n before_o allege_a pass_v this_o quite_o over_o which_o be_v now_o esteem_v to_o be_v the_o wonder_n of_o all_o wonder_n and_o yet_o do_v he_o profess_v that_o he_o 21._o purpose_v to_o pass_v over_o nothing_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o scripture_n wherein_o they_o may_v seem_v notable_o to_o swerve_v from_o the_o ordinary_a administration_n in_o other_o thing_n chap._n v._n of_o chrism_n sacramental_a confession_n penance_n absolution_n marriage_n divorce_n and_o single_a life_n in_o the_o clergy_n that_o the_o irish_a prosine_n do_v baptize_v their_o infant_n without_o any_o consecrate_a chrism_n lanfranc_n make_v complaint_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o terdeluacus_n or_o tirlagh_n the_o chief_a king_n of_o that_o country_n and_o bernard_n report_v that_o malachias_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v after_o the_o day_n of_o lanfranc_n and_o pope_n hildebrand_n do_v malachiae_fw-la of_o the_o new_a institute_n the_o most_o wholesome_a use_n of_o confession_n the_o sacrament_n of_o confirmation_n and_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n all_o which_o he_o say_v the_o irish_a before_o be_v either_o ignorant_a of_o or_o do_v neglect_v which_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o confession_n may_v receive_v some_o further_a confirmation_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o alcuinus_fw-la who_o write_v unto_o the_o scottish_a or_o as_o other_o copy_n read_v the_o gothish_n and_o commend_v the_o religious_a conversation_n of_o their_o laity_n who_o quercetan●_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o worldly_a employment_n be_v say_v to_o lead_v a_o most_o chaste_a life_n condemn_v notwithstanding_o another_o custom_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v continue_v in_o that_o country_n for_o ibid._n it_o be_v say_v quot_fw-la he_o that_o no_o man_n of_o the_o laity_n will_v make_v his_o confession_n to_o the_o priest_n who_o we_o believe_v to_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o lord_n christ_n the_o power_n of_o bind_v and_o lose_v together_o with_o the_o holy_a apostle_n they_o have_v no_o reason_n indeed_o to_o hold_v as_o alcuinus_fw-la do_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o confess_v unto_o a_o priest_n all_o the_o sin_n they_o can_v remember_v but_o upon_o special_a occasion_n they_o do_v no_o doubt_n both_o public_o and_o private_o make_v confession_n of_o their_o fault_n aswell_o that_o they_o may_v receive_v counsel_n and_o direction_n for_o their_o recovery_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o key_n for_o the_o quiet_v of_o their_o trouble_a conscience_n whatsoever_o the_o gothish_n do_v herein_o by_o who_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o languedok_n in_o france_n where_o alcuinus_fw-la live_v sure_o we_o be_v that_o this_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a scottish_a and_o irish._n so_o we_o read_v of_o one_o fiachna_n or_o fechnaus_fw-la that_o be_v touch_v with_o remorse_n for_o some_o offence_n commit_v by_o he_o he_o fall_v at_o st._n colmes_n foot_n lament_v bitter_o and_o ms._n confess_v his_o sin_n before_o all_o that_o be_v there_o present_a whereupon_o the_o holy_a man_n weep_v together_o with_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n ibid._n rise_v up_o son_n and_o be_v comfort_v thy_o sin_n which_o thou_o have_v commit_v be_v forgive_v because_o as_o it_o be_v write_v a_o contrite_a and_o a_o humble_a heart_n god_n do_v not_o despise_v we_o read_v also_o of_o adamanus_fw-la that_o be_v very_o much_o terrify_v with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o a_o grievous_a sin_n commit_v by_o he_o in_o his_o youth_n he_o 25._o resort_v unto_o a_o priest_n by_o who_o he_o hope_v the_o way_n of_o salvation_n may_v be_v show_v unto_o he_o he_o confess_v his_o guilt_n and_o entreat_v that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o counsel_n whereby_o he_o may_v flee_v from_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n that_o be_v to_o come_v now_o the_o counsel_n common_o give_v unto_o the_o penitent_a after_o confession_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v 27._o wipe_v away_o his_o sin_n by_o meet_a fruit_n of_o repentance_n which_o course_n bede_n observe_v to_o have_v be_v usual_o prescribe_v by_o our_o cuthbert_n for_o penance_n be_v then_o exact_v as_o testimony_n of_o the_o sincerity_n of_o that_o inward_a repentance_n which_o be_v necessary_o require_v for_o obtain_v remission_n of_o the_o sin_n and_o so_o have_v reference_n to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o guilt_n and_o not_o of_o the_o temporal_a punishment_n remain_v after_o the_o forgiveness_n of_o the_o guilt_n which_o be_v the_o new_a find_v use_n of_o penance_n invent_v by_o our_o late_a romanist_n one_o old_a penitential_a canon_n we_o find_v lay_v down_o in_o a_o synod_n hold_v in_o this_o country_n about_o the_o year_n our_o lord_n ccccl_n by_o s._n patrick_n auxilius_n and_o isserninus_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v cantabrig_n a_o christian_n who_o have_v kill_v a_o man_n or_o commit_v fornication_n or_o go_v unto_o a_o soothsayer_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o gentile_n for_o every_o of_o those_o crime_n shall_v do_v a_o year_n of_o penance_n when_o his_o year_n of_o penance_n be_v accomplish_v he_o shall_v come_v with_o witness_n and_o afterward_o he_o shall_v be_v absolve_v by_o the_o priest_n these_o bishop_n do_v take_v order_n we_o see_v according_a to_o the_o discipline_n general_o use_v in_o those_o time_n that_o the_o penance_n shall_v first_o be_v perform_v and_o when_o long_o &_o good_a proof_n have_v be_v give_v by_o that_o mean_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o party_n repentance_n they_o wish_v the_o priest_n to_o impart_v unto_o he_o the_o benefit_n of_o absolution_n whereas_o by_o the_o new_a device_n of_o sacramental_a penance_n the_o matter_n be_v now_o far_o more_o easy_o transact_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o key_n the_o sinner_n be_v instant_o of_o attrite_a make_v contrite_a and_o thereupon_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v make_v his_o confession_n he_o present_o receive_v his_o absolution_n after_o this_o some_o sorry_a penance_n be_v impose_v which_o upon_o better_a consideration_n may_v be_v convert_v into_o penny_n and_o so_o a_o quick_a end_n be_v make_v of_o many_o a_o foul_a business_n but_o for_o the_o right_a use_n of_o the_o key_n we_o full_o accord_v with_o claudius_n that_o 2._o the_o office_n of_o remit_v and_o retain_v sin_n which_o be_v give_v unto_o the_o apostle_n be_v now_o in_o the_o bishop_n and_o priest_n commit_v unto_o every_o church_n namely_o that_o have_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sin_v as_o many_o as_o they_o shall_v behold_v humble_a and_o true_o penitent_a those_o they_o may_v now_o with_o compassion_n absolve_v from_o the_o fear_n of_o everlasting_a death_n but_o such_o as_o they_o shall_v discern_v to_o persist_v in_o the_o sin_n which_o they_o have_v commit_v those_o they_o may_v declare_v to_o be_v bind_v over_o unto_o never_o end_v punishment_n and_o in_o thus_o absolve_v such_o as_o be_v true_o penitent_a we_o willing_o yield_v that_o the_o pastor_n of_o god_n church_n do_v remit_v sin_n after_o their_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ministerial_o and_o improper_o so_o that_o the_o privilege_n of_o forgive_a sin_n proper_o and_o absolute_o be_v still_o reserve_v unto_o god_n alone_o which_o be_v at_o large_a set_v out_o by_o the_o same_o claudius_n where_o he_o expound_v the_o history_n of_o the_o man_n sick_a of_o the_o palsy_n that_o be_v cure_v by_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o nine_o of_o s._n matthew_n for_o follow_v bede_n upon_o that_o place_n he_o write_v thus_o 1._o the_o scribe_n say_v true_a that_o none_o can_v forgive_v sin_n but_o god_n alone_o also_o forgive_v by_o they_o to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v the_o power_n of_o forgive_a and_o therefore_o be_v christ_n prove_v to_o be_v true_o god_n because_o he_o forgive_v sin_n as_o god_n they_o render_v a_o true_a testimony_n unto_o god_n but_o in_o deny_v the_o person_n of_o christ_n they_o
be_v deceive_v and_o again_o ibid._n if_o it_o be_v god_n that_o according_a to_o the_o psalmist_n remove_v our_o sin_n as_o far_o from_o we_o as_o the_o east_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o west_n and_o the_o son_n of_o man_n have_v power_n upon_o earth_n to_o forgive_v sinnès_fw-fr therefore_o he_o himself_o be_v both_o god_n and_o the_o son_n of_o man_n that_o both_o the_o man_n christ_n may_v by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o divinity_n forgive_v sin_n and_o the_o same_o christ_n be_v god_n may_v by_o the_o frailty_n of_o his_o humanity_n die_v for_o sinner_n and_o out_o of_o s._n hierome_n ibid._n christ_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v god_n who_o can_v know_v the_o hide_a thing_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v his_o peace_n he_o speak_v by_o the_o same_o majesty_n and_o power_n whereby_o i_o behold_v your_o thought_n i_o can_v also_o forgive_v sin_n unto_o man_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o wonderful_a thing_n of_o the_o scripture_n observe_v these_o 7._o divine_a work_n in_o the_o same_o history_n the_o forgive_n of_o sin_n the_o present_a cure_n of_o the_o disease_n &_o the_o answer_v of_o the_o thought_n by_o the_o mouth_n of_o god_n who_o search_v all_o thing_n with_o who_o for_o the_o property_n of_o behold_v the_o secret_a thought_n sedulius_n also_o do_v concur_v in_o those_o sentence_n 2._o god_n alone_o can_v know_v the_o hide_a thing_n of_o man_n ibid._n to_o know_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n and_o to_o discern_v the_o secret_n of_o their_o mind_n be_v the_o privilege_n of_o god_n alone_o that_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v either_o unknown_a or_o neglect_v by_o the_o irish_a before_o malachias_n do_v institute_v the_o same_o anew_o among_o they_o as_o bernard_n do_v seem_v to_o intimate_v be_v a_o thing_n almost_o incredible_a although_o 16._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la do_v complain_v that_o the_o case_n be_v little_o better_a with_o they_o after_o the_o time_n of_o malachias_n also_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o those_o rude_a time_n i_o know_v be_v such_o as_o may_v easy_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o a_o great_a both_o neglect_n and_o abuse_v of_o god_n ordinance_n do_v get_v footing_n among_o this_o people_n which_o enormity_n malachias_n no_o doubt_n do_v labour_n to_o reform_v and_o withal_o peradventure_o bring_v in_o some_o new_a matter_n not_o know_v here_o before_o as_o he_o be_v very_o desirous_a his_o country_n man_n shall_v general_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o the_o tradition_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o our_o purpose_n be_v here_o only_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o elder_a time_n in_o which_o first_o that_o marriage_n be_v not_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o sacrament_n may_v be_v collect_v from_o 1._o sedulius_n who_o reckon_v it_o among_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v gift_n indeed_o but_o not_o spiritual_a second_o for_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n hinder_v marriage_n the_o synod_n attribute_v unto_o st._n patrick_n seem_v to_o refer_v we_o whole_o unto_o the_o levitical_a law_n prescribe_v therein_o ms._n neither_o less_o nor_o more_o than_o the_o law_n speak_v and_o particular_o against_o match_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n which_o be_v the_o point_n so_o much_o question_v in_o the_o case_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o this_o ms._n synodical_a decree_n be_v there_o urge_v the_o brother_n may_v not_o ascend_v into_o the_o bed_n of_o his_o decease_a brother_n the_o lord_n have_v say_v they_o two_o shall_v be_v one_o flesh_n therefore_o the_o wife_n of_o thy_o brother_n be_v thy_o sister_n whereupon_o we_o find_v also_o that_o our_o kilianus_n do_v suffer_v martyrdom_n for_o 644._o dissolve_v such_o a_o incestuous_a marriage_n in_o gozbertus_fw-la duke_n of_o franconia_n and_o that_o clemens_n scotus_n for_o maintain_v the_o contrary_n be_v both_o by_o 1618._o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o the_o e._n council_n hold_v at_o rome_n by_o pope_n zacharie_n in_o the_o year_n dccxlv_o condemn_a as_o a_o bringer_n in_o of_o judaism_n among_o christian_n yet_o how_o far_o this_o condemn_a opinion_n of_o his_o prevail_v afterward_o in_o this_o country_n and_o how_o foul_a a_o crime_n it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v by_o other_o abroad_o notwithstanding_o the_o pope_n do_v now_o by_o his_o bull_n of_o dispensation_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o make_v a_o fair_a matter_n of_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o censure_n of_o giraldus_n 19_o moreover_o say_v he_o which_o be_v very_o detestable_a and_o most_o contrary_a not_o only_o to_o the_o faith_n but_o also_o unto_o common_a honesty_n brethren_n in_o many_o place_n throughout_o ireland_n do_v i_o say_v not_o marry_v but_o mar_v rather_o and_o seduce_v the_o wife_n of_o their_o decease_a brother_n while_o in_o this_o sort_n they_o filthy_o and_o incestuous_o have_v knowledge_n of_o they_o cleave_v herein_o not_o to_o the_o marrow_n but_o to_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o desire_v to_o imitate_v the_o ancient_a in_o vice_n more_o willing_o than_o in_o virtue_n three_o touch_v divorce_n we_o read_v in_o sedulius_n that_o 7._o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o our_o lord_n that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v put_v away_o but_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o fornication_n and_o in_o the_o synod_n ascribe_v to_o st._n patrick_n ms._n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n but_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o fornication_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v for_o this_o cause_n he_o may_v whence_o if_o he_o marry_v another_o as_o it_o be_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o former_a they_o forbid_v it_o not_o who_o they_o be_v that_o do_v not_o forbid_v this_o second_o marriage_n be_v not_o there_o express_v that_o saint_n patrick_n himself_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n will_v appear_v by_o this_o constitution_n follow_v which_o in_o another_o ancient_a canon-booke_n i_o find_v cite_v under_o his_o name_n 66._o if_o any_o man_n wife_n have_v commit_v adultery_n with_o another_o man_n he_o shall_v not_o marry_v another_o wife_n as_o long_o as_o the_o first_o wife_n shall_v be_v alive_a if_o per_fw-la adventure_v she_o be_v convert_v and_o do_v penance_n he_o shall_v receive_v she_o and_o she_o shall_v serve_v he_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o maid-servant_n let_v she_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n do_v penance_n in_o bread_n and_o water_n and_o that_o by_o measure_n neither_o let_v they_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o bed_n together_o four_o concern_v single_a life_n i_o do_v not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o record_n that_o it_o be_v general_o impose_v upon_o the_o clergy_n but_o the_o contrary_a rather_o for_o in_o the_o synod_n hold_v by_o st._n patrick_n auxilius_n and_o isserninus_n there_o be_v a_o special_a order_n take_v issernin_n that_o their_o wife_n shall_v not_o walk_v abroad_o with_o their_o head_n uncover_v and_o st._n patrick_n himself_o confess_v at_o leastwise_o the_o confession_n which_o go_v under_o his_o name_n say_v so_o and_o probus_n jocelinus_n and_o other_o that_o write_v his_o life_n agree_v therewith_o that_o he_o ms._n have_v to_o his_o father_n calphurnius_fw-la a_o deacon_n and_o to_o his_o grandfather_n potitus_n a_o priest_n for_o that_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n then_o among_o the_o briton_n who_o bishop_n therefore_o gildas_n do_v reprehend_v as_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n he_o do_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o laity_n that_o they_o be_v not_o content_a to_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o but_o of_o many_o wife_n and_o that_o they_o corrupt_v their_o child_n by_o their_o evil_a example_n whereas_o gildas_n the_o chastity_n of_o the_o father_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v imperfect_a if_o the_o chastity_n of_o their_o son_n be_v not_o add_v thereunto_o nennius_n the_o elder_a historiographer_n of_o the_o briton_n which_o we_o have_v after_o he_o who_o in_o many_o copy_n also_o bear_v his_o own_o name_n write_v that_o book_n which_o we_o have_v extant_a of_o his_o to_o dunelmensi_fw-la samuel_n the_o child_n of_o benlanus_n the_o priest_n his_o master_n count_v it_o a_o grace_n rather_o than_o any_o kind_n of_o disparagement_n unto_o he_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o son_n of_o a_o learned_a priest_n which_o make_v he_o in_o the_o bibliothecâ_fw-la verse_n prefix_v before_o the_o work_n to_o say_v christ_n tribuisti_fw-la patri_fw-la samuelem_fw-la nominata_fw-la but_o about_o 60._o or_o 70._o year_n after_o i_o find_v some_o partial_a eclipse_n here_o and_o the_o first_o i_o think_v of_o this_o kind_n that_o can_v be_v show_v among_o the_o briton_n in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n where_o it_o be_v order_v that_o cottonia●â_fw-la if_o a_o clerk_n of_o a_o low_a degree_n shall_v match_v with_o a_o woman_n and_o have_v a_o son_n by_o she_o and_o that_o clerk_n afterward_o