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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	author_n	read_v	write_v	2,323	5	5.1781	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44724	Instructions for forreine travell shewing by what cours, and in what compasse of time, one may take an exact survey of the kingdomes and states of christendome, and arrive to the practicall knowledge of the languages, to good purpose.	Howell, James, 1594?-1666.	1642 (1642)	Wing H3082; ESTC R38986	47,384	246

INSTRVCTIONS for Forraine TRAVELL IN MOTV MELOS LONDON Printed by T B. for Humphrey Mosley at the Princes Armes in Paules Church-yard Ano 1642. INSTRUCTIONS FOR FORREINE TRAVELL Shewing by what cours and in what compasse of time one may take an exact Survey of the Kingdomes and States of Christendome and arrive to the practicall knowledge of the Languages to good purpose Post motum dulcior inde Quies LONDON Printed by T. B. for Humprey Mosley at the Princes Armes in Paules Church-yard 1642. To the growing Glory OF Great Brittaine Prince CHARLES A parallell 'twixt His Highnesse and the Black Prince SIR Wales had one Glorious Prince of haire and hue Which colour sticks unto Him still like You He travell'd far He won His spurs in France And tooke the King the KING ô monstrous chance Then His victorious troupes afresh He getherss And with the gray Goose-wing his shaftsnew fethers He beats a march up the Pyrene Hils And the Cantabrian clime with terro●fils To re-inthrone Don Pedro Castile's King Of which heroique Act all Stories ring Your Royall Sire travell'd so far and Thay Of all our Princes only made that way Who knowes Great Sir but by just destiny Your bunch of Youthfull Plumes may further fly But Faulcon-like You may with full summ'd wing The Eagle cuff and from his tallons wring The * Prey or in exchange seize on his Ore And fixe Your Standard on the Indian shore 'T was by b ● Charles France once the Empire got 'T was by a c Charles the Spaniard d●●ue that los Why may not Brittaine challenge the next call And by a CHARLES be made Imperiall Sic Vaticinatur IA HOWELL The Substance of this Discours OF the advantage and preheminence of the Eye Of Forraine Travell and the progresse of Learning What previous abilities are required in a Traveller A caveat touching his Religion Precepts for learning the French Language What Authors to be made choyce of for the Government and History of France Of Books in generall Of Historians and a method to reade them Of Private Meditation Of Poets An estimat of the expences of a Nobleman or of a private Gentleman a broad Advertisements for writing of Letters INstructions for travelling in Spaine Of barren and fruitful Countreys The strange contrariety 'twixt the French and the Spaniard the reasons natural accidental Of their cariage cloathing and diet c. Of the Spanish Language how to be studied and of its affinity with the Latine Of Spanish Authors The advantage of conversing with Marchants PRecepts for travelling in Italy Of the people and Language Of the Repnblique of Venice and other States there What observations are most usefull in any Countrey A digression into a politicall Discours of the Princes of Europe Of crossing the Alpes and passing through Germany Of the Court of Bruxells and the Netherlands Of the wonderfull Stratagems used in those wars The best Authors for the Belgick Story Of the States of Holland and their admired Industry and Navall strength A Discours of the vulgar languages of Europe with their severall Dialects Of the richnesse of the English Tongue Of the Pattuecos a People nere the heart of Spaine never discovered til of late yeares Of the abuse of Forrain Travell Of S. Thomas Moore Traveller Of Ptolomeys Travellers and of the most materiall use of Travel What cours a Traveller must take at his returne home Of the Parlamentary Governement of England and her happinesse therein above other Countreys Of the Mathematiques of Chymistry INSTRVCTIONS FOR Forraine Travell SECTION I. AMongst those many advantages which conduce to enrich the mind with Knowledge to rectify the Iudgement and compose outward manners Forraine Travell is none of the least But to bee a Sedentary Traveller only penn'd up between Wals and to stand poring all day upon a Map upon imaginary Circles and Scales is like him who thought to come to bee a good Fencer by looking on Agrippa's book-postures only As also to run over and traverse the world by Heare-say and traditionall relation with other mens eyes and so take all things upon courtesie is but a confused and imperfect kind of speculation which leaveth but weake and distrustfull notions behind it in regard the Eare is not so authen●●q●e a witnesse as the Eye because the Eye by which as through a cleare christall Casement wee discerne the various works of Art and Nature and in one instant comprehend halfe the whole Vniverse in so small a roome after so admirable a manner I say the Eye having a more quick and immediat commerce and familiarity with the Soule being the principall of her Cinq ports and her Centinell taketh in farre deeper Ideas and so makes firmer and more lasting impressions conveying the object more faithfully to the memory where it remaines afterward upon record in particular topicall notes and indelible characters For though I confesse with the Stagirite that Hearing is the sense of Learning and of Faith also as the holy Text tels me yet the Sight surpasseth it by many degrees if you respect the curious workeman-ship of the Organ the readiest roade to the heart and love's best Intelligencer and Usher As also for the penetrative apprehension of the object with the intuitive vertue and force of affection it worketh inwardly as we find upon good record that a heard of Sheepe conceived once by the strength of the Eye as likewise for the wonderfull quicknesse of this Sense which is such that i● makes the effect oftentimes fore-run the cause as we see the Lightning before wee Heare the Thunder though thunder be first in Nature being by the violent eruption it makes out of the Cloud the cause of such fulgurations And although one should reade all the Topographers that ever writ of or anatomiz'd a Town or Countrey and mingle Discourse with the most exact observers of the Government thereof and labour to draw and draine out of them all they possibly know or can remember Yet one's own Ocular view and personall conversation will still find out something new and unpointed at by any other either in the cariage or the Genius of the people or in the Policy and municipall customes of the Countrey or in the quality of the Clime and Soyle and so enable him to discourse more knovvingly and confidently and vvith a kind of Authority thereof It being an Act of parlament in force amongst all Nations That one Eye-witnesse is of more validity than ten Aur●cular Moreover as every one is said to abound with his owne sense and that among the race of man-kind Opinions and Francies are found to be as various as the severall Faces and Voyces So in each individuall man there is a differing facultie of Observation of Iudgement of Application vvhich makes that every one is best satisfied and most faithfully instructed by himselfe I do not meane soley by himselfe for so he may have a foole to his Master but Books also and conversation vvith

own Countrey-men and there let him apply himselfe seriously to gaine the practicall knowledge of the Language and for the time hoc agere This hee may do with more advantage if hee repaires sometimes to the Courts of Pleading and to the Publique Schooles For in France they presently fall from the Latine to dispute in the vulgar tongue So that it were not amisse for him to spend some time in the New Academy erected lastly by the French Cardinall in Richelieu where all the Sciences are read in the French tongue which is done of purpose to refine and enrich the Language Some have used it as a prime help to advance Language to have some ancient Nunne for a Divota with whom hee may chat at the grates when hee hath little else to do for the Nunnes speake a quaint Dialect and besides they have most commonly all the Newes that passe and they will entertaine discours till one bee weary if hee bestow on them now and then some small bagatels as English Gloves or Knifs or Ribands and before hee go over hee must furnish himselfe with such small curiosities but this I dare not advise him to in regard the Hazard one way may bee greater than the Advantage the other way In this retirement he must assigne some peculiar dayes to read the History of the Countrey exactly which is a most usefull and delightfull study For in History that great Treasury of Time and promptuary of Heroique actions there are words to speake and works to imitat with rich and copious matter to raise Discours upon History next to Eternity only triumphs over Time she only after God Almighty can do miracles for shee can bring back Age past and give life to the Dead to whom she serves as a sacred shrine to keep their names immortall Touching Books he must choose them as hee should do his Friends Few but Choyce ones yet he may have many Acquaintance And as for morall society the greatest Wisdome of a man is discerned in a judicious election of his friends which are as Commentaries upon one's selfe and are more necessary than fire and water as the Philosophher said So for speculative and private conversation with Authors our dead Associates there must bee must judgement used in the choice of them specially when there is such a confusion of them as in France which as Africk peoduceth always somthing New for I never knew week passe in Paris but it brought forth some new kinds of Authors but let him take heed of Tumultuary and disjointed Authors as well as of frivolous and pedantique And touching Bookes as a a noble speculative Lord of this Land said some are to be tasted only some chewed and some swallowed Hereunto I will adde that some are to be dissected and anatomized into Epitomes and Notes To this purpose for the generall History of France Serres is one of the best and for the moderne times d' Aubigni Pierre Mathieu and du Pleix for the politicall and martiall government du Haillan de la Noüe Bodin and the Cabinet Touching Commines who was contemporary with Machiavil 't was a witty speach of the last Queen mother of France that he made more Heretiques in Policy than Luther ever did in Religion Therefore he requires a reader of riperyears The most difficult taske in gaining a forrain language is to turne English into it for to translate another Tongue into English is not halfe so hard nor profitable In reading hee must couch in a faire Alphabetique paper-book the notablest occurrences such alliances and encounters of warre speciall in the last Race of the Kings that have intervened 'twixt England and France and set them by themselves in Sections When he meets with any great businesse hee must observe therein the preceding Counsels the action it selfe the motives of it and the mould wherein it was cast the progresse even of it which if successeful he must note by what kind of Instruments cōfederations cours of policy it was carried if not where the difficulties and defects lay The manner method in reading of Annalists is infinitly advantagious if one take his rise hansomely from the beginning and follow the series of the matter the Epoch of the times and regular succession and contemporarinesse of Princes otherwise if one read skippingly and by snatches and not take the threed of the story along it must needs puzzle and distract the memory wherein his observations will lye confusedly h●ddled up like a skeine of intangle silk For Sundayes and Holy-dayes there bee many Trea●ises of Devotion in the French tongue full of patheticall ejaculations and Heavenly raptures and his Closet must not be without some of these For he must make account before hand that his Closet must bee his Church and chiefest Chappel abroad Therefore it were necessary when he fixeth in any place to have alwayes one in his chamber whether to retire early and late to his soliloquies and meditations the golden keyes wherewith hee must open and shut the day and let in the night and deaths Cousin-german Peter du Moulin hath many fine pieces to this purpose du Plessis Allencour and others and let him bee conversant with such Books only upon Sundayes and not mingle humane Studies with them His Closet also must be his Rendez-vous whensoever hee is surprized with any fit of pensivenesse as thoughts of Country and Kinred will often affect one For no earthly thing exhilerats the heart more and rayseth the spirits to a greater height of comfort than conversation with God than peace with Heaven than Spirituall Meditation whereby the Soule melts into an inconceavable sweetnesse of delight and is delivered from all distempers from all tumultuary confusion and disturbance of thoughts And there is none let him have the humors never so well balanced within him but is subject unto anxiety of mind somtimes for while we are composed of foure d●ffering Elements wherewith the humours within us symbolise we must have perpetuall ebbings and flowings of mirth and melancholy which have their alternatif turnes in us as naturally as it is for the night to succeed the day For as the Physitians hold there is no perfection of corporall health in this life but a convalessence at best which is a medium 'twixt health and sicknesse so is it in the state of the mind This extends from the Lord to the Laquay from the Peasant to the Prince whose Crown is oftentimes inlayed with thornes whose robe is furred with feares whereof the Ermine is no ill Embleme having as many black spots in it as white Nor is there any thing so hereditary to mankind as vexation of spirit which doubtlesse was the ground the Pagan Philosopher built his opinion upon that the Rationall soule was given to Man for his selfe-punishment and martyrdome Man often is A tyrant to himselfe a Phalaris But as when we go abroad we cannot hinder the birds of the ayre to fly and flutter about our heads

yet we may hinder them to roost or nestle within our haire So while we travaile in this life we cannot prevent but myriads of melancholy cogitations and thoughtfull cares and longings will often seaze upon our imaginations yet we may hinder these thoughts to build their nests within our bosomes to descend from the head to the heart and take footing there if they do I told you before what 's this best cordiall to expell them thence There bee some French Poets will affoord excellent entertainment specially Du Bartas and 't were not amisse to give a slight salute to Ronzard Desportes and the late Theophile And touching Poets they must be used like flowers some must be only smelt unto but some are good to bee thrown into a Lambique to be Distilled whence the memory may carry away the Elixi● of them for true Poetry is the quintessence or rather the Luxury of Learning Let him runne over also the Proverbs of every Countrey and c●ll out the choicest of them for many of them carry much weight wit and caution with them And every Nation hath certaine Proverbs and Adages peculiar to it selfe Neither would it be time ill spent to reade Aesope in every tongue and make it his taske to relate some Fable every day to his Governor or some other by heart Thus the life of a Traveller is spent either in Reading in Meditation or in Discours by the first hee converseth with the Dead by the second with Himselfe by the last with the Living which of all the three is most advantagious for attaining a Language the life whereof consists in societie and communication let his Chamber be street ward to take in the common cry and Language and see how the Town is serv'd for it will bee no unprofitable diversion to him but for his Closet let it bee in the inner part SECT. IV. HAving by the retirement aforesaid attained to a conversable Knowledge in the French tongue hee may then adventure upon Paris and the Court and visit Ambassadors and going in the equipage of a young Nobleman hee may entertaine a Cook a Laquay and some young youth for his Page to parley and chide withall whereof he shall have ocasion enough and to get some faire lodgings to keep house of himself and sometimes he may frequent Ordinaries for it will much breake and enbolden him As for expences he must make accompt that every servant he hath whereof there should be none English but his Governour every one will stand him in 50 pounds a piece per annum And for his owne expences he cannot allow himselfe lesse than 300 l. I include herein all sorts of exercises his Riding Dancing Fencing the Racket Coach-hire with other casuall charges together with his Apparell which if it bee fashionable it matters not how plaine it is it being a ridiculous vanity to go gaudy amongst Strangers it is as if one should light a candle to the Sun The time that he spends in Paris must be chiefly employed to improve himselfe in the exercises afore-said for there the choycest Masters are of any part of Christendome Hee must apply himselfe also to know the fashion and garb of the Court observe the Person and Genius of the Prince enquire of the greatest Noble-men and their Pedigree which I recommend to his speciall consideration of the Favorits and Prime Counsellors of State the most eminent Courtiers and if there bee any famous man to seek conversation with him for it was the saying of a great Emperour that he had rather go fifty miles to heare a wise man than five to see a faire City For private Gentlemen and Cadets there be divers Academies in Paris Colledge-like where for 150 pistols a yeare which come to about 110 l. sterling per annum of our money one may be very well accommodated with lodging and diet for himselfe and a man and be taught to Ride to Fence to manage Armes to Dance Vault and ply the Mathematiques There are in Paris every week commonly some Odde Pamphlets and Pasquils dispersed and droped upon down for there is no where else that monstrous liberty yet London hath exceeded her farre now of late the more I am sory which with the Gazets and Courants hee should do well to reade weekly and raise Discours thereon for though there be many triviall passages in them yet are they couched in very good Language and one shall feele the generall pulse of Christendome in them and know the names of the most famous men that are up and down the World in action Some do use to have a small leger booke fairely bound up table-book-will wherein when they meet with any person of note and eminency and journey or pension with him any time they desire him to write his Name with some short Sentence which they call The 〈◊〉 of remembrance the perusall whereof will fill one with no unpleasing thoughts of dangers and accidents passed One thing I must recomend to his speciall care that he be very punctuall in writing to his Friends once a month at least which hee must do exactly and not in a carelesse perfunctory way For Letters are the Ideas and truest Miror of the Mind they shew the inside of a man and by them it will be discerned how he improveth himselfe in his courses abroad there will be plenty of matter to fill his letters withall once a month at least And by his Missives let it appeare that he doth not only Remember but meditate on his Friend not to scribble a few cursory lines but to write elaborately and methodically and thereby hee will quickely come to the habit of writing well And of all kind of Humane Meditations those of ones absent Friends be the pleasingst specially when they are endeared and nourished by correspondence of Letters which by a Spirituall kind of power do enamour and mingle Soules more sweetly than any embraces SECTION V. HAving Wintered thus in Paris that hudge though durty Theater of all Nations and Winter is the fittest season to be there and plyed his exercises to some perfection the fittest Countrey for him to see next is Spaine and in his Iourney thither he shall traverse the whole diameter of France one way and passing through Gascoigne and Languedoc hee shall prepare himselfe by degrees to endure the heate of the Spanish clime let him not encumber himselfe with much loggage and for his Apparell let him as soon as as he enters Spaine go after their fashion for as a Spaniard lookes like a bug-beare in France in his own ●ut so a Frenchman appeares ridiculous in Spaine nor would I advise him to cary about him any more money than is absolutly necessary to defray his expences for some in this particular have beene Peny-wise and Pound-foolish who in hopes of some small benefit in the rates have left their principall exposing their Persons and Purses to dayly hazard and inviting as it were unto them danger for their Companion and feare