johannes_n chardin_fw-fr miles_n natus_fw-la 6_o 16_o novembris_fw-la 1643._o travel_n of_o saint_n r_o john_n chardin_n into_o persia_n and_o y_z e_z east_n indies_n throug_n h_o the_o black-sea_n and_o the_o country_n of_o colchis_n london_n print_v for_o moses_n pitt_n in_o duke_n street_n westminster_n 1686._o the_o travel_n of_o sir_n john_n chardin_n into_o persia_n and_o the_o east-indies_n the_o first_o volume_n contain_v the_o author_n voyage_n from_o paris_n to_o ispahan_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o coronation_n of_o this_o present_a king_n of_o persia_n solyman_n the_o three_o london_n print_v for_o moses_n pitt_n in_o duke-street_n westminster_n 1686._o at_o the_o court_n at_o whitehal_o march_v 23._o 1685_o 6._o let_v this_o book_n be_v print_v sunderland_n p._n *_o nemo_fw-la i_o impune_fw-la lacessit_fw-la to_z the_o king_n sir_n i_o presume_v to_o present_v to_o your_o royal_a view_n the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o second_o voyage_n into_o asia_n not_o so_o much_o 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the_o preface_n this_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o my_o relation_n of_o persia_n which_o i_o have_v divide_v into_o four_o volume_n whereof_o the_o first_o which_o be_v this_o i_o now_o publish_v contain_v that_o part_n of_o the_o journal_n of_o my_o voyage_n from_o paris_n to_o ispahan_n which_o end_v in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1673._o i_o think_v it_o needless_a in_o this_o place_n to_o anticipate_v the_o reader_n expectation_n with_o recite_v any_o of_o the_o particular_n of_o it_o because_o the_o whole_a be_v deliver_v at_o large_a in_o the_o ensue_a treatise_n the_o second_o part_n which_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o my_o journal_n of_o the_o year_n 1673_o contain_v a_o general_n description_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o persia_n and_o its_o force_n together_o with_o the_o law_n government_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o persian_n of_o their_o art_n and_o science_n and_o their_o civil_a and_o mechanical_a industry_n with_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o 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it_o in_o as_o great_a a_o degree_n or_o perhaps_o great_a than_o those_o that_o have_v visit_v those_o country_n before_o i_o have_v learned_a many_o thing_n from_o the_o turkish_a and_o persian_a language_n which_o have_v not_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o that_o have_v hitherto_o write_v of_o persia_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o then_o think_v myself_o sufficient_o instruct_v for_o the_o publication_n of_o so_o complete_a a_o work_n as_o i_o intend_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o entertain_v the_o world_n with_o a_o little_a treatise_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o soliman_n which_o consist_v of_o some_o few_o curious_a matter_n of_o fact_n whereof_o i_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n and_o the_o earnest_n desire_v i_o have_v to_o improve_v my_o knowledge_n in_o that_o vast_a empire_n of_o persia_n to_o be_v enable_v to_o produce_v to_o the_o world_n useful_a and_o ample_a relation_n of_o it_o induce_v i_o to_o undertake_v a_o second_o voyage_n thither_o which_o i_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1671._o 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at_o a_o distance_n and_o keep_v himself_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n all_o the_o while_o he_o make_v his_o prayer_n the_o mingrelian_o be_v also_o every_o one_o very_o zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n and_o bravery_n of_o his_o parish-idol_n every_o one_o vaunt_v the_o exploit_n of_o the_o idol_n he_o worship_n and_o how_o courageous_o it_o have_v revenge_v he_o upon_o his_o enemy_n or_o how_o speedy_o they_o die_v that_o fall_n under_o its_o disfavour_n but_o to_o the_o image_n of_o the_o roman_a catholic_n the_o mingrelian_o pay_v not_o the_o least_o veneration_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o value_n for_o '_o they_o only_o for_o st._n george_n they_o account_v he_o their_o chief_a saint_n as_o do_v all_o the_o georgian_n muscovite_n and_o greek_n they_o have_v several_a relic_n among_o they_o of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v bring_v they_o as_o they_o say_v by_o the_o prelate_n that_o flee_v for_o shelter_n into_o those_o part_n when_o constantinople_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n our_o theatin_a monk_n have_v see_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o true_a cross_n about_o a_o handful_n long_o and_o one_o of_o the_o holy_a virgin_n shift_n the_o colour_n of_o it_o be_v something_o incline_v to_o yellow_a powder_a with_o flower_n and_o embroider_a with_o needlework_a the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v eight_o span_n the_o breadth_n four_o the_o sleeve_n short_a but_o a_o span_n in_o breadth_n and_o straight_o at_o the_o neck_n this_o shift_n be_v lock_v up_o in_o a_o little_a ebony-box_n garnish_v with_o silver_n they_o have_v also_o a_o dry_a hand_n of_o st._n marina_n enchase_v in_o gold_n adorn_v with_o several_a little_a precious_a stone_n another_o hand_n of_o st._n quiric_a with_o several_a bone_n set_v in_o gold_n and_o silver_n the_o holy_a swaddle_a clothes_n wherein_o the_o happy_a virgin_n swath_v jesus_n christ_n a_o little_a square_a box_n where_o lie_v the_o hair_n of_o his_o beard_n and_o the_o twist_v cord_n wherewith_o he_o be_v whip_v all_o which_o relic_n the_o prince_n of_o mingrelia_n have_v in_o his_o keep_n and_o when_o he_o show_v they_o to_o our_o friar_n he_o spread_v they_o upon_o a_o carpet_n where_o any_o one_o that_o will_v handle_v they_o without_o any_o veneration_n or_o respect_n for_o the_o mingrelian_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o the_o enchasement_n then_o for_o the_o relic_n themselves_o but_o as_o for_o the_o relic_n they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o value_n for_o they_o but_o handle_v they_o very_o contemptible_o their_o mass_n be_v after_o the_o greek_a manner_n which_o the_o priest_n celebrate_v without_o any_o other_o sacerdotal_a habit_n then_o only_o in_o their_o surplice_n and_o if_o they_o have_v no_o shoe_n they_o lay_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o wooden_a plank_n before_o the_o altar_n to_o stand_v upon_o if_o the_o priest_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o any_o one_o that_o desire_v a_o mass_n the_o good_a nature_a priest_n never_o trouble_v himself_o to_o go_v to_o the_o church_n to_o say_v it_o but_o present_o repair_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o wine_n lie_v and_o take_v the_o first_o plank_n that_o he_o meet_v with_o though_o never_o so_o dirty_a or_o dusty_a to_o serve_v he_o in_o stead_n of_o a_o altar_n then_o he_o borrow_v a_o old_a shirt_n or_o some_o other_o piece_n of_o linen_n to_o put_v about_o his_o shoulder_n and_o order_n a_o little_a dough_n to_o be_v give_v of_o which_o he_o make_v a_o little_a cake_n and_o bake_v it_o in_o the_o cinder_n after_o that_o he_o take_v a_o wooden_a cup_n and_o a_o dish_n for_o a_o chalice_n and_o cover_n though_o never_o so_o greasy_a and_o nasty_a which_o he_o wipe_v with_o his_o hand_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o towel_n and_o then_o say_v mass_n without_o book_n for_o the_o missal_n of_o the_o mingrelian_o be_v a_o little_a book_n write_v in_o the_o georgian_a language_n and_o several_a priest_n carry_v about_o they_o these_o missal_n all_o tear_v or_o dog's-eared_a and_o sometime_o here_o a_o leaf_n and_o there_o a_o leaf_n tear_v out_o and_o altogether_o imperfect_a but_o this_o never_a trouble_n '_o they_o they_o say_v mass_n all_o the_o while_o they_o be_v look_v for_o it_o in_o the_o missal_n and_o many_o time_n they_o have_v do_v before_o they_o can_v find_v it_o for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o they_o have_v it_o by_o heart_n nor_o be_v the_o office_n perform_v with_o any_o decency_n in_o the_o world_n for_o many_o time_n they_o talk_v all_o the_o while_n of_o other_o matter_n during_o lent_n they_o never_o say_v mass_n but_o saturday_n and_o sunday_n for_o that_o all_o the_o other_o day_n it_o behoove_v they_o to_o fast_o and_o it_o be_v a_o opinion_n among_o they_o that_o the_o communion_n spoil_v
more_o easy_a to_o the_o pursuer_n but_o if_o this_o be_v so_o observable_a that_o which_o i_o be_o go_v to_o say_v be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a which_o be_v that_o they_o assure_v i_o that_o in_o the_o part_n adjoin_v to_o tauris_n there_o grow_v no_o less_o than_o threescore_o sort_n of_o grape_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n in_o the_o neighbour_a part_n be_v to_o be_v see_v great_a quarry_n of_o white_a marble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n that_o be_v transparent_a the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n affirm_v it_o to_o be_v the_o water_n of_o a_o mineral_n fountain_n congeal_v and_o hardneed_a by_o degree_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o far_o from_o it_o two_o considerable_a mine_n the_o one_o of_o gold_n and_o the_o other_o of_o salt_n but_o there_o have_v be_v no_o work_n in_o the_o gold_n mine_n for_o this_o long_a time_n because_o they_o always_o find_v that_o the_o profit_n never_o defray_v the_o expense_n of_o the_o labour_n there_o be_v also_o several_a mineral_n water_n of_o which_o the_o most_o frequent_v be_v those_o of_o baringe_v half_o a_o league_n from_o tauris_n and_o those_o of_o seid-kent_n another_o village_n which_o be_v six_o league_n from_o the_o city_n these_o water_n be_v sulphureous_a but_o there_o be_v other_o that_o be_v cold_a other_o boil_v hot_a i_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o city_n in_o the_o world_n concern_v the_o original_a and_o first_o name_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o modern_a author_n we_o shall_v produce_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o celebrate_a only_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o persian_n call_v the_o city_n tebris_n and_o that_o when_o we_o call_v it_o tauris_n as_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n general_o do_v it_o be_v only_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o common_a custom_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v be_v the_o better_o understand_v teixera_n olearius_n and_o some_o other_o author_n maintain_v that_o tauris_n be_v that_o city_n which_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o five_o table_n of_o asia_n call_v gabris_n the_o g._n be_v put_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o t._n a_o alteration_n frequent_a in_o the_o greek_a language_n as_o they_o assert_v leonclavius_fw-la jovius_n and_o aython_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v that_o city_n which_o the_o same_o ancient_a geographer_n call_v terva_n instead_o of_o teura_n by_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n but_o terva_n be_v place_v in_o armenia_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o tauris_n be_v seat_v in_o media_n those_o two_o name_n can_v never_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o same_o city_n so_o that_o without_o doubt_n the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o word_n deceive_v those_o author_n tebris_fw-la be_v a_o persian_a word_n and_o be_v give_v to_o the_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 165._o of_o the_o hegyra_n as_o we_o shall_v declare_v more_o at_o large_a and_o therefore_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v several_a year_n ago_o since_o ptolemy_n write_v we_o must_v believe_v that_o terva_n and_o gabris_n be_v both_o very_a different_a from_o tauris_n niger_n assert_n it_o to_o be_v tigranoama_n other_o author_n take_v it_o to_o be_v tigranocerta_n some_o there_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v the_o susa_n of_o media_n so_o famous_a in_o scripture_n though_o other_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o city_n which_o in_o the_o book_n of_o esdras_n be_v call_v acmatha_n or_o amatha_n some_o place_n it_o in_o assyria_n as_o ptolemy_n and_o his_o interpreter_n other_o in_o armenia_n as_o niger_n cedrenus_n aython_n and_o jovius_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n place_n it_o in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o parthian_n calchondylas_n remove_v it_o a_o little_a far_o that_o be_v to_o say_v into_o the_o province_n of_o which_o persepolis_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n in_o short_a there_o be_v a_o strange_a confusion_n in_o the_o variety_n of_o opinion_n upon_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o most_o rational_a in_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o of_o molet_n who_o have_v translate_v and_o comment_v upon_o ptolemy_n of_o ananias_n ortelius_n golnit_v teixera_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vall_n atlas_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o modern_a geographer_n that_o tauris_n be_v the_o ancient_n and_o celebrate_a ecbatana_n so_o frequent_o mention_v in_o holy_a writ_n and_o in_o the_o ancient_a sory_n of_o asia_n minadoi_fw-la a_o italian_a author_n if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v have_v set_v forth_o a_o treatise_n to_o prove_v it_o however_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o remainder_n to_o be_v see_v at_o tauris_n either_o of_o the_o magnificent_a palace_n of_o ecbatana_n where_o the_o monarch_n of_o asia_n keep_v their_o court_n in_o summer_n nor_o of_o that_o of_o daniel_n which_o be_v afterward_o the_o mausoleum_n for_o the_o king_n of_o media_n of_o which_o josephus_n speak_v in_o his_o ten_o book_n and_o which_o he_o assure_v we_o stand_v entire_a in_o his_o time_n if_o then_o these_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n be_v standing_z not_o above_o sixteen_o age_n ago_o in_o the_o place_n where_o tauris_n now_o stand_v the_o very_a ruin_n themselves_o be_v now_o not_o to_o found_v for_o among_o all_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o that_o city_n there_o be_v none_o but_o what_o be_v of_o earth_n brick_n or_o flint_n which_o be_v not_o material_n ancient_o make_v use_n of_o in_o media_n for_o the_o build_n of_o sumptuous_a palace_n the_o persian_a historian_n unanimous_o agree_v the_o time_n when_o the_o foundation_n of_o tauris_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 165._o of_o the_o hegyra_n but_o they_o do_v not_o concur_v in_o other_o particular_n some_o ascribe_v the_o foundation_n of_o it_o to_o the_o wife_n of_o haron-reshid_a califf_n of_o bagdad_n call_v zebd-el-caton_n which_o signify_v the_o flower_n of_o lady_n they_o report_v that_o she_o be_v desperate_o sick_a a_o median_a physician_n cure_v she_o in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o which_o the_o princess_n not_o know_v what_o reward_n to_o give_v he_o bid_v he_o make_v choice_n of_o his_o recompense_n where_o upon_o the_o physician_n desire_v that_o she_o will_v build_v a_o city_n in_o his_o country_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n which_o after_o she_o have_v perform_v with_o great_a care_n and_o diligence_n he_o call_v the_o city_n tebris_fw-la as_o a_o memorial_n that_o it_o owe_v its_o original_a to_o physic_n for_o that_o teb_n signify_v physic_n and_o ris_z be_v the_o participle_n of_o ricten_n to_o power_n forth_o scatter_v abroad_o or_o give_v a_o largess_n this_o be_v what_o some_o relate_v to_o which_o there_o be_v other_o that_o tell_v a_o story_n not_o much_o unlike_a for_o they_o say_v that_o halacoucan_n general_n to_o haron_n reshid_n have_v be_v two_o year_n sick_a of_o a_o tertian_n ague_n of_o which_o he_o never_o expect_v to_o be_v cure_v be_v strange_o deliver_v from_o his_o distemper_n by_o a_o herb_n which_o he_o find_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o tauris_n now_o stand_v and_o that_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o such_o a_o fortunate_a cure_n he_o build_v this_o city_n and_o call_v it_o tebrift_n the_o ague_n be_v go_v for_o teb_n signify_v also_o a_o ague_n and_o rift_n come_v from_o the_o verb_n reften_o to_o go_v away_o but_o that_o afterward_o either_o by_o corruption_n or_o because_o it_o run_v smooth_a upon_o the_o tongue_n it_o be_v call_v tebris_n instead_o of_o tebrift_n mirzathaer_fw-mi one_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a person_n of_o quality_n that_o be_v in_o persia_n the_o son_n of_o mirza_n ibrahim_n treasurer_n of_o the_o province_n give_v i_o another_o reason_n of_o the_o etymology_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o this_o city_n be_v build_v the_o air_n be_v extreme_o wholesome_a and_o preservative_n against_o ague_n which_o extraordinary_a quality_n draw_v a_o world_n of_o people_n to_o it_o and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v tebris_fw-la as_o if_o man_n shall_v say_v the_o expeller_n of_o ague_n the_o same_o lord_n also_o further_o assure_v i_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o king_n treasury_n at_o ispahan_n certain_a medal_n with_o the_o inscription_n of_o that_o zebd-el-caton_n which_o be_v find_v at_o marant_a a_o city_n near_o to_o tauris_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v the_o coin_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o media_n and_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v other_o with_o greek_a figure_n and_o inscription_n wherein_o he_o remember_v the_o word_n dakianous_a and_o then_o he_o ask_v i_o if_o i_o know_v who_o that_o dakianous_a be_v to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o name_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v very_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o darius_n in_o the_o 69._o year_n after_o the_o