solent where sweet potions were sold which they had wont to drink hot as Lambinus upon Plautus and Adrtanus Junius witness and Plautus himself maketh manifest where he reckoneth Murrhinam passum defrutum mellinam Horatius also when he writes to Telephus in his third Book of Odes hath this saying Quo Chium pretio cadum Mercemur quis aquam temperet ignibus For Chian wine what men exact who 'll our water to warmth redact I answere that this place of Horace is nothing to the purpose for the Poet speaks of bathing so Bond upon this place quis balneum calefaciat nam veteres non nisi loti uncti discumbebant He speaks of heating of water for a bath for the ancients never sat down to meat unless bathed and oynted Lastly Juvenal in his fisth Satyr hath this saying Quando vecatus adest calidae gelidae minister When will the drawer come to give us hot and cold water And Martial in his verses made to Sextilianus the great dtinker saith thus Iam defecisset portantes calda ministros Si non potares Sextiliane merum They had lake hot water by this time Had not Sextilian drunk wine And in many other places especially Martial speaketh of Calda But I answere with Latinus Tancredus potus bifariaÌ„ intelligitur aut onim viribus ignis aut solis incaluit aut potus calidus est illa qua vel vinum quae nulla arte refrigerantur sed qualia contingit esse bibituris bibenda offeruntur Hinc Caldam Martilis appellat aquam nullo inâ—enio redditam-frigidam Drink is taken two wayes either that which is hot by fire or the Sun or warm drink is that water or wine which is are not cooled by art And so Martial calls water hot caldam that which by cunning or invention is not cooled Hieronymus Mercurialis Scribit Caldam fuisse aquam illam quae nulla arte refregeratur sed quae qualis suapte natura potituris porrigebatur Sic etiam Seneca in frigidam descendi hoc apud me vocatur parum calda Wherefore I conclude that water or wine or beer that is hot by fire or Sun is never to be given in haile and sound bodies because they be for no use but to cause nauscousness and vomiting for actual hot drink is contrary to nature which in thirst requires cold and moist drink which the nature of Beasts do make manifest for they by a natural instinct follow cold drink besides neither Galen or any other Physitian ever praescribed warm drink in the Regiment of health And if it can be proved among the ancients that they ever drank warm drink it was more for their pleasure and wantoness then for health and so L. Mercatus saith non sanitatis sed libidinis gratia potabant Calidam These are I think answeres sufficient against our Author There be other Testimonies which are by these things that have been said already answered and I will not chew my cud Occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros But I had almost past over the Chinenses which seems to be a matter of great moment That warm drink saith our Author is used at this day amongst whole nations I will prove by Giovani Petro Maffei the Jesuite who in his sixth Book of Histories writes that they of China do for the most part drink the strained liquor of an herb called Chia And Persino the Iâ—alian writes that he saw himself 3. Principes Grapponenses which came to kiss Pope Gregorie the 13. foot who drank nothing but water affirming it to be the custom of their Countrey I answere that custom hath a plenipotentionary power in diet especialy and those of China and Japonenses drink warm water from their infancie therefore natural because custom is another nature But to answere the Traveller with a Traveller and pay him in his own kind Audivi inquit Tancredus de nobiliss equite Vincentio Bune qui ea loca peragravit cos populos distillationibus obnoxios cui malo ut occurrant praesens inveniunt remedium calidam potionem So those of China and Japan are vexed with distillations and therefore drink warm drink as a remedy for their distillations So may any man that pleaseth if he be troubled with fluxes catarrhes and distillations and accustomed from their infancy may drink their drink warm And to wind up the bottom of all my discourse I will only insert a few verses out of Martial Setinum dominaeque nives densique trientes Quando ego vos medico non prohibente bibam Stultus ingratus nec tanto munere dignus Qui mavult haeres divitis esse Mydae Possideat Libycas messes Hermumque Tagumque Et potet calidam qui mihi laudat aquam When shall we drink rich wine with snow made cold Which with his glittring sparkles burnes in gold He is a foole ingrateful and not worth So great a blessing that 's Midas in s birth Let him have Iamaica gold nay much more Then Hermus Tagus and Liby an shore Let him drink cold that is discrete and waighes it And let only fooles drink warm that praise it Thus I end wishing not any of my Friends to drink warm drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΡΜΟΠΟΣΙΑΣ I Am tandem coronidis vice conclusiones quasdam tanquaÌ„ tot bases dogâ— maticae veteris doctrinae contrâ— Medicinae navatores constiâ—uere ob oculo sponere decrevi in quibus no proletarios inferioris classis criticos sed eruditos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 provocare audeo neque enin is sum quirigidas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 censuras ut decumanum fluctum aut 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 formido Conclusiones autem sunt hae sequentes Prima est Calidus potus aut tepidus nulli sano homini convenit Haec conclusio est Christoph a Vega omnium dogmaticorum cujus ratio est quod calida tepida debilitant stomachum relaxando causant vomitum ut recte Petrus Abanus Aqua calida ut etiam Gentilis super Avicennam corrumpit digestionem intelligit concoctionem nam digestio fit in fundo aqua autem calida dilatat cibum frigiditas constringit Idem docet Avicenna Galen 1. ad Glauconem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sic tepidaventriculi firmitatem dissolvunt 8. Method 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. tuend San. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cornel. Cels lib. 1. c. 3. qui vomere post cibum volet si ex facili faciet aquam tanquam tepidam ante debet assumâ—re Et quia Praesbyteriani hunc potum calidum aut tepidum solent propmare adferam pro illis Caput tertium Apocalypseos vers 16. in quem locum Arethas Caesariae Cappadociae Episcopus sic commentat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quare omnes quod sciam calidam tepidam poâ—ionem damnarunt sane neque Galenus neque ullus alius Medicus calidae potonis unquaÌ„ nisi in aegrotis mentionem fecre Unde recte Hieronymus Mercurialis Ego
discoursed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of drinking cold water and have given many reasons that cold water is not convenient in cold Countries for water keeps a proportion with winter winter with old age old age with phlegme and all these conspire with a cold Countrey And therefore in some northern Countries as Swedeland Holland men drink the strongest wines and beers that may be got And that by the advise of their Physitians and not without good reason for this is the advise of their master Hippocrater whose consel is that in winter we drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the strongest wine Now in this second Book I handle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of hot drink actually and determine against it But because I write against cold drink and warm drink some weak understanding or some prickeard critick will imagine or suppose that I am like the Satyre that did blow hot and cold Therefore I thought good to give the curteous Reader an account of the difference of these two Bookes For there is no jarring in these discourses but may stand both without contradiction or any opposition The first Book is against the Novellists This against an unknown Author Anonymus who may be was shamed of his name The first Book is of water only this is of any drink The first is limited to our Countrey This hath no limitation or bounds but is as I may say an ubiquitary the first is against water potentially cold This against drink actually warm And that the Reader may know what these termes mean I will set down briefly what is actually and potentially hot or cold if I can hit on 't Actually hot is that which is hot to the sense of feeling or touching so if a man drink broath that it doth amburere gusturem as Plautus saith this broath is actually hot For gustus est quidam tactus Actually cold is that which is cold to the touch so snow and yee are actually cold Potentially hot is that which is hot in operation in virtue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or hot in effect so wine in winter time is cold in Act but potentially hot vinum debet esse frigidum Arnoldus vill nov 1896. quoad actum non quoad effectum Potentially cold is that which cooleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in virtue effect or operation so water made hot by fire is cold in operation Now I have tould the Reader plainly what is actually and potentially hot or cold I will determine and conclude that to quench thirst which is one of the chiefest ends of drinking which is actually hot and dry t is necessary that our drink be cold and moyst actually Besides all nations drink actually cold drink ubique gentium saith Cardan Aphoris sect 3. vinum aquam bibere licet frigidissimam And t is better to follow the general consent of all nations and all Physitians then with an upstart Idiote drink warm drink And although a vaine conciept or a flie-net at the first conceit or first blush may please as Lycus his new opinion which Galen relates to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was well estemed for the present newness but worst of all and novelty is but a new itch of an old disease but at this day in hac scabie tenemus vungues we have a finger in the pie In new errours volutamour we wallow as a beetles in borsdung 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 We are in the dregs of time sumus in faece amurca mundi and as Seneca saith Meliora praetervolant deteriora succedunt quemadmodum ex amphora primum quod sincerissimum effluit gravissimum quodque turbidum subfidit sic in aetate nostra quod optimum est primum Out of antiquity run the purest streams of literature In antiquity dwells the character of Gravity and Majesty as we may see not only in aedifices statues pictures but also in Learned tenets which get sure footing to the way of eternity For when centuries of years have given their general approbations and past their solid censures all rational men pass their vâ—tes and subscribe Miramurque nihil nisi quod Libitina sacravit And if our age were well vers'd in antiquity there would be none cheated with novelties And if we had but the solid light of reason we would not be hurried away with the vaine illunation of new lights New fancies are nothing else but posterioris aevi pejores aves ill birds of this later age that cannot live long but are as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 die assoon they are born And if they last a little longer time will discover their weakness and lightness 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And although our age fortifie their imaginations with strong supposed arguments as bulworks and our new trepidations of late borrow their new moulded Religion from divine inspiration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so doth our Author support his aereal fancy with Peripatetical gravity and Galenicals solidity yet at last he must sing with Plautus Quasi solstitialis herba paulisper fui Repente exortus sum repentino occidi A Confutation of the treatise of VVarm drink ΠΕΡΙ ΘΕΡΜΟΠΟΣΙΑΣ I Know many trouble themselves with this question whether warm drink be better then cold Our Novelists though they administer cold water are wholy for warm drink This opinion they drew not from any ancient Fountaine but from a new discovered spring tanquam ex fonte Caballino or a new Hippocrene That is an English Book intitled A treatise of warm drink printed at Cambridge And this Book our countrimen follow as if the Author had been brought up as a man may say at the foot of Gamaliel or taught by the Oracle of Apollo It may be the whole University is totally converted to the drinking of warm drink by this our Author who like another Thessalus Method 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 setting in the Doctors or Professors chayer dictates canons rules of Physick 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if they were edicts of Kings and Princes without giving a reason and to speak truth our Author hath not so much as one positive reason but two or three poor objections out of Aristotle and Galen in which for want of judgment and literature he is mâ—serably mistaken as shall appear hereafter to any rational man But before I come to the maine battalia I will give you a character of our Authors grand Learning by which you may know him as Hercules by his foot ex pede Herculem For in his first page he saith that Homer with great dexterity of wit cals a Method of writing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a golden chaine He dreamt of Gold but tells us nonsense for where did Homer call Method a golden chaine Homer never wrote of Method his work it self is but a Rapsodie as the Criticks relate and of old they that sang Homer's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and rapsodoi because they sang patcht verses What madness is this I could not imagine
Majesty in them or because they understand them not few will be troubled with their heathen Greek Language obscure Phrases intricate sentences and scrupulous Method as they suppose Yet all Physitians will pretend to draw from these Fountaines All Rivers come from the Ocean and to the Ocean return again All Physick is from Galen and Hippocrates and to them owe tribute as to the Founders 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Bassus the Epigrammatist I confess reason teacheth me to make use of antiquity as from whence is all Canonical literature and so much the more because t is adverse to novelty I know all literature tota 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is immured in the Ancients The later Graecians Arabians Latines are but so many rivelets from these Oceans And that which the Novelists object is frivolous and absurd that a dwarfe standing upon a Gyants shoulder sees more then the Gyant but stay a little t is easier for a dwarfe to get upon a Gyants shoulders then for a pygmie or an ignorant Novellist to understand Hippocrates and Galen then how can they stand upon their shoulders The comparison cannot hold dwarfes can scarsly come so neer as to salute these Gyants Pettitoes Therefore how shall they rely upon their foundations And if they do they cannot see half so well as they He that can go cheeke by jowle with these Gyants in parallele is a brave fellow and he may as well span the circumference of the Heavens as go beyond them or see more then they twenty years is nothing to read and understand them and hardly sufficient to learn the Language without which they can not obtaine this difficult faculty Crato called Caesars Physitian although he was a very good Graecian cum essem inquit juvenis satis mihi erat si in quadam aviditateres prompte possem cognoscere ideoque versiones amabam nec putabam me plus visurum in Graecis quam vidissent doctiss interpretes Nunc saepe haereo in vocabulis saepe deploro quod in Gr. minus studiose versatus sum See how he deplores his unhappiness that he was no better instructed in the Greek tongue There is another objection as idle as the former they say Hippocrates and Galen are no competent judges It may be they expect new lights come from Sir Thomas Moores 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or from the Man in the Moon or what have we new Ranters and Quakers in Physick too for these are the newest lights I know of new natural reasons are as old as the world Philosophie and Physick is as old as nature her self but first written by Hippocrates nothing is new under the Sun saith the wise man There are no general notions canons axioms new coyned Yet every Farrier or any Mechanick may perchance find out some petty particular experiment Others object that there be new diseases unknown to Hippocrates and Galen as the scurvy and the French disease But I utterly deny it and so doth Julius Pacius and Langius and others of the Learned Again they object an ague ex spermate which is not in Galen Secondly that there be many symptomes which are not found in him These are tidiculous imaginations of novelty To the first I answear with Galens words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that some which conteine them selves have their head heavy forsake their meat and have agues To the second I answere that Galen would not have you deceived 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and all the interpreters confirme that Galen did not omit any symptome Nay I will be a little bolder peradventure the opinion of the circulation of the blood so highly cried up is not new though it be made more manifest by Doctor Harvie For Plato in his Timaeo seems to make mention of the circular motion of the blood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Where we see that the blood is carried circularly in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And thus much for novelties Now Reader I will give an account of my intention in this Book and the subject of it why I cite the Greek text of my Method and translating the Greek and Latine I write against the Novelists by which I understand those that deny or decline the ancient authorities and have new opinions contrary to them without solid reasons The subject of this Book is water which is the best of things according to Pindar 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And Plato quotes Pindar for it Hence cometh when the Deity please Fountaines Rivers and sourging sease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But in this large extent I do not treat my business is Physical 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is of drinking cold water which I think is hurtful in our Countrey of England And although many have indangered themselves many have lost their lives by drinking of water yet because they find no present hurt they will venter what ever come on 't though it be for nothing else but to follow the new mode of drinking it But I shall prove it hurtful by divers reasons and authorities fetcht from Hippocrates and Galen and the best Physitians And if our Novelists give not other materials of Physick more judiciously they must kill more and play with as ill luck as Thâ—mison did and kill a multitude Quot Themison aegros Autumno occiderit uno Some will object that I interlace my Book with Greek texts more for oftentation then for any necessity I answer I regard not what folly may invent The quotations are very necessary for transiations do not only vary from the Greek Copies but many times are false Therefore t is necessary to produce the original word for word especially against Novelists and such this curious age expect which shew not only the verity but majorem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 more efficacy more antiquity more Majesty and shews the dignity of the Author A testimony is not only measured by its own validity but by the Authors worth Thus the famous Oratour Cicero did mix Greek with Latin lib. 1. de officiis Ipse de meam utibitatem semper cum Graecis Latina conjunxi neque id in Philosophia solum sed etiam in dicendi exercitatione For mine own profit I alwayes joyned together the Greek with the Latine not only in Philosophy but also in the exercise of speaking Thus I imitate the great Criticks Scaliger Casaubon Schottus Mercurialis Julius Alexandrinus Langius and the Learned Duretus That I may say nothing of our own Country men who dayly quote Greek in their writings Lastly although I cite the Greek original Language yet if any man read but the English alone by it self he shall find the sense of the Greek and so of the Latine in most places Now for the Method I know it may be amended yet I fear not the juditious Critical censure as for Petty-Johns or dwarfe Criticks I regard not I know some Criticks long ago have been so bold as to find fault with the frame and order
of the great Fabrick of the world and called it blasphemously 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a confusion or confused mixture what mercy then shall I expect to find at their unmerciful censures Let them slight my Method to atomes or annihilate it I shall esteem as little of their censures And for my translation of the Greek or Latine although there may be faults yet not considerable I confess I turn most texts not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 word for word but Purposely keep the plaine sense and mind of the Author And so Plato understood Homer not as poor verbal Criticks do in these dayes non 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not according to the words but according to the mind of the Author And if any mislike the translation let them translate it better if they can so long as men be of several tempers and fancies and words have divers interpretations t is impossible to please all men in translations Lastly t is a hard matter so long as we be men not to erre in many things some we are altogether ignorant of some we judge sinisterly some we write negligently As Galen saith whose words to close all are these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Therefore curteous Reader humane errors judge charitably THE DEDICATION TO THE Right worthy and his much honoured Friends MAURICE BARROW AND JAMES COLTHORPE Esquires GEntlemen the noble expressions of courtesie which I have received from your hands beyond all merit and expectation of mine have ingaged me to be so bold as to prefix your names in the frontispice of this little Book And although truth need no Patron and falsitie deserves none for an Army cannot defend falsity when truth of it self is murus aheneus a brasen Wall Yet I humbly crave that you will be pleased to give it protection Gentlemen I assure you upon my credit that I maintain ne treason against Philosophy or any heretical opinion against Physick but the ancient verity which Hippocrates and Galen have delivered unto us Therefore in this your protection you may deserve the henour of patronizing those antique worthies whom the universal world for many centuries of years have had in sublime estimation And if you expect any of Demosthenes his Rhetorique or Ciceronian Eloquence I crave pardon and make this apologie for my self That truth may be apparelled in plaine garments and need not curiosity Philosophy and Physick are as civil matrons which neglict rich attire and splendid ornaments Sophistry is many times in rich vestments It hath bin observed many years ago that the greatest Heretiques were the Eloquentest men And garments that are perfumed with must civet and amber many times hreed a suspicion Non bene olet qui bene semper olet And as Scaliger saith non in foro versamur aut Romano comitio sed in communi Theatro sapientum sub oculis veritatis cujus supellectilem atque apparatum non tam nitidum quam opulentum esse decet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Learning hath a plaine coat without welt or guard as they say Accept therefore I pray you these plaine lines drest in a homspun English sute And if this Tractate cannot deserve your worthy acceptance Yet may it be as a monument and Testimony of my affection Thus wishing you both not only a perpetual health that you need no Physitian but also eternal happiness I subscribe Your humble Servant R. SHORTE Doctor VENNERS OPINION OF DRINKING of WATER REader since I wrote this following Treatise I found my opinion seconded and confirmed by Thomas Venner Doctor of Physick in his Book intitled Viarecta ad vitam longam which I will here transcribe to give you my Reader more satisfaction then my self His question is whether it be not wholsome for Northern people that inhabite cold Countries to drink water at their meales instead of beer His answere is That although water be the most ancient drink and to those that inhabite hot Countries profitable and familiar by reason of the parching heat of the ambient aire which doth exceedingly heat and inflame and dry the body Yet to such as inhabite cold Countries and especially not accustomed thereunto nor the constitution intensively hot requiring and forcing the same it is by the contrary in no wise agreeable for it very greatly dejects the appetite destroys the natural heat and overthrows the strength of the stomack and consequently confounding the concoction is the cause of Crudities fluctuations and windiness in the body This is the Doctors opinion and is the same with others in cold Countries where they drink strongest wines and beers by the advise of their Physitians this is not without Hippocratical authority whose counsel is to drink 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in winter and there is the same proportion with winter and cold Countries And to conclude this Doctors opinions are almost the words of Galen 1. ad Glauconem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And thus much for Doctor Venners his opinion Authors cited in this BOOK A. ADrianus Junius Aetius Alexander Trallian Alexander Aphrodis Alexander Massaria Andernacus Antonius Fumanellus Apollonius Apulcjus Argenterius Aristoteles Arnoldus de Villa Arethas Episcopus Athenaeus Avicenna B. Beroaldus Bodin D. Dioscorides Dodonaeus E. Erasistratus Eswide Etymologicum Magnum F. Fonseca Fuchsius G. Galen Garzias a Horto Gentilis Glossarium Gr. Oxoniensis Graeca Epigram Guastivinius H. Herodotus Hen. Stephanus Hieronymus Mer-curialis Hippocrates Hollerius Homerus Horatius Horatius Augenius Hugo Senensis I. Isidorus Joubert Joannis Colle Juvenal Julius Pollux Julius Alexandrinus Julius Pacius L. Lambinus Latinus Tancredus Langius Lobel M. Macrobius Manardus Mathiolus Mercatus N. Nonnus Nunnius O. Oppianus Oribasius Ovidius P. Paparella Paulus Aegineta Paulus Iurisconsult Petrus Abanus Petrus Monavius Petrus Bellonius Persiu◠Pindar Plautus Plinius Plutarch Q. Quintus Serenus R. Riverius Rhasis Roger Bacon Rondelet S. Sanctorius Scaliger Scholiast Aristophanis Seneca Simon Simonius Simonides Stephanus de Urbibus Strabo V. Vallesius Valleriola Varro Virgilius Ulpianus Iurisconsultus THE CONTENTS OF THE CHAPTERS Following I. THe four considerations of water II. Good nourishment and good Medicines may be imployed sinisterly or to a bad use III. Of indication IV. The nature of our bodies V. What is not good in cold Countries etc. VI. England is a cold Countrey etc. VII We may use stupefying things as opium and poppy as well as water VIII Whether we may not eat acornes as well as drink water IX There is no necessity or convenience of drinking of water in cold Countries X. Whether we may drink water after dinner XI Old age and children may not drink water XII Of custom that it hath a principal power in diet XIII This argument is powerful We have no custom to drinkwater XIV That wine is absolutely better then water XV. That our English beer is better then water XVI The vertues of our English beer XVII Of experience that beer is healthful XVIII Of the ill qualities of water XIX
old doting age of it as well as drink water again senes bis pueri old men are twise children And if this decrepite age will eate acornes and drink water they may be as fat as bruit swine we know hoggs are fatted with acornes and water all Country blades know this but I will tell you as much out of Homer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoggs eat sweet acornos drink water that Abundantly nourisheth their florid fat And if they nourish hoggs without question they wil nourish men for men have a similitudinary or proportionable temper to hoggs as Galen have left to posterity Therefore they will nourish men as well as hoggs But are not acornes hard of concoction and hard to passe thorough the stomack Let not that trouble your conscience for as acorns are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so water have the same attributes in Galen as shal appear aterward But they that forsake Wheat rie Barly c. for acornes and leave Wine Ale Beer for water I think they stand in their own natural light and if they had vulcanum in cornu a candle in their sconce they might peradventure see if they could find the way to Goteham But most men are the older the wiser and will not change their old custome in diet but make use of the old proverbiall saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 When that the best we find We leave the worst behind Otherwise they must be branded with weaknesse of some chimericall notions in their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or principall part that will change a faire and delicate English Lady for a simple and course wench of Toboso or Mambrino's golden helmet for a Barbers bason CHAP. IX There is no necessity of drinking of water in our Countrey for hot men THere is no solid argument to evince that we should drink water although in heat of yeares First there is no necessity for God be thanked we have plenty of rich Wine gallant Beer and nappy Ale perry cidar c if these be too hot we may drink small-beer such as is water scar'd out of its wits small-ale small-wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nec est conveniens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nec 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nostratibus neither is it convenient or profitable or according to our natures but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contrary to nature because against custome Therefore it is a fancy which no excellent Physitian ever dreamt of in our Kingdome And although Galen 8. Meth. 3. saith that hot natures 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that be haile are much helped thereby for young men are hot therefore require water necessarily to quench their heat nothing quenches a hot and dry distemper more then water and therefore in all such distempers as also in agues water is a perpetuall remedy 11. Meth. 9. Hippocrates confirmes this sentence 6. Epidem 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hot tempers or natures require cooling drinking of water and quietnesse These and such authorities are somwhat urging to abecedary criticks and in haile bodies nothing seems to speake more and nothing speaks lesse to the purpose concerning the drinking of water For Galen or Hippocrates speak not of our English water or England but is to be understood of hot countries where the custome of water is familiar and the water good and they cannot be understood otherwise And this is an answer to both Galon and Hippocrates but Galen gives Hippocrates words another answer for reciting Hippocrates words 8. Meth. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 peradventure Hippocrates gave more water than wine and in the very comment where Hippocrates hath the words 6. Epidem 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he commands to drinke water or waterish wine So Hippocrates gave in agues and acute and fierce sicknesses water with wine or dilute wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or vinum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for wine doth not exclude water The custome of those dayes so prevailing that they mixed water more or lesse with wine as Julius Pacius notes very well Thus all the authorities for water-drinkers that are deduced out of Hippocrates or Galen or their ancient authors are to be understood of water mingled with wine in hot countries and where the custome is And if Galen had known our beer he would have prescribed our small beer So Simon Simonius Physitian to the Prince Elector of Saxony gives beer in feavers Nostris hominibus qui assneti cerevisiae sunt concedi largius illa poterit our men that are accustomed to beer may drink liberally of it So Andernacus and others And they that will not drink beer may take water and wine mingled which is called dilutum and it is far beter then water Johannes Colle admires the present age in which Physitians dare not give wine and yet they are so bold to give water which both Authors condemne But here our Novice Criticks may object that we may drinke water in the heat of Summer I answer that men that are drowning in water lay hold of every twig In summer Hippocrates gave the smallest wine not water And so Galen expounds Hippocrates in the booke of Diet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hippocrates for the most part bids us drink the smallest wine in summer CHAP. X Whether we may drink water after dinner THat we may drink water after dinner seems to have great probability And it is growne much in use now a dayes This opinion appears to be taken from Cornelius Celsus lib. 1. c. 2. Vbi expletus est aliquis facilius concoquit si quicquid assump sit potione aquae frigidae includit tum paulisper invigilat deinde bene dormit that is when any man is full he concocts his meat better if he shut up his body with cold water then to watch a little and after to sleep well This authority of Cornelius Celsus is pretended that we may drink water after dinner But this authority if righly considered or understood is nothing at all to our novelists purpose For the meaning is that he that drinks wine at dinner may shut the orifice of his stomack with a cup of cold water And this we may do with small beer as well and better And had Celsus known our small-beer without question he would have advised us to it But for them that drink wine as many of the Romans did it was very convenient to drink a cup or two of water after dinner For thus the fierce qualitie of wine is repressed and made gentle and the custome of drinking of water may be introduced This is that which Plutarch confirmeth in his booke called the Precepts of health These be his words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Oribasius that excellent Physitian ad Eunapium lib. 1. cap. 14. ad Julianum Imperatorem qui vehementer calidi sunt frigidam post cibum bibant non tamen affatim nec sine vino Those that are hot let them drink water after
they have extenuated bodies besides Hectick bodies are weak 2. Aphoris 28. Therefore cannot bear cold water nor alter their custom Fiftly water is not to be exhibited where any principal part is weak or have any tumor or swelling as inflammation oedema Scirrhus or any inward part distempered as weazand stomack liver the gut colon lungs midrife reines bladder for many by the unseasonable and much drinking of water 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are presently taken with shortness of breath convulsious and tremblings as Galen notes There be other inconveniencies conveniencies but these are enough to make a man fearful 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to give water CHAP. XXIII A recapitulation of the former Chapter out of Riverius IN this Chapter I will adde a recapitulation out of Riverius a later Author in his Book of Agues For as much saith he as belongs to cold water Galen commands to give so much as the patient may look pale and be cold all over the body and by that meanes the fiery heat of an ague may be extinguished the solid parts corroborated the unprofitable humors evacuated by sweats urin and stooles but concerning the exhibition of water Galen gives many cautions that is to say that in the vigour of an ague the signes of concoction appearing the patient be accustomed all the inward parts firme the body full of good juyce a temper quadrate and have strength there must be no gross and slimy humors or any tumor in the internal parts neither in the stomack weazon nor the nerves weak Other-wise if these conditions faile they that drink water are in danger to incur difficulty of breathing the dropsy lethargy and some other grevous disease But obsolevit hoc remedit genus this kind of remedy in this our age to observe is difficult and out of the praeposterous use much danger may ensue therefore 't is abolished Thus far Riverius who although he doth not cite Galens words punctually Yet any that have the eye of reason may plainly and evidently understand that this old course of drinking of water in agues is vanished into smoak and grown out of date as an old Almanack CHAP. XXIV Whether water be good in the palpitation of the heart gout or dropsy THe novelists are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they will do wonders with water and cure many diseases with it I know at this present a worthy Gentle man having the palpitation of the heart drinks water I know others that drink water in the gout and some have drank it in dropsies Therefore I will handle of these 3. diseases in order as they be propounded First Hierony nius Mercurialis monet ab aquae potu abstinendum esse in coâ—dis paltatione water is not good in the palpitation or beating of the heart For this disease is cold therefore requires rather hot then cold Medicines contraries are cured by contraries a cold sickness requires hot Medicines but the palpitation of the hart is a cold sickness Galen de tremore cap. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The cause of palpitation that is the substantial cause is a Spirit or wind the quality of this substance is waterish and thick Therefore t is cold but water cannot cure could and waterish nor the substance or essence of this Spirit which is cold For Galen in the same place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The cause of the palpitation is a gross clowdy dark and flatulent spirit Therefore colder ages are subject to this palpitation a cold temper cold region winter an idle life men given to repretion and much drinking meats cold and flatulent to conclude all in a word whatsoever cooles the body And Galen addes presently after that the ancient Physitians found out remedies for the palpation which do heat and extenuate and 4. de locis affectis he teacheth the very same handling of the palpitation of the heart But water hath not a heating and extenuating faculty Therefore it cannot be a good Medicine for this Symptome Secondly water is no good Medicine for the gout As for a cold gout I think no rational man will grant cold water a convenient remedy Then for an hot gout which is a kind of inflammation 't is probable that water may do well but all is not gold that glisters nor every argument that is apparently true is true For as I said before they that aime at a few circumstances are easily deceined There be many to be considered in the gout as Cardan teacheth 1. The weakness of the joynts 2. The latitude of the veines 3. A crude matter 4. An impulsive power But if in all gouts there be crudities water cannot be a good remedy Galen forbids water in crudities least it cause more crudities Wherefore Galen commends 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 treacle which coÌ„sumes the superfluous moysture and cruditie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Et statim 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Besides although it be an hot gout the joynts are of a cold temper which are much damnified by water Last of all the gout happens for the most part to them that have a cold stomack and to men in yeares to both these water is no small adversary Thirdly in dropsies water is worst of all for all dropsies are of a cold distemper of the liver whence spring flegme water wind which are the brats of a distempered liver Alexander Massar aquae potio si quid aliud aqua inter cutem laborantibus est adversissima adeo ut Avicenna illius quoqu visionem prohibeat The drinking of water is most contrary to dropsies in so much that Avicen forbad to look upon water Massari had this from Galen as all rivolets have from the Ocean for he saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Water is most adverse to hydropical men both as drink and bath CHAP. XXV Three objections Answered NOw I will answear to two or three objections and so make an end The first is that custom is not necessary in the exhibition of water in sickness and Alexander Massaria a famous Physitian of Padua is of opinion that custom is not to be esteemed among necessary conditions and if other conditions agree we may give cold water to those that are not accustomed This assertion is proved out of Galen 9. Meth. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scribendum where some that were not accustomed were compelled to drink cold water in a burning feaver they received no hurt at all I will adde another text 9. Meth. 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 We have often seen many that were in burning feavers when the humors are indifferently concoct freed from their feaver with drinking of cold water although they were not accustomed to drink it But to end this controversy and answere Massaria I distinguish that hot distempers are either moderate as Hecticks diaries and indifferent agues or they are such distempers as Hippocrates and Galen call fire absolutely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and such are 〈◊〉
am perswaded that this is the Authors own invention for he neither quotes Book nor Chapter nor Author right for there never was any such Physitian that ever I could learn 2. No Physitian ever gave calidissimum most hot drink at any time of the year and much less in the spring 3. No Physitian ever gave absolutely luke-warm drink in Summer or at any time of the year in haile constitutions 4. If Philostinus gave drink as hot in the Spring as in Winter he was in an errour for middle constitutions require middle temperatures of drink as Hippocrates de diet 3. His next authority is Athanaeus in his 8. Book speaking of Strationicus the Harper who called Rhodios delitiis exolutos calidum bibentes albos Cyrenaeos Rhodiumque oppidum civitatem porcorum That is Strationicus the Fidler for so H. Stephen and other expound Citharaedum although it signifie also a Harper but the word is more generally taken call them of Rhodes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 luxurious and warm drinkers comparing them to Hogs This considered the place is nothing to the purpose Luxurious men have drank warm drink but the question is not de facto but de Jure as the Lawyers speak whether or no haile men may drink it in the Regiment of health Luxurious men have drank and eat that which was not justifiable to reason Some have drank poison but who will warrant it upon good grounds In this answere we may note that our Author is mistaken when he compares the City of Rhodes to Hogs for in Athanaeus there is no such thing the Greek words are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vocat a City of suters he mistakes procos pro porcis Thirdly Julius Pollux in his Onomasticon propounds this question whether the ancient drank their water hot and concludeth they did I answere That Pollux bringeth authority out of Homer and Hippocrates but confesseth them to be invalid and weak but at last he bringeth out of Philemon that calda solida est vendita 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that hot water was sold for a forthin which saying as Pollux affirms doth manifestly argue the drinking of warm water I answere that this argument is not evident for two reasons First is not probable as also H. Mercurialis assert that boiled water was sold for so poor a price Secondly calda is potable water they called caldam therefore Philemon understands aquam potabilem Seneca Ab hac defatigatione mag is quam exercitatione in frigidam descendi Hoc apud me vocatur parum Calda But of this more in the tenth authority Fourthly Apulejus lib. 2. de aureo asino Fotis arripit poculum ac desuper aqua calida injecta porrigit ut biberem Fotis takes the Cup and from above pouring in warm water offers it me to drink I answere that calida aqua is not water hot actually but cold yet it was made hot purposely to receive the more coldness for the ancients drank their drink very cold So Beroaldus upon this place out of Plâ—nie Neronis Principis inventum est decoquere aquam vitroque demissam in nives refrigerare Ita voluptas frigoris contingit sine vi iis nivis Item calefactam magis refrigerari subtilissimo invento T is the invention of Nere the Prince to boile water and in a glass let it down into snow to coole it so the pleasure of the coldness is tasted without the offence of the snow for all water decocted or boiled is more profitable and that water made warm is made more cold by a very subtile invention You see they did not drink hot water but very cold putting the boiling water into snow And of this custom Galen speaks 7. Meth. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and I gave not only Fountaine water but such as was cooled with snow as they had wont to prepare it at Rome first heating the water which they call decoction But for further proof saith our Author I will prove it both by the ancient writers of prose and also Poets that the Romanes used it And first Varro defining this word calix saith it comes of the Latine word ealidus because in it calidus apponebatur potus hot drink was served I answere that thus we read in Varro Calix a caldo quod in ea calidus potus apponebatur caldum in eo bibebant Caldum is not here to be understood water hot actually but such as Neroes decoction was in the last answere Secondly calix is not a calda as Varro but rather a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Macrobius or as Isidore because calices were made of wood for the Grecians call all kind of wood 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. I ask why our Author amongst the Romanes begins first with Varro when before this he had proved it out of Apuleius Surely he takes Apuleius to be a Grecian not a Romane The sixth is Paulus the Lawyer speaking of the difference between the Vessels that they heated in saith there is no great difference between Cacabus and Ahenum for in the first they boâ—le their meat and in the other their water to drink I answere that the ancient boiled their meat not only in cacabis but in abenis Virgil. Pars in frusta secant virubusque trementia figunt Littore ahena locant alii flammasque ministrant Secondly they did not drink in ahenis but rather boiled their water in them for ahenus is a Vessel to prepare hot water and so is miliarium which word is expressed in the glossary very well 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Vessel to heat water in Athenaeus calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But all this is nothing to the purpose we confess the ancients had Vessels to heat water in but that they drank actual hot drink we deny especially in the Regiment of health The next is Plautus in his Comedy of the Vaunting Souldier in these very words Quia enim absorbui Nam nimis calebat amburebat gutturem I supped it for it was so hot it burnt my throat Again the same Author in another Comedy brings forth Labrax speaking to Neptune in these words Edipol Neptune es balneator frigidus Cum vestimentis posteaquam abs te abis algeo Nec Thermopolium quident ullum ille instruit Ita salsam praebet potionem frigidam Truely Neptune thou art a cold bath-keeper Since I came from thee I freeze in my Clothes Neither doth he keep any hot water shop He gives us so salt and cold a potion I answere that Plautus doth not in any of these places handle of hot or warm water to drink or quench thirst but of warm potions which were sweet And Lambinus upon the words of Plautus affirms that the ancients delighted in warm potions which were mellitae and were to be sold in Thermopoliis Neither is Thermopolium a hot water shop as our Learned Author unfornately imagines but a place where dulces potiones vendebantur quas calidas bibere