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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A39795	Israel redux, or, The restauration of Israel, exhibited in two short treatises the first contains an essay upon some probable grounds, that the present Tartars near the Caspian Sea, are the posterity of the ten tribes of Israel / by Giles Fletcher ; the second, a dissertation concerning their ancient and successive state, with some Scripture evidences of their future conversion, and establishment in their own land / by S.L.	Fletcher, Giles, 1549?-1611. Tartars, or, Ten tribes.; Lee, Samuel, 1625-1691.	1677 (1677)	Wing F1333; Wing L898; ESTC R2002	48,660	138

the Jews wherein he exhorts them to obey the Romans and expostulates thus What do you stretch your hopes beyond the River Euphrates Do any of you think that your fellow Tribes will come to your aid out of Adiabene Besides neither will they upon so unreasonable account engage themselves in this so great a war neither if they would assent to so evil an enterprise will the Parthian permit it c. Whence we learn that in the account of Josephus in an Oration to the Jews themselves the Israelites or 10 Tribes were still resident in Adiabene the Country so called beyond Mesopotamia from the River Ahava or Adiaba or Lycus as we have before recited again in his book of Antiquities which he testifies to have written in the 13th year of Domitian and the 56th of his own age reciting the return of Esdras he asserts that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 those of the same Nation in Media having received a Copy of the Letter of the King of Persia were overjoyed and that many of them came to Babylon with a desire to return to Jerusalem and then adds further 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But the whole body of the People remained still in that Country that is of Media so that onely 2 Tribes residing in Asia and Europe are obedient to the Romans But the ten Tribes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are yet still beyond Euphrates many ten thousands not to be reckoned or their numbers to be known which concords with the Prophecy of Ezechiel that there are some of Israel mixt with Judah but all the House of Israel that is far the greater part and therefore more genuinely to be called the House of Israel were the Companions of Ephraim and both are to be united into one body in the latter day and brought into their own Land and become one Kingdome under David the second the Messiah and anointed Prince of the Covenant for ever But as to the testimony of Josephus what can be more plainly exprest then that the ten Tribes were yet still in the Land of Media under the Parthian Princes and that even to innmerable multitudes in his days and this by the King of the Jews in the hearing both of Jews and Romans and though some of them had formerly come up with Judah yet the main body of the ten Tribes remained still to that day in their old habitations To proceed the Author of the Book of Esdras writes a Story of the travel of the 10 Tribes into Regions far distant from their first settlement under the name of Arsareth let the merit of that Story be what it will I improve it for no other scope then a testimony among the Jews that their fellow Tribes were then in his days in a state of irreduction The Author of that Tract lived and wrote about the year of our Lord 100 and about 30 years after the ruine of Jerusalem as the Learned Dr. John Rainolds hath exhibited in his prelections upon the Apochryphal Books The next testimony shall be out of Origen who speaking of Israel distinct from Judah that he sinned against God under Jeroboam so greatly that he was delivered into the hands of Assyria 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Scripture saith to this very day wherein he seems to continue that Scripture expression to his own time there being no token or tidings of their return Now Origen dyed in the year of our Lord 254. Let the good Anchorite at Bethtem succeed who in his Comment upon Joel on these words of the holy Prophet Chap. 3. 6. The Children of Judah and Jerusalem c. ye have sold to the Graecians Thus Jerome Filii Juda Jerusalem néquaquam Israel decem tribuum quae usque hodie in Medorum Vrbibus Montibus habitant The ten Tribes dwell in the Cities and Mountains of Media to this very day And treating again about the same Tribes in his notes upon Hoseah hath these words usque hodie Persarum regibus serviunt nunquam est earum soluta Captivitatis They serve the Persian Princes to this very day and their Captivity hath never yet bin released Now Jerome dyed in the year of our Lord 421. With this age likewise concurs Sulpitius Soverns who wrote 45 years after the Consulship of Arbitio and Lollianus A. C. 355. and that fell in with the year 400. These are his words decem vero i. e. tribus per Parthos Medos Indos atque Aeihiopas dispersae nunquam in solum patrium sunt regressae bodieque barbararum gentium imperiis continentur But the ten Tribes dispersed among the Parthians Medes Indians and Aethiopians never returned to their ancient inheritance but are subject to the Seepter of Barbarous Princes This Author flourished about the year of our Lord 420 as Trithemius and Bellarmine witness in their Tracts of Ecclesiastical writers I might insert a story out of Orosius l. 3. c. 7. about the Jews in Hircania and Eusebius Chron. p. 136. but I shall not inlarge The next witness may be taken from Benjamin the Jew of Tudela in Spain who travelled and wrote under the Pontificate of Alexander the third and finisht his ramblings A. 1173. as L'Empereur observes in his notes upon that itinerary he acquaints us that in the City of Samarcand the Seat of Tamerlane that great Tartarian Conqueror there were near 50000 Israelites under the Presidency of Rabbi Obadiah and that in the Mountains and Cities of Nisbor there be 4 Tribes of Israel resident sc of Dan Zabulon Asher and Napthali perhaps the Ephthalitae of Theophanes p. 79. and the Euthalitae of Procopius p. 67. in Photius his Bibliotheca which Salmanasser had carried Captive Now although several passages in that Treatise seem incongruous and beyond credit yer so far he may be admitted as to joyn issue with the harmonious Opinion still current among the Jews that their Brethren of Israel or ten Tribes still remain in the North and North-East parts of Persia Mathew Paris may follow as a further witness about the Jews in his time attempting to convey Armes in Barrels to the Tartars for their aid against the Christians in the East believing that the Commons of Tartary were of the Race of those Israelites whom Alexander of old had shut within the Caspian Mountains The Story is too long for recital which he mentions in the year 1241. and is rehearsed onely to our purpose that it was then a current Opinion that the Tartars and Cumans near the Castle Cumania in the Straights of Caucasus Plin. l. 6. c. 11. were of the Posterity of Israel and as yet in his time in their state of dispersion by the Caspian Sea To this purpose I would not let slip what I met with in Bradwardin that famous Champion of free grace who treating about Miracles writes from the Scholastical History of Petrus Comestor as I suppose that when Alexander the

Tartars And a little after v. 26. Then dwelt they there till the latter time but when they shall come forth again the most High shall hold fast the springs of the River to wit Euphrates that they may pass through therefore sawest thou the multitude peaceably Where he tells that this return of the holy people over Euphrates towards their Country in the latter times is meant of the Israelitish 10 Tribes who were carried Captive by the Assyrians who after the manner of that people would live alone not commixed with other Nations and therefore brake out of the Colonies where they were placed by the Assyrians and went from thence to a remote and inward try as is Tartaria from the society of other men which cannot be said of the Jewish Tribes who notwithstanding by the example of those other Tribes shall be encouraged to joyn together and to march likewise out of the places where now they are towards the Country of Judea without any impeachment or resistance of other Nations As for the manner of their passing over the said River whether it shall be actual drying of the River or a removing of all impediments which may stop or hinder their speedy passage in this their expedition towards their Country I will not argue it at this time That it shall be an actual exiccation of the River with no less miracle then the drying up of the Red Sea or River Jordan when they passed towards the Land of Canaan that so this work of God which shall be famous in all the World even the restoring of this people may be observed by other Nations with great reason and probability is affirmed by Th. Brightman the last interpreter of that Book whom God endued with special gifts and great brightness after his name for the full clearing and exposition of that Prophecy above all that hitherto have written of it FINIS A DISSERTATION concerning the Place and State OF THE dispersed Tribes OF ISRAEL By S. L. THIS Discourse may be divided into 4 partitions 1. Whether the Israelites the ancient and true proprietors of the Land of Canaan by Gods immediate promise donation and their own actual possession were driv'n 2. Where probably they reside at this day 3. Whether they shall return to their ancient propriety in that Land which is now become part of the Turkish Dominions 4. When shall be the time of their restitution As to this disquisition I shall first consider the state of the ten Tribes and then glance upon the two Tribes remaining in the Land for a while after the dispersion of the former The Ten Tribes Here I shall not be anxious about the numbring of the 10 Tribes Whither after their first secession from the house of David part of them did remain with Judah that is whether Simeon and Dan whose Lands were parcelled out of the great territory of Judah and lay West of that Tribe towards the midland Sea did continue within the bounds of the Kingdom of Judah As to that we must herein acquiesce that holy Scripture tells us that 10 Tribes did revolt from Rehoboam the Son of Solomon though its certain that several out of all the Tribes of Israel came up after the Priests to sacrifice to the Lord God of their Fathers at Jerusalem and 't is very probable from their religious inclination to pure worship and the hazard of returning that many might sit down and live under the dominion of Judah We shall then take in the whole Kingdom of Samaria or as commonly called the Kingdom of Israel under the name and title of the 10 Tribes in this disquisition because made up of far the greater part of both the Tribes and people and also the quantity of Land and possessions This Kingdom first raised to that distinct state and dignity by Jeroboam Son of Nebat was scituate in the North of Judah and had at first Shechem for the Royal City Then Tirzah and lastly Samaria In the first place let 's enquire whither these 10 Tribes were carried Captive For answer to this query we find in sacred Page that the Land of Israel was thrice assaulted by the Assyrian Emperors The 1st impress made upon that Country was by Pul possibly Sardanapalus as might be spoken to in reference to Nineve and Scripture Chronology This was acted in the Reign of Menahem who payd to him a 1000 Talents of Silver and diverted him from any further attempts only that the rod of Gods anger was shaken over the Land The Second inrode was performed by Tiglath-Peleser who seems to be the same with Belesis the 1st King of the Assyrians after the revolt of the Medes This Prince took many of their Cities and conquered Gilead and Galilee and all the Land of Napthali and carried the People Captive to Assyria He transported the Reubenites Gadites and the half Tribe of Manasses on the East of Jordan unto Halak and Habor and Hara and to the River Gozan So that in the Book of Kings we find the Country mentioned at large and in Chronicles the particular places to which they were conveyed The 3d. and last aggress was managed by Salmanasser mentioned by Eusebius in his Greek Canon p. 46. who in the 9th of Hoshea sweeped the Land of its inhabitants and carried them to Halak and Habor by the River Gozan and into the Cities of the Medes Hence we may observe in general that the ten Tribes were carried into Assyria and Media as to Media no particular places are mentioned but in Assyria Halah Habor Hara and Gozan the scituation whereof I shall a little examine 1. Halah written in the Hebrew with Cheth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chalach which letter is sometimes turned into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks The 70. such as we have read the text thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if Hala and Habor were the names of 2 Rivers along whose banks the Israelites were placed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some think to be the Original of the name and people of Cholchis between the Euxine and Caspian Seas but they came from Cashuhim in Aegypt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But we must seek it in Assyria and accordingly we find a Country called Calacine by Ptolomy placed above Adiabene belonging to Assyria It s termed Chalachena by Strabo and seated in the North part of Assyria between the River Tigris and Lycus and separated from Armenia by the Mountain Niphates The inhabitants it may be are the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dionysius if not the Calneh in Genesis and Isaiah The Province at this day is called Chalcal by Olearius The chief Cities of old were Marde Dithaba perhaps Bithlis now Savara Bessara c. At this day those places are near unto and South west of the Mountains Sehend and Etwend and the Cities are Hemadan Sultanie and Senkan for the River which runs a little

in Stephanus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and likely ist he same with the Candis in Ptolomy upon the River Cyrus which Amimus affirms to have its name from Cyrus the Great the old name being abolisht which with other Cities he places in terris Syromedorum in the Country of the Syrians of Media This may insinnuate that the estimated Fable of Ezra concerning the Israelites travelling from their first seat to some remoter places as Arsareth is nothing but a small remove to some more distant Cities North of Armenia and near the Caspian Sea where Ptolomy places the City Arsarata in Lat. 43. 30. on the River Araxis and possibly is the ancient name of the Modern City Arzerum or near it mentioned by Golius out of Abulfeda and very likely is no other then Ariarsathea in the Authentical Collations From all the foresaid disquisition we may collect 1. That I hope with submission to the Learned that the true place is discovered where these 10 Tribes were first seated and from whence they did further Colonize and spread and scatter about in various dispersions by the Caspian Sea and at length grew so numerous that part of the Regions of Media received the denomination of Syro-Media partly from the Tribes of Israel and partly from the Syrians of Damascus who were captivated into the Country of Kir not Cyrene as some have imagined but by the banks of the River Cyrus To confirm this assertion Ptolomy that great Astronomer and Geographer of Pelusium in Aegypt says that this Syro-Media did extend it self 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 on the South of Media all along the Borders of Persia Nay Amimanus expresly determines Ecbatana the true Achmetha in Ezra in the very Country of the Syro-Medians 2. We may infer that these ten Tribes were at first placed in the Northern Frontires of the Assyrian Empire towards part of Armenia and Media which were then under the Kings of the Medes ever since the starting up of that Kingdom at the fall of Sardanapalus and the rising of Arbaces But let thus much serve in answer to the first Query whither the 10 Tribes were carried The 2d Question moved was where these ten Tribes may probably yet seem to reside at this day In answer to this Query I shall endeavour to shew from their first deportation by a chain or link of times from age to age how we may discern as by a lamp of successive Writers where to scituate their present residence As to the first place of their fixation by the Conquering Assyrian where should they be found but where God himself says they were so far forth as we have light from the Holy Scriptures of truth But the Sacred Scripture directly asserts that at the time of the penning of that portion in the book of Kings that they were in those Cities of the Medes to this day and that the Samaritans were placed in theit room to this day where also mention is made of their continuation to the 4th Generation The Author also of the book of Chronicles declares the Israelites to reside in those seats of their Captivity to the day of his writing Now whoever wrote that book or annexed the additions to it for it seems to be composed by parcels at the dictate of the Spirit of God plainly recites the tenth Generation after the time of the Captivity of Judah and yet had asserted the duration of Israel in the state of Captivity so that they returned not when Judah came back again but were still in their captivated station at the additionals to that book yea even to the tenth Generation The Series whereof stands thus Zorobabel 1 Hananiah v. 21. 2 Pelathiah and Jesaiah 3 Rephaiah v. 21. 4 Arnan 5 Obadiah 6 Shecaniah 7 Shemajah 8 Neariah 9 Elioenaj 10 Hodajah c. v. 25. The Septuagint the vulgar translation the Syriak and Arabick v. 21 read Et filius ejus and his Son as if they had found it in the Hebrew text 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So that if we place Zorobabel at the building of the 2d Temple according to the learned Vsher A. M. 3485. and give to each Generation but 30 year apeice that is in the whole 300 and add them to the year 3485 they produce the year of the world 3785. Untill which time at the least by the testimony of Scripture the Israelites were still in a state of Captivity and dispersion Though Lavater be of Opinion that these 10 Generations contain the progression of a linage to the very time of our blessed Lords Incarnation which at present I shall leave in bivio and undiscussed But I may not pass over an Objection made to that expression there to this day which arises from the same phrase applied to the Ark although it were taken away at the Captivity of Judah To which it may be answered that the text about the Ark must be considered with analogy to other places Now the History of the Kings and Chronicles does by clear consequence assert the Ark to be carried away in that it affirms that all the Vessels of the House of God great and small and the Treasures of the House of God were taken away and that all the Vessels of Gold in the Temple which Solomon had made called the goodly Vessels of the House of the Lord were carried away together with Jeconiah at his Captivity wherefore Lavater sticks not to expound those general and comprehensive expressions of the Ark Tables and Candlesticks as well as of all the inferiour Vtensils and implements So that though the Ark may be said to have bin in the Temple to the day when the former part of that book was written yet the last Chapter determines its removal among the other costly and glorious Ornaments of the first Temple But as to the ten Tribes the sacred Author of that History having declared them to have continued in Media at the time of his writing of that Chapter neither Ezra or whoever might finish up that Chronicle does in least measure intimate the alteration of their estates but leaves them there without any notice of their reversion but having asserted them to be carried thither and to have persisted in their tragical state to the day of the exaration or penning of those books even to the tenth Generation which whether it concern a Genealogie of persons reaching to the Incarnation of our Lord though we cannot certainly determine yet however ever for some hundreds of years after their deportacion In the next place we read of their remaining still in Captivity in the days of Josephus who wrote under the Reign of Vespasian and his testimony if worthy of any credit ought to pass for currant as to matters of his own Nation Historically considered in his own time In his books then of the Wars of the Jews which were written before his antiquities we read a speech made by King Agrippa to

Israel Redux OR THE Restauration of ISRAEL Exhibited in Two short Treatises The First contains an Essay upon some probable grounds that the present Tartars near the Caspian Sea are the Posterity of the ten Tribes of Israel By Giles Fletcher LL. D. The Second a dissertation concerning their ancient and successive state with some Scripture Evidences of their future Conversion and Establishment in their own Land By S. L. Isa 11. 11. The Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his People c v. 12. and shall assemble the Out-casts of Israel and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four Corners of the Earth Jer. 33. 7. I will cause the Captivity of Judah and the Captivity of Israel to return and I will build them as at the first LONDON Printed by S. Streater for John Hancock at the three Bibles in Popes-head Alley in Cornhill 1677. THE PREFACE OR EPISTLE TO THE READER Pious Reader HAving obtained this Manuscript of Dr Fletcher's from his Grand-son Mr. Phineas Fletcher a Worthy Citizen of London together with his kind leave to pass it into Publick Light give me I pray the liberty of a line or two to acquaint thee that this Author was a faithful Agent for Q. Elizabeth of Famous Memory at the Pallace of the great Czar of Moschovy and hath given us some fruits of his inquisitive travels in a Book of the State Affairs and customs of that large Dominion Having also collected some Observations about the Tartars Confining upon those Territories near the Caspian Sea composed this ensuing Tract endeavouring by some probabilities to evince that they may be the Posterity of the 10 Tribes of Israel antiently carried Captives by Salmanasser into the Northern Mountainous Crags of Assyria and Media or at least that they are at this day mixed among those Barbarous Nations ingeniously leaving the full determination to farther and future inquiries of Merchants and Travellers to be discuss'd and argu'd among the Learned I shall not be bold to interpose any private conceptions any further then that it seems to yield the best satisfaction in this point that I ever yet had the opportunity to peruse and therefore recommend to sober and candid persons a modest and kind resentment of so modest and grave an Author and till they can light their Candle at a brighter Lamp be thankfully content to follow his Lanthorne among the Caspian Streights and the rigid Tops of Schythian Caucasus or else without noise to lye down in their home-sleepy Cavernes till the Righteousness of Zion shine forth as brightness and the salvation thereof as a Lamp that burneth Not doubting but when the Israelites have finish'd their appointed times of dispersion in that and other Lands of their further and remoter wandrings and intermixtures that they shall as certainly return to as ever they went out of their Ancient Land For the Mouth of the Lord hath spoken it To which purpose I have connexed a Dissertation about their first Exile State and their continuance in those and some of the Adjaceut Regions in suceeding Ages The certainty of their return in Gods due time after the destruction of Antichrist to a very glorious estate both Spiritual and Temporal to adore our blessed Lord the Crucified Messiah the King of Kings and Lord of Lords when the Tribes of that Land shall look upon him whom they have pierced and mourn as for an onely Son and be in bitternss as for a First-born when the Lord shall make them an eternal excellency the joy of many Generations when that people shall all be righteous and shall inherit their Land for ever The Lord will hasten it in his time Let us pray for Israel as once that Church did for us We have a Sister and she hath no breasts For alas they were cut off by the barbarous Heathen that she may prove an Amazon or like the Schythian Queen Tomyris succesful against all her enemies If Zion be a wall rebuilt again let us build upon her a Palace of Silver If a Door let 's enclose her with Boards of Cedar Make hast O Beloved Saviour unto both the Flocks of thy Companions of Israel and the Nations and be like a Roe or a young Hart upon the Mountains of Spices So prays a humble and hearty wel-wisher to the brightness of Israels Rising Samuel Lee. August 7. 1667. THE TARTARS OR Ten Tribes By Giles Fletcher LL. D. That the Tartars are the Ten Tribes who were carried Captives and transplanted by the ASSYRIANS WHAT is become of those Ten Tribes who were subdued and carried Captives by the Assyrians and whether they live and hold together as a People apart or by themselves or are confused with other Nations and where they are is often questioned by Divines but not resolved solved for ought I know with any reasonable probability That they have lost their name and the distinction of their Tribes is more then probable for that no Nation of the World are called Israel and so divided by their Tribes at this day as anciently they were called Neither was there cause why the distinction of their Tribes should be continued seeing that the end for which this people are dispersed by God himself is fully passed and accomplished long a goe For that men might know where to look for that blessed Seed it pleased God to Elect one Nation of all the World and out of that Nation one tribe or kindred and out of that Tribe one house or family whereof the Messias should be born teaching in the Flesh who being now come there is no cause why the distinction of their Tribes should still continue Onely the Jews or Tribe of Judah retain their name but are so commixed with that of Benjamin as that they are and long have been ed by one name so that neither the Benjamites nor the Jews can tell of whether Tribe they came But that these Israelitish ten Tribes are somewhere extant and by Gods Providence as a People kept intirely and inconfused with other Nations is plain by this For that they were not quite destroyed no nor dispeopled but onely captived and transplanted by the Assyrians and because all Israel whereby is meant the whole Nation shall be called to the acknowledgment of Jesus Christ to be the Messias so long expected and yet refused by that People when he came Which General Calling cannot be true except those Tribes be still continuing and somewhere extant in the World to be conjoyned and re-united into one Nation as once they were As for those other 2 Tribes to wit of Judah and the other of Benjamin which for their notable infidelity and contempt of Gods Son are made a spectacle to the World and plagued by God with this so horrible a desolation and dispersion through the World It is well known both where they are and how they live not distinguisht by their Tribes nor yet united