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the_o truth_n and_o myself_o if_o i_o shall_v at_o such_o a_o time_n be_v altogether_o silent_a especial_o since_o i_o may_v probable_o divert_v many_o who_o will_v otherwise_o be_v forward_o to_o appear_v against_o we_o by_o let_v they_o see_v how_o defensible_a our_o doctrine_n be_v even_o against_o such_o adversary_n as_o hose_n i_o have_v reply_v to_o and_o this_o course_n i_o the_o rather_o choose_v that_o in_o case_n i_o shall_v henceforward_o comply_v with_o those_o who_o will_v have_v i_o forbear_v to_o write_v any_o further_a of_o these_o controversy_n it_o may_v not_o be_v present_o infer_v from_o my_o silence_n that_o a_o good_a cause_n can_v enable_v a_o pen_n no_o better_o than_o i_o to_o defend_v it_o but_o i_o scarce_o doubt_v but_o that_o intelligent_a reader_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v imbue_v with_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o corpuscularian_a philosophy_n will_v be_v much_o more_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o write_v the_o follow_a 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their_o eminence_n in_o mathematics_n and_o other_o learning_n i_o much_o esteem_v without_o show_v that_o i_o do_v it_o not_o but_o upon_o consideration_n that_o i_o think_v weighty_a three_o though_o the_o examiner_n hypothesis_n have_v but_o few_o and_o not_o very_o considerable_a argument_n to_o countenance_v it_o yet_o his_o objection_n against_o our_o doctrine_n the_o reply_n to_o which_o take_v up_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o follow_a treatise_n be_v such_o as_o though_o they_o may_v be_v solid_o answer_v by_o any_o that_o thorough_o understand_v our_o hypothesis_n yet_o they_o may_v chance_v puzzle_v such_o reader_n as_o do_v not_o and_o these_o possiblywill_v prove_v more_o than_o a_o few_o and_o last_o because_o that_o sometime_o when_o the_o argument_n object_v do_v not_o perhaps_o deserve_v to_o be_v much_o insist_v on_o the_o argument_n treat_v of_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v i_o think_v it_o
scholastical_a and_o metaphysical_a learning_n yet_o the_o examiner_n can_v ignore_v that_o i_o can_v make_v a_o long_a catalogue_n of_o writer_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a at_o least_o as_o well_o verse_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n as_o st._n thomas_n and_o suarez_n who_o have_v some_o of_o they_o in_o express_a word_n deny_v this_o to_o be_v natural_o possible_a and_o other_o have_v declare_v themselves_o of_o the_o same_o judgement_n by_o establish_v principle_n with_o which_o this_o conceit_n of_o the_o virtual_a extension_n of_o the_o indivisible_a corpuscle_n be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a and_o though_o no_o author_n have_v hitherto_o oppose_v it_o yet_o i_o that_o dispute_v not_o what_o this_o or_o that_o man_n think_v but_o what_o it_o be_v rational_a to_o think_v shall_v nevertheless_o not_o scruple_n to_o reject_v it_o now_o and_o shall_v not_o doubt_v to_o find_v store_n of_o the_o best_a naturalist_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o i_o and_o perhaps_o among_o they_o the_o examiner_n himself_o who_o however_o this_o acknowledgement_n may_v agree_v with_o the_o three_o follow_a chapter_n of_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o pag._n 160._o that_o juxia_n probabiliorem_fw-la sententiam_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la virtualis_fw-la extensio_fw-la rei_fw-la corporea_fw-la concedenda_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la pote_fw-la soli_fw-la rei_fw-la spirituali_fw-la propria_fw-la but_o to_o conclude_v at_o length_n this_o tedious_a enquiry_n into_o the_o aristotelean_a way_n of_o rarefaction_n which_o be_v of_o so_o obscure_a a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v either_o propose_v or_o examine_v in_o few_o word_n i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o resolute_o to_o affirm_v which_o of_o the_o two_o way_n of_o explicate_v it_o by_o atom_n or_o by_o part_n infinite_o divisible_a our_o author_n declare_v himself_o for_o but_o which_o of_o they_o soever_o it_o be_v i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v that_o he_o have_v not_o intelligible_o make_v it_o out_o and_o i_o make_v the_o less_o scruple_n to_o do_v so_o because_o he_o himself_o be_v so_o ingenuous_a as_o at_o the_o close_a of_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o two_o way_n to_o speak_v thus_o of_o the_o opinion_n he_o prefer_v praestat_fw-la communi_fw-la &_o receptae_fw-la hactenus_fw-la in_o scholis_fw-la sententiae_fw-la insistere_fw-la quae_fw-la licet_fw-la 169._o difficultates_fw-la quidem_fw-la non_fw-la clarè_v solvat_fw-la its_o tamen_fw-la aperte_fw-la non_fw-la succumbit_fw-la so_o that_o in_o this_o discourse_n of_o rarefaction_n to_o which_o our_o author_n have_v so_o often_o in_o the_o foregoing_a part_n of_o the_o book_n refer_v we_o as_o that_o which_o shall_v make_v good_a what_o there_o seem_v the_o most_o improbable_a he_o have_v but_o instead_o of_o a_o probable_a hypothesis_n needless_o reject_v substitute_v a_o doctrine_n which_o himself_o dare_v not_o pretend_v capable_a of_o be_v well_o free_v from_o the_o difficulty_n with_o which_o it_o may_v be_v charge_v though_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o other_o reader_n especial_o naturalist_n will_v think_v he_o have_v be_v very_o civil_a to_o this_o obscure_a doctrine_n in_o say_v that_o difficultatibus_fw-la non_fw-la aperte_fw-la succumbit_fw-la as_o for_o the_o other_o way_n of_o explicate_a rarefaction_n namely_o by_o suppose_v that_o a_o body_n be_v make_v up_o of_o part_n indivisible_a he_o will_v not_o i_o presume_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o objection_n we_o former_o make_v against_o it_o be_v weighty_a for_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n which_o one_o will_v think_v he_o prefer_v since_o he_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o the_o three_o or_o four_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n necessariò_fw-la fatendum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o unam_fw-la eandemque_fw-la partem_fw-la poni_fw-la in_o duplici_fw-la 163._o loco_fw-la adaequate_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la indivisibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la locumque_fw-la occupet_fw-la majorem_fw-la quam_fw-la prius_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la tota_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o quolibet_fw-la puncto_fw-la totius_fw-la loci_fw-la sive_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la illud_fw-la spatium_fw-la virtualiter_fw-la extendatur_fw-la so_o that_o when_o he_o in_o the_o very_a next_o page_n affirm_v that_o by_o this_o virtual_a extension_n of_o the_o part_n the_o difficulty_n that_o have_v for_o so_o many_o age_n trouble_v philosopher_n may_v be_v easy_o solve_v he_o must_v give_v i_o leave_v who_o love_n to_o speak_v intelligible_o and_o not_o to_o admit_v what_o i_o can_v understand_v to_o desire_v he_o will_v explain_v to_o i_o what_o this_o extensio_fw-la virtualis_fw-la be_v and_o how_o it_o will_v remove_v the_o difficulty_n that_o i_o former_o charge_v upon_o the_o aristotelean_a rarefaction_n for_o the_o easy_a consideration_n of_o this_o matter_n let_v we_o resume_v what_o we_o late_o suppose_v namely_o that_o in_o the_o magdeburgick_a experiment_n the_o half_a inch_n of_o undilated_a air_n consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o corpuscle_n i_o demand_v how_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o these_o corpuscle_n will_v qualify_v they_o to_o make_v out_o such_o a_o rarefaction_n as_o the_o author_n imagine_v for_o what_o do_v their_o be_v indivisible_a do_v in_o this_o case_n but_o make_v it_o the_o less_o intelligible_a how_o they_o can_v fill_v above_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o space_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o foresee_v he_o will_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v virtual_o extend_v but_o not_o here_o to_o question_v how_o their_o indivisibility_n make_v they_o capable_a of_o be_v so_o i_o demand_v whether_o by_o a_o atom_n be_v virtual_o extend_v its_o corporeal_a substance_n do_v real_o i_o mean_v adequate_o fill_v more_o space_n than_o it_o do_v before_o or_o whether_o it_o do_v not_o for_o one_o of_o the_o two_o be_v necessary_a if_o it_o do_v then_o it_o be_v a_o true_a and_o real_a and_o not_o bare_o a_o virtual_a extension_n and_o that_o such_o a_o extension_n will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n what_o we_o have_v former_o argue_v against_o the_o peripatetic_a rarefaction_n will_v evince_v and_o our_o adversary_n seem_v to_o confess_v as_o much_o by_o devise_v this_o virtual_a extension_n to_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n to_o which_o he_o see_v his_o doctrine_n of_o rarefaction_n will_v otherwise_o plain_o appear_v expose_v but_o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o a_o atom_n be_v virtual_o extend_v its_o corporeal_a substance_n fill_v no_o more_o space_n than_o before_o this_o be_v but_o a_o verbal_a shift_n that_o may_v perhaps_o amuse_v a_o unwary_a reader_n but_o it_o will_v scarce_o satisfy_v a_o consider_v one_o for_o i_o demand_v how_o that_o which_o be_v not_o a_o substance_n can_v fill_v place_n and_o how_o this_o improper_a and_o but_o metaphorical_a extension_n will_v salve_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o how_o the_o half_a inch_n of_o air_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o forementioned_a globe_n shall_v without_o a_o corporeal_a extension_n fill_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o two_o thousand_o time_n its_o bigness_n when_o the_o water_n be_v suck_v out_o of_o it_o and_o act_n at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o last_o clause_n i_o therefore_o add_v because_o not_o only_o our_o author_n teach_v pag._n 91._o &_o 92._o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o certain_a thin_a substance_n which_o by_o its_o contraction_n violent_o snatch_v up_o the_o water_n into_o which_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o glass_n be_v immerse_v but_o in_o a_o parallel_n case_n he_o make_v it_o his_o grand_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n in_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n that_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o finger_n can_v be_v perform_v but_o by_o some_o 5._o real_a body_n wherefore_o till_o the_o examiner_n do_v intelligible_o explain_v how_o a_o virtual_a extension_n as_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o a_o corporeal_a can_v make_v a_o atom_n fill_v twice_o nay_o two_o thousand_o time_n more_o space_n than_o it_o do_v before_o i_o suppose_v this_o device_n of_o virtual_a extension_n will_v appear_v to_o unbiased_a naturalist_n but_o a_o very_a unsatisfactory_a evasion_n two_o argument_n indeed_o there_o be_v which_o our_o adversary_n offer_v as_o proof_n of_o what_o he_o teach_v the_o first_o be_v that_o they_o common_o teach_v in_o the_o school_n that_o at_o lest_o divinitus_fw-la as_o he_o speak_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o be_v plead_v for_o may_v be_v do_v and_o that_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o body_n but_o though_o they_o that_o either_o know_v i_o or_o have_v read_v what_o i_o have_v write_v about_o matter_n theological_a will_n i_o hope_v ready_o believe_v that_o none_o be_v more_o willing_a to_o acknowledge_v and_o venerate_v divine_a omnipotence_n yet_o in_o some_o famous_a school_n they_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o that_o man_n who_o think_v so_o and_o consequent_o look_v not_o upon_o it_o as_o a_o object_n of_o divine_a omnipotence_n may_v whatever_o he_o here_o say_v without_o impiety_n be_v of_o a_o differ_a
exhaustion_n of_o the_o air_n do_v not_o so_o ascend_v of_o its_o own_o accord_n but_o be_v violent_o draw_v or_o lift_v upward_o by_o that_o rarefy_a air_n contract_v itself_o for_o as_o water_n do_v suffer_v some_o compression_n as_o appear_v by_o experience_n so_o here_o also_o it_o suffer_v some_o distension_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v clear_o manifest_a why_o these_o bubble_n shall_v arise_v rather_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n then_o from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o water_n for_o when_o that_o vehement_a suction_n do_v endeavour_v to_o elevate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vial_n there_o arise_v there_o a_o certain_a subtle_a matter_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o bubble_n do_v so_o ascend_v as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o 15._o chapter_n and_o the_o 4._o experiment_n p._n 84._o certum_fw-la esse_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o that_o opinion_n be_v sufficient_o refute_v by_o this_o single_a experiment_n p._n 85._o necesse_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o that_o stone_n can_v not_o otherwise_o descend_v then_o by_o leave_v behind_o it_o such_o a_o thin_a substance_n as_o be_v leave_v by_o quicksilver_n or_o water_n descend_v in_o like_a manner_n p._n 86._o unde_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o i_o plain_o conceive_v that_o if_o two_o perfectlypolished_a marble_n be_v so_o join_v that_o no_o air_n at_o all_o be_v leave_v between_o they_o they_o can_v not_o be_v draw_v asunder_o by_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man._n ibid._n uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o example_n the_o author_n there_o bring_v of_o a_o brass_n plate_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o a_o marble_n table_n that_o by_o a_o lusty_a youth_n who_o boast_v of_o his_o own_o strength_n it_o can_v not_o be_v lift_v off_o by_o a_o ring_n fix_v to_o its_o centre_n p._n 87._o eodem_fw-la etc._n etc._n almost_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v in_o cupping-glass_n apply_v to_o a_o patient_n back_o in_o which_o the_o flame_n be_v extinct_a the_o rarefy_a air_n contract_v itself_o do_v so_o vehement_o as_o we_o see_v lift_v up_o and_o draw_v the_o flesh_n within_o the_o glass_n ibid._n in_o he_o etc._n etc._n in_o these_o three_o there_o be_v nothing_o occur_v to_o be_v peculiar_o here_o explicate_v the_o account_n of_o which_o be_v not_o easy_a from_o what_o be_v already_o deliver_v p._n 88_o existimo_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o i_o think_v that_o whiteness_n shall_v be_v rather_o call_v a_o reflex_n then_o a_o innate_a light_n because_o as_o the_o author_n bear_v witness_v it_o appear_v not_o in_o the_o dark_a but_o only_o in_o the_o day_n or_o by_o candle-light_n ibid._n verum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o such_o animal_n shall_v die_v so_o soon_o only_o for_o want_v of_o a_o thick_a air._n p._n 89._o quia_fw-la per_fw-la etc._n etc._n because_o by_o the_o self-contraction_n of_o the_o rarefy_a air_n their_o breath_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o their_o body_n p._n 90._o atque_fw-la hinc_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o thence_o also_o arise_v those_o vehement_a convulsion_n which_o the_o author_n there_o mention_n certain_a small_a bird_n to_o have_v endure_v before_o their_o death_n p._n 92._o in_o mala_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o a_o bad_a cause_n they_o can_v do_v no_o other_o but_o who_o compel_v they_o to_o undertake_v a_o bad_a cause_n a_o summary_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n part_n i._n wherein_o the_o adversary_n objection_n against_o the_o elaterist_n be_v examine_v chap._n 1._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o write_n pag._n 1._o franciscus_n linus_n his_o civility_n in_o writing_n oblige_v the_o author_n to_o the_o like_a p._n 2._o book_n concern_v the_o torrecellian_a experiment_n wherewith_o the_o author_n be_v former_o unacquainted_a ibid._n the_o inconvenience_n of_o linus_n principle_n ibid._n the_o division_n of_o the_o ensue_a treatise_n into_o three_o part_n chap._n 2._o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o adversary_n opinion_n and_o argument_n his_o argument_n against_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o air_n examine_v p._n 4._o a_o experiment_n of_o he_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o external_a air_n can_v keep_v up_o twenty_o inch_n of_o quicksilver_n from_o descend_v in_o a_o tube_n twenty_o inch_n long_o ibid._n the_o author_n answer_n and_o reconciliation_n of_o the_o experiment_n to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n p._n 5._o and_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o experiment_n of_o the_o author_n wherein_o only_a water_n be_v employ_v instead_o of_o quicksilver_n without_o other_o alteration_n of_o the_o adversary_n experiment_n it_o agree_v well_o with_o and_o confirm_v the_o author_n hypothesis_n and_o his_o explication_n of_o the_o mention_a experiment_n ibid._n that_o water_n have_v no_o spring_n at_o all_o or_o a_o very_a weak_a one_o p._n 6._o the_o second_o argument_n examine_v ibid._n whether_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o air_n can_v adequate_o fill_v a_o great_a space_n p._n 7._o the_o conceivableness_n of_o both_o hypothesis_n compare_v ibid._n chap._n 3._o another_o argument_n of_o the_o adversary_n from_o a_o experiment_n wherein_o the_o mercury_n sink_v draw_v the_o finger_n into_o the_o tube_n examine_v q._n whether_o the_o mercury_n place_v in_o its_o own_o station_n be_v uphold_v by_o the_o external_a air_n or_o suspend_v there_o by_o a_o internal_a cord_n p._n 7_o 8._o chap._n 4._o a_o repetition_n of_o franciscus_n linus_n his_o principal_a experiment_n wherein_o in_o a_o tube_n of_o twenty_o inch_n long_o the_o finger_n on_o the_o top_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v strong_o draw_v and_o suck_v into_o the_o tube_n p._n 9_o the_o experiment_n explicate_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o suction_n by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o external_a air_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o finger_n thrust_v not_o suck_v in_o p._n 10._o franciscus_n linus_n his_o argumentation_n consider_v p._n 11._o chap._n 5._o the_o examiner_n last_o experiment_n consider_v in_o which_o he_o argue_v against_o the_o author_n hypothesis_n because_o mercury_n be_v not_o suck_v out_o of_o a_o vessel_n through_o a_o tube_n so_o easy_o as_o water_n be_v p._n 12_o 13._o a_o experiment_n of_o monsieur_n paschall_n show_v that_o if_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o a_o tube_n can_v be_v free_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o all_o internal_a air_n the_o mercury_n will_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v carry_v up_o into_o the_o tube_n as_o well_o as_o water_n till_o it_o have_v attain_v a_o height_n great_a enough_o to_o make_v its_o weight_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n p._n 14._o why_o in_o a_o more_o forcible_a respiration_n the_o mercurial_a cylinder_n be_v raise_v high_a than_o in_o a_o more_o languid_a p._n 14_o 15._o a_o remark_n by_o the_o high_a that_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o adversary_n suppose_v funiculus_fw-la be_v not_o feel_v upon_o the_o lung_n p._n 15._o chap._n 6._o the_o examination_n of_o the_o adversary_n 4._o chapter_n p._n 16._o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n may_v have_v some_o advantage_n in_o point_n of_o force_n above_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o p._n 17._o that_o it_o be_v unintelligible_a how_o the_o same_o air_n can_v adequate_o fill_v more_o space_n at_o one_o time_n then_o at_o another_o p._n 18._o part_n ii_o wherein_o the_o adversary_n funicular_a hypothesis_n be_v examine_v chap._n 1._o wherein_o what_o be_v allege_v to_o prove_v the_o funiculus_fw-la be_v consider_v and_o some_o difficulty_n be_v propose_v against_o the_o hypothesis_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o suppose_a funiculus_fw-la describe_v p._n 19_o that_o according_a to_o the_o adversary_n opinion_n this_o funiculus_fw-la be_v produce_v by_o nature_n only_o to_o hinder_v a_o vacuum_n p._n 20_o 21._o the_o adversary_n proof_n that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n examine_v p._n 21_o 22._o that_o where_o no_o sensible_a part_n be_v unenlightned_n the_o place_n may_v not_o be_v full_a of_o light_n p._n 22._o the_o same_o true_a in_o odour_n ibid._n that_o there_o may_v be_v matter_n enough_o to_o transmit_v the_o impulse_n of_o light_n though_o betwixt_o the_o particle_n of_o that_o matter_n there_o shall_v be_v store_n of_o vacuity_n intercept_v p._n 23._o that_o a_o solid_a body_n have_v no_o considerable_a sense_n of_o pressure_n from_o fluid_a body_n p._n 25._o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o vibration_n of_o quicksilver_n in_o its_o descent_n p._n 26_o 27._o chap._n 2._o wherein_o divers_a other_o difficulty_n be_v object_v against_o the_o funicular_a hypothesis_n as_o that_o in_o liquor_n of_o divers_a weight_n and_o nature_n as_o water_n wine_n and_o quicksilver_n there_o shall_v be_v just_o the_o same_o weight_n or_o strength_n to_o extend_v they_o into_o a_o funiculus_fw-la p._n 27._o that_o whereas_o the_o weight_n and_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n be_v infer_v from_o unquestioned_a experiment_n the_o account_n of_o that_o hypothesis_n be_v strange_a and_o unsatisfactory_a as_o that_o the_o