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compare_v the_o translation_n with_o the_o original_a may_v easy_o do_v it_o because_o every_o break_v in_o the_o english_a be_v a_o chapter_n in_o the_o spanish_a by_o which_o they_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v find_v the_o reason_n of_o translate_n it_o from_o the_o spanish_a rather_o than_o from_o the_o latin_a be_v because_o the_o former_a as_o be_v hint_v above_o be_v the_o perfect_a work_n be_v compose_v after_o the_o other_o by_o author_n and_o much_o improve_v the_o name_n of_o person_n i_o have_v keep_v as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o spanish_a where_o they_o be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v find_v in_o english_a such_o as_o ordono_fw-it nuno_n sancho_n and_o the_o like_a these_o i_o say_v we_o have_v not_o in_o english_a and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o alter_v they_o at_o all_o as_o some_o have_v do_v turn_v they_o into_o latin_a which_o be_v as_o odd_a to_o we_o as_o the_o spanish_a and_o call_v they_o ordonius_n nunius_fw-la sanctius_n and_o so_o forth_o other_o there_o be_v which_o the_o spaniard_n have_v corrupt_v be_v name_n use_v in_o other_o nation_n though_o perhaps_o not_o among_o we_o these_o general_o i_o write_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o spain_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o come_v to_o mention_v they_o do_v explain_v and_o setthem_n down_o as_o they_o be_v call_v where_o they_o be_v in_o use_n a_o instance_n of_o these_o be_v ramon_n in_o english_a raymund_n brunechilda_n who_o the_o french_a call_n brunchault_n pelayo_n in_o latin_a pelagius_n bermudo_n more_o proper_o veremundo_n or_o veremundus_n those_o name_n which_o be_v common_o in_o use_n with_o we_o i_o general_o call_v as_o we_o do_v though_o i_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_n practise_v yet_o i_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o since_o the_o history_n speak_v english_a the_o name_n of_o those_o it_o treat_v
to_o king_n alonso_n he_o reign_v about_o 2_o year_n alone_o according_a to_o garibay_n his_o account_n for_o f._n mariana_n be_v not_o intelligible_a in_o this_o place_n and_o have_v two_o son_n d._n ramiro_n and_o d._n garcia_n by_o his_o wife_n ninilon_n or_o vrsenda_n to_o who_o he_o be_v unlawful_o marry_v though_o afterward_o he_o leave_v she_o and_o live_v chaste_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o life_n in_o other_o respect_n he_o be_v modest_a and_o temperate_a a_o lover_n of_o his_o ease_n and_o averse_a to_o business_n yet_o do_v one_o thing_n very_o please_v and_o commendable_a which_o be_v declare_v of_o d._n alonso_n who_o have_v be_v depose_v by_o mauregatus_fw-la his_o companion_n in_o the_o throne_n which_o according_a to_o isidorus_n pacensis_n who_o then_o live_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 791._o after_o this_o bermudo_n reign_v 791._o four_o year_n and_o six_o month_n this_o prince_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o his_o continual_a prosperity_n good_a conduct_n liberality_n piety_n the_o love_n of_o his_o people_n and_o terror_n of_o his_o enemy_n by_o his_o valour_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o christian_n almost_o sink_v be_v reestablish_v for_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n alonso_n his_o companion_n vanquish_v mugayo_n general_n of_o the_o moor_n who_o have_v break_v into_o asturias_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o king_n refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o tribute_n of_o the_o young_a maid_n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o a_o town_n call_v leda_n the_o victory_n one_o of_o the_o great_a slay_v obtain_v in_o spain_n for_o 70000._o infidel_n be_v kill_v by_o which_o the_o christian_n be_v deliver_v from_o a_o great_a oppression_n and_o the_o moor_n divert_v with_o other_o war_n can_v not_o revenge_v this_o loss_n about_o the_o same_o time_n many_o town_n about_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n be_v take_v from_o the_o moor_n by_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n and_o charlemaigne_n the_o famous_a king_n of_o france_n and_o emperor_n here_o again_o i_o be_o force_v to_o follow_v the_o authority_n of_o garibay_n my_o author_n be_v ill_o print_v the_o fate_n of_o many_o book_n print_v in_o spain_n issem_fw-la king_n of_o cordova_n send_v a_o good_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o general_n abdelmelich_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o these_o proceed_n who_o retake_v girona_n in_o catalonia_n and_o narbonne_n on_o the_o border_n of_o france_n from_o hence_o the_o bishop_n d._n roderick_n say_v the_o moor_n cause_v christian_n to_o bring_v earth_n on_o their_o shoulder_n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v sand_n to_o bind_v their_o mortar_n for_o to_o finish_v the_o great_a mosque_n at_o cordova_n this_o king_n also_o build_v another_o bridge_n at_o cordova_n near_o the_o palace_n and_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o moorish_a king_n that_o take_v a_o guard_n of_o stranger_n which_o be_v 3000._o renegado_n christian_n beside_o he_o entertain_v 2000_o eunuch_n as_o his_o menial_a servant_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 795._o having_z reign_v 26_o year_n 10_o month_n and_o 15_o day_n and_o leave_v behind_o the_o name_n of_o a_o wise_a just_a and_o bountiful_a prince_n and_o his_o son_n alhaca_n to_o succeed_v he_o chap._n v._o the_o reign_n of_o d._n alonso_n the_o chaste_a the_o nestorian_a heresy_n revive_v the_o king_n sister_n debauch_v he_o take_v lisbon_n war_n among_o the_o moor_n invention_n of_o the_o body_n of_o st._n james_n the_o apostle_n and_o defeat_v of_o charlemaigne_n during_o these_o last_o reign_v felix_n bishop_n of_o vrgel_n and_o his_o disciple_n elipandus_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n revive_v the_o false_a doctrine_n of_o nestorius_n condemn_v at_o the_o council_n of_o ephesus_n they_o affirm_v that_o christ_n our_o lord_n as_o man_n be_v only_o the_o adoptive_a son_n of_o the_o father_n and_o revive_v endeavour_v to_o spread_v these_o their_o opinion_n but_o be_v condemn_v by_o council_n hold_v at_o reginum_n of_o bavaria_n now_o ratisbon_n and_o at_o francfort_n fellix_fw-la die_v obstinate_a at_o lion_n in_o france_n what_o become_v of_o elipandus_n be_v not_o know_v some_o year_n after_o claudius_n a_o spaniard_n disciple_n of_o felix_n and_o bishop_n of_o turin_n who_o live_v in_o the_o emperor_n ludovicus_n pius_n his_o court_n with_o great_a opinion_n of_o learning_n among_o other_o thing_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o other_o add_v a_o new_a extravagancy_n say_v that_o holy_a image_n ought_v to_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o church_n ionas_n aurelianensis_fw-la his_o contemporary_a write_v learned_o against_o he_o king_n bermudo_n be_v bury_v at_o oviedo_n where_o former_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n tomb_n be_v to_o be_v see_v thus_o d._n alonso_n be_v leave_v to_o govern_v by_o himself_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o he_o aim_v at_o restore_v a_o great_a purity_n of_o life_n never_o have_v carnal_a knowledge_n of_o his_o wife_n berta_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v the_o cathedral_n of_o oviedo_n but_o other_o write_v it_o be_v d._n bermudo_n who_o begin_v it_o and_o the_o inscription_n at_o the_o entrance_n as_o be_v say_v above_o attribute_v it_o to_o king_n sylon_n perhaps_o all_o three_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o work_n and_o he_o who_o finish_v have_v all_o the_o honour_n of_o it_o certain_a it_o be_v king_n alonso_z enrich_v it_o with_o many_o gift_n and_o particular_o with_o a_o curious_a gold_n cross_n set_v with_o stone_n make_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o angel_n as_o the_o people_n imagine_v because_o after_o it_o be_v do_v they_o be_v never_o see_v more_o the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o this_o prince_n reign_n be_v somewhat_o eclypse_v by_o a_o misfortune_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o royal_a family_n which_o be_v that_o da._n ximena_n the_o king_n sister_n be_v private_o marry_v according_a to_o our_o author_n but_o that_o have_v be_v no_o such_o mighty_a disaster_n and_o all_o other_o historian_n write_v she_o be_v debauch_v by_o sandia_n or_o sancho_n earl_n of_o saldana_n and_o count_n by_o he_o 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adventure_v to_o give_v king_n alhaca_n battle_n it_o be_v fight_v obstinate_o on_o both_o side_n and_o much_o blood_n spill_v but_o at_o last_o zulema_n and_o many_o more_o be_v kill_v abdalla_n flee_v to_o valencia_n where_o he_o come_v to_o accommodation_n with_o the_o king_n and_o have_v a_o revenue_n assign_v he_o to_o live_v upon_o according_a to_o his_o quality_n deliver_v up_o his_o son_n as_o hostage_n who_o the_o moorish_a king_n treat_v as_o become_v his_o cousin-german_n and_o marry_v his_o own_o sister_n to_o one_o of_o they_o this_o discord_n among_o the_o moor_n be_v advantageous_a to_o king_n alonso_n for_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o lisbon_n as_o many_o foreign_a author_n write_v though_o we_o make_v alonso_n no_o mention_n of_o it_o and_o send_v a_o solemn_a embassy_n to_o charlemaigne_n to_o who_o fruella_n and_o basilicus_n the_o principal_a ambassador_n of_o the_o booty_n take_v in_o that_o city_n carry_v a_o rich_a present_n from_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n horse_n and_o captive_n beside_o a_o moorish_a tent_n of_o wonderful_a greatness_n and_o workmanship_n after_o this_o there_o ensue_v so_o great_a a_o rebellion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v for_o safety_n to_o the_o monastery_n abeliense_n situate_v in_o the_o most_o uncouth_a part_n of_o galicia_n thence_o by_o the_o help_n of_o theudius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n he_o recover_v all_o his_o dominion_n with_o more_o honour_n than_o if_o that_o misfortune_n have_v not_o befall_v he_o but_o in_o my_o opinion_n nothing_o be_v more_o honourable_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n than_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o holy_a apostle_n st._n james_n which_o as_o be_v general_o relate_v happen_v in_o this_o manner_n theodomirus_n bishop_n of_o iria_n flavia_n hear_v great_a light_n be_v see_v in_o a_o wild_a part_n of_o a_o mountain_n go_v
all_o the_o bishop_n in_o spain_n shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o he_o of_o toledo_n as_o have_v till_o then_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n allow_v he_o precedence_n and_o he_o sign_v first_o to_o the_o act_n of_o council_n this_o be_v all_o the_o privilege_n those_o prelate_n then_o enjoy_v above_o other_o when_o spain_n have_v fall_v under_o the_o slavery_n of_o the_o moor_n for_o a_o long_a time_n that_o city_n have_v no_o bishop_n at_o length_n when_o it_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o christian_n the_o archbishop_n be_v not_o only_o restore_v to_o their_o former_a dignity_n but_o make_v primate_fw-la of_o all_o spain_n pope_n vrban_n the_o second_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v they_o this_o prerogative_n and_o it_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o pasqualis_fw-la gelasius_n honorius_n celestinus_fw-la innocent_a lucius_n eugenius_n iii_o adrian_n iu_o alexander_n iii_o vrban_n iii_o honorius_n iii_o gregory_n ix_o and_o many_o 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author_n yet_o pelagius_n bishop_n of_o oviedo_n who_o live_v about_o that_o time_n and_o in_o the_o very_o close_o of_o his_o history_n say_v king_n alonso_z have_v but_o five_o wife_n and_o that_o zaida_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o moorish_a king_n be_v his_o concubine_n the_o history_n of_o spain_n the_o ten_o book_n chap._n 1._o the_o moorish_a family_n of_o the_o almoravide_n come_v into_o spain_n king_n alonso_z twice_o overthrow_v by_o they_o several_a stranger_n come_v out_o of_o france_n to_o serve_v under_o he_o he_o bestow_v three_o of_o his_o daughter_n on_o they_o the_o holy_a war_n in_o the_o east_n among_o the_o moor_n the_o family_n of_o the_o almoravide_n have_v get_v the_o better_a of_o the_o alavecine_n spain_n who_o till_o then_o hold_v the_o empire_n of_o africa_n settle_v their_o kingdom_n at_o first_o in_o that_o part_n of_o mauritania_n which_o stretch_v along_o the_o ocean_n and_o mediterranean_a sea_n thence_o they_o pass_v over_o into_o spain_n and_o spread_v themselves_o through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o come_n be_v thus_o king_n alonso_n have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o moorish_a king_n of_o sevil_n and_o therefore_o at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o invite_v joseph_n tephin_n king_n of_o the_o almoravide_n out_o of_o africa_n to_o assist_v his_o father-in-law_n towards_o the_o reduce_v all_o that_o the_o moor_n possess_v in_o spain_n under_o his_o dominion_n joseph_n will_v not_o let_v slip_n so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n of_o invade_v spain_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o go_v inperson_n at_o that_o time_n send_v a_o good_a army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hali_n abenaxa_n a_o famous_a commander_n hali_n have_v join_v the_o king_n of_o sevil_n their_o friendship_n be_v not_o lasting_a and_o their_o difference_n increase_v they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o king_n he_o be_v defeat_v and_o kill_v by_o one_o abdalla_n this_o victory_n make_v hali_n master_n of_o all_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o decease_a in_o the_o year_n 1091._o all_o the_o other_o king_n of_o the_o moor_n be_v reduce_v or_o submit_v themselves_o to_o he_o hali_n proud_a with_o this_o success_n rebel_v against_o his_o master_n and_o call_v himself_o miramamolin_n of_o spain_n a_o name_n denote_v regal_a authority_n among_o the_o moor_n 1091._o now_o the_o king_n of_o the_o moor_n who_o be_v subject_n and_o pay_v tribute_n to_o king_n alonso_n think_v this_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n cast_v off_o their_o obedience_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o never_o be_v spain_n in_o great_a danger_n for_o those_o barbarian_n grow_v fierce_a with_o so_o many_o victory_n obtain_v over_o their_o own_o people_n turn_v the_o course_n of_o their_o arm_n against_o the_o christian_n their_o first_o attempt_n be_v against_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n where_o they_o over_o run_v the_o country_n put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o recover_v some_o town_n give_v in_o dower_n with_o his_o daughter_n by_o he_o of_o sevil_n which_o be_v cuenca_n veles_n and_o huete_fw-la king_n alonso_z send_v a_o army_n to_o oppose_v the_o moor_n under_o the_o command_n of_o two_o earl_n d._n garcia_n christian_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n and_o d._n roderick_n who_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n with_o the_o moor_n be_v overthrow_v near_a rhoda_n a_o town_n between_o the_o river_n guadalquivir_fw-fr and_o the_o ocean_n this_o loss_n have_v show_v the_o king_n the_o error_n he_o have_v commit_v in_o call_v the_o moor_n out_o of_o africa_n he_o make_v new_a levy_n gather_v a_o mighty_a army_n and_o be_v again_o defeat_v near_o caçalla_n a_o town_n not_o far_o from_o badajoz_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o men._n however_o he_o no_o way_n dismay_v but_o recruit_v his_o army_n break_v into_o the_o enemy_n country_n as_o far_o as_o cordova_n destroy_v all_o that_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n hali_n mistrust_v his_o own_o strength_n fortify_v himself_o within_o cordova_n where_o some_o skirmish_n happen_v abdalla_n by_o night_n make_v a_o sally_n and_o most_o of_o his_o man_n be_v kill_v be_v himself_o take_v and_o the_o day_n follow_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o moor_n who_o stand_v upon_o the_o wall_n tear_v to_o piece_n and_o burn_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o sovereign_n the_o king_n of_o sevill_n hali_n weary_a of_o the_o siege_n accept_v of_o such_o condition_n as_o be_v offer_v he_o which_o be_v to_o pay_v down_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o a_o yearly_o tribute_n andaluzia_n be_v settle_v the_o army_n march_v into_o arragon_n where_o they_o besiege_a zaragoça_n the_o besiege_a offer_v to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o king_n protection_n but_o he_o hope_v to_o become_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o city_n lose_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o for_o joseph_n have_v gather_v a_o mighty_a army_n pass_v over_o out_o of_o africa_n with_o a_o design_n to_o punish_v hali_n for_o revolt_a and_o then_o to_o invade_v the_o christian_n this_o be_v africa_n know_v in_o the_o city_n and_o camp_n the_o besiege_a take_v heart_n and_o the_o besieger_n for_o fear_n of_o what_o may_v happen_v be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o enterprise_n and_o depart_v joseph_n be_v so_o successful_a he_o enter_v sevill_n where_o he_o behead_v hali_n than_o cordova_n be_v surrender_v to_o he_o and_o soon_o after_o all_o that_o the_o moor_n hold_v in_o spain_n be_v bring_v under_o his_o dominion_n either_o by_o force_n or_o their_o own_o voluntary_a submission_n those_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o christian_n revolt_a from_o they_o king_n alonso_z think_v not_o this_o a_o time_n to_o be_v idle_a when_o the_o moor_n of_o africa_n be_v join_v with_o those_o of_o spain_n and_o therefore_o resolve_v to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v
of_o shall_v not_o be_v make_v as_o intelligible_a to_o we_o as_o their_o action_n for_o example_n the_o wife_n of_o king_n ferdinand_n who_o unite_a castille_n and_o arragon_n be_v general_o call_v queen_n isabel_n which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o elizabeth_n in_o spanish_a and_o i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o more_o reason_n for_o we_o to_o call_v she_o isabel_n when_o we_o speak_v english_a than_o there_o will_v be_v in_o write_v of_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n to_o call_v she_o elizabeth_n in_o spanish_a the_o same_o happen_v when_o general_o we_o write_v of_o any_o spaniard_n who_o name_n be_v peter_n we_o call_v he_o d._n pedro_n as_o if_o peter_n be_v not_o the_o true_a english_a of_o pedro_n and_o elizabeth_z of_o isabel_n those_o name_n that_o in_o spanish_a have_v a_o n_o with_o a_o dash_n over_o as_o in_o ordono_fw-it nuno_n and_o many_o more_o i_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v so_o print_v to_o give_v the_o reader_n they_o as_o true_a as_o possible_a which_o be_v never_o do_v before_o for_o some_o write_v ordonno_n and_o nunno_n other_o ordonio_n and_o nunio_n which_o be_v both_o false_a for_o though_o a_o dash_n seem_v to_o imply_v a_o n_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o so_o absolute_o in_o these_o case_n because_o a_o double_v n_o among_o we_o will_v only_o put_v a_o strong_a emphasis_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o word_n which_o the_o spanish_a have_v not_o and_o if_o we_o substitute_v a_o i_o than_o it_o make_v two_o syllable_n of_o one_o for_o no_o '_o or_o na_fw-mi be_v but_o one_o syliable_a and_o add_v a_o i_o either_o of_o they_o make_v two_o but_o the_o way_n to_o pronounce_v it_o be_v to_o suppose_v it_o a_o dipthong_n where_o retain_v something_o of_o the_o i_o the_o a_o make_v the_o great_a sound_n and_o both_o but_o one_o syllable_n it_o be_v true_a the_o thing_n be_v whole_o newâ—_n and_o cast_v on_o purpose_n for_o this_o work_n they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v of_o all_o sort_n for_o they_o be_v only_o â—â—_o the_o italic_a the_o printer_n have_v yet_o get_v none_o in_o the_o roman_a letter_n the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o o_n which_o have_v a_o dash_n at_o the_o bottom_n as_o thus_o ç_n for_o such_o a_o c_o in_o all_o place_n whatever_o vowel_n follow_v it_o be_v pronounce_v like_o a_o s_o only_o rather_o somewhat_o soft_a as_o zarago_n ça_fw-fr there_o the_o syllable_n ça_fw-fr be_v pronounce_v as_o if_o it_o be_v sa_o but_o this_o they_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o french_a be_v not_o unacquainted_a with_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o mention_v it_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o many_o may_v read_v this_o history_n who_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o that_o tongue_n one_o word_n more_o as_o to_o another_o error_n in_o pronounce_v of_o sancho_n sancha_n and_o other_o name_n end_v in_o that_o manner_n which_o be_v universal_o by_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a speak_v as_o if_o they_o be_v write_v sanco_n and_o sanca_n a_o thing_n never_o know_v in_o spanish_a where_o every_o letter_n have_v its_o full_a sound_n and_o so_o it_o have_v in_o these_o word_n and_o all_o that_o end_n in_o cho_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v as_o we_o do_v those_o three_o letter_n in_o the_o word_n choose_v i_o must_v also_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o mariana_n have_v be_v nothing_o curious_a in_o divide_v his_o book_n which_o have_v make_v i_o in_o some_o few_o of_o they_o take_v the_o liberty_n of_o borrow_v a_o little_a from_o one_o to_o add_v to_o another_o to_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o more_o complete_a period_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o book_n as_o for_o instance_n to_o my_o first_o book_n i_o have_v add_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o spanish_a because_o that_o break_v off_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o hanno_n and_o himilco_n be_v travel_n and_o begin_v again_o with_o their_o return_n home_o which_o i_o think_v more_o proper_a to_o put_v together_o and_o finish_v the_o book_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o their_o labour_n so_o in_o the_o 27_o and_o 29_o book_n i_o have_v borrow_a somewhat_o from_o the_o 28_o and_o 30_o because_o they_o do_v not_o come_v to_o so_o good_a a_o conclusion_n in_o the_o original_a these_o be_v small_a thing_n which_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v find_v cause_n to_o blame_v i_o for_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v any_o argument_n against_o i_o to_o say_v so_o great_a a_o man_n as_o mariana_n be_v not_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o i_o for_o the_o great_a man_n be_v guilty_a of_o oversight_n and_o its_o visible_a he_o rather_o labour_v to_o deliver_v a_o good_a history_n to_o posterity_n than_o to_o seek_v the_o embellishment_n and_o form_n that_o may_v set_v it_o off_o i_o think_v i_o have_v say_v enough_o both_o as_o to_o the_o author_n and_o myself_o for_o i_o be_o not_o ambitious_a of_o a_o gaudy_a preface_n it_o will_v be_v more_o satisfaction_n that_o the_o history_n be_v approve_v of_o though_o the_o preface_n pass_v unregarded_a than_o that_o the_o latter_a shall_v prove_v the_o only_a thing_n good_a in_o the_o book_n since_o they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n i_o do_v doubt_n but_o they_o will_v find_v enough_o to_o censure_v and_o perhaps_o but_o few_o to_o defend_v they_o yet_o the_o best_a judge_n be_v usual_o most_o favourable_a and_o do_v it_o delight_v to_o make_v fault_n where_o they_o do_v find_v they_o and_o for_o those_o that_o do_v their_o reflection_n at_o the_o long_o run_v may_v light_v on_o themselves_o such_o may_v be_v the_o fate_n of_o all_o that_o read_v only_o to_o carp_v and_o rail_v at_o what_o they_o do_v understand_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n have_v be_v take_v to_o correct_v the_o press_n yet_o in_o so_o great_a a_o work_n some_o few_o errata_n have_v likely_a escape_v which_o if_o they_o have_v i_o hope_v they_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o only_o literal_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v that_o d._n stand_v as_o well_o for_o donna_n as_o for_o don_n according_a as_o the_o name_n it_o be_v prefix_v to_o be_v either_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n though_o in_o some_o few_o place_n the_o woman_n be_v distinguish_v thus_o da_fw-la but_o i_o can_v not_o get_v it_o so_o carry_v on_o throughout_o the_o whole_a work_n table_n of_o chapter_n to_o mariana_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o first_o people_n of_o spain_n by_o tubal_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n its_o situation_n and_o circumference_n and_o of_o its_o principal_a mountain_n and_o river_n page_n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a division_n of_o spain_n of_o the_o language_n use_v there_o and_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o spaniard_n p._n 3_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o fabulous_a king_n of_o spain_n of_o the_o geryon_n of_o king_n hispalus_n and_o the_o death_n of_o hercules_n and_o of_o hesperus_n atlas_n and_o siculus_n king_n of_o spain_n p._n 6_o chap._n iu_o of_o the_o come_n of_o several_a nation_n into_o spain_n as_o the_o celte_v rhodian_n carthaginian_n and_o phoenicians_n also_o of_o abide_v and_o a_o wonderful_a dearth_n p._n 8_o chap._n v._n of_o the_o age_n of_o argantonius_n the_o phoenicians_n attempt_v to_o subdue_v all_o spain_n but_o be_v repulse_v send_v for_o aid_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o ravage_n the_o country_n but_o sustain_v great_a loss_n from_o the_o native_n p._n 11_o chap._n vi_o the_o carthaginian_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o phoenicians_n peace_n make_v in_o which_o the_o latter_a become_v subject_n to_o the_o former_a sapph_n come_v into_o spain_n discovery_n make_v by_o himilco_n and_o hanno_n p._n 13_o second_v book_n chap._n i._n the_o action_n of_o the_o spaniard_n in_o sicily_n the_o government_n of_o hanno_n a_o embassy_n send_v to_o alexander_n the_o great_a the_o first_o roman_a and_o carthaginian_a war._n p._n 15_o chap._n ii_o the_o second_o come_v of_o hamilcar_n asdrubal_n succeed_v he_o his_o preparation_n for_o the_o roman_a war_n and_o death_n p._n 17_o chap._n iii_o the_o beginning_n progress_n and_o end_n of_o the_o saguntine_n war_n with_o the_o utter_a extirpation_n of_o that_o city_n p._n 19_o chap._n iu_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_a war._n hannibal_n march_v through_o france_n into_o italy_n some_o of_o his_o action_n there_o and_o of_o the_o scipio_n be_v in_o spain_n p._n 21_o chap._n v._o asdrubal_n design_v to_o march_v through_o france_n into_o italy_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o two_o scipio_n be_v who_o after_o that_o overthrow_n mago_n and_o rout_n the_o carthaginian_n a_o three_o time_n at_o bigerra_n but_o be_v at_o last_v themselves_o vanquish_v and_o slay_v p._n 23_o chap._n vi_o lucius_n marcius_n check_v the_o progress_n of_o
before_o that_o part_n of_o their_o camp_n where_o the_o king_n tent_n stand_v be_v hem_v in_o with_o chain_n of_o iron_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o brave_a and_o noble_a moor_n the_o number_n of_o the_o other_o be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o cover_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o plain_n on_o both_o side_n the_o general_n encourage_v their_o man_n and_o our_o bishop_n go_v through_o the_o batallion_n stir_v up_o the_o soldier_n to_o gain_v the_o indulgence_n grant_v by_o the_o pope_n this_o do_v both_o party_n charge_v with_o great_a resolution_n no_o sign_n of_o victory_n appear_v on_o either_o side_n for_o a_o long_a time_n every_o man_n fight_v with_o such_o resolution_n as_o if_o he_o have_v contend_v for_o empire_n our_o main_a battle_n engage_v first_o than_o the_o navarrois_fw-mi and_o aragonianns_n without_o gain_v a_o foot_n of_o ground_n but_o rather_o after_o three_o charge_n seem_v to_o give_v way_n then_o king_n alonso_n will_v have_v cast_v himself_o into_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n but_o that_o roderick_n the_o archbishop_n stop_v he_o the_o rear_n or_o reserve_v advance_v the_o fight_n be_v renew_v and_o those_o that_o seem_v to_o waver_v before_o fall_v on_o with_o great_a fury_n at_o length_n the_o moor_n tire_v with_o sustain_v the_o brunt_n all_o day_n and_o not_o able_a to_o withstand_v our_o reserve_n which_o power_v in_o fresh_a upon_o they_o flee_v and_o a_o mighty_a slaughter_n of_o they_o be_v make_v 200000_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v half_a of_o they_o horse_n other_o battle_n write_v but_o half_a the_o number_n in_o all_o it_o be_v more_o wonderful_a that_o of_o the_o christian_n only_o 25_o be_v kill_v as_o roderick_n the_o archbishop_n then_o present_a testify_v other_o affirm_v 115_o die_v both_o small_a number_n for_o so_o great_a a_o action_n the_o archbishop_n also_o assert_n that_o though_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o moor_n be_v slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o drop_n of_o blood_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o zeit_n his_o brother_n the_o moorish_a king_n flee_v without_o stop_v only_o to_o change_v horse_n till_o he_o come_v the_o same_o night_n to_o jaen_n about_o sunset_n their_o camp_n be_v enter_v and_o plunder_v by_o the_o arragonian_n for_o the_o other_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o the_o moorish_a king_n equipage_n which_o only_o be_v preserve_v james_n de_fw-fr haro_n equal_o divide_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n particular_o his_o tent_n which_o be_v of_o red_a and_o crimson-silk_n be_v by_o king_n alonso_n special_a command_n give_v to_o the_o aragonian_a for_o king_n alonso_n covet_v nothing_o but_o honour_n free_o resign_v all_o the_o booty_n to_o his_o companion_n it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o have_v the_o other_o prey_n equal_o divide_v for_o fear_v of_o a_o mutiny_n but_o every_o man_n be_v allow_v to_o keep_v what_o he_o have_v get_v some_o say_v that_o a_o cross_n see_v in_o the_o air_n contribute_v much_o towards_o the_o gain_n of_o this_o victory_n but_o neither_o the_o archbishop_n who_o be_v present_a in_o his_o history_n nor_o the_o king_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o pope_n mention_v any_o such_o thing_n yet_o all_o agree_v that_o pascualis_fw-la than_o a_o canon_n of_o toledo_n and_o who_o carry_v the_o archbishop_n cross_n before_o he_o break_v twice_o through_o the_o enemy_n battle_n with_o it_o unhurt_a though_o they_o all_o aim_v at_o he_o and_o many_o dart_n throw_v at_o he_o stick_v on_o the_o staff_n of_o the_o cross_n so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o lance_n and_o dart_n be_v find_v that_o though_o the_o christian_n during_o two_o day_n they_o stay_v there_o use_v no_o other_o fuel_n they_o can_v not_o consume_v they_o all_o fame_n first_o and_o then_o messenger_n send_v on_o purpose_n soon_o spread_v the_o news_n of_o this_o victory_n through_o all_o part_n great_a be_v the_o grief_n it_o bring_v to_o the_o moor_n and_o no_o less_o the_o joy_n it_o spread_v through_o all_o christendom_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o action_n this_o king_n of_o navarre_n to_o the_o arm_n of_o his_o ancestor_n which_o be_v navarre_n only_o a_o red_a shield_n add_v chain_n and_o a_o emraud_n in_o the_o middle_n as_o be_v use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o token_n that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o break_v the_o chain_n that_o defend_v the_o enemy_n camp_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_z king_n alonso_z of_o castille_n now_o take_v the_o castle_n for_o his_o arm_n but_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o from_o this_o time_n there_o be_v those_o who_o write_v the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o custom_n of_o abstain_v from_o flesh_n upon_o saturday_n the_o contrary_a custom_n have_v be_v introduce_v by_o the_o goth_n who_o doubtless_o learned_a it_o in_o greece_n when_o they_o be_v convert_v this_o great_a victory_n be_v doubtless_o obtain_v by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o christian_n who_o in_o all_o part_n and_o particular_o in_o rome_n the_o pope_n himself_z promote_a it_o make_v procession_n and_o offer_v up_o their_o vow_n to_o heaven_n for_o this_o purpose_n many_o bishop_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o noble_n who_o name_n it_o be_v tedious_a and_o needless_a to_o repeat_v be_v present_a at_o this_o battle_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o third_z day_n after_o the_o fight_n the_o christian_n move_v their_o camp_n they_o recover_v ferral_n and_o take_v bilche_n banos_n and_o tolosa_n from_o why_o which_o last_o place_n this_o action_n be_v name_v the_o battle_n of_o navas_n de_fw-fr tolosa_n baeça_o be_v abandon_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o enter_v by_o our_o force_n which_o set_v fire_n to_o and_o burn_v a_o number_n of_o infidel_n who_o think_v to_o defend_v themselves_o in_o the_o great_a mosque_n vbeda_n the_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o victory_n be_v take_v by_o assault_n most_o of_o the_o inhabitans_fw-la put_v to_o the_o sword_n the_o rest_n make_v slave_n which_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o moor_n and_o the_o plunder_v be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n encourage_v the_o soldier_n almost_o spend_v with_o labour_n sickness_n and_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o season_n oblige_v the_o king_n to_o turn_v back_o to_o a_o more_o temperate_a country_n on_o their_o return_n near_o catratrava_n they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o austria_n who_o bring_v 200_o horse_n to_o serve_v in_o that_o war._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v his_o kinsman_n accompany_v he_o back_o to_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n in_o recompense_n for_o his_o assistance_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n restore_v to_o he_o of_o navarre_n 14_o town_n he_o have_v before_o take_v from_o he_o and_o then_o have_v take_v his_o leave_n of_o both_o king_n enter_v toledo_n in_o triumph_n first_o he_o give_v thanks_o to_o god_n for_o this_o so_o signal_n providence_n and_o order_v the_o 16_o of_o july_n to_o be_v keep_v for_o ever_o as_o a_o holiday_n in_o memory_n of_o it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o triumph_n of_o the_o holy-cross_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o king_n pursue_v his_o success_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n the_o town_n of_o duenas_n which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o knight_n 1213._o of_o calatrava_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o eznavejor_n to_o those_o of_o santiago_n alcaraz_n a_o little_a town_n in_o the_o mountain_n mariani_n seat_v on_o a_o rise_a craggy_a hill_n have_v endure_v a_o siege_n of_o two_o month_n be_v take_v on_o the_o 22th_o of_o may_n so_o several_a other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n this_o do_v king_n alonso_n load_v with_o honour_n return_v to_o toledo_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n by_o ellenor_n his_o queen_n berengaria_n his_o daughter_n his_o son_n henry_n and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n this_o be_v a_o very_a scarce_a year_n of_o provision_n for_o author_n affirm_v it_o rain_v not_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n for_o the_o space_n of_o nine_o month_n so_o that_o the_o country_n people_n be_v force_v to_o abandon_v their_o land_n and_o go_v to_o other_o place_n for_o sustenance_n the_o end_n of_o book_n xi_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n the_o twelve_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o original_a and_o growth_n of_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o albigenses_n which_o spread_v all_o over_o france_n and_o some_o part_n of_o spain_n preach_v against_o they_o be_v unsuccessful_a war_n be_v resolve_v upon_o after_o so_o notable_a a_o victory_n gain_v over_o the_o moor_n the_o affair_n of_o spain_n be_v in_o a_o prosperous_a condition_n for_o the_o almohade_n oppress_v by_o so_o great_a a_o loss_n stir_v not_o and_o the_o christian_n be_v encourage_v to_o conquer_v all_o the_o infidel_n be_v still_o possess_v off_o but_o at_o this_o same_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o arragon_n fall_v into_o great_a confusion_n arragon_n and_o suffer_v much_o detriment_n
shall_v not_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o â—â—ould_v hold_v that_o crown_n of_o he_o and_o do_v he_o 〈◊〉_d for_o it_o that_o if_o d._n alonso_n die_v without_o 〈◊〉_d his_o brother_n ferdinand_n shall_v 〈…〉_z that_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n shall_v send_v â—000_n horse_n to_o castille_n the_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o arragon_n but_o give_v 〈◊〉_d army_n free_a passage_n through_o his_o dominion_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n that_o the_o two_o prince_n then_o prisoner_n be_v by_o the_o two_o king_n set_v at_o liberty_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o agreement_n be_v so_o displease_v to_o blanch_n the_o mother_n of_o â—â—â—_o prince_n that_o leave_v her_o brother_n she_o go_v away_o to_o portugal_n she_o labour_v with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d spirit_n to_o get_v assistance_n against_o 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o success_n answer_v not_o the_o pain_n she_o take_v denis_n king_n of_o portugal_n have_v 〈◊〉_d the_o moor_n his_o dominion_n â—njoyed_v perfect_a peace_n and_o will_v by_o no_o 〈◊〉_d be_v persuade_v to_o hazard_v his_o own_o quiet_a for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o this_o king_n have_v good_a natural_a part_n issue_n and_o who_o happy_a in_o a_o numerous_a â—â—ue_n by_o his_o queen_n elizabeth_n he_o have_v two_o daughter_n elizabeth_n and_o constance_n and_o one_o son_n call_v alonso_n who_o 〈◊〉_d he_o by_o other_o woman_n he_o have_v alonso_n de_fw-fr albuquerque_n from_o who_o descend_v a_o noble_a family_n in_o portugal_n peter_n give_v to_o 〈◊〉_d as_o appear_v by_o a_o book_n he_o write_v of_o the_o nobility_n of_o spain_n 〈◊〉_d and_o ferdinand_n 〈◊〉_d two_o daughter_n one_o marry_v to_o d._n john_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n the_o other_o to_o 〈◊〉_d chap._n viii_o trouble_n in_o castille_n the_o rightful_a heir_n to_o that_o crown_n before_o prisoner_n in_o arragon_n set_v at_o liberty_n war_n on_o that_o account_n betwixt_o those_o two_o crown_n badajoz_n mutiny_n and_o be_v reduce_v a_o interview_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o castille_n castile_n be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o moor_n amity_n be_v establish_v with_o the_o king_n of_o granada_n castille_n and_o a_o truce_n with_o the_o king_n of_o morocco_n a_o civil_a war_n be_v fear_v by_o all_o men._n these_o trouble_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o death_n of_o d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n kill_v in_o the_o court_n and_o even_o in_o the_o king_n presence_n in_o this_o manner_n d._n alvar_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n die_v soon_o after_o he_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n his_o competitor_n d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n return_v to_o court_n hope_v to_o recover_v his_o former_a favour_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v d._n alvar_n dead_a than_o d._n john_n his_o brother_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o esteem_n to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n and_o no_o less_o grief_n of_o d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n who_o so_o high_o resent_v it_o as_o to_o complain_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o prince_n john_n d._n lope_n son_n in_o law_n 〈…〉_z incursion_n far_o as_o guidad_fw-es 〈◊〉_d the_o king_n complain_v thereof_o to_o d._n lope_n who_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o say_v 〈…〉_z by_o his_o consent_n and_o add_v that_o if_o the_o king_n go_v to_o valladolid_n his_o son_n in-law_n will_v come_v to_o â—igules_n a_o town_n 〈◊〉_d that_o 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v threaten_v of_o he_o the_o king_n though_o enrage_v at_o this_o affront_n dissâ—â—â—ed_v it_o at_o present_a and_o go_v to_o valladolid_n speak_v with_o d._n john_n his_o brother_n â—o_z those_o trouble_v â—â—ased_v for_o some_o time_n from_o valladolid_n the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d to_o roa_n thence_o to_o 〈◊〉_d then_o to_o soria_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o towards_o taragona_n to_o meet_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o treat_v about_o deliver_v the_o two_o prince_n his_o nephew_n this_o meeting_n of_o the_o two_o king_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o policy_n of_o d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n who_o pass_v betwixt_o they_o and_o make_v proposal_n to_o each_o of_o they_o which_o the_o other_o never_o think_v of_o his_o design_n be_v by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o these_o two_o prince_n to_o pull_v down_o king_n sancho_n from_o who_o he_o be_v whole_o 〈◊〉_d therefore_o nothing_o be_v conclude_v king_n sancho_n return_v to_o alfaro_n a_o town_n or_o 〈◊〉_d on_o the_o border_n beacon_n and_o navarre_n prince_n john_n and_o d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n come_v thither_o to_o attend_v he_o without_o a_o sufficient_a retinue_n to_o guard_v they_o there_o be_v 〈◊〉_d at_o that_o 〈…〉_z archbishop_n at_o toledo_n the_o bishop_n of_o plasencia_n callahorra_n osma_n and_o tuy_n beside_o the_o 〈…〉_z lord_n 〈…〉_z and_o the_o abbot_n of_o valladolid_n all_o summon_v to_o a_o council_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d and_o d._n lope_n be_v come_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n he_o command_v they_o immediate_o to_o deliver_v up_o all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o they_o excuse_v themselves_o he_o order_v they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v d._n lope_n 〈◊〉_d hand_n on_o his_o sword_n and_o wrap_v his_o cloak_n about_o his_o arm_n call_v the_o king_n tyrant_n give_v he_o much_o more_o court_n opprobrious_a language_n and_o step_v forward_o to_o kill_v he_o all_o that_o be_v by_o 〈◊〉_d and_o fall_v upon_o he_o first_o out_o off_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o soon_o make_v a_o end_n of_o he_o prince_n john_n after_o wound_v some_o of_o the_o king_n servant_n see_v his_o father_n in_o law_n dead_a flee_v to_o the_o queen_n chamber_n who_o stand_v before_o he_o to_o stop_v the_o king_n that_o follow_v with_o his_o draw_a sword_n and_o by_o her_o entreaty_n save_v his_o life_n however_o he_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n to_o stand_v trial_n for_o his_o offence_n it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o relate_v all_o the_o particular_n of_o this_o treason_n and_o the_o confusion_n in_o the_o royal_a family_n these_o head_n be_v take_v off_o all_o tumult_n cease_v for_o the_o present_a and_o the_o example_n terrify_v other_o from_o attempt_v just_a then_o to_o rebel_n but_o when_o the_o terror_n be_v somewhat_o abate_v that_o action_n of_o the_o king_n be_v begin_v to_o be_v open_o censure_v the_o friend_n and_o kindred_n of_o those_o two_o great_a man_n withdraw_v from_o court_n and_o many_o get_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n thus_o a_o mighty_a storm_n seem_v to_o threaten_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n as_o be_v say_v make_v haste_n to_o conclude_v the_o league_n with_o france_n joanna_n wife_n to_o the_o late_a d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n daughter_n to_o d._n alonso_n lord_n of_o molina_n all_o clad_v in_o mourn_v go_v to_o see_v the_o queen_n her_o sister_n at_o santo_n domingo_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr calçada_fw-es where_o the_o court_n then_o be_v and_o prevail_v so_o far_o with_o her_o tear_n and_o the_o queen_n intercession_n that_o the_o king_n be_v appease_v and_o grant_v her_o son_n shall_v not_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o lordship_n of_o biscay_n as_o have_v be_v design_v the_o town_n of_o haro_n and_o castle_n of_o trevino_n be_v already_o seize_v moreover_o the_o queen_n promise_v her_o sister_n that_o if_o her_o son_n will_v be_v quiet_a and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n he_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o his_o father_n honour_n the_o lady_n joanna_n like_o a_o unconstant_a woman_n think_v this_o proceed_v from_o fear_n incense_v her_o son_n against_o the_o king_n and_o persuade_v he_o to_o cast_v off_o his_o allegiance_n and_o go_v over_o to_o arragon_n marry_o wife_n to_o prince_n john_n than_o a_o prisoner_n flee_v to_o navarre_n and_o with_o her_o many_o of_o her_o friend_n but_o other_o better_a advise_v stay_v to_o see_v the_o event_n of_o thing_n gaston_n viscount_n of_o bearne_n come_v speedy_o to_o arragon_n resolve_v to_o hazard_v his_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o defence_n of_o his_o kindred_n at_o the_o request_n of_o all_o these_o release_v noble_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n release_v the_o two_o brother_n prince_n of_o castille_n and_o the_o more_o to_o incense_v king_n sancho_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n at_o jaca_n salute_v alonso_n the_o elder_a king_n of_o castille_n and_o leon._n this_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o new_a war_n which_o present_o break_v out_o between_o castille_n and_o arragon_n the_o commonalty_n of_o castille_n be_v for_o a_o change_n the_o gentry_n for_o the_o most_o part_n stand_v by_o king_n sancho_n he_o about_o that_o time_n go_v to_o vitoria_n in_o the_o province_n of_o alava_n and_o there_o the_o queen_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n who_o be_v call_v henry_n this_o journey_n be_v undertake_v in_o order_n to_o meet_v the_o king_n of_o france_n at_o bayonne_n as_o have_v be_v agree_v and_o to_o subdue_v biscay_n this_o war_n prove_v more_o difficult_a than_o be_v expect_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o
rojas_n two_o man_n of_o note_n some_o other_o he_o imprison_v john_n fernandez_n de_fw-fr hinestrosa_n be_v let_v out_o of_o prison_n at_o toro_n up-upon_a parole_n that_o he_o will_v return_v if_o he_o do_v not_o appease_v the_o king_n but_o he_o break_v his_o word_n henry_n and_o frederick_n the_o king_n bastard-brother_n seize_v the_o city_n toledo_n robe_v all_o the_o jew_n and_o murder_v about_o 1000_o of_o they_o but_o the_o king_n come_v upon_o they_o before_o they_o be_v provide_v to_o make_v resistance_n they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o their_o life_n the_o king_n revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o town_n execute_v some_o gentleman_n and_o twenty_o two_o of_o the_o commonalty_n among_o those_o condemn_a be_v a_o goldsmith_n eighty_o year_n of_o age_n a_o son_n of_o he_o of_o eighteen_o year_n old_a offer_v to_o die_v for_o he_o and_o the_o king_n accept_v of_o the_o exchange_n peter_n gomez_n barroso_n bishop_n of_o siguença_n be_v imprison_v for_o favour_v the_o townsman_n and_o queen_n blanch_n send_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o siguença_n toledo_n be_v subdue_v the_o king_n go_v about_o to_o reduce_v the_o other_o city_n cuenca_n shut_v the_o gate_n against_o he_o and_o be_v a_o strong_a place_n he_o will_v not_o use_v violence_n d._n sancho_n another_o bastard-brother_n of_o the_o king_n be_v breed_v there_o under_o the_o care_n of_o alvar_n garcia_n de_fw-fr albornoz_n who_o flee_v with_o he_o into_o arragon_n toro_n be_v besiege_v within_o it_o be_v the_o queen_n mother_n d._n henry_n d._n frederick_n d._n peter_n estevanez_fw-fr carpintero_n who_o call_v himself_o master_n of_o calatrava_n with_o the_o best_a force_n of_o the_o association_n during_o the_o siege_n da._n maria_n de_fw-fr padilla_n be_v deliver_v at_o tordisillas_n of_o a_o three_o daughter_n call_v elizabth_o d._n john_n de_fw-fr padilla_n master_n of_o santiago_n be_v kill_v in_o a_o skirmish_n with_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n the_o king_n will_v not_o bestow_v that_o honour_n leave_v it_o as_o a_o bait_n to_o attract_v d._n frederik_n to_o his_o service_n pope_n innocent_n send_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bolonia_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n but_o he_o effect_v nothing_o only_o obtain_v that_o bishop_n peter_n gomez_n barroso_n shall_v be_v release_v count_n henry_n flee_v from_o toro_n to_o galicia_n d._n frederick_n peter_n go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n last_o on_o the_o 5_o of_o january_n 1356_o one_o of_o the_o townsman_n who_o have_v the_o guard_n of_o a_o gate_n give_v the_o king_n entrance_n the_o king_n be_v master_n of_o the_o city_n cause_v peter_n estevanez_fw-fr carpintero_n ruy_n gonzalez_n de_fw-fr castaneda_n and_o other_o great_a man_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o the_o queen_n presence_n she_o faint_v away_o at_o the_o sight_n and_o come_v to_o herself_o loud_o curse_v the_o king_n her_o son_n and_o soon_o after_o with_o his_o leave_n go_v away_o into_o portugal_n where_o she_o live_v as_o lendly_a as_o she_o have_v do_v before_o there_o 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who_o make_v his_o party_n good_a and_o twice_o defeat_v the_o king_n force_n thence_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o rochel_n in_o france_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o france_n surprise_v and_o make_v prisoner_n he_o of_o navarre_n as_o he_o be_v at_o a_o feast_n with_o the_o dauphin_n at_o rouen_n in_o normandy_n he_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n for_o favour_v the_o english_a be_v a_o subject_a to_o france_n thus_o the_o spaniard_n reside_v in_o france_n be_v divide_v count_n henry_n receive_v pay_v of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o philip_z the_o king_n of_o navarre_n brother_n join_v with_o english_a in_o normandy_n the_o earl_n of_o faux_n do_v the_o same_o offend_v at_o the_o wrong_n do_v to_o that_o king_n his_o brother-in-law_n thus_o great_a revolution_n and_o bloody_a war_n threaten_v france_n and_o spain_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o end_n of_o the_o sixteen_o book_n the_o history_n of_o spain_n the_o seventeen_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n in_o arragon_n many_o rebellious_a noble_n in_o castille_n put_v to_o death_n the_o war_n between_o castille_n and_o arragon_n carry_v on_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n we_o shall_v now_o write_v of_o a_o war_n betwixt_o two_o kingdom_n ally_v by_o several_a marriage_n a_o war_n bloody_a and_o destructive_a which_o consume_v many_o noble_a person_n and_o last_o he_o that_o begin_v it_o give_v a_o new_a race_n of_o king_n to_o castille_n and_o restore_a peace_n the_o motive_n of_o this_o war_n consider_v single_o and_o apart_o be_v inconsiderable_a but_o concur_v all_o together_o make_v a_o mighty_a flood_n of_o discontent_n both_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o arragon_n be_v prince_n of_o high_a spirit_n alike_o in_o condition_n and_o arragon_n harshness_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o of_o castille_n as_o the_o young_a be_v hot_a the_o aragonian_a complain_v that_o the_o castilian_a countenance_v his_o brother_n in_o raise_v sedition_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v offend_v that_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n have_v put_v castilian_a garrison_n into_o his_o fort_n of_o alicant_n and_o orihuela_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n be_v incense_v for_o that_o the_o galley_n of_o arragon_n have_v take_v certain_a ship_n lade_v with_o corn_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o guadalquivir_n which_o make_v the_o want_n there_o be_v before_o more_o grievous_a beside_o that_o the_o outlaw_n of_o castille_n be_v protect_v in_o arragon_n and_o also_o that_o the_o aragonian_a knight_n of_o calatrava_n and_o santiago_n will_v not_o obey_v their_o master_n in_o castille_n another_o new_a complaint_n be_v add_v to_o all_o these_o which_o be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v reduce_v castille_n go_v to_o sevil_n and_o thence_o for_o his_o diversion_n in_o a_o galley_n to_o â—ee_n the_o fishery_n at_o almadravas_n near_o s._n lucar_n two_o ship_n lay_v then_o at_o anchor_n in_o that_o port_n ten_o galley_n of_o arragon_n bind_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o french_a against_o the_o english_a coast_v that_o way_n spy_v those_o two_o ship_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o before_o the_o king_n face_n this_o be_v a_o heinous_a affront_n and_o war._n gutierre_n de_fw-fr toledo_n be_v send_v to_o demand_v satisfaction_n the_o aragonian_a commander_n answer_v that_o those_o ship_n belong_v to_o genoeses_n with_o who_o they_o be_v then_o at_o war_n and_o may_v therefore_o lawful_o be_v make_v prize_n have_v receive_v this_o positive_a answer_n from_o the_o admiral_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n send_v giles_n velazquez_n de_fw-fr segovia_n ambassador_n into_o arragon_n to_o demand_v restitution_n of_o the_o ship_n take_v and_o that_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o galley_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o at_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v fit_v out_o a_o fleet_n at_o barcelona_n to_o subdue_v the_o rebel_n of_o sardinia_n and_o therefore_o return_v a_o favourable_a answer_n say_v he_o will_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n will_v banish_v his_o fugitive_n subject_n out_o of_o arragon_n and_o punish_v the_o admiral_n at_o his_o return_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o santiago_n and_o calatrava_n that_o they_o be_v religious_a man_n he_o will_v stand_v by_o whatsoever_o the_o pope_n shall_v decree_v in_o that_o case_n giles_n velazquez_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n and_o therefore_o in_o his_o king_n name_n declare_v war._n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n reply_v he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o war_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o commence_v it_o but_o do_v not_o doubt_n if_o invade_v to_o repulse_v it_o thus_o the_o war_n break_v out_o many_o catalonian_n merchant_n reside_v at_o sevil_n in_o a_o moment_n they_o be_v all_o secure_v and_o their_o effect_n seize_v upon_o both_o kingdom_n make_v preparation_n and_o endeavour_v to_o obtain_v foreign_a aid_n particular_o luis_n brother_n to_o
20_o day_n of_o disposition_n he_o be_v robu_v and_o of_o spirit_n die_v lively_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o life_n be_v stain_v with_o a_o lewd_a appetite_n though_o he_o be_v past_o act_v for_o he_o fix_v his_o affection_n upon_o a_o handsome_a young_a woman_n call_v frances_n rose_n who_o he_o design_v to_o have_v former_o marry_v to_o that_o d._n jayme_n de_fw-fr arragon_n who_o be_v execute_v at_o barcelona_n in_o his_o will_n make_v 10_o year_n before_o his_o death_n he_o ordain_v several_a godly_a work_n to_o be_v perform_v particular_o the_o erect_v two_o monastery_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n hierome_n which_o be_v famous_a at_o this_o time_n one_o of_o they_o be_v st._n engracia_n at_o zaragoça_n the_o other_o st._n marry_o de_fw-mi belpuch_o in_o catalonia_n his_o son_n exact_o perform_v all_o that_o he_o have_v ordain_v he_o also_o order_v that_o the_o grandson_n of_o his_o son_n ferdinand_n though_o by_o a_o daughter_n shall_v inherit_v the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n and_o take_v place_n of_o their_o mother_n chap._n viii_o elinor_n queen_n of_o navarre_n the_o trouble_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o her_o death_n the_o countess_n of_o medellin_n raise_v tumult_n in_o castille_n portuguese_n overthrow_v by_o the_o castilian_n heretical_a opinion_n started_n and_o condemn_v in_o spain_n king_n ferdinand_n go_v into_o arragon_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n his_o dominion_n be_v divide_v arragon_n fall_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o navarre_z to_o the_o princess_n elinor_n in_o the_o right_n of_o her_o mother_n she_o have_v be_v 7_o year_n a_o widow_n and_o consequent_o expose_v to_o great_a misfortune_n that_o kingdom_n be_v navarre_n still_o divide_v betwixt_o the_o old_a faction_n the_o biamonteses_n enemy_n to_o the_o new_a queen_n be_v most_o prevalent_a these_o trouble_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o judgement_n for_o the_o murder_v commit_v upon_o charles_n prince_n of_o viana_n the_o princess_n blanch_n his_o sister_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o pamplona_n queen_n ellenor_n reign_v not_o a_o whole_a month._n she_o be_v more_o fortunate_a in_o her_o issue_n than_o in_o her_o life_n for_o she_o have_v 4_o son_n gaston_n john_n peter_n and_o james_n and_o 5_o daughter_n marry_o joanna_n marguerite_n catherine_n and_o ellenor_n we_o shall_v brief_o speak_v of_o they_o all_o great_a family_n be_v descend_v from_o they_o gaston_n die_v as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o leave_v two_o child_n francis_n phoebus_n and_o catherine_n who_o both_o reign_v in_o navarre_n successive_o john_n be_v lord_n of_o narbonne_n which_o he_o buy_v of_o his_o father_n and_o have_v issue_n gaston_n and_o germana_n gaston_n be_v kill_v at_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n where_o he_o be_v general_n for_o luis_n the_o 12_o of_o france_n germana_n marry_a king_n firdinand_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o first_o wife_n peter_n apply_v himself_o to_o learning_n and_o piety_n and_o pope_n sixtus_n make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n james_n follow_v the_o war_n and_o be_v never_o marry_v marry_o the_o elder_a daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o william_n marquis_n of_o monferrat_n joanna_n to_o john_n earl_n of_o armagnac_n margaret_z to_z francis_z duke_n of_o brittany_n and_o have_v issue_n ann_n and_o elizabeth_n ann_n the_o heiress_n be_v marry_v first_o to_o charles_n the_o 8_o and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o luis_n the_o 12_o of_o france_n join_v that_o dukedom_n and_o kingdom_n catherine_n four_o daughter_n to_o queen_n ellenor_n marry_a gaston_n de_fw-fr faux_n earl_n of_o candale_n and_o bring_v forth_o 2_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n call_v anne_n marry_v to_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n ellenor_n the_o young_a daughter_n die_v a_o maid_n queen_n ellenor_n die_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o february_n at_o tudela_n where_o she_o begin_v her_o reign_n in_o she_o will_v she_o ordain_v out_o of_o her_o own_o money_n a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_n shall_v be_v build_v at_o tafalla_n and_o that_o her_o body_n shall_v be_v bury_v there_o and_o the_o bone_n of_o her_o mother_n queen_n blanch_n be_v also_o translate_v thither_o from_o the_o monastery_n of_o nuestra_n senora_n de_fw-fr nieva_n in_o old_a castille_n where_o they_o be_v deposit_v the_o revenue_n be_v so_o exhaust_v that_o she_o be_v force_v to_o sell_v her_o jewel_n to_o live_v francis_n phoebus_n so_o call_v for_o his_o extraordinary_a beauty_n be_v but_o 11_o year_n of_o age_n succeed_v she_o his_o mother_n the_o lady_n magdalen_n and_o his_o uncle_n peter_n the_o cardinal_n have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n till_o he_o come_v to_o year_n and_o discharge_v their_o trust_n prudent_o in_o those_o difficult_a time_n the_o late_a queen_n during_o her_o trouble_n have_v no_o help_n from_o her_o brother_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n therefore_o she_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o he_o in_o her_o will_n but_o direct_v the_o governor_n to_o adhere_v to_o france_n as_o they_o do_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n they_o soon_o lose_v that_o kingdom_n thus_o much_o of_o navarre_n in_o castille_n some_o new_a opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n be_v broach_v one_o peter_n oxomensis_n a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o salamanca_n be_v the_o author_n by_o order_n of_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n assemble_v several_a person_n of_o great_a learning_n at_o alcala_n where_o he_o refide_v who_o all_o condemn_a those_o new_a opinion_n and_o the_o author_n be_v excommunicate_v unless_o he_o recant_v sentence_n be_v give_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o may_n spain_n and_o soon_o after_o pope_n sixtus_n confirm_v it_o by_o his_o bull._n john_n prexanus_n a_o famous_a divine_a in_o that_o age._n afterward_o bishop_n of_o cuidad_fw-es rodrigo_n write_v a_o book_n against_o the_o say_a peter_n the_o marquisate_n of_o villena_n be_v now_o the_o seat_n of_o war_n for_o the_o marquis_n because_o covenant_n be_v not_o perform_v with_o he_o have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n and_o relieve_v the_o town_n of_o chinchilla_n besiege_v by_o the_o king_n force_n peter_n ruiz_n de_fw-fr alarcon_n who_o command_v a_o party_n of_o the_o king_n be_v be_v defeat_v near_o alberca_n by_o peter_n de_fw-fr baeça_n and_o d._n george_n manrique_n who_o in_o another_o skirmish_n with_o peter_n de_fw-fr baeça_n be_v wound_v of_o which_o hurt_n he_o afterward_o die_v a_o great_a pity_n that_o so_o ripe_a a_o wit_n shall_v be_v so_o soon_o cut_v off_o hereupon_o the_o marquis_n be_v liable_a as_o have_v be_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n force_n he_o excuse_v himself_o lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o insolency_n of_o those_o officer_n who_o force_v he_o to_o do_v so_o and_o plead_v he_o have_v no_o deal_n either_o with_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n or_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n these_o excuse_n whether_o true_a or_o counterfeit_n prevent_v any_o far_a proceed_n against_o he_o in_o this_o war_n there_o happen_v a_o extraordinary_a accident_n worth_n relate_v the_o king_n party_n have_v hang_v 6_o of_o the_o prisoner_n they_o take_v in_o revenge_n john_n berrio_n a_o officer_n of_o the_o marquis_n order_v as_o many_o of_o those_o he_o have_v take_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o prisoner_n cast_v lot_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n it_o fall_v to_o the_o share_n of_o one_o of_o 2_o brother_n that_o be_v prisoner_n who_o have_v a_o wife_n and_o child_n to_o die_v the_o other_o brother_n who_o be_v a_o bachelor_n beg_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n in_o his_o place_n and_o so_o it_o be_v do_v after_o they_o have_v both_o long_a and_o with_o many_o tear_n contend_v about_o it_o king_n ferdinand_z and_o queen_n elizabeth_z receive_v the_o news_n of_o king_n john_n death_n and_o their_o turbulent-woman_n own_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n in_o estremadura_n where_o they_o be_v quell_v the_o tumult_n raise_v by_o the_o countess_n of_o medellin_n and_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr mâ—nrey_n the_o countess_n have_v a_o spirit_n above_o a_o woman_n for_o she_o keep_v she_o own_o son_n d._n john_n portocarrero_n some_o year_n a_o prisoner_n and_o at_o last_o turn_v he_o out_o of_o door_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n she_o be_v in_o arm_n fear_v lest_o she_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v the_o earldom_n to_o her_o son_n who_o lay_v claim_n to_o it_o as_o his_o father_n inheritance_n she_o also_o design_v to_o keep_v the_o city_n merida_n in_o which_o she_o have_v a_o garrison_n d._n alonso_n be_v digu_v that_o the_o mastership_n of_o alcantara_n be_v take_v from_o he_o and_o give_v to_o d._n john_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n upon_o which_o pretence_n he_o seize_v several_a town_n belong_v to_o that_o military_a order_n the_o king_n provide_v for_o the_o war_n with_o portugal_n which_o it_o be_v fear_v will_v prove_v more_o bloody_a than_o before_o yet_o both_o party_n be_v exhaust_v a_o treaty_n be_v propose_v this_o be_v the_o more_o welcome_a to_o
d._n john_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n master_n of_o alcantara_n to_o resign_v up_o that_o dignity_n to_o he_o and_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o sevil._n thus_o the_o king_n become_v master_n of_o those_o three_o order_n for_o his_o life_n and_o pope_n alexander_n join_v with_o he_o queen_n elizabeth_n appoint_v she_o to_o inherit_v those_o dignity_n after_o his_o death_n last_o pope_n adrian_n some_o year_n after_o to_o oblige_v his_o scholar_n charles_n the_o emperor_n grant_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o presentation_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n in_o spain_n which_o before_o the_o king_n have_v only_a liberty_n to_o recommend_v by_o way_n of_o suit_n he_o also_o assign_v he_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o three_o military_a order_n for_o ever_o to_o this_o last_o master_n of_o alcantara_n who_o be_v afterward_o a_o cardinal_n the_o master_n antony_n de_fw-fr nebriga_n dedicate_v his_o dictionary_n this_o be_v a_o man_n worthy_a of_o immortal_a 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and_o marry_v the_o lady_n joanna_n de_fw-fr arragon_n king_n ferdinand_n bastard_n daughter_n nothing_o happen_v about_o this_o time_n more_o remarkable_a or_o that_o put_v italy_n and_o the_o most_o part_n war._n of_o europe_n into_o a_o great_a confusion_n than_o the_o famous_a war_n in_o naples_n undertake_v by_o charles_n the_o viii_o king_n of_o france_n as_o have_v be_v before_o hint_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o war_n let_v we_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v in_o other_o place_n say_v of_o the_o original_a cause_n of_o it_o pope_n urban_n the_o vi_o cause_v charles_n prince_n of_o durazzo_n to_o come_v out_o of_o hungary_n to_o oppose_v he_o against_o joanna_n queen_n of_o naples_n who_o have_v favour_v the_o election_n of_o clement_n the_o vii_o his_o competitor_n whereby_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n be_v much_o disturb_v she_o call_v to_o her_o assistance_n luis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n young_a son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o adopt_v he_o her_o son_n and_o 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charles_n nephew_n to_o renèe_v his_o brother_n son_n inherit_v his_o possession_n this_o charles_n in_o his_o will_n constitute_v luis_n the_o xi_o king_n of_o france_n his_o heir_n believe_v renée_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n his_o own_o nephew_n can_v not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o the_o arragonian_n this_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o the_o war_n in_o naples_n another_o secondary_a cause_n be_v add_v in_o this_o manner_n galleazzo_n duke_n of_o milan_n be_v murder_v by_o his_o subject_n luis_n sforcia_n his_o brother_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o that_o dukedom_n under_o colour_n of_o the_o minority_n of_o john_n galleazzo_n son_n to_o the_o decease_a luis_n sforcia_n have_v to_o wife_n beatrix_n sister_n to_o to_o hercules_n duke_n of_o ferrara_n also_o alonso_n duke_n of_o calabria_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n be_v marry_v to_o hippolita_n sister_n to_o luis_n sforcia_n by_o who_o he_o have_v ferdinand_n and_o elizabeth_z ferdinand_n be_v king_n of_o naples_n after_o his_o grandfather_n and_o father_n elizabeth_n be_v marry_v to_o john_n galeazzo_n the_o true_a duke_n of_o milan_n this_o lady_n see_v her_o husband_n exclude_v though_o he_o have_v two_o child_n by_o she_o persuade_v her_o father_n to_o restore_v her_o husband_n to_o the_o inheritance_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o ancestor_n luis_n sforcia_n perceive_v what_o a_o storm_n threaten_v he_o from_o naples_n invite_v charles_n the_o viii_o king_n of_o france_n to_o invade_v that_o kingdom_n which_o he_o say_v of_o right_n appertain_v to_o he_o many_o man_n of_o note_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n encourage_v the_o king_n to_o undertake_v this_o enterprise_n as_o also_o some_o baron_n of_o naples_n banish_v by_o king_n ferdinand_n philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n say_v those_o nobleman_n be_v well_o receive_v at_o first_o yet_o such_o be_v their_o entertainment_n that_o necessity_n drive_v they_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o king_n ferdinand_n who_o have_v a_o better-title_n to_o that_o crown_n than_o the_o possessor_n who_o be_v of_o the_o bastard_n line_n yet_o the_o king_n perceive_v those_o lord_n only_o seek_v their_o own_o end_n and_o will_v consequent_o follow_v he_o that_o come_v first_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o engage_v in_o that_o war_n and_o only_o endeavour_v to_o dissuade_v the_o french_a from_o it_o by_o this_o time_n they_o be_v so_o far_o ingagage_v there_o be_v no_o go_v back_o both_o party_n seek_v to_o strengthen_v themselves_o with_o alliance_n the_o french_a and_o milaneses_n join_v in_o league_n with_o all_o the_o state_n of_o italy_n except_o the_o florentine_n who_o at_o first_o favour_v the_o arragonian_n and_o the_o venetian_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o stand_v neuter_n than_o favour_n either_o side_n pope_n alexander_n though_o at_o first_o he_o appear_v averse_a from_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n at_o last_o upon_o promise_n that_o his_o son_n shall_v have_v possession_n give_v they_o in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o that_o a_o yearly_a pension_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o he_o he_o resolve_v to_o stand_v by_o those_o who_o have_v oblige_v he_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n cease_v not_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o war_n and_o make_v all_o the_o friend_n he_o can_v particular_o he_o send_v a_o ambassador_n into_o spain_n to_o press_v the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o france_n he_o urge_v their_o near_a kindred_n as_o be_v cousin-german_n and_o brother_n in-law_n and_o put_v king_n ferdinand_n in_o mind_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o sicily_n in_o case_n the_o french_a become_v master_n of_o naples_n all_o this_o move_v not_o king_n ferdinand_n to_o break_v with_o france_n only_o he_o send_v garcilasso_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vega_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o confirm_v he_o in_o his_o resolution_n of_o protect_v the_o king_n of_o naples_n and_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr silua_n brother_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o cifuentes_n be_v send_v to_o france_n to_o dissuade_v that_o king_n from_o the_o enterprise_n he_o 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this_o year_n be_v happy_a in_o the_o birth_n of_o this_o prince_n so_o it_o be_v unfortunate_a to_o portugal_n and_o all_o spain_n for_o king_n sebastian_n carried_z away_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o youth_n and_o ambitious_a to_o extend_v the_o christian_a name_n in_o africa_n take_v into_o his_o protection_n king_n muley_n hamet_n he_o gather_v force_n out_o of_o germany_n italy_n and_o castille_n to_o join_v with_o his_o own_o he_o fit_v out_o a_o great_a fleet_n in_o which_o he_o africa_n ship_v all_o his_o force_n and_o sail_v in_o july_n arrive_v at_o arzila_n a_o city_n in_o africa_a subject_n to_o the_o portuguese_n his_o first_o design_n be_v to_o attack_v the_o castle_n of_o alarache_fw-la which_o be_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n lucus_n the_o portuguese_n begin_v to_o march_v up_o the_o country_n and_o moluco_n meet_v they_o with_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o men._n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o four_o of_o august_n and_o the_o portuguese_n overthrow_v the_o slaughter_n be_v great_a and_o the_o number_n of_o prisoner_n incredible_a among_o which_o be_v many_o of_o note_n no_o battle_n in_o many_o year_n be_v so_o unfortunate_a for_o three_o king_n die_v there_o moluco_fw-la of_o sickness_n which_o have_v long_o stick_v by_o he_o he_o leave_v his_o brother_n hamet_n his_o heir_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n and_o muley_n drown_v in_o pass_v a_o river_n as_o he_o flee_v d._n john_n of_o austria_n to_o pacify_v the_o fleming_n consent_v that_o the_o spaniard_n shall_v be_v draw_v country_n out_o of_o those_o province_n and_o garrison_n of_o the_o native_n put_v into_o their_o stronghold_n which_o prove_v fatal_a for_o scarce_o be_v the_o spaniard_n go_v when_o the_o heretic_n conspire_v to_o seize_v d._n john_n he_o have_v notice_n of_o their_o design_n flee_v to_o namur_n begin_v to_o assemble_v force_n recall_v the_o spaniard_n who_o be_v march_v towards_o italy_n and_o have_v some_o skirmish_n with_o the_o enemy_n from_o who_o he_o take_v some_o place_n but_o death_n take_v he_o off_o in_o october_n and_o in_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o age_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o his_o design_n he_o die_v a_o natural_a death_n in_o the_o field_n alexander_n farnesius_n prince_n of_o parma_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o these_o province_n the_o province_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o archduke_n mathias_n call_v francis_n duke_n of_o alenson_n to_o their_o assistance_n against_o d._n john_n of_o austria_n who_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o offer_n and_o be_v country_n come_v to_o mons_fw-la in_o hainault_n they_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o protector_n of_o flanders_n in_o portugal_n die_v the_o princess_n mary_n daughter_n to_o emanuel_n by_o his_o last_o wife_n ellenor_n this_o lady_n when_o she_o die_v be_v well_o in_o year_n and_o a_o maid_n for_o though_o several_a match_n be_v propose_v never_o any_o take_v effect_n anno_fw-la 1579._o as_o soon_o as_o the_o dismal_a news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sebastian_n be_v bring_v to_o lisbon_n cardinal_n portugal_n henry_n his_o great_a uncle_n brother_n to_o his_o grandfather_n be_v proclaim_v king_n though_o then_o very_a old_a and_o unhealthy_a the_o nobility_n to_o secure_v the_o succession_n will_v have_v he_o marry_v but_o it_o be_v unlikely_a he_o shall_v have_v any_o child_n there_o be_v many_o pretender_n to_o that_o crown_n king_n philip_n in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n elizabeth_n the_o empress_n philibert_n duke_n of_o savoy_n as_o son_n to_o the_o lady_n beatrix_n both_o which_o be_v daughter_n to_o king_n emanuel_n the_o prince_n of_o parma_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n the_o princess_n mary_n then_o dead_a but_o have_v leave_v two_o son_n ranucius_n and_o edward_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o bragança_n in_o the_o right_n of_o catherine_n his_o wife_n these_o two_o lady_n be_v grandchild_n to_o king_n emanuel_n and_o daughter_n to_o prince_n edward_n marry_o be_v the_o elder_a but_o be_v dead_a and_o catherine_n be_v live_v antony_n prior_n of_o ocrato_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n as_o son_n to_o prince_n luis_n and_o grandson_n to_o king_n emanuel_n he_o to_o cover_v his_o be_v a_o bastard_n pretend_v his_o father_n have_v be_v marry_v to_o his_o mother_n but_o no_o proof_n appear_v catherine_n queen-mother_n of_o france_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n as_o descend_v from_o matildis_n countess_n of_o bologn_n wife_n to_o alonso_n the_o 3d_o king_n of_o portugal_n affirm_v they_o have_v issue_n the_o portuguese_n urge_v that_o the_o countess_n leave_v no_o child_n either_o by_o her_o first_o or_o second_o husband_n and_o prove_v that_o when_o she_o die_v robert_n her_o nephew_n son_n to_o her_o sister_n alicia_n inherit_v her_o dominion_n from_o who_o that_o queen_n be_v descend_v by_o the_o mother_n side_n none_o of_o these_o princess_n want_v the_o pen_n of_o learned_a man_n to_o vindicate_v their_o title_n but_o king_n philip_n have_v the_o power_n which_o never_o fail_v to_o bear_v down_o all_o that_o the_o learned_a can_v say_v in_o behalf_n of_o their_o cause_n in_o sicily_n this_o year_n a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o liquid_a fire_n gush_v out_o of_o mount_n aetna_n which_o do_v aetna_n much_o harm_n in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n anno_fw-la 1580._o king_n philip_n prepare_v for_o the_o war_n with_o portugal_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n cause_v several_a troop_n of_o italian_n german_n and_o spaniard_n to_o march_v towards_o the_o frontier_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v disorder_n king_n philip_n labour_v to_o prevail_v with_o the_o new_a king_n his_o uncle_n die_v to_o declare_v he_o his_o heir_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n whilst_o this_o be_v in_o hand_n king_n henry_n depart_v this_o life_n at_o almeirin_fw-mi on_o the_o last_o of_o january_n it_o appear_v a_o war_n must_v of_o necessity_n ensue_v for_o that_o the_o portuguese_n it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v portugal_n will_v submit_v to_o the_o spaniard_n there_o 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