Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	author_n	great_a	time_n	2,069	5	3.0647	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A70499	The art of speaking written in French by Messieurs du Port Royal in pursuance of a former treatise intituled, The art of thinking ; rendred into English.; Art de parler. English	Lamy, Bernard, 1640-1715.; Arnauld, Antoine, 1612-1694.; Brulart, Fabio, 1655-1714.; Lamy, François, 1636-1711.; Nicole, Pierre, 1625-1695.	1676 (1676)	Wing L307A; ESTC R1142	142,874	456

the_o art_n of_o speak_v write_v in_o french_a by_o messieurs_fw-fr du_fw-mi port_n royal_a in_o pursuance_n of_o a_o former_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o art_n of_o think_v render_v into_o english_a london_n print_v by_o w._n godbid_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o m._n pitt_n at_o the_o angel_n against_o the_o little_a north_n door_n of_o st._n paul_n church_n 1676._o the_o preface_n our_o common_a idea_n of_o rhetoric_n be_v this_o that_o to_o speak_v eloquent_o it_o suffice_v to_o cram_v our_o memory_n with_o such_o precept_n as_o be_v prescribe_v by_o it_o in_o this_o opinion_n several_a people_n read_v with_o great_a eagerness_n those_o book_n which_o be_v write_v of_o that_o subject_a but_o after_o all_o their_o pain_n and_o assiduity_n find_v their_o improvement_n but_o small_a and_o themselves_o little_o more_o eloquent_a than_o before_o they_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o author_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o art_n according_a to_o his_o pretence_n so_o that_o not_o receive_v the_o benefit_n they_o expect_v their_o disappointment_n turn_v into_o disgust_n and_o make_v they_o despise_v all_o that_o he_o write_v i_o shall_v expect_v no_o better_a fortune_n for_o this_o book_n have_v not_o our_o author_n avoid_v a_o particular_a fault_n that_o render_v most_o book_n of_o rhetoric_n ineffectual_a he_o do_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o throng_n and_o huddle_n of_o precept_n that_o serve_v only_a to_o load_v and_o encumber_v the_o mind_n he_o endeavour_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o bottom_n of_o the_o be_v he_o undertake_v and_o its_o natural_a principle_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v leave_v we_o under_o no_o necessity_n of_o multitude_n of_o rule_n that_o do_v but_o crowd_v one_o another_o out_o of_o the_o memory_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v enter_v to_o make_v we_o comprehend_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o rhetoric_n our_o author_n begin_v with_o a_o explication_n how_o speech_n be_v form_v to_o show_v from_o nature_n itself_o after_o what_o manner_n word_n be_v to_o be_v contrive_v for_o the_o expression_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o our_o will_n he_o have_v suppose_v a_o company_n of_o new_a man_n meet_v together_o who_o have_v never_o converse_v before_o nor_o know_v how_o to_o speak_v he_o consider_v what_o these_o man_n will_v do_v he_o make_v it_o appear_v they_o will_v quick_o find_v the_o benefit_n of_o speech_n and_o frame_v a_o language_n to_o themselves_o he_o consider_v what_o form_n they_o will_v give_v it_o and_o in_o his_o research_n discover_v the_o fundamental_o of_o all_o language_n and_o give_v his_o reason_n for_o all_o rule_v prescribe_v by_o the_o grammarian_n it_o may_v be_v his_o disquisition_n will_v appear_v inconsiderable_a to_o some_o who_o will_v be_v discourage_v from_o read_v this_o book_n when_o in_o the_o front_n they_o find_v he_o speak_v of_o noun_n substantive_n adjective_n declension_n verb_n conjugation_n etc._n etc._n but_o beside_o that_o the_o consequence_n will_v easy_o evince_v that_o it_o be_v useful_a for_o teach_v language_n with_o more_o readiness_n and_o to_o make_v we_o speak_v more_o exact_o order_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o pass_v over_o those_o little_a thing_n which_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v quintilian_n as_o great_a a_o master_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o any_o have_v write_v make_v the_o most_o important_a part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o this_o he_o declare_v by_o compare_v they_o to_o the_o foundation_n of_o a_o house_n which_o though_o lay_v low_a under_o ground_n be_v yet_o as_o necessary_a part_n as_o any_o that_o appear_v when_o his_o new_a man_n have_v act_v their_o part_n our_o author_n show_v what_o be_v the_o true_a original_a of_o language_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o bare_a accident_n that_o supply_v we_o with_o word_n nevertheless_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o language_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o consent_n of_o man_n and_o that_o custom_n or_o common_a consent_n exercise_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o our_o word_n and_o therefore_o he_o give_v we_o rule_n to_o know_v the_o law_n of_o custom_n and_o direction_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v and_o all_o this_o in_o his_o first_o book_n in_o his_o second_o book_n he_o observe_v that_o the_o plentifull_a and_o most_o copious_a language_n can_v furnish_v proper_a term_n for_o the_o expression_n of_o all_o our_o idea_n and_o therefore_o recourse_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o art_n and_o we_o must_v borrow_v the_o term_n of_o thing_n that_o bear_v resemblance_n or_o retain_v some_o reference_n or_o connexion_n with_o those_o which_o we_o will_v signify_v other_o way_n have_v common_a custom_n afford_v we_o natural_a term_n these_o borrow_a expression_n be_v call_v trope_n he_o speak_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o trope_n and_o of_o their_o use_n he_o observe_v likewise_o in_o the_o same_o book_n that_o as_o nature_n have_v dispose_v the_o body_n of_o man_n so_o as_o to_o put_v itself_o into_o such_o posture_n immediate_o as_o be_v best_a proper_a for_o avoid_v what_o be_v like_a to_o be_v hurtful_a and_o for_o receive_v what_o be_v like_a to_o do_v good_a so_o nature_n direct_v we_o to_o certain_a trick_n and_o artifices_fw-la in_o speak_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o our_o hearer_n the_o effect_n which_o we_o desire_v whether_o it_o be_v anger_n or_o mildness_n or_o detestation_n or_o love_n these_o way_n and_o artifices_fw-la in_o speak_v be_v call_v figure_n of_o which_o our_o author_n treat_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n not_o content_v himself_o with_o mention_v their_o name_n and_o add_v some_o few_o example_n as_o be_v common_o do_v but_o he_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o each_o figure_n and_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v the_o easiness_n wherewith_o we_o speak_v and_o the_o pleasure_n we_o take_v to_o hear_v a_o harangue_n well_o pronounce_v as_o our_o author_n have_v observe_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n have_v dispose_v mankind_n to_o make_v use_n of_o word_n to_o signify_v his_o thought_n rather_o than_o of_o any_o other_o sign_n in_o the_o order_n and_o range_v of_o word_n great_a pain_n have_v be_v take_v to_o find_v out_o what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v a_o discourse_n go_v well_o off_o of_o the_o tongue_n and_o prove_v grateful_a to_o the_o hearer_n we_o have_v at_o large_a in_o his_o three_o book_n what_o we_o be_v to_o avoid_v what_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o we_o be_v to_o do_v in_o the_o rank_v our_o word_n for_o better_a pronunciation_n and_o what_o we_o be_v to_o do_v to_o make_v they_o acceptable_a to_o the_o ear._n in_o this_o book_n it_o be_v he_o discourse_n of_o period_n explain_v the_o art_n of_o versification_n and_o after_o he_o have_v teach_v what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n that_o be_v pleasant_a to_o the_o ear_n he_o show_v how_o the_o rule_v prescribe_v by_o other_o master_n for_o the_o composition_n of_o period_n and_o make_v of_o verse_n be_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o discover_v in_o discourse_n the_o condition_n that_o render_v pronunciation_n most_o agreeable_a and_o easy_a the_o last_o book_n treat_v of_o style_n or_o way_n of_o speak_v which_o man_n assume_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n he_o give_v direction_n for_o regulation_n of_o our_o style_n and_o that_o every_o subject_n may_v be_v treat_v in_o a_o convenient_a way_n he_o show_v how_o our_o style_n ought_v to_o be_v heighten_v or_o debase_v as_o the_o matter_n of_o our_o discourse_n be_v considerable_a or_o otherwise_o he_o show_v how_o the_o quality_n of_o our_o discourse_n ought_v to_o express_v the_o quality_n of_o our_o subject_n how_o our_o style_n ought_v to_o be_v strong_a or_o smooth_a severe_a or_o florid_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_n require_v he_o inquire_v into_o the_o style_n of_o a_o orator_n a_o poet_n a_o philosopher_n and_o historian_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o discourse_n speak_v of_o rhetorical_a ornament_n he_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o exact_a observation_n of_o the_o rule_n which_o he_o have_v prescribe_v these_o four_o book_n of_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v be_v follow_v by_o a_o discourse_n in_o which_o the_o author_n give_v we_o a_o idea_n of_o the_o art_n of_o persuasion_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o give_v reason_n why_o he_o have_v separate_v that_o art_n from_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v which_o reason_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o place_n though_o his_o discourse_n be_v short_a i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o afford_v a_o better_a description_n of_o the_o art_n of_o persuasion_n than_o great_a volume_n which_o other_o have_v compose_v of_o that_o subject_a and_o therefore_o our_o author_n display_v the_o true_a fundamental_o of_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o

of_o themselves_o they_o have_v nothing_o resemble_v those_o idea_n do_v notwithstanding_o represent_v they_o be_v the_o material_a part_n and_o may_v be_v call_v the_o body_n of_o our_o word_n ii_o before_o we_o speak_v we_o ought_v to_o form_v a_o scheme_n in_o our_o mind_n of_o what_o we_o desire_v to_o say_v a_o painter_n will_v not_o lay_v on_o his_o colour_n till_o he_o have_v form_v in_o his_o imagination_n what_o he_o design_n to_o draw_v discourse_n be_v the_o picture_n of_o our_o thought_n the_o tongue_n be_v the_o pencil_n which_o draw_v that_o picture_n and_o word_n be_v the_o colour_n we_o ought_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o range_v our_o thought_n and_o put_v such_o thing_n as_o we_o intend_v to_o represent_v by_o our_o word_n into_o natural_a order_n dispose_v they_o so_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o some_o few_o of_o they_o may_v render_v the_o rest_n more_o easy_a and_o intelligible_a to_o the_o reader_n the_o natural_a order_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o range_a of_o our_o thought_n belong_v proper_o to_o those_o that_o write_v of_o the_o art_n of_o think_v every_o art_n have_v its_o bound_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v transgress_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o reiate_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o our_o discourse_n my_o follow_a rule_n will_v not_o be_v i_o suppose_v unworthy_a of_o consideration_n the_o first_o be_v that_o we_o meditate_v upon_o our_o subject_n and_o make_v all_o reflection_n necessary_a for_o the_o discovery_n of_o such_o mean_n as_o may_v direct_v we_o to_o our_o propose_a end_n we_o must_v forget_v nothing_o that_o may_v make_v that_o subject_a perspicuous_a but_o it_o many_o time_n happen_v that_o endeavour_v to_o clear_v and_o explain_v a_o thing_n we_o overcharge_v the_o attention_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o render_v it_o more_o abstruse_a by_o our_o prolix_a explication_n abundance_n be_v sometime_o the_o cause_n of_o sterility_n the_o husbandman_n fear_v the_o rankness_n of_o his_o corn_n and_o feed_v his_o sheep_n with_o it_o to_o prevent_v it_o we_o can_v comprehend_v any_o argument_n or_o science_n unless_o our_o meditation_n supply_v we_o with_o thing_n necessary_a and_o retrench_v what_o be_v superfluous_a which_o pain_n a_o author_n be_v to_o spare_v to_o such_o person_n as_o he_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v a_o man_n that_o write_v by_o half_n give_v a_o imperfect_a account_n but_o a_o great_a book_n be_v a_o great_a evil_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o wander_v in_o it_o we_o lose_v ourselves_o and_o have_v scarce_o patience_n to_o turn_v it_o over_o when_o therefore_o we_o have_v make_v a_o exact_a collection_n of_o all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o matter_n of_o which_o we_o treat_v we_o must_v contract_v they_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o just_a bound_n and_o make_v a_o strict_a choice_n and_o selection_n of_o what_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a reject_v the_o rest_n as_o superfluous_a we_o be_v to_o be_v continual_o intent_n upon_o the_o end_n to_o which_o we_o will_v arrive_v we_o be_v to_o take_v the_o short_a cut_n to_o it_o and_o avoid_v all_o manner_n of_o deviation_n unless_o we_o slight_o run_v over_o thing_n of_o small_a importance_n not_o at_o all_o essential_a to_o our_o design_n our_o reader_n will_v be_v weary_a and_o his_o application_n divert_v from_o such_o as_o be_v this_o brevity_n so_o necessary_a to_o make_v a_o book_n neat_a and_o compact_a consist_v not_o only_o in_o the_o retrenchment_n of_o what_o be_v unnecessary_a but_o require_v that_o we_o insert_v such_o circumstance_n as_o may_v illustrate_v our_o discourse_n and_o imply_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o express_v for_o this_o we_o be_v to_o imitate_v the_o address_n of_o timanthes_n the_o famous_a painter_n who_o be_v to_o represent_v the_o prodigious_a stature_n of_o a_o giant_n in_o a_o small_a picture_n paint_v he_o lie_v along_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o satyr_n one_o of_o which_o be_v measure_v the_o giant_n thumb_n with_o his_o thyrse_n intimate_v 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we_o what_o this_o distinction_n ought_v to_o be_v let_v we_o see_v how_o man_n will_v form_v their_o language_n and_o make_v themselves_o intelligible_a one_o to_o another_o shall_v they_o be_v bring_v together_o from_o strange_a and_o remote_a place_n let_v we_o make_v use_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o poet_n and_o fetch_v either_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o heaven_n a_o troop_n of_o new_a man_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o the_o benefit_n of_o word_n the_o sight_n must_v needs_o be_v agreeable_a because_o it_o be_v pleasant_a to_o fancy_v they_o speak_v and_o converse_v together_o with_o their_o hand_n their_o eye_n gesture_n and_o contortion_n of_o their_o body_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o will_v not_o be_v long_o before_o they_o will_v be_v weary_a of_o these_o posture_n and_o either_o chance_n or_o discretion_n will_v show_v they_o the_o conveniency_n of_o word_n we_o can_v discover_v what_o form_n they_o will_v give_v to_o their_o language_n but_o by_o consider_v what_o we_o ourselves_o shall_v do_v in_o the_o same_o company_n diversity_n of_o word_n then_o be_v necessary_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o different_a thing_n which_o pass_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o we_o be_v incline_v to_o impart_v we_o must_v observe_v exact_o all_o that_o so_o pass_v that_o we_o may_v be_v enable_v thereby_o to_o find_v out_o what_o we_o be_v to_o do_v to_o paint_v the_o different_a feature_n of_o our_o thought_n when_o our_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v free_a and_o undisturbed_a we_o perceive_v what_o it_o be_v that_o strike_v they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n we_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o such_o thing_n present_a to_o our_o mind_n for_o which_o reason_n these_o idea_n be_v not_o improper_o call_v the_o object_n of_o our_o perception_n beside_o these_o idea_n which_o result_n from_o our_o sense_n there_o be_v other_o fundamental_o inherent_a in_o our_o nature_n and_o not_o fall_v that_o way_n into_o our_o mind_n as_o those_o which_o represent_v to_o we_o natural_a and_o original_a truth_n such_o as_o these_o that_o we_o be_v to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n etc._n etc._n doubtless_o if_o these_o new_a man_n will_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o find_v out_o word_n that_o may_v be_v sign_n of_o all_o these_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o perception_n which_o according_a to_o the_o philosopher_n be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o word_n it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o find_v particular_a sign_n to_o mark_v every_o idea_n and_o give_v it_o a_o particular_a name_n in_o as_o much_o as_o we_o natural_o make_v use_v of_o these_o primitive_a notion_n we_o may_v believe_v that_o if_o other_o thing_n shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o their_o mind_n bear_v any_o resemblance_n or_o conformity_n to_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v denominate_v before_o they_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o invent_v new_a word_n but_o with_o some_o little_a variation_n make_v use_n of_o the_o first_o name_n to_o denote_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o they_o will_v apply_v they_o experience_n persuade_v i_o that_o where_o a_o proper_a word_n do_v not_o occur_v immediate_o to_o our_o tongue_n we_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o name_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n bear_v some_o kind_n of_o resemblance_n to_o it_o in_o all_o language_n the_o name_n of_o thing_n almost_o alike_o have_v very_o little_a difference_n from_o one_o single_a word_n many_o other_o be_v derive_v as_o be_v obvious_a in_o the_o dictionary_n of_o such_o language_n as_o we_o know_v the_o same_o word_n may_v be_v diversify_v several_a way_n by_o transposition_n retrenchment_n addition_n of_o vowel_n or_o consonant_n or_o by_o

persuade_v both_o which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o our_o idea_n of_o rhetoric_n i_o do_v not_o despair_v but_o those_o who_o shall_v serious_o peruse_v this_o book_n will_v receive_v such_o benefit_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_a rhetorician_n who_o present_v we_o only_o with_o rule_n without_o any_o character_n or_o description_n of_o their_o principle_n though_o this_o new_a rhetoric_n shall_v give_v we_o nothing_o but_o speculative_a notion_n that_o contribute_v little_a to_o the_o make_v we_o eloquent_a yet_o the_o read_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o useless_a because_o in_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o art_n he_o make_v several_a important_a reflection_n upon_o our_o mind_n whereof_o discourse_n be_v the_o image_n which_o reflection_n conduce_v high_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o by_o consequence_n deserve_v our_o attention_n beside_o this_o i_o persuade_v myself_o there_o be_v no_o person_n 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word_n without_o regard_v the_o improvement_n of_o their_o judgement_n by_o accustom_v they_o to_o argue_v and_o reason_n upon_o the_o small_a thing_n that_o they_o be_v teach_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o science_n many_o time_n do_v but_o trouble_v the_o mind_n and_o corrupt_v the_o natural_a judgement_n that_o be_v often_o conspicuous_a in_o some_o person_n who_o study_v but_o little_a our_o author_n think_v not_o fit_a to_o swell_v up_o his_o book_n with_o multitude_n of_o example_n though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v have_v be_v convenient_a for_o there_o be_v no_o master_n but_o may_v supply_v this_o defect_n by_o cause_v his_o scholar_n to_o mark_v such_o place_n as_o be_v excellent_a in_o the_o work_v of_o such_o as_o have_v transcend_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o art_n this_o treatise_n be_v not_o intend_v for_o the_o orator_n alone_o but_o in_o general_a for_o all_o that_o either_o speak_v or_o write_v for_o poet_n historian_n philosopher_n divine_n etc._n etc._n and_o though_o it_o be_v compose_v in_o french_a it_o may_v serve_v for_o all_o language_n because_o it_o inquire_v into_o the_o fundamental_o of_o speech_n and_o the_o rule_v prescribe_v in_o it_o be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o any_o one_o language_n jan._n 19_o 1675._o imprimatur_fw-la hic_fw-la libre_fw-la cui_fw-la titulus_fw-la the_o art_n of_o speak_v etc._n etc._n gul._n jane_n s._n t._n b._n rev._n in_o christo_fw-la patri_fw-la d._n henr_n episc_n lond._n à_fw-fr sac._n dome_v the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v chap._n i._n i._o the_o organ_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o how_o our_o speech_n be_v form_v we_o may_v speak_v with_o our_o eye_n and_o our_o finger_n and_o make_v use_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o part_n to_o express_v the_o idea_n which_o be_v present_a to_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o affection_n of_o our_o will_n but_o this_o way_n of_o speak_v be_v not_o only_o imperfect_a but_o troublesome_a we_o can_v without_o much_o labour_n express_v by_o our_o eye_n or_o our_o finger_n all_o the_o variety_n of_o thing_n which_o occur_v to_o our_o thought_n we_o move_v our_o tongue_n with_o ease_n and_o can_v ready_o diversify_v the_o sound_n of_o our_o voice_n in_o different_a manner_n for_o this_o reason_n nature_n have_v dispose_v man_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o voice_n to_o give_v sensible_a sign_n of_o what_o he_o will_v and_o conceive_v the_o disposition_n of_o these_o organ_n be_v wonderful_a we_o have_v a_o natural_a organ_n of_o which_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la or_o windpipe_n proceed_v from_o the_o lung_n to_o the_o root_n of_o our_o tongue_n be_v the_o passage_n or_o canal_n the_o lung_n be_v like_o bellows_o draw_v in_o the_o air_n by_o their_o dilatation_n and_o expel_v it_o by_o their_o contraction_n the_o part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la next_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n be_v call_v the_o larynx_n and_o be_v encompass_v with_o cartilage_n and_o muscle_n by_o which_o it_o open_v and_o shut_v when_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o larynx_n be_v straight_o the_o air_n be_v violent_o force_v out_o be_v dash_v and_o break_v and_o receive_v a_o motion_n which_o make_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o voice_n but_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o articulate_v this_o voice_n be_v receive_v in_o the_o mouth_n where_o the_o tongue_n modify_v it_o and_o give_v it_o different_a form_n according_a to_o its_o propulsion_n against_o the_o tooth_n or_o the_o palate_n according_a as_o it_o be_v detain_v or_o transmit_v or_o according_a as_o the_o mouth_n be_v more_o or_o less_o open_a this_o facility_n of_o express_v our_o sentiment_n by_o the_o voice_n have_v cause_v mankind_n to_o apply_v themselves_o studious_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o the_o difference_n which_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o several_a motion_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o pronunciation_n and_o they_o have_v distinguish_v every_o particular_a modification_n by_o a_o letter_n these_o letter_n be_v the_o element_n of_o speech_n and_o though_o their_o number_n be_v not_o great_a yet_o they_o be_v sufficient_a for_o all_o the_o word_n not_o only_o of_o the_o present_a but_o of_o all_o the_o past_a and_o future_a language_n in_o the_o world_n the_o conjunction_n of_o two_o or_o more_o letter_n make_v a_o syllable_n one_o or_o more_o syllable_n make_v a_o word_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v speech_n be_v a_o composition_n of_o sound_n of_o the_o voice_n by_o man_n establish_v to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o their_o thought_n and_o have_v the_o power_n to_o awaken_v the_o idea_n to_o which_o they_o have_v annex_v they_o their_o number_n be_v but_o 24_o yet_o be_v they_o capable_a of_o compose_v a_o prodigious_a multitude_n of_o different_a word_n i_o have_v show_v elsewhere_o that_o 24_o several_a letter_n may_v be_v so_o various_o transpose_v as_o to_o make_v 576_o several_a word_n of_o two_o letter_n that_o 24_o time_n as_o many_o word_n may_v be_v form_v of_o three_o several_a letter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 13824_o word_n that_o 24_o time_n as_o many_o more_o may_v be_v make_v of_o four_o several_a letter_n and_o so_o on_o proportionable_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o vast_a variety_n of_o word_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o they_o all_o and_o indeed_o they_o be_v little_o less_o than_o infinite_a and_o here_o it_o be_v of_o importance_n to_o observe_v the_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o soul_n of_o word_n and_o the_o body_n betwixt_o that_o in_o they_o which_o be_v corporeal_a and_o that_o in_o they_o which_o be_v spiritual_a betwixt_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o bird_n and_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o the_o idea_n present_a to_o our_o mind_n when_o it_o command_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o voice_n to_o form_v such_o sound_n as_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o those_o idea_n be_v the_o soul_n of_o our_o word_n the_o sound_v form_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o voice_n which_o though_o

of_o language_n be_v incommodious_a and_o a_o great_a impediment_n to_o society_n and_o trade_n some_o person_n have_v ancient_o propose_v to_o make_v a_o universal_a language_n which_o may_v be_v learn_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o be_v common_a to_o the_o whole_a world_n i_o conceive_v the_o great_a secret_a of_o those_o undertaker_n lay_v in_o make_v that_o language_n to_o consist_v of_o few_o word_n they_o will_v have_v have_v every_o thing_n express_v by_o one_o single_a term_n and_o that_o term_n with_o some_o little_a alteration_n shall_v have_v signify_v all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v reference_n to_o it_o they_o will_v have_v make_v all_o their_o noun_n indeclinable_a denote_v their_o different_a case_n by_o particle_n and_o their_o three_o gender_n by_o three_o termination_n they_o will_v have_v have_v but_o two_o conjugation_n one_o to_o signify_v the_o active_a and_o the_o other_o the_o passive_a nor_o shall_v their_o tense_n have_v have_v different_a termination_n instead_o of_o pronoun_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a grammar_n of_o that_o language_n may_v have_v be_v quick_o and_o easy_o learn_v chap._n iu._n i._o custom_n be_v the_o master_n of_o all_o language_n custom_n be_v the_o master_n and_o sovereign_a arbiter_n of_o all_o language_n no_o man_n can_v dispute_v its_o empire_n as_o be_v establish_v by_o necessity_n and_o confirm_v by_o universal_a consent_n it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o sign_n to_o be_v know_v to_o those_o who_o make_v use_v of_o it_o word_n be_v sign_n of_o those_o idea_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v former_o join_v it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o to_o employ_v they_o only_o for_o the_o signification_n of_o thing_n who_o signification_n be_v know_v before_o by_o the_o person_n to_o who_o we_o speak_v we_o may_v if_o we_o please_v call_v a_o horse_n a_o dog_n and_o a_o dog_n a_o horse_n but_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o first_o be_v fix_v already_o to_o the_o word_n horse_n and_o the_o latter_a to_o the_o word_n dog_n we_o can_v transpose_v they_o nor_o take_v the_o one_o for_o the_o other_o without_o a_o entire_a confusion_n to_o the_o conversation_n of_o mankind_n it_o be_v ridiculous_a fantasticalness_n not_o to_o follow_v those_o modes_n which_o long_o custom_n have_v establish_v and_o it_o be_v little_o less_o than_o stupidity_n when_o we_o speak_v to_o leave_v the_o ordinary_a method_n and_o deliver_v our_o thought_n in_o dark_a obsolete_a term_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o impart_v they_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o in_o respect_n of_o language_n as_o in_o respect_n of_o habit._n some_o people_n push_n on_o the_o modes_n to_o the_o high_a extremity_n other_o with_o as_o much_o eagerness_n and_o vanity_n oppose_v themselves_o against_o they_o some_o people_n affect_v such_o term_n and_o expression_n as_o be_v modern_a or_o new_a other_o dig_v into_o the_o dialect_n of_o their_o great_a grandfather_n will_v not_o speak_v a_o word_n now_o that_o be_v not_o in_o use_n two_o hundred_o year_n since_o both_o of_o they_o be_v too_o blame_v when_o custom_n afford_v not_o term_n proper_a to_o express_v what_o we_o have_v to_o say_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o use_v such_o word_n as_o be_v almost_o antiquate_v and_o lose_v nay_o a_o man_n be_v excusable_a if_o to_o make_v himself_o understand_v he_o coin_v a_o new_a word_n in_o that_o case_n we_o may_v blame_v the_o barrenness_n of_o our_o language_n but_o must_v commend_v the_o fecundity_n of_o his_o wit_n that_o be_v able_a to_o supply_v it_o datur_fw-la venia_fw-la verborum_fw-la novitati_fw-la obscuritati_fw-la rerum_fw-la servienti_fw-la with_o this_o proviso_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o word_n be_v a_o la_fw-fr mode_n and_o not_o dress_v up_o in_o a_o sound_n quite_o differ_v from_o the_o usual_a word_n ii_o there_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o bad_a custom_n and_o three_o way_n to_o distinguish_v they_o when_o we_o advance_v custom_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o make_v it_o sovereign_a arbiter_n of_o all_o language_n we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o populace_n there_o be_v a_o good_a and_o there_o be_v a_o bad_a custom_n and_o as_o good_a man_n be_v the_o proper_a example_n to_o those_o who_o desire_v to_o live_v well_o so_o the_o practice_n of_o good_a speaker_n be_v the_o fit_a rule_n for_o those_o who_o will_v speak_v well_o usum_n qui_fw-la sit_fw-la arbiter_n dicendi_fw-la say_v quintil._n vocamus_fw-la consensum_fw-la eruditorum_fw-la sicut_fw-la vivendi_fw-la consensum_fw-la bonorum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o the_o good_a and_o the_o bad_a betwixt_o the_o deprave_a language_n of_o the_o common_a people_n and_o the_o noble_a and_o refine_a expression_n of_o the_o gentry_n who_o condition_n and_o merit_n have_v advance_v they_o above_o the_o other_o and_o to_o make_v this_o distinction_n there_o be_v three_o way_n the_o first_o be_v experience_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v those_o who_o speak_v well_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o expression_n what_o latitude_n they_o give_v to_o their_o word_n what_o it_o be_v that_o they_o affect_v and_o what_o it_o be_v they_o avoid_v if_o we_o can_v arrive_v at_o their_o conversation_n we_o have_v book_n where_o man_n speak_v common_o with_o more_o exactness_n have_v time_n and_o leisure_n to_o correct_v such_o impropriety_n as_o slip_v unavoidable_o in_o discourse_n for_o the_o memory_n be_v full_a of_o ill_a word_n continual_o sound_v by_o the_o common_a people_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v so_o constant_o upon_o our_o guard_n as_o not_o to_o let_v some_o of_o they_o fall_v from_o we_o in_o conversation_n before_o we_o be_v aware_a when_o we_o write_v we_o review_v what_o we_o have_v do_v and_o expunge_v such_o expression_n as_o we_o find_v unapt_a or_o impertinent_a the_o second_o way_n to_o discriminate_a betwixt_o good_a custom_n and_o bad_a be_v reason_n all_o language_n have_v the_o same_o fundamental_o which_o man_n will_v establish_v if_o by_o accident_n like_o that_o we_o have_v pretend_v they_o be_v oblige_v to_o invent_v a_o new_a language_n by_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v give_v of_o these_o fundamental_o we_o may_v make_v ourselves_o master_n and_o judge_n of_o any_o language_n and_o condemn_v the_o law_n of_o custom_n where_o they_o be_v opposite_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o reason_n though_o we_o have_v no_o right_a to_o establish_v new_a word_n we_o have_v liberty_n to_o reject_v such_o as_o be_v bad_a language_n be_v never_o refine_v till_o man_n begin_v to_o canvas_v and_o examine_v they_o till_o such_o expression_n be_v explode_v as_o corrupt_v use_n have_v introduce_v but_o those_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o ordinary_a people_n it_o must_v be_v learned_a and_o sagacious_a man_n and_o man_n that_o have_v exact_a knowledge_n of_o this_o art_n when_o just_a and_o proper_a expression_n be_v use_v a_o language_n may_v be_v say_v to_o refine_v and_o the_o discontinuance_n from_o speak_v ill_n fix_v the_o custom_n of_o speak_v well_o yet_o in_o the_o establishment_n of_o language_n reason_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n prescribe_v but_o very_o few_o law_n the_o rest_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n and_o consent_n of_o men._n in_o speak_v the_o whole_a world_n propose_v but_o one_o end_n but_o because_o we_o may_v arrive_v at_o that_o end_n by_o different_a way_n the_o liberty_n of_o choose_v they_o as_o we_o please_v cause_v difference_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n even_o in_o the_o same_o language_n nevertheless_o notwithstanding_o the_o liberty_n author_n have_v take_v in_o the_o formation_n of_o language_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o certain_a uniformity_n and_o constant_a regularity_n run_v quite_o through_o all_o our_o expression_n man_n do_v common_o adhere_v to_o such_o custom_n as_o they_o have_v former_o embrace_v wherefore_o though_o word_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o 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