be_v a_o libation_n pour_v it_o upon_o their_o head_n which_o do_v they_o be_v forthwith_o expiate_v and_o account_v free_a of_o the_o place_n but_o whereas_o junius_n will_v have_v the_o word_n col_fw-fr to_o be_v only_o corrupt_v from_o columna_fw-la i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o he_o will_v have_v any_o more_o of_o his_o opinion_n but_o of_o this_o place_n as_o also_o of_o all_o this_o northern_a tract_n of_o land_n i_o shall_v have_v a_o more_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o speak_v elsewhere_o africa_n be_v divide_v from_o asia_n according_a to_o dionysius_n and_o mela_n by_o the_o river_n nilus_n and_o a_o meridian_n draw_v through_o it_o to_o the_o aethiopian_a ocean_n but_o ptolemy_n will_v rather_o have_v its_o limet_n on_o this_o part_n to_o be_v the_o arabian_a gulf_n which_o he_o not_o so_o right_o call_v the_o red_a sea_n and_o a_o meridian_n which_o shall_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n over_o that_o neck_n of_o land_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o two_o seâ—…s_n and_o which_o join_v egypt_n to_o the_o continent_n of_o arabia_n and_o judaea_n neither_o do_v he_o think_v it_o congruous_a that_o egypt_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n one_o whereof_o shall_v be_v reckon_v to_o africa_n and_o the_o other_o to_o asia_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o the_o river_n nilus_n be_v set_v for_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o do_v strabo_n conceive_v this_o to_o by_o any_o whit_n improper_a since_o that_o the_o length_n of_o this_o isthmus_n which_o divide_v the_o two_o sea_n be_v not_o above_o 1000_o furlong_n and_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v say_v very_o right_o that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o 10â—…0_n furlong_n for_o however_o posidonius_n reckon_v it_o to_o be_v very_o near_o 1500._o furlong_n yet_o pliny_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 115._o mile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 920._o forlong_n and_o strabo_n also_o reckon_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o pelusium_n and_o the_o hero_n city_n which_o be_v situate_v close_o by_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n to_o be_v but_o 900._o furlong_n but_o if_o we_o will_v give_v any_o credit_n to_o plutarch_n at_o the_o narrow_a â—…art_n of_o the_o isthmus_n the_o two_o sea_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v distant_a not_o above_o 300._o furlong_n and_o that_o when_o anthony_n be_v overthrow_v by_o augustus_n in_o a_o sea_n fight_v and_o all_o his_o force_n cleanâ—…_n break_v cleopatra_n seek_v to_o avoid_v the_o servitude_n of_o the_o roman_n go_v about_o to_o transport_v her_o navy_n this_o way_n over_o the_o firm_a land_n that_o â—…o_o she_o may_v find_v some_o new_a place_n of_o habitation_n as_o far_o remote_a from_o the_o roman_n as_o she_o may_v as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o the_o same_o author_n in_o the_o life_n of_o anthony_n but_o what_o shall_v move_v copernicus_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 3._o cap._n to_o say_v that_o these_o two_o sea_n be_v scarce_o 15._o furlong_n distant_a i_o can_v conjecture_v unless_o i_o shall_v think_v the_o place_n to_o be_v corrupt_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n or_o printer_n and_o yet_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o this_o though_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a one_o be_v all_o the_o error_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o write_n of_o that_o most_o excellent_a man_n this_o isthmus_n as_o eratosthenes_n conceive_v be_v ancient_o cover_v all_o over_o with_o water_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o altantick_a ocean_n have_v intercourse_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o some_o of_o the_o old_a grammarianâ—…_n scolia_v on_o homer_n do_v affirm_v as_o strabo_n testify_v that_o it_o be_v this_o way_n that_o menelans_n in_o homer_n sail_v to_o the_o aethiopian_o i_o will_v therefore_o here_o set_v down_o some_o few_o thing_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o make_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o relation_n whether_o you_o will_v call_v it_o a_o history_n or_o rather_o a_o fable_n or_o conjecture_n of_o eratâ—…sthenes_n first_o therefore_o that_o egypt_n if_o not_o all_o of_o it_o yet_o atlea_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v situate_v beneath_o delta_n and_o be_v call_v egyptus_n inferior_a the_o low_a egypt_n and_o be_v account_v to_o be_v the_o gift_n of_o nilus_n or_o rather_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o aggestion_n and_o gather_v together_o of_o mud_n and_o sand_n be_v the_o conjecture_n of_o herodotus_n long_o before_o strabo_n in_o like_a manner_n that_o the_o island_n pharos_n which_o in_o pliny_n time_n be_v join_v to_o alexandria_n by_o a_o bridge_n as_o himself_o testify_v lib._n 5._o cap._n 31._o and_o therefore_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v call_v a_o peninsula_n by_o strabo_n be_v ancienâ—…ly_o distant_a from_o egypt_n a_o whole_a day_n and_o night_n sail_n be_v reâ—…orted_v both_o by_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n out_o of_o homer_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n as_o strabo_n conjecture_n that_o homer_n whereas_o hâ—…e_n maâ—…es_v often_o mention_v of_o thebes_n in_o egypt_n yet_o speak_v not_o oâ—…e_a word_n of_o memphis_n and_o that_o either_o because_o at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v a_o very_a small_a place_n or_o else_o perhaps_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o in_o be_v the_o land_n be_v in_o homer_n time_n cover_v all_o over_o with_o water_n where_o memphis_n be_v afterward_o build_v and_o this_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o great_a depression_n and_o lowness_n of_o though_o intermediate_v shore_n betwixt_o the_o two_o star_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o when_o sesostris_n fiâ—…st_v have_v a_o intent_n of_o cut_v a_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o two_o sea_n as_o be_v afterward_o intend_v also_o by_o darius_n and_o last_o by_o ptolemy_n they_o be_v all_o force_v for_o this_o reason_n to_o desist_v from_o their_o enterprise_n and_o indeed_o strabo_n report_v that_o himself_o see_v the_o egyptian_a shore_n in_o his_o time_n all_o overflow_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n casius_n beside_o the_o great_a retire_v of_o the_o water_n at_o a_o ebb_n as_o well_o in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n as_o in_o the_o persian_a seem_v somewhat_o to_o confirm_v this_o conjecture_n of_o eratosthenes_n for_o the_o tide_n withdraw_v themselves_o so_o far_o back_o in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n that_o julius_n scaliger_n make_v mention_n of_o some_o caviller_n that_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n go_v about_o to_o derogate_v from_o the_o miracu_fw-la lous_a passage_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o 600._o mile_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o have_v watch_v their_o time_n when_o the_o tide_n give_v way_n and_o that_o when_o it_o return_v again_o the_o egyptian_n be_v overtake_v therewith_o and_o all_o drown_v pont_n this_o sea_n be_v always_o render_v by_o the_o septuagint_n erythraeum_n and_o by_o st._n hâ—…erom_n rubrum_n but_o the_o hebrew_n text_n itself_o undersâ—…ding_v this_o gulf_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v call_v also_o by_o ptolemy_n sinus_n arabicus_n call_v it_o mare_n suph_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v mare_fw-la algosum_fw-la seu_fw-la caricosum_fw-la because_o it_o bring_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o alga_n and_o sea_n weed_n which_o be_v observe_v also_o by_o pliny_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 25._o where_o he_o say_v naseuntur_fw-la &_o in_fw-la maâ—…i_fw-la frutices_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o breed_v shrub_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o our_o sea_n little_a tree_n also_o for_o the_o red_a sea_n and_o all_o the_o eastern_a ocean_n be_v full_a of_o tree_n for_o no_o other_o language_n have_v a_o proper_a word_n to_o express_v that_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o that_o alga_n be_v more_o usual_o take_v for_o the_o name_n of_o a_o herb_n but_o in_o this_o place_n it_o signify_o a_o shrub_n thus_o pliny_n you_o may_v also_o see_v strabo_n lib._n 16._o that_o place_n which_o the_o author_n citâ—…th_v out_o of_o scaligeâ—…_n be_v in_o his_o 35._o exercitation_n against_o cardan_n and_o i_o think_v it_o not_o a_o miss_n to_o hear_v he_o speake_v in_o his_o own_o word_n that_o so_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o his_o judgement_n be_v of_o that_o which_o be_v object_v by_o those_o caviller_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o plaga_fw-la indica_fw-la secnndùm_fw-la gangis_fw-la at_o que_fw-la indâ—…_n fauces_fw-la magnus_fw-la est_fw-la aestus_fw-la etc._n etc._n about_o the_o coast_n of_o india_n say_v he_o where_o the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o high_a tide_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n they_o be_v so_o great_a as_o that_o the_o contemner_n of_o holy_a writer_n have_v impious_o forge_v that_o moses_n when_o he_o lead_v the_o israelite_n out_o of_o egypt_n take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o water_n retire_v after_o the_o tide_n which_o notwithstanding_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v because_o
by_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n oâ—…_n casius_n in_o syria_n from_o who_o top_n the_o sun_n rise_v be_v discover_v about_o the_o four_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n which_o be_v also_o relate_v by_o mela_n of_o that_o other_o casius_n in_o arabia_n but_o that_o all_o these_o relation_n be_v no_o other_o than_o mere_a fable_n be_v acute_o and_o solid_o prove_v by_o petrus_n noninus_fw-la out_o of_o the_o veâ—…y_a principle_n â—…f_a geometry_n as_o for_o that_o which_o eustathius_n write_v that_o hercules_n pillâ—…_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n calpe_n and_o abenna_n be_v celebrate_v by_o dionysius_n perlegetes_n for_o their_o miraculous_a height_n be_v plain_o absurd_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o these_o aâ—…ise_v not_o above_o a_o hundred_o ell_n in_o height_n which_o be_v but_o a_o furlong_n whereas_o the_o pyramid_n of_o egypt_n be_v report_v by_o strabo_n to_o equal_v that_o height_n and_o some_o tree_n in_o india_n be_v find_v to_o exceed_v it_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o relation_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o in_o the_o same_o strabo_n affirm_v that_o there_o grow_v a_o tree_n by_o the_o river_n hyarotis_n that_o cast_v a_o shadow_n at_o noon_n five_o furlong_n long_o those_o fabulous_a narration_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v second_v by_o as_o vain_a report_n of_o our_o modern_a time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o scaliger_n write_v from_o other_o man_n relation_n that_o tenariff_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n island_n rise_v in_o height_n fifteen_o league_n which_o amount_v to_o above_o sixty_o mile_n but_o patricius_n not_o content_a with_o this_o measure_n stretchth_n it_o to_o seventy_o mile_n there_o be_v other_o hill_n in_o like_a manner_n cry_v up_o for_o their_o great_a height_n as_o namely_o the_o mountain_n andi_fw-la in_o peâ—…u_n and_o another_o in_o the_o isle_n pico_n among_o the_o azore_n island_n but_o yet_o both_o these_o fall_v short_a of_o tenariffe_n what_o credit_n the_o relation_n may_v desâ—…rve_v we_o will_v now_o examine_v and_o first_o for_o tenariffe_n it_o be_v report_v by_o many_o writer_n to_o be_v of_o so_o great_a a_o height_n that_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o whole_a world_n afford_v not_o a_o more_o eminent_a place_n nâ—…t_o exâ—…pting_v the_o mountain_n sloâ—…us_n it_o selâ—…_n which_o whether_o ever_o any_o other_o mortal_a man_n have_v see_v beside_o that_o monk_n of_o oxford_n who_o by_o his_o skill_n in_o magic_n convey_v himself_o into_o the_o utmost_a northern_a region_n and_o take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n as_o the_o story_n have_v it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o be_o able_a to_o determine_v yet_o that_o this_o isle_n can_v be_v so_o high_a as_o scaliger_n will_v have_v it_o we_o may_v be_v the_o more_o bold_a to_o believe_v because_o that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v scarce_o ever_o free_a from_o snow_n so_o that_o you_o shall_v have_v they_o cover_v all_o over_o with_o snow_n all_o the_o year_n long_o save_v only_o one_o or_o at_o the_o most_o two_o month_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o spanish_a writer_n now_o that_o any_o sâ—…ow_n be_v generate_v 60_o or_o 70_o mile_n above_o the_o plain_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v more_o than_o they_o will_v ever_o persuade_v we_o see_v that_o the_o high_a vapourâ—…_n never_o rise_v above_o 48_o mile_n above_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o eratosthenes_n his_o measure_n but_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n they_o ascend_v not_o above_o 41_o mile_n notwithstanding_o cardan_n and_o some_o other_o profess_a mathematician_n be_v bold_a to_o raise_v they_o up_o to_o 288_o mile_n but_o with_o no_o smaâ—…_n stain_v of_o their_o name_n have_v they_o mix_v those_o trifle_n with_o their_o other_o write_n solinus_n report_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n reach_v very_o near_o as_o high_a as_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o he_o betray_v his_o own_o error_n in_o that_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n and_o shine_v with_o fire_n in_o the_o night_n not_o unlike_a to_o this_o be_v those_o thiâ—…gs_n which_o be_v report_v of_o the_o some_o mountain_n and_o its_o height_n by_o herodotus_n dionysius_n afer_n and_o his_o scholiast_n eustathius_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v in_o author_n coelorum_fw-la columen_fw-la the_o pillar_n that_o bear_v up_o the_o heaven_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v these_o vain_a prodigious_a relation_n let_v we_o come_v to_o those_o thing_n that_o seem_v to_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o truth_n eratosthenes_n find_v by_o dioptricall_a instrument_n and_o measure_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o place_n of_o his_o observation_n that_o a_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n down_o to_o the_o low_a bottom_n or_o valley_n do_v not_o exceed_v ten_o furlong_n cleomedes_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n find_v to_o be_v above_o fifteen_o furlongâ—…_n in_o height_n and_o so_o high_a as_o this_o be_v that_o vast_a steep_a rock_n in_o bactriana_n which_o be_v call_v sisimitrae_fw-la petra_n mention_v by_o strabo_n in_o the_o 11_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n the_o top_n of_o the_o thessalian_a mountatn_n be_v raiscd_v to_o a_o great_a height_n by_o solinus_n then_o ever_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o hill_n to_o reach_v yet_o if_o we_o may_v belieu_v pliny_n dicaearchus_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o king_n command_n in_o the_o same_o business_n find_v that_o the_o height_n of_o pelion_n which_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o exceed_v not_o 1250_o pase_n which_o be_v but_o ten_o furlong_n but_o to_o proceed_v yet_o a_o little_a further_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v too_o spare_v herein_o and_o to_o restrain_v they_o within_o narrow_a limit_n than_o we_o ought_v we_o will_v add_v to_o the_o height_n of_o hill_n the_o depth_n also_o of_o the_o sea_n of_o which_o the_o illustrious_a julius_n scaliger_n in_o his_o 38._o exercitation_n against_o cardan_n write_v thus_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o be_v not_o very_o great_a for_o it_o seldom_o exceed_v 80_o paseâ—…_n in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v not_o 20_o pase_n and_o in_o many_o place_n not_o above_o six_o in_o few_o place_n it_o reach_v 100_o pase_n and_o very_a seldâ—…me_n or_o never_o exceed_v this_o number_n but_o because_o that_o fall_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o truth_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o the_o daily_a experience_n of_o those_o that_o pass_v the_o seâ—…s_n let_v we_o make_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n equal_a to_o the_o height_n of_o mountain_n so_o that_o suppose_v the_o depth_n thereof_o to_o be_v ten_o furlong_n which_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o saâ—…dinian_a sea_n in_o the_o deep_a place_n as_o posidonius_n in_o strabo_n affirm_v or_o if_o you_o please_v let_v it_o be_v fifteen_o furlong_n as_o cleomedes_n and_o fabianus_n cite_v by_o pliny_n lib._n 2._o c._n 102._o will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o georg._n valla_n in_o his_o interpretation_n of_o cleomedes_n deal_v not_o fair_o with_o his_o author_n where_o he_o make_v he_o assign_v thirty_o furlong_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o sea_n depth_n these_o ground_n be_v thus_o lay_v let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o proportion_n the_o height_n of_o hill_n may_v bear_v to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n that_o so_o we_o may_v hence_o gather_v that_o the_o extubcrancy_n of_o hill_n be_v able_a to_o detract_v little_a or_o nothing_o from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o this_o excrescency_n will_v be_v but_o like_o a_o little_a knob_v or_o dust_n upon_o a_o ball_n as_o cleomedes_n say_v for_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v 180000_o furlong_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n account_n neither_o do_v ever_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_n assign_v a_o less_o measure_n than_o this_o as_o strabo_n witness_v the_o diameter_n thereof_o will_v be_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o a_o circle_n and_o its_o diameter_n find_v out_o by_o archimedes_n above_o 57272._o furlâ—…ng_n if_o then_o we_o grant_v the_o high_a hill_n to_o be_v ten_o furlong_n high_a according_a to_o eratosthenes_n and_o dicaearchus_n they_o will_v bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n â—…hat_o be_v betwixt_o one_o and_o 5727._o peucerus_n mistake_v himself_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o ten_o furlong_n be_v as_o 18000._o to_o one_o for_o this_o be_v the_o proportien_n it_o bear_v to_o the_o whole_a circumference_n and_o not_o the_o diameter_n or_o suppose_v the_o top_n of_o the_o â—…ighest_a hill_n to_o ascend_v to_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o â—…ifteene_a furlong_n as_o cleomedes_n will_v have_v it_o â—…he_o proportion_n then_o will_v be_v of_o one_o to_o 3818._o or_o if_o â—…ouplease_v let_v it_o be_v thirty_o furlong_n of_o which_o â—…height_n be_v
up_o their_o opinion_n in_o writing_n and_o arbitrator_n forthwith_o have_v be_v call_v about_o it_o oâ—…_n which_o number_n it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o be_v choose_v fâ—…_n one_o there_o be_v indeed_o among_o they_o many_o excellent_a both_o mathematician_n and_o 〈◊〉_d but_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o mathematics_n be_v altogether_o unexperienced_a in_o nautical_a affair_n anâ—…_n the_o navigator_n be_v as_o ignorant_a of_o astronomâ—…call_n beside_o these_o author_n of_o who_o we_o be_v 〈◊〉_d pass_v our_o judgement_n perform_v nothing_o worth_a 〈◊〉_d great_a expectation_n neither_o have_v that_o englishman_n who_o write_v a_o book_n three_o year_n since_o of_o the_o magnet_n produce_v anything_o answerable_a to_o thâ—…_n great_a opinion_n be_v raise_v of_o it_o i_o myself_o hauâ—…_n often_o propose_v to_o these_o mathematician_n that_o profess_v in_o this_o place_n a_o thing_n which_o it_o seem_v can_v never_o sink_v into_o their_o head_n insomuch_o that_o they_o entertain_v it_o with_o scorn_n and_o laughter_n hipparchus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v in_o that_o merry_a conceit_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n move_a towards_o thâ—…_n east_n and_o so_o persuade_v ptolemy_n that_o the_o fixâ—…d_a star_n in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n move_v all_o in_o the_o same_o order_n situation_n and_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o towards_o the_o east_n which_o ptolemy_n so_o confirm_v that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o heinous_a matter_n for_o posterity_n to_o have_v doubt_v of_o the_o same_o and_o first_o of_o all_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n nicolaus_n copernicus_n that_o great_a restorer_n of_o astronomy_n perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o conceit_n of_o hipparchus_n and_o withal_o observe_v that_o the_o eight_o sphere_n do_v not_o move_v towards_o the_o east_n but_o that_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n go_v forward_o inâ—…o_o the_o precedent_a sign_n and_o this_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o this_o observation_n of_o he_o he_o only_o naked_o propose_v without_o any_o demonstration_n at_o all_o but_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o star_n have_v not_o as_o hipparchus_n and_o ptolemy_n dream_n go_v on_o to_o the_o subsequent_a part_n and_o that_o the_o cynosure_n or_o polar_a star_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distanoe_n from_o pole_n in_o eudoxus_n his_o time_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o assertion_n i_o have_v collect_v many_o instance_n which_o be_v grant_v the_o procession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n must_v necessary_o follow_v for_o one_o of_o these_o two_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o wit_n either_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n towards_o the_o east_n or_o else_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n into_o the_o precedent_a sign_n now_o that_o the_o first_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v appear_v manifest_o because_o that_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v not_o 〈◊〉_d all_o â—…hanged_v their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o polâ—…_n since_o eudoxus_n his_o time_n therefore_o the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n therefore_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o antâ—…cedent_a sign_n which_o proposition_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a copernicus_n have_v no_o way_n to_o demonstrate_v 〈◊〉_d out_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n by_o which_o that_o other_o motion_n may_v as_o well_o be_v defend_v as_o â—…his_n we_o therefore_o now_o have_v this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o what_o be_v it_o even_o nothing_o else_o bâ—…_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n into_o the_o precedent_a sign_n now_o if_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n beâ—…_n movable_a and_o the_o equinoctial_a câ—…cle_n bâ—…e_v deâ—…cribed_v by_o these_o point_n the_o equinoctial_a circle_n â—…hen_o must_v needs_o be_v movable_a also_o which_o be_v as_o true_a as_o truth_n itself_o and_o if_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v movable_a his_o pole_n must_v be_v movable_a also_o and_o so_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a must_v be_v divers_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v immovable_a but_o this_o movable_a beside_o all_o the_o meridian_n circle_n do_v pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o stone_n diall_n the_o meridian_n line_n which_o be_v draw_v for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n dial_n be_v understand_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o man_n and_o be_v most_o true_a but_o because_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v movable_a the_o meridian_n line_n that_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o must_v be_v movable_a also_o and_o therefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o after_o some_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n there_o will_v be_v no_o further_o use_v of_o these_o meridian_n line_n in_o the_o design_v of_o the_o hour_n in_o diall_n but_o a_o new_a meridian_n line_n must_v be_v take_v and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o dial_n alter_v though_o not_o the_o dial_n itself_o we_o may_v therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o sun_n diall_n after_o some_o certain_a time_n will_v prove_v false_a unless_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v rectify_v this_o be_v demonstrate_v of_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o the_o mathematitck_n but_o beside_o this_o we_o have_v some_o notable_a instance_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_n which_o do_v manefest_o evince_v that_o after_o some_o term_n of_o year_n sun_n diall_n do_v not_o agree_v to_o their_o first_o designation_n all_o which_o i_o have_v diligent_o collect_v these_o thing_n thus_o demonstrate_v i_o propose_v they_o to_o these_o mathematician_n that_o because_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n have_v dependence_n upon_o these_o meridian_n they_o will_v consider_v whether_o or_o no_o this_o doctrine_n by_o i_o first_o propose_v may_v open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o scaliger_n let_v we_o now_o hear_v tycho_n inaequalitatis_fw-la inquit_fw-la circa_fw-la motum_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o the_o reason_n say_v he_o of_o the_o inaequality_n observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n or_o as_o copernicus_n call_v it_o the_o anticipation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n which_o be_v a_o very_a subtle_a and_o ingenious_a speculation_n of_o his_o own_o that_o so_o he_o may_v reconcile_v and_o maintain_v the_o invention_n of_o all_o that_o go_v before_o he_o that_o this_o conceit_n i_o say_v do_v not_o constare_fw-la sibi_fw-la these_o 70._o year_n observation_n of_o the_o star_n call_v spica_fw-la virgin_n since_o his_o first_o observe_v the_o same_o do_v manifest_o prove_v for_o in_o this_o space_n of_o time_n the_o reciprocation_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o promotion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v swift_a by_o much_o than_o he_o conceive_v it_o will_v have_v be_v so_o that_o whereas_o now_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v finish_v but_o one_o degree_n in_o a_o hundred_o year_n space_n or_o thereabouts_o they_o finish_v the_o same_o in_o 70._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n be_v not_o so_o slow_a as_o he_o imagine_v it_o to_o be_v as_o appear_v plain_o by_o that_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o these_o two_o thing_n do_v mutual_o cohere_v together_o in_o copernicus_n that_o when_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n be_v great_a the_o motion_n of_o though_o fix_a star_n shall_v then_o be_v slow_a but_o these_o thing_n the_o accurate_a observatâ—…_n once_o of_o these_o present_a year_n do_v manifest_o elude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o do_v not_o answer_v his_o periodicall_a restitution_n thus_o these_o two_o great_a light_n of_o our_o time_n tycho_n and_o scaliger_n to_o who_o we_o may_v add_v the_o opinion_n of_o our_o countryman_n dr._n gilbert_n who_o in_o his_o 6_o book_n de_fw-fr magnete_n will_v have_v the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n to_o depend_v upon_o the_o magnetical_a motâ—…n_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o be_v that_o englishman_n as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v who_o scaliger_n mention_n in_o his_o forecited_n epistle_n unto_o who_o i_o refer_v you_o for_o satisfaction_n in_o this_o point_n in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 8._o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o meton_n the_o athenian_a be_v in_o the_o very_a vernal_a intersection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thales_n milesius_n be_v two_o degree_n before_o the_o intersection_n the_o same_o in_o timochares_n his_o time_n be_v behind_o it_o two_o degree_n 24._o minute_n in_o hipparchus_n time_n 4._o degree_n 40._o minute_n in_o albumasars_n time_n 17._o dâ—…grees_n 50._o minute_n in_o albarenius_fw-la his_o time_n 18._o degree_n 10_o minute_n in_o arzachels_n time_n 19_o degree_n 37._o minute_n in_o alphonsus_n his_o time_n 23._o degreeâ—…_n 48._o minute_n in_o copernicus_n and_o rhoeticus_fw-la his_o time_n 27._o degree_n 21._o minute_n whence_o franciscus_n baroccius_n be_v convince_v of_o
manifest_a error_n in_o that_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n naâ—…ivity_n be_v in_o the_o very_a vernal_a intersection_n especial_o contend_v to_o prove_v it_o as_o he_o do_v out_o of_o ptolemy_n observation_n out_o of_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v behind_o it_o no_o less_o than_o 5._o degree_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o place_n of_o the_o solstice_n be_v also_o change_v as_o be_v always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n this_o mâ—…tion_n be_v finish_v upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o be_v agree_v upon_o both_o by_o hipparchus_n and_o ptolemy_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o have_v come_v after_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reaso_n that_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o latitude_n though_o they_o have_v change_v their_o declination_n for_o confirmation_n whereof_o many_o testimony_n may_v be_v bring_v out_o of_o ptolemy_n lib_n 7._o cap._n 3_o almag_n i_o will_v only_o all_o dg_n one_o more_z not_o able_a than_o the_o râ—…st_n out_o of_o petolomies_n georgr_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 7._o the_o star_n which_o we_o call_v the_o polar_a star_n and_o be_v the_o last_o in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bear_n be_v certain_o know_v in_o our_o time_n to_o be_v scarce_o three_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o very_a star_n in_o hipparchus_n his_o time_n be_v above_o 12._o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n as_o merinus_n in_o ptolemy_n affirm_v i_o will_v produce_v the_o whole_a passage_n which_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n say_v he_o the_o whole_a zodiac_n pass_v over_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o shadow_n be_v cast_v both_o way_n and_o all_o starrr_n there_o be_v see_v to_o rise_v and_o set_v only_o the_o little_a bear_n begin_v to_o appear_v above_o the_o horixon_n in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v 5_o 0_o furlong_n northward_o from_o ocele_n for_o the_o parallel_n that_o pass_v through_o ocele_n 〈◊〉_d distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 11._o gra_fw-mi â…–_n and_o hipparchus_n affirm_v that_o the_o star_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n tail_n which_o be_v the_o most_o southward_o of_o that_o constellation_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n 12._o degree_n â…–_n this_o excellent_a testimony_n of_o he_o the_o interpreter_n have_v in_o their_o translate_n the_o place_n most_o strange_o corrupt_v aâ—…_n both_o johannes_n wernerus_n and_o after_o he_o peter_n nonius_n have_v observe_v set_v down_o in_o stead_n of_o 500_o quinque_fw-la mille_fw-la 5000_o and_o for_o australissimam_fw-la the_o most_o southern_a borealissimam_fw-la the_o most_o northerly_a be_v lead_v into_o this_o error_n perhaps_o because_o that_o this_o star_n be_v indeed_o in_o our_o time_n the_o most_o northern_a but_o if_o these_o testimony_n of_o marinus_n and_o ptolemy_n in_o this_o point_n be_v substract_v strabo_n in_o his_o lib._n 2._o geogr._n shall_v acquit_v they_o of_o this_o crime_n and_o he_o write_v thus_o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o hipparchus_n say_v he_o that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v under_o the_o parallel_n that_o run_v through_o the_o country_n call_v cinnamomifera_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o meroe_n southward_o 3000._o furlong_n and_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a 8800._o be_v situate_v almost_o in_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o summer_n tropic_n which_o pass_v through_o syene_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o meroe_n 5000._o furlong_n and_o these_o that_o dwell_v here_o be_v the_o first_o that_o have_v the_o constellation_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n enclose_v within_o their_o arctic_a circle_n so_o that_o it_o never_o set_v with_o they_o for_o the_o bright_a star_n that_o be_v see_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v also_o the_o most_o southward_o of_o all_o be_v so_o place_v in_o the_o very_a cirele_n itself_o that_o it_o do_v touch_v the_o horizon_n this_o be_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n which_o be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o ptolemy_n and_o merinus_n affirm_v save_v that_o both_o in_o this_o place_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o always_o assign_v 700._o furlong_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o heaven_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o eratosthenes_n whereas_o both_o marinus_n and_o ptolemy_n allow_v but_o 500_o only_a os_fw-la which_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o lesser_a circle_n which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o globe_n and_o these_o be_v all_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la as_o first_o of_o all_o the_o tropicke_n which_o be_v circle_n draw_v through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o which_o that_o which_o look_v towards_o the_o north_n tropic_a pole_n be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o other_o border_v on_o the_o south_n the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n for_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o yearly_a motion_n through_o the_o ecliptic_a arrive_v at_o these_o point_n as_o his_o utmost_a bound_n râ—…turneth_v again_o towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o retrocession_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o parallel_n circle_n draw_v through_o the_o same_o point_n be_v likewise_o call_v tropicke_n pont_n the_o use_n of_o those_o tropicke_n be_v first_o to_o show_v when_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n be_v near_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o any_o place_n and_o so_o likewise_o when_o the_o far_a off_o second_o they_o show_v when_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v the_o long_a or_o short_a day_n in_o the_o year_n three_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n wherein_o the_o sun_n finish_v his_o yearly_a course_n four_o they_o distinguish_v the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o the_o heaven_n from_o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v diverse_o alter_v as_o it_o may_v plain_o appear_v by_o compare_v the_o observation_n of_o late_a time_n with_o those_o of_o the_o ancient_n for_o not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o strabo_n proclus_n and_o leontius_n mechanicus_fw-la who_o all_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o either_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o be_v 24._o degreeâ—…_n for_o these_o seem_v to_o have_v handle_v the_o matterbut_n careless_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o same_o from_o the_o more_o accurate_a observation_n of_o the_o great_a artist_n for_o ptolemy_n find_v the_o distance_n of_o either_o tropic_n to_o be_v 23._o gr_n 51._o min._n and_o â…“_n just_a as_o great_a aâ—…_n eratosthenes_n and_o hipparchus_n have_v find_v it_o before_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v immutable_a machomethes_n aratensis_fw-la observe_v this_o distan_n to_o be_v 23._o degree_n 35._o minute_n right_o as_o almamon_n king_n of_o arabia_n have_v do_v before_o he_o arzâ—…l_v the_o spaniard_n find_v it_o to_o be_v in_o his_o time_n 23._o degee_n 34._o minute_n almehon_n the_o son_n of_o albumasar_n 23_o degree_n 33._o minute_n and_o half_o a_o minute_n prophatius_fw-la a_o jew_n 23._o degree_n 32._o minute_n purbachius_n and_o regiomontanus_n 25._o degree_n 28._o minute_n johan_n wernerus_n 23_o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n and_o a_o half_a and_o copernicus_n find_v it_o in_o his_o time_n to_o be_v just_a as_o much_o pont_n this_o distance_n of_o the_o tropicke_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n as_o the_o astronomer_n call_v it_o which_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v at_o divers_a time_n find_v to_o be_v variable_a for_o begin_n as_o sar_n backward_o as_o possible_o we_o can_v and_o so_o drive_v it_o down_o by_o the_o olympiad_n and_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n even_o to_o these_o present_a time_n according_a to_o tychoes_n calculation_n we_o find_v it_o to_o be_v thus_o both_o in_o the_o degree_n and_o minute_n as_o be_v here_o express_v in_o this_o ensue_a table_n  _fw-fr gr_fw-fr m._n 11._o  _fw-fr aratus_n 24._o 0._o 0._o olympiad_n hipparchus_n 23._o 51½_n 124._o eratosthenes_n  _fw-fr 127._o ptolomaeus_n 23._o 51._o 20_o a_o christi_fw-la 140._o albategnius_n 23._o 35._o 0._o 749._o arzahel_n 23._o 34._o 0._o 1070._o almeon_n 23._o 33_o ½_o 1140._o prophatius_fw-la judaeus_n 23._o 32._o 0._o 1300._o purbachius_n 23._o 29._o 30._o 1458._o regiomontanus_n 23._o 30._o 0._o 1490._o copernicus_n 23._o 38_o 30._o 1500._o tycho_n brahe_n 23._o 31._o ½_o 1592._o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v these_o word_n out_o of_o tychoe_n 1._o book_n of_o new_a star_n which_o appear_v an._n 1572._o p._n 101._o where_o he_o say_v that_o by_o certain_a observation_n it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o both_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n as_o also_o the_o other_o intermediat_a by_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v alter_v as_o it_o be_v testify_v by_o the_o whole_a current_n of_o the_o most_o skilful_a artist_n
a_o certain_a rock_n in_o sogdiana_n speak_v â—…f_o by_o strabo_n in_o the_o eleven_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n notwithstanding_o cleomedes_n be_v of_o oâ—…inion_n that_o a_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a hill_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o deeâ—…est_a sea_n exceed_v not_o this_o measure_n the_o proportion_n will_v be_v no_o great_a then_o of_o one_o to_o 1908._o or_o let_v we_o extend_v it_o yet_o far_o if_o you_o will_v to_o four_o mile_n or_o thirty-two_a furlong_n of_o which_o â—…eight_n the_o mountain_n casius_n in_o syria_n be_v reporâ—…ed_v by_o pliny_n to_o be_v the_o proportion_n will_v yet_o be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o of_o one_o to_o 1789._o i_o be_o therefore_o so_o far_o from_o give_v any_o credit_n to_o patricius_n his_o relation_n of_o tenariffe_n be_v seventyâ—…wo_a mile_n high_a unless_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o maâ—…y_o oblique_a and_o crooked_a turn_n and_o wind_n â—…n_o which_o manner_n pliny_n measure_v the_o height_n of_o â—…he_n alps_n also_o to_o be_v fifteen_o mile_n as_o that_o i_o â—…annot_v assent_v to_o alhazen_a a_o arabian_a who_o will_v have_v the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a hill_n to_o reach_v â—…o_o eight_o arabian_a mile_n or_o eighty_o furlong_n as_o i_o think_v neither_o yet_o to_o pliny_n who_o in_o his_o quarto_fw-la lib._n cap._n 11._o affirm_v the_o mountain_n haemus_n to_o be_v six_o mile_n in_o height_n and_o i_o can_v scarce_o yield_v to_o the_o samc_n pliny_n when_o as_o he_o speak_v of_o other_o hill_n four_o mile_n in_o height_n and_o whosoever_o shall_v affirm_v any_o hill_n to_o be_v high_a than_o this_o though_o it_o be_v mercury_n himself_o i_o will_v bard_o believe_v he_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o height_n oâ—…_n hill_n which_o sâ—…emed_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n patricius_n proceed_v and_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n also_o be_v not_o round_o or_o spherical_a and_o he_o bâ—…rroweth_v his_o argument_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o that_o convey_v or_o level_v water_n who_o find_v by_o their_o dioptricall_a instrument_n that_o waterâ—…_n bave_v all_o a_o equal_a and_o plain_a superficies_n except_o thâ—…y_v be_v trouble_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n eratosthenes_n in_o strabo_n affirm_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o some_o place_n high_o than_o it_o be_v in_o other_o and_o he_o also_o produce_v as_o assertor_n of_o his_o ignorance_n those_o water-levellers_a who_o be_v employ_v by_o demetrius_n abâ—…ut_o the_o ent_v away_o of_o the_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o peloponesus_fw-la and_o greece_n return_v he_o answer_v that_o they_o find_v by_o their_o inâ—…ruments_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o seâ—…_n which_o be_v on_o corinth_n side_n be_v high_a than_o it_o be_v at_o cenchraee_n the_o like_a be_v also_o story_a of_o sesostris_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n who_o go_v about_o to_o make_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a into_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n be_v say_v to_o have_v desist_v from_o his_o purpose_n because_o he_o find_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n be_v high_a than_o be_v the_o mediterranean_a as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n the_o like_a be_v also_o say_v in_o the_o same_o place_n by_o the_o same_o author_n to_o have_v happen_v afterward_o to_o darius_n now_o whether_o tbe_n architect_n or_o water-levellers_a employ_v by_o demetrius_n sosostris_n and_o darius_n deserve_v more_o creâ—…it_n than_o those_o who_o patricius_n name_v i_o shall_v noâ—…â—…uch_o trouble_v myself_o to_o examine_v yet_o strabo_n inâ—…igheth_v against_o eratosthenes_n for_o attribute_v any_o â—…ch_a eminency_n and_o depression_n to_o the_o superficies_n 〈◊〉_d the_o sea_n and_o archimedes_n his_o doctrine_n be_v â—…at_v every_o humid_a body_n stand_v still_o and_o withâ—…t_a disturbance_n 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surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v plain_a for_o 〈◊〉_d any_o star_n be_v observe_v that_o be_v in_o the_o vertical_a â—…int_n of_o any_o place_n which_o way_n soever_o you_o traâ—…ell_v from_o that_o place_n the_o same_o star_n will_v seem_v 〈◊〉_d be_v depress_v and_o abate_v something_o of_o its_o eleâ—…ation_n though_o it_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a superficies_n â—…ut_o there_o be_v something_o more_o in_o it_o then_o patriâ—…ius_n take_v notice_n of_o for_o if_o we_o goâ—…_n a_o equal_a measure_n of_o mile_n either_o towards_o the_o north_n or_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o elevation_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o star_n will_v always_o be_v find_v to_o be_v equal_a which_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v so_o in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n be_v more_o than_o he_o will_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v if_o we_o take_v any_o star_n situate_a near_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o same_o when_o yoâ—…_n have_v remove_v thence_o 60._o english_a mile_n will_v be_v elevate_v about_o a_o degree_n high_o above_o the_o horizon_n whether_o the_o star_n be_v direct_o over_o your_o head_n or_o whether_o you_o depart_v thence_o that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v depress_v from_o your_o zenith_n for_o 30._o or_o 50._o or_o any_o other_o number_n of_o degree_n which_o that_o it_o can_v thus_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a superficies_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v this_o one_o thing_n may_v have_v persuade_v patricius_n be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o spanish_a navigation_n as_o his_o write_n sufficient_o testify_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o plain_a because_o that_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o victory_n wherein_o ferdinand_n magellane_n lose_v from_o spain_n and_o direct_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o south-west_n part_n pass_v through_o the_o straits_n call_v since_o by_o his_o name_n and_o so_o touch_v upon_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n have_v compass_v the_o whole_a world_n about_o return_v again_o into_o spain_n and_o here_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o maintain_v the_o famous_a voyage_n of_o our_o own_o countryman_n sir_n francis_n drake_n and_o master_n thomas_n candish_n not_o so_o well_o know_v perhaps_o abroad_o which_o yet_o convince_v patricius_n and_o the_o same_o error_n aâ—…d_v thus_o have_v we_o light_o touch_v the_o chief_a foundation_n that_o his_o cause_n be_v build_v upon_o but_o as_o for_o â—…ose_v ill_o understand_v experiment_n which_o he_o bring_v 〈◊〉_d the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o i_o shall_v let_v they_o â—…sse_v for_o that_o they_o seem_v rather_o to_o subvert_v his_o opiâ—…n_n then_o confirm_v it_o thus_o have_v prove_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n 〈◊〉_d be_v of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n see_v that_o the_o eâ—…inency_n of_o the_o high_a hill_n have_v scarce_o the_o â—…e_a proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o â—…rth_n that_o there_o be_v betwixt_o 1._o and_o 1000_o â—…hich_v how_o small_a it_o be_v any_o one_o may_v easy_o perâ—…ive_v i_o hold_v it_o very_o superfluous_a to_o go_v about_o to_o â—…ove_v that_o a_o globe_n be_v of_o a_o figure_n most_o proper_a and_o â—…t_a to_o express_v and_o represent_v the_o fashion_n of_o the_o heaâ—…ns_n and_o earth_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n â—…siest_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o also_o very_o beautiful_a 〈◊〉_d behold_v now_o in_o material_a globe_n beside_o the_o true_a â—…d_n exact_a description_n of_o place_n which_o indeed_o be_v â—…e_o chief_a matter_n to_o be_v consider_v there_o be_v â—…o_o thing_n especial_o require_v the_o first_o whereâ—…_n be_v the_o magnitude_n and_o capacity_n of_o they_o that_o 〈◊〉_d there_o may_v be_v convenient_a space_n for_o the_o deâ—…ription_n of_o each_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n the_o â—…cond_n be_v the_o lightness_n of_o they_o that_o so_o their_o â—…ight_n be_v not_o cumbersome_a strabo_n in_o his_o eleven_o â—…ok_v will_v have_v a_o globe_n to_o have_v ten_o
for_o whereas_o in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 22._o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o mâ—…gnitude_n of_o the_o isle_n taprobane_n which_o be_v now_o think_v to_o be_v sumatra_n and_o lie_v direct_o under_o the_o line_n out_o of_o eratosthenes_n and_o megasthenes_n he_o present_o add_v that_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o roman_n have_v better_a knowledge_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emâ—…eror_n claudiuâ—…_n there_o be_v ambassador_n send_v from_o thence_o to_o rome_n who_o among_o other_o thing_n shall_v relate_v that_o with_o they_o gold_n &_o silver_n be_v in_o high_a account_n and_o that_o they_o have_v great_a wealth_n than_o the_o roman_n themselves_o but_o yet_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v great_a use_n of_o riches_n than_o they_o which_o word_n of_o pliny_n with_o many_o other_o there_o at_o large_a set_v down_o by_o he_o if_o they_o be_v but_o compare_v with_o what_o himself_o elsewhere_o write_v in_o his_o 2_o book_z chap._n 68_o he_o will_v be_v find_v manifest_o to_o contradict_v himself_o for_o dispute_v in_o this_o place_n and_o inquire_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v inhabit_v tres_n say_v he_o terrae_fw-la part_n abstulisse_fw-la nobis_fw-la coelum_fw-la etc._n etc._n three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o heaveus_fw-la have_v rob_v we_o of_o to_o wit_n the_o torrid_a or_o middle_a zone_n â—…bat_n be_v whatsoever_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropique_n and_o the_o two_o outmost_a or_o frigid_a zone_n that_o be_v to_o say_v whatever_o ground_n lie_v betwixt_o either_o pole_n and_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a circle_n according_a to_o that_o which_o the_o poet_n sing_v of_o old_a quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habita_fw-la bilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n tegit_fw-la alta_fw-la duos_fw-la in_o english_a thus_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o be_v not_o inhabit_v through_o heat_n and_o two_o with_o snow_n be_v cover_v for_o this_o be_v that_o which_o pliny_n mean_v that_o those_o two_o outwardmost_a be_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o extremity_n of_o â—…old_n nor_o the_o other_o through_o too_o violent_a heat_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o in_o so_o great_a a_o author_n who_o not_o withstand_v indifferent_o take_v up_o aswell_o the_o common_a popular_a fable_n as_o the_o extravagant_a fixion_n of_o the_o poet_n also_o be_v that_o which_o he_o very_o confident_o relate_v out_o of_o corlius_fw-la nepos_n how_o that_o one_o eudoxus_n take_v ship_n in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o gades_n two_o isle_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n which_o voyage_n if_o we_o shall_v but_o thorough_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o much_o 〈◊〉_d that_o all_o the_o fortugal_n and_o our_o countryman_n at_o this_o day_n perform_v in_o their_o sea_n voyage_n to_o the_o east_n indâ—…_n when_o as_o touch_v upon_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n they_o twice_o cross_v the_o line_n and_o pass_v through_o the_o whole_a torrid_a zone_n not_o to_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o which_o he_o write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n twenty_o three_o chapter_n namely_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o year_n that_o india_n do_v not_o suck_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o the_o least_o 500000._o sesterce_n by_o send_v in_o such_o commodity_n as_o they_o sell_v to_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o hundred_o time_n as_o much_o as_o they_o be_v worth_a in_o india_n and_o that_o there_o be_v yearly_a traffic_n by_o ship_n through_o the_o red_a sea_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v sane_a for_o their_o safe_a passage_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o pirate_n by_o go_v provide_v with_o band_n of_o archer_n and_o here_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o pliny_n defence_n be_v thaâ—…those_n thing_n which_o he_o relate_v in_o this_o second_o book_n be_v write_v by_o he_o long_o before_o the_o rest_n which_o followeh_n and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n these_o indian_a voyage_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_o undertake_v or_o the_o passage_n so_o well_o know_v unto_o the_o roman_n especial_o for_o that_o in_o the_o book_n follow_v as_o namely_o the_o six_o book_n 17._o and_o 23._o chapter_n he_o say_v that_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o the_o voyage_n from_o egypt_n into_o india_n begin_v but_o than_o first_o to_o be_v discover_v when_o as_o he_o be_v write_v the_o same_o and_o that_o seneca_n have_v not_o long_o before_o begin_v a_o description_n of_o india_n reckon_v up_o therein_o 60._o great_a river_n and_o 122._o nation_n to_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o same_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o habitablenesse_n and_o fortility_n of_o the_o part_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n iâ—…_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o they_o but_o 12._o hour_n so_o that_o the_o night_n be_v always_o as_o long_o as_o the_o day_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o one_o do_v very_o much_o attemperate_a the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o both_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o his_o course_n through_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la never_o set_v in_o six_o month_n space_n so_o those_o that_o live_v under_o 84_o degree_n of_o latitude_n so_o that_o by_o his_o continual_a preseneâ—…_n the_o extreme_a rigidity_n of_o the_o clime_n iâ—…_n mitigate_v and_o the_o cold_a by_o this_o mean_n dispel_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o amphiseij_fw-la hereroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o zone_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o noonshadowe_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o kind_n amphisâ—…ij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la and_o periscij_fw-la those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropiquâ—…s_n be_v call_v amphiscij_fw-la because_o that_o their_o noon_n shadow_n be_v diverse_o cast_v sometime_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o northward_o than_o their_o vertical_a point_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n decline_v southwaâ—…_n from_o their_o zenith_n those_o that_o live_v betwixt_o the_o tropique_n and_o aâ—…ct_n que_fw-fr circle_n be_v call_v heteroscij_fw-la because_o the_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v only_o one_o way_n and_o that_o â—…ither_o north_n or_o south_n for_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v far_a north_n than_o our_o summer_n tropic_n nor_o more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n so_o that_o those_o that_o inhabit_v northward_o of_o the_o summer_n tropic_n have_v their_o shadow_n cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n as_o in_o like_a manner_n those_o that_o dwell_v more_o southward_o than_o the_o winter_n tropic_n have_v their_o noon-shadow_n cast_v always_o coward_n the_o south_n those_o that_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o arctique_a or_o antarctique_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v call_v periscij_fw-la because_o that_o the_o gnomon_n do_v cast_v their_o shadow_n circular_o and_o the_o reason_n hereos_fw-la it_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v carry_v round_o about_o above_o their_o horizon_n in_o his_o whole_a diurnal_a revolution_n pont_n the_o heterosciall_a zone_n be_v therefore_o two_o fold_v either_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o northern_a be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o artik_a circle_n and_o â—…s_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septentrionalis_n because_o that_o in_o it_o the_o sun_n beam_n at_o noon_n be_v always_o cast_v to_o that_o part_n only_o that_o byoth_v towards_o the_o â—…ole_a arctic_n the_o southern_a hetorosciall_a zone_n contain_v all_o that_o space_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o uâ—…e_v antarctique_a circle_n and_o it_o be_v callâ—…d_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d meridonalis_fw-la because_o the_o noon_n shadow_n be_v projeâ—…ed_v towards_o the_o south_n pole_n only_o the_o property_n of_o these_o several_a zone_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v first_o they_o that_o inhabit_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n for_o with_o they_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n lie_v in_o their_o horizon_n and_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n fall_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o their_o peculiar_a accident_n be_v these_o first_o all_z the_o sâ—…arres_n do_v rise_v and_o set_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n except_o the_o arctique_a and_o antarctique_a pole_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o lerius_fw-la in_o our_o note_n upon_o the_o three_o chapter_n second_o they_o have_v a_o perpetual_a aequinoxe_n three_o they_o have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a unto_o they_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n namely_o when_o he_o enter_v into_o ♈_o and_o ♎_o four_o in_o the_o sun_n periodicall_a motion_n through_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la look_v how_o much_o he_o go_v southward_o from_o their_o zenith_n in_o his_o return_n he_o decline_v as_o far_o northward_o srom_o the_o same_o fiâ—…thly_o they_o have_v
as_o be_v already_o show_v as_o 11_o to_o 2._o the_o cube_n therefore_o of_o the_o sun_n be_v 11._o and_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o now_o these_o diameter_n be_v multiply_v cubical_o and_o thae_n great_a cube_n divide_v by_o the_o less_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o severaell_a globe_n will_v appear_v for_o if_o you_o multiply_v 11._o by_o 11._o there_o arise_v 121._o which_o number_n be_v multiply_v again_o by_o 11._o the_o whole_a will_v be_v 1331._o so_o likewise_o multiply_v 2._o cubical_o that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o itself_o and_o there_o rise_v 4._o which_o be_v again_o multiply_v by_o 2_o arise_v to_o 8._o now_o divide_v the_o great_a cube_n 1331._o by_o 8._o and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 166._o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v we_o to_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o planet_n and_o if_o any_o desire_v a_o more_o copious_a narration_n of_o the_o same_o they_o may_v have_v recourse_n to_o ptolemy_n copernicus_n and_o other_o that_o have_v write_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n for_o a_o more_o large_a description_n of_o these_o thing_n seam_n not_o â—…o_o stand_v without_o purpose_n especial_o for_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o erratical_a motion_n they_o can_v be_v express_v in_o a_o globe_n let_v thus_o much_o therefore_o be_v spokn_v of_o they_o as_o by_o the_o way_n only_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o their_o constellation_n and_o here_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o their_o asterism_n or_o constellation_n which_o pliny_n call_v signa_n and_o sidera_fw-la sign_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o which_o constellation_n as_o also_o of_o their_o figure_n name_n and_o number_n of_o the_o star_n they_o consist_v of_o there_o be_v diversity_n of_o opinion_n among_o author_n for_o pliny_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n 41._o chap._n reckon_v the_o whole_a number_n of_o the_o sign_n to_o be_v 72._o but_o ptolemy_n alfraganus_n and_o those_o which_o follow_v they_o acknowledge_v but_o 48._o for_o the_o most_o part_n notwithstanding_o some_o have_v add_v to_o this_o number_n one_o or_o two_o more_o as_o berenice_n hair_n and_o antinous_n germanicus_n caesar_n and_o festus_n avienus_n rufus_n follow_v aratus_n make_v the_o number_n less_o julius_n higinus_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v but_o 42._o reckone_v the_o serpent_n and_o the_o man_n that_o hold_v it_o for_o one_o sign_n and_o he_o omit_v the_o little_a horse_n and_o do_v not_o number_n libra_n among_o the_o sign_n but_o he_o divide_v scorpio_n into_o two_o sign_n as_o many_o other_o also_o do_v neither_o do_v he_o reckon_v the_o crow_n the_o wolf_n nor_o the_o south_n crown_n among_o his_o constellation_n but_o only_o name_v they_o by_o the_o way_n the_o bull_n also_o which_o be_v describe_v to_o appear_v but_o half_a by_o hipparchus_n and_o ptolemy_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v they_o the_o same_o be_v make_v to_o be_v whole_o apparent_a both_o by_o vitruvius_n and_o pliny_n and_o also_o before_o they_o by_o nicander_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v theon_n aratus_n his_o scholiast_n who_o also_o place_n the_o pleyade_n in_o his_o back_n concern_v the_o number_n also_o of_o the_o star_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o each_o constellation_n author_n do_v very_o much_o differ_v from_o ptolemy_n as_o namely_o julius_n higinus_n the_o commentator_n upon_o germanicus_n whether_o it_o be_v bassus_n as_o philander_n call_v he_o or_o whether_o those_o commentary_n be_v write_v by_o germanicus_n himself_o as_o some_o desire_n to_o prove_v out_o of_o lactantius_n and_o sometime_o also_o theon_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o aratus_n and_o alfraganus_n very_o often_o now_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o other_o reason_n there_o be_v why_o these_o constellation_n have_v be_v call_v by_o these_o name_n save_v only_o that_o the_o position_n of_o the_o star_n do_v in_o some_o sort_n seem_v to_o express_v the_o form_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o the_o same_o you_o may_v read_v bassus_n and_o julius_n higinus_n abundant_o discourse_v of_o this_o argument_n out_o of_o the_o fable_n of_o the_o greek_n pliny_n assure_v we_o if_o at_o least_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o that_o hipparchus_n be_v the_o man_n that_o first_o deliver_v to_o posterity_n the_o name_n magnitude_n and_o place_n of_o the_o star_n but_o they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n before_o hipparchus_n his_o time_n by_o timochares_n aratus_n and_o eudoxus_n neither_o be_v hipparchus_n ancient_a than_o aratus_n as_o theon_n will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v for_o the_o one_o flourish_v about_o the_o 420._o year_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o olympiad_n as_o appear_v plain_o out_o of_o his_o life_n write_v by_o a_o greek_a author_n but_o hipparchus_n live_v above_o 600._o yearâ—…s_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o olympiad_n as_o his_o observation_n deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o ptolemy_n do_v sufficient_o testify_v beside_o that_o there_o be_v extant_a certain_a commentary_n upon_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o eudoxus_n and_o arratus_fw-la which_o go_v under_o hipparchus_n his_o name_n unless_o perhaps_o they_o be_v write_v by_o eratosthenes_n as_o some_o rather_o think_v who_o yet_o be_v before_o hipparchus_n pont_n that_o which_o be_v write_v of_o hipparchus_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v any_o further_a then_o touch_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o star_n of_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o magnitude_n for_o so_o servius_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o 1._o lib._n geogr_n hipparchus_n inquit_fw-la scripâ—…it_fw-la de_fw-la signis_fw-la etc._n etc._n hipparchus_n say_v he_o write_v of_o the_o sign_n and_o reckon_v up_o how_o many_o bright_a star_n how_o many_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o light_n and_o how_o many_o obscure_a star_n there_o be_v in_o each_o constellation_n for_o otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n be_v know_v by_o the_o same_o name_n 1000_o year_n before_o hipparchtus_fw-la may_v be_v prove_v cut_v of_o seneca_n who_o in_o his_o 7._o lib._n natural_a quest._n chap_n 25_o say_v thus_o nondum_fw-la sunt_fw-la anâ—…i_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o say_v he_o 1500._o year_n yet_o since_o greece_n first_o begin_v to_o number_v the_o star_n and_o to_o give_v they_o certain_a appellation_n now_o seneca_n we_o know_v be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o command_n of_o nero_n in_o the_o 65._o year_n after_o christ_n and_o hipparchus_n live_v not_o above_o 283._o year_n before_o christ_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n philadelphus_n and_o job_n also_o who_o philo_n judaeus_n report_v to_o have_v marry_v 〈◊〉_d jacob_n daughter_n mention_v these_o name_n arcturus_n pleiades_n and_o orion_n if_o we_o may_v trust_v st._n hierom_n translation_n in_o this_o case_n cap._n 9_o verse_n 9_o who_o make_v say_v he_o arcturus_n orion_n and_o pleyade_n and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o remoâ—…st_a part_n of_o the_o south_n so_o likewise_o the_o prophet_n be_o 〈◊〉_d chap_n 5_o vers_fw-la 8._o quaerite_fw-la inquiet_a opificem_fw-la pleiadum_fw-la &_o orionis_n etc._n etc._n seek_v you_o he_o that_o make_v the_o pleyade_n and_o orion_n etc._n etc._n now_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o man_n that_o reduce_v the_o star_n into_o constellation_n and_o these_o may_v probable_o be_v husbandman_n and_o mariner_n the_o husbandman_n perhaps_o may_v make_v these_o to_o wit_n the_o ram_n the_o bull_n the_o eâ—…e_n of_o corn_n in_o the_o virgin_n hand_n the_o young_a kid_n the_o goat_n the_o waggoner_n the_o little_a goat_n the_o wagon_n all_o which_o be_v name_n use_v also_o by_o homer_n of_o the_o mariner_n the_o pleyade_n the_o hyades_n the_o whale_n and_o the_o like_a name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v invent_v according_a to_o that_o of_o virgil_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o georgicke_n nauâ—…ta_fw-la tuâ—…_n stellis_fw-la numeros_fw-la &_o nomina_fw-la fecit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d des_fw-fr hyades_n clarumque_fw-la lycaonis_fw-la astâ—…m_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v into_o english_a verse_n by_o t._n may._n the_o sailor_n number_n then_o and_o name_v 〈◊〉_d star_n the_o pleiad_n hyads_z and_o the_o northern_a car_n and_o now_o to_o who_o do_v those_o other_o new_a constellation_n above_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n we_o their_o now_o so_o well_o know_v name_n but_o to_o the_o portugal_n hollander_n and_o english_a seafaring_a man_n neither_o be_v those_o man_n at_o all_o to_o be_v regard_v that_o condemn_v these_o usual_a name_n of_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n as_o unfit_a to_o be_v use_v by_o christian_a man_n for_o see_v they_o be_v now_o use_v without_o the_o least_o show_n of_o superstirion_n and_o that_o there_o be_v very_o great_a necessity_n of_o these_o appellation_n in_o as_o much_o as_o without_o they_o there_o can_v be_v no_o agreement_n or_o accord_n in_o these_o art_n and_o cience_n for_o these_o very_a name_n be_v use_v
call_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d capra_n a_o goat_n and_o in_o arabic_a alhaiok_n or_o as_o scaligâ—…_n say_v alatod_a which_o signify_v a_o he_o goat_n and_o the_o two_o which_o be_v in_o his_o left_a head_n and_o be_v the_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hoedi_fw-la kid_n and_o in_o a_o abique_fw-la s_o alfonsus_n have_v it_o saclateni_fw-la but_o according_a to_o scaliger_n sadateni_fw-la the_o â—…inmost_a aâ—…me_n this_o configuration_n of_o these_o star_n be_v first_o observe_v by_o cleostratus_n tenedius_n as_o higixus_fw-la report_v the_o 13_o aquila_n alhhakkab_n the_o eagle_n the_o modern_a astronomer_n call_v it_o the_o fly_a vulture_n in_o arabic_a altayr_n but_o alfraganus_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n for_o he_o call_v the_o swan_n by_o this_o name_n as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v they_o reckon_v in_o this_o alteâ—…isme_n 9_o star_n beside_o 6._o other_o unformed_a which_o the_o emperor_n hadrian_n cause_v to_o he_o call_v antinous_n in_o memory_n of_o antinous_n his_o minion_n the_o 14_o be_v the_o dolphin_n in_o arabic_a aldelphin_n and_o it_o have_v in_o it_o 10._o star_n the_o 15_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a sagitta_n or_o telum_fw-la the_o arrow_n or_o dart_n in_o arabic_a alsoham_n it_o be_v also_o call_v istusc_n which_o word_n grotius_n think_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a ward_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signisy_v a_o arrow_n it_o contain_v 5._o star_n in_o all_o the_o 16_o be_v serpentarius_n the_o serpent_n bearer_n in_o arabic_a alhava_n and_o hasalangue_n it_o consist_v of_o 24._o star_n and_o 5._o other_o unformed_a the_o first_o star_n of_o these_o be_v call_v in_o arabic_a rasalangue_n pont_n there_o be_v also_o discover_v a_o new_a star_n in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o serpent_n bearer_n anno._n 1605._o which_o may_v have_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o star_n of_o the_o three_o magnitude_n it_o begin_v first_o to_o appear_v about_o october_n in_o the_o year_n aforesaid_a and_o about_o february_n the_o year_n follow_v be_v 1606_o it_o vanish_v out_o of_o fight_n kepler_n write_v a_o book_n of_o this_o star_n also_o unto_o who_o you_o may_v have_v recourse_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n the_o 17_o be_v serpens_fw-la the_o serpent_n in_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d it_o conâ—…sts_v of_o 18._o star_n the_o 18_o be_v equiculus_n the_o little_a horse_n and_o in_o arabic_a kasam_n alfarâ—…_n that_o be_v in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o sure_a part_n of_o a_o horse_n cut_v off_o it_o consist_v of_o 4._o obscure_a star_n the_o 19_o be_v pegasus_n the_o great_a horse_n in_o arabic_a aifaroâ—…_n alathâ—…m_n and_o it_o have_v in_o it_o 10._o star_n the_o star_n on_o the_o right_a shoulder_n which_o be_v call_v almenkeb_n and_o be_v the_o three_o in_o number_n be_v also_o call_v seat_n alfras_n brâ—…hium_n equi_fw-la and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o open_n of_o his_o month_n and_o be_v number_v the_o 17_o be_v call_v in_o arabic_a enif_n alfaras_n he_o note_v of_o the_o horse_n the_o 20_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o arabic_a almara_n alâ—…sela_n that_o be_v the_o chain_v woman_n alfraganus_n interpreâ—…_n it_o 〈◊〉_d quae_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la experiâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d a_o woman_n that_o have_v not_o know_v a_o man_n this_o constellation_n concain_v in_o it_o 23._o star_n whereof_o that_o which_o be_v the_o 12_o in_o number_n and_o be_v in_o the_o girdle_a place_n be_v common_o call_v in_o arabic_a mâ—…ach_n or_o according_a to_o scaliger_n mizar_n and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o 5_o be_v call_v alamac_n or_o rather_o almaac_n which_o signify_v a_o sock_n or_o buâ—…kin_n the_o 21_o be_v the_o triangle_n in_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v tripliciâ—…_n it_o consist_v of_o 4._o star_n pont_n among_o all_o these_o constellation_n in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n which_o be_v in_o all_o 21._o there_o be_v but_o three_o star_n only_o of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v that_o in_o the_o left_a shoulder_n of_o erichthonius_n or_o the_o waggoner_n call_v in_o latin_a capella_n the_o second_o be_v the_o bright_a star_n in_o the_o harp_n and_o the_o three_o be_v arcturus_n betwixt_o the_o leg_n of_o boötes_n now_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o star_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n reckon_v in_o these_o also_o which_o be_v of_o the_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o and_o 6_o magnitude_n with_o the_o obscure_a and_o cloudy_a one_o also_o arise_v to_o 360._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o northern_a sign_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la the_o first_o be_v aries_n the_o ram_n in_o arabic_a alhamel_n this_o constellation_n have_v 13._o star_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n account_n yet_o alfraganus_n reckon_v but_o 12._o beside_o the_o other_o 5_o unformed_a one_o that_o belong_v unto_o it_o the_o second_o be_v taurus_n the_o bull_n in_o arabic_a altor_n or_o ataur_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o constellation_n there_o be_v a_o very_a bright_a star_n call_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n palilicium_n and_o by_o the_o arabian_n aldebaram_n which_o be_v to_o say_v a_o very_a bright_a star_n and_o also_o hain_n altor_n that_o be_v the_o bull_n eye_n and_o those_o five_o star_n that_o be_v in_o his_o forehead_n and_o be_v call_v in_o latin_a suculae_fw-la the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o as_o theon_n and_o hero_n mechanicus_fw-la conceive_v they_o represent_v the_o form_n of_o the_o latin_a y._n although_o perhaps_o iâ—…_n be_v rather_o because_o they_o usual_o cause_v rain_n and_o stormy_a weather_n thales_n milesius_n say_v that_o there_o be_v two_o of_o these_o hyades_n one_o in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o south_n euripides_n will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v 3._o achaeus_n 4._o hippias_n &_o pherecides_n 7._o those_o other_o 6._o or_o rather_o 7_o star_n that_o appear_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o bull_n the_o greek_n call_v pletado_n perhaps_o from_o their_o multitude_n the_o latin_n vergiliae_fw-la the_o arabian_n atauria_n quasi_fw-la taurinae_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o bull._n nicander_n and_o after_o he_o vitruvius_n and_o pliny_n place_n these_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bull_n and_o hipparchus_n quite_o out_o of_o the_o bull_n in_o the_o left_a foot_n of_o perseus_n these_o star_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n and_o solius_fw-la to_o be_v never_o see_v at_o all_o in_o the_o isle_n taprobana_n but_o this_o be_v rid_v culous_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v report_v by_o none_o but_o such_o as_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n for_o those_o that_o inhabit_v that_o isle_n have_v they_o almost_o over_o their_o head_n this_o constellation_n have_v 33._o star_n in_o it_o beside_o the_o unformed_a star_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o be_v 11._o in_o number_n pont_n pliny_n word_n in_o that_o place_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o carry_v any_o such_o sense_n simple_o see_v that_o he_o add_v the_o same_o also_o of_o the_o bear_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o his_o lib._n 6._o cap._n 22._o where_o speak_v of_o certain_a ambassador_n that_o come_v from_o the_o isle_n taprobana_n to_o rome_n he_o say_v septentriones_fw-la virgilia_n sque_fw-la apud_fw-la noâ—…_n veluti_fw-la novo_fw-la caelum_fw-la mirabantur_fw-la they_o wonder_v to_o see_v the_o bear_n and_o the_o seven_o star_n withus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d if_o they_o have_v bâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o new_a world_n and_o â—…tainely_o if_o vap_o 〈◊〉_d be_v situate_v under_o the_o very_a liâ—…e_n this_o then_o for_o that_o very_a reason_n we_o allege_v before_o on_o the_o 3._o 〈◊〉_d par_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d of_o lerius_fw-la have_v be_v no_o such_o strange_a â—…ter_n be_v it_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o septentriones_fw-la only_o neither_o have_v pliny_n write_v any_o so_o absurd_a â—…on_n if_o he_o have_v say_v thus_o septentriones_fw-la 〈◊〉_d nos_fw-la veluti_fw-la novo_fw-la â—…lo_fw-la mirabantur_fw-la in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o author_n will_v 〈◊〉_d nothing_o in_o their_o book_n without_o 〈◊〉_d examination_n although_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a to_o find_v pliny_n faâ—…ring_v 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o thing_n the_o three_o be_v gemini_fw-la the_o twin_n in_o arabic_a algeuze_fw-fr these_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v castor_n and_o pollux_n and_o other_o apâ—…_n and_o herâ—…_n whence_o with_o the_o arabian_n the_o one_o be_v call_v apollar_n for_o a_o aphellaâ—…_n and_o the_o other_o 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d scaliger_n 〈◊〉_d it_o contain_v in_o it_o beside_o the_o 7._o â—…formed_v 18_o star_n among_o which_o that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d their_o â—…ad_n be_v call_v in_o arabic_a â—…geazr_n the_o four_o be_v cancer_n the_o crab_n in_o arabic_a 〈◊〉_d consist_v of_o 9_o start_v beside_o 4._o â—…formed_v of_o which_o that_o cloudy_a 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o be_v call_v mâ—…lles_n in_o arabic_a which_o as_o scaliger_n faith_n
mela_n also_o after_o he_o this_o vast_a island_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v terminate_v on_o the_o north_n side_n with_o the_o freeze_a sea_n which_o be_v call_v by_o dionysius_n mare_fw-la saturninum_fw-la and_o mâ—…rtuum_n â—…n_o the_o east_n with_o the_o eastern_a sea_n which_o be_v also_o call_v mare_n seâ—…_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o red_a sea_n whiâ—…h_o ptolemy_n call_v the_o indian_a sea_n and_o the_o aethyopian_a and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n out_o of_o this_o ocean_n also_o there_o be_v four_o particular_a gulf_n as_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n conceive_v which_o embosomed_a themselves_o into_o the_o main_a land_n two_o of_o which_o derive_v their_o course_n out_o of_o the_o erythraean_a or_o red_a sea_n to_o wit_n the_o persian_a and_o arabian_a gulf_n from_o the_o west_n there_o be_v send_v out_o of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n a_o vast_a gulf_n which_o be_v call_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o out_o of_o the_o north_n they_o will_v have_v the_o scythian_a ocean_n to_o send_v in_o the_o caspian_a sea_n which_o be_v shut_v in_o almost_o on_o every_o side_n with_o high_a craggy_a rock_n from_o whence_o the_o stream_n flow_v with_o suâ—…h_a violence_n that_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o very_a fall_n they_o cast_v forth_o their_o water_n so_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n without_o so_o much_o as_o once_o touch_v upon_o the_o shore_n that_o the_o ground_n be_v leave_v dry_a and_o passable_a for_o whole_a army_n under_o the_o bank_n the_o stream_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v carry_v over_o tâ—…r_a headâ—…s_n as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o eudoxus_n in_o strabo_n this_o sea_n both_o strabo_n pliny_n mela_n â—…nd_n solinus_n will_v have_v to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o scythian_a ocean_n as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o this_o eâ—…rour_n of_o they_o bâ—…sides_v the_o experience_n of_o these_o late_a time_n be_v manifest_o convince_v by_o this_o one_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n which_o be_v that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o be_v freâ—…h_n and_o sweet_a as_o be_v first_o observe_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o afterward_o by_o pompey_n as_o m._n varro_n in_o solinus_n tâ—…stifieth_v who_o at_o that_o â—…ime_n himself_o serve_v under_o ptompey_n in_o his_o war_n and_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n which_o polycletus_n in_o straboâ—…lledged_a â—…lledged_z for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o same_o now_o all_o this_o tract_n of_o land_n the_o ancient_n divide_v at_o first_o into_o two_o part_n only_o namely_o asia_n and_o europe_n to_o which_o succeed_v time_n aâ—…ded_v a_o three_o which_o they_o call_v africa_n and_o sometime_o also_o lybia_n and_o of_o these_o asia_n be_v the_o great_a africa_n the_o next_o but_o europe_n the_o last_o of_o all_o according_a as_o ptolemy_n determine_v it_o in_o the_o 7._o book_n of_o his_o geography_n europe_n be_v divide_v on_o the_o east_n from_o asia_n by_o the_o aegaean_a sea_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o archipelago_n and_o the_o euxine_a sea_n which_o be_v at_o first_o as_o strato_z in_o strabo_n thoâ—…ght_v encompass_v about_o on_o all_o side_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o great_a lake_n till_o at_o last_o by_o the_o great_a accession_n of_o other_o riverâ—…_n and_o water_n it_o so_o far_o increase_v as_o that_o the_o bank_n be_v unable_a to_o contain_v it_o it_o violent_o make_v its_o way_n into_o the_o propontis_n and_o the_o hellespont_n the_o euxine_a sea_n be_v now_o call_v mare_n maggiore_n it_o be_v also_o bound_v on_o the_o same_o side_n by_o the_o like_a of_o maeotis_n now_o call_v mare_fw-la dellezahacche_fw-it the_o river_n tanais_n common_o call_v don_n and_o the_o meridian_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o scythian_a or_o freeze_v sea_n on_o all_o other_o side_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n for_o towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o africa_n by_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n and_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o length_n of_o these_o 〈◊〉_d be_v according_a to_o strabo_n and_o pliny_n 120._o fuâ—…longs_n and_o the_o breadth_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o same_o strabo_n 70._o surlong_n but_o mela_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v 10._o mile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 80._o furlong_n t._n livius_n and_o cornelius_n nepâ—…s_v make_v the_o latitude_n of_o it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o broad_a place_n 10._o mile_n or_o 80._o furlong_n and_o where_o it_o be_v narrow_a 7._o mile_n or_o 56._o furlong_n but_o turannius_n graccula_n who_o as_o pliny_n report_v be_v bear_v about_o those_o part_n account_v it_o to_o be_v from_o mellaria_n a_o town_n in_o spain_n unto_o that_o premontory_n in_o africa_n which_o be_v call_v promontorium_n album_n but_o 5._o mile_n in_o all_o that_o be_v 40._o furlong_n eratosthenes_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o europe_n be_v sometime_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n of_o africa_n and_o it_o be_v report_v by_o pliny_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o part_n have_v a_o tradition_n that_o the_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o the_o land_n by_o which_o europe_n and_o africa_n be_v join_v together_o be_v cut_v through_o by_o hercules_n europe_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o british_a german_a and_o freeze_a sea_n pont_n this_o northern_a part_n of_o europe_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v discover_v and_o know_v to_o the_o world_n in_o the_o reign_n or_o rather_o through_o the_o mean_n and_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o augustus_n caesar._n for_o as_o pliny_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 76._o septentrionalis_n oceanus_n majore_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la navigatus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o northern_a ocean_n for_o the_o great_a part_n be_v first_o search_v by_o augustus_n caesar_n who_o send_v forth_o a_o navy_n which_o pass_v all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n come_v so_o far_o as_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o thence_o pass_v on_o through_o a_o vast_a sea_n which_o they_o hâ—…d_v only_o hear_v of_o before_o they_o go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o coast_n of_o scythia_n in_o which_o place_n pliny_n mean_v those_o sea_n expedition_n perform_v by_o tiberius_n and_o drusus_n germanicus_n but_o especial_o that_o of_o drusus_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o word_n of_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o ipsum_fw-la quinâ—…tiam_fw-la oceanum_n illa_fw-la tentavimuâ—…_n etc._n etc._n we_o leave_v not_o the_o ocean_n unattempted_a that_o way_n also_o and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a fame_n that_o hercules_n pillar_n be_v yet_o remain_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o hâ—…rcules_n ever_o go_v so_o â—…ar_o or_o else_o that_o â—…hat_o ever_o magnificent_a thing_n be_v any_o where_o to_o be_v find_v we_o all_o conspire_v unâ—…nimusly_o to_o honour_v he_o therewith_o neither_o be_v there_o want_v courage_n for_o the_o attempt_n to_o drusus_n germanicus_n only_o the_o ocean_n will_v not_o suffer_v itself_o nor_o hercules_n to_o be_v sarth_o inquire_v into_o after_o this_o no_o man_n attâ—…mpted_v it_o and_o be_v be_v think_v a_o great_a point_n of_o reverence_n and_o religion_n to_o believe_v the_o action_n of_o the_o god_n then_o to_o know_v 〈◊〉_d thus_o he_o now_o before_o this_o time_n all_o this_o tract_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o north_n the_o roman_n call_v novus_n orbis_n ignotus_fw-la orbis_n the_o new_a and_o unknown_a world_n as_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v see_v it_o in_o a_o certain_a elegy_n of_o albinovus_fw-la upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o cimbriaâ—…s_n which_o 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o be_v now_o call_v scagen_n and_o be_v the_o most_o northern_a point_n of_o denmark_n and_o as_o concern_v these_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n hadrianus_n junius_n who_o sometime_o see_v these_o coast_n râ—…ferreth_v the_o same_o to_o that_o high_a rock_n or_o promontory_n in_o scandinavia_n junius_n have_v it_o noâ—…vegia_n but_o not_o right_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v col_n bath_n by_o the_o native_n and_o our_o mariner_n also_o for_o in_o this_o place_n they_o have_v a_o superstitious_a custom_n that_o as_o strabo_n report_v of_o the_o gad_n take_v pillaâ—…s_n when_o any_o ship_n have_v arrive_v there_o as_o if_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o end_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o travail_n they_o forthwith_o sacrifice_v to_o hercules_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o this_o place_n they_o have_v a_o custom_n that_o if_o they_o have_v fresh_a man_n that_o never_o sail_v tbose_v northern_a sea_n before_o they_o have_v certain_a ceremony_n with_o which_o they_o use_v to_o make_v they_o free_a of_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o myself_o once_o see_v do_v sail_v by_o this_o promontory_n for_o they_o taâ—…k_v and_o bind_v they_o to_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o then_o take_v the_o scoop_v and_o fill_v it_o with_o sea_n water_n they_o make_v as_o it_o
so_o likewise_o posidonius_n be_v to_o be_v blame_v for_o set_v down_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n and_o that_o from_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n whereas_o some_o of_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v but_o 4000_o and_o other_o 5000._o as_o eratosthenes_n confess_v in_o strabo_n but_o add_v moreover_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v find_v by_o sciotericall_a instrument_n that_o it_o be_v but_o 3750._o and_o strabo_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v something_o less_o than_o that_o namely_o 3640._o furlong_n so_o that_o hence_o â—…e_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o ptolemy_n opinion_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o more_o exact_a and_o accurate_a dimension_n of_o distance_n as_o bimself_n profess_v must_v necessary_o come_v near_o the_o truth_n then_o the_o rest_n but_o franciscus_n maurolycus_n abbot_n of_o messava_n while_o he_o go_v about_o to_o defend_v posidonius_n against_o ptolemy_n be_v overtake_v himself_o in_o a_o error_n before_o he_o be_v aware_a for_o â—…e_n suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o ptolemy_n assignment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n which_o he_o set_v down_o to_o be_v thirty_o six_o degree_n and_o he_o advertise_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o number_n in_o his_o geographical_a table_n be_v corrupt_v which_o we_o confess_v be_v most_o certain_a but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n let_v we_o see_v how_o he_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v so_o in_o this_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n posidonius_n say_v he_o out_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n set_v down_o the_o latitude_n of_o it_o to_o be_v thirty_o eight_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a unless_o that_o ptolemy_n be_v out_o also_o in_o design_v the_o latitude_n of_o alexandria_n which_o maurolycus_n think_v can_v possible_o be_v but_o we_o affirm_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n that_o ptolemy_n himself_o be_v against_o this_o latitude_n not_o only_o in_o his_o geographical_a book_n but_o also_o in_o diverse_a place_n throughout_o the_o almage_a also_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 6._o where_o he_o set_v down_o the_o same_o latitude_n for_o rhodes_n that_o he_o have_v in_o this_o geography_n add_v moreover_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a day_n and_o also_o what_o manner_n of_o shadow_n the_o gnomonos_n cast_v both_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o also_o in_o the_o tropic_n all_o which_o do_v plain_o prove_v the_o sâ—…me_n he_o also_o very_o often_o have_v the_o same_o latâ—…tude_n of_o it_o in_o his_o planisphaere_n unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o either_o mass_n the_o arabian_a in_o translate_n it_o into_o arabic_a or_o else_o rodulphus_fw-la brugensis_n who_o translate_v the_o some_o again_o out_o of_o arabic_a into_o latin_a have_v 〈◊〉_d we_o hitherto_o therefore_o we_o stand_v on_o equal_a term_n but_o he_o proceed_v and_o say_v that_o this_o opinion_n of_o posidonius_n be_v favour_v also_o by_o proclus_n &_o the_o obseruâ—…tions_n of_o eudoxus_n cnidius_n deliver_v by_o strabo_n let_v we_o therefore_o see_v what_o all_o this_o be_v pâ—…sidonius_n say_v strabo_n report_v that_o himself_o be_v sometime_o in_o a_o city_n distant_a from_o the_o gaditan_a strait_o 400._o furlong_n see_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a house_n a_o certain_a star_n which_o he_o take_v to_o be_v canobus_n and_o those_o that_o go_v thence_o more_o south_n ward_n from_o spain_n confess_v that_o they_o see_v it_o also_o plain_o now_o the_o tower_n cnidus_n out_o of_o which_o eudoxus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v see_v canobus_n be_v not_o much_o high_a than_o the_o other_o building_n but_o cnidus_n be_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o rhodes_n as_o be_v also_o the_o gades_n with_o the_o sea_n coast_v adjoin_v thus_o strabo_n but_o what_o do_v he_o conclude_v hence_o against_o ptolemy_n that_o canobus_n may_v be_v see_v in_o cnidus_n we_o deny_v it_o not_o or_o that_o cnidus_n be_v in_o the_o rhodian_a climate_n ptolemy_n acknowledge_v as_o much_o for_o he_o make_v it_o to_o have_v not_o above_o 36._o gr_n 15._o m._n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n but_o be_v not_o ptolemy_n out_o also_o in_o assign_v the_o latitude_n of_o cnidus_n that_o the_o latitude_n of_o rhodes_n be_v no_o great_a than_o ptolemy_n have_v set_v it_o may_v be_v prove_v even_o out_o of_o proclus_n himself_n for_o he_o make_v the_o long_a day_n at_o rhodes_n to_o be_v 14._o hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o ptolemy_n will_v have_v the_o same_o to_o be_v equal_a both_o at_o rhodes_n and_o cnidus_n and_o to_o this_o assent_v strabo_n likewise_o save_v only_o that_o in_o one_o place_n he_o set_v it_o down_o to_o be_v but_o 14._o hour_n bare_a so_o that_o by_o this_o reckon_n it_o shall_v have_v less_o latitude_n now_o proclus_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n say_v he_o the_o summer_n tropic_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o horizon_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o if_o the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o forty_o eight_o part_n twenty_o nine_o of_o the_o same_o do_v appear_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o 19_o lie_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o division_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o long_a day_n at_o rhodes_n must_v be_v 14._o equinoctial_a hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o short_a night_n 9_o and_o a_o half_a thus_o he_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o posidonius_n his_o set_v down_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o meridian_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o vertical_a point_n oâ—…_n rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n may_v deceive_v pliny_n proclus_n and_o other_o yet_o alfraganus_n draw_v his_o second_o climate_n through_o cyprus_n and_o rhodes_n and_o make_v it_o to_o have_v the_o long_a day_n of_o 14._o hour_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o latitude_n 36._o gr_n two_o three_o so_o that_o there_o be_v but_o very_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o he_o and_o ptolemy_n and_o even_o maeurolycus_fw-la himself_o when_o in_o his_o cosmographical_a dâ—…alogues_n he_o number_v up_o the_o parallel_n hâ—…_n make_v that_o which_o pass_v through_o rhodes_n to_o have_v 36_o gr_n and_o a_o twelve_o of_o latitude_n herein_o differ_v something_o with_o the_o most_o â—…om_n posidonius_n eratosthenes_n his_o observation_n also_o do_v very_o much_o contradict_v posidonius_n for_o eratosthenes_n say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o sciotericall_a gnomon_n that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n be_v 3750._o furlong_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v this_o a_o little_a better_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n he_o find_v scioterical_o after_o his_o manner_n to_o be_v something_o more_o than_o 5._o degree_n and_o to_o this_o difference_n according_a to_o his_o assume_v measure_n of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o he_o allow_v 700._o furlong_n to_o a_o degree_n he_o attribute_n 3650._o furlong_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o way_n of_o work_v by_o sciotericall_a instrument_n that_o i_o know_v in_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o furlong_n betwixt_o two_o place_n unless_o we_o first_o know_v the_o number_n of_o furlong_n agree_v either_o to_o the_o whole_a circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o assign_v let_v we_o now_o see_v if_o we_o can_v prove_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o eratosthenes_n himself_o that_o neither_o posidonius_n his_o opinion_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n circumference_n much_o less_o eratosthenes_n his_o own_o can_v be_v defend_v and_o here_o we_o shall_v not_o examine_v his_o observation_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o syene_n that_o so_o we_o may_v prove_v out_o of_o his_o own_o assumption_n that_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v above_o 241_o 620._o furlong_n as_o it_o it_o demonstrate_v by_o petrus_n nonius_n in_o his_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o de_fw-fr navigatione_n neither_o do_v we_o inquire_v how_o true_o he_o have_v set_v down_o the_o distance_n of_o these_o two_o place_n to_o be_v 5000._o furlong_n whereas_o solinus_n reckon_v not_o from_o the_o very_a ocean_n to_o meroe_n above_o 620._o mile_n which_o be_v but_o 4960._o furlong_n now_o mercë_n be_v a_o a_o great_a deal_n far_o than_o syene_n neither_o will_v we_o question_v he_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o small_a difference_n that_o be_v betwixt_o he_o and_o pliny_n who_o reckon_v from_o the_o island_n elephantina_n which_o be_v 3._o mile_n below_o the_o last_o cataract_n and_o 16._o mile_n above_o syene_n to_o alexandria_n but_o 486._o mile_n so_o that_o by_o this_o reckon_n betwixt_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n there_o will_v not_o be_v above_o 4560._o furlong_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v a_o contrary_a way_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n this_o one_o thing_n therefore_o we_o require_v to_o be_v grant_v we_o which_o be_v that_o look_v how_o great_a a_o space_n the_o sun_n diameter_n take_v up_o in_o
his_o orb_n for_o the_o like_a space_n on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n shall_v the_o gnomon_n be_v without_o any_o shadow_n at_o all_o while_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o their_o zenich_n which_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v as_o it_o be_v free_o confess_v by_o posidonius_n in_o cleomedes_n we_o have_v then_o get_v the_o victory_n now_o it_o be_v assime_v by_o eratosthenes_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o so_o direct_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n at_o syene_n both_o there_o and_o for_o 〈◊〉_d furlong_n round_o about_o the_o gnomon_n cast_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o let_v we_o now_o therefore_o see_v how_o great_a a_o part_n of_o this_o orb_n the_o sun_n diameter_n do_v subrend_a for_o by_o this_o mean_n if_o this_o position_n of_o eratosthenes_n which_o we_o have_v now_o set_v down_o be_v true_a we_o may_v easy_o find_v oâ—…_n by_o it_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n firmicus_n maternus_n make_v the_o diameter_n both_o of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o whole_a degree_n but_o he_o be_v too_o far_o from_o the_o truth_n and_o assign_v a_o great_a quantity_n either_o than_o he_o ought_v or_o we_o desire_v the_o egyptians_n sound_n by_o hydroscopicall_a instrument_n that_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n take_v up_o the_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o part_n of_o his_o orb_n so_o that_o if_o 3â—…0_n furlong_n on_o earth_n answer_v to_o the_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a circumference_n of_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o it_o then_o will_v be_v but_o 225000._o furlong_n the_o fabric_n and_o use_n of_o this_o instrument_n be_v set_v down_o by_o proclus_n in_o his_o cap_n 3._o designation_n astronomi_fw-la and_o theon_n also_o speak_v much_o of_o it_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o 5._o lib._n almage_a ptolemy_n as_o also_o do_v maurolicus_n in_o his_o three_o dialog_n cosmograph_n but_o these_o kind_n of_o observation_n be_v not_o approve_v of_o by_o ptolemy_n and_o theon_n also_o and_o proclus_n deâ—…race_v they_o to_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o much_o error_n and_o therefore_o we_o examine_v the_o matter_n yet_o a_o little_a further_o aristarchus_n samius_n as_o he_o be_v cite_v by_o archimedes_n affirm_v that_o the_o sunâ—…_n apparent_a diameter_n take_v up_o the_o seven_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 30._o minute_n and_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o he_o have_v it_o as_o i_o remember_v in_o the_o 7._o and_o 8._o proposition_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr magnitud_n &_o distant_a solis_fw-la &_o luna_fw-la the_o same_o be_v the_o opinion_n also_o of_o archimedes_n himself_o but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v free_v myself_o of_o a_o certain_a soruple_n cast_v in_o my_o way_n by_o another_o supposition_n of_o the_o same_o aristarchus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o book_n where_o he_o will_v have_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o be_v 2._o degâ—…es_n archimedes_n also_o out_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n by_o dioptricall_a instrument_n have_v define_v the_o sun_n diameter_n to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o 200_o part_n of_o a_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 27._o minute_n yet_o less_o than_o the_o 164_o part_n of_o a_o right_a angle_n which_o be_v 33._o minute_n but_o he_o himself_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a credit_n to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o like_a observation_n as_o be_v make_v by_o these_o dioptricall_a instrument_n as_o by_o they_o to_o be_v able_a exact_o to_o find_v out_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o moon_n see_v that_o neither_o the_o sight_n nor_o the_o hanâ—…_n nor_o yet_o the_o instrument_n themselves_o by_o which_o the_o observation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v can_v be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a and_o sure_a as_o not_o to_o fail_v ptolemy_n by_o the_o same_o dioptricall_a instrument_n as_o also_o by_o the_o manner_n of_o eclipse_n sound_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o contain_v 30._o m._n 20._o sec._n and_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o apparent_a diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n when_o she_o be_v at_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v at_o the_o full_a moon_n and_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n now_o whereas_o he_o will_v have_v this_o magnitude_n to_o be_v constant_o the_o same_o and_o invariable_a proclus_n approve_v not_o of_o he_o herein_o as_o appear_v in_o his_o 3._o cap._n designation_n astronom_n be_v hereto_o induce_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o sosigenes_n a_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o those_o book_n of_o he_o which_o he_o intitule_v derevolutionibus_fw-la have_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n there_o be_v sometime_o a_o certain_a little_a ring_n or_o circle_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v perceive_v enlighten_v and_o appear_v plain_o on_o all_o side_n round_o about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a it_o be_v impossible_a then_o that_o the_o apparent_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v at_o all_o time_n equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n in_o their_o conjunction_n and_o opposition_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n perhaps_o that_o those_o that_o have_v come_v after_o ptolemy_n have_v endeavour_v to_o examine_v these_o thing_n more_o accurate_o and_o first_o of_o all_o albateni_fw-la find_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o apogaeum_n of_o his_o eccentrick_a to_o be_v 31._o m._n 20._o sec._n which_o be_v the_o same_o which_o ptolemy_n observation_n but_o in_o the_o perigaum_n to_o be_v 33._o m._n 40._o sec._n but_o copernicus_n go_v yet_o further_o and_o find_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o be_v in_o his_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 31._o m._n 48._o sec._n and_o when_o he_o be_v near_o of_o all_o to_o be_v 33._o m._n 54._o sec._n now_o therefore_o if_o we_o work_v upon_o this_o ground_n here_o lay_v before_o we_o and_o take_v the_o diameter_n to_o be_v 32._o 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matter_n for_o there_o be_v now_o no_o place_n leave_v of_o deny_v all_o but_o rather_o to_o see_v how_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v better_o demonstrate_v and_o this_o do_v the_o construction_n and_o position_n of_o the_o sphere_n correct_v but_o i_o do_v not_o speak_v this_o to_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o astrologer_n who_o never_o have_v read_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o never_o so_o much_o as_o see_v any_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n unto_o who_o although_o they_o shall_v perhaps_o have_v recourse_n they_o can_v not_o understand_v now_o as_o concern_v the_o motion_n of_o trepidation_n it_o be_v long_o since_o explode_v and_o for_o copernicus_n his_o motion_n of_o libration_n which_o be_v also_o a_o very_a vain_a conceit_n and_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o it_o here_o and_o show_v whence_o this_o so_o idle_a a_o dream_n shall_v possess_v so_o worthy_a a_o man_n for_o it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o that_o imposture_n of_o trepidation_n and_o 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