stranger_n and_o to_o negotiate_v their_o business_n for_o they_o yet_o we_o resolve_v not_o to_o be_v discourage_v but_o rather_o take_v the_o great_a magnanimity_n and_o trust_v in_o almighty_a god_n who_o sometime_o permit_v difficulty_n to_o appear_v insupportable_a by_o humane_a strength_n that_o we_o may_v ascribe_v our_o happy_a success_n to_o he_o alone_o and_o return_v he_o all_o praise_n and_o thanks_o who_o bring_v all_o our_o work_n to_o pass_v with_o erect_a spirit_n therefore_o and_o our_o heart_n advance_v we_o accost_v a_o famous_a chinese_n who_o be_v likewise_o precedent_n of_o the_o tribunal_n of_o hospitality_n for_o now_o all_o their_o court_n have_v double_a chief_n and_o precedent_n in_o they_o the_o one_o a_o tartar_n and_o the_o other_o a_o chinese_n earnest_o request_v his_o favourable_a assistance_n in_o this_o business_n for_o know_v his_o authority_n in_o his_o favour_n lie_v our_o great_a hope_n and_o he_o be_v ever_o a_o most_o friendly_a person_n to_o 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name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n can_v ever_o be_v secure_a or_o flourish_v but_o will_v be_v in_o perpetual_a hazard_n of_o decay_n this_o mandorin_n be_v wonderful_o please_v with_o the_o book_n and_o promise_v i_o to_o show_v it_o to_o the_o council_n that_o be_v to_o be_v hold_v about_o the_o hollander_n and_o withal_o he_o add_v this_o word_n of_o consolation_n that_o these_o hollander_n shall_v never_o accomplish_v and_o bring_v to_o pass_v their_o design_n here_o although_o i_o well_o know_v they_o have_v bribe_v the_o king_n of_o canton_n and_o many_o other_o great_a officer_n about_o the_o court_n for_o i_o will_v never_o suffer_v they_o to_o enter_v into_o china_n or_o to_o be_v allow_v any_o commerce_n with_o it_o and_o as_o he_o promise_v so_o he_o likewise_o perform_v with_o other_o chineses_n of_o his_o party_n withstand_v the_o tartar_n and_o anon_o produce_v the_o book_n to_o they_o whereunto_o they_o all_o give_v great_a estimation_n and_o credit_n because_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n at_o length_n from_o the_o cognizance_n that_o all_o great_a man_n take_v of_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o fame_n that_o be_v spread_v of_o they_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o tartar_n shut_v they_o up_o and_o not_o only_o deny_v they_o liberty_n to_o sell_v any_o thing_n or_o to_o buy_v any_o necessary_n for_o themselves_o but_o also_o prohibit_v they_o to_o receive_v those_o entertainment_n whereunto_o some_o of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton's_n intimate_a friend_n have_v invite_v they_o nor_o will_v they_o suffer_v any_o man_n so_o much_o as_o to_o sit_v down_o at_o their_o door_n whence_o the_o dutch_a despair_v of_o any_o good_a issue_n of_o their_o negotiation_n plain_o disow_v their_o pretence_n of_o seek_v any_o commerce_n here_o and_o pretend_v their_o business_n to_o be_v only_o a_o congratulation_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o new_a conquest_n which_o have_v now_o perform_v with_o their_o most_o hearty_a wish_n for_o the_o continuance_n and_o increase_n of_o his_o posterity_n they_o desire_v his_o majesty_n leave_n to_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o country_n hitherto_o whatever_o father_n lodowick_n balion_n and_o myself_o have_v do_v to_o defeat_v the_o hollander_n if_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o our_o wish_n it_o be_v according_a to_o our_o power_n and_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a in_o our_o lay_n open_v the_o quality_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o alienate_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o they_o and_o of_o many_o tartar_n too_o who_o before_o stand_v at_o the_o most_o but_o in_o a_o neutrality_n and_o to_o the_o strike_v some_o terror_n in_o those_o who_o have_v be_v corrupt_v by_o their_o bribe_n i_o say_v that_o by_o divine_a assistance_n it_o prove_v sufficient_a for_o without_o that_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o have_v advance_v one_o step_n in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n as_o well_o for_o the_o vast_a gift_n and_o present_n whereby_o they_o have_v gain_v upon_o man_n who_o they_o have_v find_v capable_a of_o further_a their_o design_n as_o for_o the_o contrary_a penury_n on_o our_o side_n which_o lose_v we_o many_o advantage_n that_o we_o can_v otherwise_o have_v take_v for_o at_o peking_n as_o at_o old_a rome_n all_o thing_n be_v buy_v and_o sold._n we_o go_v often_o to_o the_o old_a church_n to_o confer_v with_o father_n john_n adam_n about_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o animate_v he_o to_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n with_o it_o for_o he_o have_v frequent_a access_n to_o the_o emperor_n ear_n i_o say_v to_o animate_v he_o not_o that_o he_o want_v either_o courage_n or_o good_a will_n but_o because_o as_o i_o have_v former_o write_v unto_o your_o lordship_n all_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n be_v entire_o act_v in_o the_o tribunal_n from_o whence_o alone_o the_o emperor_n be_v to_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o empire_n whereto_o he_o common_o conform_v himself_o yea_o sometime_o if_o he_o will_v he_o can_v alter_v the_o determination_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o six_o tribunal_n who_o be_v become_v the_o supreme_a legislator_n of_o that_o empire_n when_o homebred_a and_o domestic_a business_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o question_n and_o whereof_o the_o emperor_n have_v any_o knowledge_n though_o it_o be_v but_o small_a they_o common_o make_v their_o address_n to_o his_o majesty_n about_o it_o but_o of_o foreign_a business_n he_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o till_o they_o have_v finish_v it_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o thing_n of_o little_a danger_n to_o move_v the_o emperor_n in_o lest_o they_o who_o favour_v the_o hollander_n may_v be_v provoke_v to_o plead_v that_o what_o father_n john_n and_o we_o do_v proceed_v mere_o from_o envy_n and_o covetousness_n to_o defame_v the_o hollander_n because_o we_o will_v engross_v the_o trade_n of_o canton_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o portuguese_a exclude_v all_o other_o nation_n who_o probable_o may_v be_v more_o advantageous_a to_o this_o empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o father_n adam_n do_v adventure_v to_o speak_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v always_o high_o please_v to_o favour_v he_o and_o now_o to_o entertain_v his_o motion_n and_o for_o his_o sake_n to_o incline_v to_o our_o party_n and_o it_o please_v god_n so_o to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o gainsayer_n that_o none_o dare_v open_a after_o your_o lordship_n owe_v much_o to_o father_n john_n valleat_n who_o although_o he_o can_v not_o negotiate_v with_o any_o abroad_o out_o of_o the_o palace_n as_o he_o wish_v be_v yet_o very_o behoveful_a in_o his_o constant_a solicitation_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n exhort_v he_o to_o improve_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o emperor_n about_o our_o business_n and_o suggest_v many_o reason_n to_o he_o of_o its_o feasibleness_n and_o what_o he_o do_v herein_o we_o have_v extract_v out_o of_o a_o epistle_n from_o he_o to_o father_n visidore_n as_o follow_v the_o twelve_o of_o this_o present_a february_n i_o be_v with_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v please_v according_a to_o his_o wont_a to_o honour_v i_o with_o familiar_a discourse_n among_o other_o subject_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o hollander_n which_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o represent_v they_o in_o their_o proper_a colour_n and_o particular_o to_o admonish_v the_o emperor_n of_o that_o great_a lie_n wherewith_o they_o have_v arm_v themselves_o upon_o their_o come_n hither_o in_o the_o poud_a boast_n of_o their_o large_a dominion_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v legal_a and_o ancient_a owner_n of_o great_a territory_n when_o they_o the_o truth_n be_v be_v but_o violent_a possessor_n of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o a_o country_n which_o they_o at_o first_o have_v traitorous_o usurp_v and_o since_o rebellious_o defend_v from_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o thereupon_o become_v vagabond_n upon_o the_o sea_n there_o
he_o to_o have_v far_o exceed_v in_o virtue_n learning_n and_o integrity_n all_o other_o mortal_n that_o ever_o live_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o certain_o if_o his_o work_n which_o be_v extant_a in_o chinese_n book_n be_v mind_v with_o a_o due_a regard_n man_n must_v acknowledge_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o virtue_n in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n have_v to_o this_o day_n so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o his_o name_n that_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v write_v be_v never_o call_v in_o question_n but_o by_o all_o maintain_v for_o good_a have_v gain_v to_o itself_o the_o authority_n of_o ipse_fw-la dixit_fw-la in_o the_o school_n and_o not_o only_o the_o learned_a but_o the_o king_n also_o have_v ever_o since_o his_o death_n perpetuate_v his_o memory_n and_o record_v his_o name_n in_o their_o annal_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o learning_n they_o receive_v from_o he_o and_o such_o of_o his_o posterity_n as_o yet_o remain_v be_v to_o this_o day_n high_o respect_v by_o all_o and_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v ennoble_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o family_n with_o great_a title_n of_o honour_n and_o exempt_v they_o from_o pay_v any_o public_a tax_n or_o imposition_n nor_o do_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o chinese_n end_n here_o for_o they_o be_v great_a proficient_n in_o the_o art_n of_o astrology_n and_o in_o several_a other_o art_n and_o science_n as_o also_o heretofore_o in_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n in_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o they_o have_v of_o late_a year_n much_o decay_v insomuch_o that_o now_o the_o shopkeeper_n use_v board_n to_z tell_v upon_o which_o be_v full_a of_o holes_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o ready_a at_o it_o that_o with_o a_o peg_n they_o know_v how_o to_o cast_v up_o a_o account_n with_o as_o much_o method_n and_o expedition_n as_o the_o most_o skilful_a european_a with_o counter_n in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n star_n and_o constellation_n therein_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o from_o we_o of_o europe_n have_v add_v to_o their_o number_n more_o than_o be_v know_v to_o the_o most_o critical_a of_o our_o modern_a astronomer_n the_o stargazer_n be_v chief_o employ_v in_o prognosticate_a the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n eclipse_n and_o to_o observe_v the_o various_a course_n of_o the_o planetary_a motion_n but_o herein_o they_o be_v like_o themselves_o and_o brethren_n in_o the_o same_o art_n full_a of_o error_n and_o mistake_v as_o also_o in_o their_o astrological_a observation_n calculate_v of_o nativity_n horary_a question_n or_o the_o like_a concern_v good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n in_o their_o life_n as_o well_o as_o present_a success_n in_o their_o emergent_a occasion_n together_o with_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o barrenness_n of_o the_o ensue_a year_n for_o they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o main_a article_n of_o their_o belief_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o happen_v here_o upon_o earth_n depend_v upon_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n and_o be_v direct_v and_o order_v by_o the_o various_a signature_n of_o their_o several_a configuration_n of_o this_o fortune-telling_n part_n of_o the_o art_n of_o astrology_n trigautius_n the_o jesuit_n give_v this_o follow_a account_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o china_n have_v strict_o forbid_v this_o kind_n of_o learning_n to_o all_o but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_n by_o inheritance_n or_o be_v otherwise_o appoint_v and_o choose_v thereunto_o and_o this_o prohibition_n at_o first_o spring_v from_o fear_n lest_o any_o have_v obtain_v to_o the_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o that_o art_n shall_v by_o pretence_n thereof_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o erect_v any_o novelty_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o that_o the_o art_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o same_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v utter_o lose_v or_o neglect_v the_o say_a emperor_n maintain_v several_a stargazer_n at_o a_o very_a great_a charge_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n namely_o the_o celubden_n who_o live_v within_o the_o king_n palace_n and_o the_o imperial_a magistrate_n who_o live_v without_o both_o these_o have_v at_o present_a at_o peking_n two_o bench_n the_o one_o entitle_v the_o bench_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o make_v of_o almanac_n and_o prognostication_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n eclipse_n the_o other_o be_v of_o the_o saracener_n who_o study_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o be_v methodise_v according_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o western_a astrology_n after_o a_o time_n the_o judgement_n of_o both_o these_o bench_n be_v compare_v together_o and_o any_o difference_n or_o mistake_n of_o either_o or_o both_o be_v then_o rectify_v both_o these_o society_n have_v a_o convenient_a mansion_n provide_v for_o they_o upon_o a_o very_a high_a hill_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o view_v the_o star_n and_o raise_v observation_n from_o the_o same_o several_a old_a astrological_a instrument_n make_v of_o copper_n or_o brass_n be_v keep_v in_o this_o place_n every_o night_n one_o of_o the_o profession_n remain_v here_o to_o observe_v whether_o any_o new_a star_n appear_v in_o the_o firmament_n which_o might_n foretell_v some_o novelty_n and_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v he_o immediate_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o society_n and_o they_o communicate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o consult_v with_o he_o what_o it_o may_v portend_v and_o how_o relate_v to_o good_a or_o evil_n and_o this_o be_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o the_o astrologer_n at_o peking_n as_o to_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n they_o be_v very_o expert_a therein_o and_o their_o rule_n of_o art_n differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o of_o our_o european_a physician_n for_o first_o they_o feel_v the_o pulse_n like_o they_o and_o be_v very_o skilful_a in_o discover_v by_o the_o same_o the_o inward_a distemper_n of_o the_o body_n in_o each_o hand_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o six_o distinct_a beat_n of_o the_o same_o namely_o three_o high_a and_o three_o low_a which_o as_o they_o conceive_v have_v some_o secret_a coherence_n with_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o that_o of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o second_o to_o the_o liver_n of_o the_o the_o three_o to_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o four_o to_o the_o spleen_n of_o the_o five_o to_o the_o reins_o etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o may_v with_o the_o great_a certainty_n of_o judgement_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n they_o be_v at_o least_o half_a a_o hour_n in_o feel_v the_o pulse_n of_o the_o sick_a person_n when_o by_o the_o pulse_n they_o have_v find_v out_o the_o distemper_n then_o in_o order_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o the_o patient_n they_o apply_v and_o make_v use_n of_o several_a simple_n and_o root_n to_o say_v the_o truth_n they_o be_v general_o very_o well_o experience_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o several_a virtue_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o herb_n grow_v among_o they_o and_o this_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v no_o school_n in_o all_o china_n for_o the_o learning_n of_o physic_n but_o every_o master_n of_o family_n teach_v his_o servant_n and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o although_o in_o both_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o nank_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n of_o physic_n be_v not_o grant_v but_o after_o examination_n yet_o this_o degree_n when_o obtain_v do_v advance_v neither_o the_o honour_n or_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o few_o or_o none_o study_v physic_n but_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n because_o the_o very_a profession_n thereof_o which_o be_v so_o honourable_a in_o other_o place_n be_v there_o be_v no_o esteem_n nor_o add_v the_o least_o reputation_n to_o he_o that_o gain_v it_o but_o it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o with_o such_o as_o study_v philosophy_n for_o whosoever_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o perfection_n thereof_o be_v by_o they_o account_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o humane_a happiness_n attainable_a in_o this_o world_n the_o abovementioned_a confutius_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o chinese_n philosopher_n have_v collect_v into_o order_n all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o that_o kind_n and_o contract_v they_o into_o four_o great_a book_n to_o which_o he_o add_v a_o five_o of_o his_o own_o in_o which_o volume_n be_v teach_v rule_v oeconomical_a and_o political_a as_o well_o the_o way_n to_o live_v as_o to_o govern_v well_o as_o also_o the_o ancient_a example_n manner_n offering_n and_o several_a poem_n of_o ancient_a author_n but_o beside_o these_o five_o there_o be_v another_o great_a volume_n write_v by_o some_o of_o the_o disciple_n of_o confutius_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n and_o call_v the_o four_o book_n the_o last_o volume_n thus_o subdivide_v
the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v furnish_v with_o so_o many_o and_o those_o so_o potent_a nation_n and_o people_n unknown_a to_o they_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v eucompass_v with_o so_o large_a a_o ocean_n with_o so_o great_a a_o multiplicity_n of_o island_n here_o and_o there_o on_o every_o side_n scatter_v abroad_o and_o moreover_o that_o europe_n shall_v be_v situate_a so_o far_o off_o in_o the_o ultimate_a recess_n of_o the_o west_n disjoin_v by_o the_o interposal_n of_o so_o many_o land_n and_o sea_n resplendent_a for_o so_o many_o kingdom_n and_o monarch_n and_o more_o especial_o for_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n also_o that_o china_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o utmost_a corner_n of_o the_o east_n this_o indeed_o they_o admire_v at_o and_o be_v withal_o much_o displease_v that_o their_o empire_n beyond_o which_o they_o imagine_v nothing_o to_o be_v remain_v yea_o which_o be_v fix_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o jewel_n in_o a_o ring_n 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hence_o many_o book_n which_o deliver_v the_o fundamental_o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v write_v and_o disperse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o the_o incredible_a advantage_n of_o soul_n but_o the_o great_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n suffer_v not_o such_o a_o prey_n to_o be_v rescue_v from_o he_o for_o now_o place_n of_o residence_n be_v establish_v through_o the_o chief_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o church_n also_o erect_v unto_o the_o service_n of_o god_n by_o the_o envy_n and_o hatred_n of_o the_o bonzii_n that_o be_v their_o priest_n who_o be_v almost_o frantic_a at_o the_o so_o great_a advancement_n and_o propagation_n of_o the_o divine_a gospel_n so_o heavy_a a_o persecution_n be_v raise_v against_o our_o father_n and_o convert_v that_o often_o be_v clap_v up_o in_o prison_n and_o cruel_o torment_v and_o last_o by_o their_o withdraw_n and_o the_o total_a exilement_n of_o the_o christian_a profession_n so_o happy_a a_o progress_n of_o the_o faith_n be_v almost_o reduce_v unto_o the_o extreme_a hazard_n but_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o divine_a favour_n the_o constancy_n of_o our_o father_n the_o book_n publish_v by_o great_a person_n who_o they_o have_v gain_v unto_o christ_n and_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a authority_n they_o bear_v and_o the_o innocency_n of_o the_o father_n demonstrate_v by_o the_o detection_n of_o the_o calumny_n of_o the_o adversary_n they_o be_v restore_v unto_o their_o former_a liberty_n they_o learning_n from_o this_o one_o example_n that_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o another_o persecution_n shall_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o obscure_v the_o so_o famous_a fruit_n manage_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n no_o more_o than_o a_o shadow_n can_v put_v out_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o matter_n be_v again_o bring_v to_o this_o tranquillous_a condition_n christianity_n arise_v to_o so_o much_o the_o more_o height_n by_o how_o much_o it_o have_v be_v the_o more_o lowly_a and_o violent_o depress_v for_o the_o faith_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v itself_o throughout_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o also_o enter_v the_o palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o inviolable_a force_n of_o verity_n be_v such_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o son_n to_o the_o love_n of_o it_o by_o the_o pain_n of_o andrew_n cosler_n and_o austrian_a who_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o water_n of_o baptism_n the_o empress_n have_v the_o name_n of_o helena_n give_v she_o and_o her_o son_n that_o of_o constantine_n the_o chief_a minister_n of_o who_o court_n pan_n achilleus_n have_v also_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v a_o person_n mighty_o inflame_v with_o zeal_n to_o propagate_v the_o christian_a faith_n often_o solicit_v by_o ardent_a entreaty_n that_o letter_n may_v be_v send_v unto_o the_o pope_n and_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n for_o the_o send_n over_o of_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o laborer_n into_o china_n they_o have_v so_o great_a a_o devotion_n towards_o the_o apostolical_a see_v that_o what_o homage_n and_o obedience_n they_o can_v not_o perform_v in_o their_o own_o person_n they_o enjoin_v father_n michael_n boim_n to_o discharge_v at_o rome_n unto_o the_o pope_n in_o their_o stead_n thing_n thus_o prosperous_o succeed_v and_o according_a to_o the_o desire_n of_o all_o behold_v a_o new_a whirlwind_n with_o great_a violence_n from_o the_o north_n disturb_v the_o prosperous_a and_o fortunate_a transaction_n of_o the_o christian_a affair_n which_o be_v establish_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o broad_a seal_n of_o the_o emperor_n they_o hope_v may_v have_v enlarge_v the_o preach_a of_o the_o gospel_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o the_o tartar_n be_v allure_v or_o entice_v by_o the_o intestine_a or_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o break_v through_o
will_v not_o undertake_v any_o business_n contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o religious_a order_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o bind_v he_o with_o a_o absolute_a command_n to_o undertake_v this_o function_n and_o to_o add_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o second_o order_n unto_o the_o title_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o celestial_a secret_n in_o which_o office_n he_o have_v be_v employ_v for_o some_o year_n have_v daily_o increase_v his_o diligence_n and_o study_n and_o because_o he_o have_v a_o temple_n or_o church_n near_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n name_v xun_v i_o muen_v in_o which_o according_a to_o the_o rite_n of_o his_o law_n or_o religion_n he_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o god_n i_o therefore_o contribute_v some_o assistance_n unto_o he_o for_o the_o building_n and_o adorn_v of_o it_o and_o when_o i_o enter_v that_o temple_n i_o discern_v the_o image_n and_o utensil_n of_o it_o to_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o strange_a thing_n and_o when_o i_o have_v ask_v he_o what_o the_o book_n of_o his_o religion_n which_o i_o find_v on_o the_o table_n contain_v he_o answer_v that_o they_o contain_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o divine_a law_n indeed_o although_o i_o have_v first_o apply_v my_o study_n to_o the_o doctrine_n or_o religion_n yao_n xun_fw-fr cheu_n and_o learn_v some_o thing_n out_o of_o their_o book_n come_v cuckoe_n and_o albeit_o i_o have_v read_v somewhat_o in_o the_o book_n foe_n and_o tau_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o can_v remember_v nothing_o contain_v in_o they_o and_o see_v i_o can_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o my_o kingdom_n hitherto_o peruse_v the_o book_n of_o this_o divine_a law_n but_o only_o cursory_o therefore_o i_o can_v pass_v a_o exact_a judgement_n out_o of_o they_o concern_v the_o law_n but_o if_o you_o reflect_v upon_o or_o consider_v father_n john_n adam_n who_o for_o many_o year_n have_v be_v conversant_a with_o the_o chinese_n and_o with_o we_o follow_v this_o law_n and_o preach_v the_o same_o than_o i_o judge_v and_o esteem_v it_o the_o best_a for_o john_n adam_n do_v so_o reverence_v his_o god_n that_o he_o have_v dedicate_v this_o temple_n unto_o he_o with_o so_o great_a modesty_n and_o integrity_n for_o so_o many_o year_n always_o conform_v himself_o in_o the_o same_o method_n of_o this_o law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o least_o point_n vary_v from_o it_o this_o indeed_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o law_n be_v most_o perfect_a in_o which_o john_n adam_n show_v himself_o of_o most_o approve_a virtue_n and_o fulfil_v that_o exact_o by_o his_o fidelity_n which_o that_o law_n teach_v or_o command_v viz._n to_o serve_v god_n to_o obey_v king_n and_o magistrate_n to_o do_v no_o wrong_n to_o any_o person_n and_o to_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o our_o neighbour_n and_o will_v to_o god_n that_o all_o my_o magistrate_n officer_n and_o subject_n will_v imitate_v this_o his_o method_n in_o serve_v of_o god_n and_o keep_v of_o this_o his_o divine_a law_n and_o at_o a_o long_a distance_n will_v but_o shadow_v this_o in_o the_o homage_n they_o owe_v unto_o their_o emperor_n without_o doubt_v it_o will_v fall_v out_o better_o and_o far_o more_o happy_o with_o i_o and_o my_o whole_a empire_n as_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o praise_v and_o great_o approve_v of_o this_o his_o belief_n and_o law_n which_o he_o follow_v and_o therefore_o in_o a_o perpetual_a commemoration_n i_o affix_v this_o title_n to_o his_o church_n tum_o hiven_fw-mi hia_fw-mi kim_n that_o be_v the_o excellent_a place_n for_o ascend_v to_o heaven_n give_v at_o peking_n the_o seven_o year_n of_o our_o empire_n this_o patent_n write_v in_o the_o chinesian_n and_o tartar_a language_n and_o character_n on_o a_o black_a table_n by_o a_o polite_a and_o elegant_a hand_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o study_n or_o gallery_n and_o the_o tartar_a character_n do_v indeed_o resemble_v the_o form_n of_o the_o syriack_n whole_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o chinese_n now_o on_o what_o occasion_n the_o tartar_n grant_v this_o privilege_n be_v relate_v before_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a what_o affection_n so_o great_a a_o monarch_n have_v for_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o how_o much_o he_o endeavour_v the_o promotion_n and_o promulgation_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o embrace_v of_o it_o himself_o confess_v the_o only_a obstacle_n of_o his_o conversion_n be_v polygamy_n which_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n to_o the_o custom_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o heathen_a prince_n make_v they_o boggle_v at_o first_o and_o then_o fly_v from_o that_o true_a faith_n they_o be_v ready_a to_o receive_v to_o the_o perdition_n of_o their_o soul_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n from_o this_o most_o ardent_a propensity_n of_o the_o emperor_n unto_o our_o religion_n religion_n immediate_o there_o succeed_v a_o great_a conversion_n of_o the_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o eunuch_n and_o mandorin_n the_o christian_a law_n be_v spread_v abroad_o in_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n there_o be_v gather_v into_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o church_n almost_o eighty_o thousand_o convert_v but_o all_o this_o flourish_a and_o bloom_a spring_n be_v blast_v in_o the_o bud_n by_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o the_o emperor_n he_o not_o obtain_v that_o eternal_a salvation_n which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v on_o the_o behalf_n of_o other_o and_o although_o oftentimes_o he_o request_v the_o ghostly_a assistance_n of_o father_n adam_n yet_o by_o the_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n of_o the_o lamas_n and_o bonzii_n who_o stand_v before_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o last_o conflict_n of_o life_n and_o death_n it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o all_o address_n to_o he_o be_v obstruct_v till_o it_o be_v too_o late_o for_o be_v frustrate_a of_o his_o hope_n who_o he_o think_v alive_a he_o to_o his_o incredible_a sorrow_n find_v dead_a now_o when_o his_o funeral_n rite_n be_v perform_v a_o pile_n be_v make_v of_o precious_a wood_n the_o treasure_n of_o so_o wealthy_a a_o prince_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o flame_n with_o the_o dead_a corpse_n which_o put_v a_o end_n to_o his_o imperial_a magnificence_n and_o grandeur_n the_o son_n of_o this_o decease_a emperor_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n who_o as_o he_o be_v under_o the_o discipline_n and_o tuition_n of_o father_n adam_n be_v whole_o commit_v unto_o his_o care_n by_o the_o emperor_n so_o he_o deve_v not_o himself_o of_o that_o innate_a affection_n which_o he_o have_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o our_o religious_a father_n now_o how_o much_o the_o christian_n concern_v be_v augment_v under_o these_o emperor_n in_o respect_n of_o former_a time_n be_v evident_o show_v by_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o new_a erect_v and_o consecrate_a church_n at_o peking_n which_o as_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o conclusion_n the_o inscription_n of_o the_o church_n of_o peking_n belong_v to_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n after_o the_o faith_n introduce_v by_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n jesus_n and_o after_o the_o same_o be_v again_o and_o that_o more_o large_o propagate_v by_o the_o syrian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n tamburlaine_n the_o same_o be_v again_o the_o three_o time_n divulge_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o regency_n of_o the_o emperor_n mim_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o st._n francis_n xavier_n and_o father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n both_o by_o preach_v and_o book_n publish_v in_o the_o chinesian_a tongue_n perform_v with_o great_a study_n and_o labour_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o nation_n not_o altogether_o with_o equal_a success_n the_o empire_n be_v now_o devolve_v unto_o the_o tartar_n the_o same_o society_n for_o a_o conclusion_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o restore_v the_o calendar_n call_v the_o xi_o of_o hien_n lie_v have_v public_o place_v and_o dedicate_v this_o temple_n to_o the_o most_o high_a god_n at_o peking_n the_o royal_a city_n and_o palace_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n anno_fw-la 1650._o and_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o xun_n chi._n father_n john_n adam_n schall_n of_o zell_n a_o german_a professor_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o author_n of_o the_o forementioned_a calendar_n out_o of_o the_o labour_n of_o his_o hand_n bequeathe_v this_o temple_n and_o his_o patience_n unto_o posterity_n p._n matthaeus_n riccius_n macerat_fw-la of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n the_o first_o propagator_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o the_o kingdo_n of_o cluna_n lie_v paulus_n great_a colaus_n of_o the_o chinese_n propagator_n of_o y_fw-fr christian_n lâ—w._n p._n adam_n schaliger_n a_o german_a mandarin_n of_o y_z first_o order_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o correction_n of_o the_o chinese_n
ornament_n to_o the_o place_n for_o from_o the_o water-gate_n go_v direct_o on_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n i_o tell_v in_o that_o line_n only_o no_o less_o than_o thirteen_o stately_a triumphal_a arch_n make_v of_o hew_a stone_n which_o be_v so_o set_v out_o with_o figure_n and_o inscription_n in_o carve_a work_n that_o all_o who_o behold_v they_o admire_v they_o as_o wonder_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a ornament_n wherewith_o the_o chineses_n adorn_v their_o city_n i_o have_v for_o the_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o workmanship_n set_v before_o you_o the_o follow_v print_v draught_n of_o one_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v take_v a_o full_a view_n of_o every_o part_n and_o so_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v general_o build_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n these_o arch_n be_v common_o build_v with_o three_o story_n so_o artificial_o that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o say_v that_o neither_o wit_n nor_o ingenuity_n be_v want_v in_o their_o contrivance_n round_o about_o the_o pillar_n and_o in_o other_o place_n be_v write_v several_a chinese_n character_n and_o also_o cut_v several_a flower_n beast_n bird_n and_o other_o curious_a ornament_n as_o i_o suppose_v emblematical_a that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a city_n i_o here_o present_a two_o draught_n the_o one_o the_o prospect_n as_o upon_o the_o water_n the_o other_o ichnographical_a of_o their_o street_n ground-plat_n temple_n wall_n castle_n house_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o they_o say_v this_o city_n before_o the_o last_o war_n be_v so_o wondrous_a populous_a and_o full_a of_o traffic_n that_o daily_o there_o be_v at_o least_o five_o or_o six_o man_n crowd_v to_o death_n in_o pass_v through_o the_o gate_n which_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o incredible_a if_o you_o consider_v the_o number_n of_o the_o adjacent_a village_n which_o abound_v with_o people_n constant_o resort_v thither_o this_o city_n have_v be_v twice_o subdue_v by_o arm_n and_o they_o say_v that_o in_o the_o last_o siege_n there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o men._n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o in_o short_a what_o happen_v to_o canton_n during_o that_o terrible_a and_o bloody_a invasion_n after_o that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o china_n except_o some_o few_o sea-town_n they_o fall_v with_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n into_o this_o province_n of_o quantung_n that_o hardly_o any_o city_n how_o strong_a and_o populous_a soever_o dare_v withstand_v they_o but_o every_o one_o endeavour_v for_o prevention_n of_o her_o total_a ruin_n to_o receive_v the_o conqueror_n upon_o the_o best_a term_n they_o can_v this_o canton_n rely_v upon_o her_o invincible_a fort_n and_o castle_n only_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o tartar_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n do_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n but_o that_o which_o chief_o give_v they_o a_o resolution_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v one_o iquon_n on_o their_o side_n who_o command_v a_o powerful_a fleet_n whereby_o he_o daily_o furnish_v the_o city_n with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n which_o the_o tartar_n can_v not_o hinder_v want_v sea-force_n and_o be_v unskilful_a in_o maritime_a affair_n but_o the_o besieger_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n spare_v neither_o pain_n nor_o cost_n to_o reduce_v it_o by_o force_n they_o storm_v the_o city_n three_o time_n but_o be_v courageous_o beat_v off_o by_o the_o besiege_a with_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o arms._n this_o brave_a defence_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v the_o siege_n to_o last_v a_o whole_a year_n and_o their_o strong_a garrison_n enable_v they_o to_o make_v so_o many_o sally_n upon_o the_o besieger_n that_o they_o at_o last_o find_v themselves_o necessitate_v either_o to_o make_v one_o general_a assault_n with_o their_o whole_a army_n or_o else_o as_o baffle_v to_o raise_v their_o leaguer_n the_o ground_n plat_v of_o kanton_a a_o a_o pagode_n temple_n b._n a_o fort_n c._n the_o land_n gate_n d_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n e_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tartar_n be_v exercise_v f_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o tartar_n g._n a_o fair_a chinese_n tower_n h._n the_o old_a king_n palace_n i._o the_o young_a king_n palace_n k._n the_o first_o watergate_n l_o second_o watergate_n m._n the_o ambassador_n house_n n._n artillery_n house_n o._n the_o plain_a where_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v p._n two_o water_n châ—tlas_n q._n the_o dutsh-ship_n the_o vice-roys_n who_o govern_v over_o this_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o be_v there_o have_v then_o the_o chief_a command_n over_o the_o tartar_n these_o endeavour_v to_o corrupt_v the_o governor_n of_o canton_n with_o great_a promise_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n signify_v withal_o unto_o he_o these_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v consider_v into_o what_o extreme_a danger_n he_o be_v bring_v and_o what_o disaster_n be_v hang_v over_o his_o head_n that_o if_o so_o be_v he_o either_o love_v himself_o or_o his_o relation_n he_o shall_v forthwith_o surrender_v the_o city_n and_o this_o his_o favour_n they_o promise_v to_o requite_v with_o eternal_a friendship_n high_a preferment_n and_o forty_o thousand_o toel_n of_o silver_n the_o pusillanimous_a and_o faithless_a chinese_n governor_n whether_o that_o his_o heart_n misgive_v he_o or_o the_o money_n and_o large_o promise_v tempt_v the_o man_n so_o it_o be_v that_o though_o he_o may_v very_o well_o have_v defend_v the_o city_n yet_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o honour_n he_o make_v a_o promise_n to_o the_o same_o tartarian_a commander_n to_o set_v open_a a_o gate_n to_o the_o besieger_n at_o a_o appoint_a hour_n which_o according_o he_o perform_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n 1650._o when_o the_o tartar_n upon_o this_o advantage_n rush_v with_o their_o whole_a army_n into_o the_o city_n which_o be_v soon_o subdue_v by_o they_o the_o besiege_a not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v any_o resistance_n for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o tartar_n horse_n get_v in_o but_o they_o ride_v with_o great_a swiftness_n through_o all_o the_o street_n to_o hinder_v the_o chinese_n from_o gather_v together_o and_o though_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o tartar_n yet_o they_o effect_v nothing_o be_v in_o disorder_n and_o surprise_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o their_o governor_n so_o that_o the_o best_a course_n any_o can_v use_v be_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n the_o whole_a tartar_n army_n be_v get_v into_o the_o city_n the_o place_n be_v soon_o turn_v to_o a_o map_n of_o misery_n for_o every_o one_o begin_v to_o tear_v break_v and_o carry_v away_o whatsoever_o he_o can_v lay_v hand_n on_o the_o cry_n of_o woman_n child_n and_o age_a people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o exceed_v all_o noise_n of_o such_o loud_a distraction_n so_o that_o from_o the_o 26._o of_o november_n to_o the_o 15._o of_o december_n there_o be_v hear_v no_o other_o cry_n in_o the_o street_n but_o strike_v kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o rebellious_a barbarian_n all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o woeful_a lamentation_n murder_n and_o rapine_n those_o that_o be_v able_a to_o ransom_n buy_v their_o life_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o so_o escape_v the_o fury_n of_o these_o inhuman_a slaughterer_n at_o last_o the_o vice-roys_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n upon_o the_o six_o of_o winter-month_n do_v strict_o forbid_v any_o such_o cruel_a murder_n to_o be_v commit_v thenceforward_a i_o be_v credible_o inform_v that_o during_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o day_n above_o eight_o thousand_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o the_o tartar_n some_o among_o which_o the_o jesuit_n martinus_n be_v one_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n say_v that_o there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o which_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a number_n there_o pen_v up_o but_o although_o this_o city_n be_v thus_o lamentable_o lay_v waste_n yet_o through_o the_o great_a care_n of_o the_o vice-roys_n it_o be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o restore_v to_o its_o former_a lustre_n after_o that_o the_o ambassador_n have_v be_v three_o week_n aboard_o without_o come_v ashore_o all_o that_o while_n they_o have_v leave_v give_v to_o land_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n and_o be_v most_o noble_o receive_v in_o their_o former_a lodging_n but_o yet_o be_v so_o narrow_o guard_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o foot-soldier_n that_o they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v into_o the_o street_n two_o day_n after_o there_o come_v a_o mandorin_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o viceroy_n who_o propose_v to_o they_o that_o they_o to_o obtain_v their_o end_n in_o china_n can_v not_o present_a and_o give_v to_o the_o emperor_n council_n
how_o to_o express_v the_o highness_n or_o lowness_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o mark_n must_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v write_v in_o our_o letter_n and_o mark_v with_o these_o mark_n be_v several_o pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o intend_v several_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n a_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o signify_v god_n and_o with_o this_o mark_n over_o it_o yá_n a_o wall_n and_o yà _fw-la with_o this_o mark_n signify_v dumbness_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o help_n the_o chinese_n language_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o be_v learn_v and_o understand_v as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o double_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o also_o because_o that_o in_o this_o language_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a number_n of_o letter_n but_o every_o business_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n must_v be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n which_o give_v not_o only_o a_o infinite_a trouble_n to_o those_o that_o will_v learn_v it_o but_o cause_v a_o vast_a expense_n of_o time_n take_v up_o ten_o or_o twenty_o year_n before_o a_o man_n can_v attain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o speak_v and_o write_v this_o mysterious_a language_n wherein_o the_o native_n themselves_z know_v far_o better_a how_o to_o express_v their_o mind_n in_o writing_n than_o by_o speak_v but_o in_o regard_n i_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o character_n and_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n i_o will_v add_v in_o a_o few_o word_n in_o what_o manner_n they_o place_v they_o and_o herein_o they_o quite_o differ_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o europe_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o nation_n hereof_o peter_n jarcius_fw-la thus_o in_o his_o treasury_n of_o indian_a thing_n the_o chinese_n say_v he_o do_v not_o write_v from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n as_o the_o european_n nor_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a as_o the_o hebrean_o but_o they_o begin_v from_o the_o right_a side_n above_o and_o write_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o they_o put_v the_o one_o character_n under_o the_o other_o and_o not_o one_o after_o another_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o when_o the_o line_n be_v full_a from_o top_n to_o bottom_n than_o they_o begin_v again_o at_o the_o top_n of_o another_o line_n and_o by_o degree_n go_v down_o again_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o indeed_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n in_o this_o particular_a the_o chinese_n differ_v from_o all_o other_o who_o absolute_o write_v after_o another_o manner_n for_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o know_a world_n but_o four_o several_a way_n of_o write_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o place_v the_o letter_n the_o first_o be_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a side_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v write_v the_o book_n of_o the_o hebrean_o chaldean_n syrian_n arabian_n and_o egyptian_n the_o second_o be_v from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right_a side_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n the_o greek_a and_o latin_a book_n be_v write_v and_o so_o write_v at_o present_a all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n the_o three_o sort_n of_o write_v be_v in_o the_o greek_a call_v bustrophedon_n which_o signify_v to_o plough_n with_o ox_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v be_v do_v just_a as_o the_o ox_n make_v furrow_n with_o the_o blow_n namely_o to_o begin_v the_o second_o line_n where_o the_o first_o end_v this_o way_n of_o write_v as_o pausanius_n relate_v be_v use_v by_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o so_o as_o be_v report_v be_v write_v the_o law_n of_o solon_n the_o four_o and_o last_o way_n of_o write_v be_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v as_o have_v be_v say_v the_o chineses_n use_n and_o some_o of_o the_o savage_a indian_n but_o although_o this_o manner_n of_o write_v whereby_o each_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o a_o particular_a character_n be_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o memory_n yet_o it_o be_v of_o very_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o people_n who_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o language_n from_o each_o other_o for_o hereby_o they_o be_v able_a to_o read_v the_o book_n and_o letter_n of_o each_o other_o if_o they_o use_v common_a character_n in_o write_v though_o the_o one_o do_v in_o no_o wise_n understand_v the_o other_o in_o speak_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v that_o those_o of_o japan_n corea_n couchen-china_n use_v one_o and_o the_o same_o book_n though_o they_o differ_v so_o very_a much_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n that_o one_o can_v understand_v a_o word_n the_o other_o say_v yet_o they_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o most_o indifferent_a reader_n no_o otherwise_o skilled_a than_o in_o the_o vulgar_a idiom_n of_o his_o mother-tongue_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o of_o wonder_n that_o although_o the_o several_a native_n in_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n differ_v infinite_o each_o from_o other_o in_o their_o several_a dialect_n so_o that_o their_o vary_v of_o language_n make_v they_o seem_v as_o stranger_n among_o themselves_o their_o tongue_n be_v useless_a member_n to_o their_o intelect_a yet_o in_o their_o book_n one_o general_n character_n be_v use_v so_o that_o the_o same_o be_v equal_o intelligible_a throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confusion_n of_o language_n in_o the_o several_a province_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v there_o be_v yet_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n another_o common_a tongue_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v quinhoa_n which_o signify_v the_o court_n or_o mandorin_n chinese_n and_o this_o at_o first_o take_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o magistrate_n or_o mandorin_n reside_v in_o the_o respective_a province_n whereto_o they_o be_v send_v with_o a_o superintendent_n authority_n for_o come_v thither_o as_o stranger_n and_o esteem_v it_o below_o their_o greatness_n to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o learn_v any_o other_o tongue_n this_o courtly_a mandorin_n language_n be_v introduce_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n wherein_o not_o only_o all_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o law_n be_v dispatch_v but_o likewise_o all_o person_n of_o rank_n or_o quality_n use_v the_o same_o so_o that_o it_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o latin_a in_o europe_n or_o lingua_n franca_n among_o the_o turk_n and_o this_o be_v the_o language_n that_o stranger_n merchant_n and_o other_o learn_v when_o they_o come_v into_o those_o part_n this_o court-speech_n though_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o for_o number_n of_o letter_n yet_o it_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o 362_o word_n so_o that_o the_o shortness_n or_o conciseness_n of_o this_o courtly_a or_o more_o modish_a manner_n of_o speak_v make_v it_o flow_v so_o pleasant_o from_o the_o tongue_n that_o it_o pass_v for_o sweet_a elocution_n almost_o all_o other_o language_n yet_o know_v as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o manner_n of_o take_v a_o thing_n either_o with_o the_o whole_a hand_n or_o with_o one_o or_o two_o finger_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o add_v the_o word_n take_v but_o the_o chinese_n do_v express_v the_o same_o quite_o otherwise_o for_o each_o substantive_n as_o a_o cup_n or_o pot_n signify_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v as_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v it_o thus_o nien_z signify_v to_o take_v with_o two_o finger_n tzo_n with_o one_o and_o chua_n with_o the_o whole_a hand_n the_o same_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o word_n stand_v we_o say_v to_o stand_v in_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v eat_v to_o stand_v sleep_v but_o they_o have_v a_o word_n which_o denote_v the_o infinitive_n verb_n to_o stand_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o stand_v so_o likewise_o when_o we_o will_v express_v the_o leg_n of_o a_o man_n or_o of_o a_o bird_n we_o always_o add_v the_o same_o word_n leg_n but_o the_o chineses_n express_v it_o all_o in_o one_o for_o kio_n be_v a_o man_n leg_n chua_n a_o bird_n and_o thy_o the_o foot_n of_o any_o creature_n among_o all_o the_o several_a noble_a art_n and_o science_n wherewith_o the_o european_n be_v ennoble_v the_o chineses_n have_v only_o some_o insight_n into_o that_o of_o philosophy_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a thing_n be_v much_o more_o obscure_v among_o they_o by_o several_a interpose_a error_n than_o any_o way_n enlighten_v the_o great_a philosopher_n of_o all_o that_o nation_n be_v one_o confutius_n bear_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o one_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n and_o live_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o above_o seventy_o year_n that_o not_o only_o by_o example_n but_o also_o by_o his_o write_n and_o conversation_n he_o stir_v up_o all_o other_o to_o imitate_v he_o in_o a_o virtuous_a and_o orderly_a course_n of_o life_n whereby_o he_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o esteem_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o believe_v
treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a with_o those_o other_o five_o and_o these_o nine_o book_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o china_n among_o the_o bookseller_n out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v and_o certain_o therein_o be_v contain_v most_o excellent_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o such_o as_o have_v prove_v to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n that_o whosoever_o will_v be_v a_o learned_a man_n or_o so_o repute_v must_v extract_v the_o principal_a groundwork_n of_o his_o learning_n from_o these_o book_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o must_v likewise_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n and_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o a_o eminent_a pitch_n of_o learning_n there_o be_v no_o public_a school_n in_o all_o china_n though_o some_o writer_n have_v erroneous_o tell_v we_o the_o contrary_a but_o every_o person_n choose_v his_o own_o master_n by_o who_o he_o be_v teach_v in_o his_o house_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o teach_v the_o chinese_n character_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o vast_a number_n and_o variety_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o to_o teach_v many_o several_a person_n and_o therefore_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n take_v a_o instructor_n into_o his_o house_n for_o his_o child_n of_o who_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o to_o learn_v they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o one_o tutor_n can_v well_o teach_v all_o such_o as_o be_v find_v upon_o examination_n to_o have_v make_v good_a progress_n in_o philosophy_n arise_v to_o promotion_n by_o three_o degree_n of_o learning_n the_o first_o be_v call_v sieucai_n the_o second_o kiugin_n the_o three_o cinfu_n the_o 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graduate_n they_o enjoy_v likewise_o several_a honourable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o the_o government_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a chineses_n be_v prefer_v be_v call_v kiugin_n which_o be_v give_v with_o much_o more_o state_n than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v confer_v only_o upon_o such_o as_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o deserve_v and_o this_o promotion_n be_v make_v but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n and_o perform_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o each_o capital_a city_n be_v a_o great_a and_o well-built_a palace_n encompass_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o scholar_n in_o this_o place_n be_v several_a apartment_n and_o mansion_n for_o the_o use_n of_o examiner_n when_o they_o come_v to_o supervise_v the_o scholar_n work_n beside_o these_o apartment_n there_o be_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o cell_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palace_n but_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v only_o contain_v only_o one_o person_n a_o little_a table_n and_o a_o bench_n in_o these_o no_o one_o can_v speak_v to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o be_v see_v by_o he_o when_o the_o king_n examiner_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o city_n they_o be_v lock_v up_o apart_o in_o this_o palace_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o discourse_n with_o any_o whatsoever_o while_o they_o be_v there_o when_o the_o time_n of_o examination_n be_v come_v to_o which_o be_v appoint_v three_o whole_a day_n namely_o the_o nine_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n then_o be_v the_o write_n of_o the_o scholar_n with_o great_a judgement_n narrow_o examine_v and_o several_a question_n propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o the_o three_o degree_n be_v call_v cinsu_n and_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n law_n or_o physic_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o be_v confer_v likewise_o every_o three_o year_n and_o to_o they_o only_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n to_o this_o honour_n can_v only_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n arrive_v and_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v choose_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n examiner_n in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o state_n as_o the_o former_a and_o such_o as_o attain_v to_o this_o height_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o learning_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o people_n chap._n iii_o of_o several_a chinese_n handicraft-trade_n comedian_n juggler_n and_o beggar_n the_o chineses_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o some_o experience_n and_o skill_n in_o architecture_n although_o for_o neatness_n and_o polite_a curiosity_n their_o building_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o in_o europe_n neither_o be_v their_o edifice_n so_o costly_a or_o durable_a in_o regard_n they_o proportion_v their_o house_n to_o the_o shortness_n of_o life_n build_v as_o they_o say_v for_o themselves_o not_o for_o other_o and_o this_o sure_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o chinese_n can_v comprehend_v nor_o imagine_v the_o costly_a and_o princely_a palace_n which_o be_v in_o europe_n and_o when_o they_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o some_o of_o the_o say_a edifice_n have_v stand_v for_o many_o age_n they_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v amaze_v thereat_o but_o if_o they_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o such_o continuance_n they_o will_v rather_o applaud_v and_o imitate_v than_o wonder_n for_o that_o which_o make_v our_o building_n last_o so_o long_o be_v because_o we_o make_v deep_a foundation_n whereas_o in_o china_n they_o dig_v no_o foundation_n at_o all_o but_o lay_v the_o stone_n even_o with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o build_v high_a and_o heavy_a tower_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o soon_o decay_v and_o require_v daily_a reparation_n neither_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o house_n in_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n or_o rest_n upon_o wooden_a pillar_n yet_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n as_o in_o europe_n and_o be_v contrive_v commodious_o within_o though_o not_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n without_o however_o by_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v keep_v very_o clean_a and_o neat_a their_o temple_n be_v most_o curious_o build_v some_o whereof_o in_o solitary_a place_n near_o the_o highway_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o traveller_n they_o be_v hang_v full_a of_o image_n and_o heavy_a lamp_n which_o burn_v continual_o in_o memory_n of_o one_o or_o other_o that_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o these_o people_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o several_a science_n by_o their_o early_a be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o print_v for_o though_o those_o of_o europe_n do_v therein_o exceed_v the_o chineses_n have_v reduce_v the_o same_o to_o more_o exactness_n and_o certain_a method_n yet_o say_v trigautius_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n the_o use_n of_o the_o printing-press_n be_v much_o soon_o in_o china_n than_o in_o europe_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o five_o age_n past_a nay_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o use_v print_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n mercator_n in_o his_o great_a atlas_n write_v that_o the_o printing-press_n and_o the_o use_n of_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n in_o china_n that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o they_o all_o which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v too_o large_a in_o say_v that_o that_o printing_n have_v be_v use_v by_o they_o ever_o since_o their_o country_n have_v be_v call_v the_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n of_o china_n
find_v guilty_a of_o robbery_n he_o be_v brand_v upon_o the_o arm_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n with_o two_o character_n if_o the_o three_o time_n he_o be_v brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n but_o if_o he_o commit_v the_o like_a fault_n the_o four_o time_n he_o be_v then_o whip_v and_o banish_v this_o neglect_n of_o punish_v rogue_n for_o steal_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o china_n do_v swarm_v so_o very_a much_o with_o thief_n and_o vagrant_n but_o since_o the_o tartar_n have_v be_v conqueror_n of_o this_o empire_n they_o have_v with_o great_a prudence_n and_o strictness_n redress_v those_o abuse_n and_o put_v the_o law_n in_o force_n against_o all_o offender_n insomuch_o that_o when_o i_o be_v in_o china_n petty_a offence_n be_v make_v criminal_a for_o he_o that_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o least_o fault_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o sentence_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o one_o be_v condemn_v to_o die_v his_o hand_n be_v bind_v behind_o he_o with_o a_o board_n upon_o his_o back_n whereon_o be_v write_v his_o offence_n and_o so_o bind_v he_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o sheriff_n into_o a_o open_a place_n according_a to_o custom_n either_o within_o or_o without_o the_o city_n and_o there_o he_o be_v behead_v without_o any_o further_a ceremony_n if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o be_v pardon_v and_o have_v their_o life_n spare_v they_o they_o be_v punish_v with_o that_o extreme_a severity_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o undergo_v the_o torture_n which_o they_o must_v suffer_v to_o preserve_v their_o life_n which_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n two_o lusty_a fellow_n be_v command_v to_o beat_v the_o criminal_a upon_o the_o calf_n of_o his_o leg_n till_o all_o the_o sinew_n and_o nerve_n be_v miserable_o tear_v and_o bruise_v if_o not_o break_v and_o this_o be_v their_o ordinary_a method_n of_o punishment_n which_o be_v inflict_v without_o any_o distinction_n of_o person_n now_o as_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a to_o prevent_v all_o disorder_n and_o robbery_n which_o stir_v up_o this_o severity_n there_o be_v strict_a watch_n keep_v every_o night_n in_o the_o street_n which_o go_v the_o round_n through_o the_o city_n at_o certain_a hour_n as_o the_o guard_n 〈◊〉_d use_v to_o do_v in_o the_o best_a govern_v city_n of_o europe_n chap._n v._n of_o their_o ceremony_n and_o manner_n of_o burial_n and_o of_o their_o tomb_n or_o monument_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o chineses_n may_v be_v compare_v in_o many_o thing_n which_o concern_v their_o manner_n of_o live_v with_o the_o philosopher_n and_o virtuoso_n of_o europe_n but_o they_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o thing_n relate_v to_o funeral_n among_o which_o this_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o first_o that_o those_o of_o europe_n seldom_o think_v of_o their_o mortality_n and_o so_o consequent_o take_v little_a or_o no_o care_n of_o their_o burial_n while_o they_o be_v live_v but_o the_o chineses_n be_v in_o nothing_o more_o serious_a and_o solicitous_a than_o to_o provide_v for_o their_o interment_n whilst_o they_o live_v and_o be_v in_o perfect_a health_n and_o that_o ignorance_n may_v be_v no_o excuse_n they_o put_v down_o in_o write_v how_o they_o will_v have_v the_o same_o perform_v strict_o charge_v their_o child_n upon_o their_o deathbed_n and_o and_o even_o at_o their_o last_o gasp_n to_o observe_v their_o order_n now_o there_o be_v one_o custom_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n inviolable_o observe_v which_o be_v never_o to_o bury_v any_o one_o without_o a_o coffin_n though_o it_o be_v a_o child_n but_o of_o two_o day_n old_a for_o every_o person_n according_a to_o his_o quality_n be_v lay_v into_o a_o coffin_n make_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o wood_n their_o ability_n will_v reach_v to_o but_o person_n of_o more_o eminency_n be_v at_o far_o great_a charge_n for_o a_o rich_a repository_n for_o their_o poor_a carcase_n the_o first_o ceremony_n they_o observe_v when_o they_o perceive_v the_o patient_n to_o lie_v a_o die_a be_v this_o they_o take_v he_o and_o lay_v he_o upon_o a_o mat_n carry_v he_o into_o the_o outward_a hall_n of_o the_o house_n there_o to_o breathe_v his_o last_o and_o this_o custom_n though_o it_o carry_v somewhat_o of_o barbarism_n in_o it_o be_v observe_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o commonalty_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n i_o can_v never_o learn_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o diligence_n of_o my_o curious_a and_o pry_a inquiry_n but_o among_o the_o better_a sort_n a_o person_n of_o equal_a quality_n with_o themselves_o be_v suffer_v to_o die_v in_o bed_n another_o fantastic_a humour_n here_o be_v whilst_o the_o sick_a party_n be_v breathe_v forth_o his_o last_o the_o elder_a of_o his_o son_n put_v on_o his_o bonnet_n or_o cap_n and_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n in_o a_o distract_a manner_n tear_v the_o curtain_n and_o cover_v therewith_o the_o dead_a body_n which_o after_o it_o have_v lie_v a_o convenient_a time_n be_v wash_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o wrap_v either_o in_o very_o fine_a linen_n or_o silk_n some_o be_v yet_o more_o extravagant_a and_o will_v dress_v out_o the_o corpse_n with_o new_a clothes_n and_o after_o they_o be_v embalm_v set_v they_o at_o a_o table_n well_o furnish_v with_o provision_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o this_o a_o great_a but_o not_o much_o commendable_a fashion_n among_o the_o grandee_n the_o near_a relation_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v invite_v to_o this_o solemn_a though_o mournful_a entertainment_n who_o entreat_v he_o to_o eat_v and_o be_v merry_a with_o they_o as_o if_o he_o be_v live_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o priest_n be_v busy_v in_o sing_v and_o perform_a the_o other_o usual_a ceremony_n as_o to_o the_o mourn_a habit_n it_o differ_v from_o all_o country_n that_o i_o have_v see_v not_o only_o for_o its_o colour_n which_o general_o be_v white_a but_o for_o the_o form_n and_o shape_n of_o it_o for_o son_n when_o they_o mourn_v for_o their_o father_n they_o clothe_v themselves_o for_o the_o first_o month_n in_o a_o course_n stiff_a habit_n hang_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n and_o tie_v about_o the_o middle_a with_o a_o cord_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o the_o franciscan_a order_n but_o although_o they_o lie_v aside_o that_o habit_n then_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o constant_a custom_n for_o child_n to_o mourn_v three_o year_n for_o their_o parent_n the_o reason_n whereof_o they_o allege_v in_o their_o book_n to_o be_v this_o because_o that_o parent_n carry_v their_o child_n for_o the_o three_o first_o year_n of_o their_o infancy_n in_o their_o arm_n with_o great_a care_n and_o trouble_v and_o therefore_o the_o child_n ought_v to_o requite_v their_o affection_n and_o kindness_n by_o show_v their_o duty_n in_o mourn_v after_o this_o manner_n but_o the_o time_n of_o mourn_v for_o other_o friend_n be_v much_o abbreviate_v sometime_o it_o last_v a_o year_n otherwhiles_o but_o 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manner_n of_o punish_v offender_n be_v to_o lay_v they_o flat_a upon_o their_o face_n on_o the_o ground_n with_o their_o leg_n bare_a upon_o which_o they_o give_v they_o several_a blow_n with_o a_o whip_v make_v of_o twist_a reed_n which_o fetch_v blood_n at_o every_o blow_n and_o the_o great_a motive_n that_o induce_v to_o this_o more_o than_o common_a severity_n in_o punish_v offence_n be_v for_o that_o the_o chineses_n be_v infinite_o addict_v to_o rob_v and_o steal_v there_o be_v two_o extravagant_a humour_n that_o the_o grandee_n in_o china_n be_v much_o guilty_a of_o the_o one_o be_v the_o transmutation_n of_o other_o metal_n into_o silver_n about_o which_o they_o often_o break_v their_o brain_n and_o consume_v their_o estate_n the_o other_o be_v a_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o obtain_v a_o immortal_a be_v in_o this_o world_n while_o they_o be_v clad_v with_o flesh_n and_o blood_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o fancy_v such_o mean_n may_v be_v use_v as_o will_v preserve_v they_o from_o fall_v into_o that_o common_a bosom_n of_o nature_n the_o grave_a of_o both_o these_o mystery_n there_o be_v a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o book_n both_o print_v and_o write_a and_o few_o or_o none_o of_o the_o grandee_n but_o as_o it_o be_v by_o obligation_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o these_o distract_n and_o destructive_a science_n to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o story_n in_o the_o chinese_n book_n of_o one_o of_o their_o ancient_a emperor_n that_o be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o this_o prensie_n that_o with_o the_o danger_n and_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n he_o endeavour_v after_o a_o unattainable_a immortality_n the_o manner_n thus_o this_o emperor_n have_v cause_v a_o certain_a drink_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o some_o deceitful_a master_n of_o this_o art_n of_o who_o rarity_n and_o perfection_n he_o have_v so_o great_a confidence_n that_o he_o believe_v when_o he_o have_v drink_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v immortal_a and_o from_o this_o conceit_a imagination_n he_o can_v not_o be_v dissuade_v nor_o can_v the_o strong_a argument_n of_o his_o near_a relation_n divert_v he_o from_o his_o humour_n at_o last_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n see_v that_o no_o argumentative_a ratiocination_n will_v prevail_v with_o he_o come_v one_o day_n to_o congratulate_v the_o emperor_n health_n who_o back_n be_v turn_v the_o visitant_n take_v the_o bowl_n and_o drink_v a_o good_a draught_n which_o the_o over-credulous_a emperor_n perceive_v fall_v immediate_o into_o a_o great_a passion_n attend_v with_o no_o less_o than_o reiterated_a threat_n of_o death_n for_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o immortal_a liquor_n but_o the_o bold_a attempter_n answer_v he_o with_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n in_o these_o term_n do_v you_o suppose_v that_o you_o can_v deprive_v i_o of_o my_o life_n now_o i_o have_v drink_v of_o the_o immortal_a cup_n sure_o it_o be_v great_a madness_n in_o you_o so_o to_o think_v but_o if_o in_o truth_n you_o can_v despoil_v i_o thereof_o than_o i_o aver_v that_o i_o have_v not_o do_v any_o thing_n amiss_o for_o either_o by_o participate_v of_o your_o drink_n i_o be_o become_v equal_o immortal_a with_o you_o or_o else_o you_o be_v equal_o mortal_a with_o i_o if_o you_o can_v take_v away_o my_o life_n now_o i_o have_v not_o rob_v you_o of_o your_o immortality_n but_o shall_v make_v you_o sensible_a of_o the_o deceit_n and_o guile_n wherewith_o you_o be_v abuse_v the_o emperor_n hear_v this_o be_v present_o pacify_v and_o high_o commend_v the_o wisdom_n of_o his_o friend_n in_o extricate_a he_o so_o ingenious_o out_o of_o the_o great_a folly_n and_o madness_n imaginable_a but_o though_o there_o have_v not_o want_v wise_a man_n in_o china_n that_o have_v always_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v this_o fantastic_a principle_n and_o to_o cure_v this_o distemper_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o in_o itself_o be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o fit_a of_o rave_v madness_n yet_o they_o can_v never_o so_o hinder_v this_o disease_n from_o increase_v or_o take_v head_n but_o at_o present_v it_o overspread_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o general_o gain_v belief_n among_o the_o great_a one_o chap._n viii_o of_o several_a sect_n in_o china_n concern_v philosophy_n and_o idol-worship_n of_o all_o the_o heathen_a sect_n which_o be_v come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o in_o europe_n we_o have_v not_o read_v of_o any_o who_o be_v fall_v into_o few_o error_n than_o the_o chinese_n ever_o since_o the_o first_o age_n for_o in_o their_o book_n we_o read_v that_o these_o people_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n worship_v the_o high_a and_o one_a godhead_n who_o they_o call_v the_o king_n or_o with_o another_o and_o more_o common_a name_n the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n hence_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o heaven_n and_o earth_n be_v inspire_v and_o so_o they_o worship_v the_o soul_n thereof_o for_o the_o high_a deity_n but_o beside_o this_o supreme_a deity_n they_o deviate_v into_o the_o worship_n of_o several_a spirit_n to_o wit_n of_o hill_n rivers_n and_o such_o as_o command_v over_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n in_o all_o transaction_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o man_n ought_v to_o hearken_v to_o the_o inbred_a light_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o light_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n but_o as_o to_o the_o supreme_a deity_n and_o the_o spirit_n which_o wait_v upon_o he_o we_o do_v not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o their_o book_n that_o they_o do_v ever_o broach_v such_o licentious_a doctrine_n to_o the_o support_n of_o vice_n as_o be_v invent_v by_o the_o roman_n grecian_n or_o the_o egyptian_n who_o in_o the_o commit_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o filthiness_n do_v implore_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o debauch_a go_n it_o likewise_o appear_v by_o the_o yearly_a book_n which_o comprehend_v the_o transaction_n of_o four_o thousand_o year_n that_o the_o chineses_n have_v perform_v several_a brave_a work_n for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o public_a good_n the_o same_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o wise_a philosopher_n which_o be_v all_o in_o be_v before_o the_o last_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o then_o in_o the_o general_a conflagration_n of_o the_o country_n be_v most_o of_o they_o burn_v wherein_o be_v write_v good_a and_o wholesome_a doctrine_n for_o the_o instruction_n of_o youth_n in_o the_o way_n of_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n these_o book_n mention_v only_o three_o sect_n to_o have_v be_v in_o those_o time_n in_o the_o world_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v the_o sect_n of_o the_o learned_a the_o second_o be_v call_v sciequia_fw-la and_o the_o three_o lancu_n the_o first_o of_o these_o three_o sect_n be_v follow_v by_o all_o the_o chinese_n and_o the_o adjacent_a people_n which_o use_v the_o chinese_n character_n as_o the_o islander_n of_o japan_n corea_n and_o couchinchina_n and_o by_o none_o else_o and_o be_v the_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o sect_n that_o be_v ever_o hear_v of_o in_o china_n out_o of_o it_o about_o which_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o book_n be_v write_v general_o be_v choose_v such_o person_n as_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v honour_v and_o esteem_v above_o all_o other_o the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o sect_n be_v not_o learn_v all_o at_o once_o but_o they_o suck_v it_o in_o by_o degree_n when_o they_o learn_v to_o read_v or_o write_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o sect_n be_v confutius_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o chinese_n philosopher_n who_o be_v to_o this_o day_n honour_v by_o all_o the_o learned_a with_o the_o title_n of_o the_o most_o wise._n this_o confutius_n as_o the_o jesuit_n semedo_n relate_v in_o his_o history_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o very_a good_a nature_n and_o much_o incline_v to_o virtue_n prudent_a subtle_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o his_o country_n his_o write_n be_v to_o this_o day_n have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o esteem_v as_o be_v the_o groundwork_n of_o all_o the_o learning_n at_o this_o time_n in_o use_n among_o they_o what_o concern_v his_o write_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o four_o large_a book_n we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n several_a other_o book_n have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o follower_n of_o this_o sect_n some_o whereof_o have_v be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n into_o europe_n the_o title_n and_o content_n of_o which_o i_o think_v good_a here_o to_o mention_v and_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v 1._o the_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o whole_a world_n of_o the_o first_o creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o all_o thing_n out_o of_o this_o book_n be_v most_o thing_n select_v which_o relate_v to_o natural_a knowledge_n 2._o of_o the_o eternal_a middle_a 3._o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o full_a
this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o house_n in_o china_n and_o japan_n glitter_v and_o shine_v so_o bright_a that_o they_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o this_o paint_n also_o lay_v a_o shine_a colour_n upon_o wood_n which_o be_v so_o beautiful_a and_o last_a that_o they_o use_v few_o or_o no_o table-cloth_n at_o their_o meal_n for_o if_o they_o spill_v any_o grease_n or_o other_o liquor_n upon_o the_o table_n it_o be_v easy_o rub_v off_o with_o a_o little_a fair_a water_n without_o loss_n or_o damage_n of_o colour_n chap._n xv._n of_o root_n herb_n flower_n reed_n tree_n and_o fruit_n the_o vast_a and_o large_a territory_n of_o this_o empire_n which_o reach_v not_o only_o very_o far_o from_o east_n to_o west_n but_o also_o from_o south_n to_o north_n occasion_v that_o in_o no_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o fruit_n be_v produce_v the_o true_a and_o natural_a cause_n whereof_o be_v the_o several_a temper_n of_o the_o air_n which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v grant_v in_o so_o immense_a territory_n it_o be_v by_o experience_n know_v that_o some_o grow_v best_a under_o a_o hot_a climate_n other_o under_o a_o cold_a and_o some_o under_o a_o well_o temper_a air_n all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o country_n the_o learned_a among_o themselves_o have_v describe_v at_o large_a in_o their_o book_n what_o each_o province_n do_v produce_v by_o the_o view_n whereof_o and_o other_o particular_a relation_n this_o may_v be_v affirm_v for_o truth_n in_o general_a that_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n as_o well_o as_o for_o delight_n be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n without_o be_v behold_v to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o thus_o much_o i_o dare_v from_o my_o own_o knowledge_n affirm_v that_o whatever_o be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o europe_n be_v likewise_o find_v in_o china_n and_o if_o in_o truth_n there_o want_v any_o thing_n nature_n have_v supply_v that_o single_a defect_n with_o divers_a other_o thing_n beyond_o those_o we_o have_v in_o europe_n now_o that_o it_o may_v be_v obvious_a to_o every_o understanding_n with_o what_o a_o copious_a harvest_n of_o fruit_n and_o vegetable_n mild_a nature_n have_v bless_v this_o empire_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o i_o shall_v brief_o discourse_v thereof_o as_o follow_v in_o jungp_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n grow_v a_o very_a excellent_a root_n and_o of_o great_a esteem_n call_v by_o they_o ginseng_n but_o by_o the_o islander_n of_o japan_n nisi_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o chinese_n name_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o its_o shape_n in_o regard_n it_o artificial_o resemble_v a_o man_n it_o be_v not_o much_o unlike_a to_o the_o mandrake_n of_o europe_n only_o it_o be_v much_o less_o neither_o do_v i_o much_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o mandrake_n in_o regard_n it_o have_v the_o same_o shape_n and_o virtue_n this_o root_n be_v dry_v be_v yellow_a of_o colour_n and_o sweetish_a of_o taste_n but_o be_v chew_v it_o seem_v to_o be_v mingle_v with_o a_o little_a bitterness_n it_o be_v a_o great_a enlivener_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o a_o man_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o hot_a and_o strong_a constitution_n endanger_v their_o life_n by_o use_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o strengthen_n nature_n and_o quality_n whereas_o person_n weak_a and_o feeble_a through_o sickness_n or_o otherwise_o find_v great_a advantage_n in_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o such_o be_v the_o sovereign_a virtue_n of_o this_o root_n that_o it_o have_v recover_v some_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o death_n door_n for_o which_o its_o most_o rare_a quality_n it_o be_v become_v of_o so_o great_a price_n that_o it_o be_v common_o sell_v for_o thrice_o its_o weight_n in_o silver_n in_o queicheu_o near_o to_o lipe_v grow_v the_o best_a root_n of_o china_n there_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o true_a and_o counterfeit_a yet_o both_o natural_a the_o true_a grow_v near_o to_o this_o city_n and_o in_o other_o place_n the_o counterfeit_a or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o the_o wild_a root_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v bring_v general_o into_o europe_n it_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n within_o but_o neither_o so_o big_a nor_o of_o so_o great_a virtue_n as_o the_o true_a which_o grow_v and_o increase_v under_o ground_n almost_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o potato_n in_o india_n and_o especial_o in_o old_a pinetree_n wood_n from_o whence_o they_o say_v this_o root_n proceed_v first_o of_o all_o from_o the_o gum_n or_o juice_n of_o the_o pinetree_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n take_v root_n and_o bring_v forth_o a_o herb_n which_o by_o degree_n spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o grow_v under_o ground_n with_o knotty_a root_n in_o shape_n bigness_n and_o colour_n not_o unlike_a to_o the_o indian_a coco-nut_n but_o thin_a and_o soft_a which_o they_o use_v in_o several_a medicine_n this_o root_n be_v first_o know_v in_o europe_n in_o the_o year_n 1535._o when_o the_o chineses_n bring_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o city_n of_o goa_n in_o india_n and_o although_o the_o like_a root_n may_v grow_v in_o other_o part_n of_o india_n as_o also_o in_o the_o west-indies_n yet_o be_v it_o much_o inferior_a in_o goodness_n to_o that_o of_o the_o east_n the_o best_a whereof_o be_v tasteless_a heavy_a sound_a and_o firm_a this_o root_n have_v a_o particular_a virtue_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o garcias_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o the_o spanish_a pox_n and_o be_v sovereign_a against_o the_o itch_n tremble_n ache_n gout_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v also_o very_o good_a for_o a_o weak_a stomach_n headache_n the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n proceed_v from_o cold._n here_o grow_v also_o great_a store_n of_o ginger_n in_o this_o country_n so_o pure_o and_o with_o such_o celerity_n as_o exceed_v all_o in_o other_o country_n though_o it_o be_v true_a in_o several_a other_o part_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o ginger_n to_o be_v have_v as_o at_o bengala_n and_o upon_o the_o island_n molucco_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n bring_v into_o europe_n of_o this_o root_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n male_a and_o female_a which_o last_o be_v small_a of_o leaf_n and_o root_n than_o the_o first_o the_o leave_n be_v very_a like_o those_o of_o reed_n so_o that_o whosoever_o never_o see_v any_o ginger_n grow_v will_v take_v they_o to_o be_v reed_n the_o leave_n of_o the_o male_a sort_n through_o which_o run_v some_o great_a sinew_n or_o vein_n rise_v not_o much_o high_a than_o three_o foot_n above_o ground_n the_o root_n be_v of_o several_a weight_n and_o bigness_n whereof_o some_o have_v the_o length_n of_o four_o span_n full_a of_o knot_n and_o shoot_v not_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n but_o like_o reed_n grow_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n when_o the_o leave_n be_v wither_v which_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n when_o they_o take_v they_o up_o they_o break_v off_o a_o piece_n and_o fling_v it_o into_o the_o ground_n again_o for_o a_o increase_n the_o root_n fresh_a take_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o abound_a moisture_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a of_o taste_n as_o the_o dry_a which_o be_v lay_v a_o little_a into_o the_o sun_n to_o harden_v thus_o prepare_v they_o fling_v mold_n or_o clay_n upon_o they_o to_o prevent_v they_o from_o be_v worm-eaten_a which_o this_o root_n be_v very_o subject_a to_o it_o increase_v very_o fast_o as_o do_v all_o other_o spice_n which_o grow_v in_o such_o place_n as_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n and_o though_o the_o chineses_n and_o other_o plant_v ginger_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o herb_n yet_o however_o it_o grow_v also_o wild_a but_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o goodness_n of_o that_o which_o be_v cultivate_v when_o they_o intend_v to_o prepare_v this_o commodity_n for_o sale_n they_o first_o pare_v it_o and_o then_o put_v it_o immediate_o into_o pickle_n or_o vinegar_n for_o a_o hour_n or_o two_o afterward_o they_o take_v it_o out_o and_o lay_v it_o in_o the_o sun_n to_o dry_v for_o the_o like_a space_n then_o they_o take_v it_o again_o into_o the_o house_n put_v it_o up_o into_o a_o dry_a place_n and_o there_o let_v it_o lie_v till_o all_o the_o moisture_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o do_v they_o put_v it_o into_o pickle_n with_o good_a store_n of_o sugar_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o order_v make_v it_o pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n and_o abate_v much_o of_o its_o heat_n and_o this_o be_v general_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o greenginger_n which_o as_o a_o salad_n be_v use_v by_o the_o chinese_n among_o other_o herb_n it_o be_v very_o sovereign_a for_o several_a distemper_n as_o pain_n in_o the_o
this_o follow_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v publish_a the_o ultimate_a decree_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o holland_n health_n and_o peace_n which_o out_o of_o its_o cordial_a love_n to_o justice_n have_v subject_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o send_v ambassador_n through_o the_o wide_a sea_n to_o pay_v we_o tribute_n we_o nevertheless_o weigh_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o length_n of_o the_o voyage_n with_o the_o danger_n incident_a thereunto_o do_v hearty_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o come_v once_o every_o eight_o year_n to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n unto_o this_o court_n and_o this_o we_o do_v to_o make_v know_v to_o the_o universe_n our_o affection_n to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n in_o all_o other_o thing_n we_o give_v our_o royal_a consent_n and_o approbation_n to_o the_o remonstrance_n of_o our_o court_n of_o request_n thus_o you_o see_v neither_o the_o court_n nor_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o commerce_n in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v deny_v there_o be_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o will_v return_v to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n only_o whence_o they_o shall_v reap_v neither_o honour_n nor_o profit_n but_o contrary_o damage_n and_o disgrace_n for_o although_o the_o emperor_n shall_v have_v return_v they_o gift_n of_o equal_a value_n to_o their_o present_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n yet_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o two_o for_o the_o space_n almost_o of_o two_o year_n will_v be_v burdensome_a and_o ridiculous_a which_o however_o allow_v the_o denial_n of_o commerce_n to_o they_o if_o the_o emperor_n have_v grant_v they_o their_o return_n every_o year_n they_o may_v well_o have_v make_v up_o by_o a_o private_a trade_n especial_o be_v so_o much_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n and_o the_o tartar_n thereabouts_o who_o will_v engross_v the_o profit_n thereof_o therefore_o do_v god_n stir_v up_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o chinese_n mandorin_n unanimous_o to_o oppose_v and_o contradict_v it_o and_o at_o length_n when_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n have_v grant_v their_o return_n every_o five_o year_n the_o emperor_n by_o special_a divine_a providence_n have_v augment_v it_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n and_o before_o that_o revolution_n come_v either_o the_o emperor_n the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o favourer_n will_v be_v dead_a or_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v destroy_v or_o the_o time_n will_v be_v change_v and_o other_o government_n will_v succeed_v but_o if_o all_o these_o fail_n and_o the_o hollander_n will_v be_v so_o abject_a to_o return_v at_o the_o eight_o year_n end_n yet_o the_o lord_n will_v minister_v some_o mean_n to_o we_o for_o the_o ruine_v their_o design_n albeit_o there_o be_v little_a probability_n of_o their_o return_n since_o they_o depart_v so_o high_o discontent_v as_o they_o do_v as_o well_o by_o the_o strict_a watch_n that_o be_v set_v over_o they_o as_o for_o that_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n as_o father_n balion_n have_v acquaint_v i_o in_o a_o epistle_n which_o he_o write_v to_o i_o by_o a_o post_n after_o my_o departure_n to_o nank_v wherein_o he_o thus_o write_v the_o hollander_n may_v not_o come_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n nor_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o those_o ceremony_n of_o reverence_n accustom_a in_o this_o palace_n they_o be_v novice_n and_o ignorant_a in_o affair_n and_o obstinate_a in_o refuse_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n god_n will_v at_o length_n discover_v his_o mercy_n to_o the_o catholic_n portuguese_n here_o the_o court_n of_o request_n exhibit_v a_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n to_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o return_v every_o five_o year_n but_o not_o any_o liberty_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v alter_v the_o five_o to_o the_o eight_o year_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o a_o forbid_v they_o ever_o to_o return_v again_o the_o day_n before_o publish_v the_o emperor_n decree_n whereof_o i_o here_o send_v your_o fatherhood_n a_o copy_n father_n adam_n tell_v i_o he_o have_v speak_v with_o the_o emperor_n thus_o far_o father_n balion_n your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v how_o much_o our_o god_n do_v favour_n and_o assist_v true_a catholic_n christian_n for_o the_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n be_v high_o offend_v with_o the_o hollander_n and_o account_v they_o barbarian_n for_o refuse_v the_o ceremony_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o hollander_n with_o the_o muscovite_n be_v equal_o distaste_v because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o emperor_n presence_n without_o they_o and_o very_o just_a be_v it_o that_o heretic_n and_o schismatic_n shall_v depart_v with_o hatred_n and_o disgust_n that_o by_o their_o ill_a example_n they_o may_v not_o give_v scandal_n to_o the_o new_a christianity_n here_o plant_v nor_o cause_v the_o religion_n of_o europe_n to_o be_v ill_o speak_v of_o wherefore_o the_o most_o noble_a captain_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o holy_a city_n be_v your_o lordship_n of_o good_a courage_n and_o hope_v strong_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n that_o as_o he_o have_v suffer_v his_o city_n most_o faithful_a to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n of_o late_a year_n to_o undergo_v so_o many_o tribulation_n he_o have_v do_v it_o for_o direction_n only_o not_o for_o destruction_n do_v gold_n melt_v in_o the_o furnace_n come_v out_o waste_v and_o consume_v no_o but_o more_o pure_a bright_a and_o precious_a can_v god_n forget_v the_o piety_n of_o such_o a_o city_n which_o maintain_v so_o many_o religious_a of_o all_o sort_n and_o where_o so_o many_o mass_n and_o oblation_n be_v daily_o offer_v where_o be_v the_o refuge_n and_o sanctuary_n of_o religion_n but_o in_o this_o city_n which_o be_v glorious_o call_v the_o name_n of_o god_n can_v god_n forget_v his_o promise_n he_o have_v promise_v tribulation_n and_o a_o hundred-fold_n for_o the_o suffering_n of_o his_o saint_n and_o a_o hundred_o he_o will_v pay_v finis_fw-la a_o appendix_n or_o special_a remark_n take_v at_o large_a out_o of_o athanasius_n kircher_n antiquity_n of_o china_n part_n i._n chap._n i._n the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o this_o work_n it_o be_v now_o about_o thirty_o year_n since_o i_o produce_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o certain_a syro-chinesian_a monument_n find_v in_o china_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o which_o although_o it_o gain_v no_o small_a applause_n among_o the_o reader_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a apprehension_n who_o be_v take_v with_o the_o novelty_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o want_v some_o incompetent_a censurer_n or_o critic_n who_o cease_v not_o to_o wound_v its_o reputation_n by_o snarl_v and_o trifle_a objection_n stab_v it_o with_o critical_a steletto_n albeit_o they_o prove_v in_o the_o sequel_n leaden_a and_o blunt_a viz._n that_o there_o be_v never_o any_o monument_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n in_o nature_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a forgery_n this_o they_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a not_o only_o to_o persuade_v themselves_o to_o believe_v but_o also_o to_o raise_v a_o like_a credulity_n in_o other_o these_o and_o the_o like_a person_n be_v deserve_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v for_o such_o who_o reject_v all_o divine_a and_o humane_a faith_n approve_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v see_v themselves_o account_v nothing_o to_o be_v believe_v but_o what_o their_o own_o brain_n have_v dictate_v to_o they_o these_o be_v they_o that_o like_v troublesome_a flesh-flies_a fly_v at_o any_o obvious_a fatness_n soil_n that_o which_o be_v sincere_a and_o untainted_a and_o desist_v not_o to_o bespot_n that_o which_o be_v pure_a with_o a_o defile_v and_o thrasonick_a blast_n among_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a modern_a writer_n who_o blush_v not_o with_o all_o his_o may_v and_o indeed_o with_o a_o insolent_a scoff_n to_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n sometime_o assert_v it_o to_o be_v introduce_v by_o a_o jesuitical_a cheat_n and_o other_o while_n aver_v that_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a and_o plain_a forgery_n of_o the_o jesuit_n feign_v both_o to_o deceive_v the_o chinese_n and_o also_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o their_o treasure_n i_o shall_v conceal_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n partly_o out_o of_o a_o tenderness_n to_o christian_a charity_n and_o partly_o because_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o prudent_a and_o know_a man_n he_o seem_v unworthy_a of_o any_o answer_n see_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o monument_n be_v establish_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o so_o many_o illustrious_a author_n by_o so_o many_o book_n concern_v this_o method_n divulge_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o chinesian_a colais_n themselves_o leo_n and_o paul_n person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o instruct_v in_o the_o
stone_n itself_o to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o the_o chinesian_a idiom_n as_o it_o be_v sculp_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 782._o that_o from_o this_o most_o ancient_a testimony_n every_o one_o may_v conjecture_v how_o true_a the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o catholic_n be_v see_v the_o same_o be_v preach_v in_o a_o opposite_a quarter_n of_o the_o world_n among_o the_o chinese_n anno_fw-la 636._o of_o our_o saviour_n that_o be_v about_o a_o thousand_o year_n since_o the_o chinesian_a original_a of_o the_o stone_n be_v now_o conserve_v in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o roman_a college_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o another_o copy_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o repository_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o profession_n i_o myself_o also_o obtain_v from_o the_o most_o grave_a chinese_n doctor_n and_o master_n at_o the_o very_a time_n that_o the_o monument_n be_v find_v a_o book_n print_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n in_o which_o the_o write_n of_o the_o stone_n be_v most_o true_o and_o exact_o express_v according_a to_o the_o true_a original_a they_o advise_v the_o chineses_n in_o the_o large_a preface_n adjoin_v to_o the_o book_n that_o at_o length_n they_o will_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o great_a occident_n for_o so_o they_o term_v the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n and_o discover_v whether_o they_o preach_v the_o same_o law_n among_o the_o chinese_n which_o their_o ancestor_n with_o so_o many_o emperor_n embrace_v a_o thousand_o century_n ago_o and_o which_o the_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n exhibit_v in_o the_o book_n print_v in_o the_o chinese_n language_n before_o the_o stone_n be_v find_v now_o it_o only_o remain_v that_o i_o shall_v declare_v how_o this_o marble_n table_n be_v detect_v when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n francis_n xavier_n the_o venerable_a father_n matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o other_o father_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n have_v introduce_v the_o gospel_n of_o christ_n into_o the_o more_o inland_a part_n of_o china_n and_o have_v erect_v residence_n and_o church_n in_o some_o province_n and_o therefore_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o holy_a faith_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o that_o of_o xensi_fw-la anno_fw-la 1625._o one_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o same_o society_n invite_v by_o doctor_n philip_n have_v baptise_a twenty_o person_n in_o his_o native_a country_n of_o sanyven_v he_o go_v with_o the_o same_o doctor_n to_o see_v a_o stone_n which_o they_o have_v find_v some_o month_n before_o in_o the_o village_n chenche_fw-mi near_o the_o metropolis_n siganfu_n whilst_o they_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o rubbish_n for_o the_o build_n of_o a_o wall_n this_o father_n write_v which_o other_o father_n who_o have_v fix_v their_o abide_v and_o erect_v a_o church_n in_o siganfu_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n also_o affirm_v that_o a_o stone_n be_v find_v five_o hand_n broad_a one_o thick_a and_o nine_o long_a the_o top_n whereof_o make_v like_o a_o oblong_a pyramid_n of_o two_o hand_n and_o one_o broad_a on_o the_o vertex_fw-la the_o cross_n be_v engrave_v above_o the_o cloud_n that_o with_o its_o branch_n seem_v to_o imitate_v the_o flowerdeluce_n beside_o the_o chinesian_a inscription_n on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o beneath_o there_o appear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o syrian_a priest_n and_o also_o other_o chinesian_a name_n of_o the_o same_o priest_n under-written_a it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o chineses_n to_o have_v many_o name_n whence_o also_o the_o christian_n at_o this_o day_n retain_v both_o the_o name_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o receive_v in_o baptism_n and_o another_o chinese_n name_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v certify_v of_o the_o find_n of_o this_o monument_n command_v a_o elegant_a composition_n to_o be_v make_v in_o praise_n of_o it_o and_o to_o be_v engrave_v on_o such_o another_o like_a marble_n stone_n cause_v both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o fane_n or_o temple_n of_o the_o bonzi_n that_o be_v call_v tan_n su_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o metropolis_n siganfu_n as_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o same_o many_o other_o footstep_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n preach_v to_o the_o chineses_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o follow_a year_n which_o god_n seem_v not_o willing_a to_o have_v manifest_v but_o only_o at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o which_o the_o preach_a of_o the_o same_o faith_n arrive_v among_o the_o chinese_n by_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n that_o so_o both_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testimony_n may_v affect_v the_o identity_n of_o the_o catholic_n faith_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n may_v be_v render_v perspicuous_a and_o manifest_a unto_o all_o the_o like_a image_n of_o the_o holy_a cross_n be_v see_v in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n in_o the_o year_n 1630._o in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n also_o a_o miraculous_a light_n shine_v forth_o anno_fw-la 1635._o which_o be_v behold_v by_o the_o gentile_n and_o also_o in_o the_o mountain_n of_o fokien_n and_o in_o the_o city_n cyvencheu_o 1643._o cross_n be_v find_v yea_o the_o venerable_a father_n martin_n riccius_fw-la when_o first_o he_o come_v into_o china_n find_v xe_n tsu_fw-fr kiao_n to_o be_v a_o name_n signify_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n by_o which_o the_o christian_n ancient_o that_o be_v disciple_n of_o that_o doctrine_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v name_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o that_o be_v christian_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n when_o the_o tartar_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n past_o first_o invade_v china_n and_o that_o they_o live_v there_o mix_v with_o saracen_n jew_n nestorian_n and_o gentile_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n who_o travel_v unto_o catay_n which_o be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o we_o now_o call_v china_n and_o now_o whether_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n first_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o chinese_n be_v not_o yet_o certain_o know_v father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n collect_v from_o some_o ancient_a testimony_n of_o the_o christian_n of_o the_o church_n of_o malabar_n in_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o cranganor_n or_o de_fw-fr serra_fw-la which_o be_v term_v the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n that_o in_o that_o place_n as_o also_o in_o meliapor_n which_o former_o be_v call_v calamina_n and_o now_o by_o the_o portuguese_n san_n thome_n the_o holy_a apostle_n preach_v by_o reason_n that_o out_o of_o their_o gaza_n or_o treasury_n in_o the_o office_n of_o st._n thomas_n be_v recite_v or_o rehearse_v that_o by_o st._n thomas_n the_o chinese_n and_o ethiopian_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o truth_n by_o st._n thomas_n the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n take_v its_o flight_n and_o ascend_v to_o the_o chinese_n and_o in_o the_o antiphono_fw-la the_o ethiopian_n indian_n chineses_n and_o persian_n in_o commemoration_n of_o st._n thomas_n offer_v up_o adoration_n unto_o his_o holy_a name_n also_o in_o a_o ancient_a synodical_a canon_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o great_a province_n viz._n those_o other_o metropolitan_o of_o china_n india_n and_o pase_n do_v send_v their_o letter_n of_o consent_n add_v withal_o that_o he_o that_o govern_v the_o church_n de_fw-fr serra_fw-la at_o the_o come_n of_o the_o portuguese_a subscribe_v himself_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o india_n and_o china_n but_o in_o truth_n thing_n be_v more_o narrow_o consider_v from_o those_o circumstance_n and_o footstep_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v manifest_a after_o the_o time_n of_o father_n trigautius_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v that_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n preach_v the_o gospel_n himself_o among_o the_o chinese_n for_o although_o these_o footstep_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n here_o find_v do_v evident_o show_v that_o the_o christian_a belief_n have_v be_v in_o china_n yet_o notwithstanding_o those_o 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that_o be_v india_n or_o syria_n in_o xensi_fw-la a_o northern_a kingdom_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o tamburlaine_n then_o reign_v anno_fw-la 639._o as_o the_o monument_n that_o be_v find_v avouch_v where_o relate_v the_o preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o chinese_n it_o mention_v not_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n which_o yet_o if_o ensculp_v will_v have_v be_v of_o considerable_a moment_n unto_o their_o purpose_n who_o erect_v the_o stone_n viz._n that_o the_o preacher_n of_o the_o faith_n then_o again_o preach_v the_o same_o law_n that_o st._n thomas_n or_o some_o other_o apostle_n have_v before_o preach_v among_o the_o chinese_n moreover_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o preacher_n of_o tacyu_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n preach_v the_o law_n of_o christ_n unto_o the_o chineses_n and_o a_o conjecture_n may_v be_v make_v that_o peradventure_o neither_o st._n thomas_n nor_o any_o other_o apostle_n introduce_v the_o gospel_n among_o they_o and_o that_o i_o may_v speak_v most_o moderate_o nothing_o can_v be_v certain_o deduce_v or_o draw_v concern_v this_o matter_n from_o the_o footstep_n here_o find_v and_o the_o passage_n before_o allege_v be_v only_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o those_o priest_n be_v send_v from_o the_o church_n of_o st._n thomas_n or_o babylon_n which_o then_o govern_v the_o malabran_n church_n de_fw-fr serra_fw-la belong_v unto_o the_o christian_n of_o st._n thomas_n as_o the_o portuguese_n afterward_o find_v to_o erect_v a_o episcopal_a seat_n and_o to_o introduce_v the_o faith_n among_o the_o people_n of_o china_n see_v this_o be_v testify_v by_o the_o ancient_a syrian_a language_n call_v estrangelo_n which_o be_v now_o retain_v in_o that_o church_n and_o be_v in_o former_a time_n in_o use_n in_o babylon_n and_o syria_n and_o as_o for_o the_o oration_n compose_v in_o praise_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n from_o they_o we_o may_v only_o conjecture_v that_o by_o the_o merit_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o his_o church_n the_o priest_n perchance_o introduce_v first_o of_o all_o the_o faith_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o st._n thomas_n among_o the_o chinese_n and_o therefore_o deserve_o their_o conversion_n ought_v to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o st._n thomas_n wherefore_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o st._n thomas_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o path_n of_o the_o faith_n preach_v hitherto_o discover_v we_o can_v positive_o assert_v that_o st._n thomas_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n preach_v the_o gospel_n unto_o the_o chineses_n but_o i_o rather_o think_v that_o many_o age_n after_o the_o christian_n of_o prester-iohn_n country_n who_o emperor_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v usan_n can_n who_o be_v term_v the_o worshipper_n of_o the_o cross_n be_v those_o that_o enter_v into_o china_n either_o with_o the_o tartar_n or_o a_o little_a before_o for_o those_o from_o india_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o syrian_a chaldea_n or_o those_o of_o malabar_n as_o they_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o tartar-christians_a so_o will_v they_o have_v call_v their_o disciple_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o a_o more_o clear_a doctrine_n kin_n kiao_n but_o i_o believe_v those_o preacher_n come_v not_o out_o of_o india_n for_o the_o syrian_a language_n and_o name_n testify_v they_o to_o be_v syrian_n and_o they_o term_v themselves_o jew_n or_o of_o india_n by_o reason_n they_o preach_v that_o law_n or_o doctrine_n which_o have_v its_o original_a from_o india_n but_o from_o what_o place_n those_o syrian_a priest_n come_v as_o also_o their_o syrian_a subscription_n these_o i_o say_v we_o leave_v to_o the_o industrious_a disquisition_n of_o the_o reverend_a father_n athanasius_n kircher_n a_o person_n high_o merit_v of_o all_o antiquity_n which_o that_o he_o may_v accomplish_v with_o the_o great_a fidelity_n and_o solidity_n we_o have_v present_v he_o the_o same_o write_n transcribe_v in_o the_o chinese_n out_o of_o the_o book_n by_o the_o sole_a pain_n and_o industry_n of_o don_n chin_n andreas_n a_o noble_a chinesian_a youth_n the_o inseparable_a companion_n of_o my_o voyage_n to_o rome_n to_o the_o apostolic_a see_n which_o book_n be_v imprint_v and_o divulge_v throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n by_o the_o chinese_n doctor_n man_n of_o great_a fidelity_n and_o authority_n with_o my_o latin_a translation_n render_v word_n for_o word_n and_o i_o have_v lay_v up_o the_o book_n that_o be_v altogether_o consonant_a to_o the_o original_a monument_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o same_o father_n together_o with_o a_o attestation_n of_o the_o fact_n by_o the_o subscription_n of_o my_o own_o hand_n and_o the_o hand_n of_o those_o that_o be_v native_n of_o china_n eye-witness_n of_o the_o monument_n as_o also_o the_o transcriber_n of_o this_o table_n from_o the_o original_a rome_n novemb_n 4._o anno_fw-la 1653._o father_n michael_n boim_n andrea_n don_n chin_n a_o chinese_n matthew_n a_o chinese_n a_o paraphrastical_a declaration_n of_o a_o chinese_n inscription_n translate_v word_n for_o word_n out_o of_o the_o chinese_n language_n into_o the_o portuguese_n out_o of_o that_o into_o italian_a and_o from_o the_o italian_a into_o the_o latin_a tongue_n the_o declaration_n of_o xiu_o piu_fw-it or_o as_o the_o commentator_n have_v it_o make_v by_o a_o priest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o judea_n who_o be_v call_v kim_n lim._n 1._o this_o therefore_o i_o say_v thing_n that_o he_o who_o be_v always_o true_a and_o undisturbed_a be_v without_o any_o beginning_n of_o a_o most_o profound_a intellect_n and_o eternal_a essence_n by_o his_o most_o excellent_a power_n out_o of_o nothing_o create_v all_o thing_n and_o by_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n make_v the_o saint_n this_o be_v that_o divine_a essence_n three_o in_o person_n but_o one_o in_o substance_n our_o lord_n who_o be_v certain_o infallible_a without_o begin_v olo_n o_o thou_o which_o in_o the_o chaldee_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o eloba_n make_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n gather_v together_o the_o chaos_n he_o form_v two_o kiss_n that_o be_v two_o virtue_n or_o quality_n call_v inyam_n the_o commentator_n name_v they_o two_o principle_n change_v the_o abyss_n that_o be_v he_o take_v away_o the_o darkness_n and_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n appear_v he_o form_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n that_o by_o their_o continual_a motion_n they_o shall_v distinguish_v the_o night_n and_o day_n he_o set_v together_o and_o build_v all_o thing_n but_o when_o he_o create_v the_o first_o man_n beside_o his_o be_v he_o endow_v he_o with_o original_a righteousness_n appoint_v he_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o at_o first_o of_o his_o own_o nature_n be_v empty_a and_o vile_a fill_v with_o himself_o of_o a_o plain_a and_o equal_a understanding_n and_o have_v no_o mixture_n of_o any_o inordinate_a appetite_n 2._o but_o afterward_o by_o 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church_n he_o be_v term_v john_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o word_n presbyter_n not_o because_o he_o be_v a_o priest_n but_o by_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o mode_n and_o custom_n of_o a_o chief_a archbishop_n he_o have_v a_o cross_n carry_v before_o he_o by_o which_o he_o declare_v himself_o a_o defender_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n whence_o scaliger_n suppose_v he_o to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o persian_a word_n prestegiani_n which_o signify_v apostolical_a which_o the_o western_a people_n misunderstanding_n for_o the_o word_n prestegiani_n they_o write_v presbyter_n john_n i_o will_v add_v his_o word_n in_o truth_n say_v he_o i_o have_v very_o often_o admire_v that_o a_o nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a in_o navigation_n shall_v be_v so_o potent_a both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n as_o to_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n from_o ethiopia_n even_o unto_o china_n for_o from_o those_o very_a time_n we_o have_v have_v a_o knowledge_n of_o that_o emperor_n but_o that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o prestegiani_n in_o the_o persian_a tongue_n which_o be_v almost_o common_a over_o all_o asia_n as_o the_o latin_a be_v with_o we_o in_o the_o west_n signify_v apostolical_a by_o which_o name_n it_o be_v manifest_a they_o understand_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v christian_a and_o orthodox_n for_o in_o the_o persian_a prestegiani_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n signify_v apostle_n and_o prestegini_fw-la apostolical_a as_o padischa_n prestegini_fw-la a_o apostolical_a king_n in_o the_o arabic_a melek_n arresuli_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a negus_n havarjavi_n that_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o ethiopian_n be_v extend_v far_o and_o wide_o in_o asia_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o ethiopian_a cross_n which_o be_v see_v in_o japan_n china_n and_o other_o place_n yea_o and_o the_o temple_n of_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n situate_v in_o the_o region_n of_o malabar_n be_v whole_o ethiopic_a as_o the_o cross_n the_o structure_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n yea_o and_o 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of_o cingis-can_a and_o the_o other_o succeed_v potent_a emperor_n they_o i_o say_v i_o find_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o overrun_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n by_o their_o historian_n the_o chinesian-mogulos_a but_o what_o he_o write_v concern_v quinsai_n a_o city_n of_o a_o wonderful_a and_o almost_o incredible_a magnitude_n be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v true_a at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n hancheu_o of_o which_o father_n martinius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o excellent_a atlas_n sinicus_n thus_o discourse_v folio_n 109._o quâ—nsai_n that_o the_o european_a cosmographer_n may_v no_o long_o err_v in_o make_v enquiry_n after_o and_o ridiculous_o delineat_v of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o marcus_n paulus_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v the_o very_a exact_a portaicture_n of_o the_o same_o the_o shadow_n of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v unto_o the_o author_n of_o the_o archontologia_fw-la cosmica_fw-la and_o if_o the_o divine_a majesty_n be_v propitious_a 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but_o in_o the_o common_a speech_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o tie_v not_o up_o themselves_o unto_o that_o exactness_n of_o phrase_n kingsai_n whence_o the_o term_n of_o quinsai_n in_o venetus_n have_v its_o original_n you_o must_v here_o note_v moreover_o that_o kingsu_n be_v a_o name_n of_o dignity_n common_a unto_o regal_a city_n and_o not_o proper_a and_o singular_a unto_o one_o alone_a for_o its_o genuine_a and_o true_a signification_n be_v regal_a although_o oftentimes_o the_o same_o city_n have_v otherwise_o a_o proper_a name_n as_o this_o city_n be_v call_v hancheu_fw-la which_o under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sunga_n be_v call_v lingan_n because_o the_o ten_o emperor_n of_o this_o family_n name_v coacungus_fw-la kin_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n there_o fix_v his_o court_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o venetus_n it_o be_v call_v kingsu_n whatever_o other_o think_v to_o the_o contrary_n this_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1135._o and_o also_o 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589939_o 5084015_o 1929057_o 4770_o 3544850_o 420000_o 3._o the_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la 831051_o 3934176_o 2812119_o 9218_o 1514749_o  _fw-fr 4._o xantung_v have_v six_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o ninety_o two_o other_o subject_n to_o they_o 770555_o 6759675_o 2414477_o 54990_o 3824290_o  _fw-fr 5._o the_o province_n of_o honan_n have_v eight_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o a_o hundred_o other_o subject_n to_o they_o 589296_o 5106270_o 6106960_o 9959_o 2288744_o  _fw-fr 6._o the_o province_n of_o sucheu_fw-la 464129_o 2204170_o 2167559_o 6339_o  _fw-fr 149177_o 7._o huquang_n have_v fifteen_o metropolitan_a city_n 531686_o 4833590_o 1616600_o 17977_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 8._o kiangsi_n have_v thirteen_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o sixty_o two_o other_o under_o they_o 1363629_o 6549800_o 5995034_o 11516_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 9_o nank_v or_o quiang_n have_v fourteen_o metropolitan_a city_n and_o under_o they_o a_o hundred_o other_o 1969116_o 9967429_o 2510299_o 28452_o 5804217_o 5808217_o 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china_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n father_n martinius_n samedus_n trigautius_n and_o gruberus_n eye-witness_n relate_v that_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n be_v so_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n the_o town_n and_o village_n so_o contiguous_a that_o do_v the_o wall_n reach_v the_o south_n sea_n it_o may_v deserve_o be_v term_v but_o one_o city_n but_o there_o be_v metropolitan_n and_o chief_a city_n of_o province_n to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o and_o of_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o sixty_o two_o all_o fortify_v with_o wall_n work_n and_o trench_n beside_o there_o be_v castle_n corporation-town_n village_n and_o grange_n without_o number_n the_o city_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v build_v foursquare_a their_o house_n general_o be_v wood_n and_o not_o above_o one_o story_n poor_a and_o rude_a without_o but_o within_o very_o splendid_a each_o house_n be_v bind_v to_o affix_v a_o shield_n upon_o the_o door_n 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