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of_o due_a reward_n and_o encouragement_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o public_a oration_n of_o cato_n it_o be_v object_v as_o a_o reproach_n to_o marcus_n nobilior_n that_o he_o have_v carry_v the_o poet_n ennius_n with_o he_o into_o aetolia_n when_o he_o go_v to_o reside_v there_o as_o governor_n that_o there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n which_o the_o grecian_n esteem_v so_o honourable_a a_o study_n of_o use_n in_o rome_n but_o the_o bare_a practice_n of_o measure_v and_o cast_v account_n for_o oratory_n he_o observe_v that_o the_o roman_n embrace_v this_o very_a soon_o but_o at_o first_o without_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o learned_a institution_n which_o be_v afterward_o add_v with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o to_o set_v they_o on_o equal_a term_n with_o the_o most_o eloquent_a master_n of_o greece_n but_o that_o philosophy_n have_v lie_v neglect_v till_o that_o time_n and_o have_v meet_v with_o no_o eminent_a author_n to_o adorn_v it_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n this_o therefore_o he_o profess_v to_o undertake_v as_o his_o proper_a office_n and_o how_o happy_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o attempt_n his_o work_n on_o that_o subject_n will_v be_v a_o last_a argument_n if_o we_o compare_v tully_n with_o his_o friend_n atticus_n we_o find_v they_o both_o together_o answer_v the_o two_o excellent_a end_n of_o philosophy_n the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a and_o the_o private_a ease_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o a_o inoffensive_a life_n the_o former_a direct_v all_o his_o study_n to_o action_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o oppose_a all_o design_n on_o its_o liberty_n the_o latter_a by_o never_o enter_v the_o scene_n of_o business_n make_v himself_o equal_o honour_v and_o court_v by_o all_o party_n from_o sylla_n to_o augustus_n caesar_n the_o one_o gain_v to_o himself_o more_o glory_n the_o other_o more_o hearty_a love_n and_o esteem_n and_o i_o believe_v most_o person_n will_v be_v incline_v to_o follow_v 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knowledge_n it_o be_v certain_a he_o shame_v they_o in_o practice_n brutus_n have_v be_v a_o hearer_n of_o all_o the_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n and_o make_v some_o proficiency_n in_o every_o one_o when_o a_o soldier_n under_o pompey_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n all_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o camp_n except_o what_o he_o spend_v in_o the_o general_n be_v company_n he_o employ_v in_o read_v and_o study_n and_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o decisive_a battle_n at_o pharsalia_n though_o it_o be_v then_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o camp_n under_o many_o inconvenience_n and_o he_o himself_o extreme_o harass_v and_o out_o of_o order_n yet_o while_o other_o be_v either_o lay_v down_o to_o sleep_v or_o take_v up_o with_o apprehension_n about_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o fight_n he_o spend_v all_o his_o time_n till_o the_o evening_n in_o write_v a_o epitome_n of_o polybius_n brut._n polybius_n plutarch_n in_o brut._n it_o be_v universal_o know_v that_o the_o roman_a 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2._o essay_n 2._o especial_o since_o the_o author_n of_o that_o judgement_n be_v one_o of_o those_o who_o have_v he_o live_v then_o horace_n himself_o will_v have_v willing_o choose_v for_o his_o judge_n and_o insert_v in_o that_o short_a catalogue_n of_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o honour_n who_o he_o desire_v shall_v approve_v his_o labour_n 10._o labour_n book_n 1._o sat._n 10._o whether_o or_o no_o the_o common_a say_v be_v true_a that_o if_o all_o art_n and_o science_n be_v lose_v they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o virgil_n it_o be_v plain_a he_o dive_v very_o deep_a into_o the_o mystery_n of_o natural_a science_n which_o he_o set_v forth_o in_o all_o its_o ornament_n in_o several_a part_n of_o his_o divine_a work_n and_o in_o that_o admirable_a place_n of_o his_o second_o georgic_n when_o he_o express_v in_o a_o sort_n of_o transport_n his_o inclination_n to_o poesy_n he_o seem_v to_o direct_v its_o whole_a end_n towards_o the_o specularious_fw-la of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o to_o make_v 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weapon_n whatever_o essay_n be_v make_v to_o recover_v
manager_n of_o the_o discourse_n in_o tully_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr oratore_fw-la be_v represent_v as_o very_a opposiâ—â—_n in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a improvement_n of_o a_o accomplish_a orator_n the_o former_a deny_v any_o person_n the_o honour_n of_o this_o name_n who_o do_v not_o possess_v in_o some_o degree_n all_o the_o quality_n both_o native_a and_o acquire_v that_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o general_a scholar_n the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o a_o orator_n ought_v to_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v himself_o copious_o on_o all_o manner_n of_o subject_n and_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o one_o can_v answer_v this_o character_n without_o some_o excellency_n in_o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o art_n and_o learning_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o happy_a endowment_n of_o nature_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o have_v these_o acquisition_n set_v so_o loose_a about_o he_o as_o to_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o bottom_n 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and_o caâ—o_o in_o sallust_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o arm_n so_o much_o as_o the_o industry_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o advance_v the_o grandeur_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o the_o founder_n and_o regulator_n of_o this_o state_n in_o make_v diligence_n and_o labour_n necessary_a qualification_n of_o a_o citizen_n take_v the_o same_o course_n as_o the_o poet_n will_v have_v jupiter_n to_o have_v think_v on_o when_o he_o succeed_v to_o the_o government_n over_o the_o primitive_a mortal_n pater_fw-la ipse_fw-la colondi_fw-la â—iaud_n sacilem_fw-la esse_fw-la viam_fw-la voluit_fw-la primusque_fw-la per_fw-la artem_fw-la movit_fw-la agros_fw-la curis_fw-la acuens_fw-la mortalia_fw-la corda_fw-la neo_fw-la torpere_fw-la gravi_fw-la passus_fw-la sva_fw-la regna_fw-la veterno_fw-la 1._o veterno_fw-la virg._n georg._n 1._o to_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o extreme_a industry_n and_o perpetual_a study_n and_o labour_n it_o may_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a 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in_o the_o siege_n of_o mutina_n and_o that_o nero_n be_v not_o only_o constant_a at_o his_o declamation_n while_o in_o a_o private_a station_n but_o for_o the_o first_o year_n after_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v worth_a remark_n that_o the_o subject_a of_o these_o old_a declamation_n be_v not_o a_o mere_a fanciful_a thesis_n but_o a_o case_n which_o may_v probable_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n the_o contrary_a practice_n which_o creep_v into_o some_o school_n after_o the_o augustan_n age_n to_o the_o great_a debase_v of_o eloquence_n be_v what_o petronius_n inveigh_v so_o severe_o against_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o satyricon_n in_o a_o strain_n so_o elegant_a that_o it_o will_v lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o grace_n and_o spirit_n in_o any_o translation_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o recitation_n i_o intend_v not_o to_o insist_v on_o the_o public_a performance_n of_o the_o poet_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o common_o borrow_a the_o house_n
because_o they_o account_v it_o a_o most_o heinous_a act_n of_o impiety_n to_o act_v in_o hostility_n against_o the_o person_n of_o the_o go_n this_o custom_n be_v describe_v at_o large_a by_o macrobius_n in_o his_o saturnalia_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o the_o roman_n be_v seldom_o desirous_a of_o attempt_v any_o town_n by_o way_n of_o siege_n because_o they_o think_v it_o will_v scarce_o answer_v the_o expense_n and_o incommodity_n of_o the_o method_n so_o that_o this_o be_v general_o their_o last_o hope_n and_o in_o all_o their_o great_a war_n there_o be_v very_o few_o example_n of_o any_o long_a leagure_n undertake_v by_o they_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o any_o important_a place_n be_v common_o either_o by_o storm_n or_o surrendry_n if_o they_o take_v a_o town_n by_o storm_n it_o be_v either_o by_o open_a force_n or_o by_o stratagem_n in_o the_o former_a they_o make_v their_o attack_n without_o batter_v the_o wall_n and_o be_v only_o say_v 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undermine_v the_o foundation_n caesar_n have_v describe_v the_o musculus_fw-la at_o large_a in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o vineae_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o wicker_n hurdle_n lay_v for_o a_o roof_n on_o the_o top_n of_o post_n which_o the_o soldier_n who_o go_v under_o it_o for_o shelter_n bear_v up_o with_o their_o hand_n some_o will_v have_v they_o to_o have_v be_v contrive_v with_o a_o double_a roof_n the_o first_o and_o low_o roof_n of_o plank_n and_o the_o upper_a roof_n of_o hurdle_n to_o break_v the_o force_n of_o any_o blow_n without_o disorder_v the_o machine_n the_o plutei_fw-la consist_v of_o the_o same_o material_n as_o the_o former_a but_o be_v of_o a_o much_o different_a figure_n be_v shape_v like_o a_o arch_a sort_n of_o wagon_n and_o have_v three_o wheel_n so_o convenient_o place_v that_o the_o machine_n will_v move_v either_o way_n with_o
tectae_fw-la or_o constratae_fw-la or_o the_o apertae_fw-la the_o tectae_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o hatch_n whereas_o the_o apertae_fw-la or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v none_o the_o great_a ship_n as_o the_o quadriremes_n and_o upward_o seem_v always_o to_o have_v have_v hatch_n the_o triremes_n and_o biremes_n be_v sometime_o describe_v otherwise_o and_o all_o below_o these_o be_v apertae_fw-la cicero_n and_o other_o author_n sometime_o use_v the_o word_n aphractum_n for_o a_o particular_a sort_n of_o ship_n and_o polybius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o quinquereme_a beside_o these_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o nave_n rostratae_fw-la and_o nave_n turritae_fw-la the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o have_v beak_n or_o rostra_fw-la necessary_a to_o all_o ship_n which_o be_v to_o engage_v in_o a_o battle_n the_o other_o be_v such_o as_o have_v turret_n erect_v on_o their_o deck_n from_o whence_o the_o soldier_n use_v all_o manner_n of_o weapon_n and_o engine_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v on_o land_n and_o so_o engage_v with_o the_o great_a fury_n imaginable_a as_o virgil_n describe_v the_o fight_n at_o actium_n pelago_fw-la credas_fw-la innare_fw-la revulsas_fw-la cycladas_n aut_fw-la montes_fw-la concurrere_fw-la montibus_fw-la altos_fw-la tantâ_fw-la mole_n viri_fw-la turritis_fw-la puppibus_fw-la instant_a aen._n 8._o the_o officer_n in_o the_o navy_n be_v the_o praefectus_fw-la classis_fw-la or_o admiral_n and_o sometime_o the_o duumviri_fw-la when_o two_o be_v join_v in_o commission_n together_o with_o the_o trierarchus_fw-la or_o captain_n of_o a_o particular_a ship_n most_o proper_o of_o the_o trireme_a the_o gubernator_n or_o master_n the_o celeuste_n or_o boatswain_n and_o other_o of_o inferior_a note_n under_o the_o emperor_n as_o there_o be_v legion_n establish_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a dominion_n so_o have_v they_o constant_o fleet_n in_o those_o sea_n which_o lie_v convenient_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n as_o augustus_n keep_v one_o navy_n at_o misenum_n in_o the_o mare_fw-la inferum_fw-la to_o protect_v and_o keep_v in_o obedience_n france_n spain_n mauritania_n egypt_n sardinia_n and_o sicily_n another_o at_o ravenna_n in_o the_o mare_fw-la superum_fw-la to_o defend_v and_o bridle_v epirus_n macedon_n achaia_n crete_n cyprus_n together_o with_o all_o asia_n nor_o be_v their_o navy_n only_o maintain_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o several_a too_o on_o the_o principal_a river_n as_o the_o germanica_n classis_fw-la on_o the_o rhine_n the_o danubiana_n the_o euphratensis_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o tacitus_n and_o other_o historian_n see_v sir_n henry_n savil_n be_v dissertation_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o translation_n of_o tacitus_n to_o this_o subject_a of_o the_o roman_a ship_n we_o may_v add_v a_o very_a remarkable_a custom_n of_o such_o as_o have_v escape_v a_o wreck_n at_o sea_n which_o we_o find_v hint_v at_o in_o almost_o every_o place_n of_o the_o poet_n and_o often_o allude_v to_o by_o other_o author_n on_o which_o the_o great_a modern_a critic_n deliver_v himself_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o those_o who_o have_v be_v save_v from_o a_o shipwreck_n to_o have_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o their_o adventure_n represent_v on_o a_o table_n some_o person_n make_v use_v of_o their_o table_n to_o move_v the_o compassion_n of_o those_o that_o they_o meet_v as_o they_o travel_v up_o and_o down_o and_o by_o their_o charity_n to_o repair_v their_o fortune_n which_o have_v suffer_v so_o much_o at_o sea_n these_o juvenal_n describe_v sat._n 14._o mersâ_fw-la rate_n naufragus_fw-la assem_fw-la dum_fw-la rogat_fw-la &_o pictâ_fw-la se_fw-la tempestate_fw-la tuetur_fw-la his_o vessel_n sink_v the_o wretch_n at_o some_o lane_n end_n a_o paint_a storm_n for_o farthing_n do_v extend_v and_o life_n upon_o the_o picture_n of_o his_o loss_n for_o this_o purpose_n they_o hang_v the_o tablet_n about_o their_o neck_n and_o keep_v sing_v a_o sort_n of_o cant_a verse_n express_v the_o manner_n of_o their_o misfortune_n almost_o like_o the_o modern_a pilgrim_n persius_n sat._n 1._o cantet_fw-la si_fw-la naufragus_fw-la assem_fw-la protulerim_n cantas_fw-la cum_fw-la fractâ_fw-la te_fw-la in_o trabe_fw-la pictum_fw-la exit_fw-la humero_fw-la port_n say_v shall_v a_o shipwreck_v sailor_n sing_v his_o woe_n will_v i_o be_v move_v to_o pity_v or_o bestow_v a_o alm_n be_v this_o your_o season_n for_o a_o song_n when_o your_o despair_a phiz_n you_o bear_v along_o daub_v on_o a_o plank_n and_o over_o your_o shoulder_n hang_v other_o hang_v up_o such_o a_o table_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o particular_a deity_n to_o who_o they_o have_v address_v themselves_o in_o their_o exigence_n and_o who_o assistance_n have_v as_o they_o think_v effect_v their_o safety_n this_o they_o term_v proper_o votiva_fw-la tabella_fw-la juvenal_n have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o roman_a superstition_n in_o this_o point_n when_o he_o inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o business_n of_o a_o whole_a company_n of_o painter_n to_o draw_v picture_n on_o these_o account_n for_o the_o temple_n of_o isis_n quam_fw-la votiuâ_fw-la testantur_fw-la fana_fw-la tabellâ_fw-la plurima_fw-la pictores_fw-la quis_fw-la nescit_fw-la ab_fw-la iside_n pasci_fw-la such_o as_o in_o isis_n some_o may_v be_v survey_v on_o votive_a tablet_n to_o the_o life_n portray_v where_o painter_n be_v employ_v and_o earn_v their_o bread_n but_o the_o custom_n go_v much_o far_o for_o the_o lawyer_n at_o the_o bar_n use_v to_o have_v the_o case_n of_o their_o client_n express_v in_o a_o picture_n that_o by_o show_v his_o hard_a fortune_n and_o the_o cruelty_n and_o injustice_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n they_o may_v move_v the_o compassion_n of_o the_o judge_n this_o quintilian_n declare_v himself_o against_o in_o his_o six_o book_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o such_o person_n as_o have_v escape_v in_o any_o fit_a of_o sickness_n use_v to_o dedicate_v a_o picture_n to_o the_o deity_n who_o they_o fancy_v to_o have_v relieve_v they_o and_o this_o give_v we_o a_o light_n into_o the_o meaning_n of_o tibullus_n lib._n 1._o eleg._n 3._o nunc_fw-la dea_fw-la nunc_fw-la succurre_fw-la mihi_fw-la nam_fw-la posse_fw-la mederi_fw-la picta_fw-la docet_fw-la templis_fw-la multa_fw-la tabella_fw-la tuis_fw-la now_o goddess_n now_o thy_o torture_a suppliant_a heal_n for_o votive_a paint_v attest_v thy_o sacred_a skill_n thus_o the_o old_a christian_n 88_o christian_n casaubon_n in_o persius_n sat._n i._n v._o 88_o upon_o any_o signal_n recovery_n of_o their_o health_n use_v to_o offer_v a_o sort_n of_o medal_n in_o gold_n or_o silver_n on_o which_o their_o own_o effigy_n be_v express_v in_o honour_n of_o the_o saint_n who_o they_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o for_o their_o deliverance_n and_o this_o custom_n still_o obtain_v in_o the_o popish_a country_n 5._o country_n dacier_n on_o horace_n lib._n 1._o od._n 5._o part_n ii_o book_n v._o miscellany_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o private_a sport_n and_o game_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a pomp_n and_o superstition_n be_v take_v up_o in_o their_o game_n and_o show_n and_o therefore_o very_a many_o of_o their_o custom_n have_v a_o dependence_n on_o those_o solemnity_n but_o in_o our_o way_n we_o shall_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o private_a sport_n and_o diversion_n not_o that_o they_o be_v worth_a our_o notice_n in_o themselves_o but_o because_o many_o passage_n and_o allusion_n in_o author_n will_v otherwise_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o apprehend_v the_o private_a game_n particular_o worth_a our_o remark_n be_v the_o latrunculi_fw-la the_o tali_fw-la and_o tesserae_fw-la the_o pila_fw-la the_o par_fw-fr impar_fw-la and_o the_o trochus_n the_o game_n at_o latrunculi_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o the_o modern_a chess_n the_o original_a of_o it_o be_v general_o refer_v to_o palamedes_n his_o invention_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n though_o seneca_n attribute_n it_o to_o chilon_n one_o of_o the_o seven_o grecian_a sage_n and_o some_o fancy_n that_o pyrrhus_n king_n of_o epirus_n contrive_v this_o sport_n to_o instruct_v his_o soldier_n after_o a_o divert_v manner_n in_o the_o military_a art_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o express_v the_o chance_n and_o order_n of_o war_n so_o very_o happy_o that_o no_o place_n can_v lay_v so_o just_a a_o claim_n to_o the_o invention_n as_o the_o camp_n thus_o the_o ingenious_a vida_n begin_v his_o poem_n on_o this_o subject_a ludimus_fw-la effigiem_fw-la belli_fw-la simulataque_fw-la veris_fw-la praelia_fw-la buxo_fw-la acies_fw-la fictas_fw-la &_o ludicra_fw-la regna_fw-la ut_fw-la geminy_n inter_fw-la se_fw-la reges_fw-la albusque_fw-la nigerque_fw-la pro_fw-la land_n oppositi_fw-la certant_fw-la bicoloribus_fw-la armis_fw-la war_n harmless_a shape_n we_o sing_v and_o box_n train_n of_o youth_n encounter_v on_o the_o cedar_n plains_n how_o two_o tall_a king_n by_o different_a armour_n know_v traverse_v
difficilis_fw-la turget_fw-la paganica_fw-la plumâ_fw-la tolle_n minùs_fw-la laxa_fw-la est_fw-la &_o minùs_fw-la arcta_fw-la pilâ_fw-la the_o last_o sort_n be_v the_o harpastum_fw-la a_o hard_a kind_n of_o ball_n which_o they_o play_v with_o divide_v into_o two_o company_n and_o strive_v to_o throw_v it_o through_o one_o another_o goal_n which_o be_v the_o conquer_a cast_n the_o game_n at_o par_fw-fr impar_fw-la or_o even_o and_o odd_a be_v not_o worth_a take_v notice_n of_o any_o far_a than_o to_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o proper_a to_o the_o child_n as_o be_v general_o fancy_v for_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o suetonius_n that_o it_o be_v sometime_o use_v at_o feast_n and_o entertainment_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o die_n and_o chess_n 71._o chess_n see_v sueton._n in_o aug._n cap._n 71._o the_o trochus_n have_v be_v often_o think_v the_o same_o as_o the_o turbo_n or_o top_n or_o else_o of_o like_a nature_n with_o our_o billiard_n but_o both_o these_o opinion_n be_v now_o explode_v by_o the_o curious_a the_o trochus_n therefore_o be_v proper_o a_o hoop_n of_o iron_n five_o or_o six_o foot_n diameter_n set_v all_o over_o in_o the_o inside_n with_o iron_n ring_v the_o boy_n and_o young_a man_n use_v to_o whirl_v this_o along_o as_o our_o child_n do_v the_o wooden_a hoop_n direct_v it_o with_o a_o rod_n of_o iron_n have_v a_o wooden_a handle_n which_o rod_n the_o grecian_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o roman_n radius_fw-la there_o be_v need_n of_o great_a dexterity_n to_o guide_v the_o hoop_n right_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o ring_n by_o the_o clatter_n which_o they_o make_v not_o only_o give_v the_o people_n notice_n to_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o the_o boy_n be_v diversion_n 24._o diversion_n see_v dacier_n on_o horace_n book_n 3_o od._n 24._o we_o must_v take_v care_v not_o to_o think_v this_o only_a a_o childish_a exercise_n since_o we_o find_v horace_n rank_v it_o with_o the_o other_o manly_a sport_n ludere_fw-la qui_fw-la nescit_fw-la campestribus_fw-la abstinet_fw-la armis_fw-la indoctusve_fw-la pilae_fw-la discive_a trochive_fw-mi quiescit_fw-la poet_n quiescit_fw-la de_fw-fr art_n poet_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o circensian_a show_n and_o first_o of_o the_o pentathlum_n the_o chariot-race_n the_o ludus_fw-la trojae_fw-la and_o the_o pyrrhica_fw-la saltatio_fw-la it_o be_v hard_a to_o light_v on_o any_o tolerable_a division_n which_o will_v take_v in_o all_o the_o public_a sport_n and_o show_n but_o the_o most_o accurate_a seem_v to_o be_v that_o which_o rank_n they_o under_o two_o head_n ludi_fw-la circenses_fw-la and_o ludi_fw-la scenici_fw-la but_o because_o this_o division_n be_v make_v only_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o solemnity_n and_o of_o the_o place_n of_o action_n there_o be_v need_n of_o another_o to_o express_v the_o end_n and_o design_n of_o their_o institution_n and_o this_o may_v be_v ludi_fw-la sacri_fw-la votivi_fw-la and_o funebres_fw-la the_o circensian_a play_n may_v very_o well_o include_v the_o representation_n of_o sea-fight_n and_o the_o sport_n perform_v in_o the_o amphitheatre_n for_o the_o former_a be_v common_o exhibit_v in_o the_o circo_n fist_a for_o that_o use_n and_o when_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o naumachiae_n as_o place_n distinct_a from_o the_o circo_n we_o suppose_v the_o structure_n to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o as_o to_o the_o amphitheatre_n they_o be_v invent_v for_o the_o more_o convenient_a celebration_n of_o some_o particular_a show_n which_o use_v before_o to_o be_v present_v in_o the_o circo_n so_o that_o in_o this_o extent_n of_o the_o head_n we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o of_o the_o pentathlum_n of_o the_o chariot-race_n of_o the_o ludus_fw-la trojae_fw-la of_o the_o show_v of_o wild_a beast_n of_o the_o combat_n of_o the_o gladiator_n and_o of_o the_o naumachiae_n the_o pentathlum_n or_o quinquertium_fw-la as_o most_o of_o their_o other_o sport_n be_v borrow_a from_o the_o grecian_a game_n the_o five_o exercise_n that_o compose_v it_o be_v run_v wrestle_a leap_v throw_v and_o box_v the_o two_o last_o have_v something_o particular_o worth_a our_o notice_n the_o former_a of_o they_o be_v sometime_o perform_v with_o the_o disous_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o cestus_n the_o discus_fw-la or_o quoit_v be_v make_v of_o stone_n iron_n or_o copper_n five_o or_o six_o finger_n broad_a and_o more_o than_o a_o foot_n long_o incline_v to_o a_o oval_a figure_n they_o send_v this_o to_o a_o vast_a distance_n by_o help_n of_o a_o leathern_a thong_n tie_v round_o the_o person_n be_v hand_n that_o throw_v several_a learned_a man_n have_v fancy_v that_o instead_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a thong_n they_o make_v use_v of_o a_o twist_n or_o brede_n of_o hair_n but_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v be_v deceive_v by_o that_o passage_n of_o claudian_n quis_fw-la melius_fw-la vibrata_fw-la pver_fw-la vertigine_fw-la molli_fw-la membra_fw-la rotet_fw-la vertat_fw-la quis_fw-la marmora_fw-la crine_fw-la supino_fw-la what_o youth_n can_v wind_v his_o limb_n with_o happy_a care_n or_o fling_v the_o marble_n quoit_v with_o toss_v back_o hair_n where_o the_o poet_n by_o crine_fw-la supino_fw-la intend_v only_a to_o express_v the_o extreme_a motion_n of_o the_o person_n throw_v it_o be_v very_o natural_a on_o that_o account_n to_o cast_v back_o his_o head_n and_o so_o make_v the_o hair_n fly_v out_o behind_o he_o 8._o he_o see_v dacier_n on_o herace_n book_n 1_o od._n 8._o homer_n have_v make_v ajax_n and_o ulysses_n both_o great_a artist_n at_o this_o sport_n and_o ovid_n when_o he_o bring_v in_o apollo_n and_o hyacinth_n play_v at_o it_o give_v a_o elegant_a description_n of_o the_o exercise_n corpora_fw-la veste_fw-la levant_a &_o succo_n pinguis_fw-la olivae_fw-la splendescunt_fw-la latiq_fw-la incunt_fw-la certamina_fw-la disci_fw-la quem_fw-la priùs_fw-la derias_fw-la libratum_fw-la phoebus_n in_o auras_fw-la misit_fw-la &_o oppositas_fw-la disjecit_fw-la pondere_fw-la nubes_fw-la decidit_fw-la in_o solidam_fw-la longo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la terram_fw-la pondus_fw-la &_o exhibuit_fw-la junctam_fw-la cum_fw-la viribus_fw-la artem_fw-la 10._o artem_fw-la metamorphos_n 10._o they_o strip_v and_o wash_v their_o naked_a limb_n with_o oil_n to_o whirl_v the_o quoit_n and_o urge_v the_o sportive_a toil._n and_o first_o the_o god_n his_o well-poized_a marble_n fling_v cut_v the_o weak_a air_n and_o bear_v the_o cloud_n along_o sound_a at_o last_n the_o massy_a circle_n fall_v and_o show_v his_o strength_n a_o rival_n to_o his_o skill_n scaliger_n who_o attribute_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o whole_a pentathlum_n to_o the_o rude_a countrypeople_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o throw_v the_o discus_fw-la be_v but_o a_o improvement_n of_o their_o old_a sport_n of_o cast_v their_o sheep-hook_n this_o conjecture_n seem_v very_o likely_a to_o have_v be_v borrow_a from_o a_o passage_n of_o homer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ψ._n 〈◊〉_d iliad_n ψ._n as_o when_o some_o sturdy_a hind_n his_o sheephook_n throw_v which_o whirl_v light_n among_o the_o distant_a cow_n so_o far_o the_o hero_n cast_v over_o all_o the_o mark_n and_o indeed_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o same_o critic_n that_o these_o exercise_n owe_v their_o original_a to_o the_o life_n of_o shepherd_n be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o his_o admire_a virgil_n have_v admirable_o teach_v he_o in_o the_o second_o georgick_a ipse_fw-la dies_fw-la agitat_fw-la festos_fw-la fususque_fw-la per_fw-la herbam_fw-la ignis_fw-la ubi_fw-la in_o medio_fw-la &_o socii_fw-la cratera_fw-la coronant_fw-la te_fw-la libens_fw-la lenaee_fw-la vocat_fw-la pecorisque_fw-la magistris_fw-la velocis_fw-la jaculi_fw-la certamina_fw-la ponit_fw-la in_o ulmo_fw-la corporaque_fw-la agresti_fw-la nudat_fw-la praedura_fw-it palaestrâ_fw-la when_o any_o rural_a holiday_n invite_v his_o genius_n forth_o to_o innocent_a delight_n on_o earth_n fair_a bed_n beneath_o some_o sacred_a shade_n amid_o his_o equal_a friend_n careless_o lay_v he_o sing_v thou_o bacchus_n patron_n of_o the_o vine_n the_o beechen_a bowl_n foam_v with_o a_o flood_n of_o wine_n not_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o reason_n or_o of_o strength_n to_o active_a game_n and_o manly_a sport_n at_o length_n their_o mirth_n ascend_v and_o with_o full_a vein_n they_o see_v who_o can_v the_o best_a at_o better_a trial_n be_v mr._n cowley_n the_o cestus_n be_v either_o a_o sort_n of_o leathern_a guard_n for_o the_o hand_n compose_v of_o thong_n and_o common_o fill_v with_o lead_n or_o iron_n to_o add_v force_n and_o weight_n to_o the_o blow_n or_o according_a to_o other_o a_o kind_n of_o whorlbar_n or_o bludgeon_n of_o wood_n with_o lead_n at_o one_o end_n though_o scaliger_n censure_v the_o last_o opinion_n as_o ridiculous_a and_o therefore_o he_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o girdle_n or_o belt_n 22._o belt_n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi poetic_a lib._n 1._o cap._n 22._o this_o exercise_n be_v most_o admirable_o
describe_v by_o virgil_n in_o the_o combat_n of_o dares_n and_o entellus_n aeneid_n 5._o the_o famous_a artist_n at_o the_o cestus_n be_v eryx_n of_o sicily_n overcome_v at_o last_o at_o his_o own_o weapon_n by_o hercules_n pollux_n too_o be_v as_o great_a a_o master_n of_o this_o art_n as_o his_o brother_n castor_n at_o encounter_n on_o horseback_n the_o fight_n of_o pollux_n and_o amycus_n with_o the_o cestus_n be_v excellent_o relate_v by_o theocitus_n idyllium_n 30._o the_o chariot_n race_n occur_v as_o frequent_o as_o any_o of_o the_o circensian_a sport_n the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n belong_v to_o they_o be_v the_o faction_n or_o company_n of_o the_o charioteer_n according_a to_o which_o the_o whole_a town_n be_v divide_v some_o favour_v one_o company_n and_o some_o another_o the_o four_o ancient_a company_n be_v the_o prasina_fw-la the_o russata_fw-la the_o alba_n and_o the_o veneta_n the_o green_a the_o red_a the_o white_a and_o the_o sky-coloured_a or_o sea-coloured_a 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satyr_n and_o with_o a_o fine_a stroke_n of_o his_o pen_n handsome_o censure_v the_o strange_a pleasure_n which_o the_o roman_n take_v in_o these_o sight_n mihi_fw-la pace_fw-la immensae_fw-la nimiaeque_fw-la licet_fw-la si_fw-la dicere_fw-la plebis_fw-la totam_fw-la hodiè_fw-la romam_fw-la circus_fw-la capit_fw-la &_o fragor_fw-la aurem_fw-la percutit_fw-la eventum_fw-la viridis_fw-la quo_fw-la colligo_fw-la panni_fw-la nam_fw-la si_fw-la deficeret_fw-la moestam_fw-la attonitamque_fw-la videres_fw-la hanc_fw-la urbem_fw-la veluti_fw-la cannarum_fw-la in_o pulvere_fw-la victis_fw-la consulibus_fw-la this_o day_n all_o rome_n if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v without_o offence_n to_o such_o a_o numerous_a crowd_n to_o say_v all_o rome_n will_v in_o the_o circus_n sweat_n echo_v already_o to_o their_o shout_n repeat_v methinks_v i_o hear_v the_o cry_n away_o away_o the_o green_z have_v win_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o day_n oh_o shall_v these_o sport_n be_v but_o one_o year_n forbear_v rome_n will_v in_o tear_n her_o love_a diversion_n mourn_v and_o that_o will_v now_o a_o cause_n of_o sorrow_n yield_v great_a as_o the_o loss_n of_o cannae_n fatal_a field_n mr._n congreve_n the_o emperor_n domitian_n as_o suetonius_n inform_v we_o add_v two_o new_a company_n to_o the_o former_a the_o golden_a and_o the_o purple_a 7._o purple_a domitian_n cap._n 7._o xiphilin_n call_v they_o the_o golden_a and_o the_o silver_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n because_o the_o silver_n livery_n will_v not_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o distinguish_v from_o the_o white_a but_o these_o new_a company_n be_v soon_o after_o lay_v down_o again_o by_o the_o follow_a emperor_n locum_fw-la emperor_n lip_n com._n in_o locum_fw-la in_o ordinary_a read_n we_o meet_v only_o with_o the_o bigae_fw-la and_o the_o quadrigae_fw-la but_o they_o have_v sometime_o their_o sejuge_n septemjuges_n etc._n etc._n and_o suetonius_n assure_v we_o that_o nero_n when_o he_o be_v a_o performer_n in_o the_o olympic_a game_n make_v use_v of_o a_o decemjugis_fw-la or_o chariot_n draw_v with_o ten_o horse_n couple_v together_o 24._o together_o suet._n ner._n cap._n 24._o the_o same_o emperor_n sometime_o bring_v in_o pair_n of_o camel_n to_o run_v in_o the_o circo_fw-la instead_o of_o horse_n 11._o horse_n idem_fw-la cap._n 11._o and_o heliogabalus_n oblige_v elephant_n to_o the_o same_o service_n heliogab_n service_n lamprid._n in_o heliogab_n the_o race_n be_v common_o end_v at_o seven_o turn_n round_o the_o metae_fw-la though_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n we_o now_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o few_o heat_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o usual_a number_n of_o missus_fw-la or_o match_n be_v twenty_o four_o though_o sometime_o a_o far_o great_a number_n be_v exhibit_v for_o suetonius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n domitian_n present_v a_o hundred_o match_n in_o one_o day_n 4._o day_n domit._n cap._n 4._o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n will_v have_v we_o believe_v it_o be_v impossible_a this_o shall_v be_v mean_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o match_n but_o only_o of_o the_o chariot_n so_o as_o to_o make_v no_o more_o than_o twenty_o five_o missus_fw-la but_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o critic_n who_o have_v commented_a on_o suetonius_n servius_n 3._o servius_n ad_fw-la georg._n 3._o on_o the_o verse_n of_o virgil_n centum_fw-la quadrijugos_fw-la agitabo_fw-la ad_fw-la flumina_fw-la currus_fw-la take_v occasion_n to_o inform_v we_o that_o ancient_o there_o be_v always_o twenty_o five_o match_n of_o chariot_n four_o in_o every_o match_n so_o as_o to_o make_v a_o hundred_o in_o all_o the_o last_o missus_fw-la be_v set_v out_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o people_n who_o make_v a_o gather_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v aerarius_n but_o when_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o supernumerary_n missus_fw-la be_v lay_v aside_o the_o match_n be_v no_o more_o than_o twenty_o four_o at_o a_o time_n yet_o the_o last_o four_o chariot_n 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victor_n in_o these_o sport_n be_v honour_v with_o garland_n coronet_n and_o other_o ornament_n after_o the_o grecian_a manner_n and_o very_o often_o with_o considerable_a reward_n in_o money_n insomuch_o that_o juvenal_n make_v one_o eminent_a charioteer_n able_a to_o buy_v a_o hundred_o lawyer_n hinc_fw-la centum_fw-la patrimonia_fw-la causidicorum_fw-la parte_fw-la aliâ_fw-la solum_fw-la russati_fw-la pone_fw-la lacertae_fw-la sat._n 7._o it_o have_v be_v already_o hint_v that_o they_o reckon_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o race_n from_o the_o pass_n by_o the_o meta_n the_o seven_o time_n and_o this_o propertius_n express_o confirm_v book_n 2._o eleg._n 24._o aut_fw-la prius_fw-la infecto_fw-la deposcit_fw-la praemia_fw-la cursu_fw-la septima_fw-la quà m_fw-la metam_fw-la triverit_fw-la arte_fw-la rota_fw-la what_o charioteer_n will_v with_o the_o crown_n be_v grace_v ere_o his_o seven_o wheel_n the_o mark_n have_v light_o pass_v so_o that_o the_o great_a specimen_fw-la of_o art_n and_o sleight_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v to_o avoid_v the_o metae_fw-la handsome_o when_o they_o make_v their_o turn_n otherwise_o the_o chariot_n and_o the_o driver_n will_v come_v off_o with_o great_a danger_n as_o well_o as_o disgrace_n metaque_fw-la fervidis_fw-la evitata_fw-la rotis_fw-la horace_n on_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o theocritus_n when_o he_o give_v a_o relation_n of_o the_o exercise_n in_o which_o they_o instruct_v young_a hercules_n assign_v he_o in_o this_o point_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n his_o own_o father_n for_o his_o tutor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o drive_v the_o chariot_n and_o with_o steady_a skill_n to_o turn_v and_o yet_o not_o break_v the_o bend_a wheel_n amphitruo_n kind_o do_v instruct_v his_o son_n great_a in_o that_o art_n for_o he_o himself_o have_v win_v vast_a precious_a prize_n on_o the_o argive_a plain_n and_o still_o the_o chariot_n which_o he_o
by_o the_o frequency_n of_o funeral_n fire_n the_o place_n then_o appoint_v for_o burial_n without_o the_o city_n be_v either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a place_n be_v the_o field_n or_o garden_n belong_v to_o particular_a family_n hence_o martial_n take_v the_o jest_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epigram_n on_o a_o gentleman_n that_o have_v bury_v abundance_n of_o wife_n septima_fw-la jam_fw-la phileros_n tibi_fw-la conditur_fw-la uxor_fw-la in_o agro_fw-la plus_fw-fr nulli_fw-la phileros_n quà m_fw-la tibi_fw-la reddit_fw-la agre_z if_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o always_o bury_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o field_n or_o garden_n which_o lie_v near_a to_o the_o common_a road_n both_o to_o put_v passenger_n in_o mind_n of_o mortality_n and_o to_o save_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o land_n thus_o juvenal_n sat._n 1._o experiar_fw-la quid_fw-la concedatur_fw-la in_o illos_fw-la quorum_fw-la flaminiâ_fw-la tegitur_fw-la cinis_fw-la atque_fw-la latinâ_fw-la and_o we_o have_v scarce_o any_o relation_n of_o a_o bury_v in_o author_n but_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o urn_n be_v lay_v near_o such_o a_o way_n propertius_n be_v very_o carne_a in_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v bury_v after_o this_o ordinary_a custom_n near_o a_o celebrate_a road_n for_o fear_v it_o shall_v disturb_v his_o shade_n dii_fw-la faciant_fw-la mea_fw-la ne_fw-la terrâ_fw-la locet_fw-la ossa_fw-la frequenti_fw-la quà _fw-la facit_fw-la assiduo_fw-la tramite_fw-la vulgus_fw-la iter_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la tumuli_fw-la sic_fw-la infamantur_fw-la amantum_fw-la i_fw-mi tegat_fw-la arboneâ_fw-la devia_fw-la terra_fw-la comâ_fw-la aut_fw-la humet_fw-la ignotae_fw-la cumulus_fw-la vallatus_fw-la arenae_fw-la non_fw-la juvat_fw-la in_o mediâ_fw-la nomen_fw-la habere_fw-la viâ_fw-la lib._n 3._o eleg._n 15._o the_o public_a bury_v place_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o which_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o those_o which_o be_v put_v to_o this_o use_v only_o at_o the_o funeral_n of_o great_a person_n the_o former_a be_v the_o puticulae_fw-la or_o puticuli_fw-la without_o the_o esquilian_a gate_n they_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v put_v to_o no_o other_o use_v than_o the_o bury_n the_o bone_n and_o ash_n of_o person_n of_o the_o low_a rank_n who_o have_v no_o private_a place_n of_o their_o own_o to_o lay_v the_o corpse_n in_o but_o because_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o bone_n deposit_v here_o infect_v the_o air_n render_v the_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o city_n unhealthy_a augustus_n give_v away_o a_o great_a many_o acre_n of_o this_o common_a field_n to_o his_o favourite_n maecenas_n who_o turn_v it_o into_o fine_a garden_n this_o horace_n tell_v we_o at_o large_a book_n 1_o sat._n 8._o huc_fw-la priùs_fw-la angustis_fw-la ejecta_fw-la cadavera_fw-la cellis_fw-la conservus_fw-la vili_fw-la portanda_fw-la locabat_fw-la in_o arca_fw-la hic_fw-la miserae_fw-la plebi_fw-la stabat_fw-la common_a sepulchrum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o public_a place_n assign_v for_o the_o burial_n of_o great_a person_n be_v common_o the_o campus_n martius_n this_o honour_n can_v not_o be_v procure_v but_o by_o a_o public_a decrec_n of_o senate_n and_o be_v never_o confer_v but_o on_o man_n of_o the_o high_a station_n and_o merit_n thus_o plutarch_n relate_v of_o lucullus_n and_z pompey_z appian_n of_o sylla_n 1._o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 1._o suetonius_n of_o drusus_n 1._o drusus_n claud._n cap._n 1._o and_o virgil_n of_o marcellus_n quantus_fw-la ille_fw-la virûm_fw-la magnam_fw-la mavortis_fw-la ad_fw-la urbem_fw-la campus_n aget_fw-la gemitus_fw-la well_fw-mi quae_fw-la tiberine_n videbis_fw-la funera_fw-la cum_fw-la tumulum_fw-la praeterlabere_fw-la recentem_fw-la aen._n 6._o cicero_n in_o his_o nine_o philippic_n report_v that_o servius_n sulpitius_n upon_o account_n of_o his_o many_o signal_n service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o public_a sepulchre_n in_o the_o campus_n esquilinus_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n where_o he_o please_v thirty_o foot_n in_o dimension_n every_o way_n and_o to_o remain_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o posterity_n but_o there_o be_v not_o many_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a practice_n it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o bury_v without_o the_o city_n but_o we_o must_v except_v some_o sepulcher_n as_o those_o of_o the_o vestal_a virgin_n who_o servius_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o burying-place_n within_o the_o city_n 9_o city_n ad_fw-la aen._n 9_o the_o same_o honour_n be_v allow_v to_o some_o extraordinary_a person_n as_o to_o valerius_n poplicola_n life_n poplicola_n plutarch_n in_o his_o life_n and_o to_o fabritius_n cicero_n fabritius_n cicero_n be_v to_o continue_v to_o their_o heir_n yet_o none_o of_o the_o family_n be_v afterward_o there_o inter_v but_o the_o body_n be_v carry_v thither_o one_o place_v a_o burn_a torch_n under_o it_o and_o then_o immediate_o take_v it_o away_o as_o a_o attestation_n of_o the_o deceas'd_n privilege_n and_o his_o recede_v from_o his_o honour_n and_o then_o the_o body_n be_v remove_v to_o another_o place_n have_v do_v with_o the_o carry_v forth_o we_o come_v to_o the_o act_n of_o burial_n the_o corpse_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o manner_n already_o describe_v without_o the_o city_n if_o they_o design_v to_o burn_v it_o be_v carry_v direct_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n which_o if_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o sepulchre_n be_v call_v bustum_fw-la if_o separate_v from_o it_o vstrina_n and_o there_o lay_v on_o the_o rogus_fw-la or_o pyra_n a_o pile_n of_o wood_n prepare_v to_o burn_v it_o on_o this_o pile_n be_v build_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o altar_n differ_v in_o height_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o virgil_n in_o the_o funeral_n of_o misenus_n aen._n 6._o aramque_fw-la sepulchri_fw-la congerere_fw-la arboribus_fw-la coeloque_fw-la educere_fw-la certant_fw-la and_o ovid_n against_o ibis_n et_fw-la dare_v plebeio_fw-la corpus_fw-la inane_fw-la rogo_fw-la the_o tree_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o be_v common_o such_o as_o have_v most_o pitch_n or_o rosin_n in_o they_o and_o if_o they_o take_v any_o other_o wood_n they_o split_v it_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a catch_a fire_n procumbunt_fw-la piceae_fw-la sonat_fw-la icta_fw-la securibus_fw-la ilex_fw-la fraxineaeque_fw-la trabes_fw-la cuneis_fw-la &_o fissile_a robur_fw-la scinditur_fw-la virg._n aen._n 6._o round_o about_o the_o pile_n they_o use_v to_o set_v a_o parcel_n of_o cypress-tree_n perhaps_o to_o hinder_v the_o noisome_a smell_n of_o the_o corpse_n this_o observation_n be_v owe_v to_o virgil_n in_o the_o same_o place_n ingentem_fw-la struxere_fw-la pyram_fw-la cvi_fw-la frondibus_fw-la atris_fw-la intexunt_fw-la latera_fw-la &_o ferales_fw-la ante_fw-la cupressus_fw-la constituunt_fw-la that_o the_o body_n be_v place_v on_o the_o pile_n not_o by_o itself_o but_o together_o with_o the_o couch_n or_o bed_n on_o which_o it_o lay_v we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o tibullus_n book_n 1_o el._n 1._o flebis_fw-la &_o arsuro_fw-la positum_fw-la i_o delia_n lecto_fw-la this_o be_v do_v the_o next_o of_o blood_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n of_o light_v the_o pile_n which_o they_o do_v with_o a_o torch_n turn_v their_o face_n all_o the_o while_n the_o other_o way_n as_o if_o it_o be_v do_v out_o of_o necessity_n and_o not_o willing_o thus_o virgil_n aen._n 6._o subjectam_fw-la more_fw-it parentum_fw-la aversi_fw-la tenuere_fw-la facem_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o the_o wood_n take_v fire_n they_o wish_v and_o pray_v for_o a_o wind_n to_o assist_v the_o flame_n and_o hasten_v the_o consume_n of_o the_o body_n which_o they_o look_v on_o as_o a_o fortunate_a accident_n thus_o cynthia_n in_o propertius_n cur_n ventos_fw-la non_fw-la ipse_fw-la rogis_fw-la ingrate_fw-it petisti_fw-la and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o sylla_n report_n that_o the_o day_n be_v cloudy_a over_o head_n they_o defer_v carry_v forth_o the_o corpse_n till_o about_o three_o in_o the_o afternoon_n expect_v it_o will_v rain_v but_o a_o strong_a wind_n blow_v full_a against_o the_o funeral-pile_n and_o set_v it_o all_o on_o a_o flame_n his_o body_n be_v consume_v in_o a_o moment_n as_o the_o pile_n shrink_v down_o and_o the_o fire_n be_v upon_o go_v out_o the_o cloud_n shower_v down_o and_o continue_v rain_v till_o night_n so_o that_o his_o good_a fortune_n be_v firm_a even_o to_o the_o last_o and_o do_v as_o it_o be_v officiate_v at_o his_o funeral_n at_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o renown_a general_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o wood_n be_v light_v the_o soldier_n and_o all_o the_o company_n make_v a_o solemn_a course_n decursio_fw-la three_o time_n round_a the_o pile_n to_o show_v their_o affection_n to_o the_o decease_a of_o which_o we_o have_v numerous_a example_n in_o history_n virgil_n have_v not_o forget_v to_o express_v this_o custom_n ter_n circum_fw-la accensos_fw-la cincti_fw-la fulgentibus_fw-la armis_fw-la decurrere_fw-la rogos_fw-la ter_z moestum_fw-la funeris_fw-la ignem_fw-la lustravere_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la ululatusque_fw-la ore_fw-la dedere_fw-la aen._n 11._o the_o body_n never_o burn_v without_o