brethrenâ—_n who_o he_o will_v perfect_v in_o virtue_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o ordinary_o tell_v he_o that_o their_o father_n have_v the_o art_n of_o be_v virtuous_a venuâ—m_o say_v he_o to_o he_o have_v the_o art_n of_o polish_n his_o reason_n and_o his_o person_n the_o second_o book_n from_o whence_o cemçu_fw-fr cite_v his_o authority_n and_o example_n be_v call_v tar-kia_a this_o book_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n ancient_a than_o the_o first_o be_v write_v by_o a_o famous_a emperor_n of_o xam_n name_v y-yin_a it_o be_v therein_o read_v that_o this_o y-yin_a see_v tar-kia_a the_o grandson_n of_o the_o emperor_n chimtam_a degenerate_a from_o the_o virtue_n of_o his_o illustrious_a ancestor_n and_o carry_v himself_o after_o a_o manner_n whole_o different_a from_o they_o he_o command_v he_o to_o live_v three_o year_n in_o a_o garden_n where_o be_v his_o grandfather_n tomb_n that_o this_o make_v so_o great_a a_o impression_n upon_o his_o spirit_n that_o he_o change_v his_o course_n and_o that_o the_o same_o y-yin_a who_o have_v do_v he_o so_o kind_a a_o office_n have_v afterward_o advance_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n tar-kia_a govern_v it_o a_o long_a time_n in_o great_a prosperity_n king_n tamburlaine_n say_v y-yin_a to_o tar-kia_a king_n tamburlaine_n always_o have_v his_o mind_n dispose_v to_o cultivate_v that_o precious_a reason_n which_o hâ—â—_n be_v give_v we_o from_o heaven_n in_o fine_a the_o three_o book_n which_o be_v much_o ancient_a than_o the_o two_o former_a be_v call_v ti-tien_a and_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o king_n yaâ—_n it_o be_v there_o read_v that_o this_o prince_n can_v cultivate_v this_o sublime_a virtue_n this_o great_a and_o sublime_a gift_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n viz._n natural_a reason_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o confucius_n disciple_n by_o these_o authority_n design_v to_o show_v or_o rather_o suppose_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n believe_v that_o we_o have_v all_o receive_v from_o heaven_n those_o light_n which_o most_o man_n suffer_v to_o extinguish_v by_o their_o negligence_n a_o reason_n which_o most_o man_n voluntary_o slight_a and_o suffer_v to_o corrupt_v and_o see_v that_o there_o be_v prince_n which_o have_v perfect_v these_o light_n which_o have_v better_v and_o improve_v their_o reason_n we_o ought_v to_o imitate_v they_o and_o that_o we_o as_o well_o as_o they_o by_o their_o endeavour_n may_v attain_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n we_o must_v not_o here_o forget_v a_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o cemçu_fw-fr relate_v touch_v a_o basin_n wherein_o king_n tam_fw-la use_v to_o bathe_v and_o wash_v himself_o he_o say_v that_o these_o excellent_a word_n be_v there_o engrave_v wash_v thyself_o renew_v thyself_o continual_o renew_v thyself_o every_o day_n renew_v thyself_o from_o day_n to_o day_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o intimate_v to_o the_o king_n that_o if_o â—_o prince_n which_o govern_v other_o have_v contract_v vice_n and_o impurity_n he_o ought_v to_o labour_v to_o cleanse_v himself_o therefrom_o and_o to_o reduce_v his_o heart_n into_o its_o first_o state_n of_o purity_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n to_o grave_n or_o paint_v on_o their_o domestic_a vessel_n some_o moral_a sentence_n and_o strong_a exhortation_n to_o virtue_n so_o that_o when_o they_o bathe_v themselves_o or_o take_v their_o repast_n there_o they_o have_v these_o sentence_n and_o exhortation_n continual_o before_o their_o eye_n this_o ancient_a custom_n be_v still_o preserve_v there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n say_v he_o that_o publish_v confucius_n work_n that_o whereas_o heretofore_o the_o character_n be_v grave_v or_o paint_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o interior_a face_n at_o present_a the_o chineses_n do_v most_o frequent_o grave_a or_o paint_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n satisfy_v themselves_o in_o this_o age_n with_o the_o outward_a appearance_n of_o virtue_n after_o cemçu_fw-fr have_v speak_v of_o the_o two_o â—irst_n part_n of_o his_o master_n doctrine_n the_o one_o of_o which_o respect_v what_o a_o prince_n shall_v do_v for_o his_o own_o perfection_n and_o the_o other_o what_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v for_o the_o perfection_n and_o prosperity_n of_o other_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o and_o last_o part_n wherein_o he_o discourse_v of_o the_o last_o end_n that_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o propose_v as_o thâ—_n sovereign_a good_a and_o whereat_o he_o ought_v to_o fix_v we_o must_v remember_v that_o by_o the_o last_o end_n and_o sovereign_n good_a confucius_n understand_v as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v a_o entire_a conformity_n of_o our_o â—_z with_o right_a reason_n after_o this_o he_o allege_v the_o example_n of_o that_o venvam_fw-la already_o speak_v of_o and_o certain_o this_o prince_n conduct_n be_v so_o wise_a and_o regular_a that_o we_o can_v without_o admiration_n understand_v how_o by_o the_o sole_a light_n of_o nature_n he_o can_v have_v such_o idea_n as_o he_o have_v and_o can_v arrive_v at_o so_o sublime_a a_o virtue_n as_o that_o whereunto_o he_o attain_v it_o will_v not_o be_v unpleasing_a to_o see_v something_o of_o it_o here_o venvam_fw-la say_v the_o commentator_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o love_n which_o prince_n bear_v to_o their_o subject_n can_v but_o great_o contribute_v right_o to_o govern_v and_o make_v they_o happy_a and_o upon_o this_o consideration_n he_o make_v this_o love_n his_o principal_a business_n which_o he_o incessant_o endeavour_v to_o perfect_v behold_v the_o method_n he_o take_v because_o that_o the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o subject_a be_v to_o honour_n and_o respect_v his_o king_n venvam_n be_v as_o yet_o a_o subject_a fix_v himself_o to_o render_v this_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o take_v so_o great_a a_o pleasure_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o obligation_n that_o he_o always_o fulfil_v they_o with_o great_a fidelity_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o important_a virtue_n of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n be_v obedience_n venvam_n in_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o son_n adhere_v to_o this_o obedience_n and_o incessant_o acquit_v himself_o of_o this_o duty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a piety_n the_o principal_a virtue_n of_o a_o father_n add_v confucius_n disciple_n be_v a_o tender_a love_n for_o his_o child_n thus_o venvam_n like_o a_o father_n stick_v close_o to_o this_o love_n whereof_o he_o contiâ—nally_o give_v very_a signal_n proof_n not_o by_o a_o weak_a and_o criminal_a indulgence_n but_o by_o the_o continual_a care_n he_o take_v to_o reform_v and_o instruct_v they_o in_o fine_a fidelity_n be_v a_o virtue_n absolute_o necessary_a to_o thosâ—_n that_o live_v in_o a_o society_n thus_o venuâ—m_n in_o speak_v and_o act_v with_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o kingdom_n keep_v close_o to_o this_o duty_n and_o so_o strong_o adhere_v to_o it_o that_o he_o never_o promise_v any_o thing_n which_o he_o effect_v not_o with_o a_o unspeakable_a promtitude_n and_o exactness_n this_o prince_n ses_fw-fr cemçu_fw-fr be_v bear_v of_o very_o virtuous_a parent_n who_o have_v take_v great_a care_n of_o his_o education_n especial_o his_o mother_n taicin_n who_o have_v be_v a_o pattern_n of_o virtue_n but_o he_o himself_o have_v so_o well_o improve_v this_o education_n â—hat_n he_o render_v himself_o a_o accomplish_a prince_n and_o acquit_v himself_o with_o so_o much_o reputation_n and_o such_o a_o general_a esteem_n even_o among_o foreign_a nation_n that_o forty_o four_o kingdom_n voluntary_o submit_v to_o his_o empire_n nevertheless_o add_v he_o this_o great_a honour_n wherewith_o he_o be_v environ_v be_v never_o capable_a of_o eclipse_v he_o he_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o inexpressible_a and_o unparalleled_a modesty_n and_o humility_n he_o very_o severe_o accuse_v himself_o of_o not_o be_v virtuous_a enough_o for_o one_o day_n when_o he_o be_v sick_a the_o earth_n be_v shake_v with_o prodigious_a earthquake_n he_o seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o wrath_n of_o heaven_n only_o in_o his_o own_o sin_n although_o he_o be_v of_o a_o consummate_v virtue_n that_o which_o most_o appear_v in_o venvam_n action_n be_v a_o extraordinary_a charity_n a_o proof_n whereof_o we_o will_v here_o allege_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o china_n it_o be_v record_v that_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v in_o the_o field_n the_o bone_n of_o a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o honour_n of_o burying_n be_v refuse_v he_o immediate_o command_v they_o to_o be_v inter_v and_o some_o of_o thâ—_n bystander_n say_v that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v unknown_a and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o may_v not_o concern_v himself_o it_o be_v found_v perhaps_o on_o some_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n what_o reply_v the_o king_n he_o that_o hold_v the_o reins_o of_o the_o empire_n be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o it_o he_o that_o reign_v be_v not_o he_o the_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o be_o
be_v impossible_a to_o be_v repair_v any_o other_o way_n than_o by_o consult_v the_o most_o age_a person_n that_o may_v have_v preserve_v any_o idea_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v that_o the_o work_n be_v at_o present_a exceed_o defective_a even_o as_o the_o interpreter_n themselves_o acknowledge_v there_o be_v indeed_o several_a thing_n herein_o want_v and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o add_v which_o never_o be_v in_o confucius_n copy_n however_o in_o this_o whole_a volume_n such_o as_o it_o now_o be_v he_o treat_v of_o the_o rite_n as_o well_o sacred_a as_o profane_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o duty_n such_o as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o three_o family_n of_o the_o prince_n hia_n xaâ—_n and_o cheâ—_n but_o especial_o of_o that_o which_o reign_v in_o confucius_n time_n these_o duty_n be_v those_o of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n those_o of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n the_o duty_n of_o husband_n and_o wife_n those_o of_o friend_n those_o which_o respect_n hospitality_n and_o those_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v perform_v at_o home_n or_o abroad_o or_o at_o feast_n he_o there_o discourse_v likewise_o of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o victim_n that_o be_v to_o be_v offer_v up_o unto_o heaven_n oâ—_n the_o temple_n to_o be_v choose_v for_o that_o end_n of_o the_o respect_n we_o ought_v to_o have_v for_o the_o dead_a and_o of_o their_o obsequy_n or_o funeral_n rite_n in_o a_o word_n he_o therein_o treat_v of_o the_o liberal_a art_n especial_o of_o music_n of_o the_o military_a art_n of_o the_o way_n of_o lance_v a_o javelin_n and_o guide_v a_o chariot_n behold_v in_o brief_a what_o the_o five_o volume_n contain_v the_o four_o book_n the_o three_o first_o oâ—_n which_o be_v confucius_n book_n whereof_o we_o design_v to_o speak_v do_v comprehend_v the_o whole_a philosophy_n of_o the_o chinese_n at_o least_o whatever_o this_o philosophy_n have_v most_o curious_a and_o considerable_a they_o explain_v and_o more_o clear_o illustrate_v what_o be_v write_v in_o the_o five_o volume_n and_o although_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o five_o volume_n be_v infinite_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o antiquity_n than_o that_o of_o the_o â—our_n volume_n yet_o the_o four_o volume_n exceed_v it_o for_o the_o advantage_n that_o may_v be_v receive_v therefrom_o indeed_o beside_o that_o the_o chineses_n do_v thence_o derive_v their_o principal_a oracle_n and_o what_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v eternal_a verity_n the_o lâ—terati_fw-la which_o be_v philosopher_n that_o follow_v confucius_n doctrine_n and_o which_o have_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n all_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o nation_n can_v arrive_v at_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o philosopher_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v mandorim_n or_o magistrate_n without_o a_o great_a knowledge_n of_o these_o four_o book_n they_o be_v in_o truth_n under_o a_o obligation_n to_o know_v one_o of_o the_o five_o volume_n which_o they_o please_v to_o choose_v according_a to_o their_o fancy_n and_o inclination_n but_o as_o for_o the_o â—our_n book_n they_o be_v indispensable_o oblige_v to_o know_v they_o all_o four_o by_o heart_n and_o thorough_o to_o understand_v they_o the_o principal_a reason_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o first_o be_v that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n who_o write_v the_o four_o book_n have_v collect_v what_o be_v best_a and_o most_o exquisite_a in_o the_o work_v of_o the_o ancient_n the_o second_o be_v that_o they_o have_v add_v several_a good_a thing_n to_o the_o discovery_n and_o thought_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o three_o that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n propose_v their_o doctrine_n after_o a_o clear_a and_o polite_a method_n than_o be_v former_o do_v in_o fine_a it_o be_v because_o that_o confucius_n and_o memcius_n have_v in_o the_o four_o book_n avoid_v the_o dull_a and_o harsh_a style_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o by_o a_o smooth_a style_n although_o without_o pride_n and_o arrogancy_n they_o have_v add_v ornament_n to_o the_o naked_a simplicity_n of_o the_o golden_a age._n we_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o four_o book_n because_o that_o this_o work_n of_o memcius_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o appear_v in_o europe_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o confucius_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o publish_v the_o merit_n of_o this_o philosopher_n together_o with_o the_o most_o remarkable_a passage_n of_o his_o life_n confucius_n be_v bear_v 551_o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o jesus_n christ._n he_o be_v of_o a_o most_o noble_a extraction_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v his_o mother_n who_o be_v of_o a_o illustrious_a birth_n his_o father_n who_o have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o second_o family_n disposition_n to_o virtue_n appear_v sometime_o in_o the_o tender_a year_n confucius_n at_o six_o year_n old_a discover_v nothing_o of_o a_o child_n all_o his_o way_n be_v manly_a at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n he_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o read_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o have_v select_v those_o which_o be_v most_o esteem_v and_o which_o himself_o judge_v the_o best_a he_o thence_o extract_v the_o most_o excellent_a instruction_n with_o a_o design_n first_o to_o profit_v himself_o thereby_o to_o make_v they_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o own_o conduct_n and_o afterward_o to_o propose_v they_o to_o other_o at_o twenty_o year_n old_a he_o marry_v and_o have_v a_o son_n name_v peyu_n who_o die_v at_o fifty_o he_o be_v the_o only_a child_n he_o have_v but_o his_o race_n extinguish_v not_o he_o have_v a_o grandson_n call_v cusu_n that_o be_v a_o honour_n to_o his_o ancestor_n cusu_n apply_v himself_o to_o philosophy_n he_o make_v commentary_n on_o his_o grandfather_n book_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o high_a dignity_n and_o his_o house_n be_v so_o well_o support_v and_o his_o posterity_n have_v always_o be_v so_o considerable_a both_o for_o their_o promotion_n and_o opulency_n that_o this_o family_n be_v at_o present_a one_o of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a in_o china_n confucius_n exercise_v the_o magistracy_n at_o divers_a place_n with_o very_o good_a success_n and_o with_o a_o great_a reputation_n his_o great_a aim_n be_v the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o doctrine_n he_o ambicious_o seek_v not_o after_o vainglory_n in_o these_o sort_n of_o employ_v insomuch_o that_o when_o he_o accomplish_v not_o his_o end_n when_o he_o see_v himself_o frustrate_v in_o the_o hope_n he_o have_v of_o be_v enable_v more_o easy_o to_o diffuse_v his_o light_n from_o a_o high_a place_n he_o descend_v and_o renounce_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n this_o philosopher_n have_v three_o thousand_o disciple_n among_o which_o there_o be_v five_o hundred_o that_o manage_v the_o most_o eminent_a charge_n in_o several_a kingdom_n and_o seventy_o two_o who_o virtue_n aâ—d_v knowledge_n be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o the_o annal_n have_v preserve_v their_o name_n surname_n and_o the_o name_n of_o their_o country_n to_o posterity_n he_o divide_v his_o doctrine_n into_o four_o part_n so_o that_o confucius_n school_n be_v compose_v of_o four_o order_n of_o disciple_n those_o of_o the_o first_o order_n apply_v themselves_o to_o cultivate_v virtue_n and_o thereby_o to_o impress_v strong_a disposition_n in_o their_o heart_n and_o mind_n those_o of_o the_o second_o order_n addict_v themselves_o to_o the_o art_n of_o ratiocination_n and_o rhetoric_n the_o three_o study_a politic_n and_o the_o business_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o four_o order_n be_v to_o write_v in_o a_o smooth_a and_o neat_a style_n what_o concern_v morality_n among_o these_o seventy_o two_o disciple_n there_o be_v ten_o that_o signalise_v themselves_o and_o who_o name_n and_o writing_n be_v in_o great_a veneration_n confucius_n throughout_o his_o doctrine_n have_v no_o other_o intent_n than_o to_o dissipate_v the_o mist_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o extirpate_v vice_n and_o re-establish_a that_o integrity_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o have_v be_v a_o present_a from_o heaven_n and_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o attain_v this_o end_n he_o exhort_v all_o those_o that_o hear_v his_o instruction_n to_o obey_v heaven_n to_o fear_v and_o serve_v it_o to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n as_o himself_o to_o conquer_v and_o submit_v his_o passion_n unto_o reason_n to_o do_v nothing_o say_v nothing_o nor_o think_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o it_o and_o what_o be_v more_o remarkable_a he_o recommend_v nothing_o to_o other_o either_o in_o write_v or_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n which_o he_o do_v not_o first_o practice_v himself_o his_o disciple_n also_o have_v for_o he_o a_o veneration_n so_o extraordinary_a that_o they_o sometime_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o pay_v he_o those_o honour_n which_o be_v use_v to_o be_v render_v to_o those_o only_a that_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n a_o example_n of_o which_o
confucius_n work_n the_o first_o book_n the_o first_o book_n of_o confucius_n be_v publish_v by_o one_o of_o his_o most_o famous_a disciple_n name_v cemçu_fw-fr and_o this_o learned_a disciple_n write_v very_o excellent_a commentary_n thereon_o this_o book_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o gate_n through_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o pass_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o sublimest_n wisdom_n and_o most_o perfect_a virtue_n the_o philosopher_n here_o treat_v of_o three_o considerable_a thing_n 1._o of_o what_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v to_o cultivate_v our_o mind_n and_o regulate_v our_o manner_n 2._o of_o the_o method_n by_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o instruct_v and_o guide_v other_o and_o 3._o of_o the_o care_n that_o every_o one_o ought_v to_o have_v to_o tend_v to_o the_o sovereign_n good_a to_o adhere_v thereunto_o and_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v to_o repose_v himself_o therein_o because_o the_o author_n chief_o design_v to_o address_v his_o instruction_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n that_o may_v be_v call_v to_o the_o regality_n this_o book_n be_v entitle_v ta-hio_a or_o the_o great_a science_n the_o great_a secret_n say_v confuciâ—s_n to_o acquire_v true_a knowledge_n the_o knowledge_n consequent_o worthy_a of_o prince_n and_o the_o most_o illustrious_a personage_n be_v to_o cultivate_v and_o polish_v the_o reason_n which_o be_v a_o present_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v from_o heaven_n our_o concupiscence_n have_v disorder_v it_o and_o intermix_v several_a impurity_n therewith_o taâ—e_v away_o therefore_o and_o remove_v from_o it_o these_o impurity_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v reassume_v its_o former_a luster_n and_o enjoy_v its_o utmost_a perfectionâ—_n this_o here_o be_v the_o sovereign_n good_n this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a it_o be_v moreover_o requisite_a that_o a_o prince_n by_o his_o exhortation_n and_o by_o his_o own_o example_n make_v of_o his_o people_n as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a people_n in_o fine_a after_o be_v by_o great_a pain_n arrive_v at_o this_o sovereign_a perfection_n at_o this_o chief_a good_a you_o must_v not_o relax_v it_o be_v here_o that_o perseverance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a whereas_o man_n general_o pursue_v not_o the_o method_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o sovereign_n good_a and_o to_o a_o constant_a and_o eternal_a possession_n confucius_n have_v think_v it_o high_o important_a to_o give_v some_o instruction_n therein_o he_o say_v that_o after_o we_o know_v the_o end_n to_o which_o we_o must_v attain_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v and_o incessant_o to_o make_v towards_o this_o end_n by_o walk_v in_o the_o way_n which_o lead_v thereunto_o by_o daily_o confirm_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o resolution_n fix_v on_o for_o the_o attain_n it_o and_o by_o establish_v it_o so_o well_o that_o nothing_o may_v in_o the_o least_o shake_v it_o when_o you_o shall_v have_v thus_o fix_v your_o mind_n in_o this_o great_a design_n give_v up_o yourself_o add_v he_o to_o meditation_n reason_n upon_o all_o thing_n within_o yourself_o endeavour_v to_o have_v some_o clear_a idea_n thereof_o consider_v distinct_o what_o present_v itself_o to_o you_o pass_v without_o prejudice_n solid_a judgement_n thereonâ—_n examine_v every_o thing_n and_o weigh_v every_o thing_n with_o care_n after_o examination_n and_o reason_n of_o this_o nature_n you_o may_v easy_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n where_o you_o must_v fix_v at_o the_o end_n where_o you_o ought_v resolute_o to_o stand_v vice_n at_o a_o perfect_a conformity_n of_o all_o your_o action_n with_o what_o reason_n suggest_v as_o to_o the_o mean_n which_o a_o prince_n ought_v to_o use_v to_o purify_v and_o polish_v his_o reason_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o be_v thus_o dispose_v he_o may_v govern_v his_o state_n and_o redress_n and_o beautify_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o people_n the_o philosopher_n propose_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o ancient_a king_n govern_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v at_o last_o govern_v their_o empire_n wise_o they_o endeavour_v say_v he_o prudent_o to_o sway_v a_o particular_a kingdom_n and_o to_o excite_v its_o member_n to_o improve_v their_o reason_n and_o to_o act_v like_o creature_n endow_v with_o understanding_n to_o produce_v this_o reformation_n in_o this_o particular_a kingdom_n they_o labour_v to_o regulate_v their_o family_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o model_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o reform_v their_o family_n they_o take_v a_o extraordinary_a care_n to_o polish_v their_o own_o person_n and_o so_o well_o to_o compose_v their_o word_n and_o action_n that_o they_o may_v neither_o say_v nor_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v ever_o so_o little_o offend_v complaicence_n and_o which_o be_v not_o edify_v to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o themselves_o may_v be_v a_o pattern_n and_o example_n continual_o expose_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o their_o domestic_n and_o all_o their_o courtier_n to_o obtain_v this_o exterior_a perfectionâ—_n they_o strive_v to_o rectify_v their_o mindâ—_n by_o govern_v and_o subdue_a their_o passionsâ—_n because_o that_o the_o passion_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n remove_v the_o mind_n from_o its_o natural_a rectitude_n do_v abase_v and_o incline_v it_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o vice_n to_o rectify_v their_o mind_n to_o rule_v and_o subdue_v their_o passion_n they_o so_o act_v that_o their_o will_n be_v always_o bend_v to_o good_a and_o never_o turn_v towards_o evil._n in_o fine_a thus_o to_o dispose_v their_o will_n they_o study_v to_o illuminate_v their_o understanding_n and_o so_o well_o to_o enlighten_v it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v ignore_v nothing_o for_o to_o will_n desire_n love_n and_o hate_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v this_o be_v the_o philosophy_n of_o right_a reason_n this_o be_v what_o confucius_n propose_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o instruct_v they_o how_o to_o rectify_v and_o polish_v first_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o afterwards_o 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amend_v his_o family_n be_v arrive_v at_o this_o perfection_n it_o will_v serve_v as_o a_o example_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o particular_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n of_o the_o particular_a kingdom_n to_o all_o those_o that_o compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o empire_n thus_o thâ—_n whole_a empire_n will_v be_v well_o govern_v order_n and_o justice_n will_v reign_v there_o we_o shall_v there_o enjoy_v a_o profound_a peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o happy_a and_o flourish_a empire_n confucius_n afterward_o certify_v that_o these_o admonition_n do_v not_o less_o regard_v the_o subject_n than_o the_o prince_n and_o aâ—teâ—_n have_v address_v himself_o to_o king_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o ought_v particular_o to_o apply_v themselves_o right_o to_o govern_v their_o family_n to_o take_v care_n thereof_o and_o reform_v it_o for_o he_o add_v it_o be_v impossible_a that_o he_o that_o know_v not_o how_o to_o govern_v and_o reform_v his_o own_o family_n can_v right_o govern_v and_o reform_v a_o people_n behold_v what_o be_v most_o important_a in_o confucius_n doctrine_n contain_v in_o the_o first_o book_n and_o which_o be_v the_o text_n as_o i_o may_v say_v whereon_o his_o commentator_n cemçu_fw-fr have_v take_v pain_n this_o famous_a disciple_n to_o explain_v and_o enlarge_v his_o master_n instruction_n allege_v authority_n and_o example_n which_o he_o draw_v from_o three_o very_a ancient_a book_n high_o esteem_v by_o the_o chinese_n the_o first_o book_n he_o mention_n which_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v entitle_v camcao_n and_o make_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o cheu_n this_o book_n be_v compose_v by_o a_o prince_n call_v vuvam_n the_o son_n of_o king_n venvam_n vuvam_fw-la do_v therein_o high_o extol_v his_o father_n but_o his_o principal_a design_n in_o magnify_v the_o virtue_n and_o admirable_a quality_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v to_o form_v according_a to_o this_o model_n one_o of_o his_o