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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13748	The examinacion of Master William Thorpe preste accused of heresye before Thomas Arundell, Archebishop of Ca[n]terbury, the yere of ower Lord .MCCCC. and seuen. The examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell Lorde Cobham, burnt bi the said Archebisshop, in the fyrste yere of Kynge Henry the Fyfth.	Thorpe, William, d. 1407?; Tyndale, William, attributed name.; Constantine, George, ca. 1501-1559, attributed name.; Oldcastle, John, Sir, d. 1417. Examinacion of the honorable knight syr Jhon Oldcastell. aut	1530 (1530)	STC 24045; ESTC S104932	68,800	141

kynges and lordes which vse to send their letters ensealid with their armes or with their preuy signet to men that are with them are worshipped of thes mē For whā thes mē receiue their lordes letters in whiche they se knowe the willes biddīges of their lordes in worshippe of their lordes they do of their cappes to thes letters Why not than sins in ymages made with mannes hande we may rede and knowe many diuerse thinges of god and of his sayntes shall we not worshippe their ymages And I sayde with my forsaid protestacyon I saye that these worldly vsages of temporall lordes that ye speake now of maye be done in case without synne but thys is no similitude to worship ymages made by mānes hande syns that Moses Dauid Salomon Baruch other seyntes in the bible forbidde so pleynly the worshipyng of all soche ymages Than the archebishop said to me Lewde losell In the olde lawe before that christe toke mākind was no likenesse of any persone of the trinite nother shewed to mā nor knowē of mā but nowe syns christe became mā it is lefull to haue ymages to shewe his māhode Ye though many mē which are right greate clerkes other also helde it an errour to peynte the trinite I say it is well done to make and to peynte the trinite in ymages For it is great mouing of deuocion to mē to haue and to behold the trinite and other ymages of seyntes caruyd caste and peynted For beyonde the see are the beste peynters that euer I saw And syrs I tell you this is their maner ād it is a goode maner Whan that an ymage maker shall kerue caste in moulde or peynte ony ymages he shall go to a prieste and shryue him as clene as if he sholde than dye and take penaunce and make some certeyn vowe of fastyng or of praiynge or of pilgrimages doinge praiyng the prieste specially to praye for hym that he may haue grace to make a faire and a deuoute ymage And I said Syr I doute not yf thes peynters that ye speake of or ony other peynters vnderstode truely the texte of Moses of Dauid of the wise man of Baruch and of other seyntes and doctoures these peynters sholde be moued to shryue them to god wyth full inwarde sorowe of harte takynge vpon them to doo right sharpe penaunce for the synfull and vayne crafte of peyntinge karuynge or castinge that they had vsed promising god feithfully neuer to do so after knowleging openly before all mē theyr reprouable earnīg And also syr thes priestes that shriue as ye do say peinters inioyne thē to do penaunce and praye for theire spede promysyng to them helpe of their prayers for to be curious in their synfull craftes synne herein more greuously thā the peynters For thes priestes do comforte and gyue them counsell to do that thynge which of great peyne ye vnder the peyne of goddes curse they sholde vtterly forbydde them For cerris syr yf the wonderfull werking of god and the holy lyuynge and teachynge off Christe and off his apostles and prophetes were made knowen to the people by holy lyuynge and true and besy teachynge of priestes these thynges syr were sufficient bokes and kalendares to knowe god by and his sayntes without ony ymages made with mannes hond but certis the vicious lyuynge of priestes and their couetousnesse are chefe cause of this errour and all other viciousnesse that reigneth among the people Than the archebishop said vnto me I holde that a vicious priest a curste all thē that are of thy secte for all priestes of holy chirche and all ymages that moue men to deuocion thou soche other go about to destroye Loosell ware it a feire thing to come in to a chirche and see therin none ymage And I said Syr they that come to the chyrche for to pray deuoutly to the lorde god may in their inwarde wittes be the more feruent that all their outwarde wittes be closed fro all outwarde seynge and hearing and fro all distroblaūce and lettyngis And syns Christe blessed them that saw hym not bodely and haue beleuyd feith fully in hym It sufficeth than to all men thorow hearing and knowing of goddis worde and to doo there after for to beleue in god though they see neuer ymagis made with mannis hande after ony Person of the trinite or of ony other seynte And the Archebisshop said to me with a feruēt spyrite I say to the Losell that it is right well done to make and to haue an ymage of the trinite Ye what saist thou Ys it not a stiering thing to beholde soche an ymage And I said Sir ye said right now that in the olde lawe or Christe toke mankynde no likenesse of ony person of the trinite was shewid to men wherfore sir ye said it was not thā lefull to haue ymagis but now ye say syns Christe is becomen man it is lefull to make to haue an ymage of the trinite and also of other seyntis But syr this thing wolde I learne of you Syns the father of heuen ye and euery person of the trinite was without beginnyng god almighty many holy prophetis that wer dedely men wer martiresed violently in the olde lawe and also many men and women than died holy confessours Why was it not than as lefull and necessarie as now to haue made an ymage of the father of heuen and to haue made hadde other ymagis of martires prophetis and holy cōfessours to haue ben kalendaris to aduise men ād moue them to deuocion as ye say that ymagis now doo And the Archebisshop said The sinagoge of Iues hadde not authorite to approue thes thingis as the chirche of Christe hathe now And I said Sir seint Gregory was a great man in the new lawe and of great dignite ād as the comon lawe witnesseth he cōmendid greatly a bisshop in that he forbadde vtterly the ymagis made with mannis hande sholde be worshipid And the Archebisshop said Vngracious losell thou fauerist nomore trewthe than an hounde Syns at the roode at the northe dore at London at our lady at walsingam ād many other diuerse placis in England ar many great and preisable miracles done shulde not the ymagis of soche holy seyntis and placis at the reuerence of god and our lady other seyntis be more worshippid than other placis and ymagis wher no soche miracles ar done And I said Sir ther is no soche vertue in ony ymagery that ony ymagis sholde herefore be wors●hippid wherfore I am certein that ther is no miracle done of god in ony place in erthe because that ony ymagis made with mānis hāde sholde be worshippid And herefore sir as I preached openly at shrewisbery and other placis I say now here before you that no body sholde truste that ther war ony vertue in ymagery made with mannis hande and herefor no body sholde vowe to them nor seake them

wold Christ deid wilfully for mans sake vpon the crosse And notwithstādinge that Christ was wilfully paynfully ād most shamfully put to deeth as to the worlde there was left bloude and water in his herte as he before ordened that he wolde shede out this bloude and this water for mans saluacion And therfore he suffered the Iewes to make a blinde knight to thrust him in to the herte with a spere and this the bloude and water that was in his hert Christ wolde shede out for mās loue And after this I beleue that Christ was taken downe from the crosse and buried And I beleue that on the thrid daye by power of his god heed Christ rose again from deth to life And the .xl. daye ther after I beleue that Christ ascended vp in to heuen and that he there sitteth on the right hande of god the father almyghty And the tenth daye after this vp goinge he sente to his apostles the holy goost that he had promysed them before And I beleue that Christe shall come and iudge all mankinde some to euerlastinge peace and some to everlastynge paynes And as I beleue in the father and in the sonne that they are one god almyghty so I beleue in the holy goost that is also with them the same god almighti And I beleue an holy chirche that is all thei that haue byn and that now are and alwayes to the ende of the worlde shal be a people the which shall endeuer them to knowe to kepe the commaundementes of god dredinge ouer all thynge to offende god and lovynge and sekynge most to please hym And I beleue that all they that haue had and yet haue and all they that yet shall haue the foresayde ververtuous surely standynge in the belefe of god hopyng stedfastly in hys mercifull doynges cōtinuynge to their ende in perfect charite wilfully paciently and gladly soferynge persecuciōs by the example of Christ chefly ād his apostles all these haue their names wryten in the boke of life Therfor I beleue that the gaderynge together of this people lyuynge now here in this lyfe ys the holye chyrche of god feyghtynge here on erth agaynst the fende the prosperyte of the worlde and their fleshely lustes Wherfore seyng that all the gadering together of this church before said and euery parte therof nother coueteth nor willeth nor loveth nor seketh any thinge but to eschew the offence of god and to do his pleasynge will mekely gladly and wilfully of all myne herte I submitt my selfe vnto thys holye church of christ to be ever buxsom and obediente to the ordinaunce of it and of euery member thereof after my knowlege and power by the helpe of god Therfore I knowlege now ād euermore shall if god will that of all my harte and off all my might I will submyt me only to the rule and gouernaunce of them whome after my knowlege I maye perceave by the havynge and vsynge of the beforesayd vertues to be membres of the holy churche Wherfore these articles off belefe and all other bothe of the olde lawe and of the newe whiche after the commaundement of god any man oughte to beleue I beleue verely in my soule as a synnefull deedly wretche of my cunnynge and power oughte to beleue prayenge the lorde god for his holye name for to encrease my belefe and helpe my vnbelefe And for bycause to the praysynge of goddes name I desyre aboue all thynge to be a faythfull membre of holy churche I make this protestacyon before you all foure that are now here presente covetynge that all men and women that nowe absente knewe the same that what thynge so ever before this tyme I haue sayde or done or what thynge here I shall doo or saye at any tyme here after I beleve that all the olde lawe and the newe lawe geuen and ordened by the councell of these thre persones of the trynite were geuen and wrytten to the saluacyon off mankynde And I beleue that these lawes are sufficient for mans saluacyon And I beleue every article of these lawes to the entente that these articles were ordened and commaunded of these thre persones off the moste blessed trynyte to be beleued And therfore to the rule and the ordynaunce off these goddes lawes mekely gladly and wilfully I submytte me with all myne harte that who ever can or wyll by ouctoryte off goddes lawe or by open reason tell me that I haue erred or nowe erre or any tyme here after shall erre in any article of belefe fro whyche inceonvenience god kepe me for his goodnesse I submytte me to be reconcyled and to be buxum and obedyente vnto these lawes of god and to every article of them For by auctorite specyally of these lawes I will thorowe the grace of god be vnyed charytably vnto these lawes Yee syr and ouer thys I beleue and admytte all the sentences auctorites and reasons off the saynctes and doctoures accordynge vnto holy scripture and declarynge it truely I submytte me wylfully and mekely to be ever obediente after my connynge and power to all these saynctes and doctoures as they are obedyente in worke and in worde to god and to his lawe and forther not to my knowlege no● for any erthly power dignite or state thorowe the helpe of god But Syr I praye you tell me yf after youre biddyng I shall laye my hande vpon the boke to the entente to swere thereby And the Archebishope sayde to me yee wherfore els And I sayde to him Syr a boke is no thynge els but a thynge coupled together of dyuerse creatures and to swere by any creature both gods lawe and mans lawe is agaynst But Syr this thinge I saye here to you before these youre clerckes with my forsayd protestacion that howe where when and to whom men are boūdē to swere or to obeye in ony wyse after gods lawe and sayntes trewe doctours according with gods lawe I will thorow gods grace be euer redy therto with all my conning power But I pray you syr for the charite of god that ye will before that I swere as I haue here rehersed to you tell me how or whereto that I shall submytt me shewe me wherof that ye will correcte me what is the ordinaunce that ye will thus oblige me to fulfyll And the Archebishop seid vnto me I will shortely that nowe thou swere here to me that thou shalt forsake all the opinions which the secte of Lollardes holde and is slaundred with so that after this tyme nother pryuely nor apertly thou holde any opiniō which I shall after that thou haste sworne reherse to y● here Nor thou shalt fauer no man nor womā yong nor old that holdeth any of thes foreseid opiniōs but after thi knowlege power thou shalt enforsethe to withstande all soche distroblers of holye chyrche in euery diocese that thou comest in thē that will not leaue their false and dampnable opinions thou shalt putt them vp

beare the indignaciō of god almightie withouten ende if in conuenient tyme they amende them not and repente them verely doyng therfore dew moornyng ād sorow af●er their connyng power For thorow presumptuousnes necligence of priestis prelatis not of the chirche of Christe but occupiyng their prelacy vndewly in the chirche also by flateryng and false couetousnes of other diuerse namyd priestis lousengers lounderers ar wrongfull made named heremites haue leue to defraude poore nedy creatures of their lyuelode ād to lyue by their false winnyng and begging in slouthe and in other diuerse vyces And also of thes prelates thes cokir noses ar suffered to lyue in pride hypocresy to defoull themself both bodely gostely Also by the sufferyng ād counsell of thes forsaid prelatis of other priestis ar made vayne both brotherhodis susterhodis full of pride enuye which ar full contrarie to the brotherhode of Christe syns they ar cause of mekill dissension they multiplie susteyne it vncharitably for in lusty eatyng drinkyng vnmesurably out of tyme they exercyse themself Also this vayne confederacye of brotherhodis is permitted to be of one clothyng ād to holde to gither And in all thes vngrounded and vnlefull doynges priestis ar parteners and greate meddelers counsellers And ouer this viciousnes heremitis pardoners ankers and straunge beggers ar licensed admitted of prelatis priestis for to begyle the people with flateringis leasingis sclaunderously ageinst all goode reason trewe beleue so to encrease diuerse vices in themself also among all them that accepte them or cōsente to them And thus the viciousnes of thes forsaid named priestis prelatis haue ben long tyme yet is shall be cause of warres both withī the realme without And in the same wise thes vnable priestes haue bene yet are shall be chefe cause of pestilence of men moren of beestes of barenesse of the erthe of all other mischefes to the tyme the lordes comons able them thorow grace for to knowe to kepe the commaundementes of god enforsyng them than feithfully charitably by one assente for to redresse make one this forsaid priesthode to the wilfull pore meke innocent lyuyng teaching specially of Christe his apostles Therfore all they that knowe or myght knowe the viciousnes that reigneth now cursedly in thes priestes in their learning yf they suffyse not to vndstond this contagious viciousnes let them praye to the lorde hartely for the health of his chirche absteyning thē prudently fro thes endured enemies of Christe and of his people and frome all their sacramentes syns to thē all that knowe them or maye knowe they are but fleschly deades false as seynt Cipriane witnesseth in the first question of decrees in the firste cause Ca. Si quis inquit For as this seynte great doctours witnesse there that not onely vicious priestes but also all they that fauoure thē or consente to them in theire viciousnes shall to gither perisshe with them yf they amende them not dewly as all they perished that cōsented to Sathan Abijron For no thing wer more cōfusyon to thes forsaide vicious priestes than to eschewe them prudently in all their vnlefull sacramentes while they continew in their synfull lyuyng slaunderously as they haue longe tyme done and yet do And no dody nede to be afraide though dethe did folow by one wise or other for to dye out of this worlde without takyng of ony sacramēt of these forsaid christes enemies syns christe will not faile for to ministre him selfe all lefull and healfull sacramentes and necessarye at all tyme ād specially at the ende to all them that are in trewe feyth in stedfaste hope and in perfyte charite But yet some mad foolis saye for to eschewe slaunder they will be shriuē ones in the yeare and comuned of theire proper priestes though they knowe them defouled with slaunderous vices No doute but all thei that thus do or consente priuely or apertly to soch doynge ar culpable of great synne syns seynt Paul witnesseth that not only they that do euyll are worthy of dethe dampnacion but also they that cōsente to euyll doars Also as their slaunderouse workes witnesse thes forsaid vicious priestes despyce and caste from them heuenly connyng that is gyuen of the holy goste Wherfore the lorde throweth all soche despisers frome hym that they vse nor do ony priesthode to hym No doute than all they that wittingly or wilfully take or consente that any other bodye sholde take ony sacrament of ony soche named prieste synneth opēly dāpnably ageynst all the trinite ar vnable to ony sacrament of healthe And that this forsayde sentence is all to gither trewe into remission of all my synfull lyuyng trustinge stedfastly in the mercy of god I offer to him my soule And to proue also this forsaid sentence trewe with the helpe of god I purpose fully for to suffer mekely and gladly my moste wretched body to be tormented where god will of whome he will how he will and whan he will as longe as he will what temporall peyne he will dethe to the praising of his name to the edificacion of his churche And I that am moste vnworthy wretched cay●yf shall now thorow the speciall grace of god make to him plesaunte sacrifice with my moste synfull vnworthy body I beseche hartly all folke that rede or heare this ende of my purposed testament that thorowe the grace of god they dispose verely vertuously all their wittes able in like maner all theire membres for to vnderstonde truely and to kepe feythfully charitably continually all the commaundementes of god and so than to pray deuoutly to all the blessed trinyte that I maye haue grace with wisdome prudence frome aboue to ende my lyfe here in this forsaid truethe ād for this cause in true feith and stedfaste hope ād in perfite charite AMEN HEre endeth sir William Thorpis testament on the friday after the rode daye and the twentye daye of September In the yeare of our lorde a thousand foure hundred ād sixtie And on the sonday nexte after the feste of seynt Peter that we call Lammesse daye in the yeare of our lorde a thousand foure hundrth and seuen the said sir William was accused of thes poyntes before writen in this booke before Thomas of Arundell Archebishoppe of Canterbury as it is sayde before And so was it than betwixt the day of his accusing and the daye that this was wryten three and fiftye yeare and as mekill more as fro the Lammesse to the wodemesse Beholde the ende ¶ The strengeth of euery tale is in the ende ¶ Here folowethe the Examinacion of the Lorde Cobham ¶ The beleue of the Lorde Cobh̄am BE it knowen to all men that in the yeare of oure Lorde a thousand foure hundred

clerkis of your realme if it he trewthe that it myght be confermyd I to be holden for a trew christen man if it be false that it myght be dampned I tauchte a better beleue by goddis lawe and I will gladly obey therto This forsaid beleue the lorde Cobham wrote tooke it with hym offered it to the kyng for to see the kyng wolde not receiue it but bad hym take it to them that sholde be his iudges And than the lorde of Cobham offered to brynge before the kyng to purge hym of all errour ād heresy that they wolde put ageinst hym an hūdred knyghtes squteres And also he offered to fighte with ony mā christen or hethen that wold say that he wer false in his beleue except the kyng and his brethren And after he said he wold submit hym to all maner correcciō that any mā wold correcte hym after goddis law And not withstanding all this the kyng suffered hym to be somoned personally in his owne chāber And the lorde of Cobham said to the kyng that he hadde appeled to the pope fro the Archebisshop wherfore he said he ought not to take him for his iudge so he hadde there his appele redy written shewid it to the kyng therwith the kynge was more angry said He sholde not pursue his apele but rather he sholde be ī warde till his appele wer admitted ād than wolde he or not he sholde be his iudge And thus nothing of all this myght be alowed but because he wolde not sweare to submit hym to the chirche take what penaūce the Archebisshop wold inioyne hym he was arested sent to the towre of London to keape his day that the bisshop assigned hym in the kynges chamber And than he made the beleue afore said with the answeres to foure poyntes that now folow to be written in two partes of an endenture And whan he came to answer he gaue that one parte to the bisshope ād that other parte he kept to hymself ¶ The endenture of the lorde Cobham I Iohn̄ Olde castell knyght lorde of Cobham will that all christē men were how that Thomas of Arundell Archebisshop of Cāterbury hath now leyde maliciously vntreuly by his letter his seale written of me in sclaunderous wyse that I sholde otherwyse feale and teache of the sacramētis of holy chirche assyning in speciall the sacrament of the altare the sacramēt of penaūce also in worshipping of ymagis in goyng on pilgrimagis otherwyse than fealeth and teacheth the vniuersall holy chirche I take almightie god to witnes that it hath ben now is euer with the helpe of god shall be myne entēt my will to beleue feithfully ād treuly in all the sacramētis that euer god ordened to be done in holy chirche And more ouer for to declare me in thes poyntes a foresaid I beleue that the moste worshipfull sacramēt of the altare is very Christes body in fourme of breade the same body that was borne of the blessed virgin our lady seynt Marie done on the crosse dede buried ād the thirde day rose fro dethe to lyfe the which body is now glorified in heuē Also as for the sacramēt of penaūce I beleue that it is nedefull to eueri mā that shall be sauyd to forsake synne and to doo dew penaūce for synne before done with trewe cōfessiō very cōtriciō dew satisfacciō as goddis law limeteth teacheth els may he not be sauyd which penaunce I desyre all men to doo And as for ymagis I vnderstonde that they be not of belefe but they wer ordened syns beleue was geuyn of Christe by sufferaunce of the chirche for to be kalenderis to lay men to represente bring to mynde the passion of our lorde Iesu Christe and martirdome good lyuyng of other sayntes And that who so it be that doeth the worship to deede ymages that is dewe to god or puttith hope feyth or truste in helpe of them as he sholde doo to god or hathe affecciō in one more than in a nother he doeth in that the greate synne of ydolatrie Also I suppose this fully that euery man in this erthe is a pilgreme toward blesse or toward peyne And that he that knowith not nor will not knowe nor kepe the holy commaundementis of god in his liuyng here all be it that he go on pilgrimage into all the worlde and he dye so he shall be dampned And he that knoweth the holy commaundemētis of god and kepith them to his ende he shall be sauyd though he neuer in his lyfe go on pilgrimage as men vse now to Canterbury or to Rome or to ony other place This beleue indented conteinyng the forsaid beleue with thes forsaid answeres he tooke to the bisshops whan he cam to answer on the saturday next befor Michelmesse in the yeare aforesayd And what so euer the bisshopes asked him he badde them looke what his bill said therto and therby wolde he stande to the dethe other answer gaue he not that day but the bisshopes wer not quietyd herewith And the Archebisshop badde hym take auysement till moneday next folowing to answer to this poynte Yf there remained materiall brede in the sacramēt of of the altare after the wordis of consecracion And in the meane tyme he perceiuyd that the vttermoste malice was purposed ageinst hī how so euer he answered therfore he putt his lyfe in goddis hande and answered thus as folowith This is the iudgement and sentence geuyn vpon sir Iohn Old castell knyght and lorde of Cobham the moneday next before michelmesse day at the friers prechers in London in the yeare of our lorde a thousand foure hundred and thirtene the Archebisshop of Canterbery the bisshop of London the bisshop of winchester the bisshop of Bangar Master Iohn̄ witnā Master Iohn̄ whytehede doctours of diuinite Master Philip Morgan Master henry ware Master Iohn̄ kempe doctours of lawe And sir Robert wambnell vicare of seynt Laurence in the iewrie Master Iohn̄ Steuenes Master Iames Colenotaries with the foure orders of friers and many other clerkis demyng and cōuicting hym for an heretike and a cursed man The Archebisshop made all thes clerkys and doctours both religious and seculers to swere vpon a booke that they sholde not for loue or fauour of the one partie nor for any enuy or hatrede of the other partie say nor witnesse but the truthe And the two forsaid notaries wer sworē also to write to witnesse the wordis processe y● wer to be said on bothe the parties and to say the sothe if hit otherwyse wer After this the lorde of Cobhā came ād was broughte before them all to his examinacion to his answer Than the Archebisshop said to hym Lorde of Cobham ye ben auysed well ynoughe of the wordis and processe that wer said to you vpon saturday laste paste in the chapter house of Paulis the