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book_n answer_v word_n write_v 1,797 5 5.2534 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A44010 The questions concerning liberty, necessity, and chance clearly stated and debated between Dr. Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, and Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.; Bramhall, John, 1594-1663. 1656 (1656) Wing H2257; ESTC R16152 266,363 392

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understanding_n suspend_v its_o own_o act_n the_o will_n apply_v the_o understanding_n to_o deliberate_v the_o will_n require_v of_o the_o understanding_n a_o riview_n the_o will_n determine_v itself_o a_o change_n may_v be_v will_v without_o change_v of_o the_o will_n man_n concur_v with_o god_n in_o cause_v his_o own_o will_n the_o will_n cause_v willing_a motive_n determine_v the_o will_v not_o natural_o but_o moral_o the_o same_o action_n may_v be_v both_o future_a and_o not_o future_a god_n be_v not_o just_a but_o justice_n not_o eternal_a but_o eternity_n eternity_n be_v nunc_fw-la stans_fw-la eternity_n be_v a_o infinite_a point_n which_o comprehend_v all_o time_n not_o formal_o but_o eminent_o all_o eternity_n be_v coexistent_a with_o to_o day_n and_o the_o same_o coexistent_n with_o to_o morrow_n and_o many_o other_o like_o speech_n of_o nonsense_n compound_v which_o the_o truth_n can_v never_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o perhaps_o the_o bishop_n will_v say_v these_o term_n and_o phrase_n
that_o my_o principle_n be_v pernicious_a both_o to_o piety_n and_o policy_n and_o destructive_a to_o all_o relation_n etc._n etc._n my_o answer_n be_v that_o i_o desire_v not_o that_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v so_o misspend_v their_o time_n but_o if_o they_o will_v needs_o do_v it_o i_o can_v give_v they_o a_o fit_a title_n for_o their_o book_n behemoth_n against_o leviathan_n he_o end_v his_o epistle_n with_o so_o god_n bless_v we_o which_o word_n be_v good_a in_o themselves_o but_o to_o no_o purpose_n here_o but_o be_v a_o buffonly_a abuse_n of_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o calumny_n a_o vindication_n of_o true_a liberty_n from_z antecedent_n and_o extrinsical_a necessity_n j._n d._n either_o i_o be_o free_a to_o write_v this_o discourse_n for_o liberty_n against_o necessity_n or_o i_o be_o not_o free_a if_o i_o be_v 1._o numb_a 1._o free_a i_o have_v obtain_v the_o cause_n and_o ought_v not_o to_o suffer_v for_o the_o truth_n if_o i_o be_v not_o free_a yet_o i_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v since_o i_o do_v it_o not_o out_o of_o any_o voluntary_a election_n but_o out_o of_o a_o inevitable_a necessity_n t._n h._n right_o honourable_a i_o have_v once_o resolve_v to_o answer_v j._n d'ye_o objection_n to_o my_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o that_o which_o concern_v i_o most_o and_o afterward_o to_o examine_v this_o discourse_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n which_o because_o i_o never_o have_v utter_v my_o opinion_n of_o it_o concern_v i_o the_o less_o but_o see_v it_o be_v both_o your_o lordship_n and_o j._n d_o s._n desire_n that_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o late_a i_o be_v content_v so_o to_o do_v and_o here_o i_o present_a and_o submit_v it_o to_o your_o lordship_n judgement_n j._n d._n a_o the_o first_o day_n that_o i_o do_v read_v over_o t._n h._n his_o defence_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v april_n 20._o 1646._o which_o proceed_v not_o out_o of_o any_o disrespect_n to_o he_o for_o if_o all_o his_o discourse_n have_v be_v geometrical_a demonstration_n able_a not_o only_o to_o persuade_v but_o also_o to_o compel_v assent_n all_o have_v be_v one_o to_o i_o first_o my_o journey_n and_o afterward_o some_o other_o trifle_n which_o we_o call_v business_n have_v divert_v i_o until_o then_o and_o then_o my_o occasion_n permit_v i_o and_o a_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n awaken_n i_o i_o set_v myself_o to_o a_o serious_a examination_n of_o it_o we_o common_o see_v those_o who_o delight_n in_o paradox_n if_o they_o have_v line_n enough_o confute_v themselves_o and_o their_o speculatives_n and_o their_o practics_n familiar_o enterfere_v one_o with_o another_o b_o the_o very_a first_o word_n of_o t._n h._n his_o defence_n trip_v up_o the_o heel_n of_o his_o whole_a cause_n i_o have_v once_o resolve_v to_o resolve_v praesuppose_v deliberation_n but_o what_o deliberation_n can_v there_o be_v of_o that_o which_o be_v inevitable_o determine_v by_o cause_n without_o ourselves_o before_o we_o do_v deliberate_a can_v a_o condemn_a man_n deliberate_a whether_o he_o shall_v be_v execute_v or_o not_o it_o be_v even_o to_o as_o much_o purpose_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o consult_v and_o ponder_v with_o himself_o whether_o he_o shall_v draw_v in_o his_o breath_n or_o whether_o he_o shall_v increase_v in_o stature_n second_o c_o to_o resolve_n imply_v a_o man_n dominion_n over_o his_o own_o action_n and_o his_o actual_a determination_n of_o himself_o but_o he_o who_o hold_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v quit_v this_o dominion_n over_o himself_o &_o which_o be_v worse_o have_v quit_v it_o to_o the_o second_o extrinsical_a cause_n in_o which_o he_o make_v all_o his_o action_n to_o be_v determine_v one_o may_v as_o well_o call_v again_o yesterday_o as_o resolve_v or_o new_o determine_v that_o which_o be_v determine_v to_o his_o hand_n already_o d_o i_o have_v peruse_v this_o treatise_n weigh_v t._n h_n his_o answer_n consider_v his_o reason_n and_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v miss_v and_o miss_v the_o question_n that_o the_o answer_n be_v evasion_n that_o his_o argument_n be_v paralogism_n that_o the_o opinion_n of_o absolute_a and_o universal_a necessity_n be_v but_o a_o result_n of_o some_o groundless_a and_o ill_a choose_a principle_n and_o that_o the_o defect_n be_v not_o in_o himself_o but_o that_o his_o cause_n will_v admit_v no_o better_a defence_n and_o therefore_o by_o his_o favour_n i_o be_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v to_o my_o first_o opinion_n perhaps_o another_o man_n read_v this_o discourse_n with_o other_o eye_n judge_v it_o to_o be_v pertinent_a and_o well_o found_v how_o come_v this_o to_o pass_v the_o treatise_n be_v the_o same_o the_o exterior_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o resolution_n be_v contrary_a do_v the_o second_o cause_n play_v fast_o and_o loose_v do_v they_o necessitate_v i_o to_o condemn_v and_o necessitate_v he_o to_o maintain_v what_o be_v it_o then_o the_o difference_n must_v be_v in_o ourselves_o either_o in_o our_o intellectual_n because_o the_o one_o see_v clear_a than_o the_o other_o or_o in_o our_o affection_n which_o betray_v our_o unsterstanding_n and_o produce_v a_o implicit_a adhaerence_n in_o the_o one_o more_o than_o in_o the_o other_o howsoever_o it_o be_v the_o difference_n be_v in_o ourselves_o the_o outward_a cause_n alone_o do_v not_o chain_v i_o to_o the_o one_o resolution_n nor_o he_o to_o the_o other_o resolution_n but_o t._n h._n may_v say_v that_o our_o several_a and_o respective_a deliberation_n and_o affection_n be_v in_o part_n the_o cause_n of_o our_o contrary_a resolution_n and_o do_v concur_v with_o the_o outward_a cause_n to_o make_v up_o one_o total_a and_o adequate_a cause_n to_o the_o necessary_a production_n of_o this_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v so_o he_o have_v spin_v a_o fair_a thread_n to_o make_v all_o this_o stir_n for_o such_o a_o necessity_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o deny_v or_o doubt_v of_o when_o all_o the_o cause_n have_v actual_o determine_v themselves_o than_o the_o effect_n be_v in_o be_v for_o though_o there_o be_v a_o priority_n in_o nature_n between_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n yet_o they_o be_v together_o in_o time_n and_o the_o old_a rule_n be_v e_o whatsoever_o be_v when_o it_o be_v be_v necessary_o so_o as_o it_o be_v this_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n but_o only_o upon_o supposition_n that_o a_o man_n have_v determine_v his_o own_o liberty_n when_o we_o question_v whether_o all_o occurrence_n be_v necessary_a we_o do_v not_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a when_o they_o be_v nor_o whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a in_o sensu_fw-la composito_fw-la after_o we_o have_v resolve_v and_o final_o determine_v what_o to_o do_v but_o whether_o they_o be_v necessary_a before_o they_o be_v determine_v by_o ourselves_o by_o or_o in_o the_o praecedent_a cause_n before_o ourselves_o or_o in_o the_o exterior_a cause_n without_o ourselves_o it_o be_v not_o inconsistent_a with_o true_a liberty_n to_o determine_v itself_o but_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o true_a liberty_n to_o be_v determine_v by_o another_o without_o itself_o t._n h._n say_v further_o that_o upon_o your_o lordship_n desire_n and_o i_o he_o be_v content_v to_o begin_v with_o this_o discourse_n of_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n that_o be_v to_o change_v his_o former_a resolution_n f_z if_o the_o chain_n of_o necessity_n be_v no_o strong_a but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v snap_v so_o easy_o in_o sunder_o if_o his_o will_n be_v not_o otherwise_o determine_v without_o himself_o but_o only_o by_o the_o signification_n of_o your_o lordship_n desire_n and_o my_o modest_a entreaty_n than_o we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o humane_a affair_n be_v not_o always_o govern_v by_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o a_o man_n be_v lord_n of_o his_o own_o action_n if_o not_o in_o chief_a yet_o in_o mean_a subordinate_a to_o the_o lord_n paramount_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o that_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_o determine_v in_o the_o outward_a and_o precedent_a cause_n but_o that_o fair_a entreaty_n and_o moral_a persuasion_n may_v work_v upon_o a_o good_a nature_n so_o far_o as_o to_o prevent_v that_o which_o otherwise_o have_v be_v and_o to_o produce_v that_o which_o otherwise_o have_v not_o be_v he_o that_o can_v reconcile_v this_o with_o a_o antecedent_n necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o a_o physical_a or_o natural_a determination_n of_o all_o cause_n shall_v be_v great_a apollo_n to_o i_o whereas_o t._n h._n say_v that_o he_o have_v never_o utter_v his_o opinion_n of_o this_o question_n i_o suppose_v he_o intend_v in_o writing_n my_o conversation_n with_o he_o have_v not_o be_v frequent_a yet_o i_o remember_v well_o that_o when_o this_o question_n be_v agitate_a between_o we_o two_o in_o your_o lordship_n chamber_n by_o your_o command_n he_o do_v then_o declare_v himself_o in_o word_n
the_o universal_a work_n of_o god_n and_o then_o it_o be_v absurd_a for_o the_o universe_n as_o one_o aggregate_v of_o thing_n natural_a have_v no_o intention_n his_o doctrine_n that_o follow_v concern_v the_o generation_n of_o monster_n be_v not_o worth_a consideration_n therefore_o i_o leave_v it_o whole_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n e_z then_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a help_n that_o god_n may_v punish_v by_o right_a of_o omnipotence_n though_o there_o be_v no_o sin_n the_o question_n be_v not_o now_o what_o god_n may_v do_v but_o what_o god_n will_v do_v according_a to_o that_o covenant_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o man_n fac_n hoc_fw-la &_o vives_fw-la do_v this_o and_o thou_o shall_v live_v it_o be_v plain_a to_o let_v pass_v that_o he_o put_v punishment_n where_o i_o put_v affliction_n make_v a_o true_a sentence_n false_a that_o if_o a_o man_n do_v this_o he_o shall_v live_v and_o he_o may_v do_v this_o if_o he_o will_n in_o this_o the_o bishop_n and_o i_o disagree_v not_o this_o therefore_o be_v not_o the_o question_n but_o whether_o the_o will_v to_o do_v this_o or_o not_o to_o do_v this_o be_v in_o a_o man_n own_o election_n whereas_o he_o add_v he_o that_o will_v not_o the_o death_n of_o a_o sinner_n do_v much_o less_o will_v the_o death_n of_o a_o innocent_a creature_n he_o have_v forget_v for_o a_o while_n that_o both_o good_a and_o evil_a man_n be_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n all_o mortal_a but_o present_o correct_v himself_o and_o say_v he_o mean_v by_o death_n eternal_a torment_n that_o be_v to_o say_v eternal_a life_n but_o in_o torment_n to_o which_o i_o have_v answer_v once_o before_o in_o this_o book_n and_o speak_v much_o more_o ample_o in_o another_o book_n to_o which_o the_o bishop_n have_v inclination_n to_o make_v a_o answer_n as_o appeareth_z by_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n that_o which_o follow_v to_o the_o end_n of_o this_o number_n have_v be_v urge_v and_o answer_v already_o divers_a time_n i_o therefore_o pass_v it_o over_o j._n d._n but_o the_o patron_n of_o necessity_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o 18._o numb_a 18._o plain_a field_n with_o reason_n have_v certain_a retreat_n or_o distinction_n which_o they_o fly_v unto_o for_o refuge_n first_o they_o distinguish_v between_o stoical_a necessity_n and_o christian_a necessity_n between_o which_o they_o make_v a_o threefold_a difference_n first_o say_v they_o the_o stoic_n do_v subject_a jupiter_n to_o destiny_n but_o but_o we_o subject_a destiny_n to_o god_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o stoical_a and_o christian_a destiny_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o fatum_fw-la quasi_fw-la effatum_fw-la jovis_n hear_v seneca_n destiny_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o action_n depend_v upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n i_o add_v that_o the_o stoic_n leave_v a_o great_a liberty_n to_o jupiter_n over_o destiny_n than_o these_o stoical_a christian_n do_v to_o god_n over_o his_o decree_n either_o for_o the_o beginning_n of_o thing_n as_o euripides_n or_o for_o the_o progress_n of_o they_o as_o chrysippus_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n as_o all_o of_o they_o general_o so_o virgil_n sed_fw-la trahere_fw-la &_o moras_fw-la ducere_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o osiris_n in_o apuleius_n promise_v he_o to_o prolong_v his_o life_n ultra_fw-la fato_fw-la constituta_fw-la tempora_fw-la beyond_o the_o time_n set_v down_o by_o the_o destiny_n next_o they_o say_v that_o the_o stoic_n do_v hold_v a_o eternal_a flux_n and_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n but_o they_o believe_v that_o god_n do_v act_n praeter_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la beside_o and_o against_o nature_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a whether_o they_o attribute_v necessity_n to_o god_n or_o to_o the_o star_n or_o to_o a_o connexion_n of_o cause_n so_o as_o they_o establish_v necessity_n the_o former_a reason_n do_v not_o only_o condemn_v the_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o necessity_n but_o much_o more_o necessity_n itself_o upon_o what_o ground_n soever_o either_o they_o must_v run_v into_o this_o absurdity_n that_o the_o effect_n be_v determine_v the_o cause_n remain_v undetermined_a or_o else_o hold_v such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o stoic_n do_v last_o they_o say_v the_o stoic_n do_v take_v away_o liberty_n and_o contingence_n but_o they_o admit_v it_o i_o answer_v what_o liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v it_o they_o admit_v but_o a_o titular_a liberty_n and_o a_o empty_a shadow_n of_o contingence_n who_o do_v profess_v stiff_o that_o all_o action_n and_o event_n which_o either_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v can_v but_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v otherwise_o after_o any_o other_o manner_n in_o any_o other_o place_n time_n number_n order_n measure_n nor_o to_o any_o other_o end_n than_o they_o be_v and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o god_n determine_v they_o to_o one_o what_o a_o poor_a ridiculous_a liberty_n or_o contingence_n be_v this_o second_o they_o distinguish_v between_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n they_o say_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n many_o thing_n be_v free_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n all_o thing_n be_v necessary_a this_o answer_n may_v be_v take_v away_o two_o way_n first_o so_o contrary_n shall_v be_v true_a together_o the_o same_o thing_n 1._o 1._o at_o the_o same_o time_n shall_v be_v determine_v to_o one_o and_o not_o determine_v to_o one_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n must_v necessary_o be_v and_o yet_o may_v not_o be_v perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v not_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n but_o that_o which_o strike_v at_o the_o root_n of_o this_o question_n be_v this_o if_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v only_o collateral_a this_o exception_n may_v have_v some_o colour_n but_o where_o all_o the_o cause_n be_v join_v together_o and_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o do_v make_v but_o one_o total_a cause_n if_o any_o one_o cause_n much_o more_o the_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o subordination_n of_o cause_n be_v necessary_a it_o determine_v the_o rest_n and_o without_o doubt_n make_v the_o effect_n necessary_a necessity_n or_o liberty_n be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v from_o one_o cause_n but_o from_o all_o the_o cause_n join_v together_o if_o one_o link_n in_o a_o chain_n be_v fast_o it_o fasten_v all_o the_o rest_n second_o i_o will_v have_v they_o tell_v i_o whether_o the_o second_o 2._o 2._o cause_n be_v predetermine_v by_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v determine_v than_o the_o effect_n be_v necessary_a even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n if_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o determine_v how_o be_v the_o effect_n determine_v the_o second_o cause_n remain_v undetermined_a nothing_o can_v give_v that_o to_o another_o which_o it_o have_v not_o itself_o but_o say_v they_o nevertheless_o the_o power_n or_o faculty_n remain_v free_a true_o but_o not_o in_o order_n to_o the_o act_n if_o it_o be_v once_o determine_v it_o be_v free_a in_o sensu_fw-la diviso_fw-la but_o not_o in_o sensu_fw-la composito_fw-la when_o a_o man_n hold_v a_o bird_n fast_o in_o his_o hand_n be_v she_o therefore_o free_a to_o fly_v where_o she_o will_v because_o she_o have_v wring_v or_o a_o man_n imprison_v or_o fetter_v be_v he_o therefore_o free_a to_o walk_v where_o he_o will_v because_o he_o have_v foot_n and_o a_o loco-motive_n faculty_n judge_n without_o prejudice_n what_o a_o miserable_a subterfuge_n be_v this_o which_o many_o man_n confide_v so_o much_o in_o t._n h_n certain_a distinction_n which_o he_o suppose_v may_v be_v bring_v to_o his_o argument_n be_v by_o he_o remove_v he_o say_v a_o man_n may_v perhaps_o answer_v that_o the_o necessity_n of_o thing_n hold_v by_o he_o be_v not_o a_o stoical_a necessity_n but_o a_o christian_a necessity_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o distinction_n i_o have_v not_o use_v nor_o indeed_o have_v ever_o hear_v b●fore_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v any_o man_n can_v make_v stoical_a and_o christian_n two_o kind_n of_o necessity_n though_o they_o may_v be_v two_o kind_n of_o doctrine_n nor_o have_v i_o draw_v my_o answer_n to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o sect_n but_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o here_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o certain_a word_n of_o he_o in_o this_o place_n as_o make_v against_o his_o own_o tenet_n where_o all_o the_o cause_n say_v he_o be_v join_v together_o and_o subordinate_a one_o to_o another_o do_v make_v but_o one_o total_a cause_n if_o any_o one_o cause_n much_o more_o the_o first_o in_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o subordination_n of_o cause_n be_v necessary_a it_o determine_v the_o rest_n and_o without_o doubt_n make_v the_o effect_n necessary_a for_o that_o which_o i_o call_v the_o necessary_a cause_n of_o
be_v intelligible_a enough_o for_o he_o have_v say_v in_o his_o reply_n to_o numb_a 24._o that_o his_o opinion_n be_v demonstrable_a in_o reason_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v how_o i●_n consist_v together_o with_o god_n eternal_a prescience_n and_o though_o it_o exceed_v his_o weak_a capacity_n yet_o he_o ought_v to_o adhere_v to_o that_o truth_n which_o be_v manifest_a so_o that_o to_o he_o that_o truth_n be_v manifest_a ●nd_v demonstrable_a by_o reason_n which_o be_v beyond_o his_o capacity_n so_o that_o word_n beyond_o capacity_n be_v with_o he_o intelligible_a enough_o but_o the_o reader_n be_v to_o be_v judge_n of_o that_o i_o can_v add_v many_o other_o passage_n that_o discover_v both_o his_o little_a logic_n as_o take_v t●●_n insignificant_a word_n above_o recite_v for_o term_n of_o art_n a●d_v hi●_n no_o philosophy_n in_o distinguish_v between_o moral_a and_o ●●tur●l●_n m●tion_n and_o by_o call_v some_o motion_n metaphorical_a and_o his_o th●r_n offer_v at_o the_o cause_n of_o sight_n and_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a lie_n and_o his_o talk_n of_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o l●ud-stone_n and_o diverse_a other_o place_n of_o his_o book_n but_o to_o make_v a_o end_n i_o shall_v brief_o draw_v up_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o we_o have_v both_o say_v that_o which_o i_o have_v maintain_v be_v that_o no_o man_n have_v his_o future_a will_n in_o his_o own_o present_a power_n that_o it_o may_v be_v change_v by_o other_o and_o by_o the_o change_n of_o thing_n without_o he_o and_o when_o it_o be_v change_v it_o be_v not_o change_v nor_o determine_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o itself_o and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v undetermined_a it_o be_v no_o will_n because_o every_o one_o that_o will_v will_v something_o in_o particular_a that_o deliberation_n be_v common_a to_o man_n with_o beast_n as_o be_v alternate_a appetite_n and_o not_o ratiocination_n and_o the_o last_o act_n or_o appetite_n therein_o and_o which_o be_v immediate_o follow_v by_o the_o action_n the_o only_a will_n that_o can_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o other_o and_o which_o only_o make_v a_o action_n in_o public_a judgement_n voluntary_a that_o to_o be_v free_a be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o do_v if_o a_o man_n will_v and_o if_o he_o will_v to_o forbear_v and_o consequent_o that_o this_o freedom_n be_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o man_n and_o not_o of_o the_o will_n that_o the_o will_n be_v not_o free_a but_o subject_a to_o change_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o external_a cause_n that_o all_o external_a cause_n depend_v necessary_o on_o the_o first_o eternal_a cause_n god_n almighty_a who_o work_v in_o we_o both_o to_o will_v and_o to_o do_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o second_o cause_n that_o see_v neither_o man_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o can_v work_v upon_o itself_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o man_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o his_o own_o will_n shall_v concur_v with_o god_n either_o as_o a_o actor_n or_o as_o a_o instrument_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o fortune_n as_o by_o a_o cause_n nor_o any_o thing_n without_o a_o cause_n or_o concurrence_n of_o cause_n sufficient_a to_o bring_v it_o so_o to_o pass_v and_o that_o every_o such_o cause_n and_o their_o concurrence_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o providence_n good_a pleasure_n and_o work_v of_o god_n and_o consequent_o though_o i_o do_v with_o other_o call_v many_o event_n contingent_a and_o say_v they_o happen_v yet_o because_o they_o have_v every_o of_o they_o their_o several_a sufficient_a cause_n and_o those_o cause_n again_o their_o former_a cause_n i_o say_v they_o happen_v necessary_o and_o though_o we_o perceive_v not_o what_o they_o be_v yet_o there_o be_v of_o the_o most_o contingent_a event_n as_o necessary_a cause_n as_o of_o those_o event_n who_o cause_n we_o perceive_v or_o else_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v foreknow_v as_o they_o be_v by_o he_o that_o foreknow_v all_o thing_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o bishop_n maintain_v that_o 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and_o not_o assent_v it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o sinful_a act_n proceed_v not_o from_o god_n will_n but_o be_v will_v by_o he_o by_o a_o permissive_a will_v not_o a_o operative_a will_n and_o harden_v the_o heart_n of_o man_n by_o a_o negative_a obduration_n that_o man_n will_n be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n but_o his_o motus_fw-la primo_fw-la primi_fw-la not_o in_o his_o own_o power_n nor_o necessary_a save_o only_a by_o a_o hypothetical_n necessity_n that_o the_o will_n to_o change_n be_v not_o always_o a_o change_n of_o will_n that_o not_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v from_o sufficient_a but_o some_o thing_n from_o deficient_a cause_n that_o if_o the_o power_n of_o the_o will_v be_v present_a in_o actu_fw-la primo_fw-la then_o ther●_n be_v nothing_o want_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n that_o a_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o effect_n though_o it_o want_v something_o necessary_a to_o the_o 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the_o will_n be_v free_a even_o then_o when_o it_o act_v but_o that_o be_v in_o a_o compound_a not_o in_o a_o divide_a sense_n that_o to_o be_v make_v and_o to_o be_v eternal_a do_v consist_v together_o because_o god_n decree_n be_v make_v and_o be_v nevertheless_o eternal_a that_o the_o order_n beauty_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o world_n do_v require_v that_o in_o the_o universe_n there_o shall_v be_v agent_n of_o all_o sort_n some_o necessary_a some_o free_a some_o contingent_a that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o to_o morrow_n it_o shall_v rain_v or_o not_o rain_n yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v true_a determinatè_fw-fr that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o necessity_n be_v a_o blasphemous_a desperate_a and_o destructive_a doctrine_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v a_o atheist_n that_o then_o to_o hold_v it_o &_o he_o that_o maintain_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v refute_v with_o rodd_n then_o with_o argument_n and_o now_o whether_o this_o his_o doctrine_n or_o i_o be_v the_o more_o intelligible_a more_o rational_a or_o more_o conformable_a to_o gords_z word_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n but_o whatsoever_o be_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o dispute_v question_v the_o reader_n may_v peradventure_o think_v i_o have_v not_o use_v the_o bishop_n with_o that_o respect_n i_o ought_v or_o without_o disadvantage_n of_o my_o cause_n i_o may_v have_v do_v for_o which_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o short_a apology_n a_o little_a before_o the_o last_o parliament_n of_o the_o ●●te_a king_n when_o every_o man_n 〈…〉_o free_o against_o the_o then_o present_a government_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a my_o study_n to_o consider_v the_o ground_n and_o consequence_n of_o such_o behaviour_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v conformable_a or_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o after_o some_o time_n i_o do_v put_v in_o order_n and_o publish_v my_o thought_n thereof_o first_o in_o latin_a and_o then_o again_o the_o same_o in_o english_a where_o i_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o scripture_n that_o they_o who_o have_v once_o submit_v themselves_o to_o any_o sovereign_a governor_n either_o by_o express_a acknowledgement_n of_o his_o power_n or_o by_o receive_v protection_n from_o his_o law_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o supreme_a power_n but_o he_o in_o any_o matter_n or_o question_v whatsoever_o either_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a in_o which_o book_n of_o i_o i_o pursue_v my_o subject_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o particular_a man_n that_o hold_v any_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o that_o which_o i_o then_o write_v only_o in_o general_n i_o maintain_v that_o the_o office_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v not_o magisterial_a but_o ministerial_a and_o that_o their_o teach_n of_o the_o people_n be_v found_v up_o n●o_o other_o authority_n then_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o word_n tend_v to_o the_o disgrace_n either_o of_o episcopacy_n or_o of_o presbytery_n nevertheless_o i_o find_v since_o that_o divers_a of_o they_o whereof_o th●_n bishop_n of_o derry_n be_v one_o have_v take_v offence_n especial_o at_o two_o thing_n one_o that_o i_o make_v the_o supremacy_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n the_o other_o that_o be_v no_o clergyman_n i_o deliver_v doctrine_n and_o ground_n they_o u●on_a word_n of_o the_o scripture_n which_o doctrine_n they_o be_v by_o profession_n divine_n have_v never_o teach_v and_o in_o this_o their_o displeasure_n divers_a of_o they_o in_o their_o book_n and_o sermon_n without_o answer_v any_o of_o my_o argument_n have_v not_o only_o exclaim_v against_o my_o doctrine_n but_o revile_v i_o and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v i_o hateful_a 〈…〉_o thing_n for_o which_o if_o they_o kn●w_v their_o own_o and_o the_o public_a good_a they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v i_o thanks_o there_o be_v also_o one_o of_o they_o that_o take_v offence_n at_o i_o for_o blame_v in_o part_n the_o discipline_n institute_v heretofore_o and_o regulate_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o university_n not_o only_o rank_n i_o among_o thos●_n man_n that_o will_v have_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o university_n diminish_v and_o say_v plain_o i_o have_v no_o religion_n but_o also_o think_v i_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a of_o the_o world_n as_o to_o believe_v that_o our_o university_n maintain_v popery_n and_o this_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v vindiciae_fw-la academiarum_fw-la if_o either_o of_o the_o university_n have_v think_v itself_o injure_v i_o believe_v it_o can_v have_v authorize_v or_o appoint_v some_o member_n of_o they_o whereof_o there_o be_v many_o able_a man_n than_o he_o to_o have_v make_v their_o vindication_n but_o this_o vindex_n as_o little_a dog_n to_o please_v their_o master_n use_n to_o bark_v in_o token_n of_o their_o sedulity_n indifferent_o at_o stranger_n till_o they_o be_v rate_v off_o unprovoke_v by_o i_o have_v fall_v upon_o i_o without_o bid_v i_o have_v be_v public_o injure_v by_o many_o of_o who_o i_o take_v no_o notice_n suppose_v that_o that_o humour_n will_v spend_v itself_o but_o see_v it_o last_o and_o grow_v high_o in_o this_o writing_n i_o now_o answer_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a at_o last_o to_o make_v of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o first_o of_o this_o bishop_n a_o example_n finis_fw-la