offend wittingly and deceiue themselues with the couloure of true pleasure or payne as those doo that bée incontinent whose minde and reason while it striueth with desire iudgeth that to bée éeuell which in trueth is éeuell howbeit they want the perfecte knowledge not iudginge so exquisitely as they ought and indéede are caryed away rather with opinion then iudgement so sufferinge their reasons to bee ruled by affection For doubtlesse if they knewe the trueth as it is they should not erre Thus desire ouercummeth reason with ignoraunce and true knowledge is neuer ouercum by affection But howsoeuer the case standeth there is nothing better for a Traueiler then to bridle his lustes and affection himself if hée be able If not the nexte is to vse the meanes and help of others followinge the precepte of Hesiodus Which Homere lykewise expresseth in the example of Vlisses feininge that hee stopped his mates eares with waxe that they shuld not be entised with singing of the Sirenes But hée that will doo nether of these twayne hee voluntarely séeketh his owne harme casteth himselfe headlong into all kind of lewdnes And as touching repressinge his affections he shall doo it more easely and willingly if hée think often of returning into his cuntrey as Homere writeth Vlisses dyd by this meanes through his owne discretion he may withstande the allurements of sundry pleasures get the victory ouer all kind of naughtiues There is an auntient complaint made by many that our cuntreymen vsually bringe thrée thinges with them out of Italye a naughty conscience an empty Purse and a weake stomacke and many times it chaunceth so indéede But what is the cause thereof for in those places of Italie where the studye of good Artes doth moste flourishe the Aire is not vnholsome the dyet such as euery man doth require the men godly and vngodly good and bad There are séene also dayly many examples of vertues and vices in all sortes of men It remayneth therfore that the same hapneth by our owne voluntarye will and méere motion that we liue so that béeinge snared in the toyles of vices wée sustaine los of godlynesse health monie that it is growen into a prouerbe amonge the Italians Thedesco Italionato Diabolo incarnato that is to saye a Dutchman become in maners lyke an Italian putteth on the nature of the Deuill and is apt vnto all kinde of wickednesse Euerye Nation hath his peculiare vices which it béehooueth vs to know but not to followe To conclude we must so line among forrein Nacions that when we returne home wée may frequent our owne Cuntrey guise if it bée good not bringe home with vs vices for vertues ignorance for knowledge naughtines for goodnes opinion for certentie sicknes for health or whatsoeuer els is wicked execrable both with losse of time and expense of money and so to returne home with shame and shame enough And forasmuch as there bée manye and diuers anoiaÌ„ces wherat traueilers must make small curtesie therfore are there many benefits and priuiledges by both lawes graunted vnto them For strangers and traueilers aâ—compted in the number of the Church and spiratualtie and whoso hurteth them or their goods are excomunicated vnlesse when they be admonished thereof they make satisfaction Likewise they that traueill for religions sake are frée from payinge skot or lot And all traueilers and strangers haue frée lybertye to béequeath their goodes at their pleasure and if any chaunce to die intestate their goodes which they haue brought with them shall not appertayne to hym in whose house they lie but they come to the Byshop of the same diocesse either to bée deliuered vnto the next hèires or to bée employd to godlye purposes But if it chaunce that the Host detayne any of these goods in his handes fraudulentlye he is compelled to restore thréefold so much to the Byshop enie custome to the contrarye notwithstandinge or else he â—â—eseth the lybertie to make a testament yea who soeuer kéepeth away any parte of the straungers goodes that die hée sinneth mortally vnlesse he doo it to th' intent to deliuer them to the true heire and is not to be excused by any statute custome or commaundement as Hostiensis prooueth at large Moreouer such as traueil for relligioÌ„s sake ought not to be troubled or stâ—â—d for det in any place through which they traueil nor to bée takeÌ„ by occasion or meanes of that which Lawiers call stoppinge or reâ—â—raiâ—â—h Likewise along iourny takeÌ„ in hand for matter of â—cessitie may defer mariage Last of all the law hath also prouided for those the traueil for studie sake There is extant also a constitution made by Frederick the Emperour in Iustinians Code wherein hée graunteth vnto all that traueill to study safecondit to traueill and frée lybertie to tary in any place forbiddinge that in no wise they be troubled for the offence or det of another permittinge them to choose béefore what iudge they wilbée conuented shewing also the causes why it ought to be so Wee must also vnderstand that Schollars goods are exempted froÌ„ payments and exactions Which point although it bée not expressed in this constitution yet by these words Let them freely come and dwell and by many other argumentes moe interpretours do gather the same And this whole constitution is to bee vnderstoode of such Scholers as studye and not of those whose skill and minde is more on their dishes then their Books although their names be written in the Matricular bookes of studients as they tearme it by the testimony of publique Notaries and Apparitours But this constitution is not written concerninge all Schooles but only of such as are approued by thaucthoritie of great Princes or longe continuance as Baâ—olus hath noted There are extant also many titles of priuiledges belonging to Scollars in the Code writen in the time of the auntient Lawiers as of the Priuiledges of Schooles in the x. Booke Likewise of the professours of the Citie of Constantinople in the xii Booke And at this present there bée sundrye noble Vniuersities of studentes endued with many goodly Priuiledges giuen by the Byshoppes of Rome Emperours and other Princes with Franciscus Bologninus hath gathered together ¶ Examples of Notable men that haue traueilled The 7. Chapter HEtherto wée haue sufficientlye intreated of such things as apperteine to the declaration of the definition of Traueill let vs nowe therefore recite some examples of such men as haue gotten themselues great commendacion glorie by traueill And although this place bée more copious then that it may bee comprised in fewe wordes for who is able to examine all men of all states and condicion whatsoeuer not withstanding I wyll bringe foorth the most notable examples of the most excelleÌ„t men in sundrie kinds of life And to begin with Philosophers it is well knowne the Pythagoras went first into Egipt there to learne of the priestes of that cuntry the vertu of numbers
THE TRAVEILER of Ierome Turler deuided into two Bookes The first conteining a notable discourse of the maner and order of traueiling ouersea or into straunge and forrein Countreys The second comprehending an excellent description of the most delicious Realme of Naples in Italy A woorke very pleasaunt for all persons to reade and right profitable and necessarie vnto all such as are minded to Traueyll ¶ Imprinted at London by William How for Abraham Veale 1575. To the Right honourable and renowmed Barons the Lord George Hugh and Vitus brethren of the auncient house of the Schonburges Lordes of Glaucha and Waldenburge Ierome Turler sendeth gréeting RYght honorable and renoumed Barons it is nobly written by Isocrates that children oughte too keepe their fathers Friends as diligētly as they woulde their owne inheritance And your father of worthy memorie loued my father deerely hee liued togither with your Grandfather many yeeres in the Courte of Duke George the noble Duke of Saxonie and he was borne in the dayes of your Greatgrandfather of Austine Turler his father who was then Consull of Lesnick which towne is vnder your inrisdiction at this day and whereof my Vncle is nowe at this present Consull one whom yee knowe ryghtwell Wherefore I haue often deuised with my self by what meanes I might likewise continue this frendship or rather testefie my dutie towards you your familie and if it could bee how to enlarge the same but hetherto I coulde finde no good opportunitie for that yee were of so smal yeeres that wanted rather instruction in discretion and good manners then to bee occupied in debating of graue matters and also yee had such instructers and schoolemaisters that if yee followed their documentes there should redownd great honour to your selues and great commoditie to your subiectes Albeit then it be so that ye haue no neede of myne admoniciō either to the studie of vertue godlinesse or towards the attaining of good artes learning yet the significatiō of a mans dutie is wont to be acceptable to good natures such especially such as are of Nobilitie and descended of the greatest parentage Thus staying my self vpō this groūd I sēd vnto ye this booke which I haue written in the behalf of such as are desierous to traueill and to see forreine Cuntries specially of students For since Experience is the greatest parte of humane wisedome and the same is increased by traueil I suppose there is no man will deney but that a mā may become the wiser by traueiling How beit if in any thing surely in this most diligent circumspection is very requisite by reason of the daungers that offer themselues vnto traueilers and the weakenesse of mans iudgment which vnlesse it be then confirmed by vse experience and holpen by the counsel of others it will soone be brought into errour Here is moreouer to be added that the youth and flourishing yeeres are moste commonly employd in traueill which of their owne course and condicion are inclined vnto vice and much more ernestly imbrace the same if it be entised thereto which manica time and often chaunceth in traueyling wherfore mee thinkes they do a good deede and well deserue of al mē that gyue preceptes of traueyling Which thing althoughe I perceyue that some haue doone yet haue they doone it heere and there in sundrie Bookes and not in any one certeine place And being a necessarie thing to haue all such matter in a readinesse as may well and profitably be said of one thing I haue therefore handled that argument according to the definitiue Methode as they speake in the schooles and haue comprehended also as I iudge in one Booke whatsoeuer is necessarie for any to know concerning the due taking in hand of traueill and the prosperous perfourming of the same I haue also adioyned vnto this discourse another booke wherin I haue applied those preceptes of mine vnto such things as seemed vnto me worthy the seing and obseruing in the Realme of Naples which beeinge none other thing then an example of such documentes as wee haue set down in the first Booke I haue therefore made the title vnto all the whole writing Of Traueill and of the Realme of Naples because no man shall thinke that I haue coupled contrary thinges togither For although in deede it bee one thing to intreate of the Realme of Naples and another thing to giue preceptes vnto such as meane to traueill yet since traueiling consisteth of viewing diligent consideratiō of things and preceptes are lightned by examples there is no iust impediment to the contrarie but that I maye ioyne these twaine togither And as I haue also admonished in the booke I trust that this my labour will bee the more acceptable vnto some for the same cause For if they shall want preceptes they shall finde them heere in a readinesse and if they do require an example agreeable to preceptes they haue heere suche a one beefore their eyes which may both instruct their mindes and also inflame them vnto the knowledge of most bewtifull sightes and Antiquitie Receiue in good parte Right honorable and renoumed Barons this simple gifte from mee and therin my dutie and seruice towardes ye and your familie Which if it shall please you to do I wil do min indeuor to omit nothing which I may thinke to tende vnto the commendation and ornament of your house and that my good will may be knowen vnto you hereafter by some traueill of more graue argument Fare yee well The Contentes of the Chapters contained in this present woorke In the firste Booke OF the Definition of Traueill with a proposition thereto annexed Chap. 1 What Persons are meete or vnmeete to traueil and also of the causes of traueill Chapter 2. Howe a man ought to Traueill and of the effect and commoditie of Traueill Chap. 3 Of the properties of the foure principall Nacions of Europe and how a man shall know whether he haue profited by traueill or not Chap. 4 What thinges are to be considered in traueillinge Chap. 5. How wee ought to make a choyce of suche thinges as wee see or learne in traueillinge and of the Traueillers Priuiledges Chap. 6 Examples of notable men that haue traueilled Chap. 7. Of such matter as is commonly obiected against traueillers with a confutacion thereof Chap 8 An answere to the principall Question with a notable commendacion of Traueill thereto anexed Chap. 9 ¶ In the second Booke THe Argument and Contentes of the seconde Booke with the intent and deuise of the same breefly expressed Chap. 1 Portus Baianus commonly called La Pescina mirabile a wounderfull Fishponde Chap. 2 Centum cellae commonly called Cento camerelle an hundred Chambers Chap. 3 Mons Canita the Hill Canita Chap. 4 Lacus Auerni the Lake Auernus Chap. 5. Ciceroes Academie Villedge and hoat Bathes Chap. 6 Cumae the citie Cuma Chap. 7 Baines Chap. 8. A Well or Fowntaine in the Sea and the way called Attellana Chap. 9
which in one place are of more force vertue then in another and they also of sundry and dyuers kindes whose properties and qualyties who so is ignoraunt of is not worthy the name of a Phylosopher much lesse of a Physicion who ought to be vnskilfull of nothinge appertayning to the nature and diuersitie of thinges places and men Yea there bée fruits of sundrye Trées who amonge the auntient writters are called after the names of them that founde them that is to saye of those that firste brought them out of forreine lands and planted them in their owne As ar Manlians of Manlius Macians of Macius Claudians of Claudius as Plinie hath noted and also Appians or Melapians in smell and bignes lyke Quinâ—â—s because Appius of the House of Claudia graffed the same firste vpon a Quince In lyke maner saieth Plinie Decumian Peares and Dobellian and Pompeian called teat or Dugge Peares haue ennobeled their founders and firste planters with many other fruites moe well nigh innumâ—rable So Lucius vitellius béeing Censor brought the Nut Pistick first into Italy and by the aucthoritie of Athenaeus and Plinie wée know that Lucullus being generall of the Romane Armye after that hée had vanquished Mithridates and obtayned the vpperhande was the firrst that euer brought the Cherietree out of Cerasus a certen place and libertie of Pontus called nowe Zephano into Italy callynge also the Fruite thereof Cerasus a Cherie although some bee of another opinion It is also euydent out of the same Athenaeus that Citrions wer neuer séene nor tasted of within the remembraunce of Plutarches Grandfathers Neither yet were they commonlye eatâ— in Plinies and Theophrastus time but onely estéemed and regarded for tâ—eir pleasant smell Traueill is also profitable vnto the studie of the Lawe for that the lawe is more dilygently reade in one place then in another wherin also are some things of such sorte that eyther for the ouldnes of them or for lack of vsing of them are almost vnknowne how they were vsed in foretimes vnlesse a man sée them practized before his face For so haue I my selfe séene in Padua in the Praetors Pallace the handlinge of these two poynts Lapis turpitudinis and Cessio bonorum whereof mencion is made in the glosse vpon the Ciuille Lawe with sundry other of that kinde which Brissionius hath noted in his books which he wroate of antiquitie of the lawe It is also a great parte of wisdome to know the nature and maners of men how to liue with with euery body Therfore whoso traueilleth with discretion and conferreth strange kingdomes with his owne natiue soyle béesides the manyfolde commodities which I haue hetherto recited hée shall moreouer bringe away this with him the better to be able to discerne what is good and bad in his owne Cuntrey he shall also know how to correct and amend eeuel maners and to furnish himself and others with better Hée shall also haue more skyll how to entertain strangers and vnderstand the maners of men more perfectly and according to his affayres and dealinges with them applie himself vnto them according as the circumstance of time and place shal require He shal know moreouer the easines or hardnesse of oportunytie touchinge the méetest times and fittest places wherein to say or to doo anything none shall deceiue him in misreporting of any thing neither shall hée depende vpon other mens iudgement For in that respect there be many very bolde and importunate especially if ther be none to controulle them as there be lykewise some Aucthours to be founde who ether for the great loue they bare to their cuntrye or for goodwyll and affection of them to whom they write either doo aduaunce or extenuate some thinges that they excéede the credite of an history and are altogether vnmindfull of their duty So that none can better reprehende such then they whiche haue séene the thinges whereof they intreate It is profitable also to traueill a broade into strange Regions were it but to saue charges of Houshoulde at home For many there bée whiche vse sundry meanes and waies to increase their wealth And if there be any thinge in the world that wyll bring a man into consideration of his owne state surely traueill wyll do it wherein hée shall sâ—e all chaunces that maye happen to man and the mutabilitye of fickle Fortune ¶ Of the Properties of the foure principal Nations of Europe and how a man shall know whether he haue profited by traueill or not The 4. Chapter BVt forasmuch as wee are fallen into discourse of the varietie of maners and diuersitie of natures in men I suppose it were not done a mis to declare the properties of some nacions Not of all for the were a great labour peculyarly béelonginge vnto them that haue written of the situation of the Worlde or of the lyfe and maners of sundry nacions as Strabo Bohemus with others but only of those the are chief in Europe that is to say Germans Frenchmen Italians and Spaniardes These nacions differ sundrye wayes one from another as in gesture gate voyce singinge talke meanynge humanytie conuersation loue hatred affaires warfare and other things Wherefore breifly to set down the effect of the matter and to come to the purpose the Germane hath the gesture of a Cutter or Ruffian the gate of the cock a firce looke a manlyvoyce rude behauiour variable apparell and nothinge hansome The Frenchman hath a soft gate a moderate pace a milde countenaunce a pleasaunt voyce a redy toongue modest demeanure immoderate apparell The Italian hath a slow gate a graue gesture an inconstance countenaunce a lowe voyce an hasty speache magnificall béehauiour vndecent and vnséemlye apparell The Spaniard a commendable gate maners and gesture a proude looke a flexible voyce a fine speach exquisite apparel The Germans howle in their singinge except the Dutchmen who of them all doo singe indâ—ede the Frenchmen doo recorde the Spaniardes grone and the Italians bleat lyke shéep The Germans are harshe and harde in their speach and simple The Frenchmen quicke and proude the Spaniardes fine and glorious the Italians graue and craftie the Germans are coumpted good in counsel the Frenchmen rashe Spaniardes crafty and Italians clenly Towardes straungers the Germans are roughe and inhospitable the Frenchmen gentle the Spaniardes curteous and the Italians diligent In conuersation the Germanes are imperious and intollerable the Frenchmen milde the Spaniardes warie the Italians prudent In loue the Germanes be ambitious the Frenchmen inconstant the Spaniardes impacient the Italians ielous In hatred the Germans are reuengers the Frenchmen threatners the Spanyardes continuing in their purpose and the Italians secret In affaires the Germanes are painefull the Frenchmen carefull the Spanyardes wakefull the Italians circumspect In Religion and handicraftes the Germanes are excellent aboue other the Frenchmen in ciuilitie the Spaniardes in Nauigation and the Italians in learning And to bée short and not to touche
euerie perticular poynte in these Nations the Italians and Spanyardes are wyse béefore the déede Frenchmen in the déede and Germans after the déede There is also great difference béetwéene these Nations in the loue of wéemen for The Frenchman loues the nimble wenche ▪ that trippes and treades apace And aptly footes the measures fine to daunce with comly grace The Spaniarde doth more his minde in bewtie braue delight And ioyes withall to please his lust euen with his ladies sight Th' Italian with a fearfull wenches loue is best content That often shunnes the pleasant game of loue least shee be shent But shee that with a brasen face her maister can prouoke Shee is the loue that in the Germans hart beares greatest stroke These properties as they are by iudgment of many ascribed vnto the men of those nations so are there also peculiar qualities in the wéemen wherein they differ one from another whether you speake of their stature and forme of bodie gesture courage gate diuerse studies loue faith towards their husbands diligence towardes theyr Children humanitie towardes all men or whether you talke of theyr wittes and vnderstanding For the Italian wéemen for the more parte apply the studye of good learning especially if they bée of any noble familie which the Spanish wéemen doe not and the Frenchwéemen doe more studye the knowledge of forreyne toongues then of learnyng The Germane wéemen doe scarce knowe anye other language then their owne whiche they sucked from theyr mothers breastes much lesse any good learnyng So the Spanish wéemen are proude in theyr apparell and goyng the Italian wéemen graue and neate the Frenchwéemen lyght the Germanewéemē variable and foolish And vnderstand that I speake héere of the higher Germanie for the Dutche wéemen are more ciuile more graue in goyng and more giuen to learne straunge tongues then of any other nation by reason of the traficque of Merchādize which much flourisheth among them hauing England Scotland Fraunce and the higher Germany neare neighbors vnto them and are gouerned by the King of Spaine The Italian wéemen are passing wise the Spanish wéemen for the more part are dull of wit and vnderstanding the Frenchwéemen are simple rather by nature then custome the German wéemen aplie all their wittes rather vppon houshould affaires then any thing else The Spanishe wéemen vse painting to excessiuely to commende their beautie with all the Italian wéemen vse the same somewhat lesse the Frenchwéemen verie little and the Germane wéemen painte their faces béefore they bée maried onely but not all of them that which they doe is the to th' intent to deceiue their louers But as touchinge their honestie that I commit to other mens iudgement There is moreouer a certen difference béetwene these Nations and all other in those things which wée haue béefore specified wherby they are discerned from all other Nations which profiteth very muche to the framing of a mans iudgement as the sundry nations of Italians are Ligurians Tuscanes Spoletanes Latines Campanians Lucans Calabrians Salentines Apuliās Samnites Marca Anconitans Flaminians Aemilians Lumbards Venetians Forli and Slauonians these differ al not only in spéech proprietie of language pronunciacion but in maners also many other wayes Which thing how true it is Fortian questions do declare whervnto whoso ioyneth the booke that was written by one Landus Hortēsius set foorth without any name hée may bée conuersant among the Italians with great profit and honour Hetherto haue I shewen the causes and effectes of Traueill and noted the diuersitie of the principall Nations of Europe Hereafter I meane to declare how to know whether a man haue gotten any profit by his traueill or not And although it bée harde to iudge of euery perticular since diuerse traueill for diuerse causes some studie one art some another neuerthelesse who so weigheth diligently the meanes whereby euerie Art is learned hee may gather it by verie playne and euident argumentes For as no man accoumpteth hym to bée experte in Physicke that hath no knowledge in simples or that hée is a good Carpenter or Caruer that cannot discerne a Doricke Picture or statue frō a Corinthiā so nether can it be thought that hée hath well employed hys tyme and labour in traueill which hath not amended and encreased by his traueill the knowledge and skill which hee had béefore As for example if there bée one that is a politicke person and bée a Counseller to any Prince or in some frée state and say that hée hath continued some space in Fraunce it bée demaūded of him how many miles Fraunce or Spaine is in length or breadth what fortifications it hath At what syde it is easie or harde to bée assaulted Howe manie great Riuers it hath that cannot bee waded What is the chiefe force and vertue of the Spanyardes and what of the Frenchmen what is the greatest vice in both nacions wherin doth the one or the other moste repast themselues or take greatest delight In what thinge the nobilitie of Fraunce doth differ from the nobilitie of Spain wherein also the commons doe differ of both nacions what are theire studies and maners what diuersitie is béetwéene the buildinges of both those cuntreys which kinge of ether cuntrie is of greater power After what maner the subiectes in both cuntreies shewe their obedience to their prince or oppose themselues against him How mutch the bondage of Fraunce is vnlike to the bondage of Spaine How in those regions the scarcitie of corne and vitaill maye bée eschued what is the guise of Court in doth Realmes and what prouision is made that in time of warre the Husbandmen sustaine no iniurie If therfore hée can sufficiently answere these demaūdes then it is wel if not it is a great presumption that hée hath bestowed his time in other matters rather then by his traueill to know these things which it héehooueth a politicke person or a Counseller to vnderstand although ther withall he know also what kind of Dauncing the Frenchmen or Spaniardes do vse For those things are chiefly to bée obserued which tende to the principall ende not toyes and trifles or such things as appertaine not to the direct ende although we may also haue some vse of them in other affaires In fine to conclude much matter in fewe woordes the most certeine rule to knowe whether a man haue profited by traueiling is whether besides the things that I haue recited in this presēt Chapter you diligently obserue what hée iudgeth in his familiar talke of the landes wherin hée hath traueiled For hée that vnaduisedly derogateth anye thing from the dignitie and excellencie of forreine regions without iust cause preferring his natiue Cuntrey béefore those places the same is ether ruled by affection or of himself rude and foolishe not beinge able to iudge of thinges accordingly And where discretion lacketh there wanteth also choice and where choice wanteth there wisdome is foorth a towne wherwith all other