this_o author_n and_o work_n that_o he_o do_v in_o his_o paper_n give_v in_o to_o queen_n mary_n commissioner_n at_o oxford_n beside_o his_o own_o answer_n and_o confirmation_n insist_v upon_o whatever_o bertram_n write_v on_o this_o argument_n as_o a_o further_a proof_n of_o his_o doctrine_n profess_v that_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o any_o godly_a man_n can_v gainsay_v his_o argument_n and_o that_o it_o be_v this_o book_n that_o put_v he_o first_o upon_o examine_v the_o old_a opinion_n concern_v the_o presence_n of_o christ_n very_a flesh_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o sacrament_n by_o the_o scripture_n and_o elder_a father_n of_o the_o churcb_n and_o convert_v he_o from_o the_o error_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o that_o point_n and_o dr._n 107._o dr._n dr._n burnet_n hist_n of_o the_o reform_v p._n ii_o book_n i._o p_o 107._o burnet_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o add_v that_o ridley_n have_v read_v bertram_z and_o conclude_a transubstantiation_n to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n but_o late_o bring_v in_o and_o not_o full_o receive_v till_o after_o bertram_n be_v age_n communicate_v the_o matter_n with_o cranmer_n and_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o examine_v it_o with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n thus_o he_o in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o the_o disputation_n concern_v the_o real_a presence_n a._n d._n 1549._o which_o be_v the_o year_n in_o which_o the_o first_o common-prayer-book_n of_o king_n edward_n vi._n be_v publish_v at_o which_o time_n also_o bertram_n be_v print_v in_o english_a by_o order_n of_o bishop_n ridley_n so_o that_o a_o reverend_n and_o learned_a divine_a of_o our_o church_n b_o have_v reason_n in_o assert_v the_o doctrine_n of_o bertram_n be_v the_o very_a same_o doctrine_n which_o 61._o which_o several_a conference_n between_o a_o popish_a priest_n etc._n etc._n p._n 61._o the_o church_n of_o england_n embrace_v as_o most_o consonant_a to_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n which_o be_v not_o what_o our_o adversary_n will_v put_v upon_o we_o that_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n be_v a_o naked_a commemoration_n of_o our_o saviour_n death_n and_o a_o mere_a sign_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n but_o a_o efficacious_a mystery_n accompany_v with_o such_o a_o divine_a and_o spiritual_a power_n as_o render_v the_o consecrate_a element_n true_o though_o mystical_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o communicate_v to_o we_o the_o real_a fruit_n and_o save_v benefit_n of_o his_o bitter_a passion_n and_o this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o bertram_n in_o both_o part_n of_o this_o work._n chap._n vi_o that_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o singular_a in_o his_o opinion_n but_o have_v several_a other_o great_a man_n in_o his_o own_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o he_o in_o this_o point_n but_o after_o all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v if_o ratramnus_n though_o never_o so_o learned_a or_o orthodox_n be_v singular_a in_o his_o sentiment_n touch_v christ_n presence_n in_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n we_o can_v make_v little_a of_o his_o authority_n if_o the_o general_a belief_n of_o the_o church_n in_o his_o time_n be_v contrary_a it_o only_o show_v that_o one_o eminent_a divine_a have_v some_o heterodox_n opinion_n let_v we_o therefore_o examine_v the_o writer_n of_o his_o own_o age_n and_o the_o next_o after_o he_o and_o see_v whether_o he_o or_o paschasius_fw-la deliver_v the_o current_a sense_n of_o the_o church_n i_o shall_v not_o stand_v to_o examine_v the_o belief_n of_o the_o more_o ancient_a and_o pure_a time_n of_o christianity_n but_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o albertinus_n archbishop_n usher_n and_o bishop_n cousin_n for_o a_o account_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o ix_o and_o x_o century_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v several_a of_o the_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n and_o writer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o ratramnus_n and_o some_o who_o be_v offend_v at_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschasius_fw-la and_o indeed_o there_o be_v manifest_a token_n in_o his_o book_n but_o more_o evident_a proof_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o frudegardus_fw-la that_o his_o doctrine_n do_v not_o pass_v without_o contradiction_n in_o his_o own_o life_n time_n when_o he_o deliver_v his_o paradox_n he_o prepare_v his_o reader_n for_o some_o wondrous_a doctrine_n and_o so_o strange_a be_v that_o new_a doctrine_n of_o he_o that_o if_o the_o 2._o the_o anonym_n de_fw-fr euch._n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la sec_n iu._n p._n 2._o anonymous_n writer_n publish_v by_o f._n mabillon_n be_v rabanus_n his_o epistle_n to_o egilo_n this_o great_a and_o learned_a bishop_n profess_v that_o he_o never_o hear_v or_o read_v it_o before_o and_o he_o much_o wonder_v that_o st._n ambrose_n shall_v be_v quote_v for_o it_o and_o more_o that_o paschasius_fw-la shall_v assert_v it_o but_o f._n mabillon_n offer_v it_o only_o by_o way_n of_o conjecture_n modest_o submit_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o learned_a man_n whether_o that_o tract_n against_o radbertus_n be_v the_o epistle_n of_o rabanus_n or_o not_o and_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v better_a reason_n to_o persuade_v we_o that_o it_o be_v not_o than_o those_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v as_o that_o it_o bear_v not_o the_o name_n of_o rabanus_n though_o himself_o mention_v his_o writing_n on_o that_o subject_a to_o egilo_n that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o a_o epistolary_a form_n egilo_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v nor_o do_v any_o address_n to_o a_o second_o person_n appear_v throughout_o it_o but_o it_o be_v plain_o a_o polemical_a piece_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o in_o the_o anonymous_n piece_n there_o occur_v a_o odd_a distinction_n of_o the_o same_o body_n naturaliter_fw-la and_o specialiter_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o expound_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o heribaldus_n it_o be_v not_o use_v by_o rabanus_n though_o that_o epistle_n to_o egilo_n be_v first_o write_v but_o whoever_o he_o be_v that_o write_v it_o he_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n a_o author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n and_o treat_v paschasius_fw-la very_o coarse_o and_o severe_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o it_o be_v write_v while_o he_o be_v abbot_n since_o the_o author_n flout_v he_o and_o in_o a_o ironical_a way_n call_v he_o pontificem_fw-la among_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n i_o shall_v number_v 303._o number_v inter_fw-la scriptores_fw-la de_fw-la divinis_fw-la officiis_n ed._n per_fw-la hittorpium_fw-la par._n 1610._o col_fw-fr 303._o charles_n the_o great_a though_o perhaps_o the_o epistle_n to_o alcuin_n be_v write_v somewhat_o before_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o christ_n sup_v with_o his_o disciple_n break_v bread_n and_o give_v it_o they_o with_o the_o cup_n for_o a_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n and_o exhibit_v a_o sacrament_n high_o advantageous_a to_o we_o as_o venerable_a bede_n before_o he_o speak_v he_o give_v in_o the_o supper_n to_o his_o disciple_n a_o figure_n of_o his_o holy_a body_n and_o blood_n which_o notion_n consist_v not_o with_o the_o carnal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n 13._o sacrament_n apud_fw-la l'_fw-mi arroque_fw-la hist_n euch._n l._n 2._o c._n 13._o theodulphus_n aurelianensis_fw-la near_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n say_v that_o by_o the_o visible_a offering_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o the_o invisible_a consecration_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n bread_n and_o wine_n pass_v into_o the_o dignity_n not_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n as_o jesus_n christ_n be_v figure_v by_o the_o wine_n so_o be_v the_o faithful_a people_n by_o water_n amalarius_fw-la 24._o amalarius_fw-la amalarius_fw-la fortunatus_n ibidem_fw-la in_o praefat._n col._n 307._o &_o l._n 1._o c._n 24._o fortunatus_n in_o the_o preface_n of_o his_o book_n of_o divine_a office_n make_v the_o sacramental_a bread_n and_o wine_n to_o represent_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o oblation_n to_o resemble_v christ_n own_o offering_n of_o himself_o on_o the_o cross_n as_o the_o priest_n do_v the_o person_n of_o christ_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sacrament_n of_o christ_n body_n be_v secundum_fw-la quendum_fw-la modum_fw-la after_o some_o sort_n christ_n body_n which_o be_v like_a bertram_n secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la not_o absolute_o and_o proper_o but_o in_o some_o respect_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n and_o amalarius_n cite_v that_o passage_n of_o st._n augustine_n which_o bertram_n allege_v to_o render_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o sacramental_a sign_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n signify_v what_o the_o doctrine_n of_o joannes_n scotus_n be_v be_v hard_o to_o say_v only_o in_o the_o general_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o paschasius_fw-la though_o perhaps_o he_o err_v on_o the_o other_o extreme_a make_v it_o a_o naked_a empty_a figure_n or_o memory_n of_o our_o saviour_n death_n and_o
l'on_n voit_fw-fr est_fw-fr du_fw-fr pain_n etc._n etc._n verity_n of_o nature_n with_o all_o its_o dimension_n whereas_o that_o flesh_n which_o contain_v the_o image_n hereof_o in_o the_o mystery_n be_v not_o flesh_n according_a to_o sensible_a appearance_n but_o in_o the_o sacrament_n for_o according_a to_o the_o sensible_a appearance_n that_o which_o we_o behold_v be_v bread_n and_o that_o in_o the_o sacrament_n it_o be_v the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n as_o he_o himself_o declare_v in_o these_o word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n this_o be_v a_o remarkable_a specimen_fw-la of_o fidelity_n in_o translate_n and_o may_v suffice_v to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v how_o far_o he_o be_v to_o rely_v on_o the_o translator_n exactness_n and_o sincerity_n or_o to_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o his_o brethren_n of_o the_o sorbon_n who_o have_v under_o their_o hand_n declare_v this_o version_n of_o m._n boileau_n and_o his_o note_n to_o be_v conformable_a in_o every_o thing_n to_o the_o text_n of_o this_o ancient_a author_n i_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o the_o sense_n which_o he_o impose_v on_o the_o technical_a term_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o author_n be_v true_a sentiment_n be_v general_o force_v and_o often_o absurd_a that_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o author_n neither_o be_v those_o term_n so_o use_v by_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n of_o the_o same_o or_o elder_a time_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o word_n veritas_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o question_n and_o often_o occur_v in_o this_o tract_n now_o when_o ratram_n deni_v that_o which_o be_v oral_o receive_v in_o the_o sacrament_n to_o be_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n in_o verity_n or_o his_o true_a body_n and_o blood_n we_o understand_v he_o to_o deny_v the_o holy_a eucharist_n to_o be_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n in_o reality_n or_o truth_n of_o nature_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o his_o natural_a body_n and_o in_o case_n we_o pref._n we_o si_fw-mi cette_fw-fr pretention_n avoit_fw-fr eat_v autorisée_fw-fr de_fw-fr quelque_fw-fr bonne_fw-fr preuve_fw-fr il_fw-fr n'y_fw-fr auroit_fw-fr pas_fw-fr lieu_fw-fr de_fw-fr doubter_n qui_fw-fr n'_fw-fr eust_fw-fr eat_v l'inventeur_fw-fr de_fw-fr l'heresie_n du_fw-fr calvin_n p._n 27._o pref._n be_v in_o the_o right_n m._n boileau_n confess_v that_o he_o must_v yield_v the_o point_n in_o dispute_n and_o abandon_v poor_a ratram_n as_o the_o author_n of_o calvin_n heresy_n so_o he_o be_v please_v to_o style_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n for_o the_o nine_o or_o ten_o first_o century_n he_o therefore_o tell_v we_o that_o of_o 31._o of_o pref._n p._n 31._o two_o and_o forty_o place_n in_o which_o those_o term_n verum_fw-la and_z veritas_fw-la be_v find_v in_o this_o book_n there_o be_v not_o above_o seven_o or_o eight_o of_o which_o the_o protestant_n can_v make_v no_o advantage_n in_o which_o they_o signify_v real_a or_o reality_n and_o in_o the_o other_o three_o and_o thirty_o so_o curious_a have_v mr._n dean_n be_v in_o his_o observation_n it_o import_v only_o the_o manifestation_n or_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o christ_n body_n that_o in_o this_o sense_n ratram_n oppose_v verity_n to_o a_o figure_n and_o deni_v the_o holy_a eucharist_n to_o be_v christ_n true_a body_n and_o blood_n from_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n which_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v it_o the_o proper_a substance_n and_o humane_a nature_n of_o jesus_n christ._n now_o on_o this_o point_n we_o will_v join_v issue_n and_o i_o will_v first_o examine_v the_o proof_n he_o bring_v for_o his_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n and_o afterward_o i_o shall_v show_v that_o sense_n to_o be_v false_a absurd_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o that_o term_n in_o other_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n of_o the_o same_o and_o elder_a time_n to_o make_v out_o his_o notion_n of_o the_o word_n two_o thing_n be_v offer_v by_o m._n boileau_n 1._o he_o say_v that_o ratram_n himself_o expound_v verity_n by_o manifestation_n 2._o that_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o middle_a age_n use_v it_o to_o signify_v the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n and_o the_o proof_n of_o thing_n to_o the_o former_a of_o these_o somewhat_o have_v already_o be_v say_v in_o the_o 66._o the_o pag._n 66._o dissertation_n before_o this_o tract_n and_o in_o this_o appendix_n which_o i_o desire_v the_o reader_n to_o consult_v and_o i_o shall_v further_o add_v what_o i_o conceive_v will_v take_v off_o the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n i_o admit_v that_o ratram_n do_v so_o expound_v verity_n and_o define_v it_o to_o be_v the_o manifest_a demonstration_n of_o a_o thing_n but_o he_o not_o where_o expound_v manifestation_n to_o be_v the_o sensible_a appearance_n i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o verity_n which_o he_o define_v be_v propriety_n and_o plainness_n of_o speech_n in_o opposition_n to_o figurative_a speech_n and_o in_o that_o notion_n of_o this_o word_n divers_a thing_n be_v manifest_v which_o have_v no_o sensible_a appearance_n these_o say_n that_o the_o father_n be_v god_n the_o soul_n be_v a_o spirit_n that_o angel_n be_v creature_n be_v in_o ratram_n sense_n the_o naked_a manifestation_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o the_o plain_a or_o manifest_a demonstration_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o have_v no_o sensible_a appearance_n at_o all_o that_o be_v the_o word_n in_o their_o native_a signification_n import_v that_o which_o they_o be_v use_v to_o express_v whereas_o in_o the_o figurative_a and_o mystical_a form_n of_o speech_n the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o express_v quite_o another_o thing_n than_o what_o they_o real_o and_o natural_o import_v so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o covert_n and_o obscure_a the_o other_o a_o plain_a proper_a and_o natural_a way_n of_o speak_v and_o this_o bertram_n call_v the_o clear_a light_n of_o manifestation_n the_o plain_a or_o simple_a verity_n and_o our_o saxon_a homilist_n as_o i_o have_v show_v use_v a_o word_n 29._o word_n geƿissum_fw-la ðing_n folly_n 29._o of_o the_o same_o importance_n whereas_o have_v he_o understand_v bertram_n in_o that_o sense_n m._n boileau_n do_v he_o must_v have_v express_v manifestation_n by_o another_o word_n which_o be_v afterward_o use_v for_o the_o 38._o the_o some_o sƿutelunge_n be_v ðam_n halgan_a husel_n fol._n 38._o sensible_a demonstration_n of_o a_o thing_n now_o as_o this_o term_n when_o apply_v to_o form_n of_o speech_n import_v propriety_n of_o speech_n so_o when_o apply_v to_o thing_n it_o signify_v propriety_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o very_a thing_n itself_o without_o any_o mystical_a signification_n of_o or_o respect_n unto_o another_o thing_n and_o thus_o it_o stand_v oppose_v to_o a_o pledge_n a_o image_n or_o figure_n institute_v to_o represent_v one_o thing_n whilst_o it_o be_v in_o substance_n in_o reality_n and_o truth_n of_o nature_n another_o when_o it_o be_v urge_v to_o prove_v that_o ratram_n use_v the_o word_n manifestation_n to_o signify_v the_o reality_n that_o he_o must_v use_v it_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n it_o be_v use_v by_o his_o adversary_n who_o must_v either_o thereby_o understand_v the_o reality_n or_o else_o believe_v the_o holy_a eucharist_n to_o be_v our_o saviour_n body_n in_o humane_a form_n which_o none_o pretend_v they_o do_v mr._n dean_n brisk_o deny_v the_o consequence_n and_o like_o a_o doctor_n of_o great_a authority_n add_v etc._n add_v p._n 35._o je_fw-fr soutiens_fw-la qu'ils_fw-fr se_fw-fr persuadoient_fw-fr seulement_fw-fr de_fw-fr voir_fw-fr le_fw-fr corpse_n &_o le_v sang'de_v j._n c._n affectez_fw-fr des_fw-fr qualitez_fw-fr du_fw-fr pain_n &_o vin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n i_o maintain_v that_o they_o only_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v christ_n body_n affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o bread._n now_o i_o appeal_v to_o any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n whether_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o absurd_a than_o some_o passage_n of_o this_o book_n be_v if_o so_o expound_v for_o example_n in_o that_o prayer_n sumamus_fw-la prayer_n n._n 85._o quod_fw-la in_o imagine_v contingimus_fw-la sacramenti_fw-la manifesta_fw-la participatione_fw-la sumamus_fw-la wherein_o the_o church_n beg_v of_o god_n to_o grant_v the_o manifest_a participation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v receive_v in_o a_o sacramental_a image_n the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o they_o may_v partake_v of_o our_o saviour_n flesh_n under_o the_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o bread._n and_o again_o where_o manifestatio_fw-la where_o n._n 97._o nec_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la vel_fw-la aliqua_fw-la figura_fw-la vel_fw-la significatio_fw-la sed_fw-la ipsa_fw-la rei_fw-la manifestatio_fw-la he_o say_v the_o body_n which_o suffer_v and_o rise_v again_o be_v our_o saviour_n proper_a body_n and_o in_o it_o there_o be_v no_o figure_n or_o signification_n but_o the_o manifestation_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o he_o must_v mean_v if_o m._n boileau_n have_v hit_v upon_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o ratram_n adversary_n
false_o that_o ratram_n intend_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n yet_o since_o he_o treat_v his_o adversary_n as_o catholic_n and_o call_v they_o the_o faithful_a the_o question_n in_o dispute_n must_v necessary_o have_v be_v some_o opinion_n of_o less_o moment_n than_o the_o real_a presence_n the_o belief_n thereof_o or_o of_o the_o contrary_a can_v never_o have_v be_v hold_v indifferent_a by_o the_o faithful_a not_o to_o spend_v time_n in_o expose_v his_o absurd_a pretence_n to_o suppose_v a_o thing_n when_o he_o immediate_o assume_v and_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a i_o deny_v this_o consequence_n viz._n ratram_n do_v not_o call_v his_o adversary_n heretic_n but_o treat_v they_o as_o brethren_n therefore_o he_o do_v not_o write_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n all_o that_o can_v be_v conclude_v thence_o be_v that_o the_o adversary_n of_o that_o doctrine_n be_v then_o as_o they_o still_o be_v person_n of_o a_o more_o charitable_a and_o meek_a spirit_n than_o those_o who_o maintain_v and_o propagate_v it_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o heresy_n and_o some_o gross_a error_n who_o patron_n do_v not_o desert_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o ratram_n treat_v these_o err_v brethren_n as_o catholic_n and_o include_v they_o with_o their_o adversary_n in_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o faithful_a he_o must_v needs_o esteem_v the_o question_n in_o dispute_n of_o so_o little_a moment_n that_o it_o be_v indifferent_a which_o way_n it_o be_v hold_v it_o be_v plain_a he_o 11._o he_o num._n 11._o charge_v they_o with_o consequence_n very_o absurd_a 15._o absurd_a num._n 15._o with_o contradict_v themselves_o with_o subvert_v what_o they_o pretend_v to_o believe_v comprobantur_fw-la believe_v num._n 32._o sanctorum_fw-la scriptis_fw-la patrum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr comprobantur_fw-la and_o with_o contradict_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n which_o be_v no_o very_o slight_a accusation_n and_o show_v plain_o that_o he_o do_v not_o esteem_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o no_o moment_n whether_o his_o own_o or_o his_o adversary_n opinion_n be_v embrace_v his_o second_o reflection_n be_v that_o ratram_n can_v not_o possible_o write_v against_o paschase_n because_o he_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o miracle_n of_o christ_n apparition_n in_o the_o form_n of_o flesh_n allege_v by_o paschase_n in_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o he_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o miracle_n any_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o his_o other_o argument_n since_o as_o it_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o notion_n and_o not_o the_o book_n of_o paschase_n against_o which_o he_o dispute_v he_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o opponent_n throughout_o and_o never_o answer_v one_o argument_n save_v that_o he_o once_o n._n 56._o obviate_n a_o objection_n from_o st._n ambrose_n 2._o that_o admit_v we_o to_o pretend_v that_o ratram_n encounter_v the_o book_n of_o paschase_n we_o may_v as_o fair_o from_o our_o author_n silence_n infer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o miracle_n allege_v in_o it_o but_o that_o those_o fable_n be_v since_o foist_v in_o m._n boileau_n say_v that_o blondel_n reject_v the_o whole_a chapter_n as_o spurious_a i_o have_v not_o his_o book_n at_o command_n to_o see_v his_o reason_n but_o i_o can_v believe_v he_o do_v it_o without_o all_o authority_n as_o be_v pretend_v m._n boileau_n 52._o boileau_n pref._n p._n 52._o himself_o say_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o two_o last_o miracle_n be_v foist_v in_o when_o he_o acquaint_v we_o that_o one_o old_a manuscript_n have_v all_o three_o but_o another_o more_o ancient_a only_a one._n if_o one_o superstitious_a monk_n take_v liberty_n to_o insert_v those_o two_o why_o may_v not_o the_o first_o which_o doubtless_o be_v the_o fiction_n of_o some_o greek_a monk_n after_o the_o second_o nicene_n synod_n together_o with_o the_o discourse_n that_o usher_v it_o in_o be_v a_o forgery_n too_o as_o for_o the_o story_n of_o gregory_n the_o great_a and_o the_o roman_a matron_n which_o be_v likewise_o foist_v into_o our_o saxon_a homily_n out_o of_o the_o life_n of_o that_o pope_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o paschase_n shall_v allege_v it_o since_o that_o life_n of_o gregory_n be_v not_o write_v in_o many_o year_n after_o 831._o after_o according_a to_o f._n maubillon_n a._n d._n 831._o paschase_n have_v publish_v his_o book_n and_o admit_v he_o to_o have_v live_v till_o 865._o which_o be_v fourteen_o year_n after_o the_o time_n when_o sirmondus_n say_v he_o die_v paschase_n must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o seven_o year_n in_o his_o grave_n before_o diacono_fw-la before_o vide_fw-la vossium_n de_fw-fr hist_n latin._n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o de_fw-fr joanne_n diacono_fw-la joannes_n diaconus_fw-la write_v the_o life_n of_o gregory_n in_o which_o only_o it_o occur_v and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o pope_n john_n the_o viii_o who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o papal_a throne_n a._n d._n 872._o that_o be_v about_o forty_o year_n after_o paschase_n first_o publish_v his_o book_n and_o above_o twenty_o after_o his_o 851._o his_o a._n d._n 851._o resignation_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o consequent_o after_o his_o second_o publication_n of_o it_o with_o a_o epistle_n to_o carolus_n calvus_n in_o which_o he_o style_v himself_o abbot_n as_o for_o the_o story_n of_o plegil_n the_o saxon_a presbyter_n who_o pray_v to_o see_v christ_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o child_n and_o obtain_v his_o request_n it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a presumption_n against_o the_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n thereof_o that_o it_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o interpolator_n of_o the_o saxon_a homily_n who_o will_v hardly_o have_v neglect_v so_o remarkable_a a_o miracle_n wrought_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o english_a priest_n but_o three_o not_o to_o stand_v expose_v the_o falsehood_n and_o impudence_n of_o these_o feign_a apparition_n or_o rather_o of_o their_o fabulous_a author_n pope_n author_n joannes_n diaconus_fw-la live_v near_o 300_o year_n after_o gregory_n pontificate_n be_v a_o fabulous_a writer_n and_o author_n of_o the_o story_n of_o trajan's_n soul_n be_v pray_v out_o of_o hell_n by_o that_o pope_n they_o all_o prove_v too_o much_o or_o else_o just_a nothing_o for_o either_o in_o these_o apparition_n they_o see_v what_o real_o be_v under_o the_o form_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n and_o what_o real_o be_v transact_v in_o the_o sacrament_n or_o they_o do_v not_o if_o they_o do_v not_o the_o whole_a be_v a_o mere_a illusion_n and_o fancy_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o they_o do_v then_o christ_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o and_o three_o miracle_n be_v still_o a_o infant_n both_o the_o jew_n and_o the_o saxon_a priest_n be_v say_v to_o have_v see_v a_o little_a child_n again_o christ_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n as_o the_o jew_n see_v his_o body_n break_v in_o piece_n in_o st._n basil_n hand_n again_o every_o communicant_a do_v not_o receive_v christ_n entire_a but_o only_o some_o part_n of_o he_o for_o the_o roman_a matron_n see_v the_o piece_n which_o she_o be_v to_o receive_v turn_v 38._o turn_v he_o bam_fw-la ƿear_a ð_n aeteoƿed_fw-la seo_fw-la snae_v ðae_n husles_a ðe_fw-la heo_fw-la ðicgan_v sceolde_v sƿylce_o ðar_v laeg_fw-la on_o ðam_fw-la disce_fw-la anes_fw-la finger_n liþ_n aeal_a geblodgod_n hom._n sax._n fol._n 38._o into_o a_o joint_n of_o the_o little_a finger_n all_o bloody_a again_o at_o this_o rate_n christ_n must_v be_v actual_o slay_v and_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o altar_n be_v a_o bloody_a sacrifice_n for_o the_o jew_n be_v say_v to_o see_v his_o body_n divide_v in_o s._n basils_n hand_n and_o our_o saxon_a miracle_n monger_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o two_o monk_n see_v a_o angel_n with_o a_o sword_n at_o consecration_n divide_v the_o child_n body_n and_o pour_v his_o blood_n into_o the_o chalice_n and_o if_o so_o what_o become_v of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o concomitancy_n so_o that_o either_o these_o miracle_n prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o or_o else_o they_o prove_v what_o will_v as_o little_o consist_v with_o the_o romish_a belief_n as_o with_o we_o his_o three_o reflection_n be_v this_o that_o if_o ratram_n have_v be_v against_o the_o real_a presence_n he_o will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v reproach_v the_o greek_n with_o the_o belief_n of_o it_o in_o his_o four_o book_n write_v against_o they_o but_o this_o be_v a_o very_a trifle_a remark_n for_o this_o be_v a_o point_n upon_o which_o the_o greek_a as_o well_o as_o the_o latin_a church_n be_v at_o that_o time_n divide_v and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v unreasonable_a to_o reproach_n the_o whole_a church_n with_o the_o error_n of_o one_o party_n so_o it_o have_v be_v imprudent_o do_v to_o object_n to_o the_o greek_a a_o reproach_n which_o may_v have_v be_v
own_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n presence_n 14._o presence_n this_o miracle_n be_v find_v in_o paschas_fw-la radbert_n de_fw-fr corp._n &_o sang._n dom._n in_o bibl._n patrum_fw-la par._n 1610._o tom._n vi_o c._n 14._o they_o tell_v you_o of_o a_o woman_n whofe_o doubt_v touch_v the_o real_a presence_n be_v cure_v at_o the_o prayer_n of_o st._n gregory_n at_o who_o request_n god_n cause_v the_o host_n she_o be_v about_o to_o receive_v to_o appear_v as_o though_o there_o lie_v in_o the_o dish_n a_o joint_n of_o a_o finger_n all_o bloody_a whereas_o according_a to_o the_o popish_a doctrine_n christ_n 3._o christ_n council_n trid._n sess_n 13._o can._n 3._o whole_a body_n soul_n and_o divinity_n be_v in_o every_o bit_n of_o the_o host_n and_o drop_v of_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n and_o this_o miracle_n if_o it_o prove_v any_o thing_n must_v prove_v the_o contrary_n again_o our_o homilist_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o p._n 47._o say_v immediate_o after_o those_o word_n cite_v by_o i_o out_o of_o the_o 46_o page_n therefore_o the_o holy_a mass_n be_v profitable_a both_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o to_o the_o dead_a the_o propitiatory_a sacrifice_n be_v by_o this_o time_n set_v on_o foot_n which_o necessary_o suppose_v the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n but_o it_o be_v worth_a observe_n however_o that_o the_o adoration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n spring_v not_o up_o till_o some_o age_n after_o it_o be_v not_o mention_v either_o by_o radbertus_n or_o ratramnus_n or_o elfrick_n in_o this_o homily_n 3._o the_o three_o opinion_n maintain_v by_o those_o who_o do_v not_o condemn_v our_o author_n though_o they_o do_v this_o book_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o work_n of_o ratramnus_n but_o of_o joannes_n scotus_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v for_o aught_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v in_o regard_n he_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o our_o saxon_a homilist_n and_o equal_a with_o bertram_n this_o opinion_n be_v first_o deliver_v by_o the_o learned_a 2._o learned_a p._n de_fw-fr marca_n in_o epistola_fw-la apud_fw-la dacherium_fw-la in_o spicil_n tom._n 2._o peter_n de_fw-fr marca_n and_o be_v urge_v with_o great_a confidence_n by_o a_o paris_n a_o at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n arnaud_n defence_n in_o quarto_fw-la par._n 1669._o dissert_n 1._o the_o author_n be_v mr._n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n genovefe_n who_o modesty_n m._n arnaud_n tell_v we_o cause_v he_o to_o conceal_v his_o name_n this_o dissertator_n make_v a_o great_a dust_n with_o his_o conjecture_n and_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o bertram_z and_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o the_o same_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o name_n give_v he_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o this_o be_v a_o poor_a shift_n for_o every_o one_o know_v how_o different_o writer_n report_v the_o name_n of_o man_n who_o flourish_v in_o that_o age_n and_o in_o those_o part_n of_o france_n and_o where_o the_o author_n make_v no_o difference_n it_o often_o happen_v by_o the_o transcriber_n mistake_v one_o will_v think_v the_o instance_n he_o give_v of_o cellot_n anonymous_n writer_n who_o in_o his_o first_o leaf_n call_v the_o adversary_n of_o paschasius_fw-la rabanus_n and_o ratramnus_n and_o in_o the_o next_o babanus_n and_o intramus_fw-la may_v have_v suppress_v that_o objection_n in_o the_o next_o section_n he_o say_v trithemius_n and_o sigebert_n make_v bertram_n to_o have_v write_v but_o one_o book_n of_o predestination_n whereas_o ratramnus_n write_v two_o and_o that_o the_o two_o mss._n mention_v by_o suffridus_n petrus_n may_v be_v false_a write_v and_o i_o may_v better_o say_v they_o be_v not_o for_o he_o name_v neither_o more_o nor_o elder_a copy_n that_o make_v it_o out_o as_o for_o the_o precise_a number_n of_o book_n sigebert_n and_o more_o curious_a man_n be_v not_o always_o exact_a but_o many_o time_n where_o the_o work_n be_v small_a call_v two_o book_n praedestin_n ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la librum_fw-la de_fw-fr praedestin_n because_o one_o work_n a_o book_n so_o sigebert_n say_v and_o not_o one_o book_n in_o his_o three_o section_n this_o monk_n of_o st._n genovefe_n give_v we_o nothing_o but_o a_o taste_n of_o his_o modesty_n in_o tax_v the_o incomparable_a usher_n of_o false_a deal_n and_o tell_v the_o world_n that_o his_o testimony_n be_v of_o no_o credit_n concern_v a_o rasure_n out_o of_o a_o manuscript_n he_o have_v see_v at_o cambridge_n and_o wonder_n he_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o hope_v that_o his_o bare_a word_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o it_o after_o his_o false_a deal_n about_o ratramnus_n his_o book_n of_o christ_n birth_n without_o tell_v how_o the_o passage_n raze_v be_v recover_v in_o the_o last_o section_n he_o offer_v towards_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o induce_v father_n cellot_n to_o conclude_v ratramnus_n corbeiensis_n the_o author_n of_o those_o book_n which_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o bertram_n i_o can_v be_v it_o worth_a while_n show_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o his_o answer_n and_o will_v do_v it_o but_o that_o i_o have_v in_o reserve_v such_o testimony_n from_o f._n mabillon_n as_o will_v baffle_v all_o his_o amuse_a conjecture_n and_o to_o which_o any_o man_n of_o modesty_n will_v submit_v this_o he_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o bertram_n be_v not_o ratramnus_n to_o make_v good_a the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o undertake_n and_o show_v that_o joannes_n scotus_n be_v the_o author_n of_o this_o book_n he_o suggest_v three_o thing_n 1._o that_o this_o book_n be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v of_o scotus_n his_o book_n who_o authority_n berengarius_fw-la use_v 2._o that_o the_o style_n and_o manner_n of_o argue_v be_v scotus_n his_o peculiar_a way_n 3._o that_o the_o disciple_n of_o berengarius_fw-la after_o scotus_n his_o book_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o synod_n at_o vercelli_n and_o rome_n give_v it_o the_o disguise_a name_n of_o bertram_n to_o preserve_v it_o from_o the_o flame_n his_o argument_n from_o the_o account_n give_v of_o scotus_n his_o book_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o f._n mabillon_n and_o all_o i_o shall_v say_v be_v what_o he_o omit_v viz._n that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o scotus_n according_a to_o the_o best_a account_n we_o can_v have_v of_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o bertram_n for_o if_o f._n alexander_n and_o other_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o 31._o in_o quod_fw-la sacramenta_fw-la altaris_fw-la non_fw-la verum_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o verus_fw-la sanguis_fw-la sit_fw-la domini_fw-la sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la memoria_fw-la very_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o sanguinis_fw-la ejus_fw-la de_fw-fr praed_n c._n 31._o hincmarus_n his_o meaning_n he_o teach_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v only_o a_o memory_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n which_o this_o dissertator_n to_o give_v we_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o his_o honesty_n as_o he_o do_v before_o of_o his_o modesty_n change_v into_o a_o naked_a figure_n without_o any_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o express_o contrary_a to_o his_o sentiment_n impute_v to_o bertram_n as_o his_o doctrine_n 2._o the_o style_n of_o bertram_n and_o scotus_n be_v not_o at_o all_o alike_o scotus_n be_v full_a of_o greek_a word_n and_o notion_n and_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o greek_a father_n which_o bertram_n be_v free_a from_o his_o way_n of_o argue_v be_v not_o syllogistical_a as_o bertram_n so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v by_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr naturis_fw-la and_o his_o notion_n xi_o scotus_n de_fw-fr divisione_n naturae_fw-la l._n 5_o n._n xx._n item_n l._n 2._o n._n xi_o that_o christ_n glorify_a body_n be_v absorb_v in_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o be_v not_o local_a nor_o visible_a nor_o have_v the_o same_o member_n after_o its_o resurrection_n which_o it_o have_v before_o will_v quite_o overthrow_v many_o of_o bertram_n argument_n to_o prove_v that_o in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v not_o exhibit_v the_o same_o body_n in_o which_o he_o die_v and_o rise_v again_o his_o three_o suggestion_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n and_o a_o very_a weak_a one_o for_o if_o berengarius_fw-la his_o disciple_n feign_v that_o name_n to_o preserve_v the_o book_n from_o the_o fire_n what_o use_n do_v they_o preserve_v it_o for_o what_o service_n do_v it_o ever_o do_v they_o who_o ever_o mention_n any_o of_o they_o that_o allege_v bertram_n authority_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o no_o copy_n of_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n where_o the_o albigenses_n and_o waldenses_n berengarius_fw-la disciple_n have_v abound_v in_o all_o time_n ever_o since_o it_o be_v much_o they_o shall_v not_o save_v one_o copy_n of_o bertram_n but_o since_o he_o be_v conjecture_v why_o may_v not_o i_o offer_v a_o conjecture_n or_o two_o in_o this_o matter_n 1._o why_o may_v not_o bertram_n book_n through_o mistake_n both_o with_o berengarius_fw-la and_o his_o adversary_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o scotus_n it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o i_o
insist_v not_o upon_o it_o 2._o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o when_o the_o synod_n of_o vercellis_n and_o rome_n condemn_v scotus_n his_o book_n to_o the_o flame_n those_o who_o have_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o decree_n especial_o in_o normandy_n and_o england_n lanfranc_n province_n may_v burn_v bertram_n for_o company_n and_o occasion_n the_o present_a scarcity_n of_o manuscript_n but_o to_o silence_v all_o these_o pretence_n and_o show_v that_o bertram_n book_n be_v no_o forgery_n not_o corrupt_v by_o heretical_a mixture_n nor_o yet_o write_v by_o scotus_n but_o ratramnus_n monk_n of_o corbey_n i_o shall_v close_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o iningenuous_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o honest_a f._n mabillon_n who_o say_v 83._o act._n ben._n sec._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n p._n 45._o n._n 83._o travel_v in_o the_o netherlands_o i_o go_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o lobez_n where_o among_o the_o few_o manuscript_n now_o remain_v i_o find_v two_o one_o book_n write_v 800_o year_n since_o contain_v two_o piece_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o the_o other_o of_o predestination_n the_o former_a one_o book_n the_o latter_a two_o the_o inscription_n and_o beginning_n of_o both_o be_v thus_o in_o the_o manuscript_n thus_o begin_v the_o book_n of_o ratrà nvs_n scotus_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o jo._n scotus_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o the_o lord_n you_o command_v i_o glorious_a prince_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n thus_o begin_v the_o book_n of_o ratramnus_n concern_v god_n predestination_n to_o his_o glorious_a lord_n and_o most_o excellent_a king_n charles_n ratramnus_n etc._n etc._n as_o in_o the_o print_a book_n the_o other_o book_n be_v a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o library_n of_o lobez_n with_o this_o title_n a._n d._n 1049._o the_o friar_n of_o lobez_n take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o library_n find_v in_o it_o these_o book_n ratramnus_n of_o the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood_n one_o book_n the_o same_o author_n of_o god_n predestination_n two_o book_n which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o book_n which_o contain_v these_o piece_n of_o ratramnus_n be_v the_o very_a same_o set_v down_o in_o the_o catalogue_n a._n d._n 1049._o and_o write_v before_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o hand_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v a_o little_a before_o the_o ix_o century_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v the_o very_a book_n which_o herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobez_n use_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o x_o century_n this_o be_v full_a proof_n that_o ratramnus_n be_v the_o author_n and_o that_o the_o book_n be_v no_o modern_a forgery_n be_v 800_o year_n old_a well_o but_o have_v it_o not_o be_v corrupt_v and_o interpolate_v by_o heretic_n let_v f._n mabillon_n answer_v again_o touch_v the_o sincerity_n of_o the_o edition_n of_o this_o book_n i_o compare_v say_v he_o the_o lobez_n manuscript_n with_o the_o print_a book_n 130._o ibid._n p._n 64._o nu_fw-la 130._o and_o the_o read_n be_v true_a except_o in_o some_o faulty_a place_n which_o i_o correct_v by_o the_o excellent_a lobez_n manuscript_n there_o be_v it_o be_v that_o word_n be_v &_o existit_fw-la p._n which_o i_o have_v insert_v into_o the_o text_n upon_o f._n mabillon_n authority_n let_v the_o papist_n make_v their_o best_a of_o it_o one_o word_n of_o some_o moment_n omit_v which_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o say_v be_v fraudulent_o leave_v out_o by_o the_o heretic_n the_o first_o publisher_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o appear_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o unfaithfulness_n in_o other_o place_n thus_o do_v this_o learned_a and_o ingenuous_a benedictine_n testify_v that_o the_o book_n we_o now_o publish_v be_v a_o genuine_a piece_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n that_o ratramnus_n monk_n of_o corbey_n be_v the_o true_a author_n and_o that_o his_o work_n be_v come_v to_o our_o hand_n sincere_a and_o without_o heretical_a mixture_n either_o of_o berengarius_fw-la or_o wiclef_n disciple_n magnum_fw-la disciple_n mabil_n iter_fw-la germanicum_n praefixum_fw-la analect_n tom._n iv_o incipit_fw-la libre_fw-la ratramni_fw-la de_fw-fr perceptione_n corporis_fw-la &_o sanguinis_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la carolum_fw-la magnum_fw-la beside_o the_o lobez_n ms._n the_o same_o father_n in_o his_o german_a voyage_n meet_v with_o another_o in_o the_o monastery_n of_o salem_n weiler_n which_o he_o judge_v by_o the_o hand_n to_o be_v 700_o year_n old_a this_o give_v the_o title_n in_o the_o end_n as_o the_o lobez_n ms._n but_o in_o the_o beginning_n style_v it_o the_o book_n of_o ratramne_n of_o receive_v the_o lord_n body_n and_o blood._n to_o charles_n the_o great_a chap._n iu._n of_o the_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o author_n in_o some_o controvert_v expression_n before_o we_o can_v comprehend_v the_o sentiment_n of_o ratramnus_n in_o the_o controversy_n depend_v between_o we_o and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n touch_v christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o settle_v and_o clear_v his_o true_a meaning_n in_o some_o term_n which_o frequent_o occur_v in_o this_o tract_n because_o our_o adversaris_fw-la by_o abuse_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o they_o and_o expound_v they_o according_a to_o the_o prejudices_fw-la wherewith_o education_n have_v possess_v they_o seem_v to_o think_v bertram_z their_o own_o and_o charge_v we_o with_o impudence_n and_o folly_n in_o pretend_v to_o his_o authority_n those_o term_n which_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v the_o principal_a key_n of_o the_o whole_a discourse_n and_o well_o understand_v will_v open_v our_o author_n mind_n therein_o that_o 50._o that_o quod_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la ore_fw-la fidelium_fw-la sumitur_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la christi_fw-la qu._n 1._o 1._o 5._o quod_fw-la ore_fw-la fidelium_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la mysterium_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la quotidie_fw-la sumitur_fw-la q._n 2._o sect_n 50._o which_o the_o mouth_n receive_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o both_o question_n not_o what_o the_o faithful_a receive_v any_o way_n but_o what_o their_o tooth_n press_v their_o throat_n swallow_v and_o their_o belly_n receive_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n and_o whether_o his_o natural_a body_n or_o not_o in_o the_o first_o question_n there_o be_v two_o opposite_a term_n 16._o term_n see_v they_o explain_v by_o bertram_n himself_o sect_n 7_o 8._o and_o he_o determine_v the_o sacramental_a change_n to_o be_v figurative_o wrought_v not_o corporal_o sect_n 9_o 16._o and_o support_v himself_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o st._n augustine_n de_fw-fr doctr._n christ_n l._n 3._o c._n 16._o figure_n and_o truth_n figure_n figure_n the_o word_n figure_n when_o apply_v to_o term_n or_o proposition_n be_v take_v in_o a_o rhetorical_a sense_n and_o imply_v those_o expression_n not_o to_o be_v proper_a but_o either_o metaphor_n or_o metonymy_n etc._n etc._n as_o when_o christ_n be_v call_v a_o vine_n when_o apply_v to_o thing_n as_o the_o consecrate_a element_n figure_n and_o mystery_n be_v of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o imply_v the_o thing_n speak_v of_o to_o be_v a_o sign_n or_o representation_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n truth_n verity_n or_o truth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a verity_n or_o truth_n in_o this_o tract_n when_o apply_v to_o term_n or_o proposition_n signify_v propriety_n of_o speech_n but_o when_o apply_v to_o thing_n it_o import_v precede_v import_v in_o proprietate_fw-la substantialiter_fw-la in_fw-la manifestationis_fw-la luce_n in_o veritatis_fw-la simplicitate_fw-la in_o this_o tract_n be_v equivalent_a to_o natural_o and_o in_o verity_n of_o nature_n this_o the_o saxon_a homily_n very_o well_o clear_v and_o as_o superficie_fw-la tenus_fw-la considerata_fw-la answer_v to_o in_o proprietate_fw-la a_o little_a before_o in_o bertram_n sect_n 19_o so_o in_o the_o saxon_a homily_n superficie_fw-la tenus_fw-la considerata_fw-la be_v render_v after_o bodily_a understanding_n which_o answer_v to_o true_a nature_n immediate_o precede_v truth_n of_o nature_n so_o then_o ratramnus_n determine_v the_o first_o question_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v proper_o but_o figurative_o and_o that_o the_o consecrate_a element_n oral_o receive_v by_o the_o faithful_a be_v not_o the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n but_o the_o figure_n or_o sacrament_n of_o it_o though_o not_o mere_a empty_a figure_n or_o naked_a sign_n void_a of_o all_o efficacy_n but_o such_o as_o through_o the_o blessing_n annex_v to_o our_o saviour_n institution_n and_o the_o powerful_a operation_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n work_v in_o and_o by_o those_o sacred_a figure_n be_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n beside_o this_o verity_n another_o sense_n of_o verity_n verity_n or_o truth_n have_v yet_o another_o sense_n as_o it_o stand_v oppose_v to_o a_o lie_n or_o falshood_n for_o a_o proposition_n
be_v the_o same_o body_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n suffer_v on_o the_o cross_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o grave_a as_o paschasius_fw-la do_v and_o the_o other_o put_v the_o proposition_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o question_n and_o determine_v it_o in_o the_o negative_a as_o question_n as_o through_o the_o whole_a discussion_n of_o the_o second_o question_n bertram_n have_v do_v i_o conceive_v there_o need_v no_o witness_n to_o make_v any_o man_n who_o be_v not_o sink_v quite_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n into_o scepticism_n believe_v that_o this_o latter_a oppose_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o former_a but_o second_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o no_o body_n have_v mention_v he_o as_o a_o adversary_n to_o paschasius_fw-la he_o acknowledge_v that_o f._n cellot_v anonymous_n author_n have_v express_o affirm_v it_o and_o though_o he_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o invalidate_v his_o credit_n by_o say_v of_o he_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n do_v of_o m._n imbert_n scavoir_fw-fr imbert_n see_v the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n his_o letter_n in_o the_o vindication_n of_o his_o exposition_n p._n 116._o vn_fw-fr homme_fw-fr sans_fw-fr nom_fw-fr comme_fw-fr sans_fw-fr scavoir_fw-fr he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o neither_o repute_n nor_o learning_n that_o he_o be_v a_o author_n of_o little_a sense_n or_o merit_n who_o name_n or_o age_n can_v be_v discover_v this_o will_v not_o serve_v his_o turn_n for_o the_o credibility_n of_o a_o witness_n depend_v more_o upon_o a_o man_n honesty_n and_o the_o mean_n he_o have_v of_o true_o inform_v himself_o touch_v the_o matter_n he_o atte_v than_o on_o his_o renown_n or_o deep_a learning_n a_o ordinary_a parish_n priest_n may_v be_v as_o credible_a a_o witness_n of_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n within_o his_o knowledge_n as_o the_o bishop_n of_o meaux_n or_o the_o dean_n of_o the_o metropolitical_a church_n of_o sens._n we_o be_v in_o a_o miserable_a case_n if_o none_o under_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o dean_n can_v tell_v truth_n or_o if_o we_o be_v to_o know_v no_o more_o than_o some_o sorbon_n doctor_n be_v content_a to_o let_v we_o but_o what_o if_o mr._n boileau_n be_v mistake_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o all_o mankind_n he_o have_v little_a sense_n or_o reason_n and_o that_o his_o age_n be_v unknown_a what_o if_o his_o time_n and_o name_n be_v well_o know_v and_o he_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o author_n of_o some_o figure_n and_o note_n for_o learning_n f._n celeberrimus_fw-la f._n acta_fw-la ben._n s._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 48._o proinde_fw-la auctorem_fw-la herigerum_fw-la abbatem_fw-la laubiensem_fw-la affirmare_fw-la non_fw-la vereor_fw-la de_fw-fr herigero_fw-la autem_fw-la girardus_n in_fw-la vita_fw-la adalbardi_n corbeiensis_fw-la apud_fw-la mabillon_n ibidem_fw-la n._n 48._o abbas_n laubiensis_fw-la herigerus_fw-la qui_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la inter_fw-la sapientes_fw-la habebatur_fw-la celeberrimus_fw-la mabillon_n think_v he_o know_v both_o his_o name_n and_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o mean_a a_o person_n than_o herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobe_n who_o live_v about_o 120_o year_n after_o ratram_n but_o if_o the_o discovery_n have_v never_o be_v make_v it_o be_v a_o slender_a argument_n that_o he_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o publishing_n because_o sirmondus_n and_o archbishop_n usher_n can_v have_v publish_v he_o but_o do_v not_o how_o many_o other_o author_n which_o they_o can_v have_v publish_v but_o do_v not_o must_v be_v judge_v worthless_a scribbler_n if_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n let_v m._n boileau_n despise_v he_o as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v he_o be_v a_o far_o better_a witness_n that_o ratram_n write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la than_o any_o he_o can_v produce_v to_o inform_v we_o who_o those_o divine_n be_v in_o the_o nine_o century_n that_o hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o abbaudus_n and_o prior_n gaultier_n the_o imaginary_a adversary_n which_o he_o make_v he_o to_o encounter_v he_o can_v neither_o show_v the_o book_n of_o that_o time_n wherein_o those_o opinion_n be_v teach_v nor_o yet_o prove_v by_o any_o author_n that_o they_o be_v then_o hold_v by_o any_o body_n that_o 4._o that_o preface_n p._n 4._o neither_o sigebertus_n gemblacensis_fw-la nor_o trithemius_n who_o both_o mention_n this_o tract_n say_v any_o thing_n of_o its_o be_v write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la be_v no_o convince_a proof_n that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o those_o author_n ordinary_o give_v we_o no_o further_o account_v of_o book_n than_o the_o bare_a title_n afford_v and_o they_o omit_v many_o unquestionable_a work_n of_o those_o writer_n who_o they_o mention_v f._n mabillon_n 150._o mabillon_n acta_fw-la ben._n s._n iu._n p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 149._o 150._o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o two_o book_n de_fw-fr partu_fw-la virgin_n be_v write_v by_o paschasius_fw-la against_o ratram_n book_n on_o that_o subject_a yet_o neither_o sigebert_n or_o trithemius_n say_v one_o word_n of_o that_o dispute_n nor_o can_v m._n boileau_n produce_v any_o one_o writer_n from_o those_o time_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o century_n who_o so_o much_o as_o mention_n it_o neither_o the_o pope_n nor_o those_o council_n which_o they_o assemble_v against_o berengarius_fw-la at_o rome_n and_o verceli_n doubt_v but_o joannes_n scotus_n write_v against_o paschasius_fw-la and_o yet_o neither_o 95._o neither_o no_o very_o accurate_a writer_n who_o make_v two_o author_n of_o joannes_n scotus_n and_o joannes_n erigena_n as_o mr._n sclater_n or_o his_o printer_n do_v p._n 76._o trithem_n de_fw-fr script_n eccles_n fol._n 63._o &_o 65._o quarto_fw-la paris_n 1512._o sigeb_n cap._n 65._o &_o cap._n 95._o trithemius_n nor_o sigebert_n 1113._o sigebert_n he_o write_v in_o defence_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv_o against_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o &_o paschal_n ii_o and_o die_v a._n d._n 1113._o who_o live_v and_o be_v a_o writer_n in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o berengarius_fw-la say_v one_o syllable_n of_o it_o as_o for_o bishop_n fisher_n he_o do_v not_o as_o m._n boileau_n pretend_v cite_v pretend_v preface_n p._n 4._o qui_fw-fr le_fw-fr cite_v cite_v bertram_n he_o only_o mention_n his_o name_n among_o other_o catholic_n writer_n on_o that_o subject_a his_o second_o argument_n conclude_v as_o little_a as_o the_o first_o for_o we_o pretend_v not_o that_o this_o tract_n be_v write_v against_o the_o book_n of_o paschasius_fw-la but_o only_o against_o his_o sentiment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o prince_n who_o propound_v those_o two_o question_n that_o he_o meddle_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o if_o he_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 850._o whilst_o paschasius_fw-la be_v abbot_n of_o corbey_n there_o be_v another_o obvious_a reason_n for_o his_o silence_n in_o that_o point_n but_o though_o we_o confess_v that_o this_o tract_n confute_v not_o the_o book_n of_o paschasius_fw-la yet_o we_o think_v it_o too_o bold_o say_v 21._o say_v preface_n p._n 21._o that_o it_o make_v as_o little_a mention_n of_o the_o real_a presence_n and_o transubstantiation_n as_o it_o do_v of_o stercoranism_n unless_o his_o meaning_n be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o mention_v in_o those_o proper_a term_n which_o be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n he_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o well_o assure_v that_o veritas_fw-la in_o bertram_n do_v not_o signify_v verity_n of_o nature_n but_o such_o a_o verity_n as_o be_v discern_v by_o our_o bodily_a sense_n otherwise_o he_o must_v retract_v this_o confident_a assertion_n and_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o believe_v some_o other_o great_a doctor_n etc._n doctor_n espenceus_n genebrard_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o sorbon_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o both_o mention_n and_o deny_v they_o but_o whether_o he_o do_v or_o not_o as_o also_o whether_o he_o use_v term_n proper_a to_o establish_v transubstantiation_n i_o shall_v have_v a_o fit_a occasion_n hereafter_o of_o discourse_v with_o our_o author_n and_o shall_v therefore_o proceed_v to_o consider_v what_o he_o can_v fair_o collect_v from_o the_o favourable_a opinion_n which_o some_o learned_a doctor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v have_v of_o this_o piece_n the_o louvain_n doctor_n think_v he_o need_v a_o comment_n to_o give_v he_o a_o tolerable_a sense_n and_o though_o write_v invisible_o for_o visible_o be_v but_o the_o correction_n of_o a_o typographical_a error_n yet_o the_o exposition_n of_o external_a species_n or_o accident_n of_o the_o creature_n where_o the_o author_n say_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o the_o other_o that_o follow_v be_v a_o gloss_n that_o mar_v the_o text_n at_o least_o when_o 7._o when_o index_n exp._n philippi_n ii_o regis_n catholici_fw-la jussu_fw-la ant._n 1571._o p._n 7._o the_o expositor_n themselves_o confess_v that_o bertram_n know_v not_o that_o the_o accident_n do_v subsist_v without_o their_o subject_n and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v all_o they_o can_v by_o way_n of_o exposition_n they_o think_v it_o necessary_a etc._n
bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n in_o which_o our_o lord_n suffer_v on_o the_o cross_n and_o rise_v from_o the_o grave_a be_v the_o same_o body_n which_o be_v receive_v from_o off_o the_o altar_n against_o which_o error_n etc._n etc._n i_o hence_o observe_v 1._o that_o the_o opinion_n censure_v by_o he_o be_v the_o express_a doctrine_n of_o paschase_n and_o the_o roman_a church_n at_o this_o day_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o colour_n for_o m._n boileau_n to_o say_v that_o he_o censure_v man_n who_o hold_v the_o accident_n to_o be_v christ_n body_n for_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o body_n receive_v from_o the_o altar_n which_o he_o will_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v somewhat_o beside_o the_o sensible_a figure_n and_o accident_n of_o the_o consecrate_a element_n 2._o he_o censure_v this_o opinion_n as_o a_o falsehood_n and_o error_n against_o which_o he_o have_v purposely_o write_v 3._o he_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o late_a opinion_n so_o that_o it_o have_v not_o antiquity_n to_o plead_v 4._o he_o represent_v it_o as_o no_o universal_a opinion_n but_o as_o the_o sentiment_n of_o some_o few_o erronei_fw-la few_o 1._o quidam_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la ubique_fw-la 2._o nuper_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la 3_o non_fw-fr rite_n sentientes_fw-la ergo_fw-la erronei_fw-la so_o that_o in_o short_a the_o doctrine_n which_o be_v make_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o eleven_o century_n be_v in_o the_o nine_o century_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o probable_a opinion_n but_o reject_v by_o rabanus_n as_o a_o false_a novel_a and_o private_a opinion_n and_o by_o no_o mean_n the_o ancient_n catholic_n and_o true_a belief_n of_o christ_n church_n if_o mr._n boileau_n can_v produce_v any_o piece_n of_o the_o nine_o century_n wherein_o the_o proposition_n censure_v by_o rabanus_n and_o ratram_n be_v expound_v as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o or_o that_o contradict_v cellot_n anonymus_fw-la we_o will_v ready_o yield_v the_o point_n in_o dispute_n but_o that_o without_o any_o proof_n nay_o against_o so_o notorious_a evidence_n and_o so_o express_v a_o testimony_n he_o shall_v hope_v to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o his_o own_o chimera_n touch_v the_o design_n and_o adversary_n of_o bertram_n in_o this_o book_n argue_v a_o degree_n of_o confidence_n unbecoming_a a_o divine_a of_o his_o character_n f._n mabillon_n fussse_n mabillon_n a._n b._n s._n 4._o p._n 2._o praef._n n._n 56._o rabanum_n ratramnum_fw-la anonymum_fw-la herigerum_fw-la aliosque_fw-la siqui_fw-la sint_fw-la paschasii_fw-la adversarios_fw-la in_o real_a christi_fw-la corporis_fw-la in_o sacramento_n praesentia_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la convenisse_fw-la &_o contentionem_fw-la hanc_fw-la in_o vocum_fw-la pugna_fw-la sitam_fw-la fussse_n have_v more_o ingenuity_n and_o discretion_n than_o to_o attempt_v it_o and_o frank_o confess_v that_o both_o these_o writer_n do_v dispute_v against_o paschase_n though_o to_o salve_v all_o again_o he_o pretend_v that_o they_o believe_v the_o real_a presence_n as_o much_o as_o he_o do_v that_o they_o differ_v only_o in_o word_n not_o in_o doctrine_n so_o that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o verbal_a than_o a_o real_a controversy_n but_o by_o this_o learned_a father_n leave_n the_o difference_n appear_v much_o more_o weighty_a paschase_n and_o his_o adversary_n be_v at_o as_o wide_a a_o distance_n as_o protestant_n and_o papist_n and_o of_o this_o the_o reader_n will_v be_v satisfy_v upon_o perusal_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o my_o dissertation_n wherein_o i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o doctrine_n of_o paschase_n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n together_o with_o ratram_n contrary_a doctrine_n and_o have_v from_o the_o author_n himself_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o have_v use_v those_o term_n which_o seem_v proper_a to_o establish_v transubstantiation_n but_o real_o overthrow_v it_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o new_a and_o bold_a figure_n which_o m._n boileau_n have_v be_v force_v to_o invent_v hitherto_o i_o have_v be_v detect_v the_o weakness_n of_o those_o argument_n which_o this_o doctor_n make_v use_v of_o to_o prove_v his_o paradox_n that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o ratram_n be_v conformable_a to_o that_o of_o paschase_n and_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o shall_v now_o offer_v some_o few_o reason_n that_o convince_v i_o of_o the_o contrary_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o just_a and_o strong_a presumption_n of_o this_o author_n be_v against_o they_o that_o for_o above_o 120_o year_n together_o after_o his_o first_o appearance_n in_o print_n their_o most_o eminent_a doctor_n have_v with_o one_o consent_n yield_v the_o point_n i_o will_v not_o except_v his_o louvain_n friend_n who_o expedient_a to_o make_v he_o orthodox_n be_v with_o good_a reason_n by_o m._n alix_n declare_v impracticable_a since_o the_o appearance_n of_o manuscript_n for_o they_o justify_v those_o passage_n to_o be_v genuine_a which_o the_o louvain_n divine_n will_v have_v expunge_v as_o spurious_a mixture_n if_o bertram_n be_v so_o full_a and_o considerable_a a_o witness_n of_o the_o perpetuity_n of_o their_o faith_n touch_v the_o presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o their_o supreme_a judge_n of_o controversy_n have_v treat_v he_o as_o a_o knight_n of_o the_o post_n the_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o former_a day_n be_v not_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o expound_v which_o be_v now_o practise_v with_o so_o much_o applause_n but_o have_v show_v themselves_o much_o great_a master_n in_o it_o than_o m._n boileau_n and_o have_v use_v it_o with_o great_a dexterity_n for_o evade_n the_o testimony_n produce_v out_o of_o other_o father_n by_o our_o divine_n against_o transubstantiation_n nor_o can_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v breed_v under_o the_o strong_a prepossession_n and_o prejudices_fw-la for_o the_o real_a presence_n and_o consequent_o as_o well_o dispose_v to_o understand_v all_o the_o obscure_a and_o harsh_a passage_n of_o this_o book_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o their_o own_o church_n if_o the_o word_n can_v possible_o have_v bear_v it_o if_o it_o be_v now_o so_o plain_a as_o 25._o as_o nous_fw-fr avons_fw-fr son_fw-fr liure_fw-fr il_fw-fr ne_fw-fr faut_fw-fr que_fw-fr le_fw-fr lire_fw-fr pref._n p._n 24._o 25._o m._n dean_n of_o sens_n will_v have_v it_o think_v that_o bertram_n write_v neither_o against_o the_o stercoranist_n nor_o the_o real_a presence_n if_o the_o very_a read_n of_o the_o book_n be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v a_o man_n thereof_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o pope_n and_o cardinal_n with_o other_o eminent_a prelate_n and_o doctor_n have_v conspire_v in_o the_o condemnation_n of_o so_o useful_a and_o orthodox_n a_o work_n to_o pass_v a_o 5._o a_o pref._n p._n 5._o sentence_n quite_o contrary_a to_o its_o merit_n and_o such_o as_o no_o man_n who_o have_v well_o examine_v it_o can_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v do_v they_o condemn_v it_o without_o examination_n then_o god_n preserve_v we_o from_o such_o judge_n do_v they_o not_o understand_v the_o book_n or_o do_v they_o want_v skill_n to_o try_v it_o by_o the_o roman_a standard_n for_o my_o part_n i_o can_v think_v so_o mean_o of_o the_o trent_n father_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o censure_v book_n and_o who_o compose_v the_o index_n what_o pity_n be_v it_o that_o no_o artist_n of_o that_o time_n can_v furnish_v those_o father_n with_o a_o pair_n of_o m._n boileau_n spectacle_n f._n mabillon_n continere_fw-la mabillon_n a._n b._n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la n_o 126._o at_o cum_fw-la haec_fw-la classis_fw-la contineat_fw-la libros_fw-la qui_fw-la propter_fw-la doctrinam_fw-la quam_fw-la continent_n non_fw-la sanam_fw-la aut_fw-la suspectam_fw-la rejiciuntur_fw-la nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o ratramni_fw-la fidem_fw-la inferri_fw-la potest_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la ob_fw-la duriores_fw-la quasdam_fw-la &_o obscuriores_fw-la sententias_fw-la suspectam_fw-la doctrinam_fw-la visus_fw-la est_fw-la continere_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o bertram_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o index_n which_o consist_v of_o condemn_a author_n but_o in_o the_o second_o class_n in_o which_o the_o work_n of_o catholic_n writer_n contain_v false_a or_o suspect_a doctrine_n be_v prohibit_v so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v hence_o conclude_v against_o the_o soundness_n of_o his_o doctrine_n but_o only_o that_o some_o harsh_a and_o obscure_a sentence_n render_v it_o suspect_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v 1._o that_o nothing_o appear_v in_o the_o censure_n by_o which_o we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o book_n be_v prohibit_v only_o for_o suspect_v doctrine_n and_o not_o for_o unsound_a doctrine_n which_o be_v also_o assign_v as_o the_o reason_n why_o some_o book_n of_o catholic_n divine_n be_v reject_v 2._o if_o the_o censor_n of_o book_n have_v only_o reject_v bertram_n for_o the_o obscurity_n of_o his_o expression_n or_o suspicious_a doctrine_n and_o not_o for_o false_a and_o unsound_a doctrine_n why_o may_v they_o not_o have_v allow_v he_o as_o they_o have_v do_v other_o in_o the_o same_o class_n the_o favour_n
of_o the_o nine_o century_n the_o age_n immediate_o before_o he_o and_o of_o the_o true_a importance_n of_o the_o controvert_v term_n and_o phrase_n of_o this_o book_n from_o aelfric_n than_o from_o mr._n boileau_n or_o any_o interest_v writer_n of_o these_o time_n how_o large_a a_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a homily_n for_o easter_n day_n be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o piece_n 3._o piece_n dissert_n ch_n 3._o i_o have_v show_v before_o and_o as_o mr._n wheelock_n recitandus_fw-la wheelock_n in_o notis_fw-la ad_fw-la bedae_fw-la l._n v._o c._n 22._o p._n 462._o libre_fw-la catholicorum_n sermonum_fw-la anglice_fw-la in_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la recitandus_fw-la well_o observe_v from_o the_o general_a title_n of_o the_o manuscript_n from_o which_o he_o have_v print_v it_o this_o sermon_n must_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o a_o single_a doctor_n but_o the_o public_a doctrine_n of_o the_o english_a church_n in_o that_o age._n now_o bertram_n expression_n be_v so_o translate_v into_o the_o saxon_a as_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o that_o paraphrase_n which_o mr._n dean_n of_o sens_n have_v give_v we_o this_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v appear_v from_o sundry_a passage_n of_o the_o homily_n which_o now_o and_o then_o upon_o occasion_n i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o translate_v for_o myself_o where_o the_o version_n print_v with_o the_o text_n be_v too_o literal_a and_o therefore_o somewhat_o obscure_a 1._o here_o be_v acknowledge_v what_o some_o of_o our_o adversary_n be_v loath_a to_o own_o though_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o deny_v it_o that_o there_o be_v controversy_n about_o the_o presence_n of_o christ_n body_n in_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n in_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o century_n smeadon_v century_n nurse_n smeadon_v ge_fw-mi hÆ¿ilc_a man_n oft_o and_o get_v gelome_o smeagaþ_n nonnulli_fw-la saepe_fw-la disputaâ—unt_fw-la &_o etiamnum_fw-la frequenter_a disputant_n male_n in_o praesenti_fw-la disputat_fw-la per_fw-la c_o l._n wheelock_n redditur_fw-la smeadon_v man_n oft_o have_v dispute_v and_o still_o do_v frequent_o dispute_v etc._n etc._n and_o the_o question_n be_v not_o as_o m._n boileau_n bear_v we_o in_o hand_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o figure_n in_o the_o sacrament_n but_o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o consecration_n by_o what_o sort_n of_o change_n it_o make_v bread_n and_o wine_n become_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n whether_o by_o a_o physical_a or_o a_o mystical_a change_n and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n be_v call_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n that_o be_v in_o a_o literal_a or_o figurative_a sense_n the_o word_n be_v these_o how_o bread_n make_v of_o corn_n and_o bake_v with_o fire_n can_v be_v turn_v into_o christ_n body_n and_o how_o wine_n be_v by_o consecration_n turn_v into_o christ_n blood_n that_o ratram_n first_o question_n and_o that_o here_o discuss_v by_o our_o homilist_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v apparent_a from_o the_o answer_v give_v by_o both_o author_n and_o the_o instance_n whereby_o they_o explain_v the_o term_n figure_n and_o truth_n and_o as_o in_o the_o saxon_a the_o emphasis_n lie_v unquestionable_o on_o the_o word_n 30._o word_n hu_o se_fw-mi hlaf_fw-mi mage_fw-mi be_v on_o aÆ¿end_n to_o cristes_fw-fr lichaman_fw-mi oððe_a ê§_n Æ¿in_v þeor_n þe_a aÆ¿end_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 30._o turn_v so_o doubtless_o in_o ratram_n the_o word_n fiat_n be_v of_o the_o like_a force_n and_o import_v the_o question_n to_o be_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o change_n the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v make_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n whether_o it_o be_v by_o a_o substantial_a or_o only_o by_o a_o sacramental_a change_n 2._o as_o ratram_n to_o clear_v his_o discourse_n give_v we_o such_o definition_n of_o a_o figure_n and_o truth_n as_o best_a agree_v to_o figurative_a and_o true_a that_o be_v proper_a form_n of_o speech_n so_o aelfric_n premise_v 30._o premise_v ðurh_fw-mi getacnunge_n ðurh_fw-mi geÆ¿issum_fw-la ðinge_n fol._n 30._o a_o distinction_n of_o thing_n attribute_v to_o christ_n some_o figurative_o and_o some_o true_o and_o proper_o and_o to_o express_v the_o latter_a he_o use_v a_o word_n which_o answer_v to_o manifestatio_fw-la and_o res_fw-la manifesta_fw-la in_o ratram_n and_o full_o express_v its_o sense_n in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o question_n and_o the_o term_n abovementioned_a the_o saxon_a word_n saxon_a ðurh_fw-mi geÆ¿issum_fw-la ðinge_fw-la geÆ¿is_fw-la certus_n planus_fw-la manifestus_fw-la somneri_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o opposition_n of_o this_o term_n to_o getacnunge_n direct_v we_o in_o this_o place_n which_o acceptation_n to_o choose_v as_o bread_n lamb_n lion_n &c_n &c_n be_v affirm_v of_o christ_n in_o a_o improper_a or_o figurative_a sense_n so_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n crucify_a and_o rise_v again_o be_v affirm_v of_o he_o in_o the_o plain_a manifest_a and_o proper_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n word_n signify_v certain_a plain_a or_o manifest_v and_o be_v oppose_v to_o figurative_a and_o therefore_o can_v import_v the_o sensible_a evidence_n of_o thing_n as_o mr._n boileau_n pretend_v but_o the_o plain_a manifest_a and_o natural_a signification_n of_o word_n the_o instance_n both_o in_o the_o homily_n and_o bertram_n be_v a_o undeniable_a proof_n hereof_o and_o withal_o give_v we_o light_n into_o their_o sense_n of_o our_o saviour_n word_n this_o be_v my_o body_n which_o they_o understand_v not_o literal_o but_o figurative_o which_o be_v what_o aelfric_n himself_o mean_v by_o not_o corporal_o but_o spiritual_o and_o no_o doubt_n in_o that_o sense_n he_o understand_v bertram_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o mistake_v be_v evident_a from_o numb_a 74._o where_o the_o word_n corporal_o and_o spiritual_o can_v be_v no_o other_o sense_n paul._n sense_n sicut_fw-la non_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la sed_fw-la spiritualiter_fw-la panis_n ille_fw-la credentium_fw-la corpus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la sic_fw-la quoque_fw-la christi_fw-la corpus_fw-la non_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la sed_fw-la spiritualiter_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la intelligatur_fw-la n._n 74._o aelfric_n say_v fol._n 23._o that_o christian_n must_v not_o keep_v the_o old_a law_n lichamlice_n corporal_o i._n e._n literal_o but_o learn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o it_o spiritual_o signify_v that_o be_v of_o what_o christian_a duty_n it_o be_v the_o figure_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o letter_n and_o spirit_n and_o the_o flesh_n and_o spirit_n be_v oppose_v each_o to_o other_o by_o saint_n paul._n as_o the_o bread_n be_v not_o corporal_o but_o spiritual_o that_o be_v not_o literal_o and_o proper_o but_o figurative_o say_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a so_o be_v there_o a_o necessity_n of_o understand_v it_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n not_o corporal_o say_v to_o be_v etc._n etc._n not_o corporal_o understand_v etc._n etc._n can_v signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o not_o literal_o and_o proper_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n or_o of_o the_o faithful_a in_o this_o sense_n the_o word_n corporal_o be_v take_v when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o term_n and_o proposition_n but_o when_o apply_v to_o thing_n as_o the_o baptismal_a water_n the_o consecrate_a element_n in_o the_o eucharist_n or_o the_o type_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n it_o signify_v the_o natural_a substance_n by_o positive_a institution_n make_v a_o figure_n in_o opposition_n to_o its_o sacramental_a signification_n and_o virtue_n and_o our_o homilist_n call_v the_o spiritual_a mystery_n the_o spiritual_a virtue_n or_o spiritual_a understanding_n thereof_o 3._o aelfric_n so_o expound_v ratram_n as_o to_o make_v he_o express_o deny_v that_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v christ_n body_n in_o truth_n of_o nature_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v bread_n and_o wine_n after_o consecration_n when_o the_o objection_n be_v make_v why_o be_v the_o holy_a sacrament_n call_v christ_n body_n and_o blood_n if_o it_o be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v call_v he_o admit_v that_o the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v not_o in_o verity_n of_o nature_n the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n whereas_o if_o aelfric_n have_v be_v a_o transubstantiatour_n he_o will_v have_v deny_v the_o supposition_n and_o with_o m._n boileau_n have_v say_v the_o sensible_a part_n of_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n i._n e._n the_o accident_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v not_o christ_n body_n they_o be_v only_o the_o vail_n and_o figure_n that_o cover_v it_o but_o his_o very_a natural_a body_n and_o blood_n be_v environ_v by_o and_o contain_v real_o under_o those_o vail_n he_o will_v roundly_o have_v answer_v that_o by_o consecration_n the_o substance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n be_v substantial_o convert_v into_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n so_o that_o nothing_o of_o their_o substance_n but_o only_o the_o sensible_a quality_n and_o outward_a figure_n of_o they_o remain_v whereas_o he_o say_v that_o we_o sensible_o discern_v they_o in_o figure_n and_o taste_n to_o be_v bread_n and_o wine_n
its_o glorify_v state._n and_o christ_n have_v no_o other_o real_a body_n but_o his_o glorify_a body_n in_o the_o state_n of_o humiliation_n when_o he_o be_v scourge_v buffet_v and_o crucify_a the_o body_n of_o our_o saviour_n be_v visible_a and_o palpable_a and_o be_v a_o true_a body_n with_o all_o the_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o such_o a_o body_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o m._n boileau_n will_v scarce_o adventure_v to_o say_v that_o our_o saviour_n body_n be_v then_o impassable_a incorruptible_a or_o immortal_a whereas_o if_o the_o word_n veritas_fw-la be_v take_v in_o its_o genuine_a and_o common_a sense_n the_o consequence_n be_v undeniable_a for_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o proposition_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o predicate_v do_v real_o agree_v to_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o the_o subject_a be_v in_o truth_n of_o nature_n what_o it_o be_v affirm_v to_o be_v and_o whatever_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o in_o reality_n that_o be_v either_o false_o or_o improper_o affirm_v of_o it_o i_o hope_v this_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o ratram_n do_v not_o use_v the_o term_n in_o m._n boileau_n sense_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o prove_v but_o for_o the_o further_a manifestation_n of_o his_o extravagance_n in_o impose_v that_o signification_n upon_o it_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o let_v you_o see_v how_o contrary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o word_n verity_n in_o other_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n of_o his_o own_o and_o elder_a time_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o out_o of_o tertullian_n who_o in_o answer_v those_o heretic_n who_o object_v against_o the_o reality_n of_o the_o incarnation_n the_o word_n of_o st._n paul_n rom._n viij_o 3._o god_n send_v his_o son_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o sinful_a flesh_n etc._n etc._n thus_o express_v himself_o 16._o himself_o non_fw-la quod_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la carnis_fw-la acceperit_fw-la quasi_fw-la imaginem_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la veritatem_fw-la sed_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la peccatricis_fw-la carnis_fw-la vult_fw-la intelligi_fw-la etc._n etc._n tertul._n de_fw-fr carne_n christi_fw-la c._n 16._o not_o that_o he_o assume_v the_o likeness_n of_o flesh_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o image_n of_o a_o body_n and_o not_o the_o verity_n i._n e._n a_o real_a body_n again_o answer_v a_o objection_n of_o martion_n who_o say_v that_o if_o the_o image_n of_o god_n the_o soul_n sin_v in_o man_n the_o gild_n will_v affect_v god_n himself_o he_o say_v 9_o say_v porro_fw-la imago_fw-la veritati_fw-la haud_fw-la usque_fw-la quaque_fw-la adaequabitur_fw-la aliud_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la secundum_fw-la veritatem_fw-la esse_fw-la aliud_fw-la ipsam_fw-la veritatem_fw-la esse_fw-la adu._n martion_n l._n 2._o c._n 9_o the_o image_n must_v not_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v make_v equal_a with_o the_o verity_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o truth_n i._n e._n in_o imitation_n of_o it_o and_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v the_o very_a truth_n itself_o again_o he_o prove_v that_o christ_n have_v a_o real_a body_n because_o the_o sacrament_n be_v a_o figure_n of_o it_o for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o figure_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o true_a body_n irenaeus_n do_v not_o only_o use_v the_o word_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o establish_v a_o essential_a difference_n between_o the_o image_n and_o verity_n 40._o verity_n typus_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o imago_fw-la secundum_fw-la materiam_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la substantiam_fw-la aliquory_v a_o veritate_fw-la diversus_fw-la est_fw-la secundum_fw-la autem_fw-la habitum_fw-la &_o lineamentum_fw-la debet_fw-la seruare_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la iren._n adv_o haer._n l._n 2._o c._n 40._o a_o type_n and_o image_n say_v he_o be_v sometime_o in_o matter_n and_o substance_n different_a from_o the_o verity_n or_o truth_n but_o it_o ought_v to_o resemble_v the_o shape_n and_o lineament_n thereof_o they_o differ_v substantial_o st._n cyprian_n also_o use_v the_o term_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n where_o make_v the_o deliverance_n of_o the_o first-born_a in_o egypt_n who_o door-post_n be_v sprinkle_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o paschal_n lamb_n a_o type_n of_o our_o salvation_n by_o the_o cross_n and_o passion_n of_o our_o lord_n he_o say_v oxon._n say_v quod_fw-la ante_fw-la occiso_fw-la agno_fw-la praecedit_fw-la in_o imagine_v impletur_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la secuta_fw-la postmodum_fw-la veritate_fw-la cypr._n ad_fw-la demetrian_n p._n 194._o edit_fw-la oxon._n that_o salvation_n which_o ancient_o in_o the_o slay_v of_o the_o paschal_n lamb_n go_v before_o in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o image_n be_v fulfil_v in_o christ_n the_o truth_n which_o follow_v after_o st._n ambrose_n frequent_o use_v veritas_fw-la for_o the_o reality_n speak_v of_o boar_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o jewish_a servant_n and_o the_o circumcision_n of_o their_o flesh_n etc._n etc._n 13._o etc._n signa_fw-la sunt_fw-la ista_fw-la &_o non_fw-la veritas_fw-la sed_fw-la ille_fw-la intelligit_fw-la qui_fw-la cor_fw-la suum_fw-la spiritali_fw-la circumcisione_n castificat_fw-la etc._n etc._n ambr._n in_o ps_n 118._o oct._n 13._o these_o thing_n be_v sign_n and_o not_o the_o truth_n which_o be_v sanctification_n as_o he_o tell_v immediate_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n the_o word_n verity_n must_v be_v take_v when_o we_o find_v it_o oppose_v to_o sign_n he_o elsewhere_o teach_v speak_v of_o abraham_n circumcision_n 17._o circumcision_n abraham_n signum_fw-la accepit_fw-la circumcisionis_fw-la vtique_fw-la signum_fw-la non_fw-la ipsa_fw-la res_fw-la sed_fw-la ait_fw-la rius_fw-la rei_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la veritas_fw-la sed_fw-la indicium_fw-la veritatis_fw-la de_fw-fr abraham_n l._n 1._o in_o gen._n c._n 17._o the_o apostle_n paul_n say_v that_o abraham_n receive_v the_o sign_n of_o circumcision_n now_o the_o sign_n be_v not_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o the_o representation_n of_o another_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o the_o truth_n but_o a_o indication_n of_o the_o truth_n where_o he_o not_o only_o oppose_v the_o truth_n to_o a_o sign_n but_o also_o expound_v it_o to_o be_v the_o reality_n so_o gaudentius_n bishop_n of_o brescia_n contemporary_a with_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v of_o the_o paschal_n lamb_n as_o a_o type_n of_o christ_n death_n say_v 1610._o say_v figura_fw-la erat_fw-la non_fw-la proprietas_fw-la dominicae_fw-la passionis_fw-la figura_fw-la etenim_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la sed_fw-la imitatio_fw-la veritatis_fw-la gaudent_fw-la brix_n serm._n 2._o in_o exod._n bibl._n patr._n tom._n 2._o edit_fw-la par._n 1610._o it_o be_v a_o figure_n of_o our_o lord_n passion_n and_o not_o the_o propriety_n now_o a_o figure_n be_v not_o the_o truth_n or_o reality_n but_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o truth_n here_o he_o make_v a_o figure_n and_o the_o reality_n to_o be_v inconsistent_a in_o their_o very_a nature_n i_o may_v produce_v several_a passage_n of_o st._n austin_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n but_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o one_o or_o two_o 21._o two_o huius_fw-la sacrificii_fw-la caro_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la ante_fw-la adventum_fw-la christi_fw-la per_fw-la victimas_fw-la similitudinum_fw-la promittebatur_fw-la in_o passione_n christi_fw-la per_fw-la ipsam_fw-la veritatem_fw-la reddebatur_fw-la post_fw-la ascensum_fw-la christi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la memoriae_fw-la celebratur_fw-la august_n contra_fw-la faustum_n manich._n l._n xx_o c._n 21._o have_v cite_v those_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n sacrificium_fw-la laudis_fw-la glorificabit_fw-la i_o etc._n etc._n he_o add_v the_o flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o this_o sacrifice_n be_v promise_v by_o typical_a victim_n before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v give_v in_o very_a truth_n or_o reality_n in_o the_o passion_n of_o christ_n and_o be_v celebrate_v in_o the_o sacrament_n which_o be_v the_o memorial_n thereof_o after_o the_o ascension_n of_o christ_n this_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n not_o only_o as_o it_o give_v we_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n verity_n but_o as_o it_o declare_v the_o holy_a eucharist_n to_o be_v a_o historical_a type_n of_o our_o saviour_n oblation_n on_o the_o cross_n as_o the_o jewish_a sacrifice_n be_v prophetical_a type_n thereof_o but_o neither_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o his_o flesh_n and_o blood_n in_o reality_n the_o other_o place_n be_v cite_v by_o gratian_n who_o decretum_fw-la the_o 5._o the_o sed_fw-la animum_fw-la hic_fw-la advertat_fw-la sanctitas_fw-la tua_fw-la nam_fw-la decretalium_fw-la &_o sexti_fw-la &_o clementinarum_fw-la &_o extravagantium_n tantum_fw-la supra_fw-la meminimus_fw-la ac_fw-la non_fw-la item_n decreti_fw-la quod_fw-la minime_fw-la mirum_fw-la videri_fw-la debet_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la perniciosus_fw-la libre_fw-la &_o authoritatem_fw-la tuam_fw-la valde_fw-la imminuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n council_n quorundam_fw-la episc_n de_fw-fr stabilienda_fw-la romana_fw-la eccles_n fol._n 5._o bishop_n meet_v at_o bononia_n in_o their_o advice_n to_o pope_n julius_n iii_o have_v reason_n upon_o account_n of_o this_o and_o many_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o council_n no_o way_n favourable_a to_o popery_n extant_a in_o that_o collection_n to_o call_v a_o pernicious_a book_n the_o word_n occur_v not_o in_o the_o work_v of_o st._n
in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o be_v the_o essence_n the_o substance_n and_o the_o signification_n to_o which_o they_o stand_v oppose_v this_o i_o shall_v make_v very_o plain_a from_o two_o or_o three_o authority_n of_o st._n austin_n 22._o austin_n quoniam_fw-la signa_fw-la sunt_fw-la rerum_fw-la aliud_fw-la existentia_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la significantia_fw-la aug._n contra_fw-la maximin_n l._n 3._o c._n 22._o speak_v of_o sacrament_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o thing_n which_o sign_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o signify_v another_o there_o existence_n or_o be_v and_o signify_v be_v oppose_v again_o 57_o again_o hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la petra_n erat_fw-la christus_fw-la non_fw-la enim_fw-la dixit_fw-la petra_n significat_fw-la christum_fw-la sed_fw-la tanquam_fw-la hoc_fw-la esset_fw-la quod_fw-la utique_fw-la per_fw-la substantiam_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la erat_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la significationem_fw-la aug._n quaest_n super_fw-la levit._fw-la 57_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o rock_n be_v christ_n he_o do_v not_o say_v it_o signify_v christ_n as_o though_o it_o have_v be_v what_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o in_o substance_n but_o in_o signification_n what_o ratram_n call_v species_n st._n augustin_n call_v substance_n and_o if_o any_o doubt_v it_o i_o hope_v to_o satisfy_v he_o by_o a_o three_o authority_n where_o affirm_v that_o the_o father_n and_o we_o have_v the_o same_o spiritual_a meat_n and_o drink_n he_o explain_v himself_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o call_v it_o the_o same_o joan._n same_o idem_fw-la itaque_fw-la in_o mysterio_fw-la cibus_fw-la &_o potus_fw-la illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la noster_fw-la sed_fw-la significatione_n idem_fw-la non_fw-la specie_fw-la aug._n in_o ps_n 77._o aliud_fw-la illi_fw-la aliud_fw-la nos_fw-la sed_fw-la specie_fw-la visibili_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la hoc_fw-la idem_fw-la significaret_fw-la virtute_fw-la spirituali_fw-la n._n 78._o ex_fw-la tract_n 26._o in_o joan._n viz._n the_o same_o in_o signification_n not_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o substance_n and_o to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n cite_v by_o ratram_n n._n 78._o where_o he_o state_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o same_o term_n now_o by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v what_o he_o mean_v when_o above_o n._n 54._o 54._o 54._o panis_n &_o vinum_fw-la prius_fw-la extitere_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la etiam_fw-la specie_fw-la jam_fw-la consecrata_fw-la permanere_fw-la videntur_fw-la n._n 54._o he_o say_v that_o bread_n and_o wine_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o species_n that_o be_v specific_a nature_n after_o consecration_n which_o they_o have_v before_o though_o that_o place_n be_v clear_a enough_o without_o borrow_a light_n hence_o for_o what_o be_v here_o call_v species_n be_v in_o the_o sentence_n immediate_o precede_v call_v etc._n call_v nam_fw-la secundum_fw-la creaturarum_fw-la substantiam_fw-la quod_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ante_fw-la consecrationem_fw-la hoc_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la consistunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o substance_n of_o the_o creature_n so_o that_o species_n here_o be_v what_o ratram_n in_o a_o place_n before_o cite_v out_o of_o another_o work_n of_o he_o 2._o he_o in_o substantiae_fw-la suae_fw-la specie_fw-la ratr._fw-la de_fw-fr praed_n lib._n 2._o call_v the_o species_n of_o its_o substance_n and_o as_o in_o this_o tract_n by_o the_o specifica_fw-la the_o corpus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la semel_fw-la passus_fw-la est_fw-la christus_fw-la non_fw-la aliam_fw-la speciem_fw-la praeferebat_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la consistebat_fw-la n._n 69._o id_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la eam_fw-la speciem_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la consistebat_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la natura_fw-la specifica_fw-la species_n in_o which_o christ_n natural_a body_n consist_v he_o mean_v a_o real_a humane_a body_n so_o in_o this_o place_n n._n 54._o where_o he_o say_v the_o consecrate_a element_n be_v bread_n and_o wine_n before_o and_o consist_v or_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o species_n after_o consecration_n he_o must_v necessary_o mean_v that_o they_o continue_v real_a bread_n and_o wine_n there_o be_v other_o passage_n where_o the_o 56._o the_o intelliges_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o virtute_fw-la corpus_fw-la &_o sanguis_fw-la christi_fw-la existunt_fw-la quae_fw-la cernuntur_fw-la n._n 56._o species_n and_o virtue_n and_o the_o corporeal_a spiritualem_fw-la corporeal_a n._n 93_o 94._o speciem_fw-la corporalem_fw-la &_o fructum_fw-la spiritualem_fw-la species_n and_o spiritual_a fruit_n stand_v oppose_v which_o will_v illustrate_v this_o matter_n which_o i_o pass_v over_o that_o i_o be_v not_o tedious_a to_o the_o reader_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o if_o in_o the_o nine_o and_o ten_o century_n species_n have_v bear_v m._n boileau_n sense_n and_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n have_v believe_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n to_o remain_v it_o have_v be_v of_o great_a moment_n careful_o to_o have_v express_v it_o in_o those_o very_a term_n in_o translate_n the_o 72_o paragraph_n of_o bertram_n where_o he_o say_v the_o spiritual_a body_n of_o christ_n as_o to_o the_o species_n it_o outward_o bear_v be_v make_v of_o several_a grain_n of_o wheat_n by_o the_o baker_n hand_n etc._n etc._n whereas_o aelfric_n in_o render_v that_o place_n omit_v the_o word_n 36._o word_n see_v the_o saxon_a hom._n fol._n 35_o 36._o secundum_fw-la speciem_fw-la quam_fw-la gerit_fw-la exterius_fw-la and_o say_v without_o any_o such_o restriction_n or_o limit_v exposition_n that_o christ_n spiritual_a body_n which_o we_o call_v the_o housel_n be_v gather_v of_o many_o corn_n blood_n corn_n buton_n blood_n without_o blood_n etc._n etc._n where_o by_o the_o way_n also_o observe_v that_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n hold_v not_o the_o doctrine_n of_o that_o concomitance_n which_o be_v devise_v since_o to_o justify_v the_o sacrilegious_a practice_n of_o deprive_v the_o people_n of_o the_o cup._n i_o shall_v now_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n the_o word_n species_n be_v use_v by_o other_o ecclesiastical_a writer_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o tertullian_n the_o most_o ancient_a of_o the_o latin_a father_n who_o expound_v the_o word_n species_n by_o res_n and_o veritas_fw-la for_o instance_n 43._o instance_n per_fw-la fidem_fw-la incedentes_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la speciem_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la spe_fw-la non_fw-la re_fw-mi tertul._n deâ—res_v carn_n c._n 43._o walk_v by_o faith_n and_o not_o by_o species_n that_o be_v say_v he_o in_o hope_n and_o not_o in_o fruition_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o elsewhere_o have_v occasion_n to_o quote_v numb_a 12.8_o in_o which_o place_n god_n express_v his_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o moses_n and_o promise_v to_o admit_v he_o to_o more_o familiar_a conversation_n with_o himself_o than_o he_o will_v other_o prophet_n he_o thus_o gloss_v upon_o the_o word_n erat_fw-la word_n os_fw-la ad_fw-la os_fw-la loquar_fw-la illi_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la veritate_fw-la &_o none_o in_o aenigmate_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la in_o imagine_v adu._n praxeam_n c._n 14._o vide_fw-la etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la martion_n l._n 4._o c._n 22._o in_o specie_fw-la utique_fw-la hominis_fw-la quam_fw-la gesturus_fw-la erat_fw-la to_o he_o will_v i_o speak_v mouth_n to_o mouth_n in_o specie_fw-la that_o be_v in_o truth_n and_o not_o enigmatical_o that_o be_v in_o a_o image_n likewise_o origen_n or_o some_o appellatur_fw-la some_o hoc_fw-la liquet_fw-la ex_fw-la hom._n 18._o ubi_fw-la haec_fw-la leguntur_fw-la in_o libro_fw-la qui_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la quidem_fw-la inter_fw-la salomonis_fw-la volumina_fw-la haberi_fw-la solet_fw-la &_o ecclesiasticus_fw-la dici_fw-la apud_fw-la graecos_n vero_fw-la sapientia_fw-la jesus_n silij_fw-la sirach_n appellatur_fw-la latin_a writer_n who_o homily_n on_o the_o book_n of_o number_n be_v find_v among_o origen_n work_v expound_v the_o same_o place_n do_v at_o least_o ten_o time_n over_o make_v species_n to_o import_v truth_n and_o aenigma_fw-la the_o type_n or_o figure_n hereof_o take_v these_o instance_n numeros_fw-la instance_n lex_fw-la dei_fw-la jam_fw-la non_fw-la in_o figuris_fw-la &_o in_fw-la imaginibus_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la specie_fw-la veritatis_fw-la agnoscitur_fw-la et_fw-la quae_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o aenigmate_fw-la designabant_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la &_o veritate_fw-la complentur_fw-la origen_n hom._n vii_o in_o numeros_fw-la those_o thing_n which_o be_v former_o design_v in_o the_o way_n of_o a_o image_n be_v now_o fulfil_v in_o reality_n and_o truth_n and_o again_o ibid._n again_o vides_fw-la quomodo_fw-la aenigmata_fw-la legis_fw-la paulus_n absolvit_fw-la &_o species_n aenigmatum_fw-la docet_fw-la ibid._n you_o see_v how_o paul_n clear_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o law_n and_o teach_v the_o thing_n signify_v by_o those_o figure_n ibid._n figure_n antea_fw-la in_o aenigmate_fw-la fuit_fw-la baptismus_fw-la in_o nube_fw-la &_o in_fw-la mari_fw-fr nunc_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o specie_fw-la regeneratio_fw-la est_fw-la in_o aqua_fw-la &_o in_fw-la spiritu_fw-la sancto_fw-it ibid._n ancient_o there_o be_v a_o figurative_a baptism_n in_o the_o cloud_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n now_o there_o be_v true_a regeneration_n in_o water_n and_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a instance_n the_o word_n species_n do_v import_v the_o very_a thing_n the_o reality_n the_o truth_n and_o not_o the_o
clear_v of_o heresy_n and_o the_o other_o accusation_n of_o f._n cellot_n chap._n iii_o that_o this_o book_n be_v neither_o whole_o forge_v nor_o yet_o deprave_v that_o ratramnus_n be_v its_o true_a author_n and_o not_o joannes_n scotus_n erigena_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o author_n in_o some_o controvert_v expression_n chap._n v._o that_o this_o treatise_n express_o confute_v the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n chap._n vi_o that_o ratramnus_n be_v not_o singular_a in_o his_o opinion_n but_o have_v several_a other_o great_a man_n in_o his_o own_o and_o the_o follow_a age_n of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o he_o in_o this_o point_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o author_n name_n country_n and_o profession_n of_o his_o eminent_a learning_n with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o work_n in_o regard_v the_o author_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v first_o appear_v in_o print_n under_o the_o mistake_a name_n of_o bertram_n and_o by_o that_o name_n be_v best_a know_v even_o to_o this_o day_n i_o conceive_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o see_v what_o he_o be_v call_v in_o the_o title_n of_o his_o own_o work_n and_o in_o the_o write_n of_o other_o author_n especial_o those_o of_o his_o own_o time._n 79._o time._n seru._n lupus_n ep._n 79._o servatus_fw-la lupus_fw-la write_v to_o he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rotrannus_n who_o corbeiensem_fw-la who_o baluz_fw-fr in_o notis_fw-la ad_fw-la lupum_fw-la ad_fw-la rotrannum_fw-la monachus_fw-la corbeiensem_fw-la baluzius_n doubt_v not_o to_o have_v be_v our_o author_n and_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o epistle_n other_o call_v he_o ratramus_fw-la so_o his_o name_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o sigebertus_n gemblacensis_fw-la from_o the_o two_o manuscript_n mention_v by_o 1580._o by_o ad_fw-la cap._n 96._o sigeberti_n inter_fw-la illustr_n eccl._n scriptores_fw-la ed._n 88_o colon._n 1580._o suffridus_n petrus_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o he_o 28._o he_o flodoardi_fw-la hist_n remens_n l._n 3._o c._n 15._o &_o 28._o flodoardus_n who_o flourish_v about_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o our_o author_n call_v he_o ratrannus_n but_o in_o the_o inscription_n of_o his_o other_o work_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o manuscript_n as_o also_o that_o of_o this_o tract_n 43._o tract_n mabillon_n praefat_fw-la ad_fw-la acta_fw-la bened._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o cap._n 1._o n._n 43._o find_v by_o f._n mabillon_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o lobez_n he_o be_v call_v ratramnus_n so_o in_o the_o ratranni_fw-la the_o ibidem_fw-la scribitur_fw-la ratranni_fw-la super_fw-la posita_fw-la communi_fw-la nota_fw-la literae_fw-la m_o vel_fw-la n_n unde_fw-la orta_fw-la videtur_fw-la lectio_fw-la ratranni_fw-la catalogue_n of_o that_o library_n take_v a._n d._n 1049._o as_o also_o by_o deitate_fw-la by_o hincmarus_n de_fw-fr praed_n c._n 5._o &_o de_fw-la non_fw-la trina_fw-la deitate_fw-la hincmarus_n archbishop_n of_o rheims_n and_o ratramno_fw-la and_o in_o epistola_fw-la metrica_fw-la edita_fw-la per_fw-la cellotium_fw-la append._n opusc_n ii_o amico_n fer_fw-fr ovans_fw-la ratramno_fw-la gotteschalcus_n both_o contemporary_a with_o he_o and_o by_o the_o anonymous_n writer_n publish_v by_o praedest_fw-la by_o hist_o gotteschalci_fw-la praedest_fw-la f._n cellot_n who_o be_v now_o discover_v to_o be_v gemblac_n be_v mabillon_n praef._n ad_fw-la acta_fw-la ben._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o c._n 1._o n._n 47_o 48_o 49._o ex_fw-la ms._n gemblac_n herigerus_fw-la abbot_n of_o lobez_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1007._o his_o true_a name_n be_v doubtless_o ratramnus_n which_o come_v afterward_o to_o be_v change_v into_o bertramus_n by_o the_o error_n of_o some_o transcriber_n of_o sigebertus_n who_o mistake_v as_o he_o easy_o may_v the_o 1669._o the_o the_o like_a mistake_n have_v sometime_o happen_v in_o other_o name_n as_o babanus_n for_o rabanus_n in_o two_o mss._n of_o cellot_v anonymous_n writer_n in_o the_o library_n of_o st_n victor_n in_o paris_n when_o in_o the_o precede_a page_n they_o call_v rabanus_n dissert_n sur_fw-fr jean_n scot_n art._n 2._o p._n 6._o at_o the_o end_n mr._n arnaud_n defence_n in_o quarto_fw-la 1669._o r_n in_o his_o copy_n for_o a_o b_o the_o letter_n be_v not_o much_o unlike_a and_o trithemius_n use_v a_o copy_n of_o sigebert_n so_o write_v have_v propagate_v the_o mistake_n which_o though_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n yet_o aught_o to_o be_v rectify_v and_o our_o author_n be_v call_v by_o his_o true_a name_n ratramnus_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n a_o frenchman_n and_o of_o the_o province_n of_o picardy_n wherein_o he_o become_v a_o monk._n he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o corbey_n not_o new_a corbey_n upon_o the_o weser_n in_o saxony_n but_o the_o old_a corbey_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o amiens_n found_v by_o batildis_n wife_n to_o clodovaeus_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 665._o this_o be_v a_o very_a eminent_a monastery_n of_o benedictin_n in_o which_o the_o 5._o the_o quia_fw-la in_o corbeia_n monasterio_n laudabilis_fw-la eo_fw-la tempore_fw-la religio_fw-la monachorum_fw-la habebatur_fw-la acta_fw-la bened._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 1._o in_o translat_a viti_n c._n 5._o discipline_n of_o that_o order_n be_v strict_o keep_v up_o in_o the_o nine_o century_n when_o the_o monk_n elsewhere_o grow_v very_o remiss_a and_o it_o be_v 5._o be_v mabillonius_n corbeiam_fw-la vocat_fw-la celebrem_fw-la academiam_fw-la in_o act._n ben._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o in_o elogio_fw-la historico_fw-la joanis_n aethelingiensis_n c._n 5._o a_o famous_a academy_n or_o seminary_n of_o learned_a as_o well_o as_o religious_a men._n in_o this_o cloister_n our_o author_n be_v so_o happy_a a_o proficient_a in_o the_o study_n of_o divinity_n that_o he_o be_v esteem_v well_o qualify_v for_o the_o holy_a order_n of_o priesthood_n and_o according_o receive_v it_o and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o bavo_n the_o same_o ratramnus_n as_o it_o be_v think_v be_v by_o carolus_n calvus_n promote_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o be_v of_o flodoard_v hist_o rhem._n l._n 3._o c._n 28._o abp_n usher_n seem_v to_o doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o author_n hist_o gotesc_n cap._n 11._o sub_fw-la finem_fw-la in_o margin_n but_o bishop_n cousin_n dr._n cave_n and_o albertinus_n doubt_v not_o but_o he_o be_v orbais_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o soissons_fw-fr modern_a writer_n of_o both_o the_o roman_a and_o reform_a church_n have_v be_v guilty_a of_o mistake_n touch_v the_o time_n wherein_o bertram_n write_v this_o book_n some_o place_n he_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n and_o suppose_v this_o tract_n to_o be_v write_v a._n d._n 800._o or_o 806._o or_o 810._o so_o bertram_n so_o appar_fw-la sac._n t._n 1._o betramus_n garetius_n circa_fw-la annum_fw-la 806._o sir_n h._n line_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o bertram_n possevine_a and_o other_o the_o manifest_a cause_n of_o their_o mistake_n be_v the_o inscription_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n which_o they_o take_v for_o the_o author_n address_n to_o that_o prince_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v this_o tract_n must_v needs_o be_v write_v before_o the_o year_n chronolog_n year_n lambecius_n in_o orig._n hamb_n tom_fw-mi 2._o in_o tab_v chronolog_n 814._o in_o which_o he_o die_v but_o that_o 129._o that_o act._n ben._n sec_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o praef._n c._n 1._o n._n 129._o inscription_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o ms._n which_o f._n mabillon_n meet_v with_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o lobez_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v the_o author_n be_v for_o though_o carolus_n calvus_n may_v by_o some_o flatterer_n be_v style_v the_o great_a yet_o the_o addition_n of_o emperor_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v we_o to_o believe_v it_o genuine_a for_o he_o be_v not_o emperor_n till_o the_o year_n 875._o which_o be_v above_o 20_o year_n after_o ratramnus_n write_v this_o book_n so_o that_o what_o have_v pass_v for_o the_o inscription_n of_o the_o book_n be_v only_o the_o conceit_n of_o some_o late_a transcriber_n but_o as_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o 〈…〉_o apparatus_fw-la paschasius_fw-la apparatus_fw-la possevin_n apar_fw-la sac_fw-la t._n 2._o paschasius_fw-la possevine_n fix_v our_o author_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o ix_o century_n so_o forget_v himself_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n he_o err_v as_o much_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o work_n of_o paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n thrusts_z bertram_z down_o into_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o that_o age_n and_o make_v he_o to_o have_v write_v a._n d._n 886._o under_o carolus_n crassus_n and_o say_v that_o paschasius_fw-la confute_v his_o error_n in_o a_o book_n to_o placidus_n i_o presume_v the_o ground_n to_o this_o conceit_n be_v that_o by_o this_o mean_n all_o objection_n against_o the_o address_n to_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n seem_v to_o
be_v solve_v in_o regard_n of_o that_o prince_n his_o surname_n crassus_n or_o grossus_fw-la which_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n magnus_n and_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n emperor_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a fetch_n which_o will_v not_o pass_v now_o as_o it_o may_v have_v do_v 80_o or_o 100_o year_n since_o the_o author_n and_o his_o time_n be_v now_o much_o better_o know_v no_o doubt_n but_o as_o lucas_n dacherius_n tell_v we_o 5_o we_o literis_fw-la &_o fama_fw-la floruisse_fw-la ratramnum_fw-la ludovici_n pii_fw-la &_o caroli_n calvi_n temporibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la faciunt_fw-la quas_fw-la protulit_fw-la elucubrationes_fw-la dacherius_n spic_fw-la t._n 1._o lectori_fw-la nu_fw-la 5_o he_o live_v in_o great_a reputation_n for_o learning_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o ludovicus_n pius_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n as_o may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o book_n write_v by_o he_o on_o several_a occasion_n his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n be_v write_v as_o the_o precedent_n 17._o precedent_n mauguin_n tom_fw-mi 2._o disser_fw-fr hist_o cap._n 17._o mauguin_n conjecture_n a._n d._n 850._o which_o be_v the_o next_o year_n after_o goteschalcus_fw-la be_v degrade_v and_o condemn_v in_o a_o synod_n at_o carisiac_n and_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o greek_n can_v not_o be_v well_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 868._o in_o regard_n the_o gallican_n prelate_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o work_n not_o above_o two_o month_n before_o the_o death_n of_o pope_n nicolaus_n the_o first_o which_o happen_v in_o december_n 867._o so_o that_o presume_v ratramnus_n to_o have_v live_v 60_o year_n his_o flourish_a time_n be_v from_o 840._o to_o 870._o 870._o 870._o hincm_n rhem._n op._n tom_n 2._o opusc_n lv._o capitul_n cap._n 1._o tradito_fw-la hincmaro_n laudun_n in_o synodo_n attiniaci_n habita_fw-la a._n d._n 870._o hincmarus_n in_o a_o work_n publish_v by_o he_o in_o the_o year_n 870._o mention_n one_o ratramnus_n presbyter_n than_o 90_o year_n of_o age_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v he_o be_v not_o our_o author_n for_o first_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o secular_a priest_n and_o again_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a so_o learned_a a_o man_n shall_v not_o set_v up_o for_o a_o writer_n till_o about_o 60_o or_o 70_o year_n of_o age_n or_o that_o he_o shall_v write_v so_o smart_o as_o he_o do_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n at_o 88_o that_o he_o be_v in_o great_a esteem_n for_o learning_n in_o his_o own_o age_n be_v past_a doubt_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o his_o know_a ability_n that_o charles_n the_o bald_a choose_v to_o consult_v he_o upon_o point_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o the_o predestination_n controversy_n and_o that_o of_o christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o preface_n and_o conclusion_n of_o his_o work_n on_o both_o those_o subject_n and_o though_o memoratur_fw-la though_o feuguer_n opusc_n lugd._n praefat._n p._n 9_o 10._o quod_fw-la altem_fw-la ad_fw-la calvi_n aulam_fw-la attinet_fw-la nullo_n quod_fw-la sciam_fw-la docto_fw-la uno_fw-la ornata_fw-la memoratur_fw-la feugueraeus_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o bertram_n tell_v we_o that_o carolus_n calvus_n have_v no_o learned_a man_n in_o his_o court_n as_o his_o grandfather_n have_v alcuin_n claudius_n clemens_n and_o joannes_n scotus_n its_o plain_a that_o herein_o he_o be_v very_o much_o mistake_v as_o indeed_o he_o be_v almost_o in_o every_o thing_n he_o say_v in_o that_o preface_n for_o carolus_n calvus_n be_v a_o great_a patron_n of_o learning_n and_o learned_a man_n joannes_n scotus_n live_v in_o his_o court_n and_o not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o i_o very_o believe_v that_o through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o some_o monk_n who_o have_v read_v the_o name_n of_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o be_v in_o favour_n with_o charles_n the_o great_a thus_o recite_v alcuinum_fw-la flaccum_fw-la claudium_fw-la scotum_n or_o claudium_fw-la clementem_fw-la scotum_n etc._n etc._n and_o mistake_v scotum_n whereby_o the_o country_n of_o claudius_n clemens_n who_o be_v a_o irishman_n be_v design_v for_o the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n joannes_n scotus_n erigena_n have_v be_v make_v a_o domestic_a of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o those_o other_o senseless_a story_n that_o he_o be_v a_o scholar_n of_o scotus_n of_o vinc._n bellovac_n spec._n hist_o l._n 23._o c._n 173._o apud_fw-la nat._n alex._n de_fw-fr jo._n scoto_n erig_n sec_fw-la 9_o p._n 2._o diss_fw-la 14._o fueruntque_fw-la parisiis_fw-la fundatores_fw-la illius_fw-la studii_fw-la quatuor_fw-la monachi_fw-la bedae_fw-la discipuli_fw-la rabanus_n &_o alcuinus_fw-la claudius_n &_o joannes_n scotus_n v._o bede_n companion_n of_o alcuin_n and_o a_o assistant_n to_o he_o in_o sound_v the_o university_n of_o paris_n have_v be_v raise_v for_o scotus_n be_v ordinary_o mention_v next_o after_o this_o claudius_n on_o this_o occasion_n but_o the_o mistake_n seem_v ancient_a as_o berengarius_fw-la by_o a_o ms._n epistle_n of_o he_o to_o richardus_fw-la 1062._o richardus_fw-la dacherii_fw-la spicil_n t._n 2._o council_n t._n 9_o col_fw-fr 1062._o publish_v by_o d'achery_n and_o from_o he_o by_o labbe_n in_o the_o council_n beside_o scotus_n that_o king_n favour_v other_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o several_a argument_n by_o his_o command_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o predestination_n he_o hold_v two_o several_a council_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n at_o carisiac_n in_o the_o first_o of_o which_o goteschalcus_fw-la be_v condemn_v and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n be_v state_v in_o four_o short_a determination_n though_o not_o in_o all_o point_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o some_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a man_n in_o france_n he_o consult_v scotus_n 128._o scotus_n vide_fw-la seru._n lupi_fw-la ep._n 128._o servatus_fw-la lupus_fw-la and_o our_o author_n and_o ii_o and_o denique_fw-la sunt_fw-la multi_fw-la domino_fw-la donante_fw-la magistri_fw-la haec_fw-la region_fw-la siti_fw-la ingenio_fw-la lâ—c_fw-la plete_a periti_fw-la vnde_fw-la palatina_n plerique_fw-la morantur_fw-la in_o aula_n vide_fw-la append._n cellotii_fw-la opusc_n ii_o goteschalcus_fw-la about_o who_o all_o this_o controversy_n arise_v in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ratramnus_n say_v that_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n then_o about_o his_o court._n and_o no_o question_n but_o he_o always_o consult_v man_n of_o eminent_a note_n ratramnus_n be_v also_o in_o good_a esteem_n with_o odo_n successor_n to_o paschasius_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o corbey_n and_o afterward_o bishop_n of_o beauvais_n to_o who_o he_o dedicate_v his_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o who_o in_o all_o probability_n nominate_v he_o as_o a_o fit_a person_n to_o answer_v the_o objection_n of_o the_o greek_n against_o the_o latin_a church_n nay_o f._n cellot_n acknowledge_v 2._o cellot_n hist_o gotte_n l._n 3._o c._n 7._o sect_n 2._o that_o hincmarus_n himself_o have_v such_o a_o esteem_n of_o he_o long_v after_o his_o writing_n of_o the_o sacrament_n and_o predestination_n that_o whn_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o pope_n nicolaus_n i._o he_o seek_v all_o france_n for_o learned_a man_n to_o write_v against_o the_o greek_n he_o invite_v ratramnus_n by_o name_n to_o undertake_v that_o service_n nor_o have_v hincmarus_n odo_n and_o the_o other_o gallican_n prelate_n a_o better_a opinion_n of_o his_o ability_n for_o that_o work_n than_o concilient_fw-la than_o praefat._n ad_fw-la act._n ben._n secul_fw-la 4._o p._n 2._o n._n 161._o ratramnus_n vero_fw-la liâ—ge_fw-la plura_fw-la &_o potiora_fw-la prolatis_fw-la exproprio_fw-la genio_fw-la validis_fw-la ratiociniis_fw-la quae_fw-la argumentis_fw-la &_o autoritatibus_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la adductis_fw-la lucem_fw-la ac_fw-la robur_fw-la concilient_fw-la f._n mabillon_n have_v of_o his_o performance_n who_o say_v that_o whoever_o shall_v compare_v the_o work_n of_o ratramnus_n with_o that_o of_o aeneas_n parisiensis_fw-la will_v easy_o discern_v how_o much_o ratramnus_n excel_v he_o in_o learning_n and_o eloquence_n for_o whereas_o aeneas_n ordinary_o produce_v naked_a and_o jejune_a testimony_n without_o any_o considerable_a remark_n upon_o they_o ratramnus_n allege_v many_o more_o and_o better_a authority_n enforce_v and_o illustrate_v they_o by_o solid_a reason_n of_o his_o own_o the_o same_o good_a opinion_n have_v precedent_n mauguin_n of_o his_o performance_n in_o his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n when_o he_o call_v he_o 17._o he_o mauguin_n tom_fw-mi 2._o in_o dissert_n hist_n c._n 17._o non_fw-la levis_fw-la armaturae_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la christi_fw-la militem_fw-la no_o raw_a soldier_n light_o arm_v but_o a_o undaunted_a champion_n of_o the_o catholic_n truth_n against_o innovator_n and_o much_o more_o he_o add_v in_o his_o praise_n and_o though_o in_o his_o writing_n about_o the_o sacrament_n 5._o sacrament_n refut_o du_fw-fr mr._n claude_n p._n 3._o c._n 5._o mr._n arnauld_n be_v please_v to_o style_v he_o a_o fantastical_a obscure_a and_o empty_a divine_a who_o reason_n be_v frothy_a cavil_n yet_o in_o the_o controversy_n of_o predestination_n and_o grace_n both_o he_o and_o his_o brethren_n