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A66045 An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins ... Wilkins, John, 1614-1672.; Wilkins, John, 1614-1672. Alphabetical dictionary. 1668 (1668) Wing W2196; Wing W2176_CANCELLED; ESTC R21115 531,738 644

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well as I could into these Tables all simple things and notions by a Consideration of them a Priori I then judged it necessary to attempt the reduction of a●l other Words in the Dictionary to these Tables either as they were Synonymous to them or to be defined by them which would be a means to try the fulness of these Tables and consequently to supply their defects And besides a great help to Learners who without such a direction might not perhaps at first be able to find out the true place and notion of many Words For the farther compleating of this Work I found it necessary to take into consideration the framing of such a Natural Grammar as might be suited to the Philosophy of Speech abstracting from those many unnecessary rules belonging to instituted Language which proved a matter of no small difficulty considering the little help to be had for it from those few Authors who had before undertaken to do any thing in this kind In the doing of these things I have not neglected any help that I could procure from others and must acknowledge my self much ingaged to sundry Learned Men of my acquaintance for their directions and furtherance in such matters as were most suitable to their several Studies and Professions Amongst the rest I must not forget to make particular mention of the special assistance I have received in drawing up the Tables of Animals from that most Learned and Inquisitive Gentleman a worthy Member of the Royal Society Mr. Francis Willoughby who hath made it his particular business in his late Travails through the most considerable parts of Europe to inquire after and understand the several species of Animals and by his own Observations is able to advance that part of Learning and to add many things to what hath been formerly done by the most Learned Authors in this kind And as for those most difficult Tables of Plants I have received the like assistance from one of his Companions in Travail Mr. John Wray Late Fellow of Trinity Colledge in Cambridge who besides his other general Knowledge hath with great success applyed himself to the Cultivating of that part of Learning And as for the principal difficulties which I met with in any other part of this Work I must acknowledge my self obliged to the continual assistance I have had from my most Learned and worthy Friend Dr. William Lloyd then whom so far as I am able to judge this Nation could not have afforded a fitter Person either for that great Industry or Accurate judgment both in Philological and Philosophical matters required to such a Work And particularly I must wholy ascribe to him that tedious and difficult task of suting the Tables to the Dictionary and the drawing up of the Dictionary it self which upon tryal I doubt not will be found to be the most perfect that was ever yet made for the English Tongue And here I think it proper to give notice that there are several Words mentioned in the Dictionary and frequently used amongst some Authors which are yet very questionable as to their fitness and propriety Each of these were in the Original Coppy marked with an Asterisk for the better distinction of them but by some oversight these marks have been omitted in the Impression If any shall suggest that some of the Enquiries here insisted upon as particularly those about the Letters of the Alphabet do seem too minute and trivial for any prudent Man to bestow his serious thoughts and time about Such Persons may know that the discovery of the true nature and Cause of any the most minute thing doth promote real Knowledge and therefore cannot be unfit for any Mans endeauours who is willing to contribute to the advancement of Learning Vpon which Account some of the most eminent Persons in several Ages who were Men of business have not disdained to bestow their pains about the First Elements of Speech Julius Caesar is said to have written a Book de Analogia And the Emperour Charles the Great to have made a Grammar of his vulgar Tongue So did St. Basil for the Greek and St. Austin for the Latin both extant in their Works Besides divers of great reputation both Ancient and Modern who have Written whole Books on purpose concerning the just Number of the Letters in the Alphabet Others have applyed their disquisitions to some particular Letters Messala Corvinus a Great Man and a famous Orator amongst the Romans Writ a Book concerning the Letter S. Adamantius Martyr was the Author of another Book concerning the Letters V. and B. Our Learned Gataker has Published a Book concerning Dipthongs And Jovianus Pontanus esteemed a Learned Man hath Two Books de Adspiratione or the Letter H. Mr. Franklyn hath published a particular Discourse concerning Accents And Erycius Puteanus hath Written a Book purposely de Inter punctione of the true way of Pointing Clauses and Sentences And these Generally well esteemed for their great usefulness in the Promoting of Learning Which may be a sufficient Vindication against any Prejudices of this Nature THE CONTENTS The First Part Containing the Prolegomena CHAPTER I. I. THE Introduction II. The Original of Languages III. The First Mother Tongues IV. Their several Offsprings Page 1 CHAP. II. I. Concerning the various Changes and Corruptions to which all vulgar Languages are obnoxious II. Particularly concerning the Change of the English Tongue III. Whether any Language formerly in use be now wholly lost IV. Concerning the first rise and occasion of New Languages pag. 6 CHAP. III. I. The Original of Letters and Writing II. That all Letters were derived from the Hebrew III. The use of Letters is less Antient and the Kinds of them less numerous than of Languages themselves IV. Of Notes for secrecy or brevity V. Of a Real Character VI. Of Alphabets in General pag. 10 CHAP. IV. I. Of the defects in Common-Alphabets as to the true Order of the Letters II. Their just Number III. Determinate Powers V. Fitting Names V. Proper Figures VI. Of the Imperfections belonging to the Words of Languages as to their Equivocalness Variety of Synonymous Words Uncertain Phraseologies Improper way of Writing pag. 14 CHAP. V. I. That neither Letters nor Languages have been regularly established by the Rules of Art II. The Natural ground or Principle of the several ways of Communication amongst Men. III. The first thing to be provided for in the establishing of a Philosophical Character or Language is a just enumeration of all such Things and Notions to which Names are to be assigned pag. 19 The Second Part Containing Universal Philosophy CHAPTER I. I. THE Scheme of Genus's II. Concerning the more General Notions of Things The difficulty of Establishing these aright III. Of Transcendentals General IV. Of Transcendentals Mixed V. Of Transcendental Relations of Action VI. Of the several Notions belonging to Grammar or Logic. Page 22 CHAP. II. I. Concerning God II. Of the several Things and Notions reducible under that
until middle of Leg. Bustard Bi. II. 4. But. Conjunction but. Conj II. 1. O. indeed Conj II. 1. as but lately c. onely Adv. IV. 1. O. that unless Conj I. 3. O. yet notwithstanding Conj II. 2. O. Preposition beside Prep IV. 3. O. a thick extremity sp of Stock Barrel augm measure Mark Bank at-adj p. shoot apt Sign adj p. aim apt to knock thrusting sp with Forehead Butcher Butchering Mechanic ing Pr. III. 1. bird Bi. I. 3. A. 's broom Sh. IV. 5. A. Butler adj Provisions Officer for adj p. drink thing Butter Pr. I. 3. milk Milk after Butter make fly Ex. IV. 9. Hawke Ex. IV. 10. bur HL. VI. 1. A. wort HL. VI. Buttery adj Drinking room Buttock PG. IV. 8. Button Mag. VI. 2. hole Mag. V. 2. A. Fish Ex. VIII 2. Batchelour's Campion HS. V. 2. Buttress Po III. 7. A. Butwin   Buz a. Bee voice Buzzard ●ite Bi. I. 2. A. bald White-headed C CAbala Tradition RE. VI. 1. A. Cabbage HS. IV. 6. Tree Tr. VII 8. Cabbin Chamber dim sp in a Ship Cabinet Box for precious most esteemed things Cable RN. IV. 8. Cacao Chocolate Tr. IV. 7. Cackle a. Hen voice Cacochymia S. I. 3. A. Cade Lamb educated in house Cadence adj Concluding Sound Cadet Dependent Cadew Ex. III. 4. A. Cage Imprisonment room sp for Birds Cayman Crocodile Be. VI. 3. Cajole perswade by Craft Flattering Caitiff Wicked augm Miserable augm Cake Flat bread Calaminaris St. II. 7. A. Calamint HF. VII 2. A. Calamity Misery Calcine O. VI. 8. Calculate Reckon TA. IV. 6. Calendar adj year-Year-book of Series of daies of every month Calender a. smoothness sp of Cloth a adj calendring mech Calends First day of the month Calenture Feaver augm Calf Beast Bull Be. II. 1. young 's snout Snap-dragon HS. VIII 6. Hart male of the first year Sea Seal Be. V. 3. A. of the Leg. Protuberance behind the Leg. Hinder Muscles of the Leg. Calif. Successor of Mahomet Calk RN. VI. 1. Call a. Voice a. Name Summon to mind re-a memory to witness a. Witness make in un-public a. annihilation upon Invocate ing Profession Callous Hard skin Muscle Callow Downy not-feathered Calm El. VI. 6. A. adj Peaceableness adj Meekness Calo. RM. III. 8. A. Caltrops Iron instr having four points most distant from each other land HS. III. 9 A. water HL. VII 8. A. Calumny RJ. IV. 7. Cambuge Concrete juice purgative Camel Be. I. 3. 's Hay HL. III. 11. A. Camelopard Giraffa Be. II. 7. Camerade adj Chamber Companion Cammock Rest-harrow HS. III. 14. Camomil HF. II. 8. Camp RM. VI. 1. master adj Camp Officer Campania Plain Summers war Camphire Tree Tr. VIII 6. Gum. Gum of Camphire tree Campion HS. III. 2. Can. Active adj Potentialness adj Natural Power adj Power Pass adj Possibility May Mod. I. 1. a Footless Cup Canary bird Bi. IV. 6. A. grass HL III. 1. wine Wine of the Canaries Cancel a. Annihilation a. Spoil un Cancer Ulcer S. III. 4. Constellation Star aggr call'd the Crab. Sign the fourth of the twelve parts of the Zodiac tropic of W VI. 5. Cancer Majus Ex. VI. 7. Candy Condite with Sugar Alexander HF. IV. 13. Candid adj Candor Candidate RC. I. 4. A. Candle Pr. VI. 3. stick Supporting vess for Candle Candor Man I. 3. Cane HL. III. 13. Canel bone Bone next to the Weasand tree Cinamon Tr. VIII 8. Canibal adj Eating person of men Canis major Stars aggr called Greater Dog minor Stars aggr called Lesser Dog Canker Vlcer sp within the mouth Rust Met. IV. 5. sp of Brass Worm Caterpiller Cankered adj p Canker stomach Old Wrath Hatred Cannibal adj Eating person of men Canons of breeches c. Hollow Cylinders of a Cathedral Assessors of the Bishop Rules adj RE. Laws Ordnance RM. VI. 5. A. Canonize Make one a Saint Sentence one a Saint Declare one a Saint Canoo Boat of one Tree Canopy over-adj Head adj Shadowing Covering thing Canorous adj a. Sing apt Cantharides Ex. V. 9. Cantharus Fi. V. 2. Canticle adj p. Sing thing sp Little c. Cantle Fragment TM VI. 5. A. Canto Treble part of a Song Cantonize Divide into little Governments Canvas Linnen of Hemp. ing a. Suter for suffrages Contend for suffrages Examin augm Cap. adj Head vest sp Congruous to the Head case Box dim to un-vest the Head Wooden jug fastning Top-mast to the Mast Flag-staff to the Mast a pe from head to foot Verses Play at repeating Verses Capable adj a. Receive pot adj Subject pot adj Passion pot Capacity Subject pot Receive pot Passion pot Caparison adj Ornat armam of Saddle Cape of Cloke adj p. fold Lamin Promontory W. III. 4. Merchant RN. V. 5. Ca●er Leap sp with trembling like of the Leggs Fruit. Sh. IV. 2. Ship Private man of War Ship praedatory Capital adj Head adj a. Dy apt crime cr punishable with dying make Cheef TM IV. 4. Capitulate Treat about Conditions Capon un-testicled Cock. Capra saltans El. I. 5 Caprichious Fantastic corr Capricorn Tenth of the 12 parts of the Zodiac tropic of W. VI. 5. Capriscus Fi. IV. 9. Capstain RN. II. 3. Captain of Foot adj Company Officer of Horse adj Troop Offi. of a Ship RN. V. 1. Captious Censorious prone to be displeased dispute quarrel Captivate RM. II. 6. E. Captive adj p. Captivate person Caput Mort Sediment remaining of distilled thing Car Cart. Caract Eighteenth part of a Dram. Caraguia Be. V. 6. Caramosel RN. I. 4. Caranna Tr. VIII 5. Caravan Travelling aggr of Merchants Caravel Ship augm Caraway HF. V. 7. Carbine Gun augm of Horseman Carbonado Broil'd adj p. flashing Pr. III. 5. Carbuncle Sore S. III. 4. A. Gem Ruby augm Card playing adj Card. Mo. V. 2. Instr. playing at s Mo. V. 2. Geographic Description by picture to wool Un-intangle by Comb O. V. 9. A. Prepare for Spinning by Combing Cardamom   Cardialgia S. VI. 1. Cardinal Principal Chief Clergy of Rome points East West North and South Care Thinking augm Carefulness Heedfulness Ha. IV. 2. sp with Trouble Affliction Diligence Carelesness Heedlesness Ha. IV. 2. D. Sloth Caressing a. Seem sign love augm Cargo Catalogue of Ships merchandize Carine RN. VI. 4. Cark Ha. IV. 2. E. Carkanet Jewel aggr Carkass Dead body of a Fowl Trunk Carnal adj Flesh Natural Worldly adj Lust Ungracious Carnation adj Flesh-colour Carnosity Flesh abstr a Excrescence adj Flesh. Carob Tr. VI. 1. Caroll Joyful Song Carowse Drink aug Carp Fi. IX 7. to Calumniate words Except contentiously Carpenter adj House faber adj Wood Mechanic Carpet Woolen Ornament Vest for Table Carract Eighteenth part of a Dram. Carraway HF. V. 7. Carreer Running imp Carrot HF. V. 6. wilde HF. V. 6. A. Carry Go supporting Mo. VI. 1. er RC. II. 8. A. Instruments for ing Po. V. a. Demeanour a. Converse Support Mo. VI. 1. A. Carriage adj p. Carry thing adj a. Carry manner Demeanour AC V. Converse Man A.