any further enquiry thereinto we wil therefore make the more accurate search after thereby to find out the Cause of an Inflammation in this manner following There would be no Tumor at any time generated in any part of the Body were it not that either its substance as it were boyling over with heat is poured out or that from without some new substance makes its approach For there are but two only causes to be assigned of the augmentation of the bulk and quantity in any thing whatsoever For either the radical moisture through an internal or external heat is resolved into an aery substance which as it is wel known requires a far greater space room for dilatation then formerly it had or else as we said before some new substance is extrinsecally from some other place superadded thereunto Now therefore of necessity it is that one of these two causes must be present when as in that hot and burning Tumor which we commonly call a Phlegmone the part is lifted up into a greater bulk than is ordinary or agreeable to the intention of Nature But now that the fervency and boyling up of the natural moisture or the effusion thereof is not the Cause appears by this because that every thing that is poured forth and converted as it were into spirits when it is cooled it assumes again its pristine quantity and as we may so express it puts off and laies aside the Tumor as by common experience it is most apparent But as for the parts inflamed let them be never so vehemently cooled yet wil they never return into the former state and condition nor ever cast off the Tumor or Swelling Furthermore if by reason of the effusion of the part and its conversion into spirits a Tumor should be caused in the part inflamed then necessarily upon the incision of the part the spirit should appear which yet as we see is nothing so but that rather there follows an effusion of Blood and the whole place by its colour and the looks thereof seems altogether full of Blood It remains therefore that the accession of some new substance is the cause of a Phlegmone But now that this new substance is the Blood appears from hence to wit that the Phlegmone is exceeding red both within and without Now this red colour is only proper unto and inseparable from the Blood Blood the nighest cause of an Inflammation for there is nothing that waxeth red in the Body beside the Blood and the Flesh which later notwithstanding viz. the Flesh cannot by any means be the cause of a Phlegmone For if the increment of the flesh were the cause of an Inflammation there would be indeed a Tumor or Swelling in the part yet so as notwithstanding the internal heat should remain sound and in an healthful plight without the least distemper and that also it should not in the least vary its pristine nature when as in no one thing that is augmented according to its substance the heat may properly be said to be heightned and encreased so far forth that the increment of the substance and quantity should any way differ from the change or alteration of the qualities But now the case is otherwise in a Phlegmone wherein the colour is changed and the heat grown to be more intense the said colour evidently demonstrating not only the quantity but likewise the quality of the substance Moreover that the Blood is cause of a Phlegmone may be manifestly evidenced by this that the place in the greatest Inflammations especially which now and then happen in Ulcers appears and seems all bloody round about which certainly would never be if blood were not the cause of the Inflammation Furthermore that Blood is Cause of the Inflammation that generating of the Inflammation which happeneth in Wounds doth evidently demonstrate For in new and fresh Wounds the Blood its true at the first flows forth but then afterward being compressed and kept in either by the hand or else with Ligatures or Medicaments that stop the issuing forth of blood or else lastly being suppressed and staid of its own accord it is then reteined either in the Orifice or Cavities of the dissected Vessels and there it is compacted and so wrought that it grows together like as clotted blood useth to do and there by a continued heaping up of the blood abundantly flowing thereunto it lifts up the part into a Tumor or Swelling and causeth an Inflammation An Inflammation what it is Since therefore the Conjunct Cause of an Inflammation is proved to be the Blood preternaturally flowing thereunto it is no hard matter thence to collect that an Inflammation is a preternatural Tumor of the fleshy parts as Galen in the place alleadged takes and understands the name of Flesh arising from the preternatural afflux of the blood and that therupon it must necessarily be hot red extended and accompanied with a kind of renitency or resisting property pain and pulsation or beating The manner how an Inflammation is bred But now that there may not be left to remain any the least obscurity about the nature of an Inflammation we will here add the manner also how a Phlegmone is generated and this we wil do out of Galen who in his Book touching the unequal Intemperies Chap. 3. hath in these words described it it is saith he a hot fluxion or flowing the which when it hath seized upon and seated it self in some muscelly part at first the greater Veins and Arteries are fil'd up and distended and next after them the lesser and so it is carried on untill that at length it arrives even at the least of them In these when the matter of the fluxion is forcibly impacted and cannot therein be any longer conteined it is then transmitted unto the outward parts partly through their own Orifices and partly by a percolation as it were and straining or sweating out of it through the Tunicles and then the void spaces which are betwixt the most principal parts are filled full with the fluxion And so all those parts or places are on all sides very much heated and overspread Those parts or Bodies are the Nerves Ligaments Membranes the Flesh it self and before al these the Veins and Arteries For whereas the Veins and Arteries run along unto each particular part by the which is received both nourishment and vital Spirit so long as the blood flows in a due measure and just proportion and is conteined within those its receptacles the part is not wont to suffer any Inflammation at all but then only when at the length the blood is overcopiously and all on a huddle emptied and poured forth into the substance of the part by the Veins and Arteries By which very thing also a Phlegmone is distinguished from other fluxions in which the matter is diffused without the Veins into the whole substance of the part and there doth distend and dilate it For in a Phlegmone although all the
for distinction sake when he speaketh of an Ulcer is wont to add the name of Ulcers and to cal them Phagedaenae of the Ulcers And furthermore the name of a Phagedaena doth sometimes signifie a certain kind of destruction that befalleth unto Bees of which Columella writeth in his tenth Book and Chap. 13. But here in this place we take Phagedaena as it is only an Ulcer touching which Galen in his Book of Tumors and Chap. 14. thus writeth Whatsoever of the Vlcers there be that eat and devour and reach unto the Bodies lying round about them and continually eating through that that is sound all these Vlcers are by the Greeks called Phagedaenica but those that are compounded of both to wit of an Vlcer and a Tumor surrounding the flesh these are called Phagedaenae Thus Galen Moreover also Herpes feedeth upon and eateth up the parts lying neer round about but the exulceration is in the Skin alone but the Phagedaena together with the Skin reacheth even unto those parts that lie underneath Nome is likewise a different Affect so called from the Greek word Nome signifying to feed because that it is wont to move forward stil feeding the Disease from the sick and unsound parts unto those that are whole and sound and of these sound particles it is wont alwaies to add somthing thereof unto the unsound so that it hath its Appellation not from the substance of the thing declared and shewn but from something that is Accessary which is to feed as Galen tels us in his fifth Book of the Method of Healing Chap. 4. For Nome signifieth an eating or devouring putridness albeit that the Ulcer creep but slowly But Phagedaena is from humors that are sharp and corroding even without any putridness But what a Phagedaena is we are now to declare unto you What Phagedaena is Now a Phagedaena in special and properly so called is an Ulcer that feedeth upon and eateth through the flesh lying underneath it and those things that are about it and then preying upon some what belonging unto the sound parts which it addeth unto those that are diseased and unsound as we may see from the sixth Book of the Aphor. Aphor. 46 and in Galen his Book of Tumors Chap. 12. To wit the Phagedaena which the more ignorant Physitians call the Ambulative or walking Ulcer is an Ulcer that is tumid and profound eating through the parts lying neer and the flesh that lieth underneath For it hath a Tumor about its lips by which it is distinguished from Nome It s difference from Nome which likewise eateth thorow the adjacent parts but then it is without any Tumor Although that it be likewise otherwise distinguished from Nome because that in Phagedaena the Corrosion is only from a Malignant quality and the acrimony of the humor wheras in Nome there is likewise a putridness conjoyned And it is also a deep and profound Ulcer and such as doth not only eat through the Skin but even through the flesh also in which respect it differeth from the Herpes that corrodeth and eateth through the Skin only The Causes This Malady hath its original from an adust or burnt humor and Cholerick and such as almost degenerateth into the Nature of black Choler or Melancholly or else from yellow Choler with salt Flegm and a serous or wheyish humor therewithall mingled which humor is not so thin as that that causeth the Herpes not yet so thick as that which produceth the Cancer But now these humors proceed either from some principal Member affected with a hot and dry Distemper or else they are burnt in the very part that is affected that lieth under some hot and dry preternatural Distemper Signs Diagnostick The Signs are already declared and explained and they may be collected out of this and the foregoing Chapter Prognosticks 1. These Ulcers are hard to cure whereupon they are likewise in the general called Cacoethe 2. Yet nowithstanding some are more malignant then others for which cause there is a necessity that we have in a readiness divers Medicaments differing in strength and virtue For we never yet heard of any one that with one only Medicament easily cured al such like Ulcers as these 3. Eating Ulcers with a hot and dry distemper of the Liver or else conjoyned with the foul Disease which we commonly cal the French Pox or the Neapolitane Disease are not to be cured without much difficulty 4. Earing and devouring Ulcers unless they be rightly and speedily healed they often degenerate into an exulcerated Cancer The Cure About the Cure of this Ulcer it is to be noted as elsewhere likewise we have often said that in it nothing wil any whit profit or avail as it is also in other Diseases whilest that the Cause stil remaineth And therefore in the first place such a Course of Diet is to be prescribed that will not only not generate such like adust humors but likewise qualifie and correct their acrimony and afterwards these bad humors are to be evacuated out of the body And moreover this also is to be observed which Galen likewise taketh notice of in the place before alleadged Viz. in the fourth Chapter of his Book of the Composit of Medicam according to the kinds of them upon the Medicament of Asclepiades where he hath these words Rightly saith he hath Asclepiades added these words unto the end of his prescribed Medicament Viz. and loosen this every third day and mitigate the pain with fomentations and soften the same Emplaster when you have washed it and again lay it on for unless the Medicament shal stick somwhat long unto the Skin it effecteth but little or nothing which most Physitians are ignorant of who think that if thrice a day they wipe away the Sanies from the Vlcer they then do better then those that do it but twice a day And the truth is there is most commmonly a great error committed in this very point whilest most men think that they take the best course with the Patient if they wash such a like Ulcer three or four times a day But since that the Medicament doth not at all act any thing unless by the Native heat it be drawn forth into act and in regard that in malignant and long continued Ulcers the heat of the affected part is very weak it needeth much time therefore to excite and draw forth the strength and virtue of the Medicament Wherefore the same Medicament ought to be kept sticking upon the part affected a long while neither is its action to be disturbed when the virtue and strength thereof is scarcely yet drawn forth by the heat of the place affected so that it now but beginneth to act and a new Medicament to be applied In which case notwithstanding the condition of the humor exciting the Ulcer is to be considered For if it be very sharp it is the oftner to be wiped away lest that sticking in the ulcerated part it
The Art of CHIRURGERY Explained in SIX PARTS Part I. Of Tumors in forty six Chapters Part II. Of Vlcers in Nineteen Chapters Part III. Of the Skin Hair and Nails in Two Sections and Nineteen Chapters Part IV. Of Wounds in twenty four Chapters Part V. Of Fractures in twenty two Chapters Part VI. Of Luxations in thirteen Chapters Being the whole FIFTH BOOK OF Practical Physick By Daniel Sennertus Doctor of Physick And R.W. Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor of Physick and the Liberal Arts. Above Eight thousand of the said Books in Latin and English have been sold in a few Years LONDON Printed by Peter Cole and Edward Cole Printers and Book-sellers at the Sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1663. Physick Books Printed by Peter Cole at the Exchange in London Viz. 1. A GOLDEN Practice of Physick plainly discovering the Kinds with the several Causes of every Disease And their most proper Cures in respect to the Causes from whence they come after a new easie and plain Method of Knowing Foretelling Preventing and Curing all diseases Incident to the Body of Man Full of proper Observations and Remedies-both of Ancient and Modern Physitians Being the Fruit of One and Thirty years Travel and fifty years Practice of Physick By Dr. Plater Dr. Cole and Nich. Culpeper 2. Sennertus Practiâ—al Physick the firâ—â— Book in three Parts 1. Of the Head 2. Of the Hurt of the internal senses 3. Of the external Senses in five Sections 3. Sennertus Practi al Physick the second Book in four Parts 1. Of the Jaws and Mouth 2. Of the Breast 3. Of the Lungs 4. Of the Heart 4. Sennertus Third Book of Practical Physick in fourteen Parts treating 1. Of the Stomach and Gullet 2. Of the Guts 3. Of the Mesentery Sweetbread and Omentum 4. Of the Spleen 5. Of the Sides 6. Of the Scurvey 7 and 8. Of the Liver 9 Of the Ureters 10 Of the Kidâ—es 11. and 12. Of the Bladder 13. and 14 Of the Privities and Generation in men 5. Sennertus fourth Book of Practical Physick in three Parts Part 1. Of the Diseases in the Privities of women The first Section Of Diseases of the Privie Part and the Neck of the Womb. The second Section Of the Diseases of the Womb. Part 2. Of the Symptoms in the Womb from the Womb. The second Section Of the Symptoms in the Terms and other Fluxes of the Womb. The third Section Of the Symptoms that befal al Virgins and Women in their Wombs after they are ripe of Age. The fourth Section Of the Symptoms which are in Conception The fifth Section Of the Government of Women with Child and preternatural Distempers in Women with Child The sixth Section Of Symptoms that happen in Childbearing The seventh Section Of the Government of Women in Child bed and of the Diseases that come after Travel The first Section Of Diseases of the Breasts The second Section Of the Symptoms of the Breasts To which is added a Tractate of the Cure of Infants Part 1. Of the Diet and Government of Infants The second Section Of Diseases and Symptoms in Children 6. Sennertus fifâ—h Book o Practical Physick Or the Art of Chyrurgery in six Parts 1. Of Tumors 2. Of Ulcers 3. Of the Skin Hair and Nails 4. Of Wounds with an excellent Treatise of the Weapon Salve 5. Of Fractures 6. Of Luxations 7. Sennertus sixth and last Book of Practical Physick in nine Parts 1. Of Diseases from occult Qualities in general 2. Of occult malignant and venemous Diseases arising from the internal fault of the humors 3 Of occult Diseases from water Air and Infections and of infectious Diseases 4. Of the Venereal Pox. 5. Of outward Poysons in general 6. Of Poysons from Minerals and Metals 7. Of Poysons from Plants 8. Of Poysons that come from Living Creatures 9. Of Diseases by Witchcraft Incantation and Charmes 8. 〈…〉 Treatise of Chymâ—â—◠〈◊〉 â—â—ving the Agreemen◠〈◊〉 Disagreement of Chymâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Gâ—lenists 9. 〈…〉 â—wo Treatises 1. Of the 〈◊〉 1. Of the Gout 10 Sennertus thirteen Books of Natural Philosophy Or the Nature of all things in the World 11. Twenty four Books of the Practice of Physick being the Works of that Learned and Renowned Doctor Lazarus Riverius Physitian and Counsellor to the late King c. 12. Idea of Practical Physick in twelve Books 13. Bartholinus Anatomy with very many larger Brass Fiâ—ures than any other Anatomy in English 14. Veslingus Anatomy of the Body of Man 15. Riolanus Anatomy 16. A Translation of the new Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London in Folio and in Octavo Whereunto is added The Key of Galen's Method of Physick 17. A Directory for Midwives or a guide for women The First and Second Part. 18. Galens Art of Physick 19. A new Method both of studying and practising Physick 20. A Treatise of the Rickets 21. Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the C mmon People 22. Health for the Rich and Poor by Diet without Physick 23. One thousand New Famous and Rare Cures in Folio and Octavo 24. A Treatise of Pulses and Urins 25. A Treatise of Blood-letting and Cures performed thereby 26. A Treatise of Scarification and Cures performed thereby 27. The English Physitian enlarged The London Dispensatory in Folio of a great Character in Latin 28. The London Dispensatory in Latin a small Book in Twelves 29. Chymistry made easie and useful Or the Agreement and Disagreement of Chymists and Galenists By Dr. Cole c. 30. A New Art of Physick by Weight or five hundred Aphorismes of Insensible Transpiration Breathing or vapor coming forth of the Body By Dr. Cole c. Divinity Books Printed by Peter Cole c. Eighteen Several Books of Mr. Burroughs's viz. on Matth. 11. 1 Chrâ—sts Cal to all those â—hat are weary and heavy laden to come to him for rest 2 Christ the great Teacher of Souls that come to him 3 The only easie way to Heaven 4 The Excellency of Holy Courage in Evil times 5 Gospel Reconciliation 6 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment 7 Gospel-Worship 8 Gospel-Conversation 9 A Treatise of Earthly Mindedness and of Heavenly 10 An Exposition of the Prophesie of Hoseah 11 The sinfulness of Sin 12 Of Precious Faith 13 The Christians living to Christ upon 2 Cor. 5.15 14 A Catechism 15 Moses Choice c. 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aforesaid The Diet. As concerning the Diet in this case take this for a brief Directory Let all the Meats and Drinks be such as render the lower belly loose and slippery or as we use to express it in one only word Soluble and in the next place let them be such as are easily concocted but withal such as afford but little nourishment Let their Wine be thin and wel diluted i. e. made smal with Water Much fasting and a more than ordinary frequent abstinence from food and in a word a continual spare diet exceedingly furthereth the diminution of Corpulency Let them likewise accustom themselves to much and often exercise of the body by al means carefully avoiding a sedentary life And Galen tels us in his 14. Book of the Method of Curing and Chap. 15. where he professedly treats of the Cure of extream fatness and Corpulency that he on a time perfectly cured a man aged about fourty yeers who was exceeding fat and gross even to the admiration of al that beheld him and this he did partly by an Antidote compounded and prepared of Sal-theriack against the affects and diseases of the Joynts and partly likewise by the administring of the right Theriaca or Treacle made of Vipers as also by an extenuating Diet after it and for his exercise swift running was enjoyned him He saith moreover that he fitted and prepared this person for this exercise of running by a gentle and easie chafing and rubbing of him with hard and rough rubbing-cloaths made of new linnen cloth until the skin became red and then immediately upon the rubbing he anointed him with an Oyl that had in it some digestive Medicament and this Oyl the party was also to use as abovesaid after his running and more than usual exercise Chap. 5. Of an Inflammation BUt now that we may come to treat of Tumors properly so called arising from the blood those Tumors are indeed wondrous frequent and they appear very commonly in regard that they proceed not only of and from themselves but they likewise happen and follow upon divers other affects as Wounds Fractures disjoyntings and the like And this Tumor from the Blood is by the Grecians named Phlegmone by the Latines an Inflammation But now the word Phlegmone hath been very variously and in a far differing sence made use of by the ancient Physitians and those of later standing For with Hippocrates and generally al the Physitians before Erasistratus the word Phlegmone was used to signifie al sorts of Phlogosies that is every kind of extraordinary heat exceeding the bounds and transcending the limits of Nature although it be without any afflux of matter or any kind of swelling whatsoever But after Erasistratus his daies the word Phlegmone was accustomarily used to denote those Tumors alone in which there was not only a vehement and fiery inflamed heat but likewise also therewithal a certain kind of renitency or resistance and a beating in the part with a more than ordinary redness of color all which last mentioned Species of Tumors Hippocrates was wont to call Oedemata sclera and epodyna that is to say hard callous and painful swellings as Galen hath observed in his second Book of the difference of Respiration or breathing Chap. 7. and in his Book 3. Chap. 5. upon the fift Book of Hippocrates his Aphorisms Aphor. 65. and in his fourth Book of the Course of Diet in acute Diseases Tome 21. Comment 3. upon Hippocrates his Book of Fractures text 5. and elsewhere The subject of an Inflammation But now that we may make it apparent and manifest what an Inflammation is and how to be defined we wil in the first place exactly weigh and consider the subject and cause thereof for as for the form thereof it is of it self sufficiently evident and perspicuous Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 2. expresseth the subject by these terms Moria sarcode partes carnosas that is to say fleshy parts For he there tels us that the word Phlegmone ought to be used concerning those parts which are affected with a greater swelling than ordinary and which are ful of flesh stretched forth resisting grieved with a beating pain and therewithal somwhat reddish Whether the flesh alone may be inflamed Which Assertion of his notwithstanding seems to have in it somthing that is very doubtful and that may wel be questioned For a Phlegmone happeneth likewise unto the Membranous parts as to instance in a Pleurisie the Membrane that girts about and encompasseth the Ribs is inflamed in the Phrensie the Membranes of the Brain and so in like manner the smal Vessels and Membranes of the eyes suffer an Inflammation in the affect which we cal Ophthalmia or an Inflammation in the uppermost skin of the eye Neither are besides the flesh only the Membranous parts subject unto Inflammation but also the glandulous or kernelly parts are often inflamed and swollen up by reason of the blood flowing into them And last of al not only the musclely flesh but likewise also the substances of all the other bowels which have their flesh much differing from that of the Muscles are oftentimes afflicted with Inflammations as it is most apparently manifest in the Inflammations of the Liver Spleen Brain and all the rest of the Entrails And this very Truth Galen himself waves not neither doth he pass it over in silence whenas neer about the close of the Chapter alleadged he thus writes But likewise also in process of time the skin it self saith he takes unto it self somthing of a fluid and fluxile Nature as also do the Tunicles of the greater Vessels and so likewise even the Membranes themselves in the part inflamed and moreover also even the Nerves and Tendons themselves in process of time are made to partake of this very same Inflammation Thus much Galen himself acknowledgeth But now that we may the better acquit our selves in this present Controversie we must know that by the abovesaid Moria sarcode or fleshy parts we are not only to understand the flesh of the Muscles which indeed is flesh in the most proper acceptation of the word but we are likewise thereby to understand the several fleshes of the bowels which we evermore term Parenchymata Moreover also under the notion of a fleshy part are comprehended all the parts that are glandulous or kernelly yea likewise even the parts that are Membranous For these also may be said to have a flâ—sh peculiar and proper to themselves as Galen writes upon this very subject in the 10. Book of his Method of Physick Chap. 11. In each one of the Primary and simple parts there is saith he one part or portion of the substance thereof which is as it were fibrous another that is Membranous and a third that is fleshy As for example whenas a Vein hath but one only Tunicle and that likewise very thin we may even then and there discover many of the fibres in this one thin Tunicle which are interserted as
in their bathings and these Asiaticks place almost al their whol delight in their Baths imitating the magnificence of the Ancients in their stately structures for this very purpose and with emulation endeavoring to exceed them in this their luxury and prodigality For there in their Baths are al things to be had that may possibly be desired either for health or pleasure touching which see further in Prosper Alpinus his third Book of the Egyptian Medicam Chap. 15 16. and so the following even unto the end of that Book But now as for the Cure of a particular Atrophy The Cure of a particular Atrophy Galen in his Book of the Office of a Physician Chap. 3. Text 32. and in his fourteenth Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 16. hath taken great pains to shew us in what manner it is to be performed For whenas the private parts do wither away and are extenuated by reason of the hinderance of the afflux of the Aliment and the languishing heat of the part the Physitian ought then to use his utmost endeavor that so strength and heat may again be restored unto the part and that the afflux of blood unto the part may again be procured Those means that restore strength and heat unto the part are a gentle and moderate rubbing of the Member Motion and the suppling of it with warm water the same means do likewise draw and allure the blood unto the part Now this friction and suppling with warm water ought so long and no longer to be continued until the part be made somwhat red and be as it were a little swoln but not so long until it be again asswaged and fallen The parts may likewise be fomented or if their condition wil bear it even soaked and bathed in baths made of Sage the tops of Juniper Lovage Lavender Mallows and Marsh-mallows with which when the part is sufficiently fomented it may afterwards he anointed with Oyls or convenient Unguents Vnguents There are many such like Unguents and Emplasters to be had as for instance TakeVnguent Dialthaea Aragon and Martiatum of each one ounce and half Oyl of Lawrel of Spike and of Castoreum of each two drams Mingle them and make an Vnguent Or Take Mans Fat the Yew Tree of each as much as you wil the Pouder of Savine as much as will suffice and make an Vnguent Or Take Bdellium Opopanax of each one ounce Dissolve them in Wine and strain them Then add of Hogs fat three ounces Goose fat and Hens fat of each one ounce Oyl of old Olives four ounces Turpentine and Wax of each one ounce mingle them over the fire and boyl them until the Wine be consumed and at length add of the Pouder of Mastick Frankincense and Fenugreek of each one ounce and make an Vnguent Emplasters There may likewise such a like Emplaster be imposed Viz. Take Wax Rosin Turpentine of each one pound mingle them upon the fire and afterwards add of Mastick Frankincense Galbanum Saffron long Pepper Cinnamom Nutmeg Mace Cloves Zedoary Galangal Ginger Grains of Paradise and Nettle seed of each half an ounce and make an Emplaster Or Take the Leaves of Lovage fresh and new the tops of Savine and Juniper of each two handfuls Camomile flowers half a handful Juniper Berries half an ounce when you have sliced and bruised them wel then pour upon them the Oyl of Bayes and Lillies as much as wil serve to cover them all of Hogs Grease three ounces of Wine two ounces boyl them until all the moisture be wasted and then add Oyl of Spike and Juniper Berries of each one dram Mustard seed poudered one ounce the Root of Pellitory three drams Mustard two drams Wax as much as will suffice and so make a Liniment A Fomentation For those that are offended by Remedies that are fat they may have a Fomentation made of the Water following wherewith the Member may be bathed Viz. Take Castoreum one dram long Pepper Pellitory Grains of Paradise of each two drams the Berries of Spurge-Olive by the Greeks called Coccognidia or of Nettle half an ounce Rocket one dram and half Juniper Berries one handful Sage Mint Organy Mother of Thyme St. Johns wort of each one handful Spirit of Wine three pints destil them or at least let them stand infusing a long while to wit for some certain daies time and afterwards let them be strained Dropax After this the Ancients did also on the fourth day administer those Remedies that were vulgarly called Pications Now a Dropax or Pication was a Medicament that they made of Pitch dissolved in Oyl with which blood-warm they made a Liniment for the extenuated part and there they kept it on until it was cold then they removed it and applied a fresh one and this was often repeated until at length the part became red and turgid or puffed up Then after this the Pication being removed they anoynted the Member with the Oyl of sweet Almonds or some kind of fat and in the Evening the same was repeated as before and in this manner they handled the part so long until it again waxed thicker Epicrusis and Catacrusis Which if they could not effect by the said pication the Ancient Greek Physitians then made use of a Remedy that was by them termed Epicrusis and Catacrusis i. e. a Percussion For they smote the lean part with certain Fetula's provided purposely for this use untill such time as the part became turgid swoln and red and then immediately thereupon they anoynted it with some fat Medicament or other but our Physitians for these Percussions do make use of those Nettles that are Green and Stinging THE FIFTH BOOK THE SECOND PART Of Vlcers Chap. 1. Of the Nature and Differences of an Ulcer ALthough the word Helcas Vlcus an Ulcer be in general taken for every solution of Continuity in a soft part as we may see in Galen his thirteenth Book of the Method of Physick Chap. ult where he under the same signification comprehendeth likewise a Wound that is properly so called in which manner Celsus in his fifth Book and Chap. 6. doth oftentimes without any difference at all take both a Wound and an Ulcer yet notwithstanding properly in special the solution of Continuity with magnitude diminished in a soft part having its original from a corroding matter is called an Ulcer To wit a Wound and an Ulcer differ in this An Vlcer what it is properly that in a Wound there is only a solution of Unity but there is not any thing of the part necessarily lost but in an Ulcer there is somthing diminished and lost from the part affected and if nothing else yet at least the Scarf-skin For seeing that an Ulcer is alwaies from a corroding Cause it cannot possibly be but that something must be taken away from the part For although in an Ulcer there be somtimes some kind of superfluous flesh growing forth yet notwithstanding there is nevertheless the Skin yea
Diagnostick Ulcers with the afflux of humors are known First by the Tumor or Swelling that appeareth not only in the lips but likewise in the neet adjoyning parts And then next of all from the pain which is very grievous and troublesome unto the sick Person especially if the Nervous parts be affected Thirdly from the great store of excrements which is far greater than what it was wont to be proportionably according to the magnitude or bigness of the Ulcer And lastly albeit there be likewise administred all things that are necessarily required unto the Cure thereof yet we find the Cure of them very difficult in regard that the flowing humors hinder the Cure Prognosticks 1. All Ulcers as we said but now with an afflux of the humors are very hard to cure in regard that from the afflux of the humors the Ulcer is rendered moist gains growth and increase thereby swelleth up and the pain is likewise hereby xcited 2. But by how much the asslux of the humor is greater and by how much also the humor that floweth thereto is the worse by so much the more difficult will it be to Cure the Ulcer The Cure First of all therefore in regard that the Ulcer cannot be cured unless the Flux be removed therefore the Flux it self with all its Causes is to be taken away and thereupon whether in the whole body or else by the default and something far amiss in the Liver or the Spleen the vitious humor be generated the generating of it is to be hindered and prevented and so much thereof as is already flown in is in a convenient manner to be prepared and evacuated touching which very thing we have already elswhere spoken at large Moreover lest that the humor should flow unto the affected part it is to be drawn back intercepted and driven back Among the Revulsive Aids and Remedies in the first place we esteem and account of Issues that are made in the contrary part because that the Humor that floweth unto the part affected they evacuate and empty it forth by some other place And these Issues are indeed oftentimes very necessary in old inveterate Ulcers For when Nature hath been now of a long time accustomed to evacuate the vitious humors by the exulcerated part if the ulcer be altogether closed and that there be any of the vitious humors heaped up there it may easily then come to pass that these humors regurgitate and flow back again into the Veins and so rush into some more noble part but al this may be prevented by a Fonticle or Issue But the aforesaid Defensives do intercept which are to be imposed above the exulcerated part in the sound part toward the root of the Vessels in those places where the Veins being bigger do appear more conspicuously which said Vessells through which the humor floweth they strengthen and shut up and withal drive back the humor And they are formed out of those Medicaments that are dry and astringent such as are Bole-armenick Dragons blood Flowers of Red Roses Pomegranate flowers the Rinds of Pomegranates Myrtle Allum with the white of an Egg Oyl of Myrtle Oyl of Roses autere or sharp Wine astringent Waters Out of which Cataplasms or other Medicaments are prepared But then unto the part affected it self Repellers are to be applied that so the Humors that do as yet fluctuate in the Vessels of the affected part may be repelled And therefore the exulcerated part or the parts neer unto it are to be washed with Allum Water the Water or Decoction of Plantane of Roses of Pomegranate flowers the Roots of sweet Cyperus Cinquefoyl and the like but the neer adjacent parts are to be anointed with the unguent of Bole. And in the middle of the Ulcer there is a drying Pouder to be laid on of Litharge Tutty Lead Corals Bole-armenick Chalcitis the white unguent of Rhasis and unguent Diapompholyx In a word the Sarcoticks ought here to be stronger than in the simple ulcer that is not pestered with this flux that so they may throughly dry up the humor that sticketh in the pores of the parts and yet nevertheless they must be such as are without any mordacity at al that so there may be no pain excited As Take Turpentine one ounce the Suet of a Bull half an ounce burnt Lead an ounce Tutty prepared half an ounce Mingle them c. But yet nevertheless if the matter be crude and biting some Frankincense is to be added to further the Concoction of the humor Touching the form of the Medicaments this is to be observed that they be not of a moist consistence not Oyly and fat in regard that they do more loosen and moisten the part as Galen tels us in his first Book of the Composition of Medicaments Chap. 6. and in his fourth Book of the Composition of Medicaments Chap. 1. 13. And yet nevertheless we are not alwaies to persist in one and the same kind of Medicaments For it oftentimes so happeneth that what did once or twice do good may afterwards the humor being any waies dried up prove prejudicial and hurtful by exciting a morâ—dication or biting and there the Medicament is then to be changed and one more gentle to be administred in the place thereof After that the ulcer is filled up with flesh the Cicatrice is at length to be brought over it by Epuloticks Guido in his Tract 4. Doct. 1. Chap. 2. upon such ulcers as these adviseth us to lay on a thin Leaden Plate with a hole bored through it For Lead being thus beaten into a thin Plate cooleth and therefore is of special use in such like ulcers if a fitting Ligature be added in regard that it presseth forth the humor out of the part affected and hindereth the influx thereof into the part exulcerated Chap. 5. Of the sordid putrid and corroding Ulcer THe moist ulcers that are accompanied with an afflux of Humors are for the most part thereby made sordid and soul such as the Greeks cal Rupara to wit if that thick and snotty excrement which in special they cal Sordes flow forth and putrid if the said excrement breath forth a grievous and noysom smel like unto that of a dead Carkass For sordid and putrid ulcers as Guido in his Tract 4. Doct. 1. Chap. 3. telleth us differ only in degrees viz. in this That the one is such in a greater the other in a less degree For if the excrements of the ulcer be simply thick and sordid then we cal it a sordid ulcer but if they likewise receive a putridness insomuch that they putrefie and corrupt the flesh that lieth under it and also the softer parts so that there breath forth from thence a noysom and unsavory vapor then it is called a putrid ulcer The Causes The nighest Causes of this ulcer are depraved humors malignant and such as receive an extraneous and moist heat and putridness And indeed these humors either they flow unto the part affected
it may thus be known If that which is touched by the Instrument be soft and the Pus that floweth forth be white and in great abundance it then sheweth that the Fistula sticketh in the Skin alone But if it penetrate and reach even unto the Nerve then there wil be great pain perceived when the depth of the Sinus is searcht unto and the Pus that is evacuated is indeed white but then it is very thin and in less plenty and the action of that Member unto which the Nerve tendeth is rendred more difficult If it penetrate unto a Bone there is then present a pain in the very time of making the tryal and discovery and that unto which the lowest end of the searching Instrument reacheth is hard and maketh resistance And the Bone is then indeed found and perceived to be equal and smooth if it be not as yet become rotten and corrupted but if putridness hath seized even upon the Bone it self also it then appeareth rough and unequal unto the touch and the Pus flowing forth waxeth black and is of a very ill savor But if the Sinus reach unto a Vein or an Artery and this Vein or Artery be not indeed corroded and eaten through then there is somthing issuing forth that is like unto Feces or Dreggs For the Blood sweating through by the Pores of a Vein or an Artery is mingled together with the humidity of the Ulcer and thence it is that what floweth forth appeareth feculent or dreggy But if the Vein or the Artery be eaten through then sometimes there wil blood break out and flow forth and this wil be very red and with a kind of leaping or dancing motion and with a tickling if it come from an Artery but more thick and dark if it issue forth from a Vein Prognosticks 1. Simple or single Fistula's that are yet but new begun which are in the fleshy parts alone not deep in young vigorous bodies and such as are of a good Constitution are easily cured but more difficultly those wherein many parts are corroded and eaten quite through such as are old and inveterate without any sense and feeling deep ful of turnings and having divers and different hollow Nooks such as are neerly situate unto noble and principal Members and when they are in old and decaied bodies and such as abound with ill humors 2. And so are those in like manner very dangerous and hardly cured or rather indeed altogether incurable that reach even unto the heads of the Muscles unto the Veins unto the Arteries unto the Nerves the Bones the Joynts and the very Vertebrae of the Back that reach and extend unto the Cavities of the Bellies as the Thorax or the Abdomen or Paunch or even such as penetrate likewise unto the very Bowels themselves as the Lungs Womb Intestines and also unto the very Bladder it self For why such like Fistula's as these either they wil not bear nor admit of any Medicaments or it may happen likewise that the Medicaments cannot possibly attain and reach unto them 3. Yea some certain Fistula's there are that indeed ought not to be cured to wit such as are old and inveterate as having been of long continuance and such as are removed from the noble parts and such as by the superfluous and vitious humors have now of a long time been accustomed to be purged and emptied forth For such like Fistula's as these in regard that they preserve men from divers Diseases are by no means to be closed up because that when they are shut up they cause and procure very many Diseases as Hippocrates hath it in his sixth Book of Epidem Comment 3. Text 39. But on the Contrary if they shal at any time chance to be closed and shut up they are then again to be opened The Cure Now the Cure of these Fistula's is twofold one the true and perfect Cure the other only palliative as they call it or imperfect to wit such as wherein the Fistula is dryed up within and consolidated without the Sinus nevertheless stil remaining Which kind of Cure Galen seemeth to hint unto us in his Book of Tumors Chap. 4. where he hath these words Yet nevertheless saith he the Sinus is streightned and closed together as being throughly dryed by the Medicaments insomuch that the part may seem to have attained unto a soundness no way to be found fault with For evermore indeed if any one continually using an exact and accurate Diet cometh by this means to have his Body very healthful and sound and very free from superfluities the Sinus then remaineth restrained and kept in But so soon as any superfluity is collected and gotten together it is again filled up and so there appeareth to be again the same Impostume that there was from the very first and so again it is evacuated as is fitting with Medicaments and then it is dried and by these means it is restrained and kept in and all this is evermore done with much more ease unto the sick Party then in those that have the Impostume newly begun in them For neither do the parts that are so far divided and separated yet feel or are in the least sensible of pain for now although they are far distant one from another yet nevertheless they are very speedily filled up the Sinus easily and soon receiving that that floweth unto it And the truth is Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente is of Opinion that this kind of Cure is not altogether to be despised and contemned For sometimes as he writeth this succeeded wel unto him although not alwaies Now the Cure is performed the body being first of all purged and a fitting Course of Diet ordained and afterwards the Tents and Fistula being taken away and a new Spunge throughly soaked in a liquor that is strongly drying being applied and fast bound upon the place such as is the water of hot Baths Ley Lime-water and the like For by this means the mouth of the Fistula shutteth again together so that the Fistula may seem whol and sound which indeed somtimes by the benefit only and operation of the Native heat doth altogether coalesce and grow together again but for the most part it remaineth closed up only so long as there are no superfluous humors collected and gotten together in the body for after that there is any humor again gotten together in the Sinus the Fistula is likewise again opened But now the true and genuine Cure of a Fistula is thus accomplished Universals in the first place are not to be omitted but a Diet is rightly to be instituted and the body throughly purged from all superfluous humors and especial care is to be taken that there may no more of the humor flow in unto the part affected Which being done before we descend unto Topical Remedies there be some that administer certain Potions that may dry the Interior parts and strengthen them and that may prepare the Fistula for Consolidation and
of all the Saunders of each two drams and half Bolearmenick one ounce the Berries and Leaves of Myrtle of each one dram Mingle them and make an Vnguent with the which let the part affected be anoynted Upon this Unguent there were imposed Linen Cloaths wel wet in the Water following and they were often renewed Take Barbers Ley two Quarts of Lupines grossy beaten three handfuls boyl them until the Lupines become soft let the Ley be strained and in the straining dissolve of Saffron two scruples Mingle them The Scarification of the place affected and the laying on of the Aegyptiack Unguent together with the Defensive was thrice repeated the first day the Water that was likewise applied The day following the corrupt flesh was cut forth and the same helps and Remedies administred The third day the corrupted flesh being wholly removed the following Digestive was imposed Take of pure Honey two ounces of Bean meal two drams of Choice Myrrh half an ounce the Whites of two Eggs Saffron six grains Mingle them and make an Vnguent And together with the foregoing Unguent there was likewise administred the Emplaster of Vigo such a one as this Take Bean meal the Meal of the bitter Vetch Orobus of Lentiles of Lupines of each four ounces Juyce of Wormwood six drams common Salt half an ounce Oxymel simplex as much as wil suffice boyl them over a gentle Fire and make an Emplaster The use of these Medicaments being for some daies continued the sick person was thereby perfectly cured Hitherunto touching Ulcers in general and particularly concerning the Gangrene and Sphacelus both that Species of them which we term Scorbutick as also those other that are so wel and commonly known It remaineth that in the next place we speak something of what is oftentimes amiss in the Skin Hair and Nails THE FIFTH BOOK THE THIRD PART Of the Vices of the Skin Hair and Nails SECT I. Of the Vices of the Skin Chap. 1. Of the color of the Skin changed in general and in special touching that blackness that is contracted from the Sun NATURE being very sollicitous and careful in the preservation of the health of Mans Body doth alwaies that which is for the best and therefore she expelleth the vitious humors that are heaped up in the body from the principal Members and the greater Vessels unto the more external parts and the superficies of the body from whence there arise many kinds of Tumors Tubercles and Pustules as likewise divers sorts of Ulcers as also divers kinds of spots and blemishes and changes of the color Whereas therefore we have already treated in the first and second Part of Tumors Tubercles Pustules and Ulcers and withal made mention there of the Measles smal Pox and certain other spots and blemishes as there is is to be seen we wil now handle those things that remain in this Part and withal we wil treat of the Vices that is to say whatsoever is amiss in the Hairs and Nails The changes of the color of the Skin And in the first place indeed for what concerneth the Vices and blemishes of the Skin the changes of its color are many and various First they are Universal and of the whol body as in the Cachexy Scurvy yellow Jaundice the white Feaver of Virgins commonly called the Green-sickness touching which we have elsewhere spoken Secondly they are particular and of some one part of the body as in a Suggillation Erysipelas Gutta Rosacea Impetigo Lichen Vitiligines touching al which we have already spoken in our handling of Tumors as also the blackness contracted from the burning of the Sun those spots and blemishes appearing in the faces of Women great with child as those they cal Ephelides and Lentigines which are spots and blemishes of a dark and reddish color that in their color and figure do very much resemble Lentilâ—s And moreover likewise those spots and blemishes which are contracted from the very birth and infancy touching which we are now to speak And first of al among these blemishes we wil speak somthing of that affect which they cal Ephelius that is to say heat-wheals or smal hard pushes in the face Where notwithstanding we must give you to understand as a little before we told you likewise that many of the Tubercles Spots and Blemishes of this kind although they are now with us commonly and generally wel known yet nevertheless by what names these like Affects were called by the Ancients is not so wel and sufficiently known And this appeareth even out of Celsus who in his sixth Book and Chap. 5. thus writeth The regarding of these Vari or Pimples Lenticulae or Freckles and Ephelides so as to cure them is but a meer folly and foppery saith he but yet nevertheless it is likewise a thing altogether impossible to take from Women the care they have of the beauty and handsomness of their faces Now then of those that we mentioned before the Vari and Lenticulae are commonly known although that species be somwhat more rare which the Greeks cal Phacos since that kind is a Lenticula somwhat more red and more unequal But at for the Ephelis the most are generally ignorant as not wel knowing what it is it being indeed nothing else but a certain roughness and an hardness of an ill color The rest of them are to be found no where in the body but only in the face but the Lenticulae are wont likewise to arise and appear in some other part And I am altogether of opinion that even our very ordinary Women are sufficiently acquainted with these Affects which said Affects notwithstanding viz. Vari Lenticulae and Ephelides what Affects they were with the Ancients is not sufficiently manifest If the Ephelis that Galen mentioneth in his seventh Book of the faculty of simple Medicaments be written by the Greek Letter ' η then without all doubt it hath its name from the Sun so that they are certain spots contracted from the Sun But Celsus unless it be an error and mistake of the book writeth the word with the Greek Ï‚ Ephelis and saith that it is a roughness and hardness of an evil color which wel agreeth not with those spots Eustachius Rudius in his second Tract second Book and Chap. 4. of the Affects of the external parts saith that the Greeks Ephelis is Panus and that Panus indeed may infect any part whatsoever of the body especially the Groyns the Abdomen the Back the Neck and the middle Region of the Breast but for the most part nevertheless as he writeth it defileth the very Forehead it self But in regard that Celsus reckons up the Ephelis among those Affects that never appear but in the Face we have therefore determined above in the first Part and 29. Chapter that those broad spots that appear about the Groyns Breast Abdomen Back and Neck and dye the said parts with a certain kind of duskishness that is one while somwhat greenish and another
of the Head alone but that Alopecia may be extended even unto the very Beard also The Causes The Cause of both these Maladies is a depraved and sharp humor of eating assunder the roots the Hair of whatsoever kind it he But for the most part notwithstanding this Malady iâ— caused by a salt flegm adust or putrified Whereupon Galen in his Book of the differences of Symptoms and Chap. 4. writeth that these Vices follow a depraved Nutrition of the Skin of the Head But that one while the Alopecia another while the Ophiasis is excited and that the Hairs do sometimes constitute a strait and direct Area and sometimes that that is winding and writhed the Cause of this is the great abundance and the quality of the matter For if there be an extraordinary great store thereof and it be likewise thin then it equally and alike eateth through the Hair in the more and greater places but if the Matter be less and mingled with a thick humor then there followeth an unequal and writhed Defluvium or shedding of the Hair because that the humors being unequal and mingled do not flow right forward but creeping along obliquely they gnaw assunder the hair The more remote Causes are the heat of the Liver and Head and especially the fault of the first and second Concoction by reason whereof salt and sharp humors are generated which although it may happen in every age yet nevertheless it happeneth more especially in Childhood and Youth and it followeth the Affects Tinea Achores and Favi by reason of the Causes that we mentioned in the Diseases of Children And somtimes likewise External and Malignant Causes make very much for the generating of this Disease among which Galen in his first Book of the Composit of Medicam according to the places Chap. 2. reckoneth up Mushroms because that they make very much for the generating of vitious and corrupt humors And hither likewise belongeth the poyson of the French Disease in regard that this also eateth through the roots of the hair which other poysons may likewise do Signs Diagnostick We have already before told you in what respects this falling of the Hair differeth from baldness and that shedding of the Hair that we call Defluvium But Alopecia differeth and is known from Ophiasis by the very figure of the Area and because that in the Alopecia the hair only falleth off without any hurt as all of the Skin But in the Ophiasis there is not only a falling off of the hair but likewise an excoriation of the Skin And the very color of the skin is also changed and in some it appeareth more whitish in some more pale and in others more black and if it be pricked there floweth forth a serous whitish blood Touching the difference between Alopecia and Ophiasis Celsus in his sixth Book and Chap. 4. hath these words That Area saith he that is termed Alopecia is dilated under all kind of Figures and it happeneth in the hair of the Head and in the Beard But that which from the likeness of a Serpent is called Ophiasis beginneth from the binder part of the Head and is not extended above two fingers in length it Creepeth on both sides the Head even unto the Ears and in some unto their Foreheads also the former of these in all Ages but this latter only in Infants But Alopecia and Ophiasis differ from Tinea in this because that in Ophiasis the Excoriation of the Skin is superficial and when it is cured the hair groweth again But in Tinea the excoriation and Ulceration is more deep and the skin is oftentimes so corrupted that the hair never groweth again As for what concerneth the signs of the Causes the Skin it self sheweth what kind of humor it is that offendeth which that it may be the more exactly known the hair that remaineth behind is to be shaven away and the Skin to be gently rubbed there are other signs also that wil instruct and teach us what kind of humor it is that aboundeth in the body The hairs likewise that grow anew by the various colour that they have according to the Nature of the peccant humor wil shew us what humor is the Cause of this Malady Prognosticks 1. Alopecia and Ophiasis although they bring not much danger along with them yet nevertheless they cause a great deformity and among the Romans those Slaves that were disfigured by the said Area and especially by the Alopecia were sold at a far lower rate then other Slaves And in our daies also these Areae in regard that they cause a suspition of the French Pox are therfore accounted very disgraceful unto him that is affected therewith 2. But whether the Ophiasis or the Alopecia may be soonest and most easily cured it is a great question among Authors and they herein much differ Celsus and Avenzoar are of Opinion that Ophiasis is more easily cured then Alopecia And on the Contrary Alexander in his first Book Chap. 2. and Serapio in his first Book Chap. 1. teach us that the Alopecia is more easily cured then Ophiasis But Celsus seemeth to speak only of the Alopecia of Infants which in the course of yeers and change of age is of it self oftentimes cured But if Alopecia and Ophiasis be such as are grown to maturity or likewise in one and the same age be compared the one with the other then the Ophiasis seemeth to be altogether the more difficult to be cured in regard that it hath its original from a matter more thick and far worse then the former and such as doth not only eat assunder the roots of the hairs but likewise even the very Skin it self which is never done in the Alopecia 3. Yet notwithstanding by how much the longer either of these Maladies hath been and continued by so much the more difficult is the Cure thereof and by how much the less while they have continued by so much the more easily are they cured 4. If by Rubbing the place become red there is then hope of Cure the sooner it is thus the more easie the Cure but if it wax not red at all then there remaineth no hope at all of any Cure 5. That kind of Areae is also the worst that hath made the Skin thick and somwhat fat and slick or slippery in all the parts affected 6. Alopecia and Ophiasis that proceed from the Leprosie are altogether incurable and that that hath its original from the French Disease is not to be Cured untill the Disease it self be Cured 7. There then shines forth some hope of a Cure to follow when the excremities of the Areae that are neerest unto the remaining hairs do again begin to send forth other hair For then those parts that are nigh unto the sound have the less receded from their Naturall State and so consequently will the sooner again return unto their Natural State and begin to produce hair The Cure If a Vitious humor abound in the whole body
that they contract these Clefts especially about the Joynts yet nevertheless this same happeneth somtimes likewise unto the Feet It may be Cured most speedily and most conveniently by this Unguent Take Litharge of Silver Myrrh and Ginger of ech alike parts bruise and pouder them very small and so with Virgins Wax Honey and common Oyl as much as wil suffice make an Vnguent unto which for the rendering it the more grateful to the smel Musk and Ambar may be added THE FIFTH BOOK THE FOURTH PART Of WOVNDS Chap. 1. Of the Nature Causes and Differences of a Wound AMong the external preternatural Affects of the Body and such as are obvious unto the senses there remain Wounds Fractures and disjoyntings of which we will now speak in order And First of all as touching a Wound that it is a solution of Unity in a part Bone and softer Cartilage is without al doubt and controversie But yet nevertheless it is sometimes taken largely and somtimes in a more strict sence Celsus taketh it in the largest sence of all whn in his fifth B. and sixth Chap. he thus writeth That Wound saith he is far worse and more dangerous which it caused only by a Bruise then that which is made by incisiom and dividing the part so that it is also far better to be wounded by a sharp and keen edged Weapon then by that that is blunt It is taken in a large acceptation when it is attributed unto all kind of solution of Unity made by any sharp instrument whether this solution be made by pricking or by cutting like as Galen in his Sixth B. of the Meth. of Physick the first and following Chap. calleth the pricking of the Nerves the wounding of them It is taken strictly when it is distinguished from a pricking that a wound is the solution of Unity in a soft part made by a Cut from any keen and cutting instrument but a pricking is that solution of unity that is caused in a soft part by a prick from an instrument that is cutting By which it appeareth that the solution of Continuity in a soft part is wider and broader then a Wound whether it be made by cutting or by pricking For Unity may also be dissolved in a soft part by a thing that is not sharp but only hard and heavy and this may be the Skin either appearing whole or even broken likewise which happeneth in those Wounds that are inflicted by Bullets from Guns Moreover also the Unity of the soft part may be dissolved by extension which in special in the similary parts is called Rupture but in the Compound Apospasma to wit when those fibrous Ligaments and Threads by which the parts are fastned together the one to the other being broken the parts themselves likewise become broken A Wound what it is By all which it appeareth that a Wound is the solution of Unity in a soft part caused by a cutting and sharp instrument But if as Guido in the Second B. of his Chirurgery and Fernelius in the seventh B of his Meth. of Physick Chap sixth rightly admonish us the Wound become sordid and foul and that some thing be by the Pus or filthy corroding matter eaten away from the substance of the wounded part then the Wound passeth into an Ulcer or certainly we may very well say that an Ulcer is conjoyned with the said Wound The truth indeed is that Rudius in his B. of Wounds and first Chap. doth impugn this Opinion but al to little purpose For neither is it absurd as he without Reason thinketh that one Disease should be changed into another or that one should be added and Joyned to another The Wound and Ulcer they are both of them the solution of Unity in the soft part buâ— the Wound is made by section of cutting alone whereas the Ulcer is caused within it by Erosion and therefore it is that in an Ulcer there is somwhat that is lost from the substance of the part If therefore in a Wound of any part somthing shall be Eaten away and consumed from the substance of the flesh it is then altogether to be granted that now there is likewise present even an Ulcer also Which nevertheless is not so to be taken as though so soon as ever on the fourth day the Pus or filthy corrupt matter doth begin to appear in the Wound that then likewise an Ulcer may be said to be present For that said Pus proceedeth from the blood that is shed forth without the Veins or some Aliment that sticketh in the Capillary Veins and spaces of the parts neither is there then any thing Eaten away from the substance of the part But if there be so great an abundance of the Pus gathered together whatsoever the Cause thereof be that somthing be Eaten away from the substance of the part then it cannot be denied but that there is an Ulcer likewise present seeing that there are then present all things that are required unto the Essence of an Ulcer and in this Case the Cure is no longer to be ordered as in a single and simple Wound but as in an Ulcer But since that a Wound is to be accounted in the number of Diseases there may be enquiry made and that upon good grounds what actions they are that are hurt thereby Unto which it may be rightly answered that all the Actions of the said part and the severall uses thereof unto which the part is destined are hurt by the Wound whether that part perform those actions either as a similary or as an instrumental part That the Organical Actions may oftentimes be hurt by a Wound to wit when the part destined for motion is Wounded cannot be denied â—t being a thing so manifest since that the wounded Member can no longer be moved in a due and right manner As likewise the Vein that is cut assunder can no longer convey the blood unto the part for the nourishment thereof neither a dissected Artery the vital blood and spirits or a Nerve the Animal Spirits But indeed the truth is that the temperament of the part is not next of all and immediatly hurt by the Wound but yet never the less it is mediatly hurt to wit when the Vessels being cut assunder and the blood poured forth the heat of the part is withal dissipated and the influx of the Blood spirits and heat flowing in this last being so necessary and requisite unto the temperament of the part is altogether hindred For all which Causes the attraction of the part the Concoction the Nutrition and the expulsion is hurt And from hence it happeneth that the temperament being changed there are more Excrements generated in that part then otherwise were wont to be And from thence also it proceedeth that the Pus is not presently generated in the very beginning of the Wound but afterward to wit about the fourth day when the heat of the part that was dissipated is again restored The Use is
from Christs Priestly Office 8. Satans Power to tempt and Christs Love to and Care of his People under Temptation 9. Thankfulness required in every Condition 10 The Spiritual Actings of Faith through Natural Impossibilities 11 Evangelical Repentance 12 The Spiritual Life and In being of Christ in all Beleevers c. Four New Books of Mr. Sydrach Sympson 1. Of Unbelief 2. Of not going to Christ 3. Of Faith 4. Of Coveteousness Mr. Hookers New Books in three Volumes One in Octavo and two in Quarto Mr. Rogers on Naaman A Godly and fruitful Exposition on the first Epistle of Peter By Mr. John Rogers Minister of the word of God at Dedham in Essex The wonders of the Load-stone By Samuel Ward of Ipswich An Exposition on the Gospel of the Evangelist St. Matthew By Mr. Ward THE CONTENTS OF THE Art of Chirurgery Explained in SIX PARTS PART I. Of Tumors CHAP. 1. Of the Nature Causes and Differences of Tumors Page 2401 Chap. 2. Of Tumors arising from Humors in general Page 2407 Chap. 3. Of Impostumes Page 2411 Chap. 4. Of extream Corpulency or overmuch fleshinss Page 2416 Chap. 5. Of an Inflammation Page 2420 Chap. 6. Of the Sinus in the Tumor Page 2441 Chap. 7. Of the Tumor Erysipelas or Rosa Page 2445 Chap. 8. Of a Bubo Page 2446 Chap. 9. Of the Tumor Furunculus Page 2448 Chap. 10. Of the Tumor Phyma Page 2449 Chap. 11. Of the Tumor Phygethlon Page 2450 Chap. 12. Of the Tumor Parotis ibid. Chap. 13. Of a Carbuncle Page 2453 Chap. 14. Of the Tumor Paronychia Page 2459 Chap. 15. Of Perniones or Kibes Page 2460 Chap. 16. Of the Tumor Ecchymoma Page 2462 Chap. 17. Of the Tumor Herpes Page 2467 Chap. 18. Of the Tumor Oedema Page 2470 Chap. 19. Of a Scirrhus Page 2473 Chap. 20. Of a Cancer Page 2476 Chap. 21. Of a Watry Tumor Page 2481 Chap. 22. Of Exanchemata Ecchymata Papulae Pustulae Phlyctenae and Eczesmata Page 2482 Chap. 23. Of Vari or Pimples Page 2484 Chap. 24. Of Sudamina and Sirones Page 2485 Chap. 25. Of Epinyctides and Terminthi Page 2486 Chap. 26. Of Essere Page 2487 Chap. 27. Of Scabies or Scabiness Page 2488 Chap. 28. Of Lepra of the Greeks Page 2495 Chap. 29. Of Vitilligo or Leuce and Alphus Page 2497 Chap. 30. Of the Tumors Impetigo and Lichen Page 2500 Chap. 31. Of Gutta Rosacea Page 2502 Chap. 32. Of Crusta Lactea Achores Favi Tinea Ficus Helcydrium Psydracia and Phthiriasis Page 2504 Chap. 33. Of Strumae and Scrofulae Page 2506 Chap. 34. Of Ganglium and Nodi Page 2507 Chap. 35. Of Meliceris Atheroma and Steatoma Page 2510 Chap. 36. Of Testudo Talpa or Topinaria and Natta Page 2513 Chap. 37. Of Verrucae or Warts Page 2514 Chap. 38. Of Cornua Page 2517 Chap. 39. Of Fungi Page 2518 Chap. 40. Of Tumors Malignant and Poysonous and in special of Elephantiasis Page 2520 Chap. 41. Of a flatulent or windy Tumor Page 2527 Chap. 42. Of Tumors proceeding from the solid parts falling down into or resting upon some other parts in general Page 2528 Chap. 43. Of Aneurysma Page 2529 Chap. 44. Of the swoln Veins called Varices Page 2533 Chap. 45. Of the Elephantiasis of the Arabians Page 2537 Chap. 46. Of Particular Tumors Page 2538 PART II. Of Vlcers Chap. 1. Of the Nature and Differences of an Vlcer Page 2544 Chap. 2. Of a simple or single Vlcer Page 2546 Chap. 3. Of an Vlcer with a Distemper Page 2553 Chap 4. Of an Vlcer with the afflux of Humors Page 2556 Chap. 5. Of the Sordid Putrid and Corroding Vlcer Page 2557 Chap. 6. Of an Vlcer with Tumors Page 2559 Chap. 7. Of proud flesh growing forth in Vlcers Page 2560 Chap. 8. Of an Vlcer that is wan and Callus ibid. Chap. 9. Of Vlcers that are hallowed and furrowed Page 2561 Chap. 10. Of Fistula's Page 2563 Chap. 11. Of an Vlcer with Vermine or Worms breeding therein Page 2568 Chap. 12. Of a Varicose Vlcer ibid. Chap. 13. Of an Vlcer with the rottenness of a Bone Page 2569 Chap. 14. Of Vlcers hard to be cured commonly called Cacoethe Telephium and Chironium Page 2572 Chap. 15 Of the Vlcer Phagedaena Page 2574 Chap. 16 Of an Vlcer with pain Page 2576 Chap. 17 Of the Vlcers of the Legs and other particular Vlcers ibid. Chap. 18 Of Burnings Page 2577 Chap. 19 Of a Gangrene and Sphacelus Page 2584 PART III. Of the Vices of the Skin Hair and Nails SECT I. Of the Vices of the Skin Chap. 1. Of the color of the Skin changed in general and in special touching that blackness that is contracted from the Sun Page 2598 Chap. 2 Of the Ephelides in Women with Child Page 2600 Chap. 3 Of Lentigines Pimples or specks in the Face ibid. Chap. 4 Of Cosmetical or Beautifying Medicaments Page 2601 Chap. 5 Of those they cal Mother Spots or Blemishes Page 2604 Chap. 6 Of the Volatick or flitting spots of Infants Page 2605 Chap. 7 Of the spots and blemishes that the Germans cal Hepatick or Liver-spots ibid. Chap. 8 Of the Itch Page 2606 Chap. 9. Of the ill and offensive Smel Page 2608 PART III. SECT II. Of things amiss in the Hair and Nails Chap. 1. Of the Nature of the Hairs Page 2611 Chap. 2 Of things amiss in the Hair and first of Baldness and want of a Beard Page 2613 Chap. 3 Of the shedding of the Hair Page 2616 Chap. 4 Of Alopecia and Ophiasis Page 2618 Chap. 5 Of Tinea or Worms eating off the roots of the Hair Page 2621 Chap. 6 Of the Cleaving of the Hair Page 2622 Chap. 7 Of hoariness in the Head and Beard ibid Chap. 8 Of the Scurfiness and Dandrif of the Head Page 2626 Chap. 9. Of Plica Polonica Page 2627 Chap. 10 Of the Vices of the Nails Page 2643 PART IV. Of Wounds Chap. 1 Of the Nature Causes and Differences of a Wound Page 2593 Chap. 2 Of the Diagnostick Signs Page 2595 Chap. 3 Of the Prognosticks and the foretelling of the Event of Wounds ibid. Chap. 4 Of the Cure of Wounds and first of all touching the Indications Page 2614 Chap. 5 Of things extraneous and from without that are to be taken forth of a Wound Page 2616 Chap. 6 Of the Provision that is necessarily to be made for the binding up of Wounds Page 2619 Chap. 8 Of the Swathing of wounded parts Page 2622 Chap. 8 Of those Medicaments that are necessary for the Curing of Wounds Page 2628 Chap. 9 My Judgment touching the Method of Caesar Magatus and Ludovicus Septalius in their Curing of Wounds Page 2639 Chap. 10 Of the Weapon Salve Page 2654 Chap. 11 Of altering Medicaments and Vulnerary Potions Page 2663 Chap. 12 Of the Diet of Wounded Persons Page 2667 Chap. 13 Of keeping the flux of humors from the Wounded part Page 2669 Chap. 14 Of the Wounds of the Veins and Arteries and of the stopping the Haemorrhage in Wounds Page 2671 Chap. 15 Of the Wounds of
the Nerves and Tendons in general and of the pricking of the Nerves Page 2674 Chap. 16 Of the downright Wounds of the Nerves as also of the Ligaments by Cutting Page 2683 Chap. 17 Of the Wounds of the Joynts Page 2685 Chap. 18 Of a Wound with a Contusion Page 2687 Chap. 19 Of Wounds caused by the biting of Living Creatures Page 2689 Chap 20 Of Wounds by Gun-shot Page 2691 Chap. 21 Of Poysoned Wounds Page 2704 Chap 22 Of Particular Wounds Page 2710 Chap. 23 Of the Diseases and Symptoms that happen unto Wounds ibid. Chap. 24 Whether it be Lawful for a Christian by Amulets the Greeks cal them Periapta we Preservatives or else by hanging Seals about their bodies or by the like means to defend and preserve themselves from all danger by Weapons Page 2716 PART V Of Fractures Chap. 1. Of Fractures and the Cure of them in General Page 2727 Chap. 2 Of a Fracture with a Wound Page 2739 Chap. 3 Of a Fracture with a Wound in which there is no bone made bare and yet nevertheless a Cause to fear the falling forth of some fragments of the broken bone Page 2742 Chap. 4 Of the preternatural Affects that happen unto Fractures Page 2744 Chap. 5 Of Distorted and ill set Bones Page 2745 Chap. 6 Of Correcting the Callus that is greater or less then what it ought justly to be Page 2746 Chap. 7 Of the Slenderness and Weakness of the Member Page 2747 Chap. 8 Of the Fracture of the Arm. Page 2748 Chap. 9 Of the Fracture of the Shoulder Page 2749 Chap. 10. Of the Fracture of the Leg Page 2750 Chap. 11 Of the Fracture of the Thigh Page 2751 Chap. 12 Of the Fracture of the Nose Page 2753 Chap. 13 Of the Fracture of the Jaw bone Page 2754 Chap. 14 Of the Fracture of the Channel bone or the Bone of the Throat Page 2755 Chap. 15 Of the Fracture of the Shoulder-blade Page 2756 Chap. 16 Of the Fracture of the Sternum or Breast-bone Page 2757 Chap. 17 Of the Fracture of the Ribbs Page 2758 Chap. 18 Of the Fracture of the Spina Dorsi or Back bone Page 2760 Chap. 19 Of the Fracture of the bones of the Hand Page 2761 Chap. 20 Of the Fracture of the Hip-hone ibid. Chap. 21 Of the Fracture of the Whirlbone in the Knee ibid. Chap. 22. Of the Fracture of the Bones of the Foot Page 2762 PART VI. Of Luxations Chap. 1 Of Luxations in general Page 2669 Chap. 2 Of a Luxation with Pain Inflammation Wound Fractures Page 2672 Chap. 3 Of a Luxation of the Mandible Page 2674 Chap. 4 Of a Luxation of the Channel Bone Page 2675 Chap. 5 Of a Luxation of the Back bone and Ribs Page 2676 Chap. 6 Of a Luxation of the Shoulder Page 2677 Chap. 7 Of a Luxation of the Elbow and Radius Page 2681 Chap. 8 Of a Luxation of the Hand and its Fingers Page 2682 Chap. 9 Of a Luxation of the Thigh ibid. Chap. 10 Of a Luxation of the Patel Bone Page 2685 Chap. 11. Of the Knee Luxated ibid. Chap. 12 Of the Distraction of the Bracer Page 2686 Chap. 13 Of a Luxation of the Foot and its Bones and of the Toes bid Books Printed by Peter Cole Printer and Book-seller of LONDON at the Exchange Several Physick Books of Nich. Culpeper and A. Cole c. 1 Idea of Practical Physick in twelve Books 2 Sennertus thirteen Books of Natural Phylosophy 3 Sennertus two Treatises 1 Of the Pox. 2 Of the Gout 4 Twenty four Books of the Practice of Physick being the Works of that Learned and Renowned Doctor Lazarus Riverius 5 Riolanus Anatomy 6 Veslingus Anatomy of the Body of Man 7 A Translation of the New Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London Whereunto is added The Key to Galens Method of Physick 8 The English Physitian Enlarged 9 A Directory for Midwives or a Guide for Women 10 Galens Art of Physick 11 New Method both of studying and Practising Physick 12 A Treatise of the Rickets 13 Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the Common People 14 Health for the Rich and Poor by Dyet without Physick The London Dispensatory in Folio of a large Character in Latine The London Dispensatory in twelves a smal Pocket Book in Latin Mr. Burroughs WORKS viz. on Matth. 11. 1 Christs call to all those that are Weary and Heavy Laden to come to him for Rest 2 Christ the Great Teacher of Souls that come to him 3 Christ the Humble Teacher of those that come to him 4 The only Easie way to Heaven 5 The excellency of holy Courage 6 Gospel Reconciliation 7 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment 8 Gospel-Worship 9 Gospel-Conversation 10 A Treatise of Earthly-Mindedness 11 Exposition of the Prophesie of Hosea 12. The Evil of Evils or the exceeding sinfulness of Sin 13 Precious Faith 14 Of Hope 15 Of Walking by Faith Twenty one several Books of Mr. William Bridge Collected into two Volumns Viz. 1 Scripture Light the most sure Light 2 Christ in Travel 3 A Lifting up for the Cast-down 4 Sin against the Holy Ghost 5 Sins of Infirmity 6 The false Apostle tried and discovered 7 The good and means of Establishment 8 The great things Faith can do 9 The great things Faith can suffer 10 The Great Gospel Mystery of the Saints Comfort and Holiness opened and applied from Christs Priestly Office 11 Satans power to Tempt and Christs Love to and Care of his People under Temptation 12 Thankfulness required in every Condition 13 Grace for Grace 14 The Spiritual Actings of Faith through Natural Impossibilities 15 Evangelical Repentance 16 The Spiritual Life and in-being of Christ in all Beleevers 17 The Woman of Canaan 18 The Saints Hiding place c. 19 Christ Coming c. 20 A Vindication of Gospel Ordinances 21 Grace and Love beyond Gifts New Books of Mr. Sydrach Simpson VIZ. 1 Of Unbelief or the want of readiness to lay hold on the comfort given by Christ 2 Not going to Christ for Life and Salvation is an exceeding great Sin yet Pardonable 3 Of Faith Or That beleeving is receiving Christ And receiving Christ is Beleeving 4 Of Covetousness Mr. Hookers New Books in three Volums One in Octavo and two in Quarto These Eleven New Books of Mr. Thomas Hooker made in New-England Are attested in an Epistle by Mr. Thomas Goodwin and Mr. Philip Nye To be written with the Authors own hand None being written by himself before One Volum being a Comment upon Christ's last Prayer in the sevententh of John Ten Books of the Application of Redemption by the Effectual Work of the Word and Spirit of Christ for the bringing home of lost sinners to God Dr. Hills WORKS The Kings Tryal at the High Court of Justice Wise Virgin Published by Mr. Thomas Weld of New-England Mr. Rogers on Naaman the Syrian his Disease and Cure Discovering the Leprosie of Sin and Self-love with the Cure viz. Self-denial and Faith A Godly and
man who weighed more than four hundred pound yet notwithstanding this man appeared in publick and to tel you the whol truth in this Person Nature began to assay some certain kind of evacuation of the serous or wheyie humor by the Navel And the very same hath been found to happen unto others also in whom the Body hath attained unto so immense a bigness that they could neither move nor yet so much as breathe freely But now in such like Persons as these there is not an equal augmentation of all the parts of the Body as it is in them who grow and are naturally enlarged but only of their Flesh and of their Fat there is an excessive and over-great encrease The Causes The conjunct Cause therefore of this Tumor of the whole Body is the Flesh and the Fat. And here truly one while the Flesh and otherwhile the Fat is augmented and sometimes they are both alike encreased But the Antecedent Cause is the over-great abundance of Fat and good Blood And for this cause it is that this Tumor is referred unto Tumors proceeding from the Blood And yet notwithstanding the Reason of these is far differing from that of other Tumors arising from the Blood For the conteining Cause of bloody Tumors is the Blood but the conteining Cause of this Tumor is the Fat and Flesh and the antecedent Cause is the Blood The rest of the bloody Tumors that are properly so called spring from the Blood issuing out of the Veins or Vessels into some other places which never hapeneth in this extream and extraordinary corpulency in the which Blood is never known to fall or issue forth into other places but it is evermore put unto the Body But now what the Causes may be that much Flesh and Fat should be generated will easily and soon be discovered if we wel consider the Causes of breeding Flesh and Fat Now then Flesh is abundantly bred in those whom we call Eusarcoi that is Persons of a pure untainted and sound Flesh yet alwaies provided that the material cause of Flesh to wit nourishing Food be not wanting and likewise that the native virtue generating Flesh be as it ought to be vigorous and active That which administers matter towards the breeding of flesh is great abundance of good blood the which to produce and generate meats of a good and plentiful juyce and also a due and right temper of the Liver to wit hot and moist are evermore requisite But now again that much Flesh may be bred from much Blood it is required that there be a sound and healthful habit of Body and a good temperament of the musculous parts in the Body which said temperament is likewise hot and moist Hereunto also as we are to understand very much conduceth an easie or idle kind of life in the which there is not much Blood wasâ—ed as also the suppression of their accustomed bleedings and evacuations of Blood especially in Women As touching the original and increment of Fat many and various are the Opinions and controversies among the Physitians at this very day the which for me in this place to examin were altogether impertinent And therefore in a word we say that Fat is generated from the Oyly and fattish part of the Blood falling from out of the Veins and Arteries into the membranous parts and there digested by the innate virtue and temperate heat of the Membranes That great store of Fat should be bred in the first place the Liver is a principal cause thereof For if by reason of its excellent and perfect temperament it doth not generate either much earthy and cold nor much cholerick and hot juyce but produce a sweet fat and oyly Blood and fil the Veins and Arteries therewith and if this Blood be not consumed or wasted in the habit of the Body but that it stil continue to be more cool and moist then this Blood is there converted into Fat Ease likewise and the intermission of Exercise the retention of accustomed evacuations aliment temperately hot and moist and generally all things which either outwardly or inwardly any waies conduce to the making up of a plentifull and temperate mass of Blood or that have in them an efficacy in qualifying and allaying the over-intense heat of the Blood of the Entrails and of the habit of the Body Hence it is that Galen hath left it upon record that all Bodies tending towards a cold and moist temperament become Fat. And with this of Galen agreeth what Prosper Alpinus in his Book of the Egyptian Physitians Chap. 9. hath written his words are these The Bodies of the Egyptians saith he are hot and dry in regard that they live under the hottest and withall dry position of the Heavens but because they moderate and lessen this heat and driness by their dayly drinking of water by their continual use of meats that have in them a cooling virtue and likewise by their frequent use of Baths which they make for themselves with sweet Water their bodies hereupon become extraordinarily fat to fat that he never beheld in any part of the world in so great a number and generally such extream fat and gross Persons as he saw at Grand Cayre in Egypt For he reports that very many of them are so exceeding gross and corpulent and generally so fat in their Breasts that they have Paps of a far larger size and thicker than the greatest that ever he had observed in any Woman Other things there are which demonstrate unto us the truth of this assertion to wit that a hot temperament of the Liver makes very much for the breeding and augmenting of fat For I my self knew a Person of Honor who after he had been sick and was recovered of a malignant Feaver grew to be so extreamly fat and gross that he could very hardly move or stir himself in any place where he fat and as for the bulk of his body he came never a whit behind him whom we have formerly mentioned Signs Diagnostick As concerning Corpulency therefore it is sufficiently obvious to every mans Eye But then whether or no it only produce some kind of deformity and be no more then a Symptom or else whether it be not to be accounted a Disease or preternatural affect the hurt and offended actions wil evidence unto us of which we wil now speak Prognosticks 1. What the inconveniencies and discommodities are that this over-great fleshiness or as we term it extream Corpulency carries along with it I shal give you an account thereof in the words of Avicen that expert Arabian Physitian For thus he in his fourth Book Part 7. Tract 4. Chap. 5. Superfluous fat saith he is that which hinders the body from and in its motion walking and operation and streightning the Veins with an undue and dangerous constriction whereupon it oppilates and stops up the passages of the Spirit so that hereby it is many times extinguished and for the same reason likewise it is
any other Remedies with safety in this case be applied unless opening a Vein have the precedence and the abundance of blood be thereby diminished For if we administer remedies to drive back the body stil continuing full of blood it is greatly to be feared lest that the matter should not be received by the other parts and thereupon that it should altogether attempt a flowing unto some one or other certain particular part And as for digestives hot as they are if they should be made use of in a body that is full there might be just cause to doubt lest that there should be more matter attracted then discussed and dissipated A Purgation Moreover also albeit a Cacochymy or ill digestion and bad nutriment be not the cause of an Inflammation yet notwithstanding since it is a very rare thing to find a Body that is altogether free from this said Cacochymie it wil be very requisite to ordain a Purgation which compleated other Medicaments also are afterward to be administred with an expectation of more success and greater benefit And as we hinted to you before although Inflammations take their Original principally from the blood yet notwithstanding vitious humors very frequently give an occasion of their being as also doth the aforesaid Cacochymie and indeed herein the hot humors challenge the first place For if by these Nature be at any time stir'd up and provoked and it be so that she cannot of her self expel them then she endeavors to thrust them forth by some and some unto the other parts but when she fals short in the effecting of this also unless she should withall transmit the blood thither and that by an acrimonious humor sent unto the part a pain is excited hereupon a conflux of the blood unto that same part into which Nature assaies to empty forth the vitious humor is caused and so consequently an Inflammation is generated And from hence it is also that from a Cacochymie there is very frequently produced a Pleurisie an Inflammation or Impostume of the Lungs the Squinancy or as we use to term it the Quinsie and that kind of madness which we commonly call the Phrensie Moreover also the blood is abated and no excessive store thereof bred in the body if that meat be not taken in which either by its overgreat proportion or else by reason of its substance afford too much nourishment and exceedingly conduceth to the generating a more plentiful store of blood than is requisite Wherefore let the sick Person abstain from Wine and let him use a sparing and slender Diet which both hindreth the breeding of much blood and if it be already over-much doth by little and little lessen it But that the blood may not flow to the part affected it may be prevented if we deprive it of that which necessity requires that it should have to help forward and facilitate its motion and if we likewise correct the thinness thereof together with its overmuch aptness to motion if we obstruct and streighten the passages through which it ought to be moved and if we recall and draw it back from the part affected The blood therefore that it may be withheld from flowing unto the part affected is to be altered driven back intercepted and derived unto some other place Alteration of the blood The Alteration of the blood is altogether necessary that so if it be overhot thin and fluxile or movable it may be cooled thickned and rendred more unapt and less prone to motion and this Alteration for the most part we ought the rather to procure in regard of the Feaver which almost ever accompanieth the Phlegmone or heat of the Liver For it is a rare thing that they which are infested with an Inflammation of any part should yet not be sensible of a Feaver Wherefore we must use Medicaments made of Succory Endive Violets Lettice Sorrel Barley the greater cold Seeds the juyce of Citron of Pomegranates and such like And if the blood be more than ordinarily hot and thin we ought also then to add those things that have in them an astringent quality and such are Roses Purslane Plantane and the like But here notwithstanding we ought carefully to look to it lest that the Veins being narrow and overstreightned or there being obstructions in the Bowels by the use of these or such like astringents more obstructions should be bred or increased And then again we ought not only to administer contrary Medicaments for the altering of the blood but likewise to remove from the Patient and cause him to omit and forbear the use of such things as either introduce or augment those qualities whose absence we now require as being better than their company For instance a hot Air is to be shun'd surfeits with over-eating and drinking must be avoided and Wine forborn or if any be drank it must be that which is weak and wel diluted all kind of violent motion is to be omitted and rest rather to be indulged Wrath and venereal Embracements ought likewise here carefully to be avoided and abstained from Revulsion or drawing back ought moreover to be ordained Revulsion or drawing back and the humor is to be turn'd away unto a contrary place that is we must so order it that a contrary motion may be procured unto the humor and that it may move unto that part unto which it naturally tends so that it may not flow unto the part affected For that the turning away and drawing of an humor flowing into some part unto that which is contrary may be termed Revulsion we rightly take it for granted and by Hippocrates at the first appointed and ordained The contrariety in Revulsion For as Galen informs us in his fifth Book of the method of Physick Chap. 3. this was the invention of Hippocrates that a Revulsion should be made unto the contrary or opposite places Now although it be much controverted by Physitians what is here to be understood by this word Contrary yet notwithstanding we judg the Opinion of Gaâ—en to be very plain and perspicuous if we wel exâ—mine together what he hath here and there oftenâ—imes written upon this subject and if we take a right view of the conditions that are requisite in a Revulsion But that Galen by the word Contrary understood nothing else but the parts contrary that is far distant and remote from the part affected is every where manifested in his own writings for thus he argueth in his fourth of the meth of Physick Chap. 6. If it be a perpetual standing rule as we have learn'd from him viz. from Hippocrates that a fluxion if but beginning is to be drawn to the contraries but if already fixed in the aggrieved particle it is then to be evacuated either from the particle it self which is afflicted or else from that which is next neighboring unto it we may now hence readily conclude as to the point of this blood-letting that at first i. e. in
the beginning of the distemper it ought to be attempted from a far off but afterwards from the affected parts themselves Now what kind of remoteness and what sort of longitude he understands is explained in his fifth of the Method of Physick Chap. 3. A Revulsion saith he ought alwaies to be carried downward in those affects which are upward and upward evermore in those that are below and moreover also the Revulsion ought to be made from the right side unto those on the left and again in like manner from those unto these and semblably from those places that are internal unto such as are outwardly scituate and on the contrary from these unto those For when as the main scope of Revulsion is not to evacuate those humors which are already conteined in the part affected but those rather that are flowing thereunto and seeing it respects rather the part sending the blood than that which receives it from these premises it necessarily follows that questionless this is required in every revulsion to wit that it should by all means procure a motion contrary unto that which flows that so it may not any longer be moved unto the part affected and for this cause the revulsion must not be ordain'd either from the grieved part or from that next unto it but rather from the opposite yea and so far forth as possible it may be from the places most remote from the affected part And hence also it is that every opposition doth not constitute a contrariety neither hath every kind of opposition any place in a Revulsion but those oppositions alone which Galen in the before alleadged third Chapter of the fifth Book of his Method of Physick recites to wit upward and downward from the right side parts unto the left from the places that are within unto those that are external and so on the contrary Yet if there be only but a very smal inconsiderable distance we cannot safely nor conveniently draw back from the parts more inward to those more externally scituate but then only when the distance is greater But that opposition which is from before and behind or according to the fore parts and hinder parts hath no place in this kind of Revulsion which is so called singly and absolutely For neither if any affect shal chance to be in the backward part of the Head are the Forehead Veins forthwith to be opened by way of revulsion since that may not be done without manifest danger during the continuance of the Plethory and flowing of the humors But enough hath been said of Revulsion in the fifth Book of Institutions Part 2. Sect. 1. Chap. 18. But that we may in few words contract whatsoever hath there more at large been spoken Revulsion twofold and whatever else may be said upon this subject it is in the first place to be taken notice of that Revulsion is twofold one which is accomplished together with the evacuation of the humor such as is that which is effected by Blood-letting and Cupping-Glasses with Scarification the other which is wrought without the evacuation of the humor such as is that which is performed by Frictions or Rubbings Ligatures and Cupping-Glasses without Scarification This latter is never to be practised but when the Revulsion is to be made unto the parts most remote since that if it be instituted in the neer adjacent parts then the humor which is only stirred and not totally evacuated may without any difficulty or resistance rush upon the affected part And it is very rare and scarcely ever known that this kind of revulsion hath place or any thing to do in an Inflammation which requires a manifest sensible and suddain evacuation of the blood Furthermore Revulsion by opening of a Vein as for what concerns Revulsion which is effected by opening a Vein this one thing at least is to be observed which if it be wel heeded many intricate controversies touching the thing now in question may be determined to wit that the utmost endeavor must be used that a contrary motion may be procured unto the blood and that as much as possibly may be drawn back unto that Fountain from whence it flows And since that the Liver is the Fountain and Sourse of the blood and that the greatest store of the blood is conteined in the Vena Cava or great hollow Vein nigh about the Liver we must do our utmost that the blood which flows into the inflamed part may be drawn back towards its Spring-head yea also if it be possible unto the opposite part yet notwithstanding so that the blood which flows may be retracted and drawn back And therfore in every Revulsion this at least is to be wrought that the blood may obtain such a motion as that by it the part affected may not be injured by its immoderate conflux but that it may rather be again recalled from the diseased part But how this may be effected in every part here to declare unto you would be a business too tedious besides we have already elsewhere spoken to this very point in our treating of particular affects Revulsion when to be ordained after what manner And by what hath been said as I conjecture it is sufficiently apparent how and in what manner a revulsion is to be ordained in case of an Inflammation so that there wil not be any great need that we should add much as touching the right and due administration thereof For whereas revulsion is then only suitable and proper unto the Humors when they flow and unto them alone and not unto those which have done flowing and have seated themselves in the part affected it is hence manifest that it ought to be instituted and appointed in the very first rise of the distemper Notwithstanding this is not so to be understood as if in the first appearing of an Inflammation we were instantly to put revulsion in practice for if either there be no great store of blood or if its rushing in upon the part be not over violent and impetuous Medicaments that drive back and derive will be sufficient But then only is Revulsion to be put in practice when there is great plenty of blood and a more than usual violent and forcible rushing thereof unto the part affected and according to the greater or less proportion of this abundant blood and the more or less vehemency of its motion so answerably ought the Remedies and Medicaments that are prescribed for Revulsories or drawers back to be ordained so much the more or less strong and forcible But now that Revulsion which is made with an effusion or emptying forth of the matter must needs be greater than that which is made without it But amongst all the Remedies which we term Revulsories or drawers back the most prevalent and efficacious is the opening of a Vein which said Venesection doth more effectually or less strongly draw back accordingly as the Veins that are opened be greater or less The greater
Butter or with the fat of an Hog or with some other fit Digestive But if the hole be not wide and large enough it may very easily be dilated to wit if either a little piece of Spunge or Gentian root or Rape root dry be put thereinto For these things aforesaid when they are filled full with humidity they are then dilated and so consequently widen and enlarge the hole The Spunge is thus to be prepared the Spunge is to be wel soaked in the white of an Egg twice or thrice throughly shaken together then afterwards let it be close squeezed together on all sides and then let it be leisurely dried in the shade a smal portion of this when it is dried is to be taken and put upon the Ulcer But in regard that the crustiness thereof wil not fall off in a few daies time and that all this while the Pus or filthy corruption unless it stick immediately under the Skin is detained and imprisoned in the Impostume for this very cause if there were no other it is by far the safer way to open the Impostume with an Iron The Impostume being now opened whatever the way of opening it hath been the Pus or matter is to be evacuated but yet this needs not evermore to be wholly all at once or altogether For if the Impostume be great and contain much Pus within it neer unto the Arteries and Veins the whole matter and filth ought by no means to be evacuated all at once lest that together therewith much of the Spirits be likewise evacuated and dissipated and so by this means the sick Person should be caused to faint and swoon or be debilitated and weakned but rather the corruption is to be emptied forth by some and some especially if the Patient be weak or a Woman with Child or in case the Patient be a Child or lastly if the sick party be very aged When the Pus is evacuated if either pain manifest it self or else any reliques of the matter not suppurated appear in the circumference and it be so that the Pus it self be not wel and perfectly ripened then the pain is to be mitigated and more especially the remainder of the matter is speedily to be converted into the said Pus by some concocting Medicament which they commonly call a Digestive And such is that which is made of the Oyl of Roses and the Yelks of Eggs for it greatly mitigates the pain and helps forward the generating and breeding of the Pus so often mentioned Or Take Turpentine one ounce one Yelk of an Egg the Pouder or Dust of Frankincense one dram Oyl of Roses three drams mingle them wel together Likewise the Emplaster Diachylon simplex is very profitable in this case When this is once accomplished even while the concoction doth yet appear we must come to those things that throughly cleanse and purge it for neither can there flesh be bred nor any conglutination by drawing together the Lips of the Impostumated part be made unless the part be first cleansed Which to effect Take Clear Turpentine one ounce Honey of Roses six drams the Yelk of one Egg let them boyl together a little and afterward add of Saffron one scruple and a little quantity of Barley meal If there be need of a greater cleansing you may then add the juyce of Smallage As Take of crude Honey Barley meal of each alike one ounce of the Juyce of Smallage half an ounce Saffron half a scruple and mingle them If yet there be occasion for a more forcible cleanser there may be added of the Vngueut Egyptiack as much as wil suffice Centaury the less and round Birthwort is here likewise very useful As Take the juyce of the lesser Centaury two ounces Smallage one ounce Honey three ounces let them boyl together and after add of Barley meal and the Vetch Orobus of each six drams when they are taken from the fire add of Turpentine one ounce of the Pouder of the Flower-de-luce root one dram mingle them The Impostume being throughly cleansed such Medicaments as breed cause flesh are to be administred Now of what sort these are Galen in his third Book of the Method of Physick the second third and fourth Chapters teacheth us at larhe and we have likewise declared them in our Book of Institutions As for example Take Frankincense Mastick of each half an ounce Colophony two ounces Oyl of Roses and Honey of each as much as is sufficient let them be mingled Or Take The greater Comfrey one handful Betony Saint Johns-wort Hors-tail Grass of each half a handful boyl them in Wine and bruise them wel out of the mash of them squeez forth a Juyce and add of Frankincense and Mastick of each one ounce half Dragons blood an ounce Honey and Turpentine of each a sufficient quantity boyl them until the juyce be consumed and make an Vnguent Or Take Myrrh Aloes Sarcocol of each an ounce Honey six drams White Wine as much as wil suffice boyl them to an indifferent thickness When the Ulcer is filled up with Flesh then those Medicaments which we cal Epuloticks that is such as bring to a Scar are to be administred of which we have in like manner spoken in our Institutions such as are the Emplaster Diapalma or Diachalciteos de minio of Vigo and others which are every where known Chap. 6. Of the Sinus in the Tumor BUt it oftentimes so happeneth that although the said Pus or snotty filth be emptied forth of the Impostume yet notwithstanding it becomes again replenished from whence it comes to pass that the adjacent Skin doth not close fasten and grow together with the Flesh that is underneath it but there is a certain cavity or hollowness left to remain and at length there ariseth a certain difficulty if not impossibility of cementing and conjoyning the skin with the Bodies lying underneath which affect the Greeks cal Colpos and the Latines term it Sinus to wit when the enterance into the Impostume and Ulcer appears narrow enough but the deeper and more profound part thereof diffuseth it self into a breadth The Causes Now for the most part the Causes of this Sinus are Impostumes or Suppurated Tumors over-slowly opened or not wel cleansed For the corruption if it be longer deteined in the deep place than it ought to be acquireth a certain kind of sharp corroding quality and there causeth divers winding passages and turnings such like as we find in Coney-borrows and so unto the part in this manner affected there flow together from the neighboring parts yea from all the whole body such excrements and such humors as superabound from whence afterwards it chanceth that this kind of Sinus or windings to and fro can very hardly be conglutinated and filled up with Flesh The Differences But now of these Sinus there is an exceeding great diversity for they differ not only in the dimension of quantity that one should be less and shorter and another
the moisture be consumed and then with a sufficient quantity of Wax and adding thereunto Ammoniacum and Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar of each three drams and Flowerdeluce Root wel bruised two drams make an Emplaster Or Take Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum Opopanax Styrax liquid dissolved in Vinegar of each one ounce Litharge of Gold ten drams let them boyl in Vinegar afterwards add Pellitory live Sulphur of each half an ounce Oyl of white Lillies and Wax of each a sufficient quantity Make an Emplaster But now in the administring of these Medicaments we ought alwaies seriously to observe whether the Scirrhus arise from flegm or else in truth from a Melancholick humor For if it hath its original from this last it is then more warily and cautelously to be handled than if it proceeded from flegm lest that it turn into a Cancer and especially if it incline toward a suppuration we must have a care that it be not too much irritated by hot Medicaments Chap 20. Of a Cancer THe Cancer by the Greeks called Carcinos and Carcinoma so termed because it resembleth the Water-Crab or Crevish is generated from an adust Humor or black Choler And yet notwithstanding Celsus seemeth to put a difference between Carcinoma and Cancer For in his fift Book and 28. Chapter he calleth the disease that we treat of in this Chapter only Carcinoma But in the same Book and 16. Chapt. he giveth the name and appellation of a Cancer in general unto certain creeping Ulcers under which he likewise comprehended the Erysipelas that is exulcerated the Gangrene also and the Sphacelus But yet notwithstanding al other Physitian whatsoever use the words Carcinoma's and Cancers as Synonyma's that is as words signifying one and the same Disease For a Cancer is a Preternatural Tumor arising from black Choler round of a wan color or somwhat blackish painful and which when the Veins every where round about are filled and strut out resembleth the feet of the Crab Crevish or Crawfish The Causes The Cause of a Cancer is black Choler in which either yellow Choler or the Melancholy Humor hath degenerated by reason of its being burnt For the Melancholy Humor while it yet continueth to be Natural and is not yet burnt doth never cause or produce a Cancer but another Species or kind of Scirrhus But from the black Choler alone if it be burnt which sticketh fast in the Veins neither can it by reason of its thickness penetrate into those streight and narrow passages as the Melancholy humor doth that causeth the Scirrhus the Cancer is excited and generated But now of this black Choler there is a certain difference for some of it is more mild and moderate or less hot and sharp but then another sort of it is very sharp and hot That which is more mild causeth a secret hidden Cancer that is not exulcerated but that that is more hot and sharp exciteth an exulcerated Cancer Now the said black Choler is more or less sharp according as it is more or less burnt or arise from a humor that is more or less sharp Whereupon it is That that which proceedeth from yellow Choler adult and burnt is worse than that which hath its original from a Melancholy humor And leek by how much the longer it abideth in the place affected and by how much the more it is putrefied and burnt by so much the more it is rendered the worse And hence it is that the Natural Melancholy humor also which first exciteth a Scirrhus if it stick and abide long in the part and especially then when it is not handled with al care and caution in the applying of heating and moistening Medicaments it afterward exciteth and causeth a Cancer But whether the Cancer be without any Ulcer or no and whether the black Choler be mild and moderate or else exulcerated and the cause more sharp yet however notwithstanding in and of it self it is alwaies without a Feaver although accidentally a Feaver may happen thereupon In the mean time we say the Cancer it self is a hot Tumor For although some there be that doubt whether a Cancer be to be ranked and reckoned up among the hot or the cold Tumors as there be likewise that question whether black Choler be a hot or a cold humor and although by the Arabian Physitians a Cancer is accounted and reckoned up among the cold Tumors and Galen seem to incline thereunto in his Book of black Choler Chap. 4. and in his 2. to Glauco Chap. 10. yet notwithstanding it is by the same Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 8 10 11. most rightly and truly reckoned up among the hot Tumors since that it hath its original not from the Melancholy humor cold and dry but from black Choler hot and dry For albeit the Melancholy Humor may possibly give the first occasion of this Tumor yet however notwithstanding the Cancer is not generated from it unless the said Melancholy Humor degenerate and turn into black Choler whether this happen in the Vessels or in the part affected like as somtimes a Scirrhus as ere while we told you that is produced from a Melancholy Humor may pass and turn into a Cancer And this is the conjunct cause of a Cancer to wit black Choler a humor hot and dry sharp Salt corroding and corrupting al things generated and bred from the heat of other humors the heat now ceasing or at least being not so vigorous that it may excite and cause a Feaver as it is wont to be in a Phlegmone and Erysipelas It is likewise generated from other Causes For now and then a hot distemper burneth up and inflameth the Humor and so generateth black choler and somtimes the Food Meat and Drink being such as hath in it a disposition and tendency unto the generating of such a like humor by the frequent use thereof and in process of time becometh the Cause of black Choler and somtimes the very Spleen it self being grown weak and not able to attract and draw unto it self that that is generated of the Melancholly humor doth thereupon leave this humor in the Body which after it hath been for a while deteined in the Body is inflamed and burnt up The very same likewise happeneth if either the monthly Courses in Women be suppressed or the Hemorrhoids obstructed And in truth the Cancer is generated and bred in all the parts both external and internal and yet notwithstanding it especially appeareth as Celsus tels us in his fifth Book Chap. 28. in the superior parts about the Face Nosethrils and Ears Lips the Paps or Breasts of Women which chiefly by reason of their laxity and loosness do very easily receive that humor and then again in regard of the consent and agreement it hath with the Womb they readily admit of those vitious and naughty humors that ought to have been purged forth through the Womb. The Signs Diagnostick At the first beginning the Cancer is not so easily
the future and the humor it self that is in the part affected is to be evacuated In the first place therefore the watry and wheyish humors are to be evacuated by Stool by Urine and by Sweats and we must likewise so order it that the Diaphoresis and insensible transpiration may be free and uninterrupted Secondly If there be present any fault in any Bowel that is by Nature destin'd and ordained for Concoction by which this watry humor is supplied this is to be corrected and of this we have already spoken in its proper place Thirdly The watery matter the next and conteining Cause of the Tumor is to be evacuated which is to be performed either insensibly by those things that Resolve and digest and dry much or else sensibly by opening the Tumor and pouring out the Matter Those things that Resolve Discuss and dry up the watry humors are Rue Wallwort or Danewort Elder Camomile Dill the Flower-de-luce root Aristolochy or Birthwort Laurel berries the Meal of Beans and of the bitter Vetch Orobus Ashes Salt Sulphur Ammoniacum and Bdellium As Take Leaves of Rue of the Elder Tree and Wallwort the Flowers of Camomile of each one handful Lawrel berries two ounces boyl them in Ley and Wine for a Fomentation Afterward Take Sal Nitre half an ounce Sulphur three drams the Pouder of Lawrel berries one ounce Ammoniacum half an ounce Oyl of Rue and Wax of each as much as will suffice and make a Liniment But if the matter cannot be discussed and scatterred then let the Tumor be opened and the mater emptied forth The Diet. Let such a Diet be ordained and appointed that may not in the least make any supply or add unto the watry humors and let it have regard unto the Causes of the collection of the watry humor touching which we have also already spoken in its proper place Chap. 22. Of Exanthemata Ecchymata Papulae Pustulae Phlyctenae and Eczesmata BUt now it is very rare and a thing that but seldom happeneth that one only humor should excite and cause any Tumor whatsoever but for the most part many humors mixed together and especially the Cholerick Salt and ferous or wheyish humors meeting together and somtimes also black Choler do excite and produce divers sorts of Tubercles or small Tumors of which we intend now to treat and here in the explanation of their several names we meet with much difficulty And first of all Exanthemata Exanthemata and Exanthesis that is to say Efflorescences are so called in regard that like unto Flowers they break forth in the Skin Hippocrates 3. Epid. Comm. Text 51. calleth them likewise Ecthymata from the Greek because they impetuously break forth as Galen in his Comment upon Hippocrates explaineth it Pliny in his Book 24. and Chap. 4. and Book 26. Chap 11. calleth them Eruptiones But now the name Exanthemata seemeth to be a general name so that it may comprehend under it whatsoever of its own accord breaketh forth in the Skin neither indeed is there any certain and particular species of those Tubercles or smal Tumors whereupon it is that they are likewise called Exanthemata Sublime broad red round smal Exanthemata of sweats Elcode by Hippocrates in his third Book of Aphorisms Aphor. 20. But whether or no there be any general Latin word that may answer unto this Exanthemata of the Greeks I very much question We indeed meet with the name of Papulae and Pustulae that is to say Wheals Blisters Measels and Pushes But now whereas there is a twofold sort of Exanthemata one that which only changeth the color of the Skin as it is wont to be in those Feavers that we cal Petechiales and another in which there are certain Tubercles breaking forth in the Skin the name of Papulae and Pustulae seemeth not to agree with and answer to both of them but only unto the latter sort of the Exanthemata for Papulae and Pustulae signifie only Tubercles in which there is some certain humor contained And yet notwithstanding we find that the name of Papulae is a more special name and that it seemeth not to be used by Celsus and Pliny in one and the same manner For by Pliny the hotter sort of Exanthemata and which are elevated higher than ordinary into a sharp-pointed head are termed Papulae of which notwithstanding seeing that there are many differences viz. red hot black Papulae of sweats this name seemeth to be general enough But now with Celsus the name Papulae is a special and peculiar name and signifieth only that affect which the Greeks cal Lichenes and the Latines Impetigo For thus he writeth in his fifth Book and 28. Chapter That the Papulae by the smallest sort of Pustules do exasperate the Skin and likewise that they corrode and creep forward but slowly and that where the Disease beginneth round there it also proceedeth after an Orb-like and round manner and that that which is less round is more difficultly cured and that unless it be taken quite away it turneâ—h into the Impetigo For he maketh two species of Lichenes as the Greeks likewise do One he termeth Agria that is wild the other more mild and that the wild Papula is cured by rubbing it with fasting Spittle All which things before mentioned agree with the Lichenes of the Greeks The name likewise of Eczesmata seemeth to be general For although some by these Eczesmata understand only Hidroa or Sudamina and others refer them unto the Head alone yet without al doubt this name is general and signifieth a Pustule or very hot Papula as the name it self importeth Of the Tumors Phlyctaenae But that we may treat of these in their several species or kinds the first in order to be handled are those we cal Phlyctaenae Now they are called Phlyctaenae Phluctides Phluzacia and Phluseis from two Greek words that signifie to Boyl or become fervent hot being Pustules and little Bladders excited and caused by the humors when they are as it were boyling hot and most sharp like unto those Pushes and smal Bladders that are raised by the fire and scalding hot water By others they are likewise named Ignis Silvestris or wild fire The Arabians cal them Sahafati And indeed these kind of Pustules and little Bladders very frequently break out in the Skin or rather in the Scars-skin and somtimes privily in the Cornea Tunicle of the Eye touching which we have already spoken in the first Book of our Practice Part 3. Sect. 2. Chap. 17. They oftentimes arise in the Thighs and in Infants they somtimes break forth in their whol body but seldom so in men The Causes The Phlyctaenae proceed from a Cholerick and extream hor humor mingled together with a humor that is salt and wheyish But now from what Causes such like humors are generated we have elsewhere declared They somtimes likewise befal women by reason of their Menstruous blood over long retained and corrupted But
accord like unto Phlyctaenae or Blisters somwhat reddish which being broken there issueth forth a bloody filth and matter They do not greatly excruciate the Party in the day time but by night they torture and torment him with a pain that is more then usual in an Ulcer But yet although Paulus and Aetius define Epinyctides by little Ulcers yet notwithstanding without all doubt they understand Pustules degenerating and turning into Ulcers Neither are they generated only of Cholerick and bloody filth and corruption but likewise from other humors also And therefore Pliny in his Book 20. and Chap. 6. calleth them pale and wan Pustules and such as disquiet in the night time But Celsus in the place alleadged doth most cleerly and plainly describe them in these words It is saith he the worst of all kind of Pustules that is called Epinyctis It is wont to be in colour either somwhat pale and wan or somwhat black or else white About this there is also a vehement Inflammation and within there is found a snotty and nasty exulceration The colour is like unto its humor from whence it ariseth The pain that it causeth is greater than its bigness and transcendeth its magnitude for it is no bigger then a Bean. And it likewise ariseth in the eminent parts and most commonly in the night time for which cause it hath this name Epinyctis imposed upon it by the Greeks There are some that conceive these Epinyctides to be Essere of the Arabians but they are mistaken as it wil appear by the Chapter following for Essere unless it be very much scratched and clawed poureth forth no humor at all The Causes The Causes of this Tumor are a Salt and wheyish humor and Flegm together with which there is somtimes mingled some of the Blood and Cholerick Ichor and now and then likewise some of the black Choler From whence also it is that the colour is not alwaies one and the same and by reason of the Flegm therwith mingled the Pustule being opened there is found within a certain snotty and filthy exulceration And the Tumor is almost if not altogether such as that which causeth the Carbuncle but only that there is here no malignity present neither is the Tumor likewise here so great as it is in a Carbuncle neither is it as we told you out of Celsus bigger then a Bean. But that it is more exasperated by night the Cause hereof is a black humor that is wont to be moved more in the night and the nocturnal cold which shutteth and closeth up the Pores of the Skin Signs Diagnostick It is not at all needful that we declare the signs and tokens of this Tumor since that it may be sufficiently known from the aforementioned description of Celsus The Prognosick To tel you the truth these Tubercles are not dangerous and they denote the strength of the expulsive faculty yet notwithstanding they are very grievous and troublesome by reason of the pain they cause and they bring restlessness likewise upon the Party in the night time and they signifie that an adust and vitious Juyce doth superabound in the body The Cure And therefore the naughty a vitious humor is to be evacuated and if the blood too much abound a Vein is then to be opened and withall there is such a kind of Diet to be prescribed that may not generate and breed an adust humor As for Topical Remedies such a like Bath or Lotion may be appointed Viz. Take Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall Bearsfoot of each three handfuls Nightshade one handful Marshmallow seeds and the four cold seeds wel bruised of each one ounce boyl them in sweet water for a Bath Paulus and Aetius commend the liquor of Laserpitium with salted water in regard that it drieth without any corrosion at all as also the Leaves of the Hemlock or Henbane bruised and pounded smal together with Honey as likewise the Green Coriander and Nightshade bruised and mingled together or the Leaves of the Wild Olive bruised For those Ulcers that spring and arise from Pustules this following Medicament is very proper and convenient Take Ceruss half an ounce Litharge one ounce and half Fenugreek seed half an ounce Roses two drams the Juyce of Endive as much as wil suffice let them be mingled and stirred together until they attain unto the thickness of Honey or a Liniment But let there be a careful abstinence from whatsoever is sharp acid and salt Terminthus Some there are that refer likewise Terminthus unto these Epinyctides But it doth not yet sufficiently appear what this Tumor Terminthus of the Ancients is properly but only what we have from Galen who in Epidem 6. Comment 3. Text. 37. thus writeth that the name of Terminthi doth signifie certain black Pustules arising especially in the Thighs derived from the likeness and resemblance they have in figure colour and bigness with the fruit of Terminthi that is Cicers as they vulgarly render it but as others and that more rightly the fruit of the Turpentine Tree Chap. 26. Of Essere THere is also a certain kind of Tumor which we but very seldom meet with in the writings of the Greeks and Latines but oftentimes mentioned by the Arabians and now then likewise by the Physitians of our own time such especially as live neer us in our own Country which they cal Essere Sora and Sare to wit when litcle Tubercles inclining to a red colour and somwhat hard do suddenly and unexpectedly seiz upon the whol Body together with an extraordinary troublesom itching Just as if the Party had been bitten and stung by Bees or Wasps or Gnats or stung with Nettles and yet notwithstanding so that after a long time they vanish again the Skin likewise without the issuing forth of an ichorous excrement or any other moisture whatsoever recovereth its former smoothness and colour There are some indeed that refer these kind of Tubercles unto the aforesaid Epinyctides of the Greeks but they are here in mistaken For Epinyctides and Essere are Tumors altogether differing one from the other in regard that Epinyctides pour forth out of them a certain humor which Essere doth not but vanisheth without any kind of humor issuing there from Moreover the Epinyctides according to the name they have thereupon Imposed on them do afflict and grieve the Patient most of all in the night time but the Essere very rarely break forth in the night but for the most part in the day time The way and Method of Curing them is likewise very various and different It is somwhat doubtful whether or no this kind of Tumor was at all known to the Grecians since that we meet not in any of their writings with the true and proper kind of this Tumor neither do they make any the least mention hereof unless haply there be any that will refer this Tumor Essere unto Exanthemata that are without any Ulcer Serapio in the fifth of his Breviary
or Guajacum Wood. To cleanse Galen in his sixth Book of the making of simple Medicaments doth especially commend a Myrepsick Suppository which in regard that it hath a very strong astringent power if Vinegar be therewith joyned having laid aside and put off its astringent power and virtue will excellently well discharge the office of Cleansing and deeply penetrating in all affects of the Skin Sulphur is here likewise very commodious by reason of its abstersive Virtue The rest of the Remedies are specified in the precedent discourse of Scabies And more likewise which may very fitly be here made use of shall be said below in Chap. 4. where we treat of the Elephantiasis Chap. 29. Of Vitiligo or Leuce and Alphus WHereas in the former Chapter we told you that the Lepra of the Greeks is by the Arabians called the black Albaras for the Arabians mention two kinds of Albaras the one white the other black and that the white Albaras of the Arabians is the same with Leuce of the Greeks and seeing that Leuce is a Species of Vitiligo we therefore judg it fit to subjoyn Vitiligo unto Lepra of the Greeks Vitiligo The truth is there be some that strenuously dispute whether or no Leuce and Alphus and the like Evils that we shal anon propound do belong unto Diseases or else unto Symptoms and they scrape together out of Galen divers places in which he seems to assert now this now that now one thing and then another But since our purpose in this Book is to treat both of the Diseases and likewise of the Symptoms of the extream parts we wil not therefore scrupulously dispute hereof Let it suffice that we give you notice of this that if the recess from the Natural state whether it be in the distemper or in the Organical Constitution be so smal that it hurteth no action it is then no Disease but only a symptom and hâ—â—herunto are to be referred the changed colours of the Skin For although in our former Books we propounded the Diseases and Symptoms of the parts severally and assunder yet notwithstanding it could not here fitly be done in regard that somtimes the same Affect according to the greatness of the recess from the Natural state is one while a Disease and another while a Symptom only Now unto the word Vitiligo from whence soever it be derived there is no general Greek word to be found that answereth unto it but it conteineth under it these three Affects Leuce and both the Alphus to wit the white and black For so Celsus writeth in his fifth Book Chap. 26. about the end thereof There are saith he three Species of Vitiligo Alphus where the white colour is somwhat rough and not continued so that there seem to be as it were certain smal drops dispersed And somtimes it creepeth broader and with certain intermissions Melas differeth from this colour in regard that it is black and like unto a shadow other things are the same Leuce hath somwhat like unto Alphus but it is more white and it descendeth deeper and in it there are white hairs soft and tender as wool or down feathers All these creep but in some faster in others more slowly But Galen as we have already said hath no common name under which to comprehend Leuce and Alphus but he propoundeth them as divers Affects in his second Book of the Causes of Symptoms and the second Chapter Among the Arabians we meet with the word Albaras which they divide into white and black not as one and the same Disease into its Species but as a word into its significations For different Affects they are and Albaras nigra or the black Albaras is nothing else than Lepra of the Greeks and the Impetigo of Celsus But Alba or the white the Greeks term Leuce which appellation Celsus doth both keep and maketh it a Species of Vitiligo Like as Pliny also maketh mention of the white Vitiligo in his Book 18. and Chap. 15. and in his Book 31. Chap. 10. But of Nigra or the black in his Book 22. and Chap. 25. For there is no word or name to be found among the Latines that may answer unto the Species of Vitiligo to wit Leuce and Alphus To wit Physitians do thus stile Leuce as Galen writeth in his third Book of the Causes of Symptoms and Chap. 2. from the Colour imposing the name thereon For look what kind of flesh Locusts have and so likewise almost al kind of Oysters the like hereunto have they also that have their Skins fouled and defiled with Leuce But Alphoi are so called from the Greek word signifying to change to wit because the colour of the Skin is changed and yet notwithstanding not of the whole Skin but up and down here and there great spots arise throughout the Skin and for the most part in the Body also And the truth is their generation as Galen there tels us is of the like kind to wit from a vitious nutriment Yet notwithstanding under these the whol flesh is not vitiated but only in the very superficies and top of the Skin there are as it were certain little scales fastened thereupon and the truth is that Alphi or the white arise from a flegmatick but the black from a melancholly Juyce And yet they are not true and right scales but there is a certain kind of roughness perceived in the Skin together with the change of colour For in this the black Alphus differeth from the Lepra or the black Albaras of the Arabians that in Albaras Nigra or the black Albaras there are both excoriation and scales whereas in the black Alphus there are neither Morphaea Alphus is likewise called Morphaea without all doubt from Morphe to wit because the colour of the Skin is changed into white and black Celsus hath used the Appellations of the Greeks in distinguishing the several species of Vitiligo and he hath named the first Species Leuce or Leuca but Alphus he calleth only by the single name Alphus and the black he stileth Melas But now this change of colour as wel in Leuca as in Alphus doth not only consist in the Skin but is extended likewise unto the Hairs and as Celsus in the place alleadged writeth in Leuca there are white Hairs such as are like unto the soft and tender Hair in new born Children and the white Alphi likewise as Paulus Aegineta tels us in his fourth Book and Chap. 6. produce white Hairs and the black Alphi black Hairs And Johannes Philippus Ingrassias in his first Tract of Tumors Chap. 1. P. 142. assureth us that he had more then once seen even old Gray-headed Men that have had some part either of their Beards or of their Eye-brows black like as it is in young Persons that are altogether black to wit when Melas is become inveterate or that there be present the black Alphus and yet notwithstanding all this while the part affected with the
assert that many yeers likewise before the Reign of Claudius Caesar these Lichenes were wel known unto the Grecians because that Hippocrates in the third of his Aphorisms Aphor. 20. and in his second Book of Womens Diseases maketh mention of Lichenes and that it is probable that the Malady vexed Italy in like manner forasmuch as Galen also in his fifth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 7. maketh mention of these Lichenes in the Chin and yet notwithstanding he hath not one word of their rise and beginning under the aforesaid Claudius and the truth is that most of those Authors out of which he citeth the Medicinal Remedies against this same Disease lived before Claudius Caesar But for this we must here know and take notice that the Lichen is twofold the one is that which Hippocrates the other Greek Physitians before the time of Claudius the Emperor make mention of and which Pliny with al other the Latines Celsus alone excepted calleth Impetigo the other that which was before the time of Claudius and altogether unknown the which others cal Lichen agria fera or the wild Lichen but most of them have named it Mentagra And this distinction Pliny seemeth likewise to have observed in his Book 20. Chap. 1. and 9. and Book 22. Chap. 25. and Book 23 Chap. 7. and elswhere and to have called these Lichenes of the Ancient Greeks Impetigo but this new kind he calleth only by the single and bare name Lichenes to wit that so he might not with the vulgar make use of the word Mentagra being the name that was at the first jestingly and corruptly imposed upon it And that this latter sort of Lichenes was held to be contagious and Epidemical Galen seemeth sufficiently to hint this unto us when he writeth and assureth us in his fifth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 7. That one Pamphilus by the curing of the Lichenes got good store of Wealth at Rome when the Disease Mentagra as the vulgar cal it raged and prevailed here in the City Both kinds of thiâ— Disease Celsus in his fifth Book and Chap. 28. seems to comprehend under the name of Papulae when he thus writeth There are saith he of Papulae two sorts the one whereof is in which the Skin is exasperated by the smallest Pustules and becometh red and is gently and lightly corroded having the middle part of it a little smoother and creeping along but very slowly and this same Malady most usually beginneth in a round manner and for the same reason it proceedeth and creepeth along after the same round manner and fashion But now the other is that which the Greeks call Agâ—â—a that is Fera or wild In the which indeed the Skin is likewise but far more exasperated and exulcerated and is more vehemently corroded and gnawed and thereupon becometh red And somtimes it also sendeth forth Hairs Thus far Celsus All which agreeth very wel with that which Galen asserteth in his fifth Book of the composition of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 7. as likewise Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 3. and Aetius writeth in even very same where he treateth of Lichenes Tetrab 2. Serm. 4. Chap. 16. What Lichen is But now Lichen or Impetigo that we may give you the general description thereof is a roughness of the Skin with dry Pustules and with an extream itching creeping forward unto the neer adjacent parts and in a short space much extending it self The Causes The Cause is a serous or wheyish thin and sharp Juyce mixed together with a thicker humor Now this humor is generated either from a bad and corrupt kind of Diet and salt and sharp meats or else also from the heat of the ambient Air which being afterwards thrust forth unto the Superficies of the Body it there exasperateth the same and as it were superficially exulcerateth it And this happeneth more especially in the spring time whereupon it is that Hippocrates in the third Book of his Aphorisms Aphor. 20. reckoneth up Lichenes among the Diseases of the Spring It likewise now and then happeneth in the Winter time if by the Air the Pores of the Skin chance to be close shut up and that sharp and salt humors be therein deteined And yet notwithstanding this Malady may likewise proceed and be contracted from Contagion or Infection The Differences Now there is a twofold sort of Impetigo as we told you before out of Celsus the one whereof is more mild and gentle in the which the Skin is less and by the least sort of Pustules exasperated and it hath its middle part somwhat more smooth and it creepeth forward but very slowly The other that which the Greeks cal Agria the Latines Fera or wild in the which the Skin is more exasperated and exulcerated Signs Diagnostick The Impetigo is known by this that the Skin is made hard dry rough and as it were ful of scales there is likewise present an itching and the Malady groweth broader from day to day and from a very final and inconsiderable beginning ic diffuseth it sell unto an extraordinary great breadth The Prognosticks 1. This Affect is not in the least dangerous and that which is newly begun and mild is very easily cured 2. But that Impetigo that is called Agria or the wild Impetigo and that which ariseth from a worse kind of humor is not to be cured but with much more difficulty and it may soon pass and turn into the Lepra or Leprosie The Cure Such a kind of Diet ought to be ordained that will not heap and treasure up such like vicious humors to wit those that are salt and sharp Moreover if there be any signs that many of these kind of virious humors do abound in the body they are then by convenient Medicaments to be altered and evacuated As for Topicks the Spittle of one that is fasting if the part affected he therewith anoynted healeth and helpeth a mild and Recent or new begun Impetigo and so likewise doth that liquor or moysture that sweateth forth of green Wood while it is burning as also the Leaves of Wall-Pellitory or the Root of four Sorrel bruised with Vinegar as also the Gum of Prunes if the part be anoynted therewith that which is here of singular use and benefit is the Oyl of Eggs and the Oyl of Tartar by draining especially if mingled together with other fit and proper Remedies Or Take Oyl of Roses one ounce Tupentine washed in Rose Water three ounces Oyl of the Yelks of Eggs six drams and Oyl of Tartar by draining two drams and mingle them Or Take Unguent Diapompholyx one ounce the White Unguent of Camphire half an ounce Oyl of Tartar by draining two drams Mingle c. Or Take Oyl of Wax one ounce Oyl of Eggs three drams and of Tartar by draining two drams Mingle c. Or Take Frankincense Ammoniacum of each half an ounce
Glandules are situated under the Vessels like as also in other Glandules already mentioned And somtimes likewise but this is very rare they are bred from the Flesh of the self same places which by a certain affinity is converted into the nature of Strumae and is augmented by the access of Matter For first of all the Glandules of the said parts in like manner as all other parts the Flegm being dried or the Melancholly humor or both of them together mingled become hard like as a Scirrhus doth But somtimes the very substance of the Glandulous flesh being dried waxeth hard which yet notwithstanding being afterward moistened by the melancholly or Flegmy humor increaseth and becometh preternaturally augmented Yet notwitstanding in regard that both those waies of generation are coincident and in a manner one and the same Galen thereupon seemeth for the most part to sleight this difference and in his Book of preternatural Tumors Chap. 11. he there saith that such as are affected with hardened Glandules may properly be said to be affected with Strumae But yet notwithstanding touching the Causes we have before in the place alleadged acquainted you that Platerus determineth that Flegm alone and the Melancholly humor are scarcely sufficient to generate Strumae seeing that if they were from those alone they would not then be of long continuance but they would rather be obnoxious unto putridness or turned into Pus like as are other Tumors but that these Strumae derive their original from a Juyce nourishing these parts For whereas Glandules are nourished with a thicker Juyce than other fleshly parts if this Juyce exceed in Quantity it then generateth divers kind of Tumors But although this be altogether to be granted yet notwithstanding this is not altogether impossible but that some melancholly and flegmy humor be mingled together with the aliment of the Glandules Now this matter of the Strumae is included in a peculiar Membrane which the formative faculty that is seated and planted in all the parts that have life in them produceth For whenas there is some Membrane distended or even broken by the superfluous humor that floweth thereto Nature extendeth and dilateth the same and attempteth the structure and forming as it were of a new Membrane The Differences These Strumae are by some distinguished into Malignant and Benign and they will have those to be benign that are without an Inflammation without pain and those they will have to be malignant that have with them both Inflammation and pain and that are the more exasperated by Medicaments But we must know that those Strumae that are termed malignant are not properly Strumae but a Tumor as it were mingled of Strumae and a Cancer so that this Tumor doth not alone proceed from a flegmy and Melancholly humor but it hath likewise mingled together with it a black Choler They are likewise distinguished in this manner that some Strumae are free others of them infiltrated Those of them are said to be free and simple that are not complicated with any Vessel or tied together with it but such of them as are knit together either with some notable Vein or some Nerve and are as it were wrapt and folded within them these we call Strumae infiltrated or haply as by a name more fit and congruous Strumae implicated Those things that should have been further declared touching these Strumae have already been propounded in the place alleadged viz. in the second Book of our Practise Part 1. Chap. 35. and there they may be seen Chap 34. Of Ganglium and Nodi GAnglion so called by the Greeks and by the Latines Ganglium is by some reckoned up among the Affects of the Head But by Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 16. and Book 6. Chap. 39. and by Aetius in Tetrab 4. Serm. 3. Chap. 9. it is attributed unto many parts and it is an Affect of the Nervous parts and by the Author of the Physical Definitions it is thus defined viz. that it is a preternatural rowling together or knot of a Nerve which groweth together into one Body The very same Tumor Guido in his second Tract Doct. 2. Chap. 4. seemeth to call it Lupia and Tagautius in his Chirurgicall Institutions Book 1. Chap. 13. writeth that it appeareth in Aetius out of the Cure Philagrius that Lupia of the modern Physitians the Glandula of Avicen and Ganglion of the Greeks is one and the same Affect But by what names these Tumors are called by the Germans is not very evident For if we wel weigh the Descriptions and Signs yea and the Cure likewise of Ganglion and Lupia of the Greeks and the latter Physitians as also of the Glandules of Avicen Ganglium is that Affect which by the Germans is called Vberbein uberbein so called not that it is indeed a Bone but because it is a Tumor upon a Bone to wit in that same place where the Bones are only covered with the Skin or because it resembleth the hardness of a Bone Notwithstanding Platerus doth not cal those Tumors that arise from the Nerves and which Authors every where describe under the name of Ganglium by the name of Vberbeine but a peculiar kind of Tumor when the Periostium being shaven or eaten through there springeth up and groweth unto the former as it were a new Bone But now that Tumor which he propoundeth under the name of Ganglium viz. which is bred about the joynts especially the Knees somtimes comprehending the whol Joynt and this one while in a more narrow and other while in a broader limit and somtimes also so stopping and hindering the motion thereof that the Member is altogether either motionless or else so that it cannot be wholly and entirely moved seemeth to be that Tumor which the Germans cal Glied-shevva Glied-shevva to wit because as it were a certain Mushrom it ariseth under the Skin neer about the Joynts and especially the Knee which is not alwaies round but often overspreadeth the whol Knee when yet notwithstanding Ganglion is alwaies a round Tumor as Ambrose Parrey writeth in his sixth Book and Chap. 20. But as I told you likewise before there is a great confusion in the names And therefore as Joh. Tagautius in the first Book of his Physical Institutions and Chap. 2. adviseth us the thing it self is to be heeded with al care and circumspection and as for the names we need not much to regard them since that oftentimes one and the same word hath in several Authors various and different appellations Ganglion ariseth indeed in al or the most parts of the body and yet more especially in those parts that are moved neer about the Joynts to wit In the Hands and Feet and in those very places where the Bones are only covered with Skin and where there is a concourse of the Tendons Ligaments and Nerves And yet notwithstanding Aetius addeth the Head and Forehead as likewise the Elbows and Arms but it
of theirs since that those who are affected with the Elephantiasis are not made hereby ever a whit the greater unless haply we have respect not so much unto the greatness of the body in such as are thus affected as unto the greatness of the danger of death thereby threatned to wit that look as the Elephant is the greatest of al the four-footed Creatures even so among diseases this appeareth to be the greaâ—est and an Affect almost remediless and incurable touching which thing Macer in his Book of the virtues of Herbs and Chap. 15. speaketh unto the same purpose Or else this Malady is so called because that creeping along upon the Thighs it causeth them to become as are those of an Elephant rough and unequal or else because that among other Diseases this is exceeding vehement strong and violent like as is the Elephant or otherwise it is so called and this indeed seemeth to be the most true and genuine reason thereof because the members the skin of those that are affected with this Disease are rendered tumid and swoln scaly rough and rugged ful of swellings and unequal like unto the skin of Elephants Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 14. writeth that this Malady when it first beginneth is likewise called Satyriasmus in regard that the face of those that are afflicted with this Disease is rendered like unto the face of the said Satyres For the lips of such as are troubled with Elephantiasis are thereby made thick and the Nose swelleth and thereupon it seemeth as if it were pressed down the Ears become flaggy and much wasted the Jaw bones are colored as it were and overspread with a certain kind of redness and in the Forehead there appear here and there Tumors or Swellings like as if they were certain Horns although there be others indeed that think the Satyriasmus to be so called even for this very cause that in the beginning of this Malady the sick parties are extreamly libidinous and lustful like as are the said Satyres And yet notwithstanding Aetius in Tetrab 4. Serm. 1. Chap. 120. out of Archigenes rendereth another kind of reason of this resemblance and that indeed different from the former to wit because the Cheeks and face in such as are thus affected are lifted up together with a certain redness and the Chin it self is dilated upon the Convulsion as it were of the Muscles of the Jaws even as we see it likewise to befal those that laugh in a certain kind of likeness and resemblance unto the Pictures of Satyres which Coelius Rhodiginus in his 19. Book of the reading of Antiquâ—ties and Chap. 25. conceiveth to be â—o called from the Greek word Seserenai because that these Satyres sing and sport themselves with their mouths wide open and gaping and their lipâ— drawn forth like unto those that laugh A d there are some that give us a thâ—â—â— reâ—son and ground of this appellation to wit b cause thâ—â— those who are affected wiâ—h thiâ— Elephantiasis are like unto Satyres in their propension unto Venery and lustfulness It is likewise termed Leontiasis either in regard that this Malady is inviâ—â—ible like as the Lyon or else because as Aetius hath it in Tetrab 4. Serm. 1. Chap. 30. the forehead of the sick person is with a certain swelling rendered and made more loose after the resemblance of the flexile skin of the Lions Eye-brows or else because the breath and the very spiriâ—s of such as are affected with this Malady do even stink like unto the breathing of Lions and their very excrements also or else because those that are affected with this Disease have a most filthy and terrible face insomuch that like as do Lions they strike a terror into those that come suddenly and unawares to behold it This Malady is by our Physitians called the Malady of St. Lazarus because that such as are Elephantiack do so abound and are ful of Ulcers like as was that Lazarus the beggar of whom there is mention made in the Evangelical History Luke Chap. 16. Now this is a very sad and grieâ—ous Malady and as it were an Universal oâ— Cancer of the whol body whereupon it comprehendeth under it many more sorts and kinds oâ— Diseases For fi st of al there is present magnitude augmented and a â—â—â—lling up and down in the body especially in the external parts whose beauty feaâ—ure and 〈◊〉 likewise is hereupon corrupted there is likewise present a hot and dry distemper by which the parts are so exulcerated and corrupted that as length they fal off Celsus in his third Book and Chap. 25. thus describeth the whol Idea of this Malady The whol Body saith he is affected so that the very Bones likewise may in a manner be said to be vitiated and corrupted The highest and utmost parts of the body have in them both spots and swellings that stand thick and close one by the other The redness of these parts is by little and little converted into a black color The top of the skin is unequally both thick and thin hard and soft and is exasperated by certain scales the body waxeth lean the mouth the calves of the legs and the feet swel and are puffed up When the disease comes once to be old the fingers and toes are quite hidden under the swelling there ariseth also a light and gentle Feaver that easily consumeth and wasteth the sick person that is already overwhelmed with the aforesaid evils and mischiefs The Causes The containing cause is black Choler and this not without malignity diffused and spread abroad throughout the whol body Now we find touching the generating of this humor viz. black choler a long and tedious dispute among Authors and we find them holding divers and different Opinions In this the truth is they al agree that this humor is generated from the adustion and burning of other humors but then in this they differ viz. from the adustion of what humors this proceedeth Avicen in the third Section of his fourth Book Tract 3. Chap. 1. seemeth to have comprehended them all whiles he mentioneth five Species or kinds of this humor The first is that which proceedeth from the Blood the second that from the melancholly humor the third that which is from the adustion of bitter Choler the fourth that which ariseth from Flegm burnt the fift and last that that proceedeth from the thick and hot part as being very apt to be burnt of the Chyle as to Instance from all salt Flesh Fish and the like But although it cannot be denied that there is here in this case an adustion of humors present and that salt humors are the cause of this Malady yet notwithstanding since that there are very many other Tumors and Ulcers that have their original from adust humors here therefore the very specifical cause is altogether to be sought for which notwithstanding cannot easily be explained but it consisteth in an occult i. e. an hidden and secret Malignity But
is like unto the rest of the skin and the Tumor is soft and loose and for the most part giveth way and yieldeth unto the compression of the fingers the blood running back into the Artery from whence it instantly again floweth forth There is likewise a Pulse to be felt in an Aneurysma Although that Paraeus hath observed that somtimes in the Aneurysma if it be great there is neither any pulse to be perceived not any return of the blood upon the compression unto the more internal parts and this I also observed my self in a certain Woman but then notwithstanding there is to be perceived a motion and as it were the loud noise of boyling water and that not only when it is pressed down with the fingers but likewise at other times and this hissing or singing noise is not only to be perceived upon the touch of the fingers but also upon the putting of the Ear close thereto which proceedeth from the motion of the vital spirit in its passage through streight and narrow places All which signs proceed not from the effusion of the blood under the skin but from the dilatation of the Artery Prognosticks 1. Al Aneurysma's are very hard to cure 2. Yet notwithstanding those of them that are less and newly arisen wil admit of a Cure But such of them as are old and greater in regard that that blood cannot be driven back by Astringents neither may the Artery be consolidated and so they are no waies to be cured but by Section wil hardly admit of any cure at al. For the Tumor being opened and the Artery as it is necessary being cut the Arterial blood floweth forth together with the vital spirit abundantly al as it were at once and with great violence so that the sick person is oftentimes precipitated into extream hazard and danger of death And there are many remarkable instances that might be given of such sick persons as in the opening of the Aneurysma have died under the hands of unskilful Chirurgeons 3. Neither hath the Tumor that is joyned with an Aneurysma any great danger in it but that the life may together with it be lengthened out for a long time I knew a certain neer Neighbor of mine in whom an unskilful Chirurgeon when he should have opened a Vein cut an Artery and it is now already above thirty yeers that she hath had an Aneurysma as big as a Walnut in the inward bending of the Arm and al this while hitherunto she hath enjoyed and stil even at present doth perfect health as if she ailed nothing at al. And therefore we conclude that better it is somtimes for the Patient to bear and undergo this sleight inconvenience than to submit himself unto a dangerous Cure The Cure And therefore forthwith even in the very first rise of it so soon as ever we perceive that there is an Aneurysma excited for it is not suddenly done but that dilatation of the exterior Tunicle of the Artery is caused sensibly and by degrees let Astringents and Repellers be imposed upon the place affected that so the force of the blood may be abated and qualified and the open hole of the Artery may be shut up For which end and purpose there may likewise very fitly be administred a thin Leaden plate which doth repel thicken and bind close together the loosened Artery There may also be administred astringent Cataplasms and the Emplaster against a Rupture And because that the Aneurysma somtimes also ariseth from the cutting of an Artery we must do out endeavor that if an Artery be cut whether it be purposely done or whether it happeneth by any ill accident that it may immediately shut and close up again and that may right manner which in regard that it is not here so easily effected because of the violent and impetuous motion of the Artereal blood as it is in the Veins therefore we prescribe the following Medicament as very fit and proper for the Consolidating of the Wound of the Artery Take of Frankincense two parts of Aloes one part and an half Mingle them and having shaken them wel together with the white of an Egg tye up all with the Flâ—x of a Hare as much as wil suffice and let them be laid upon the Wound of the Artery And of this kind there are divers other Medicaments to be prepared of the Roots of the greater Comfry Mustick Frankincense Pomegranate Rinds Acacia or binding Bean-tree Hypocistis or the hardened juyce of Cystus Myrtle Gals Aloes sealed Earth of Lemnos Bole-armenick Lapis Hemarites or the Blood-stone and the Emplaster Diachalcitis If in this manner and by these means the growth and encrease of the Aneurysma cannot be hindered there are indeed some that advise and perswade us unto Section and the Tumor being opened the Artery that is to be cut must be intercepted by binding it about with two bands and then it must be dissected between the two bonds and these bonds as they teach us are not to be loosened until that Nature hath covered over the wound with fleshâ— and that now al the fear of the bloods issuing forth and al the danger of an Hemorrhage be past and gone Now as for the manner of cutting the Aneurysma Aegineta acquaints us with it in his sixth Book of Physick Chap. 37. in these words If the Tumor saith he be caused by opening then we use to inflict upon the skin a straight Section made longwaies and then after this the lips of the skin being parted and far sundred by little hooks we make bare the Artery severing it from its Membranes by Instruments very fit for this purpose and then after the transmission of a Needle under it we tie it with two threds and then so soon as we have pricked with a Pen-knife the middle part of the Artery and have evacuated what was therein contained we then betake our self unto the suppurative cure until at length the ties of the threds fal off But now if the dilatation be caused from the rupture of an Artery then it behoveth us as far forth as possibly we can to lay hold upon the whol with our fingers together with the skin then to cast through it beneath that we have laid hold on with the fingers a Needle that may if you please have in it two threds or rather one thred doubled and after the casting through of the Needle and thred we are then to cut in two the every bandle as I may so cal it of the double thred and so to bind about the Tumor on this side and on that with the two threds But if there be any cause to fear lest these threds should slip and fail then in this case there is likewise another Needle to be cast through that may throughout lie and press upon the former and this Needle may likewise draw after it two threds or a double thred and the handle thereof being cut in sunder we then bind about the Tumor with four
condensed Juyce of Hypocistis or the excrescence of the Plant Cystus And lastly I have somtimes made use of a more mild and yet more gentle kind of Chirurgery and especially when the Varix hath been but smal and inconsiderable For laying aside the Ligaments and the compunctions or prickings of Hippocrates I made use only of the Medicament before mentioned according to the length of the Varix and binding it down with a part of the Reed tied fast thereupon or else a Spunge somwhat long and writhed and of the thickness of the Varix bound about with a thred and moistened in the juyce of Pomegranates or of Hypocistis and then rightly tied and bound on with a narrow Swathband and for this purpose very beneficial likewise are the unripe fruits of the Wood Guajacum wel bruised and imposed all which by their astriction do intercept the blood and bind the veins together and by their much dying they likewise evacuate And lastly for preservation of the part I made use of a hose or buskin made of a dogs skin which was to be put on and exactly fastened on about the Thigh Thus Fabricius Gulielmus Fabricius in his fourth Cent. Observ 85. relateth a History as also the Cure of a monstrous Varix The story is this There was saith he a certain extraordinary strong man who had in his left Leg a malignant and inveterate great Ulcer together with a Varix of a vast magnitude For in thickness it was equal unto that part of the Arm that is next unto the Wrist and it was welnigh a span long Now it began in the very Ham and descending toward the Foot it made a Ring and two Circumvolutions But that which was here worthy of observation was this That so soon as ever the man lift up his Leg any thing high forthwith the blood drew back and no sooner did he put it again upon the ground but it again descended and that in an instant and moment And in short the blood did ebb and flow no otherwise than as if it had out of some narrow pipe been cast forth somtimes into this and somtimes into that part As for the Cure he thus proceeded in it Having appointed unto the Patient a fit course of Diet and several times likewise purged his body and having also opened a Vein in the Arm of the same side he placed the sick person upon a Bench and then in the very Ham he gently separated the Skin from the Vein it self Then with a thread twice doubled and put into the Eye of a crooked Needle he woond about the Varix and in the lower part of the Varix he proceeded in the very same manner But before he tied the thread and made fast the knot he caused his Leg to be taken off the Bench and set upon the ground and this he did to the end that the blood according to its custom might flow downward At length he first of al tied the thred hard in the upper part of the Varix and then he fastened it with a knot thus he did afterward likewise in the lower part This being done with a Penknife he maketh an incision in the almost uppermost part of the Varix that so the blood that was contained in the Varix as in a long and little bag might the better flow unto it But when the flux of blood proved to be greater than what was proportionable unto the greatness of the Varix and that he attentively and exactly viewed the place there was found a blind passage which from out of the lower part of the Ligature entered into the Varix This passage whenas it could not be tied with a thread he first applied unto the entrance thereof some of the Escharotick Unguent and after that he applied in great abundance his own Pouder together with the white of an Egg for the stanching of the blood flowing from it and al these things he bound fast on with a Swathband throughly moistened and wet in Oxycrate and thus he left it even until the day following At length he cured the Wounds that himself had made after the manner of others And so this man by Gods gracious assistance became perfectly whol and sound Chap. 45. Of the Elephantiasis of the Arabians WHat kind of Affect Elephantiasis and Elephantia of the Greeks is as likewise Lepra of the Arabians we have told you before in the 40. Chapter to wit that it is a malignant Tumor of the whol body and as it were an universal Cancer And of that Tumor Avicen in his third Book Fen. 3. Tract 3. Chap. 1. And Rhases in his sixth Book to Almansor and Chap. 35. have discoursed at large But as for the Elephantia of which the Greeks speak not one word the Arabian Physitians make frequent mention thereof Elephantia of the Arabians as being neerly allied unto the aforesaid Varices and having its original from them and being only a Tumor of the Feet Of this Elephantia Avicen treateth in his third Book Fen. 22. Tract 1. Chap. 18. where he likewise handleth Varices Rhases in his ninth Book to Almansor Chap. 93. Yet notwithstanding Haly Abbas dissenteth from these and followeth the Greek Physitians in the eighth Book of his Theoric Chap. 15. and in the fourth Book of his Practice Chap. 3. Which last saith that Elephas is a disease corrupting al the Members of the Body and as it were an universal Cancer But neither do we find this Author alwaies in one and the same opinion for in the eighth of his Theoric Chap. 18. we have him writing thus Those Vlcers saith he that arise in the Feet and in the Thigh are called Elephas And the Elephantiack Disease is a melancholy Apostem that appeareth in the Thighs and in the Feet and the sign thereof is this that the shape and figure of the Foot is like unto and much resembleth the figure of an Elephants foot All the rest of them treat of Lepra and Elephantia apart and severally and they say that Elephantia is a Tumor of the Feet arising from melancholy and flegmy blood and from Varices by reason of which blood the feet of the sick person are in their figure and thickness very like unto the Feet of an Elephant And this kind of Tumor is oftentimes to be seen in the highway Beggars that get their livelyhood by asking relief in those publick and common places Signs The Affect it self is manifest enough whenas the Thighs of the sick persons are tumid and much swoln very red and sometimes wan and leaden colored and oftentimes black and for the most part ful and abounding with Ulcers Prognosticks But it is very rarely cured not only because such as are herewith affected are for the most part of the meaner sort and condition and therefore are not able to allow themselves Physick but also because that from al parts of the body there are abundance of Humors thrust forth thither viz. unto the Feet The Cure And
therefore there is no Cure at al to be hoped for unless those vitious humors be oftentimes evacuated and emptied forth of the body and the vitious dispositions of the Bowels from whence there is a continual supply of those naughty and corrupt humors be corrected and as Avicen in the place alleadged writeth The whol sum and substance of the Cure consisteth in the continuing and perpetuating of the cure until it be perfected Which how and by what means it may and ought to be accomplished we have hitherto oftentimes declared unto you And now when this is done the growth and encrease of the Tumor is to be prevented by astringent and drying Medicaments and that which is already in being ought to be discussed by strong Resolvers But if the Malady hath been of long continuance and be now confirmed there is scarcely any the least hope of recovery left of which see further in Rhases his ninth Book to Almansor Chap. 93. Antonius Saporta in his fourth Book of Preternatural Tumors The tumor of the Hands and Chap. 25. applieth al whatsoever the Mauritanians assert touching this Elephantia unto a certain Tumor of the Hands but this he doth much besides their minds For when the Mauritanians speak of this Elephantia they do not so much as make any the least mention of the Hands but only of the Feet And yet in the mean time it is not to be denied which I have somtimes observed and in the second Book of our Practice Part 1. Chap. 25. given the Reader notice thereof although I have not as yet met with any Author that maketh any mention in special of this Tumor that oftentimes also the Hands the rest of the body being sound and wel do so swel up that being pressed down by the fingers in the manner of the Oedema they leave a pit or dent behind them Which Mâ—lady without al doubt hath its or original from humors cold and thick And unless it be timely and in the very first rise of it met withal and presently cured it is very rare that it afterward admitteth of any Cure in regard that the sick persons refuse for the most part universal evacuations of the body without which this Malady is not to be removed and wil not away with the tediousness of a long Cure Universal Evacuations of the body having gone before and the Bowels in which the vitious humors are generated having been first strengthened then afterwards the stronger sort of discussers are to be administred viz. Such as are made of Camomile Flowerdeluce Root round Aristolochy or Birthwort Walflowers Ammoniack Bdellium Opopanax and the like Chap. 46. of Particular Tumors THere is likewise by Physitians frequent mention made of other Tumors but they are such as either may be referred unto those Tumors that have been already hitherunto treated of by us or else they have been spoken of and explained among the particular Affects of Mans body so that it wil be altogether needless here to add any thing more in special unto what hath already been said of them in general We treated of the Tumors of the Brain in the first Book of our Practice Part 1. Chap. 28. Of the Fungi of the Brain ibid. chap. 26. Of Hydrocephalus ibid. chap. 29. Of the Tumors of the Eyelids ibid. Part 3. sect 2. chap. 2 3 4 5. Of the Ophthalmy ibid. chap. 12. 13. of Vnguis Oculi i. e. the Nail or web of the Eye ibid. chap. 14. of the adnate Tunicle ibid. chap. 17. of the Cancer of the Cornea Tunicle ibid. chap. 19. of Suggillatio of The Eyes ibid. chap. 22. of Encanthis ibid. chap. 31. of the Inflammation of the Ears ibid. part 3. sect 3. chap. 2. of the Cancer of the Nostrils ibid. sect 4. chap. 2. of Polypus ibid. chap. 3. of the Tumors of the Lips in the second Book of our Practice part 1. chap. 1 2. of the Tumors of the Gums ibid. chap. 10. of the Inflammation of the Mouth ibid. chap. 18. of the Inflammation of the Wesand ibid. chap. 21. of the Iaflammation of the Tonsils ibid. chap. 22. of Angina i. e. the Quinsie ibid. chap. 24. of Strumae in the Neck and the Dropsie in the Throat ibid. chap. 25. of the Inflammation of the Lungs ibid. Part 2. chap. 3. of the Tubercles of the Lungs ibid. chap. 9. of the Inflammation of the Midtif ibid. chap. 13. of the Tumors of the Diaphragm ibid. chap. 14. of the Pleuresie ibid. chap. 16. of Gibbosity ibid. chap. 12. of the Inflammation of the Stomack Book 3. Part 1. chap. 12. of the cold Tumors of the Stomack ibid. chap. 13. of the Inflammation of the Intestines ibid. Part 2. Sect. 1. chap. 2. of the Tumors of the straight Gut and in special of the Haemorrhoids Condylomata swellings in the Fundament so called Thymi and Ficus ibid. chap. 10. of the Inflammation of the Mesentery ibid. Part 3. chap. 4. of the Tumors of the Cawl or Kel ibid. chap. 7. 8. of the Inflammation of the Spleen ibid. chap. 5. of the of the Spleen ibid. chap. 6. of the of the Inflammation of the Liver Book 3. Sect. 1. chap. 4. Scirrhus of the Scirrhus of the Liver ib. chap. 5. of the Dropsie Ascires ibid. Part 6. Sect. 2. chap. 3. of the Inflammation and Tumors of the Reins ibid. Part 7. Sect. 1. chap. 8. 9. of the Inflammation of the Bladder ibid. Part 8. Sect. 1. chap. 4. of the Tubercles in the Urinary passage ibid. chap. 9. of the Tumors of the Testicles ibid. Part 3. Sect. 1. chap. 3. of the Rupture and Tumors in the Scrotum or Cods ibid. chap. 7. of the Tubercles Warts of the Yard ibid. chap. 9. of the Inflammation of the Navel ibid. Part. 10. chap. 3. of the Inflammation of the Muscles of the Abdomen ib. chap. 9. of the Pustules of Womenâ— Privities Book 4. Part 1. Sect. 1. chap. 4. of the Condylomata of the Womb ibid. chap. 5. of the Warts of Womens Privities ibid. chap. 6. of the Cancer of the Womb ibid. chap. 11. of the Dropsie of the Womb ibid. Sect. 2. chap. 11. of the Tumor of the Womb from Blood ibid. chap. 12. of the Inflammation of the Womb ibid. chap. 13. of the Scirrhus and Cancer of the Womb ibid. chap. 14. of the Tumors of the Testicles in Women ibid. chap. 20. of Crusta Lactea Achores and Favi Tract of the Diseases of Infants Part 2. chap. 3. of Tinea ibid. chap. 5. of Hydrocephalus ibid. chap. 6. of Siriasis ibid. chap. 7. of Aphae ibid. chap. 13. Touching the flatulent Tumors we have likewise in special treated of them in our former Books to wit of the Inflation of the Eye-lids in the first Book of our Pract. Part 3. Sect. 2. chap. 2. of the Inflation of the Stomack Book 3. Part 1. Sect. 1. chap. 11. of the Colick pain ibid. Part 2. Sect. 2. chap. 4. of the Inflation of the Spleen ibid.
busied in the removal of the distemper The Cure A Distemper sheweth that the alteration ought to be by the contraries Yet nevertheless the Cure ought so to be ordained that the ulcer as far forth as may be may not be neglected If yet nevertheless we cannot be helpful unto both of them at once and together then in this case it behoveth us to be most intent about that that is most urgent But since that the distemper hath in it the nature of a cause and that it being present the ulcer cannot be cured the distemper is therefore first of al to be removed unless it be so that with one labor and pains both the distemper may be removed and the ulcer cured If the distemper be with matter there wil then likewise be need of universals of which we shall speak further in the following Chapter The Cure of a hot distemper But as for the distemper that is without any matter at al of which we treat here in this Chapter and withal hot this hot distemper indicateth and pointeth at cooling Remedies which ought to be milder or stronger according unto the excess of the heat And albeit the ulcer requireth drying Medicaments yet nevertheless in regard that the very heat it self by consuming the humors doth render the ulcer more dry we must therefore make use of the milder and gentler sort of dryers but yet notwithstanding these ought withal to be such as are likewise endued with an astringent power that so the flux which the heat is wont easily to excite may be inhibited and restrained Moreover since that the heat is wont to produce pain let the Medicaments therefore be such as have in them a power withal of mitigating pain or at least such as are altogether free from any such faculty of exciting pain and therefore let them be such as want the drying and abstersive power Wherefore those Medicaments are useful and proper that are made of the Juyce and Water of Roses of Plantane Endive Vinegar Saunders Bole-armenick Nightshade burnt Lead Cadmia Sugar of Saturn Oyl of Roses Turpentine Plantane Water often washed Or else let there be administred the Unguent of Roses the cooling Unguent of Galen the Unguent of Ceruss of Nightshade the Santaline Unguent and the white Unguent As for instance Take Oyl of Roses Turpentine Rose water or Plantane water often washed of each one ounce Barly meal as much as wil suffice and make a Liniment Or Take Lead burnt and Pompholyx both of them washed of each one dram and half Oyl of Roses and Violets of each one ounce and half Wax a sufficient quantity make herewith an Vnguent The Cooling Medicaments may not only be imposed upon the very Ulcer it self but likewise upon the parts that lie nigh unto it and round about it And therefore we may not only anoynt those parts with the aforesaid Unguents but we may likewise impose the said Unguents upon them with a Swath-band that hath been first wâ— in the Juyce of Plantane Lettice or Nightshade or the Decoction made of Myrtles of Pomegranate rindes Pomegranate flowers Saunders Plantane Bolearmenick and the like adding unto the Decoction a sufficient quantity of sharp and sowr Wine The hot Distemper being removed the Ulcer as it is wont to be done is to be cured with Sarcoticks which yet notwithstanding ought to be less hot and dry lest that the hot distemper be called back again The Cold Distemper of the Ulcer requireth heating Remedies The Cure of a cold distemper such as are the Oyl of St. Johns wort Oyl of Spiknard of the Flowerdeluce of Camomile of Rue of Dill the Sirup and Honey of Roses Rosin of the Fir Tree of the Larch Tree the Spirit of Wine the Cerote of Betony And indeed Liniments and Unguents made out of these are imposed upon the Ulcer it self But externally and upon the neer adjoyning parts there are to be imposed Fomentations made and prepared together with a strong and generous Wine of the Decoction of Sage Hysop Wormwood Organy Rue Mints Bay Leaves and Camomile flowers or else let the said parts be anoynted al over with those hot Remedies even now mentioned or else let the Cerote of Betony be laid thereon A dry Distemper requireth moysteners The Cure of a dry Distemper And here water a little warm is of good use if with it the Ulcer or rather the parts neer unto the ulcer be besprinkled or fomented For albeit Hippocrates in his Book of ulcers teacheth us that we ought not to moisten universal ulcers unless it be with Wine and further addeth that what is dry cometh neer unto that that is found and that that is moist cometh not nigh unto it and although Galen in his third Book of the Method of Physick and Chap. 4. and in his first Book of the Composit of Medicaments according to the kinds and Chap. 6. writeth that no moistening Medicament is fit and convenient in the Cure of ulcers and least of all Water yet nevertheless these things are altogether to be understood of an ulcer as an ulcer for the which Moisteners are no waies useful and proper But if there be conjoyned with the ulcer a dry Distemper that hindereth the Cure thereof then the Cure of the ulcer being as it were left for a while we ought to apply Remedies unto the dry Distemper until such time that we find that the part affected hath recovered its pristine due temper And lastly The Cure of a moist Distemper a Moist Distemper sheweth us that drying Remedies must be made use of And because that an ulcer doth otherwise require drying Medicaments therefore the Sarcoticks that we here make use of ought to be stronger than in a simple ulcer and such are the Roots of sweet Cyperus or English Galangal Hoâ—ehound the Spume or fâ—oth of Silver burnt Lead Chalcitis the drossie scales of Iron and Brass and such like out of which Medicaments are to be provided fitting and proportionable unto the greatness of the distemper of every ulcer For by how much the moister the ulcer is by so much the more forcibly and strongly drying ought the Remedies that are required to be And on the Contrary if the ulcer be but little or nothing moist then the Remedies that we administer ought to be more mildly and gently drying which is done by adding unto the stronger sort of them Oyl Rosin and Wax For by how much the more there is of these added unto the former drying Medicaments by so much the more is their drying faculty and power abated and weakned and by how much the less by so much the more strong and entire doth their drying faculty remain The ulcer may first of all be washed for the cleansing away the filth and nastiness thereof with Wine or Posca in which Astringents and Dryers such as are sweet Cyperus Root St. Johns wort Wormwood Roses Betony and Sage have been boyled after this some of the aforesaid Medicaments may
Womb from the pollution of the blood and the corrupted seed and that it did consist and was nourished in the Womb of the Mother or that this Maiden being then but an Embryo in the Womb of the Mother while it yet lay therein suffered somthing from the nauseousness and vomiting of the Mother and from affrightment befalling her or from some grievous Affect that she lay under He conceiveth moreover that the Mother might be affrighted and terrified upon the sight of some Sepulchre or that she happened to come in place where they were anointing some dead body or that she took conceit and a loathing from the putrid and stinking Excrements that flow from such as lie in child-bed or else that she was some way or other greatly affected by these and the like accidents You may read more hereof in the alleadged Epistle of Libavius And another Example of the stink of the whol body the same Libavius hath in the following Epistle where he writeth that he wel knew a certain yong woman that after she was married and living in Wedlock while she had her Courses had such a stink coming from her as never Jakes had worse and that during this time her Husband lived very discontentedly as one much afflicted therewith THE FIFTH BOOK THE THIRD PART SECT II. Of things amiss in the Hair and Nails Chap. 1. Of the Nature of the Hairs AFter the faults of the Skin we wil and that not unfitly subjoyn those things that are amiss in the Hair For the Hair is fixed in the Skin neither is it any where else to be found but in the Skin Neither indeed are the Vices of the Hair to be passed over in silence in regard that even these are although ignoble yet parts of the body For as no man can wel deny That the Nails the Hoofs and Horns of al living Creatures and likewise that the Feathers in Birds are parts of their body and that none can wel say that a Peacocks Tail and al the various Feathers in Birds that are of so many several colors I say as none can wel affirm that these Feathers affording so great variety are a thing meerly excrementitious and not parts of their body so likewise it is in no wise to be denied that the Hairs are also a part of the body And this we are sufficiently taught by the conformation of them by their various figure and their different colors The same is likewise proved by the use of them and so also by their diseases touching which we shal speak hereafter and especially that we cal Plica Polonica And lastly That very effective and conformative power that the Hair hath as wel as other parts as we shal by and by shew you cleerly demonstrateth the truth of this And the growing of the Hairs again after their being cut doth not in the least prove that they therefore are no parts For both the Nails and the Hoofs the Claws of Lobsters and in certain bruit Beasts the Horns after they are shed and fallen off yet they grow forth again and so do likewise the Teeth in Men and Women We are indeed vulgarly but erroneously taught That Hairs are generated when from the heat of our bodies fuliginous and thick vapors are out of the third Concoction elevated in the parts of our body and are driven unto the pores of the Skin in the streight passages whereof whiles they stick they are there conglutinated until at the length the pore being filled up other vapors coming underneath drive it forward and these vapors are likewise followed close by other vapors and after them by more and so in the end they are thrust forth out of the pore and the hair is formed which afterward the like vapors succeeding and thrusting forth the hair and agglutinating themselves unto the root thereof it thence cometh to be prolonged But now if the Hair should be generated in this manner The breeding of the Hair a reason could not then be given why hair should not alike be bred in al parts of the body and in those parts where they are bred why there should be in some places more store thereof in some less and why some of them are alwaies growing when others grow not at al. In the Neck and Face there grow no hairs naturally but in the Head and Cheeks there are great abundance of them as also in the privy Parts in the Armpits Eyelids and above the Eyelids on the Eye-brows The hair in the head and beard is ever growing and is continually lengthened out but those hairs that are in the Eyelids ever keep at one and the same length and moreover they evermore remain straight And furthermore no cause could at al be given wherefore men only should have Beards and that women should not likewise have them whenas notwithstanding women have on their heads most usually the longer hair Moreover the hair is by Aristotle in his third Book of the History of living Creature Chap. 12. distinguished into that which is bred toegther with us such as is the hair of the head eyelids eyebrows and that that is afterwards bred to wit such as at length ariseth in process of time as age comes on of which there could no cause at al be rendered if according to the vulgar opinion the hairs had their original out of those vapors that break forth And therefore there is some other cause of the hairs original to be sought for in the discovery of which Galen hath also been very curious and taken great pains insomuch that he here taketh occasion which otherwise he doth but very seldom to make mention of the wisdom power and goodness of Almighty God the Author and Framer of al things and he hath here endeavored to examine his Omnipotency and Wisdom in this particular and to confute Moses as we may see in his eleventh Book of the use of the Parts Chap. 14. But if we seriously weigh the matter we cannot by any means grant that the hairs are bred only from the excrements or the vapors exhaling out of the body and sticking in some certain places but we are rather to determine that they are generated from the formative we may term it the pilifique or hair-breeding faculty for the causes a little before mentioned And that the hairs are generated not only from some kind of fuliginous vapors but from a matter that is far more solid and neerly allied unto the matter of the Nails and Horns we are taught even by this that the hairs are not easily corrupted but are even after death preserved a long while whol and entire Touching which Gabriel de Zerbis relateth a History in his Book of the Anatomy of Mans Body in the Title of the Anatomy of the Hair fol. 15. in these very words At Rome we both saw and touched saith he the dead body of a Woman buried in the way called Appia just opposite unto the why where Cicero was buried and
are likewise extant and in divers places here and there in the Writings of Valescus de Taranta Rondeletius Vallerius Trincavellius and other Practical Physitians And this is likewise in the use of the stronger sort of Medicaments to be observed that in the beginning the more liquid and softer Medicaments and such as are tempered by the mixture of Oyls that somwhat abate the force of the stronger Medicaments may be administred and after the use of the first Medicament we are to look what alteration it hath made in the part affected and afterward as need shal require the strength thereof is either to be augmented or abated Now whether or no there be any alteration made may be discovered by this especially if we take notice and wel observe whether the skin after the use of the Medicament be made ever a whit the redder or no or whether it were made red by a light and gentle or else by a stronger friction For we ought to be very cautious that the skin be not burnt through by the too often repeated use of the stronger Medicaments And as touching the use of Compound Medicaments you are likewise to take this advice to wit That if the hair be altogether shaven off it wil be then more convenient to apply Medicaments of a more solid form such as are Emplasters but if the hair be not shaven away then those Medicaments that are liquid and soft such as are Liniments and Unguents But then the weaker Topical Medicaments are to be continued unto the head both day and night that so they may exercise and put forth their strength and vertue But if the Medicaments be of the stronger sort they are then to be detained upon the head so long until there appear to be some alteration in the skin caused by them and that there begin to arise some kind of pain And therefore in the use of the stronger the place affected is dayly once or twice to be viewed and if the Medicaments have strongly affected the place we are then to return to the milder sort of them and the place is to be anointed with Goose Fat Oyl of Dill or the like Anodyne Medicament For if the stronger Medicaments be too long kept upon the skin it wil burn the same And Christophorus a Vega writeth that he had â—â—en very many who by the use of Medicaments that were overstrong were thereby brought unto a perpetual baldness and continued beardless unto their dying day The Diet. A good and due course of Diet maketh very much also for the curing of the said Alopecia and Ophiasis which let it be such as that good blood may be thereby bred and the encrease of bad humors prevented And therefore let the Patients meat be of a good juyce that may bring the depraved humors unto a benign and good temper Let the Patient abstain from Wine before his body be purged because that Wine carrieth the bad humors that are detained in the body along with it into the Veins But when the body shal be sufficiently purged then the Patient may drink that Wine that is temperate and a little sweet seeing that it nourisheth wel and breedeth good blood Let the Air in which he breatheth be hot Chap. 5. Of Tinea or Worms eating off the roots of the Hair AMong those Affects in the which the Hairs fal off that Affect is by no means to be passed over in silence in the which the hairs indeed not whol but in pieces or piece-meal as we say fal off being eaten through and consumed by certain Worms There are but very few Authors that make mention of this Affect neither as it seems was it known unto Platerus though otherwise a most experienced Physitian whom we find thus writing There are some saith he who affirm that the hairs of the head and beard have been gnawn and eaten asunder by certain Worms so smal that they could hardly be discerned But yet nevertheless it is an Affect that is commonly known with us and I my self have often seen it and it hath been offered unto me to Cure Our Germans cal it Haarmilben oder Milen And this kind of smal Worms that are scarcely visible to the Eye and which whether they have in them any life or not we cannot discover but only by their motion are bred in Cheese Honey if there be but a little bread added thereto old Wax Prunes and dried Cherries and divers other things besides And without doubt this species of little Worms is of the same kind with those that as Aristotle writeth are the least sort of al Worms and that they breed in old Wax and in Wood and in his fifth Book of the History of living Creatures Chap. 32. he calleth them Acari A Latine word there is none other for it unless we think good to cal it Tinea because that like as Garments are eaten by the moth so are the hairs likewise by these Worms being bred in the hair The Causes As Lice and other kind of Vermine have their certain matter out of which they are bred all kind of Vermine being not generated from al kind of matter which cannot possibly be known but by experience even so likewise this kind of smal Worms is bred as we have said in Wax Honey old Cheese Cherries and dried Prunes as also in the hair of the Head and oftentimes in the Beard But without doubt they have their original from a certain excremetitious humor that together with the Aliment of the hair penetrateth into the said hairs and there being cherished by the heat of the Head it converteth into little Worms that afterward sticking unto the hair for from whence they are generated from thence they seek their nourishment they corrode the same so that they fal off piecemeal Signs Diagnostick This Affect is sufficiently manifest of it self For the hairs are made shotter and unequal some of them being more and some less Curtaild These little Worms stick in the extremities of the said hairs and there they from day to day corrode and decurtail them but whether or no they stick likewise in the midst of the hairs for this we must Consult the Sight and take an exact view of the hair thus affected The color likewise of the hair if it be black is changed and by reason of those little Worms sticking unto them it becometh in some certain places as it were of the color of Ashes The Prognostick The truth is that this Affect hath in it no danger at all and yet nevertheless it causeth a very great deformity and unfightliness especially in the Beard by making the hairs unequal some of them being shorter and some longer and the Beard it self seemeth foul sluttish and Nasty This Affect is also hard to be cured The Cure For the Cure hereof there will be need of those Medicaments that Cleanâ—e away these small Worms and that digest and discuss the matter from whence they are generated Neither doth it seem
now become far worse than before the color of the hair should likewise be changed neither that the hairs that retain their own natural conformation and nutrition even until a mans death should only from some filth and snot that is wont to happen unto those things that putresie suffer any such like thing as that we now speak of But now that in Vitiligo and Leuca this color is preternaturally changed it is doubtless from this That in the said Affects there is not supplied unto the hair so good an aliment but such as is full of excrements and especially flegmatick excrements But in such as are hoary before their time in these no doubt there is a fault and somthing amiss even in the very humors and if not in the whol body yet at least in the head and temper of the brain Neither is it impossible but that these who are thus hoary in their youth or middle age may come to be thus affected and to suffer what we are now speaking of either by reason of the Seed or some disposition in the Testicles and we have already told you before that evermore the Seed and the Testicles do make very much in the change of the color of the hair And again since that the Passions and Affects of the mind especially fear and terror may possibly effect such notable changes in the humors and that they may likewise greatly affect the brain it is therefore no wonder that in a short time hoariness should be produced from that change that is made in the humors For if from a smal Cloud or the Air or a hurtful Wind blowing upon Trees the color of their Leaves may be changed and the Leaves mâ—â— thereupon wither the Tree it self and other parts thereof remaining safe and untouched it is not impossible also but that the color of the hairs as of the most ignoble parts of out body may likewise be changed from some humor or spirit suddenly invading and seizing upon them And this may be also confirmed even by that which Hollerius in his first Perioche writeth to wit That the hairs have suddenly been turned white and hoary by the vapor of Hydrarge Signs Diagnostick The change of the color of the hair into whiteness or hoariness is sufficiently manifest of it self neither is there any need of signs to discover it And if in the declining age the hair grow hoary it is no more than what is natural and this change is made but slowly as coming by degrees as age encreaseth Bur if this happen before old age although it be but slowly yet it is preternatural but it is much more preternatural if a man or woman become hoary al on a sudden Prognosticks 1. That hoariness that is natural as happening in old age can no way be amended as neither likewise can the witheredness in old age yea indeed it ought not so much as to be attempted by the Physitian since that the hoary head is rather an ornament unto those that are old than any thing of which they should be ashamed 2. But that which is preternatural as it ought to be corrected in regard that it signifieth some kind of preternatural affect and vitious disposition in the brain more especially so it also may be amended since that if the said vitious disposition be amended the color of the hair wil likewise be changed 3. That hoariness that is from the Vitiligo a kind of Leprosie is upon the curing of the said Disease likewise amended The Cure The hoariness that is incident unto old age as we have already told you cannot any waies he amended neither indeed ought it to be palliated and hid with any artificial fucus and he that shal attempt any such thing may deservedly be laughed at touching whom Martial in the fifth Book of his Epigrams thus Thou seemst Lentinus by thy dy'd hairs young again And soon art made a Crow that wast erewhile a Swan Thou canst not al deceive for Proserpine wel knows Thy hoary head and wil discover thy false shews But that hoariâ—â— that is caused by Vitiligo and Alphus is taken away upon the removal of the said Diseases and especially if Medicaments that prolong the haiâ—â—â—â—ministred For then new hair growing up from the good aliment those old hoary hairs wil be soon abolished But if immaturely and before the due time this hoariness threaten or suddenly invade any person whether man or woman the better to preserve from it and to cure it if present we must do our best endeavor that good blood may be produced in the whol body and especially in the head that may supply unto the hair a good and fit aliment and withal the vitious humors if there are any such present are to be evacuated Neither ought the particular evacuation of the head by Steâ—nutatories and Erâ—hines to be omitted And after this we are to make use of those Medicaments that strengthen the Native heat of the body and more especially the brain touching which we have already spoken in their proper place The Arabians commend this Confection Take of the black Myrobalans without their Kernels five ounces Ginger Ammi or Bishops weed of each ten drams let them be throughly moistened with Butter and then add Sugar of Penidies to the quantity of the one half give often of this Medicament one dram Topicks As for what concerneth Topicks Galen indeed in his first Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the places Chap. 3. propoundeth Medicaments that are hot and of thin parts when he had a purpose to discuss and scatter the snotty filth and to dry up the superfluous humidities in the skin But unless that there afterward flow thereto such a like aliment that may again generate hair of the Natural color such Medicaments as these wil avail but little Others there are therefore that make use only of those Medicaments that dye and make black the hair In doing of which notwithstanding we are well to heed and weigh what honesty wil allow of and withal we are to take heed that by no means we bring any hurt unto the Brain For these Medicaments that make black having most of them an astringent power and being withal cold are very apt to produce the Apoplexy Epilepsie deep and profound sleep Catarrhs and the like Maladies and this Galen tels us he hath seen and observed to befal some certain Women in his time But now among these like Medicaments Galen preferreth Cadmia or Brass Oar before al the other in regard that by this Medicament the haiâ—s are made black the rottenness and filthy snot is discussed and the il disposition of the head amended The Oyl of Costus is also commended and so is the Oyl of Coloquintida or bitter Gourd of Nightshade and of Mustard seed Some few hours after the anointing let the head be washed with a Ley of the ashes of Beans Nutshels in which Litharge hath been boyled or with a Ley in which the Pulp
Johannes Prevotius principal Professor of Physick in the University of Padua maketh in that Letter of Advice and Counsel which he wrote unto the Illustrious and most generous Lord Nicolaus Sapieha chief Standard-bearer unto the great Dukedom of Lituania and Earl of Coden c. I shal anon give you the whol Letter at large where he thus writeth The Nature of this poyson saith he is altogether unknown so that as it seems to me it was truly spoken by that illustrious person who said in my hearing that the Boors inhabiting within his Territories had sound out more of the original of this Plica the progress and the Cure thereof than any of those Authors that had written concerning it of which there hath been never a one of them that as yet hath had the fortune to restore unto perfect health any one that hath been afflicted with the said Plica The Physick Professors of Padua have indeed made trial there of very many Remedies but al to no purpose The same aforesaid Noble person Count of Coden himself told me that a certain Padua Physitian induced thereunto as it were by the signature shape of the Disease for they that are affected with the true and perfect Plica seem in a manner to have Serpents hanging down from their heads and as it were the head of the Monster Gorgon prescribed him some Vipers to eat but without any success at al. And that another of them had provided him a Psilothrum Oyntment to use instead of the usual Ley perswading him to condescend unto the cutting off of his hair promising him an artificial covering for his head but that being advised to the contrary by a German a student in Physick unto whom this Disease was not altogether unknown and one who wel understood the danger that was like to follow upon the rooting out al his hair he therefore refused it But although I dare not arrogate unto my self a perfect knowledg of this Disease and albeit that in no case we cannot attain unto the perfect and exact knowledg of Diseases that depend upon an occult and secret Cause yet nevertheless what I know touching the Nature of this Disease by means of my converse with the Noble Earl before mentioned who was afflicted therewith and what I conceive touching the Cause thereof I wil here briefly acquaint you with that in so doing I may give a further occasion and encouragement unto such as live in those Regions where this Disease is commonly and familiarly known to publish what is come to their knowledg touching this Disease It seems not to me to be any new Disease For although it hath hitherto been unknown unto the people of Italy and most of the European Regions yet nevertheless I see no reason at al why it should not be common and frequent in Polonia many Ages past as wel as now since that the causes that produce the same at this day might then be present as wel as now only that there were then wanting Physitians that might inquire into and acquaint us with what they knew touching the Nature of this Disease Now as for the Nature of it we are first to take notice of this to wit that this Disease as for what concerns the name thereof is known indeed from the intricateness and intangling of the hairs yet notwithstanding that the said Plica is only somwhat that is Critical as it were arising from the expulsion of the vitious matter out of the body and that the said Plica bringeth no danger at al along with it unto the affected person who oftentimes bears it about with him al his whol life without any the least damage But that which most of al threateneth danger unto the diseased party is that vitious humor which yet sticking fast in the body exciteth those most grievous symptoms that have been before recounted in the History of this Disease which cease al of them afterward so soon as the matter is thrust forth unto the hair And moreover this is further to be added unto the History That in such as are thus affected especially if the Disease proceed unto the height not only the hairs are vitiated but the nails also and more especially in the feet but most of al in the great Toes thereof which become rough long and black like unto the horn of a Goat and this I observed in the afore mentioned noble Lord Nicolaus Sapieha and I have heard that the very same hath also befallen unto others But now this Vice is not without cause referred unto and reckoned among Diseases in regard that the hairs are not wholly to be excluded out of the number of the parts And it is to be referred unto the Diseases of Conformation seeing that the hairs neither retain that figure that they ought naturally to have neither do they every of them appear single and severed as they should but are variously complicated among themselves and entwisted one within the other so that of many hairs there is made one long thick intangled and frightful lock And yet notwithstanding that the Distemper of the hairs is likewise changed cannot be denied in regard that there floweth unto them a preternatural humor and such like hairs as these when they are cut pour forth blood As touching the Causes thereof in the first place these things that are commonly believed and by tradition pass from hand to hand touching the paines that is taken by the Incubi Infants not baptized and other Spirits besides in the weaving of the long ugly and frightful Locks there is none but may easily perceive that they are meerly fabulous and superstitious But that this vice of the hair as wel as many other Diseases may somtimes proceed from Witchcraft and Inchantment appeareth even by the Observation of Christophorus Rumbaumus Doctor and Professor of Physick and my fellow Citizen which Hercules Saxonia reporteth to be Extant in the Observations of Johannes Schenckius the Elder in the seventh Book in these very words of Rumbaumus In the yeer 1590. while I was a long time bestowing my pains though all in vain in the Cure of a Mans Wife who out of the Lees of Beer artificially destilled Brandy Wine at Uâ—atislavia being newly brought to bed and by reason of a great and sudden affrightment upon occasion of a lamentable sire burning the next adjoyning houses taken with an Inflammation of the Lungs upon the retention of her Courses Secundine and what should afterward have come from her and this Inflammation through her own carelessness terminating in an Impostume of the Lungs and the Consumption a certain Emperick an old Woman came unto her and offering her pains promised present help Which she would by no means admit of Whereupon the Emperical old Woman growing much enraged uttering many threatning words she causeth her to be shut out of doors and then presently as she was wont she fals a washing and Cleansing away the filth of her Head having first Combed plaited
unto my remembrance a certain Drink no doubt at the first brought thither out of Polonia that was much in use in my Country in the City Vratislavia and it is made of Bears-breech the vulgar cal it by the common Polonian name Barsiez or as the Germans pronounce it Barkech which those that are Feaverish and especially the great Drinkers after their excessive Cups the day before use in their broths and in their ordinary Drink to asswage their chirst Now it is made in this manner The Leaves of Bears-breech dried are boyled in a sufficient quantity of Water that the Decoction may get only a yellow and not a purple color Unto the Decoction there is added a little Leaven or Breâ—d twice baked made of the Pounder of Bears-â—â—ch with the sour Leaven of fine white Bread â—â—d then for some certain daies set in a warm place where it gets a boyling heat and fermentation until such time as it hath contracted a caste somwhat tart and sour But now whether or no this kind of Drink hath a power of doing any thing toward the expulsion of the matter in this Disease we are to consult with Experience And it is their part who live in those places to make publick those Medicaments that use hath taught them to be fit and profitable that so al their Experiences being conferr'd together there may at the length be composed a Method of Curing this Disease But in regard that the Plica hath some symptoms common with the Scurvy such as are the pains of the Limbs Cramps and the like and that the aforesaid illustrious Count Nicolaus Sapieha was affected with both those Diseases I think it not amiss therefore here to place the History of his Disease which wil add some light unto what we but even now spake touching the Plica and to what we have likewise before in the third Book of our Practice written concerning the Scurvy The History of the Disease of that Generous and Illustrious Lord Count Nicolaus Sapieha Earl of Coden Chief Standard-bearer of the great Dukedom of Lituania c. This Illustrious Count without doubt contracted this his Disease of the Plica in his own Country from the same common cause from whence the vulgar have it but as for the Scurvy he got it from the many Errors by him committed in his Dyet during his various troublesom Journeys throughout almost al Europe and from the Quartan Feaver that followed upon the same For when in the heat of Summer as himself related the story unto me he had travelled over the Pyrenean Mountains out of France into Spain and in this his Journey had drunk good store of Wine out of bladders that was corrupt and ful of Vermin the Autumn following in Spain he fel into a Quartan Ague The long continuance whereof having made him impatient and being quite tired out with the tediousness of a Methodical Cure he committed himself unto a certain Soldier for Cure who took some certain Cups of the strongest Spanish Wine and into the same he puâ—s the pouder of al sorts of sweet Spices and this Wine he gave him to drink not only to satiety but even to Ebriety until he had made him almost drunk by which be kindleth within him a continual Feaver which indeed lasted not long and quite took away the Quartan but yet nevertheless imprinted such a Dyscrasie in his Bowels and humors that shortly after the Scurvy followed thereupon With which being grievously afflicted at home in his own Country and yet notwithstanding so that he could not wel tel what the disease was he made a Journey unto Padua and there he committed himself for Cure unto the most Eminen Physitians of that University But yet he recovered not that health and strength that he had expected and hoped for and thereupon he is sent back again home into his own Countrey with this following Consilium which we may term a Direction Advice or Counsel The Advice of that most Famous and Eminent Doctor Johannes Prevotius Chief Professor of Physick in the University of Padua TOuching the manifold Diseases that this Noble person lieth under it is neither my purpose at large to treat of them since that I am not ignorant that they have already been discoursed of by some of the most Eminent Physitians in their long and learned Disputes neither indeed wil either the state and condition of mine own health not yet sufficiently confirmed permit the same nor likewise the health and safety so much desired by this illustrious person for whom I conceive that help and assistance is far more requisite than word â—nd tedious Discourses I shal therefore with al brevity state and determine the whol case and ingeâ—â—â—ly declare unto you my Opinion touching the same not that I may interpose my Judgment in opposition unto the Opinion of these grave and learned men but that I may in some measure gratifie the request of this eminent person and if I may any waies possibly be serviceable unto him in procuring his health that I may not in the least be wanting in the discharge of the Duty and Office of a Christian It seemeth therefore unto me that this illustrious Lord is disaffected with a twofold kind of Diseases the one of them most manifest depending upon Causes that are commonly known and confessed the other occult and secret the Causes whereof are as yet obscure neither seem they hitherto to be sufficiently expressed by any There is manifestly appearing a Catarrh of matter that is thick tenacious white oftentimes insipid and tastless and very rarely sharp and biting flowing and falling down unto the parts of the mouth and somtimes also unto the stomack There is moreover an exetraordinary pain of the lower belly returning afresh after long intervals and Cassations with an astriction and costiveness of the belly and a certain grievous and painful sense of extension and stretching about the Region of the Navel of the Hypochondria especially the left and somtimes also of the Loyns which indeed is wont in great part to cease upon the plentiful Evacuation of the Wind and a snotty kind of Excrement that comes from him To these we may add the Nephritick distemper and want of rest and sleep this latter being indeed very familiar and frequent with him for he usually passeth many whol nights together without sleep and the former to wit the distemper of the Kidneys hath now of a long time sorely troubled him with a redness and heat of his Urine and excretion of sand and gravel with his water The causes of al which Maladies it is most manifest that they are derived from the evil constitution of the internal Bowels and the excrements of several sorts from thence arising For the Brain being overmoist not without much weakness of the innate hear contracted by reason of a great wound he received in it at Paris engendereth much flegm there being added unto al this in a special manner the consent of
of Spoonwort Betony Sage Succory Germander Ground-pine Citron Rinds Candied the Root of Vipers Grass Candied Rob. Juniperi Confect Alcherm Syrup of Borrage Gilliflower Acetos Citri He made use also of the Wine of Spoonwort which is made if some handfuls of Spoonwort while it is yet green be bruised very smal and a few pints of Rhenish Wine poured thereto and then let them stand in a Cellar in a Glass Vessel for three daies and then afterward strain them And this also Take Wormwood three pugils Conserve of Spoonwort three ounces Green Water-Cresses bruised one handful the dry Rinds of Citron six drams pour thereunto of Rhenish Wine two quarts Let them stand in a Glass for some daies and after this pour out that which is cleer And at length when I had once gotten the Spirit of Spoonwort from that most industrious Apothecary of Gorlicum Johan Buttnerus which like as he doth also out of most other Plants he artificially prepareth by fermentation and distillation that so it may stil retain both the smel and the taste of the Plant when our Patient was tired out with and even loathed the taking down of any other Medicaments he then most frequently and with very much benefit made use of this Spirit And likewise that we might provide for the safety of the Spleen which at this time was very far amiss we caused an Emplaster to be put upon the Spleen The pains of the Belly and the Joynts took place as it were by turns and reciprocally so that when the pains of the belly remitted then the pains of the Joynts began and so on the contrary when the pain of the Joynts ceased then those of the Belly began to disquiet the Patient and both of them were for the most part much moderated when he plentifully which very often so happened cast forth the tart salt and bitter humor in an almost incredible abundance For the mitigation of the pains of his Belly there were prescribed Clysters of Marsh-mallows Camomile Fenugreek seed Dil seed Lin-seed Oyl of sweet Almonds Oyl of Dil Oyl of Camomile Honey of Roses Oyl of Bayberries and unto the Belly there were laid both Fomentations and Cataplasms of the same and the like Medicaments and the Emplaster of Lawrel Berries He used likewise the Decoction of the flowers of Camomile with Manna and the Oyl of sweet Almonds For the pains of the Joynts in the Hands and Feet there were used Fomentations and Cataplasms of the Roots of Marsh-mallows the flowers of Camomile and St. Johns wort Wormwood Betony Water-Cresses flour of Lin-seed and Fenugreek seed Earthworms Oyl of Elder Oyl of Camomile and the Unguent Dialthaea The Wife of this Noble Lord told us that in her Country for the moderating of such like pains as these they had in use Cataplasms made of the Horse Raddish bruised and boyled and this being grounded upon Reason there were therefore such like Cataplasms imposed now and then with very good success There were likewise used Fomentations of Elecampane Roots Marsh-mallow Roots Bryony Roots Lawrel Leave Sage Leaves Rosemary Leaves Herb Ivy Leaves Wal-flowers Lavender flowers Prim-roses Arabian Stoechados and Juniper Berries As also Inunctions of Marsh-mallow Roots and Bryony Roots and Earth-worms boyled unto a softness adding thereto the Juyce of Spoonwort and Water-Cresses Unguent of Bdellium and of Turpentine Oyl of white Lilies Oyl of Camomile as also of the Unguent Valeriola which we may find in the fourth Book of his Observations And so likewise this Take the juyce of Brooklime Water-Cresses of each one ounce and half Oyl of white Lilies two ounces boyl them til the Juyces be consumed and then add Oyl of Turpentine half an ounce Oyl destilled out of Juniper Berries and the Unguent of Bdellium of each one ounce Gum Elemi and Gum Hederae of each three drams Mans Fat half an ounce Mingle them Also the Unguent that is made of the Root of the Florentine Orrace the Leaves of Sage Primrose Tansey Mugwort Betony Bayberries Juniper Berries Rocket seed Lavender flowers and Spike flowers boyled in Wine and the Oyl of Earthworms the Oyl of Foxes the Oyl of Rue the juyce of Water-Cresses and then strained adding thereto the destilled Oyl of Juniper Sagapenum Bdellium Styrax Calamit Gum Elemi the Fat of a Fox and Mans Fat and Wax My own Emplaster likewise for the Nerves was added of which this is the Description Take Leaves of Lawrel Betony Rosemary Ground-pine or Herb Ivy and Prim-rose of each one handful flowers of Lavender half a handful the tops of St. Johns wort one handful Earth-worms washed in Wine three ounces boyl them in good Wine and being strained add thereto Oyl of Camomile three ounces Oyl of Orrace an ounce and half boyl them until the Wine be consumed and then add of cleer Turpentine three ounces Goats Suet an ounce and half Gum Elemi two ounces Tacamahaca dissolved Ship-pitch Rosin of each one ounce boyl them again and then add Litharge three ounces Wax as much as wil serve the turn and make an Emplaster unto which in the end add Oyl of Turpentine and of Juniper Berries of each an ounce and half of Rosemary and Sage destilled of each one dram and mingle them For the Palsie of the Tongue there were made use of Mouth-Washings of Sage Water Rosemary Water Extract of Calamus Aromaticus Oxymel Scillitick the destilled Oyl of Nutmeg and likewise Inunctions of the Tongue of Treacle Extract of Castoreum of Calamus Aromaticus Oyl of Nutmeg or Sage and Mustard seed There were also Trochisques made of the same For the Vices of the Gums and the loosness of the Teeth there were prescribed Unguents of the Leaves of Columbines of Sage Mints Nutmeg flowers of red Roses Allum Honey Collutions or washings for his mouth there were made of the Decoction of Fern Root and Bistort or Snake-weed the Leaves of Water-Cresses while they are yet green Sage Leaves Mints Columbines Frankincense the Water of Sage and Mints Alum and Honey Rosat And by these Medicaments indeed although as we told you before that the Disease of the Scurvy was for the greatest part removed and cured excepting that the Palsey of the Feet remained stil firmly sixt and immovable yet notwithstanding the Plica held on its old course stil only there was one Nail on one of his Toes that returned unto somwhat a better state and condition Chap. 10. Of the Vices of the Nails FIrst of al if the Nails have their own Natural Constitution like as other parts of the body they are then smooth and plain and they have a color white and red and a due and meet hardness and thickness if this their Natural Constitution be changed it fals then under the Nature of a Disease Nails unequal thick and rugged And first of al indeed the Nails are somtimes unequal and become thick and rugged Which happeneth from the juyce by which the Nails are nourished abundantly flowing thereunto For then they are not only
altered and at length the overgreat abundance of the blood is to be lessened and the vitious humors to be evacuated and this may fitly be done either by vene-section or else by purgation And therefore if blood abound in the body Venesection or blood letting so that therebe cause to fear the afflux there of unto the wound it is in this case unless it hath already before much flown forth very fit to open a vein and let forth a due quantity thereof Touching which Celsus in his fifth Book and 16. Chap. saith thus The Physitian ought to take forth some of the blood thereby to cause a dryness And presently he adds let the blood therefore flow forth more abundantly that so there may be the more abundant dryness but if it flow not forth sufficiently let the vein be opened as much as may be if it be so that the patient hath strength enough to bear this loss of blood And this is chiefly to be done in great wounds in which there is cause to fear an Afflux of the blood by reason of the pain of the Wounded part and here in this case blood is likewise to be drawn forth albeit that it doth not over-greatly abound in the body whereupon Hippocrates in his Book of the Joynts in the bruising and wounding of a Rib prescribeth the taking forth of blood out of the Arm where Galen in his Comment upon the place addeth Although saith he there be no extraordinary store of blood abounding in the body yet in those kind of blows and bruises we must have recourse unto vene section and letting out a due quantity of blood And in his second Book or the composition of Medicaments according to the places he commendeth in the first and chiefest place venesection for all pains of the head proceeding from a blow But now that this venesection may perform the whol work and that it may cause not only evacuation but likewise revulsion the vein is therefore to be opened a good distance from the part affected and on the contrary side as else where we have told you touching revulsion Now this is to be done with al speed possibly even the very first day of the wound and indeed before there be any medicament administred that so the afflux of the blood unto the wounded part may be prevented As for the quantity of the blood to be let forth it ought to be according to the store that is in the body and according likewise to the strength of the Patient and his ability to bear it And therefore if there flowed forth much blood before then venesection is to be omitted But if there flowed forth little or no blood before then you may now let forth a due proportion thereof but alwaies according to the strength of the Patient and no otherwise which you may best of al know by the Age of the wounded person the habit of his body the time of the yeer and other Circumstances touching which we have already spoken in its proper place But now if vitious humors abound in the body then there wil be need of purging Purging For it being so that the Wound is so much the more succesfully and more speedily cured by how much the more sound the part is and of a good constitution and that the ill constitution of the wounded part doth much hinder the cure we are therefore by all means possible to do our indeavor that so the vitious humors may not flow unto the part affected And thereupon seeing that by occasion of the Wound it may very easily come to pass that they may flow unto the part affected if they be found in the body they are forthwith to be evacuated And this is to be done in great wounds and where we have cause to fear lest that by reason of pain the depraved humors should rush unto the wounded part as also in those wounds where there is any kind of cutting or dilating to be used and where any bones is to be made bare of its flesh and in a word in al wounds whatsoever wherein the pain is more vehement then ordinary But smal Wounds and such likewise as are free from pain may be cured even without any purging but yet notwithstanding if the belly be bound it is then to be opened and loosened with a Clyster There are some indeed that are utterly against purgations in any wound whatsoever Whether those that are wounded may be purged as fearing lest that the humors being much stirred and disturbed by the sayd purgations should flow so much the more unto the wounded part But Hippocrates admitteth of them as we may see in his fourth Book of affections touching Fractures Text 48. Comment 3. and Galen in the fourth Book of his Method of curing Chapt. 4. and 6. And indeed reason it self perswadeth hereunto For if hot thin and cholerick humors abound in the body they render the blood very apt for motion and then by means of pain and want of rest they easily become hot and are inflamed and so afford an occasion for a feaver But now albeit that all the vitious humors abounding in the body are to be evacuated yet notwithstanding as we have sayd more especially the hot Cholerick and wheyish humors are to be evacuated which are more apt for motion and flowing and such as make much for the generating of inflammations and Erysipelases and such as do very easily excite feavers Even at the very first beginning a purgation is to be appointed to wit before ever there be any afflux excited and that any feaver shall happen But if there hath already happened any feaver purgation cannot then so conveniently and safly but indeed with some kind of danger be instituted and appointed And therefore to purge in Wounds there are most fitly and safely to be administred Manna Syrup of Roses Solutive Rheubarb the Leaves of Sene and of compositions Tryphera Persica Elect. de Psyllio Elect. of Roses of Mesues But we must abstain from the hottest purging medicaments lest that there should thereby be excited an afflux of humors that might dispose the wounded part unto an imflammation But in what manner the purgation is rightly to be ordered we have elsewhere already shewn you Chap. 14. Of the Wounds of the Veins and Arteries and of the stopping the Haemorrhage in Wounds AS touching the wounded parts themselves oftentimes by reason of them there is something that is peculiar to be done in the Curing of wounds How and after what manner the Cure of the wounds of private parts is to be rightly ordered we have already told you in those places which we shall afterward alleadg In the general the wounds of the Veins Arteries Nerves and Nervous parts do require a peculiar and proper kind of Cure The Haemorrage in Wounds And First of all indeed the Wounds of the Veins and the greater Arteries have this peculiar unto themselves to wit that there is alwaies some
be had since that by the use of them there may easily be excited a pain Convulsion Inflammation at length the Gangrene it self unto which Maladies these Wounds are otherwise obnoxious like as also those Glutinating Cataplasms which stick so close and fast unto the part and bind it so streightly together have here no place neither are they rashly and inconsiderately to be made use of because that they bind together and streighten the part and thereby cause pain It is therefore most convenient that after the bones are again composed and conjoyned the Member be placed and fastened in a thin plate of Lead or in a skin moystened or with those slivers or chips that wheel-wrights while they hollow the holes of their Carts and Wains cut forth with the hollow Auger or Wimble after they have been first moystened with water For all these things as they hold the broken part together so they do it in such a manner that they may notwithstanding be bent as much as you please that so they may not cause any pain But now in the stead of those Cataplasms there may be layd on some Emplaster or Cerote As Take Rosin and Wax of each half a pound the pouder of the barque of the teyl tree one ounce and half Turpentine two ounces Bole armenick one ounce the Juice of the herb Storks bill or Cranes bill two ounces boyl them to the Consistence of a Cerote or Take Mucilage of the Root of the greater consound the Gum or Juice that sweats out of the Apple tree of each three ounces the Juice of the greater Comfrey and Bole Armenick of each an ounce and half the Juice of Cranes bill six ounces the powder of the rind of the Linden or Teyl tree two ounces the yelks of twenty Eggs Turpentine half a pound the oyl of Earthworms three ounces mingle them You shall have more of these prescribed blow in the fifth part touching Fractures The Dyet Let the Air be dry and in other Respects temperate and rather inclining to heat then cold Let the Patients food be sparing and yet nevertheless there is here also a regard to be had unto the Patients strength and his accustomed Dyet and as in all other so especially in this kind of Wounds his Meats must be of a good Juice but he ought carefully to abstain from all those meats that yield a naughty and corrupt Juice Let the Patient altogether forbear the drinking of wine unless he hath been much accustomed thereto for whosoever he be that hath wholly accustomed himself to the drinking of wine he wil hardly away with the drinking of Water in case Beer should be hard to come by Let the Wounded person likewise carefully shun all occasions of Anger abstain from all over swift and violent motion of the body in regard that rest as Hippocrates in his Book of Ulcers teacheth us is the most fit and requisite for all that are wounded and on the contrary all labor hurtful He must likewise avoid Venery by keeping himself from womens company And in a word if ever there be need of an exact and accurate Dyet in other wounds then certainly the most exact Dyet that may be is much more especially required in this kind of Wounds Chap. 21. Of Poysoned Wounds TOuching those poysoned Wounds you are to understand that these poysoned Wounds require a peculiar kind of Cure by themselves whether it be by poyson put upon the bullets Arrows Darts or whatsoever other kind of poysoned Weapons or else by the biting of any living Creature as a Dog or a fierce and raging Wolf or some other poysonous Creature or else by the blow of a Scorpion Aspe or any other venemous Creature whatsoever And the very truth is that those wounds that are thus inflicted by the biting or strokes of poysonous Creatures whether wild beasts or any other they do more hurt by their venemous quality then by the Wound it self which for the most part is but sleight and of no great moment whereas those Wounds that are inflicted by poysoned weapons do not only hurt by their poysonous quality and by virtue of the poyson wherewith they are infectted but they are likewise oftentimes very dangerous simply as they are Wounds We must not here pass over in silence that Disease which is contracted from Scarifications The Moravian Disease some have called it the new disease of Moravia and the sickness of Brunna because that it first of all began to shew it self at Brunna a town in Moravia in the year 1577. touching which Thomas Jordan hath published a special Treatise which Johan Schenckius hath inserted in the sixth Book of his observations And touching this same disease or plague Johan Sporischius hath written a Tract and inscribed it of the Symptoms of Scarification And Job Crato likewise maketh mention of this same Disease in his Epist collected by Scholtzius Epist 139. The Sum of the whole business is this in brief Al whosoever they were that in the year 1577. on St. Lucies day from what followeth notwithstanding I Collect this that not only those that were thus scarifyed on the first day of Winter were taken with this Malady but that all likewise that made use of these Scarifications from that first day of Winter even unto the vernal or spring Solstice went into their publique Bath at Brunna and had these scarifications administred to them they instantly seemed to be taken and surprised with this Malady Neither did they yet presently perceive the hurt and mischief thereof although that forthwith there appeared some certain signs of the disease now gotten into them There were some that had the disease lying hid and not discovering it self for the space of Eight days in others the Malady lay concealed a fortnight and in others during the whol time of their courses to wit according to the strength both of the Malady as also of the party now affected therewith But at length it manifested it self publiquely In the mean time those that were taken with the disease were observed to be affected with an universal kind of sloath and dull sluggishness and being thus taken with sloathfulness they became lazy and altogether unfit and indisposed for the discharge of their Callings and wonted business and they were likewise Melancholly and of a sad countenance The Native fresh colour of their face was suddenly turned into a paleness the Vigor and quickness of their eyes into wilde and fierce lookes there appearing in them a deformity with a dun and duskie Circle as it useth to be in women that have their Courses upon them And then it soon discovered it self by manifest and apparent signs After the application of Cupping glasses they were immediatly invaded by an extreme great and incurable heat and after this there followed filthy imposthumations and putrid rotten Vlcers flowing with Sanies and foul black gore-Blood and round about there appeared also certain pushes at broad as the Palm of the Hand
broken it is very hardly Cured because that there is here need of a greater Extension and the sick person is much longer ere he dare adventure to walk 4. But now these bones for the most part are consolidated within fourty daies and very seldom sooner The Cure And therefore whether only one or both the bones be broken the Leg is as much as may be to be extended that so the bones without any damage at all may again be restored unto their own places and there joyned together Which most commonly is to be done by two strong able men who are to draw the Leg toward them they standing on both sides of the same one into the superior part and the other into the inferior part And it will be but a Vain-glorious act in them to make use of any kind of Engines when the Case doth not require it But if they cannot accomplish it otherwise let them then make use of the Reins and Engines that we so often have described and which are so generally well known And when the Leg shall be sufficiently extended the broken bones are then to be setled in their places And afterward convenient Medicaments are to be imposed and the Leg is then to be rowled and wrapt about with Swathes as in general we have already told you which ought to be both broader and longer then in the Arm and the Leg is so altogether to be Scituated and composed that it may not be turned awry unto any part and that the broken bones may not be disordered when he goeth to his bed or to ease Nature Touching the Scituation of the Shank or Shin-bone see likewise further hereof in Guilhelm Fabricius his 1. Centur. Observat 93. And at length the Leg when it is extended and stretched forth straight is to be placed upon a Cushion or some other soft and plain thing and so the Splinters and Pipes are then to be administred as in general we told you before in the first Chapter in which thing we are to observe that they be not applied upon the extremities of the bones sticking out or upon that Tendon which tendeth and passeth along from the Leg unto the Foot and is there knit unto the Heel For these parts having in them a very exquisite sense will not endure compression but if they be pressed together they are then pained and inflamed And there is here also somtimes need of blood-letting and purging as in the Fracture of the Arm. As for matter of Dyet we ought altogether more and longer to extenuate the body of the Patient as Hippocrates commandeth when the Legg then when the Arm is broken by how much that is greater and thicker then this and because there is also a Necessity that the body should rest and lye still Chap. 11. Of the Fracture of the Thigh THe Thigh bone of all the bones in the body of man is absolutely the biggest thickest and longest and this may also chance to be broken either in the midst or in the Excremityes thereof and the places neer adjoyning Prognosticks 1. Touching the Fracture of the Thigh Celsus in his eighth Book and Chap. 10. writeth thus If the Thigh be broken it must of necessity be made shorter because that it never more returneth into its old place But yet notwithstanding there is much more weakness in the Thigh where the Negligence of fortune is likewise added unto the fracture Which opinion of Celsus is according to Peccettus in his fourth Book Whether the Fracture of the Thigh do necessarily cause lameness Chapt. 24. thus to be understood by us not that by no means the broken bones may be restored unto their wonted seat in the Thigh and there be wel sitted together that therefore the Thigh bone must necessarily be shorter but when the part is less distended then need requireth and when the bones are not wel and most exactly set and sitted together since that we see from day to day Many who have suffered a Fracture of the Thigh it having been wel fastned together with Iron instruments have yet walked straight upright without any lameness at al. And the very same we are taught by Avicen Book 4. fen 5. tract 3. Chap. 14. by Guido de Cauliac in his 5 tract Doct. 1. Chap. 7. by John de vigo in his sixth Book and 14. Chapt. by Andreas in his second B. of Chirurgery and 14. Chapt. and divers others But Guilhelm Fabricius in his 5. Cent. and 86. Observation writeth that he never saw nor knew any that after this kind of Fracture escaped without a lameness besides one young Mayd only unto whom he administred a new and peculiar kind of Cure And this especially happeneth if the Thigh be broken nigh unto the Hip. And of this kind of Fracture the Authors alleadged are to be understood But if the Thigh bone be broken toward the knee or in the midst that there be diligence used care taken in the curing thereof the fracture may then be healed without any great difficulty or lameness But that if the sayd thigh bone be broken toward the Hip lameness for the most part followeth these are the causes as Guilhelmus Fabricius reckoneth them up The first is this because that the Thigh bone is not straight as the shin and Arm bones are but that it is naturally dilated into the external part as it were into a bow wherefore if it shal chance at any time to be broken it is easily bowed and bended toward the inward part but then toward the external part it buncheth forth as it were into a bow Secondly there are present the greatest and strongest Nerves and Muscles from the inward part of the Thigh which so soon as the bone is broken they drawing the said bone which as we have said was now before naturally bowed toward their original to wit the place where they have their first beginning do easily and in such a manner indeed draw it into a bow that the extremityes thereof about the Fracture do disjoyn themselves and stick forth toward the external part Thirdly because that it is but one only bone wherefore it is not so easily to be detained in its own place as if it had some other bone adjoyned with it as the shin and the Arms have Fourthly because that the part is very fleshy and the bone situated as it were in the midst of a pillow experience teacheth us that it can very hardly be kept in its own proper place by the benefit of the splinters and the Splema Coverings and especially if the Fracture be made obliquely For those very strong Nerves and Muscles do again notwithstanding that they were from the very first rightly set and replaced draw the bones out of their proper places But yet nevertheless if any one wil follow that Method propounded by Guilhelm Frabricius himself he writeth that it may very easily be avoided that the Leg shal not at al become shorter or that any
stretcht under the Heel is hard and retcht and the Foot is less and shorter if to the hinder part on the contrary the Heel is almost hid the Soal seems to become greater and the Foot longer A Luxation of the Heel is easily known by the pain the figure of the part depraved and its action hurt Prognosticks 1. The Ankle as 't is easily luxated so 't is easily also reduced but by reason of the multitude of Bones making up the joynts 't is hardly confirmed 2. A Luxation of the Heel is most dangerous because the Veins Arteries and greater Nerves which it receives and also the Tendon which is joyned to it are easily drawn into consent whence may be raised Ravings Tremblings Convulsions Feavers and many other evils The Cure Let a Commodious extension go before the reducing of the Ankle whether it be done by the hands of Servants one of which must hold the Foot the other the Legg or with reins or other engines that draw downwards afterwards let the Chirurgeon force the joynt to the contrary part from which it is fallen and order a convenient binding up The Patient in this Luxation must be kept longer in his bed that the distended Muscles and the Ligaments which are rendered more loose may acquire their just strength and may be fit to bear the whol body which scarce happens before the fortieth day The Heel also upon light extension made is reduced to its ancient place being reduced it must be so bound up that the humors abounding may be driven from it to other parts the Patient also must be so long kept quiet til this joynt restored be wel confirmed See more concerning Luxations in Hippocrates in l. de artic et fractur and Galen in his Comment Oribasius de machinamentis Celsus l. 8. c. 11. to the end of the Book Gabriel Fallopius tract de Luxation Ambrose Parry l. 15. and others FINIS Books Printed by Peter Cole Printer and Book-seller of LONDON at the Exchange Several Physick Books of Nich. 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Cole c. 1 Idea of Practical Physick in twelve Books 2 Sennerius thirteen Books of Natural Phylosophy 3 Sennerius two Treatises 1 Of the Pox. 2 Of the Gout 4 Twenty four Books of the Practice of Physick being the Works of that Learned and Renowned Doctor Lazarus Riverius 5 Riolanus Anatomy 6 Veslingus Anatomy of the Body of Man 7 A Translation of the New Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London Whereunto is added The Key to Galens Method of Physick 8 The English Physitian Enlarged 9 A Directory for Midwives or a Guide for Women 10 Galens Art of Physick 11 New Method both of studying and Practising Physick 12 A Treatise of the Rickets 13 Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the Common People 14 Health for the Rich and Poor by Dyet without Physick The London Dispensatory in Folio of a large Character in Latine The London Dispensatory in twelves a smal Pocket Book in Latin Mr. Burroughs WORKS viz. on Matth. 11. 1 Christs call to all those that are Weary and Heavy Laden to come to him for Rest 2 Christ the Great Teacher of Souls that come to him 3 Christ the Humble Teacher of those that come to him 4 The only Easie way to Heaven 5 The excellency of holy Courage 6 Gospel Reconcillation 7 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment 8 Gospel-Worship 9 Gospel-Conversation 10 A Treatise of Earthly-Mindedness 11 Exposition of the Prophesie of Hosea 12. 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