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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40887	The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens.; Asia Portuguesa. English	Faria e Sousa, Manuel de, 1590-1649.; Stevens, John, d. 1726.	1695 (1695)	Wing F428; ESTC R2613	684,223	1,508

Stewards the third the Master of the Horses the fourth the Master of the Ceremonies of the Court the fifth of particular Rites the sixth of the Petitions given the King the other three of lesser Matters Every City has its own particular Council each Metropolis of a Province five distinct Tribunals Each Town has a private Court 6. The great Mandarines are carried about Town in Chairs adorned with Ebony and Gold by four Men with others by to relieve them before the Chiefest go Men by Pairs with long Staves always crying out two others follow these with Tables on which is writ the quality of the Person carried after these go six scattering Bamboes with which they use to bastinade Offenders and others with Fetters and Chains Near the Chair a Man with a sil●… Umbrello three times as big as those we use ●…two just before the Chair carry a small Box with the Royal Seal on one side a great Fan that shades all the Chair behind go the Pages and other Attendance on Foot and Horseback 7. When one of these goes by all things are taken from the Windows the Images of Funerals are lowred the People stop on the sides of the Streets there is no noise and he passes without moving his Eyes When he goes to any City the ancient Men receive him at the Gate on their Knees The King bestows Honour on Magistrates Mothers as they rise and when they die buries them with Pomp and assigns them stately Pallaces while living 8. The Prisons are large and commonly near to the Palaces of the Mandarines th●…y belong to they have no Grates to the Street the Dungeons are terrible the other Part is in Rows sustained by Pillars with Planks along for Beds where every one lies with Fetters on his Hands and his Feet as it were in the Stocks over them all run long Chains so that they cannot turn The lesser Criminals are more favourably dealt with but all fare hard for the Prisons serve to punish as well as to secure Men. The Prisoners have much to do at their Entrance with the Keepers about their Fees for they pay none at going out 9. Their Punishments differ not much from ours but whipping is used before all other Penalties the Lashes are given on the bare Buttocks and Thighs as well to Women as Men and that before the Tribunal or in the Street when the Crime is done there no Body values the Shame but only the Smart They also have several ways of Racking 10. Military Science is very ancient among the Chineses They had tedious Wars with their Neighbours conquered the Island Ceylon and subdued One hundred and Fourteen Kings They always entertain a vast number of Souldiers in Nanking there are Forty thousand in Peking Eighty thousand all over the Kingdom above a Million but they are all Cowards Yet of late Years they beat the Iaponeses out of Corea and the Tartars out of the Province of Peking They use foolish Reviews in which like our Boys they represent Tartars and Chineses and the former are always beaten 11. Gun-Powder is of most ancient standing among them of it they make curious and costly Fire-works they have some Cannon but no Skill in the use of it only shoot at random Their most usual Arms are Lances Arrows and Cutlaces There is a sort of Back and Breast Pieces Proof against Arrows Their Civil Government is very just because bad Ministers are severely punished and the King hears Complaints against them Thus much may suffice for the Affairs of China CHAP. XIX The Division of the Dominions the Portugueses do or have possessed in those Parts commonly comprehended under the general Name of India Some Remarks on the Customs and Religion of those People with some Account of the Christians of St. Thomas and of the Island of Ceylon 1. THE Portugues Dominions generally comprehended under the Name of India though dispersed along the Coasts of Asia and Africk may well be divided into five Parts The first containing the Islands of that vast Ocean as those of Maldivia the King whereof being a Christian with his Wife and Family resided at Cochim that of Ceylon in which we have the Town of Columbo and a Right to the Kingdoms of Iafanapatan Cota and Candea by Donation from their natural Kings the Island of Manar with its Fort and Fishery of Pearl Eastward the Sovereignty of all that Archipelago the Moluco Islands and that of Macao on the Coast of China 2. The Second Part lies from Cape Corrientes to the Mouth of the Red Sea Peopled by Moors along the Coast and the Inland by Idolatrous and Brutal Cafres 3. The Third is divided from Persia by the Persian Golph inhabited by Moors of different Opinions 4. The Fourth contains the Kingdom of Ormuz and neighbouring Parts that Trade thither especially Baharem so famed for the Fishery of Pearl that draws all Mankind thither 5. The Fifth is called India within and without Ganges All that lies between Indus and Ganges which is above 550 Leagues along the Coast is inhabited by two Nations Pagans and Mahometans who for above three Ages have been possessed of that Tract called Indostan 6. In this Fifth Part is included the principal Part of the Portugues Patrimony It begins at Diu a City not inferior to many famous in Europe and was once the Metropolis of Cambaya Almost opposite to it is Damam both which almost shut up the Mouth of the Bay of Cambaya and extend their Command Twenty-four Leagues in which space are many Villages that yield a considerable Revenue 7. From the River of Agacaim to that of Bombaim are Eight Leagues and in that space the City 〈◊〉 ●…th its Forts and Villages as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agaçaim Bandora Tana C●…a and opposite to it the Island Salsete whose wonderful Structures prove it to have been the Metropolis of that Country and Court of Princes The Dominions of Cambaya once extended thither The next is Chaul a Place of Importance Then the Capital of our Empire that is the Island Goema●…e which sig●…fies Happy Land corruptly called Goa and Trissuari signifying Thirty Villages for so many it contains which on the Continent commands the Lands of Salsete and Bardes There follow on the Coast of Camaran towards Cape Comori the Towns of Onor 〈◊〉 and Mangalor then in Malahar Cananor Cranganor Coulam and the chief Port of our Fleets Cochim Turning the Cape appears the Pearl Fishery and above it the Cities Negapatan St. Thomas and other Towns if not Subject to at least Inhabited and defended by Portugueses 8. The Exterior India begins at the River Ganges and reaches to China and C●…bodia and is terminated by the River Mecom It is inhabited by Heathens worse if possible than the others Here the Portugueses have the rich City of Malaca Metropolis of that Kingdom and the greatest Place of Trade of all those Eastern Provinces 9. Something has been already said of the Manners of all these People we will add

Estate so that some have above 1000 this sacrifice is to obtain Riches for themselves revenge and destruction of their Enemies Many have in their Houses familiar Devils which they call Cutichates every Day they offer something to them they get by them and some have 300 of them They make them enter into the bodies of those they would be revenged of whereof they make great advantage for many pay to be delivered from them By the help of them converted into the shapes of Beasts they hurt People and infest whole Towns There are those living who have seen the Town of Cranganor burnt by this means At Pudiangale near Calicut a Woman had one of these and saw it in the shape of a Cock a Monkey and a little black Boy with a Truncheon in his Hand these are not punished in Malabar but their Kings make use of them in danger The very Heathens observe that all those who follow that course live and die miserably 3. In sickness they consult Wizards not Doctors they say a Devil causes the Disease and bringing him into the Sick Man make him tell the Reason of molesting him then they promise him something to go out again and he does it They think the Small-pox is Cured with an offering to Patracale who they affirm causes them The Gout they believe is caused by ●…ive she Devils like Sows tothem they offer Food fit for such Beasts that they may transfer the Disease to their Enemies 4. They adore and offer Sacrifice to venemous Snakes that they may not hurt with their Poyson The Lawyers on the first Day of September do the same to their Books 5. Their Baths are used rather to cleanse the Soul than the Body they know the ten Commandments but think not themselves bound by them It is a great Sin if a Nobleman is touched by one that is not such though he be never so great by learning by the Sword or by Virtue And even Riches there cannot prevail to gain this point The King of Travanco●… being resolved to become a Bramene though not of that descent was told he must first be bore of a Cow be made one of Gold so big that going into it he was born out of it he offered it to the Bramenes with a great Snm of Gold and obtained the dignity but not Hereditary 6. They purge themselves from venial Sins by putting their Heads under Water one of these is a Nobleman touching a Plebean and to prevent it the latter cries as he goes Po po po that is have a care another is touch●…ng the Dead or their Friends within fifteen Days another to touch Meat with the right Hand when they Eat another to touch them so touched or their Houses or Wells to touch another with the right ●…and whilst Eating to touch a grain of Rice fallen as it is taken up to touch a drop of Water disturbed by one not so noble Mortal Sins are not forgiven so he who commits them remains subject to Death and the Lord of the Earth as long as he lives The mortal are these To use Pots touched by Men de●…led to Eat Rice before Purification to Eat it boyled by a Man of base race to have to do with a Woman of that sort to Eat Rice into which is fallen the least grain out of another Man's plate 7. Their bathing is thus They believe the stone of the bath is the God Brama the lips of it Vistnu and all together Ixora When they go in their nakedness is covered with a rag or leafe in the Water they write Om with one Finger and throw Water over it with three believing the three Gods bathed there Then dividing the Water dip their Heads and after cast up some towards eight parts of the World offering Water to the eight Guardians thereof They call upon Siri Pagod and wash their Faces three times they also cast Water up towards Heaven offering it to the Sun then wash their Hands and Feet On the Palm of their left Hand they put Ashes of Cows-dung and sprinkle it and believe the left Hand is the Earth the right Heaven and and the Palm the place of Generation laying one Hand upon the other and shutting them close they say Let the end of the World come 8. This they do in imitation of Ixoras's Egg and think the upper Hand when opened represents Heaven the lower the Earth with the right Thumb they write upon the Ashes Iara that is the Fight that was in the Egg between Fire and Water Then that all their limbs may be sanctified they touch with their Hand the principal parts of the Body from the privy parts to the crown of the Head and the Ears Elbows Knees and great Toes They hold their hands as if they gave something to two Spirits who they say attend on us writing our good works on the right Hand and the bad on the left the same they do to the eight Guards of the World turning about The last ceremony is to rub the Forehead Shoulders and Breast with Ashes taken with two Fingers and the Thumb of the right Hand in honour of the three Gods 9. The bathing called Titan performed in the Sea is very solemn before it they perform a ceremony in which they offer 〈◊〉 a sort of flowers prostrating themselves three times on the ground once in reverence to the Pagod once to the Sun and once to the Sea The chief places they resort to for this bathing are three on the Coast of Travancor viz. Baçora Rettor●… and 〈◊〉 the Days appointed are the first of each Moon chiefly those of Iuly and Ianuary but if the New-Moon fall on a Wednesday it adds so much to this devotion that the Mountains and Valleys can scarce contain the multitude of Pilgrims that resort from above Five hundred Leagues distance of all Sexes Ages and conditions and all a foot Above all others the Ganga of Bengala is held in veneration for this washing 10. Ashes of Cows dung is their chief Purgation powdering their Forehead Shoulders and Breast with it the more of it their Iogues or Religious Men have upon them the more Holy they are reputed they carry it in purses to recompence the Alms that are given them The Reason they esteem this Powder is this Ixora was sanctified by the Ashes of Gevelinga Vistnu desiring to partake of this blessing and impart it to Mankind carryed a Cow to 〈◊〉 where she got a mouthful of that dust Vistnu took her dung in which was that Ashes she had Eaten and burning it made more Ashes which he shared with Man 11. They also dissolve the same dung and sprinkle their Houses and Highways with it to purify them with this is the way dayly sprinkled through which Zam●…ri goes from his Pallace to the Pagod and his Table cloth and a Gold dish on which the Meat is brought As soon as they see a Cow piss they run and catch it in their hands drink part and sprinkle

and Theft and no less begging or borrowing Poverty nor any other Misfortune that depends not of the Will is not looked upon as disgraceful for they will no way allow Honour to depend upon Fortune 5. Withal there is no Faith among them even between Father and Son but it is a Disgrace for a Man to be open-hearted Hence it proceeds they commonly Murder one another in their Embraces Subjects do the same to their Princes and Servants to Masters Thus Rebels are caressed by their Sovereigns for all their study is conveniency Mothers instead of suckling strangle their Children some kill themselves to save receiving an Affront and the Sick have no Relief for all fly from them and when dead throw them like Beasts on a Dunghill They are not only given to Women but much more to Sodomy 6. If two happen to lie together each lays his Head at the other's Feet Neither Men nor Women wear any thing on their Heads only the great Men when they travel go under an Umbrello they mount on Horseback on our off-side Instead of bowing when they meet they draw back their Foot out of the slipper more or less when the Inferior sees a Superior he sits down They value pretious Stones no more than Straws any piece of Antiquity they esteem at extravagant Rates of what sort soever The King of Bango gave 13000 Crowns for a Vessel among us not worth a Groat They have the same value for any draught of a famous Master or for a Blade of a Sword or Hanger 7. Their Mourning is white and their festival Apparel black the same is used by the Chineses The Men varnish their teeth the Women their hair Our Musick to them is ungrateful they delight in those Instruments that make most noise Their Fish they eat raw and hate Milk or any thing made of it calling it unconcocted Blood Beef or Mutton is never eaten but in the utmost Extremities as loathsom Vermin among us the Wheat they make like the Italians into Vermicheli or Macaroli and drink Water boil'd with the Herb Cha hot sipping it this I believe is our Tea The Service of their Tables differs from ours the Vessels are all of Gold or Porcelane for the Silver is all coined into Money Our sweetest Perfumes are loathsom to them What would make us sick is the Diet of their Sick as Fish salt and raw Limons and other acids Bleeding is not used for they say 't is a madness to lavish the Treasure of Life so they call the Blood Their Purges are sweet and pleasant the others they say and with reason do but heap misery on the Patient 8. Though there are many Kingdoms the Language is the same but so various it sounds like many for they have great variety of Words upon all Occasions those that are used in serious Discourse serve not to jest those that are for great Men are not for the meaner those for the old are not for the young the same are not for Men as for Women In Writing they have fourteen different sorts of Characters all varying not only in form but signification The Gentry learn to read and write till twelve Years of Age in the Monasteries of the Bonços There is one sort of Character to write to Princes another to Nobles another to the meaner sort and another for Books of which they have great plenty in Prose and Rhime very elegant and ingenious Every Character is a Word Some of our People that understand the Language of Iapan and Latin avouch the former to be much more copious beautiful soft and compleat in all particulars 9. All their Buildings because of the Earthquakes the Island is subject to are of Wood but of such Structure they are no way inferior to the finest in the World They are whitened with a Plaster made of shells of Fish which preserves the Wood from the Weather and makes the Cities appear most beautiful at a distance The Tiling is black and of such a nature it will last Five hundred Years The Curiosity within it not to be parallelled Hangings are not used but all the Walls curiously painted with Landskips or Histories of their Ancestors The floors are covered with fine Mats and such as go on them wash their Feet first There are no Chairs nor Bedsteads On the Beds there are few Cloaths but what they wear by day but some have coverings of the same Straw as the Mats wrought with Gold 10. The Poor eat as they can but always with decency the Rich with such state of Servants Musick Plays and variety of Dishes that a whole night is spent in a Supper They use as many Tables as Dishes about a span and half high because they sit on the ground each Table about half a yard square curiously wrought of Cedar inlaid with Gold and several Colours There are no Napkins nor Table-cloaths because they never touch any thing but feed themselves with little Cipress sticks so artificially that never any thing drops The Meat is heaped in the Dishes like Pyramids strewed with Gold the Fowl whole the Beaks and Talo●…s gilt Their Entertainment is generous and friendly but so ceremonious it were better to endure hunger than their Complements 11. All the cloathing is Silk thin in Summer more substantial in Winter and a set time for all People to alter their Dress They take many Wives and are easily divorced yet Adultery is a capital Crime and the Woman's Relations resent it as hainously as the Husband The Children are bred as has been said and at Fifteen have their Sword put on by the Bonzos with much Ceremony Every Man is so absolute over his Children and Servants he may punish and kill them without being liable to any penalty for it CHAP. XI A further Account of Japan 1. TILL the Year One thousand there was but one Monarch over all Iapan he was called Huo or Dayri He had two Cucabo's or Generals of his Army At that time one of these killed the other and rebelled against his Prince Civil Wars ensuing several Kingdoms were erected Every Lord of a Province called himself Ia●…ta that is King They have four sorts of People as among us the Bonço's or Clergy the Nobility Gentry and Commonalty these two last pay great respect to the Nobles who are called Tonos and as among us have the Distinctions of Dukes Marqueses Earls c. The chief Trade is Silver and China Silks In Mechanicks they are excellent Their Cutlaces are so temper'd they cut through our Armour as if it were Wood. Their Lances are longer and lighter their Musquets and other Arms perfectly good as is their Powder their Horse Furniture curious beyond expression Printing among them as well as the Chineses is very ancient All the Land is the King 's and he gives Parcels of it to Noblemen and Gentlemen to serve him in War and Peace and they give Portions of it to their Servants 2. The King has power to recall his Grants

somewhat in general of India whereof much relates to the greatest Part of Asia Those Heathens have a Book they believe in and esteem as we do the Holy Scripture It is writ in Verse as they say that understand it pleasing and ingenious but it seems strange to us there should be any Harmony in Verses composed of Seventy-five Syllables for so many an Author say they contain 10. They believe in one God Creator of all Things yet allow other increated Gods that there is Heaven and Hell and that the Souls of such as die in Sin go into Beasts and stay there till being purged they go to Eternal Rest. They esteem Cows as properest for this Transmigration When one is dying they bring one to him and put the Tail into his Hand that when his Soul departs it may be near the Door it is to enter at 11. They allow no Free Will and some are of Opinion That the Souls return from Hell into other Bodies till they merit Heaven and that there is an indifferent Place without Reward or Punishment for such as live indifferently The Sins they esteem most hainous are Murder Theft Drinking of Wine taking away another Man's Wife The First is wiped off with Pilgrimages the second with Alms the third with Fasting and the fourth with Sacrifices some are of Men the greatest of Cows Some will lie down under the Wheels of the heavy Carts of their Idols which crush them to peices Others wear irons with Spikes that run into them Others hang themselves on a Hook and there sing Verses to their Idols 12. They maintain Hospitals where they look after sick Birds and Beasts and send Men abroad to bring them in but have no Com●…assion for Men saying Those Afflictions are sent them for their Sins There are Men employed to buy Birds or other Creatures only to restore them to their Liberty They believe God has five Regents that govern the World and every one of them a Wife those are called Xadaxivam Rudra Maescura Visnu and Brabema the Wives Humani Parvadi Maenomadi Lacami and Exarasvadi The first governs the first Heaven where are all the Planets the second the Fire the third the Air the fourth the Water the fifth the Earth Brahema Visnu and Rudra are the Chief and form a Body with three Heads called Mahamurte signifying the three Chiefs Hence it is inferred the Indians had some knowledge though imperfect of the Blessed Trinity 13. They are much addicted to Witchcraft and Superstition and believe there are Fourteen Worlds and that this we live in is an Image of that in Heaven Their several Families touch not one another not eat together Tradesmen cannot marry out of their own Trade The most renowned Families among them are the Raja's an ingenuous People that rather lose their Lives than their Arms in Battle The Bramenes who contend for Precedence with the Raja's The Chatines which are the richest Merchants The B●…lalas or Country People held in such esteem that Kings marry their Daughters to them saying They are the Publick Substance From these four Roots ●…pring One hundred ninety-six Branches divided into Valangas that is of the Right-hand and Elanges of the Left but none of these are honoured as the other four 14. Let us say somewhat of the Christians of St. Thomas Four Leagues from Cochim on the Malabar Coast is the City Cranganor almost encompassed by a River inhabited by Christians Gentiles Mahometans and Iews The whole Kingdom takes Name from the City it has a great Trade is frequented by Merchants from Siria Egypt Persia and Arabia by reason of the plenty of Pepper brought thither At the arrival of the Portugueses in India it was governed in the form of a Commonwealth but subject to Zamori whom they cast off seeing him weakned by our Arms. 15. Their Heathen Rites are the same with those of the other Malabars The Christians called of St. Thomas who inhabit from this C●…ty to Coromandel and Meliapor the place where that Apostle was buried have Churches like ours in Europe on the Altars and Walls Crosses painted but no other Images no Bells the People meet on Sundays to hear Sermons and other Service Their head Bishop resides in Chaldea has twelve Cardinals two Patriarchs Archbishops Bishops and other Prelates and Fathers 16. The Priests are shorn in the form of a Cross they consecrate leavened Bread and Wine made of Rasins for want of other Baptize after Forty Days unless there be danger of Death instead of extream Unction the Priests bless the Sick use Holy Water bury after our manner the Relations and Friends eat together eight Days while the Ceremonies last If there be no Will the next of Kin inherits the Widows recover their Portion but forfeit it if they Marry within a Year 17. They have all our Holy Scripture in Hebrew and Caldaick with Expositions which they Read in Schools their Divines interpret it well chiefly the Prophets which they study most They observe the same Lent and Advent as we do O●… the Eve of the Resurrection they neither eat nor drink and keep that Day with great Solemnity as also the Sunday of Pastor Bonus in remembrance that on that Day St. Thomas felt our Saviour's side they observe our very Festivals as Sundays the Feasts of our Lord Lady and Apostles and have the same Bissextile or Leap Year as the Latines Both they and the Gentiles keep the Feast of the Apostle on the first Day of Iune There are Monasteries of Monks and Nuns cloathed in black and religiously observe their Rules The Priests observe conjugal Chastity and marry not a second time There is no Divorce allowed beween Man and Wife 18. In the Year 1544 came to Cochim Iacob a Caldean Bishop of Cranganor where being dangerously sick he sent for the Treasurer Peter de Sequeyra and told him Necessity had obliged him to pawn two Copper-Plates with Characters engraven on them which were Original Grants and Privileges bestowed on the Apostle St. Thomas by the Sovereigns of those Countries when he Preached there that he desired him to release them least they should be lost if he died for if he lived he would take them out himself This Prelate found the only way to lose them in trusting the Portugueses for Sequeyra paid the Two hundred Royals they were pawned for put them into the Treasury and they were never more heard of 19. The Governor Martin Alfonso de Sousa after long search for some Body that could understand them had found a retired Jew on the Mountain who said they were writ in the Caldean Malabar and Arabian Languages and the Substance of them was That the Prince then Reigning of his free Gift granted to Thomas at Cranganor such a Parcel of Ground to build a Church for the Maintenance whereof he assigned the Fifths of Merchandize 20. Very much might be said of the Island Ceylon but I will only add a little to what is already said About five hundred Years

struck him out of his Books never to ●…e received into Service This also was put in execution Almeyda's Crime was That he had seemed to undervalue the Kings Favour refusing some Grace offered him The Vice-Roy was concerned that the differences between the Kings of Pimienta and Cochi●… grew daily greater Towards the End of November the Vice-Roy sailed with a good Fleet to assist the latter who was our Friend He was met at Sea by D. Iames de Noronha and his Fleet with whom came Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque who was received with much Joy for his great Bravery in the late Action with the Turks It was agreed after some Consultation to land in the Islands called Alagada's belonging to the King of Pimienta The Natives in crowds opposed our Men landing with showers of Arrows but the Cannon made way After a vigorous Resistance all was destroyed with Fire and Sword only one Man was lost on our side 12. Gomes de Silva was left to prosecute the War which he did so successfully that the King sued for Peace which was concluded to our advantage and he was satisfied with the restitution of the Islands his Wife and the People taken in them The Vice-Roy dispatched the Ships for Portugal That of Ferdinand Alvarez Cabral was Cast-away at Aguada de S. Blas some of the Men got ashoar in Boats After a tedious Journey by Land Cabral and D. Alvaro de Noronha with his Family were drowned in a River The Vice-Roy sent his Son D. Ferdinand with a good Fleet to the Red-Sea He attempted to gain the Fort of Dofar but was repulsed with loss of seven or eight Men so he returned without any effect 14. At Diu arose New Troubles on account of the death of the King Sultan Manaud He was bred with Poison like Mithridates that none might hurt him When his Women were near their time he opened them to take out the Children He was one day hunting a Deer with some of them and falling off from his Horse hung by the Stirrup the Horse dragged him and one of the Women running cut the Girts with a Cimiter in requital he killed her saying A Woman of such courage had enough to kill him A Page in whom he had great confidence murdered him for Tyrants always dye by the hands of those they trust A Child accounted his Son succeeded him The Nobility offended at the Insolence of Madre Maluco who with the Title of Governour managed the Affairs of the Crown rebelled in several parts One of these was Abixcan at Diu who suffering his Men to Affront ours obliged D. Iames de Almeyda to enter the City with Five hundred Men killing a great number and plundering their Houses Abixcan though late saw his Error and came to Composition and was afterwards more submissive than had been at first desired of him 14. D. Iames de Noronha succeeded Almeyda in that Post in pursuance of the Kings Order before-mentioned The Moors forgetting their Fault and the Punishment they had incurred relapsed again Noronha with Six hundred Men so refreshed their Memories that they abandoned the City Cide Elal who Commanded in the Castle that was in the City offered to defend himself but seeing our Men begin to scale it submitted to march away without Arms. The Castle was demolished Scarce was it done when Abixcan appeared with Four hundred Men. Ferdinand de Castanoso advanced to meet him with One hundred and twenty but Three hundred of the Enemies Horse obliged him to retire in such disorder that on a sudden he found he had but seventeen Men left He posted himself where the Horse could not come and the Three hundred Enemies dismounting beset the 18 who back to back defended themselves till they were all killed their Hearts cut out and carried to the General 15. D. Iames de Norona marched on with the rest of the Men ignorant of what had happened but so impatient to engage with Abixcan that he could no way be dissuaded from pressing forward Meeting the Three hundred Horse he fell on furiously and put them to flight but Abixcan coming on with his Cannon D. Iames was forced to retire rather losing than gaining Reputation in this Action Common Conveniency brought them to an Accommodation Noronha this day lost by his Rashness what he often deserved for his Valour for the Factor endeavouring to stop his fury and saying to him He ought to consider the King's Fort would be lost He Answered in a Passion No matter when I am gone all is gone This saying was remembred when he was in election to be Vice-Roy of India and deprived him of that Post because it was thought so great a Trust could not with safety be reposed upon so rash a Man 16. The Great Turk hearing Miradobec was come off worse than the Unfortunate Pirbec and Alechelubij making great boast of what he would do gave him the Command of fifteen Galleys D. Ferdinand who was come out of the Red-Sea went after them On the 25th of August he had sight of them near Mascate Alechelubij not daring to give Battle endeavoured to get off with all his Galleys but six of them could not escape being taken by our Caravels 17. D. Ferdinand put into Mascate refitted the Galleys bought the Slaves and appointed them Captains Alechelubij pursued by some of our Vessels was drove into Suratt with seven of his nine Galleys and there shut up by D. Hierome de Castellobranco Nuno de Castro and D. Emanuel Mascarenhas The other two were pursued by D. Ferdinand de Monroy and Antony Valadares till they were beaten to pieces on the Coast of Damam and Daru 18. But because one is coming to succeed our Vice-Roy let us say somewhat of him He was modest easie and not active which was the Cause his Government answered not expectation As to his Person he was of a middle Stature a graceful Countenance and agreeable Behaviour his Complexion swarthy his Hair black In the number of Vice-Roys he was the 5th in that of Governours the 17th and held it four years the second of the Name and Sirname CHAP. XI The Government of the Vice-Roy D. Peter de Mascarenhas from the Year 1554 till 1555 King JOHN the Third still Reigning 1. DOn Peter de Mascarenhas was of one of the best Families of Portugal and had born the most considerable Offices in the Kingdom and was 70 years of Age when named Vice-Roy of India He set out of Lisbon with six Ships one of them was drove back and that in which he went as soon as he Landed at Goa sunk downright In these Ships were Two thousand Land-men The first thing the Vice-Roy did he appointed his Nephew Ferdinand Martinez Admiral to the great dissatisfaction of all Men. Martinez had 32 Sail given him and Orders to bring to Goa the 7 Turkish Galleys that were blocked up at Suratt Cáraçen Commander of that place would not permit it and gave good sufficient Reasons for his refusing so by

the Empire of China collected from the Memories and Observations of F. Alvaro Semedo of the Society of Jesus 16. Bartholomew de Argensola of the Molucoes who in many Particulars errs as much as F. Urreta 17. Manuel Xaverius a Jesuit of the Victories obtained by Nunno Alvarez Botello 18. Two Poems of Hierome de Cortereal 19. Francis Alvarez a Priest of the Affairs of Abassia 20. F. Iohn de los Santos a Dominican of the Affairs of Ethiopia 21. F. Luis de Urreta MANUSCRIPTS 1. ONE Volume of the Portugues Voyages found among the Papers of the Bishop D. Hierome Osorio Emanuel Fernandez Villareal helped me to the sight of it and from me it went to D. Hierome Mascarennas of the Council of Orders in Castile 2. Five Decades of Iames de Couto Historiographer of India from the 8th to the 12th the last but half compleat 3. The History of the Actions of D. Paul de Lima a great Man in India by the same Couto 4. The 13th Decade of Antony Bocarro Historiographer of India yet not divided into 10 Books as the Title implies 5. Military Affairs of India a Book of great Learning written by Francis Rodriguez Silveyra who served there some Years and gained Reputation 6. The Spiritual Conquest in Asia by F. Paul of the Trinity a Franciscan in the Year 1630. I saw it upon occasion of its being designed to be Printed at Madrid in the Year 1638 when the Ordinary sent it to me for my approbation It is a good Work and treats of what relates to that Order 7. A Translation of that which among the Malabars is held in the same Account as the Bible among us It treats of their Gods and Ceremonies it is strange and resembles Ovid's Metamorphoses The Heads of it are in the 4th Part of the 2d Tome of my Asia 8. One Volume of several Relations of the Affairs of Asia and of some Shipwrecks A Relation of the Government of the Viceroy the Count de Linnares given by his Order to a Spaniard who promised to write his Actions Another of the same by Captain Dominick de Toraly Valdez who served under him in India 9. A Copy of several other Relations communicated to me by Emanuel de Severim as also the Book of the Malabars that of the military Affairs and that of Bocarro above mentioned 10. Loose Papers and annual Letters of the Jesuits imparted to me by F. Alvaro Semmedo of the same Order out of which I afterwards collected the History intituled The Empire of China 11. The Chronicles of King Alfonso the 5th and the Earl D. Duarte de Meneses Commander in Africk by Gomez Yanez de Azurara Historiographer to King Alfonso the 5th 12. One Volume of divers Relations of Occurrences in Africk during the Reigns of King Iohn II. Emanuel Iohn III. and Sebastian 13. A Description of Ethiopia by F. Emanuel Barradas a Jesuit who having seen the Country himself truly and zealously discovers the many and remarkable Errors set down in his Ethiopia by the Learned and Elegant F. Luis de Urreta Emanuel Severim de Faria imparted it to me Besides the Books above mentioned there is much relating to Asia in the Chronicles of King Iohn II. King Emanuel King Iohn III. and King Sebastian as well in those which are still in Manuscripts as those Printed FINIS 1412. 1415. 1418. 1419. 1434. 1435. 1440. 1442. 1443. 1444. 1445. 1446. 1447. 1448. 1448. 1449. 1460. 1471. 1484. 1489. 1490. 1491. 1493. 1497. 1498. 1502. 1506. 1507. 1508. 1512. 1514. 1564 1567. 1569. 1570. 1573 1575. 1575. 1577. 1538. 1539. 1564. 1544. 1545. 1545. 1547. 1549. 1553. 1554. 1556. 1557. 1558. 1560. 1561. 1561. 1563. 1564. 1515. 1516. 1517. 1518. 1519. 1520. 1521. 1522. 1526. 1527. 1529. 3530. 1531. 1532. 1534. 1538. 1594. 1595. 1596. 1617. 1617. 1624. 1629. 1632. 1632. 1639. 1640.