decision_n than_o philosopher_n to_o continue_v in_o the_o error_n of_o their_o youth_n but_o yet_o when_o the_o argument_n pro_fw-la and_o contra_fw-la weigh_v equal_o and_o reason_n seem_v puzzle_v where_o to_o incline_v the_o authority_n even_o of_o our_o former_a decision_n shall_v cast_v the_o balance_n especial_o where_o the_o same_o reason_n then_o urge_v be_v there_o press_v and_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n of_o which_o decision_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n if_o a_o whole_a tract_n of_o decision_n can_v be_v produce_v it_o will_v infallible_o bind_v wherein_o craig_n diag_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la quo_fw-la utimur_fw-la agree_v with_o callistrotus_fw-la l._n 38._o de_fw-la leg_n in_o ambiguitatibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la legibus_fw-la profisciscuntur_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la aut_fw-la rerum_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la judicatarum_fw-la auctoritatem_fw-la vim_o legis_fw-la obtinere_fw-la where_o these_o decision_n have_v proceed_v upon_o a_o debate_n by_o which_o the_o 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lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n diamitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi d._n escosse_n and_o duck_v the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n for_o crymes_n be_v the_o same_o almost_o every_o where_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collectas_fw-la tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorrens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o fond_a of_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o boet._n observe_v lib._n 17._o that_o he_o make_v a_o act_n ordain_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v succeed_v to_o a_o great_a estate_n in_o scotland_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o erect_v two_o profession_n of_o it_o one_o at_o saint_n andrews_n and_o another_o at_o aberdeen_n and_o when_o james_n the_o 2._o do_v by_o the_o 48_o act_n of_o his_o 3._o parliament_n ordain_v that_o his_o subject_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o no_o foreign_a law_n he_o design_v not_o to_o debar_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o to_o obviate_v the_o vain_a pretence_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o canon_n and_o concession_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o people_n as_o law_n by_o the_o church_n man_n of_o these_o time_n the_o four_o branch_n of_o our_o criminal_a law_n be_v the_o book_n of_o reg._n maj_n which_o be_v in_o criminalibus_fw-la look_v upon_o as_o authentic_a thus_o the_o thief_n must_v be_v punish_v before_o the_o recepter_fw-la and_o assyser_n must_v be_v pares_fw-la curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o which_o and_o many_o other_o maxim_n there_o be_v no_o warrant_n beside_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o these_o book_n of_o reg_n majest_n but_o why_o shall_v this_o be_v doubt_v see_v they_o be_v cite_v as_o such_o act_n 47._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a and_o ignorant_a assyser_n shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n and_o by_o the_o 98._o act_n 14._o p._n l._n 3._o transgression_n of_o that_o act_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v conform_v to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la likeas_fw-la by_o the_o 54._o p._n 3._o i._o 1._o a_o committee_n of_o parliament_n be_v ordain_v to_o meet_v and_o examine_v the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la and_o quoniam_fw-la atta_fw-la chiamenta_fw-la which_o be_v repeat_v 115._o act._n 14._o p._n i._n 3._o and_o albeit_o they_o contain_v many_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o in_o use_n with_o we_o yet_o they_o have_v be_v in_o use_n and_o this_o objection_n will_v conclude_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o to_o 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away_o a_o crime_n but_o such_o as_o can_v introduce_v a_o crime_n and_o therefore_o m_n r._n archb_n beath_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v some_o man_n he_o allege_v that_o these_o man_n be_v bring_v meal_n from_o ireland_n and_o that_o by_o act_n of_o council_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o sink_v or_o kill_v such_o as_o contraveen_v the_o act._n to_o which_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n do_v reply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n can_v not_o warrant_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o free_a liege_n and_o the_o commit_n of_o murder_n which_o reply_n be_v find_v relevant_a but_o since_o the_o council_n be_v to_o secure_v the_o peace_n and_o that_o many_o accident_n may_v emerge_n wherein_o the_o public_a peace_n can_v be_v preserve_v without_o this_o power_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o limit_v they_o too_o much_o iv._o whether_o dolus_fw-la or_o a_o wicked_a design_n be_v requisite_a in_o all_o crime_n be_v large_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o doctor_n and_o be_v most_o full_o debate_v in_o the_o process_n of_o ochiltrie_a balmerino_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o argyle_n and_o by_o the_o text_n §_o placuit_fw-la just_a de_fw-fr furt_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr l._n pen._n ff_n ad_fw-la leg._n jul_a de_fw-fr adult_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o design_n make_v only_o a_o action_n criminal_a but_o in_o my_o judgement_n this_o inquiry_n may_v be_v resolve_v in_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o see_v man_n can_v only_o offend_v in_o what_o be_v voluntar_n to_o he_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o will_n be_v the_o only_a fountain_n of_o wickedness_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v at_o first_o the_o design_n of_o lawgiver_n only_o to_o punish_v such_o act_n as_o be_v design_o malicious_a 2._o because_o design_n be_v a_o private_a and_o conceal_v act_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o escape_v the_o severe_a probation_n therefore_o in_o some_o case_n this_o dolus_fw-la be_v allow_v by_o law_n to_o be_v infer_v from_o conjecture_n and_o presumption_n where_o the_o act_n be_v
sine_fw-la juramento_fw-la est_fw-la perjurii_fw-la reus_fw-la nor_o be_v a_o person_n depon_v for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o council_n oblige_v before_o a_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la to_o consider_v what_o she_o be_v depon_v as_o liable_a to_o the_o certification_n of_o perjury_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o need_v no_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la so_o that_o before_o the_o administration_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o deponer_n be_v neither_o a_o witness_n nor_o swear_v can_v neither_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n nor_o false_a witness_v much_o less_o can_v she_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o have_v depone_v false_o which_o be_v a_o complicate_v crime_n make_v up_o of_o perjury_n and_o falsehood_n 3._o she_o be_v but_o one_o single_a witness_n and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v prejudge_v by_o her_o testimony_n the_o person_n against_o who_o she_o depone_v &_o semper_fw-la perpendendum_fw-la est_fw-la damnum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la perjurio_fw-la resultat_fw-la carpz_n quaest_n 46._o n._n 47._o likeas_n here_o she_o retract_v she_o own_o deposition_n herself_o before_o any_o pursuit_n be_v or_o can_v be_v intent_a against_o those_o gentleman_n and_o that_o she_o depone_v be_v the_o result_n of_o the_o confusion_n she_o be_v put_v in_o by_o her_o appearance_n before_o the_o council_n be_v a_o young_a girl_n not_o exceed_v 18._o so_o that_o her_o age_n and_o sex_n shall_v excuse_v she_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la calore_fw-la iracundiae_fw-la aut_fw-la forte_fw-fr lingua_fw-la lapsus_fw-la aut_fw-la praecipitatus_fw-la perjurium_fw-la commisit_fw-la ei_fw-la eo_fw-la casu_fw-la ignosci_fw-la debet_fw-la rens_n lib._n 3._o decis_fw-la 2._o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o natural_a or_o less_o dangerous_a then_o that_o a_o guilt_n arise_v from_o a_o deposition_n and_o mere_a word_n shall_v be_v take_v off_o in_o the_o same_o way_n especial_o before_o any_o person_n be_v thereby_o prejudge_v as_o in_o this_o case_n 4._o this_o libel_n can_v not_o be_v warrantable_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o q._n m._n which_o punish_v only_a perjury_n commit_v in_o marry_v two_o wife_n but_o no_o other_o species_n of_o perjury_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o be_v cite_v before_o the_o council_n aught_o to_o have_v depone_v true_o even_o for_o inform_v the_o supreme_a judicatory_a of_o the_o nation_n who_o use_n and_o must_v examine_v woman_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o such_o atrocious_a and_o occult_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o some_o case_n cast_v a_o woman_n from_o be_v witness_n yet_o that_o excuse_n she_o not_o if_o she_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o 2._o lawyer_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o witness_n may_v depon_n without_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o swear_v they_o be_v not_o essential_a since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v remit_v it_o and_o yet_o the_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o even_o though_o not_o swear_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n bart._n in_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o fall_v clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 11._o to_o the_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o inform_v against_o these_o gentleman_n in_o a_o treasonable_a point_n and_o may_v have_v prejudge_v they_o nor_o do_v her_o retraction_n proceed_v from_o repentance_n but_o confrontation_n nor_o do_v she_o accidental_o only_a or_o by_o confusion_n lapse_n into_o this_o error_n she_o have_v spread_v these_o misreport_n before_o she_o be_v cite_v and_o have_v reiterated_a her_o confession_n after_o citation_n to_o the_o 4._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oppon_v which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1615._o grahame_n of_o long-boddom_a and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1622._o turnbul_n of_o belshes_n and_o late_o dempster_n of_o muresk_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o depon_v false_o or_o seduce_v other_o to_o depon_n but_o these_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v vii_o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v banishment_n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr crimine_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la &_o fustigatio_fw-la or_o scourge_v l._n si_fw-la duo_fw-la §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la perjuraverit_fw-la by_o our_o law_n act_n 19_o parl._n 5._o q._n marry_o bigamy_n be_v declare_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o as_o infamous_a person_n they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n nor_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v as_o to_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o perjury_n be_v not_o formal_o punishable_a with_o we_o but_o only_o declaratorly_a perjury_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o heinous_a a_o crime_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o perjury_n be_v before_o this_o act_n punishable_a after_o this_o manner_n for_o by_o the_o 4._o cap._n lib._n 1._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la super_fw-la assisa_fw-la spoliabuntur_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la carcerem_fw-la detrudentur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la adminus_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la incurrent_a &_o amittent_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la which_o skeen_n interpret_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr habère_fw-fr personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o not_o to_o be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n either_o in_o judicio_fw-la or_o extrajudicium_fw-la which_o act_n be_v likewise_o ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n i._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n man-swearing_a shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o king_n old_a law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n where_o perjury_n be_v to_o be_v infer_v from_o a_o deposition_n either_o as_o party_n or_o witness_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o deposition_n be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o mr._n james_n row_n can_v not_o be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o his_o deposition_n subscribe_v by_o the_o clerk_n sometime_o the_o council_n change_v the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n into_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o galbraith_n who_o come_v in_o will_n for_o perjury_n 23._o july_n 1625._o title_n xxx_o of_o injury_n personal_n and_o real_a and_o of_o infamous_a libel_n 1._o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a 2._o the_o requisit_n in_o libel_v verbal_a injury_n 3._o what_o be_v real_a injury_n 4._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o verbal_a or_o real_a injury_n 5._o infamous_a libel_n how_o punish_v 6._o leasing-maker_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n i_o have_v ofttimes_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v walk_v legal_o not_o only_o in_o obedience_n but_o gratitude_n to_o law_n since_o the_o law_n take_v so_o much_o pain_n to_o secure_v not_o only_o our_o life_n and_o estate_n but_o even_o our_o honour_n and_o reputation_n and_o will_v humour_v we_o so_o far_o as_o that_o because_o we_o will_v think_v raillery_n a_o misfortune_n it_o will_v therefore_o punish_v even_o these_o who_o offend_v our_o imagination_n i._o injury_n then_o in_o its_o more_o comprehensive_a sense_n may_v give_v a_o name_n to_o all_o crime_n for_o all_o crime_n be_v injury_n but_o injury_n as_o it_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o title_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o contumely_n or_o reproach_n it_o be_v divide_v by_o lawyer_n into_o such_o as_o be_v commit_v by_o thought_n deed_n word_n and_o gesture_n but_o the_o more_o receive_v division_n be_v that_o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a ii_o verbal_a injury_n be_v these_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o unwarrantable_a expression_n as_o to_o call_v a_o man_n a_o cheat_n or_o a_o woman_n a_o whore_n but_o because_o expression_n vary_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o except_o the_o word_n can_v allow_v of_o no_o good_a sense_n as_o whore_n or_o thief_n or_o that_o there_o lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o speaker_n the_o injuriandi_fw-la animus_n the_o design_n of_o injure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o injure_v word_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o the_o speaker_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o purge_v his_o guilt_n by_o declare_v his_o intention_n l._n 5._o §_o octavo_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o his_o declaration_n will_v without_o a_o oath_n be_v sufficient_a except_o the_o offender_n be_v burden_v with_o contrary_a presumption_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 60._o num_fw-la 18._o lawyer_n therefore_o require_v in_o libel_v injury_n 1._o that_o the_o particular_a expression_n be_v distinct_o condescend_v upon_o nor_o be_v the_o general_a you_o call_v i_o a_o cheat_n or_o say_v some_o such_o thing_n sufficient_a see_v not_o only_a word_n but_o even_o the_o point_n of_o they_o do_v alter_v the_o estimat_fw-la of_o injury_n 2._o the_o pusuer_fw-mi shall_v libel_v the_o design_n of_o injure_v
what_o consist_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v doubt_v and_o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n c._n i._n a_o civil_a action_n be_v defyne_v to_o be_v that_o which_o concern_v land_n or_o good_n and_o a_o criminal_a action_n that_o which_o concern_v life_n or_o limb._n but_o skeen_n in_o his_o observation_n upon_o that_o place_n do_v confess_v all_o that_o to_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o concern_v the_o public_a good_a whether_o a_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v crave_v but_o this_o be_v also_o too_o general_a especial_o since_o the_o law_n divide_v crymes_n in_o public_a and_o private_a crymes_n and_o therefore_o i_o offer_v these_o consideration_n 1._o all_o transgression_n of_o law_n be_v not_o criminal_a five_o g._n to_o make_v a_o disposition_n in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n be_v not_o criminal_a though_o it_o be_v prohibit_v 2._o that_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n which_o bear_v express_o to_o be_v punishable_a by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o pecunial_a mulct_n for_o in_o my_o lord_n renton_n case_n against_o hoom_n it_o be_v find_v that_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v criminal_a though_o it_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o act_n whereby_o it_o be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o definit_a punishment_n nor_o be_v it_o express_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n likea_n single_a adultery_n be_v punishable_a albeit_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n by_o any_o express_a law_n with_o we_o 3._o that_o can_v only_o be_v think_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o poind_v of_o ox_n be_v no_o more_o such_o than_o make_v fraudulent_a disposition_n iii_o the_o true_a nature_n then_o of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o general_a conclusion_n first_o that_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v declare_v such_o by_o a_o express_a statute_n as_o murder_n treason_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o nothing_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v so_o by_o a_o statute_n for_o this_o will_v make_v subject_n inexcusable_a and_o prevent_v the_o arbitrariness_n of_o judge_n and_o i_o find_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o criminalist_n nothing_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n or_o punish_v criminal_o but_o what_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n under_o a_o express_a pain_n or_o punishment_n for_o they_o observe_v that_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o punishment_n inflict_v but_o where_o a_o delict_n be_v commit_v so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o delict_n but_o where_o the_o law_n have_v appoint_v a_o punishment_n cabal_n cas._n 1._o and_o this_o be_v clear_a l._n at_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la §_o divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr religios_fw-la &_o sumpt_n fun_n l._n haeres_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr usufr._n leg_n surd._n consil_n 301._o and_o yet_o lawyer_n assert_v that_o such_o as_o disobey_v and_o transgress_v any_o prohibit_v law_n may_v be_v punish_v arbitrar_o as_o contemner_n of_o the_o law_n suitable_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o contempt_n though_o they_o can_v be_v punish_v criminal_o as_o guilty_a of_o a_o crime_n cabal_n ibid._n 2._o the_o transgress_v any_o municipal_a law_n which_o prohibit_v that_o which_o either_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n punish_v criminal_o by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n be_v a_o crime_n and_o thus_o the_o poynd_n ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v declare_v a_o crime_n in_o the_o former_a decision_n because_o though_o it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n which_o do_v bear_v no_o punishment_n yet_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n whereby_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n 3._o that_o be_v a_o crime_n whereby_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v immediate_o disquiet_v or_o whereby_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v violate_v thus_o incest_n and_o rapt_n be_v account_v crymes_n with_o we_o before_o they_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v such_o by_o a_o express_a law_n and_o bestiality_n and_o sodomy_n be_v crymes_n though_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o statute_n against_o they_o 4._o that_o be_v a_o crime_n which_o long_a custom_n have_v punish_v by_o corporal_a punishment_n or_o by_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n in_o the_o justice_n court_n as_o single_a and_o not_o manifest_a adultery_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v the_o first_o fountain_n of_o our_o criminal_a law_n and_o thus_o the_o lybel_n in_o single_a adultery_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o in_o usury_n we_o lybel_n upon_o the_o municipal_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n joint_o 2._o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v our_o proper_a law_n but_o even_o these_o may_v run_v in_o desuetude_n so_o far_o that_o they_o can_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n for_o former_a transgression_n since_o the_o people_n who_o know_v not_o law_n so_o much_o by_o read_v the_o book_n of_o statute_n as_o by_o see_v the_o daily_a practice_n of_o the_o country_n shall_v not_o be_v ensnare_v by_o pursuit_n upon_o old_a bury_v law_n which_o scarce_o lawyer_n study_v or_o know_v nor_o can_v the_o people_n be_v think_v to_o have_v contemn_v what_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v know_v and_o our_o judicator_n by_o ordain_v such_o ancient_a law_n to_o be_v renew_v by_o proclamation_n do_v confess_v that_o before_o these_o proclamation_n these_o law_n be_v not_o bind_v for_o else_o the_o renew_v they_o have_v be_v unnecessar_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o we_o have_v so_o many_o penal_a statute_n now_o in_o desuetude_n that_o the_o liege_n will_v be_v certain_o ruin_v by_o they_o and_o thus_o colonel_n borthwick_n have_v pursue_v the_o maltman_n criminal_o for_o contraveen_v the_o 92._o act._n 6._o parliament_n ja._n 4._o the_o council_n upon_o a_o supplication_n represent_v their_o ground_n sist_v that_o pursuit_n but_o desuetude_n must_v be_v universal_a ancient_a and_o notorious_a else_o the_o want_n of_o any_o of_o these_o three_o qualification_n will_v alter_v this_o conclusion_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o desuetude_n can_v in_o futurum_fw-la abrogate_v a_o crime_n and_o enervate_a the_o law_n altogether_o since_o the_o parliament_n only_o can_v rescind_v their_o own_o law_n nor_o shall_v the_o people_n nay_o nor_o our_o judge_n be_v make_v legislator_n consuetudinis_fw-la ususque_fw-la longavi_fw-la non_fw-la vilis_fw-la est_fw-la auctoritas_fw-la verum_fw-la non_fw-la usque_fw-la adeo_fw-la svi_fw-la valitura_fw-la momento_n ut_fw-la aut_fw-la rationem_fw-la uincat_fw-la aut_fw-la legem_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n quae_fw-la sit_fw-la long_o consuet_n which_o shall_v rather_o hold_v in_o crime_n then_o in_o any_o other_o subject_n because_o it_o seem_v absurd_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o people_n to_o loose_v themselves_o from_o the_o law_n make_v against_o themselves_o and_o to_o gain_v impunity_n by_o frequent_a repetition_n of_o their_o fault_n or_o to_o be_v able_a to_o free_v themselves_o from_o punishment_n by_o contemn_v these_o law_n by_o which_o they_o be_v inflict_v the_o decision_n of_o our_o criminal_a court_n as_o of_o all_o our_o other_o do_v bind_v the_o same_o or_o succeed_a judge_n rather_o out_o of_o decency_n than_o necessity_n for_o nothing_o tie_v judge_n but_o law_n and_o none_o can_v make_v law_n but_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v very_o suitable_a to_o l._n nemo_n c._n de_fw-fr send_v &_o inter_fw-la where_o justinian_n do_v express_o command_v ne_fw-la ullorum_fw-la judicum_fw-la sententiae_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la reputentur_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o give_v in_o that_o law_n be_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la exemplis_fw-la sed_fw-la legibus_fw-la est_fw-la judicandum_fw-la and_o the_o other_o reason_n l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la quia_fw-la imperator_fw-la est_fw-la solus_fw-la legum_fw-la conditor_fw-la and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o circumstance_n influence_n particular_a case_n how_o judge_n may_v fail_v where_o party_n be_v name_v and_o that_o decision_n pass_v necessary_o upon_o less_o premeditation_n than_o be_v necessary_a to_o law_n it_o will_v be_v find_v reasonable_a not_o to_o trust_v decision_n too_o much_o likeas_n our_o judge_n do_v make_v express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o we_o call_v they_o when_o they_o resolve_v to_o regulat_fw-la future_a case_n which_o be_v unnecessar_n if_o all_o decision_n do_v of_o themselves_o bind_v nor_o do_v the_o decision_n of_o the_o very_a parliament_n of_o paris_n bind_v even_o the_o pronounter_n themselves_o for_o the_o future_a as_o conan_n observe_v lib._n 1._o c._n 15._o and_o so_o frail_a and_o fallible_a a_o thing_n be_v man_n judgement_n especial_o where_o vote_n be_v number_v and_o not_o weigh_v or_o where_o experience_n may_v discover_v the_o error_n which_o the_o sharp_a reason_n can_v not_o foresee_v that_o therefore_o judge_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v tie_v from_o alter_v their_o
prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la during_o popery_n and_o this_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o almost_o all_o the_o doctor_n who_o think_v heresy_n crimen_fw-la mere_a ecclesiasticum_fw-la alcia_n in_o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 37._o the_o offic_n ord_n but_o they_o just_o conclude_v as_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o cognition_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o the_o punishment_n to_o the_o secular_a judge_n and_o this_o canonist_n call_v tradere_fw-la hâ—reticum_fw-la brachio_n seculari_fw-la and_o clarus_n do_v so_o far_a appropiat_fw-la this_o trial_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n that_o he_o allow_v not_o so_o much_o the_o secular_a judge_n as_o the_o power_n of_o mitigate_a the_o punishment_n and_o yet_o now_o the_o justice_n be_v judge_n competent_a in_o prima_fw-la instantia_fw-la to_o such_o as_o hear_v or_o say_v mass_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o be_v in_o general_n condemn_v by_o the_o church_n as_o guilty_a of_o heresy_n and_o yet_o the_o popish_a church_n be_v still_o judge_n to_o the_o protestant_n though_o they_o be_v condemn_v in_o general_a as_o heretic_n for_o the_o heretic_n be_v try_v and_o condemn_v first_o by_o the_o ecclesiastic_a judge_n among_o they_o the_o second_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o this_o act_n be_v that_o among_o ecclesiastic_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o first_o judge_n in_o heresy_n which_o be_v also_o conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o canonist_n clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 5._o after_o the_o reformation_n there_o be_v a_o confession_n of_o faith_n make_v and_o be_v set_v down_o by_o king_n james_n in_o his_o first_o parliament_n and_o ratify_v act_n 4._o and_o they_o who_o profess_v not_o the_o true_a religion_n may_v not_o be_v a_o judge_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o heritable_a office_n procurator_n nor_o member_n in_o any_o court_n ja._n 6._o pa._n 1._o c._n 9_o and_o such_o churchman_n as_o will_v not_o subscribe_v that_o confession_n be_v deprive_v ja._n 6._o pa._n 3._o act_n 46._o and_o all_o such_o as_o refuse_v to_o subscribe_v be_v to_o be_v repute_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o government_n act_n 47._o iv._o our_o law_n fear_v the_o pain_n take_v by_o the_o romish_a church_n more_o than_o the_o hazard_n arise_v from_o any_o else_o have_v be_v more_o severe_a to_o these_o than_o to_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o sayer_n or_o hearer_n of_o mass_n or_o such_o as_o be_v present_a thereat_o be_v punish_v 5._o act_n 1._o p._n i._n 6._o by_o confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a and_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n of_o their_o person_n for_o the_o first_o fault_n banishment_n for_o the_o second_o fault_n and_o death_n for_o the_o three_o fault_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o such_o as_o hear_v mass_n for_o curiosity_n may_v be_v thus_o punish_v which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a abroad_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o heresy_n must_v be_v a_o act_n upon_o design_n and_o yet_o this_o law_n make_v no_o distinction_n here_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o by_o confiscation_n of_o good_n immovable_a be_v mean_v land_n and_o heritage_n for_o they_o be_v call_v bona_fw-la immobilia_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o this_o shall_v only_o extend_v to_o heritable_a bond_n and_o such_o like_a but_o not_o to_o land_n for_o heritage_n use_v always_o to_o be_v express_v distinct_o when_o the_o confiscation_n of_o it_o be_v design_v and_o if_o heritage_n be_v forefault_v by_o the_o first_o fault_n the_o punishment_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o second_o fault_n which_o be_v only_a banishment_n nor_o do_v heritage_n use_v to_o be_v express_v under_o the_o word_n good_n but_o thereafter_o the_o sayer_n of_o mass_n and_o traffic_v papist_n and_o the_o receiver_n of_o they_o against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v be_v declare_v guilty_a of_o treason_n act_n 120._o pa._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o from_o these_o word_n against_o the_o king_n majesty_n and_o religion_n present_o profess_v it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o only_o such_o jesuit_n and_o other_o as_o traffic_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n such_o as_o these_o who_o attempt_v the_o gun-powder-treason_n or_o to_o kill_v the_o king_n or_o raise_v rebellion_n be_v only_o guilty_a of_o treason_n which_o seem_v the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v simple_a endeavour_v to_o persuade_v other_o in_o mere_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o be_v treason_n it_o be_v also_o observable_a from_o this_o act_n that_o such_o jesuit_n or_o traffic_v papist_n or_o receipter_n of_o either_o as_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o kirk_n be_v not_o to_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n so_o that_o here_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o repentance_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o though_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o treason_n they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o heretic_n conform_v to_o the_o abovecited_a 5._o act._n 1._o pa._n ja._n 6._o for_o the_o act_n only_o declare_v that_o the_o penalty_n foresay_a shall_v not_o strike_v against_o they_o and_o though_o as_o i_o observe_v former_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o heresy_n may_v by_o repentance_n save_o themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o declare_v liable_a to_o other_o punishment_n such_o as_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n but_o yet_o since_o our_o law_n appoint_v no_o other_o punishment_n against_o trafficker_n and_o receipter_n of_o jesuit_n but_o what_o be_v express_v here_o and_o that_o the_o punishment_n here_o express_v be_v take_v off_o in_o case_n of_o repentance_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v in_o case_n of_o repentance_n against_o these_o and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a that_o mere_a error_n in_o faith_n shall_v be_v pardon_v by_o mere_a repentance_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sayer_n and_o hearer_n of_o mass_n the_o former_a act_n seem_v to_o stand_v the_o seller_n also_o and_o disperser_n of_o erroneous_a and_o popish_a book_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o the_o 25._o act_n 11._o pa._n ja._n 6._o but_o the_o statutory_a word_n run_v only_o against_o the_o home-bringer_n of_o such_o book_n the_o book_n also_o be_v to_o be_v destroy_v and_o warrant_n be_v give_v to_o magistrate_n of_o burgh_n with_o a_o minister_n to_o intromet_n with_o they_o without_o hazard_n of_o spuilzie_a but_o yet_o the_o practica_fw-la other_o officer_n such_o as_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o regality_n do_v intromet_n with_o such_o book_n though_o they_o be_v not_o warrant_v and_o though_o inclusio_fw-la unius_fw-la est_fw-la exclusio_fw-la alterius_fw-la and_o though_o the_o act_n ordain_v a_o minister_n to_o be_v present_a which_o be_v certain_o appoint_v that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v whether_o the_o book_n be_v popish_a yet_o the_o praxi_fw-la magistrate_n use_v to_o intromet_n without_o have_v a_o minister_n present_a i_o find_v no_o express_a punishment_n against_o other_o heretic_n in_o our_o law_n nor_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la be_v other_o heretic_n punish_v corporal_o but_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o be_v punish_v conform_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o that_o general_a act_n of_o k._n james_n the_o first_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v as_o also_o it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o banish_v only_a jesuit_n and_o sayer_n of_o mass_n as_o be_v do_v december_n 9_o 1573._o mr_n john_n robertson_n be_v banish_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n he_o enact_v himself_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n never_o to_o return_v to_o scotland_n v._o the_o common_a law_n or_o doctor_n have_v introduce_v many_o specialty_n in_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o crime_n as_o first_o that_o less_o clear_a probation_n be_v admit_v in_o prove_v heresy_n than_o other_o crime_n clar._n §_o haeresis_fw-la num_fw-la 20._o and_o by_o a_o old_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la woman_n and_o pupil_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o we_o to_o prove_v hear_v and_o say_v of_o mass_n else_o that_o crime_n can_v not_o be_v prove_v 2._o a_o heretic_n may_v be_v try_v after_o death_n alber._n in_o rubr_n h._n t._n which_o they_o say_v hold_v not_o only_o in_o a_o heretic_n find_v guilty_a by_o probation_n haereticus_fw-la verus_fw-la but_o in_o these_o who_o be_v cite_v to_o compear_v for_o heresy_n but_o compear_v not_o who_o they_o call_v haereticum_fw-la praesumptum_fw-la but_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o no_o not_o in_o these_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o treason_n as_o be_v traffique_a jesuit_n or_o papist_n for_o only_a perduellion_n be_v by_o our_o law_n to_o by_o try_v after_o death_n but_o though_o the_o heretic_n can_v be_v punish_v after_o death_n yet_o his_o opinion_n may_v be_v condemn_v as_o heretical_a even_o after_o his_o death_n title_n v._o simony_n baratry_n 1_o what_o be_v simony_n 2_o how_o it_o
a_o subvassal_n by_o a_o subvassal_n and_o a_o burges_n by_o a_o burges_n but_o a_o low_a person_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o a_o high_a and_o by_o the_o chap._n 2._o stat._n alex._n 2._o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n but_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1._o june_n 1591._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n declare_v all_o such_o as_o be_v land_v man_n sufficient_a to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o the_o old_a law_n require_v noble_a man_n and_o gentleman_n only_o in_o such_o case_n and_o albeit_o of_o old_a it_o be_v uncontraverted_o receive_v that_o none_o shall_v pass_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o nobleman_n except_o nobleman_n nor_o upon_o the_o assize_n of_o baron_n except_o baron_n yet_o of_o late_o it_o have_v be_v much_o debate_v and_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o douglasse_n of_o spot_n 9_o may_v 1667._o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v home_o of_o ecles_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o spot_n be_v a_o baron_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v judge_v but_o by_o baron_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n conform_v to_o the_o citation_n above_o duced_z it_o be_v reply_v by_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n 1._o neither_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v or_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n be_v bind_v law_n but_o only_a book_n of_o apocrypha_n 2._o though_o they_o be_v law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la see_v burgess_n and_o other_o be_v daily_o admit_v by_o the_o late_a practic_n to_o pass_v upon_o baron_n assize_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n assizer_n be_v judge_n both_o to_o the_o relevancy_n and_o probation_n whereas_o now_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v but_o witness_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n repose_v much_o less_o confidence_n in_o they_o now_o then_o former_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o be_v so_o scrupulous_a in_o their_o election_n 3._o burgess_n be_v in_o parliament_n allow_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o assize_n of_o and_o forefault_n nobleman_n and_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o more_o solemn_a judicator_n and_o be_v reject_v in_o judicator_n where_o case_n of_o less_o importance_n be_v ordinary_o judge_v and_o in_o which_o the_o sentence_n pronounce_v may_v be_v easy_o repeal_v 4._o diet_n before_o the_o justice-court_n be_v always_o peremptor_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o diet_n behove_v very_o frequent_o to_o be_v desert_v if_o only_a nobleman_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o nobleman_n baron_n by_o baron_n 5._o by_o the_o state_n of_o king_n alexander_n above_z cite_v it_o be_v only_o requisite_a that_o knight_n be_v judge_v by_o knight_n but_o it_o be_v not_o add_v there_o that_o baron_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n which_o show_v that_o that_o privilege_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o they_o even_o in_o those_o day_n and_o last_o see_v all_o man_n life_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a concernment_n it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o he_o who_o can_v be_v judge_n of_o any_o man_n life_n may_v not_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o life_n of_o all_o man_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v as_o to_o the_o first_o that_o debate_n be_v oppone_v whereby_o it_o be_v evince_v in_o the_o title_n by_o what_o law_n crime_n be_v judge_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o book_n of_o quon_n attach_v and_o reg._n majes_n be_v our_o law_n and_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la abovecited_a dispence_v with_o that_o privilege_n in_o some_o case_n do_v demonstrat_fw-la that_o regular_o this_o privilege_n take_v place_n with_o we_o likeas_n skeen_n in_o his_o treatise_n concern_v the_o procedure_n before_o the_o justice_n general_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 3._o cite_v these_o law_n as_o bind_v and_o give_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v judge_v in_o that_o court_n but_o by_o his_o peer_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o this_o be_v a_o declinatur_fw-la and_o be_v arbitrary_a for_o party_n to_o plead_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v antiquate_v unless_o it_o have_v be_v allege_v that_o it_o have_v be_v plead_v and_o repel_v but_o as_o this_o citation_n out_o of_o skeen_n who_o be_v but_o a_o late_a author_n do_v show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v in_o viridi_fw-la observantia_fw-la so_o nobleman_n have_v late_o have_v the_o same_o indulge_v to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o traquair_n and_o lord_n ochiltree_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o upon_o the_o law_n here_o cite_v to_o the_o three_o found_v upon_o burgess_n sit_v upon_o forefaulter_n in_o parliament_n the_o same_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o case_n see_v the_o parliament_n may_z abrogat_fw-la law_n and_o so_o be_v not_o in_o their_o procedure_n tie_v to_o they_o and_o though_o burgess_n singly_o be_v not_o peer_n to_o nobleman_n yet_o the_o collective_a body_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v be_v much_o more_o their_o peer_n to_o the_o four_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o inconvenience_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v to_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o not_o after_o and_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o other_o side_n be_v much_o more_o press_v it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a that_o a_o assize_n of_o 15._o mean_a tradesman_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o try_v a_o duke_n or_o marquesse_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vast_a mistake_n to_o think_v that_o assize_n be_v only_a witness_n and_o not_o judge_n see_v they_o vote_v and_o their_o verdict_n be_v call_v a_o sentence_n and_o if_o art_n and_o part_n be_v libel_v the_o relevancy_n be_v in_o these_o case_n which_o use_v to_o be_v of_o all_o case_n most_o intricat_a simple_o refer_v to_o they_o without_o any_o debate_n to_o the_o five_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o inference_n be_v mere_o conjectural_a but_o if_o the_o text_n be_v consider_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o by_o knight_n there_o be_v mean_v vassal_n or_o free_a holder_n for_o the_o latin_a translation_n render_v the_o word_n knight_n not_o eque_v but_o mile_n and_o it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o a_o knight_n shall_v be_v judge_v by_o knight_n or_o free_a holder_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n or_o be_v in_o that_o place_n exegetick_n and_o not_o disjunctive_a and_o to_o the_o last_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o all_o man_n life_n be_v not_o equal_o precious_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n for_o even_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n mean_a people_n be_v judge_v to_o die_v for_o many_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o capital_o to_o noble_a roman_n and_o though_o with_o we_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o procedure_v against_o nobleman_n be_v just_o allow_v to_o be_v more_o solemn_a upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n ordain_v a_o new_a assize_n to_o be_v summond_v whereof_o the_o most_o part_n shall_v be_v baron_n and_o the_o remanent_fw-la land_v gentleman_n it_o be_v thereafter_o doubt_v whether_o a_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n have_v the_o same_o privilege_n so_o that_o none_o can_v pass_v upon_o his_o assize_n who_o be_v not_o baron_n or_o land_a man_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v this_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o baron_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n for_o his_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n will_v fall_v though_o not_o enter_v and_o as_o a_o baron_n though_o denude_v remain_v still_o a_o baron_n or_o a_o prelate_n though_o for_o age_n demit_v will_v be_v still_o a_o prelate_n so_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o baron_n though_o not_o enter_v shall_v be_v still_o a_o baron_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o december_n 1674._o to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o appearent_a heir_n be_v not_o nomen_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o privilege_n ought_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v and_o the_o appear_a air_n of_o a_o baron_n will_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n as_o be_v late_o find_v in_o sir_n allexander_n seaton_n case_n quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la in_o comodum_fw-la etc._n etc._n whereas_o in_o law_n all_o baron_n may_v have_v heir_n nor_o do_v the_o instance_n adduce_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o marriage_n or_o escheat_n militat_fw-la in_o this_o see_v these_o proceed_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la feudi_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la vi_fw-la privilegii_fw-la and_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o not_o of_o the_o appearent_a heir_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n 19_o of_o july_n 1675._o repel_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o assizer_n and_o find_v the_o privilege_a extend_v not_o to_o the_o appearent_a heir_n of_o baron_n mackintosh_n contra_fw-la frazer_n of_o culbokie_n not_o be_v this_o privilege_n extend_v to_o land_a man_n though_o infest_v if_o their_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n viii_o albeit_o it_o be_v ordinary_o receive_v that_o assiser_n may_v judge_v upon_o their_o proper_a
punish_v after_o the_o form_n of_o the_o king_n law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n skeen_n observe_v upon_o that_o place_n reg._n maj._n that_o amittere_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o non_fw-la habere_fw-la personam_fw-la standi_fw-la injudicio_fw-la and_o they_o can_v never_o be_v admit_v thereafter_o as_o witness_n neither_o in_o writ_n nor_o in_o judgement_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n but_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v know_v which_o of_o the_o assize_n assoilzy_v it_o be_v by_o the_o 9_o article_n regul_n 1670._o appoint_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o assize_n mark_v upon_o the_o same_o papper_n upon_o which_o the_o verdict_n be_v write_v who_o condemn_v and_o who_o assoilzâ—ed_v which_o paper_n be_v to_o be_v seal_v and_o keep_v till_o a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v raise_v the_o council_n sometime_o rescind_v verdict_n without_o any_o action_n of_o error_n in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o in_o george_n ghrahams_n case_n where_o they_o ordain_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o inquest_n whereby_o he_o be_v find_v to_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o recept_n of_o steal_a bond_n to_o be_v unjust_a and_o restore_v he_o against_o the_o same_o but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o who_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v may_v be_v restore_v against_o that_o verdict_n though_o it_o be_v find_v unjust_a see_v these_o who_o be_v unjust_o assoilzy_v can_v be_v thereafter_o pursue_v though_o the_o absolvitur_fw-la be_v find_v unjust_a per_fw-la argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la contrario_fw-la vid._n titl_n of_o the_o council_n where_o this_o question_n be_v full_o debate_v and_o determine_v title_n xxiv_o of_o probation_n by_o confession_n 1._o probation_n define_v 2._o probation_n by_o confession_n if_o judicial_a be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o probation_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n be_v a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n allowable_a 4._o what_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o qualify_a confession_n 5._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n 6._o how_o far_o a_o minor_n confession_n obliedge_n probation_n be_v so_o full_o treat_v of_o by_o the_o civilian_n and_o cannenist_n and_o we_o differ_v so_o little_a from_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v of_o it_o here_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o own_o law_n i._o probation_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o the_o judge_n be_v convince_v of_o what_o be_v asseâ—ted_v and_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v in_o probation_n by_o confession_n by_o oath_n by_o writ_n by_o witness_n and_o by_o presumption_n ii_o probation_n by_o confession_n be_v the_o most_o secure_a of_o all_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v in_o law_n that_o in_o confitentem_fw-la nullae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la suitable_a to_o which_o such_o as_o confess_v be_v ofttimes_o codemn_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o treat_v in_o the_o title_n of_o assize_n but_o because_o man_n will_v sometime_o confess_v a_o crime_n rather_o out_o of_o weariness_n of_o their_o life_n than_o a_o consciousness_n of_o guilt_n therefore_o the_o law_n have_v require_v that_o if_o there_o appear_v any_o aversion_n for_o life_n taedium_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la or_o any_o sign_n of_o distraction_n or_o madness_n that_o these_o confession_n shall_v not_o be_v rest_v upon_o except_o they_o be_v adminiculat_fw-la with_o other_o probation_n as_o also_o because_o confession_n be_v ofttimes_o emit_v negligent_o the_o confessor_n think_v that_o their_o private_a confession_n can_v prejudge_v they_o therefore_o the_o law_n do_v only_o give_v credit_n to_o judicial_a confession_n and_o not_o to_o these_o that_o be_v extrajudicial_a &_o extra_fw-la bancum_fw-la which_o maxim_n be_v strong_a with_o we_o then_o elsewhere_o because_o by_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 90._o all_o probation_n shall_v be_v lead_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o assize_n iii_o this_o maxim_n do_v admit_v in_o farin_n icius_fw-la opinion_n many_o limitation_n as_o 1._o that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o other_o presumption_n it_o be_v sufficient_a but_o except_o the_o presumption_n be_v very_o violent_a i_o can_v allow_v this_o limitation_n see_v confessio_fw-la extrajudicialis_fw-la in_o se_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la adminiculari_fw-la and_o therefore_o some_o approve_v bossius_n who_o admit_v this_o confession_n though_o adminiculat_fw-la only_a to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la ordinariam_fw-la for_o certain_o such_o prevarication_n and_o abuse_v of_o truth_n and_o judge_n deserve_v some_o punishment_n the_o second_o limitation_n be_v that_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v admit_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o accuser_n and_o accept_v by_o he_o than_o it_o be_v valid_a though_o extrajudicial_a but_o this_o i_o allow_v not_o because_o it_o be_v still_o extrajudicial_a and_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o die_v upon_o such_o a_o confession_n for_o which_o reason_n likewise_o i_o approve_v not_o the_o three_o and_o four_o limitation_n which_o be_v that_o if_o the_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v geminata_fw-la and_o reiterated_a or_o emit_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o multitude_n or_o ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v valid_a and_o i_o remember_v that_o though_o major_a weir_n confess_v sodomy_n and_o incest_n to_o minister_n and_o magistrate_n joint_o for_o exoneration_n of_o his_o conscience_n in_o presence_n of_o many_o person_n that_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o judicial_a confession_n as_o think_v the_o former_a not_o sufficient_a and_o yet_o frazer_n be_v condemn_v upon_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o assembly_n at_o aberdene_n and_o other_o noble_a man_n though_o retract_v 1641._o where_o this_o limitation_n be_v allege_v upon_o out_o of_o farinacius_n and_o this_o be_v represent_v to_o the_o parliament_n they_o refuse_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o refer_v all_o back_n to_o the_o justice_n who_o sustain_v the_o confession_n adminiculate_v as_o say_v be_v the_o six_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v valid_a if_o upon_o oath_n but_o i_o allow_v not_o this_o see_v oath_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o criminal_a case_n nor_o can_v the_o panel_n be_v force_v thereto_o and_o if_o he_o swear_v ultronious_o and_o undesired_a the_o confession_n will_v appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v suspect_n as_o emited_a either_o per_fw-la surorem_fw-la vel_fw-la ex_fw-la taedio_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la the_o seven_o limitation_n be_v that_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o crime_n confess_v consist_v in_o animo_fw-la as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o be_v doubt_v upon_o what_o reason_n a_o person_n accuse_v flee_v or_o shoot_v a_o pistol_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o neither_o allow_v this_o limitation_n for_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o rule_n see_v all_o crime_n require_v animum_fw-la delinquendi_fw-la and_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o some_o circumstance_n of_o a_o crime_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n and_o so_o this_o limitation_n may_v be_v true_a in_o that_o sense_n all_o these_o limitation_n be_v large_o rather_o than_o exact_o set_v down_o by_o farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confesso_fw-la quest_n 81._o reg._n 10._o confession_n though_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v sufficient_a if_o adminiculat_fw-la to_o subject_v the_o confessor_n to_o the_o torture_n but_o this_o be_v rare_o practise_v with_o we_o but_o i_o remember_v to_o have_v see_v mitchel_n late_o torture_v upon_o his_o retract_n a_o confession_n emit_v by_o he_o in_o presence_n of_o his_o majesty_n privy_a council_n and_o a_o confession_n extort_a by_o torture_n be_v in_o no_o law_n sufficient_a so_o that_o except_o it_o 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edinburgh_n the_o seven_o of_o april_n 1677._o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n that_o none_o shall_v re-print_n or_o import_n into_o this_o kingdom_n this_o book_n entitle_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a for_o the_o space_n of_o nineteen_o year_n after_o the_o date_n hereof_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o same_o to_o thomas_n brown_n george_n swintoun_n and_o james_n glen_n printer_n hereof_o and_o further_a punishment_n as_o the_o council_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o inflict_v upon_o they_o extract_v be_v i_o thomas_n hay_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v see_v how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n do_v agree_v with_o and_o supply_v we_o by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_a edinburgh_n print_v by_o 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genere_fw-la malitiae_fw-la so_o that_o every_o one_o have_v power_n to_o pursue_v a_o crime_n or_o a_o crime_n be_v declare_v public_a by_o a_o express_a law_n be_v not_o the_o true_a constitutive_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o public_a crime_n and_o a_o private_a but_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o for_o when_o the_o kingdom_n or_o state_n do_v find_v that_o any_o crime_n be_v of_o dangerous_a and_o universal_a consequence_n than_o they_o allow_v very_o just_o that_o every_o private_a man_n may_v accuse_v with_o we_o in_o scotland_n the_o vestige_n of_o this_o distinction_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v for_o albeit_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v yet_o no_o other_o person_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v any_o crime_n nisi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequatur_fw-la and_o that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v not_o pursue_v in_o all_o crime_n be_v clear_a from_o c._n 2._o lib._n 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of_o life_n or_o limb_n iu_o crime_n be_v either_o occult_a or_o manifest_v occult_a crime_n be_v these_o which_o either_o be_v occult_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o hamesucken_v conspiracy_n adultery_n or_o such_o as_o be_v occult_a by_o accident_n such_o as_o murder_v commit_v by_o innkeeper_n upon_o their_o guest_n though_o murder_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v not_o occult_a since_o it_o be_v ofttimes_o open_o commit_v this_o division_n be_v consider_v by_o lawyer_n either_o in_o order_n to_o probation_n because_o in_o occult_a crime_n less_o exact_a probation_n be_v accept_v and_o thus_o with_o we_o the_o be_v robe_v at_o sea_n be_v find_v probable_a by_o these_o in_o the_o ship_n because_o no_o other_o probation_n can_v be_v have_v there_o and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o crime_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a or_o they_o consider_v this_o division_n with_o respect_n to_o prescription_n because_o it_o be_v debate_v whether_o when_o a_o statute_n appoint_v a_o crime_n to_o be_v pursue_v betwixt_o and_o such_o a_o day_n that_o time_n shall_v run_v in_o occult_a crime_n from_o the_o time_n the_o crime_n be_v commit_v or_o from_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v in_o occult_a crime_n also_o torture_n be_v admit_v more_o easy_o then_o in_o other_o crime_n v._o crime_n be_v divide_v in_o such_o as_o be_v atrocious_a and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o atrocious_a crime_n be_v these_o wherein_o the_o guilt_n be_v very_o great_a vi_o in_o scotland_n crime_n be_v divide_v in_o statutory_a and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o punish_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n as_o common_a adultery_n bestiality_n etc._n etc._n and_o albeit_o it_o be_v controvert_v in_o the_o lord_n rentoun_v case_n jan._n 1666._o that_o the_o poynd_n of_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v can_v not_o be_v account_v a_o crime_n because_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v punishable_a by_o a_o express_a statute_n yet_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la it_o be_v forbid_v by_o a_o statute_n it_o be_v in_o so_o far_o a_o crime_n because_o authority_n be_v thereby_o contemn_v especial_o have_v be_v former_o declare_v a_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o adultery_n albeit_o it_o be_v not_o notour_n shall_v be_v a_o crime_n albeit_o its_o penalty_n be_v not_o express_v by_o a_o statute_n and_o with_o we_o especial_o of_o old_a it_o be_v most_o ordinary_a to_o forbid_v crime_n without_o express_a sanction_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n likeas_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n extraordinary_a crime_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v forbid_v by_o law_n but_o where_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v not_o determine_v from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o crime_n consist_v in_o its_o be_v forbid_v and_o not_o in_o have_v its_o punishment_n state_v by_o a_o express_a statute_n though_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v otherwise_o what_o crime_n be_v call_v crime_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o pledge_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v treat_v large_o title_n regality_n what_o crime_n be_v call_v crimina_fw-la excepta_fw-la be_v declare_v in_o the_o title_n treason_n title_n iii_o blasphemy_n 1_o what_o be_v blasphemy_n 2_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o blasphemy_n 3_o whether_o ignorance_n repentance_n or_o raillery_n be_v good_a defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n 4_o what_o be_v the_o punishment_n of_o blasphemy_n by_o the_o common-law_n 5_o what_o by_o our_o statute_n 6_o curse_v of_o parent_n and_o swear_v how_o punish_v blasphemy_n be_v call_v in_o law_n divine_a laese_n majesty_n or_o treason_n and_o it_o be_v commit_v either_o by_o deny_v that_o of_o god_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o one_o of_o his_o attribute_n or_o by_o attribute_v to_o he_o that_o which_o be_v absurd_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o his_o divine_a nature_n ii_o these_o who_o swear_v by_o the_o head_n or_o foot_n of_o god_n be_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o common_a law_n c._n 51._o si_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la capillum_fw-la 22._o quest_n 1._o videntur_fw-la enim_fw-la amplecti_fw-la anthropomorphitarum_fw-la haeresin_fw-la quae_fw-la membra_fw-la deo_fw-la tribuebat_fw-la by_o that_o cannon_n they_o be_v also_o punishable_a who_o delate_v not_o blasphemer_n albeit_o regular_o what_o be_v speak_v in_o passion_n be_v more_o moderate_o punish_v yet_o it_o lessen_v not_o a_o blasphemer_n crime_n hostien_n do_fw-mi de_fw-fr maled_n except_o he_o speak_v at_o such_o a_o rate_n as_o clear_o indicat_o that_o he_o be_v furious_a or_o somewhat_o distract_v or_o if_o he_o recover_v himself_o and_o testify_v immediate_o his_o contrition_n thus_o socin_n relate_v consilio_fw-la 102._o that_o a_o jew_n who_o have_v deny_v the_o omnipotence_n of_o god_n be_v absolve_v from_o a_o pursuit_n of_o blasphemy_n because_o he_o immediate_o throw_v himself_o upon_o the_o ground_n and_o kiss_v it_o and_o testify_v a_o extraordinar_a horror_n which_o lawyer_n say_v be_v a_o extraordinar_a punishment_n and_o oftentimes_o exceed_v the_o fear_n of_o death_n and_o there_o be_v some_o lawyer_n as_o abbas_n &_o felin_n ad_fw-la cap._n 13._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la jur_fw-la who_o conclude_v that_o either_o he_o who_o blasphem_n passionate_o be_v unlawful_o employ_v when_o he_o fall_v into_o that_o passion_n as_o in_o play_v at_o card_n drink_v etc._n etc._n and_o then_o his_o passion_n do_v not_o lessen_v his_o crime_n but_o if_o he_o be_v honest_o employ_v as_o do_v business_n treat_v for_o his_o friend_n and_o then_o if_o he_o blaspheme_v only_o in_o passion_n it_o lessen_v his_o guilt_n and_o shall_v mitigat_n his_o punishment_n but_o why_o shall_v passion_n excuse_v blasphemy_n more_o than_o murder_n if_o it_o be_v not_o because_o the_o fall_n can_v be_v repair_v by_o repentance_n a_o man_n be_v kill_v but_o the_o fault_n in_o blasphemy_n may_v be_v extinguish_v by_o repentance_n iii_o clarus_n think_v
dalkeith_n he_o immediate_o distract_v which_o article_n be_v likewise_o find_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o dilation_n which_o decision_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o dangerous_a for_o they_o want_v a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o be_v precedent_n whereby_o judge_n may_v become_v very_o arbitrary_a and_o against_o these_o i_o may_v oppone_v a_o three_o alledgiance_n use_v in_o the_o former_a process_n against_o agnes_n finnie_n wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o criminal_a libel_n shall_v be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o the_o deed_n subsume_v and_o that_o conclusio_fw-la semper_fw-la sequitur_fw-la debiliorem_fw-la partem_fw-la nam_fw-la libellus_fw-la est_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la apodicticus_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probabilis_fw-la and_o therefore_o except_o the_o libel_n can_v condescend_v upon_o some_o mean_v use_v by_o the_o panel_n from_o which_o the_o malefice_fw-la be_v necessary_o infer_v it_o can_v not_o be_v conclude_v that_o these_o malefice_n be_v do_v by_o she_o or_o that_o she_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o wrong_n do_v thus_o bodin_n lib._n 4._o do_v conclude_v that_o veneficae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la condemnandae_fw-la licet_fw-la sint_fw-la deprehensae_fw-la cum_fw-la bufonibus_fw-la ossibus_fw-la aliisque_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la egredientes_fw-la exovili_fw-la licet_fw-la oves_fw-la immediate_a moriantur_fw-la and_o perkins_n cap._n 6._o assert_n that_o neither_o defamation_n nor_o threaten_n albeit_o what_o be_v threaten_v do_v follow_v nor_o mala_fw-la fama_fw-la nor_o the_o defunct_n lay_v the_o blame_n of_o their_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n accuse_v call_v inculpatio_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n can_v infer_v this_o crime_n though_o all_o these_o be_v conjoin_v for_o in_o his_o opinion_n nothing_o can_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o condemn_v a_o witch_n except_o the_o panel_n own_o confession_n or_o the_o deposition_n of_o two_o famous_a witness_n depon_v upon_o mean_n use_v by_o the_o panel_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o chapter_n immediate_o subsequent_a to_o that_o wherein_o witch_n be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n god_n have_v express_o ordain_v that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o or_o three_o witness_n every_o word_n shall_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o the_o process_n deduce_v against_o isobel_n young_a for_o witchcraft_n feb._n 4._o 1629._o and_o against_o katherine_n oswald_n novemb_n 11._o 1629._o this_o point_n be_v likewise_o debate_v it_o be_v libel_v against_o the_o say_a katherine_n that_o by_o her_o witchcraft_n she_o cause_v a_o cow_n give_v blood_n instead_o of_o milk_n and_o cause_v a_o woman_n fall_v and_o break_v a_o rib_n in_o her_o side_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n there_o inter_fw-la terminum_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quem_fw-la inter_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cow_n give_v blood_n for_o milk_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o natural_a cause_n viz._n from_o lie_v upon_o a_o ant_n or_o emmot_n hill_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o because_o we_o know_v not_o what_o virtue_n may_v be_v in_o herb_n stone_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v it_o be_v very_o hard_o to_o find_v cure_v perform_v by_o the_o application_n of_o these_o without_o the_o use_v charm_n or_o spell_n to_o be_v witchcraft_n but_o when_o these_o outward_a application_n be_v use_v to_o do_v hurt_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o say_v margaret_n wallace_n be_v at_o enmity_n with_o john_n clark_n and_o after_o she_o be_v forbid_v to_o frequent_v his_o house_n do_v continue_v to_o frequent_v the_o same_o and_o do_v throw_v in_o blood_n or_o any_o unusual_a thing_n upon_o his_o wife_n pap_n if_o the_o child_n who_o suck_v the_o same_o have_v thereafter_o die_v i_o think_v this_o article_n join_v with_o precede_a defamation_n of_o she_o by_o another_o witch_n may_v have_v be_v find_v relevant_a because_o she_o be_v there_o in_o re_fw-mi illicita_fw-la and_o since_o the_o law_n can_v know_v exact_o what_o efficacy_n there_o be_v in_o natural_a cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o discharge_v any_o such_o superstitious_a forbid_a act_n as_o it_o please_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o witchcraft_n nor_o can_v these_o who_o be_v accuse_v complain_v of_o severity_n since_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la that_o use_v these_o forbid_a thing_n against_o the_o express_a commandment_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n and_o practic_n have_v forbid_v all_o charm_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o these_o who_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v whatever_o the_o pretext_n be_v upon_o which_o they_o be_v use_v or_o after_o whatever_o way_n or_o manner_n or_o to_o whatever_o end_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a x._o albeit_o per_n leg_n 4._o cod._n de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n these_o magic_a art_n be_v only_o condemn_v which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n but_o not_o these_o whereby_o man_n be_v cure_v or_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n preserve_v yet_o i_o have_v ofttimes_o impute_v this_o constitution_n to_o tribonian_a who_o be_v a_o pagan_a and_o a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o christian_n or_o else_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v or_o that_o thereby_o remedy_n assist_v by_o godly_a prayer_n be_v allow_v else_o what_o mean_v these_o word_n suffragia_fw-la innocenter_n adhibita_fw-la but_o since_o i_o be_o inform_v from_o the_o ecclesiastic_a historian_n as_o zozim_n lib._n 2._o that_o constantine_n be_v not_o yet_o turn_v christian_n when_o he_o pass_v that_o constitution_n but_o however_o this_o constitution_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o basilicks_n and_o the_o gloss_n say_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o repurgation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o constitution_n be_v very_o well_o reprobat_fw-la by_o leo_n 65._o novel_a and_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n tit_n de_fw-fr sorti-legiis_a and_o the_o general_a sanction_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n leave_v no_o place_n for_o this_o distinction_n suitable_a to_o all_o which_o john_n brough_n be_v convict_v for_o witchcraft_n in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o for_o cure_v beast_n by_o cast_v white_a stone_n in_o water_n and_o sprinkle_v they_o therewith_o and_o for_o cure_v woman_n by_o wash_v their_o foot_n with_o south-running_a water_n and_o put_v odd_a money_n in_o the_o water_n several_a other_o instance_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o process_n lead_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o and_o the_o instance_n of_o drummond_n be_v very_o remarkable_a who_o be_v burn_v for_o perform_v many_o miraculous_a cure_n albeit_o no_o malefice_fw-la be_v ever_o prove_v xi_o consult_v with_o witch_n be_v a_o relevant_a ditty_n with_o we_o as_o be_v find_v against_o alison_n jolly_a per._n octob._n 1596._o and_o this_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act._n the_o profess_v likewise_o skill_n in_o necromancy_n or_o any_o such_o craft_n be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n a_o relevant_a article_n for_o the_o full_a clear_n of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o divination_n be_v either_o per_fw-la daemono-mantiam_a the_o invocation_n of_o pagan_a god_n or_o nanganiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o prophesy_v for_o invocation_n of_o some_o sublunary_a thing_n mangania_n be_v divide_v in_o necromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o prophesy_v by_o depart_a spirit_n udromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o divination_n by_o water_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o species_n and_o kind_n of_o divination_n by_o any_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a prohibition_n of_o necromancy_n and_o such_o like_a act_n so_o that_o prediction_n and_o response_n by_o the_o sieve_n and_o the_o shears_n and_o by_o the_o book_n and_o all_o such_o cheat_n and_o species_n of_o sorcery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o this_o act_n yet_o these_o forbid_a practice_n may_v sometime_o be_v excuse_v by_o ignorance_n or_o if_o it_o can_v be_v clear_v by_o circumstance_n that_o the_o user_n design_v nothing_o but_o a_o innocent_a jest_n or_o recreation_n delrio_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o quaest_n 4._o xii_o the_o last_o article_n in_o criminal_a libel_n use_v ordinary_o to_o be_v the_o be_v delate_a by_o other_o witch_n which_o the_o doctor_n call_n diffamatio_fw-la and_o we_o common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n which_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o only_o join_v with_o other_o relevant_a article_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o foresay_a process_n of_o margaret_n hutchison_n though_o i_o think_v that_o interlocutor_fw-la very_o severe_a since_o if_o any_o of_o the_o former_a article_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a they_o need_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o fame_n and_o delation_n sometime_o likewise_o but_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n article_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o irrelevant_a be_v sustain_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o delation_n a_o example_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v
and_o the_o power_n of_o give_v of_o quarter_n be_v natural_o inherent_a in_o all_o soldier_n as_o such_o and_o as_o the_o council_n without_o express_a remission_n from_o the_o king_n upon_o submission_n may_v have_v secure_v their_o life_n so_o may_v soldier_n by_o quarter_n for_o they_o have_v as_o much_o power_n in_o the_o field_n as_o the_o other_o at_o the_o council_n table_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o quarter_n shall_v be_v keep_v though_o give_v to_o subject_n who_o be_v rebel_n grotius_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 19_o where_o after_o he_o have_v full_o treat_v that_o question_n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la servanda_fw-la conclude_v that_o side_n data_fw-la etiam_fw-la persidis_fw-la &_o rebellibus_fw-la subditis_fw-la est_fw-la servanda_fw-la and_o this_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o holland_n and_o france_n and_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o father_n at_o home_n during_o the_o late_a trouble_n 3._o quarâ—er_o be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o shall_v be_v keep_v for_o these_o who_o be_v take_v may_v have_v kill_v his_o majesty_n general_n or_o officer_n and_o by_o give_v quarter_n to_o his_o enemy_n he_o redeem_v his_o servant_n and_o if_o the_o only_a effect_n of_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o a_o public_a trial_n none_o will_v accept_v quarter_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o reply_n the_o defence_n be_v repel_v and_o the_o panel_n condemn_v and_o thereafter_o execute_v the_o second_o question_n be_v that_o which_o be_v debate_v in_o haddo_n case_n 16._o march_n 1642._o at_o which_o time_n that_o loyal_a gentleman_n haddo_n be_v pursue_v for_o kill_v mr._n james_n stalker_n servitor_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o allege_v that_o the_o say_v mr._n james_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o open_a field_n in_o a_o conflict_n betwixt_o the_o convenanters_n and_o ante-covenanters_n all_o which_o act_v of_o ostility_n be_v remit_v by_o the_o pacification_n to_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v reply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v only_o secure_a against_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o be_v do_v in_o furore_fw-la belli_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n for_o the_o say_a mr._n james_n have_v be_v take_v a_o prisoner_n haddo_n do_v come_v up_o to_o he_o and_o ask_v who_o servant_n he_o be_v and_o hear_v that_o he_o be_v servant_n to_o the_o lord_n frazer_n he_o say_v your_o master_n man_n be_v the_o person_n that_o i_o be_o seek_v and_o thereupon_o order_v to_o kill_v he_o which_o be_v according_o do_v by_o which_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v a_o private_a murder_n do_v in_o cold_a blood_n and_o upon_o premeditat_fw-la malice_n and_o mr._n james_n stalker_n be_v a_o prisoner_n any_o who_o kill_v he_o be_v liable_a for_o his_o murder_n ex_fw-la jure_fw-la militari_fw-la and_o the_o pacification_n can_v no_o more_o defend_v the_o committer_n then_o if_o he_o have_v go_v into_o a_o prison_n and_o kill_v a_o prisoner_n or_o if_o he_o have_v commit_v a_o rapt_v upon_o a_o woman_n likea_n murderer_n be_v express_o except_v from_o the_o pacification_n 2._o haddo_n be_v no_o general_a person_n and_o so_o can_v not_o give_v order_n for_o his_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o kill_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o warrantable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v that_o the_o pacification_n do_v secure_a against_o all_o deed_n whatsoever_o do_v upon_o the_o field_n by_o person_n engage_v in_o either_o party_n without_o debate_v whether_o the_o deed_n be_v lawful_o or_o unlawful_o do_v and_o the_o occasion_n and_o not_o the_o manner_n of_o kill_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n james_n have_v never_o get_v any_o quarter_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o prisoner_n in_o war_n and_o therefore_o may_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o engage_v in_o the_o quarrel_n whether_o general_a person_n or_o other_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o say_a haddo_n do_v command_v that_o party_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o his_o be_v a_o general_a person_n and_o albeit_o the_o pacification_n do_v express_o except_o murder_n yet_o that_o behove_v only_o to_o be_v interpret_v of_o such_o murder_n as_o have_v no_o contingency_n with_o the_o trouble_n nor_o be_v occasion_v by_o they_o this_o debate_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n execute_v for_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n iii_o i_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 1644._o to_o two_o baily_n of_o edinburgh_n to_o sit_v and_o hold_v justice_n court_n upon_o such_o soldier_n as_o be_v runaway_n and_o that_o upon_o this_o commission_n james_n french_a be_v condemn_v by_o they_o for_o run_v away_o from_o his_o colour_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o and_o be_v hang_v according_o from_o which_o these_o observation_n may_v be_v make_v 1._o that_o the_o justice_n be_v not_o judge_n competent_a to_o crime_n that_o be_v mere_o military_a 2._o that_o we_o have_v no_o stand_a law_n for_o execute_v runaway_n beside_o the_o martial_a law_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o law_n found_v upon_o this_o indictment_n except_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o which_o be_v now_o abrogat_fw-la 3._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o one_o mr._n alexander_n henderson_n as_o procurator_n fiscal_n and_o not_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v here_o pursuer_fw-mi from_o all_o which_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o this_o process_n shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o the_o adjournal_n book_n iu._n but_o albeit_o deserter_n be_v here_o punish_v with_o death_n yet_o regulariter_fw-la milites_fw-la gregarij_fw-la or_o list_a soldier_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n with_o degredation_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n with_o death_n because_o the_o hazard_n be_v then_o great_a l._n 5._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la and_o by_o that_o law_n they_o may_v be_v kill_v by_o any_o man_n lib._n 2._o cod._n quando_fw-la liciat_a unic_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o arbitrary_a kill_n be_v not_o now_o in_o use_n as_o voet_n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr militat_fw-la very_o well_o observe_v if_o superior_a officer_n leave_v their_o charge_n they_o commit_v treason_n l._n 2._o ff_n ad_fw-la leg_n jul_a maje_v vid._n tit_n treason_n v._o constantine_n have_v extinguish_v the_o office_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o military_a case_n the_o magistri_fw-la militum_fw-la succeed_v and_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o all_o crime_n commit_v by_o soldier_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o in_o military_a case_n and_o if_o soldier_n have_v offend_v the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v have_v secure_v but_o he_o be_v obledge_v to_o remit_v they_o cum_fw-la elogio_fw-la to_o their_o own_o officer_n l._n 9_o ff_n de_fw-fr custod_n reor_fw-la vid._n tit_n c._n de_fw-fr remilit_fw-la title_n xvii_o advocation_n of_o criminal_a cause_n 1._o advocation_n define_v 2._o no_o advocation_n from_o the_o justice_n 3._o how_o advocation_n be_v raise_v from_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o form_n thereto_o relate_v 4._o the_o ordinary_a reason_n of_o advocation_n examine_v 5._o whether_o the_o justice_n be_v proper_a judge_n to_o their_o own_o competency_n i._o advocation_n be_v the_o away_o call_v of_o a_o intend_a cause_n or_o pursuit_n from_o a_o inferior_a incompetent_a judicatory_a to_o a_o high_a and_o more_o competent_a and_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o we_o that_o recusatio_fw-la judicis_fw-la be_v with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v by_o the_o doctor_n call_v advocatio_fw-la or_o evocatio_fw-la which_o be_v by_o they_o define_v to_o be_v litis_fw-la pendentis_fw-la coram_fw-la inferiore_fw-la ad_fw-la superiorem_fw-la absque_fw-la provocatione_n facta_fw-la translatio_fw-la gail_n lib._n 1._o ob_n 41_o num_fw-la 7._o and_o be_v found_v upon_o cap._n ut_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la appell_n &_o l._n jud_v solvitur_fw-la ff_n de_fw-mi jud_v ii_o their_a be_v no_o advocation_n raise_v of_o pursuit_n intent_a before_o the_o justice_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o design_n of_o stop_v a_o pursuit_n depend_v before_o they_o there_o use_v to_o be_v a_o petition_n give_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a council_n who_o if_o they_o find_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o petition_n just_a will_v ordain_v the_o justice_n to_o stop_v all_o further_a procedor_fw-la or_o will_v remit_v the_o inquiry_n to_o any_o other_o court_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o pursuit_n intent_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n against_o some_o vassal_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n which_o they_o stop_v as_o to_o the_o earl_n himself_o and_o ordain_v his_o vassal_n to_o be_v pursue_v before_o his_o own_o regality_n court_n sometime_o also_o they_o ordain_v assessor_n to_o be_v justice_n so_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o cause_n formal_o advocate_n from_o before_o the_o justice_n
but_o though_o a_o person_n be_v at_o the_o horn_n for_o a_o civil_a cause_n it_o appear_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o because_o a_o person_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v a_o great_a sum_n for_o which_o he_o be_v denounce_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o therefore_o be_v admit_v do_v defend_v his_o own_o innocence_n against_o a_o crime_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n it_o seem_v likewise_o reasonable_a that_o some_o distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v betwixt_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o a_o defender_n in_o this_o case_n for_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o accuse_v another_o for_o a_o crime_n shall_v debar_v he_o from_o self-defence_n though_o the_o debar_v he_o from_o pursuit_n be_v not_o so_o unfavourable_a and_o upon_o this_o account_n in_o a_o case_n betwixt_o ninian_n spence_n and_o hector_n bannatine_n the_o justice_n find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v not_o by_o horn_v debar_v à _fw-la defendendo_fw-la the_o person_n who_o he_o himself_o have_v call_v it_o may_v be_v likewise_o allege_v that_o though_o the_o king_n advocate_n may_v debar_v a_o panel_n from_o his_o defence_n when_o he_o be_v at_o the_o horn_n that_o no_o private_a party_n can_v see_v they_o be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o the_o rebellion_n as_o the_o fisk_n be_v but_o this_o last_o distinction_n be_v rather_o reasonable_a then_o legal_a and_o therefore_o i_o mention_v it_o rather_o as_o a_o good_a overture_n than_o a_o stand_a law_n vi_o infamous_a person_n can_v accuse_v according_a to_o our_o law_n and_o what_o person_n be_v account_v infamous_a be_v particular_o enumerat_a in_o the_o foresay_a 11._o cap._n stat._n willielm_n 1._o infame_v dicimus_fw-la omnes_fw-la illas_fw-la personas_fw-la esse_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la aliqua_fw-la culpa_fw-la damnantur_fw-la notabili_fw-la 2._o et_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la christianae_fw-la legis_fw-la normam_fw-la abiiciunt_fw-la &_o ecclesiastica_fw-la statuta_fw-la contemnunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la sure_n sacrilegio_fw-la 3._o omnes_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la criminibus_fw-la irretitos_fw-la sepulchrorum_fw-la violatores_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la successorumque_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o reliquorum_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la patrum_fw-la libenter_fw-la violantes_fw-la statuta_fw-la 4._o et_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la adversus_fw-la patres_fw-la armantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la mundi_fw-la parte_fw-la infamia_fw-la notantur_fw-la 5._o similiter_fw-la incestuoso_n perjuros_fw-la homicidas_fw-la receptatores_fw-la malefactorum_fw-la adulteros_fw-la raptores_fw-la maleficos_fw-la de_fw-la bellis_fw-la publicis_fw-la fugientes_fw-la eâ—_n qui_fw-fr injusta_fw-la well_fw-mi indigna_fw-es sibi_fw-la petunt_fw-la loca_fw-la teneri_fw-la aut_fw-la sacrae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la auferunt_fw-la facultates_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la accusant_fw-la &_o non_fw-la probant_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la contra_fw-la innocent_n principum_fw-la animos_fw-la ad_fw-la iracundiam_fw-la provocant_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la suis_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la expelluntur_fw-la 6._o et_fw-la omnes_fw-la quos_fw-la ecclesiasticae_fw-la &_o seculares_fw-la leges_fw-la infame_v pronunciant_fw-la item_n seruos_fw-la ante_fw-la legitimam_fw-la libertatem_fw-la abeuntes_fw-la publicae_fw-la paenitentes_fw-la bigamos_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la integro_fw-la corpore_fw-la qui_fw-la sanam_fw-la mentem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la vel_fw-la intellectum_fw-la qui_fw-la furiosi_fw-la manifestantur_fw-la 7._o he_o omnes_fw-la supra_fw-la dicti_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la sacros_fw-la ordines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la debent_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la accusationem_fw-la vel_fw-la testimonium_fw-la admitâ—i_fw-la vii_o a_o person_n accuse_v be_v not_o oblige_v to_o answer_v of_o old_a but_o for_o one_o crime_n in_o one_o day_n except_o there_o be_v several_a pursuer_n quoniam_fw-la attachiamenta_fw-la cap._n 65._o by_o which_o accumulation_n of_o crime_n be_v express_o unlawful_a sed_fw-la hodie_fw-la aliter_fw-la obtinet_fw-la for_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinar_n nor_o to_o see_v five_o or_o six_o crime_n in_o one_o summons_n or_o indictment_n and_o to_o see_v one_o accuser_n pursue_v several_a summons_n and_o yet_o see_v crime_n be_v of_o so_o great_a consequence_n to_o the_o defender_n and_o be_v of_o so_o great_a intricacy_n it_o appear_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o a_o defender_n shall_v be_v burden_v with_o more_o than_o one_o defence_n at_o once_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o accumulation_n of_o crime_n be_v intent_a either_o to_o laese_v the_o same_o of_o the_o defender_n or_o to_o distract_v he_o from_o his_o defence_n viii_o to_o the_o end_n that_o person_n may_v not_o be_v unjust_o pursue_v the_o civil_a law_n do_v appoint_v two_o remedy_n 1._o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v find_v caution_n to_o insist_v 2._o that_o he_o shall_v be_v pursue_v as_o a_o calumniator_n if_o his_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v malicious_a as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o form_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v that_o the_o accuser_n be_v oblige_v the_o far_o nomen_fw-la rei_fw-la apud_fw-la praetorem_fw-la atque_fw-la se_fw-la inscribebat_fw-la libello_fw-la judici_fw-la porrecto_fw-la vel_fw-la incodice_fw-la publico_fw-la quaerela_fw-la deposita_fw-la cui_fw-la inscriptioni_fw-la subscribebat_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la talionis_fw-la paenam_fw-la se_fw-la obligabat_fw-la in_o casum_fw-la calumniae_fw-la inscriptionis_fw-la formula_fw-la à pparet_fw-la l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la consulibus_fw-la illis_fw-la die_fw-la illo_fw-la apud_fw-la praetorem_fw-la illum_fw-la titius_n professus_fw-la est_fw-la se_fw-la meviam_fw-la legem_fw-la julia_fw-la de_fw-la adult_fw-la ream_n defer_v quod_fw-la dicat_fw-la eam_fw-la cum_fw-la seio_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la illa_fw-la domo_fw-la illius_fw-la mense_fw-la illo_fw-la consulibus_fw-la illis_fw-la adulterium_fw-la commisisse_fw-la which_o inscription_n be_v only_o necessary_a in_o attrocious_a but_o not_o in_o light_a crime_n nam_fw-la illa_fw-la de_fw-la plano_fw-la discutiebantur_fw-la l._n levia_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la but_o in_o some_o case_n the_o necessity_n of_o inscription_n be_v remit_v even_o in_o attrocious_a crime_n as_o when_o a_o woman_n suorum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequitur_fw-la &_o parent_n silij_fw-la necem_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la and_o general_o where_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o be_v pursue_v for_o calumny_n he_o need_v not_o in_o scribere_fw-la because_o inscription_n be_v onlâ—â—â—â—essar_n to_o the_o end_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v if_o he_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o calumny_n nor_o be_v these_o inscription_n necessary_a in_o reconvention_n &_o ante_fw-la categoriis_fw-la because_o in_o these_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi intend_v not_o to_o calumniat_fw-la but_o only_o to_o defend_v himself_o by_o recriminate_v the_o pursuit_n the_o inscriber_n be_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n se_fw-la perseveraturum_fw-la in_o accusatione_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la sententiam_fw-la l._n 7._o ff_n de_fw-fr accus_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v by_o one_o of_o the_o greek_a scoliast_n say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ne_fw-la facile_fw-la quis_fw-la ad_fw-la accusationem_fw-la per_fw-la currat_fw-la suitable_a to_o this_o our_o law_n have_v ordain_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi when_o he_o raise_v a_o criminal_a libel_n shall_v find_v caution_n to_o insist_v in_o the_o intend_a pursuit_n and_o this_o caution_n be_v find_v either_o by_o the_o cautioner_n enact_v himself_o in_o the_o journel_n book_n which_o act_n be_v to_o be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o or_o else_o if_o the_o cautioner_n be_v absent_a he_o send_v a_o bond_n bear_v a_o clause_n of_o registration_n in_o the_o journal_n book_n which_o be_v according_o therein_o registrat_n this_o caution_n be_v first_o appoint_v by_o the_o 34._o act_n parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o by_o which_o the_o justice-clerk_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v sick_a surety_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v bring_v back_o the_o criminal_a letter_n endorse_v and_o execute_v but_o the_o cautioner_n be_v not_o oblige_v with_o we_o as_o he_o be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v insist_v and_o the_o penalty_n appoint_v by_o that_o act_n be_v a_o earl_n or_o lord_n two_o thousand_o mark_n a_o great_a baron_n one_o thousand_o mark_n a_o fermer_n five_o hundred_o mark_n a_o unlanded_a gentleman_n two_o hundred_o mark_n a_o yeoman_n two_o hundred_o mark_n but_o of_o old_a accuser_n behove_v to_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o l._n num_fw-la 6._o and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v a_o cautioner_n it_o be_v say_v there_o that_o his_o oath_n may_v be_v take_v in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v be_v lest_o too_o much_o severity_n in_o exact_v of_o caution_n deter_v the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o public_a crime_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o cautio_fw-la juratoria_fw-la can_v proper_o come_v in_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o sick_a security_n and_o there_o can_v be_v little_a hazard_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n see_v the_o law_n presume_v that_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n will_v be_v still_o so_o just_a as_o to_o pursue_v the_o public_a revenge_n where_o the_o party_n be_v unable_a whereas_o by_o admit_v this_o cautio_fw-la juratoria_fw-la ansa_fw-la praebetur_fw-la perjurio_fw-la and_o the_o defender_n be_v disappoint_v of_o his_o damnage_n and_o interest_n if_o the_o party_n fail_v by_o the_o 29._o cap._n stat._n rob._n 3._o pursuer_n before_o
the_o sheriff_n shall_v still_o find_v caution_n to_o insist_v but_o with_o we_o those_o ubi_fw-la svam_fw-la vel_fw-la suarum_fw-la injuriam_fw-la prosequuntur_fw-la &_o etiam_fw-la in_o anticategoriis_fw-la the_o accuser_n must_v still_o find_v caution_n wherein_o we_o do_v very_o reasonable_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o defender_n be_v as_o much_o prejudge_v and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o trouble_v if_o these_o pretext_n be_v allow_v to_o palliate_v the_o pursuer_n malice_n as_o general_o he_o can_v be_v in_o other_o case_n in_o this_o likewise_o we_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o his_o compearance_n which_o he_o be_v command_v to_o do_v by_o the_o letter_n by_o which_o the_o messenger_n be_v command_v to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n if_o within_o six_o day_n after_o the_o summons_n be_v execute_v against_o he_o he_o find_v not_o caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a which_o caution_n though_o it_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o messenger_n the_o messenger_n may_v still_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n for_o not_o find_v of_o caution_n and_o though_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o the_o advocate_n may_v pursue_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o private_a party_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n na_o in_o eo_fw-la non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la calumnia_fw-la yet_o the_o advocate_n in_o our_o practic_n do_v ordinary_o oblige_v his_o informer_n to_o find_v caution_n else_o he_o refuse_v he_o his_o concourse_n if_o the_o accuser_n be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v calumnious_a or_o as_o our_o law_n term_v it_o in_o the_o wrong_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o party_n a_o unlaw_n of_o ten_o pound_n ja._n 3._o parl._n 6._o act_n and_o if_o there_o be_v more_o deed_n than_o one_o he_o be_v liable_a in_o twenty_o pound_n and_o likewise_o to_o pay_v the_o defender_n expense_n act_n 78._o parl._n 6._o ja._n 6._o which_o act_v speak_v only_o of_o not_o prevail_v though_o there_o be_v no_o malice_n and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la litigandi_fw-la but_o if_o their_o pursuit_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v arbitrary_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o inflict_v what_o punishment_n they_o please_v either_o in_o that_o same_o sentence_n wherein_o the_o defender_n be_v absolve_v or_o upon_o a_o separate_a bill_n or_o pursuit_n as_o also_o he_o be_v by_o the_o justice_n constant_o ordain_v to_o pay_v what_o damnage_n and_o interest_n or_o expense_n the_o justice_n please_v both_o to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o assizer_n and_o albeit_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n fisci_fw-la non_fw-la praesumebatur_fw-la calumniosus_fw-la yet_o si_fw-fr procurator_n fiscalis_fw-la calumniose_fw-la instigat_fw-la judicem_fw-la ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la tenetur_fw-la in_o damna_fw-la actione_n injuriarum_fw-la &_o concremari_fw-la debet_fw-la l._n universi_fw-la c._n ubi_fw-la causa_fw-la fiscal_v etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n hodie_fw-la &_o judex_fw-la &_o procurator_n fisci_fw-la affectate_v consequentes_fw-la crimen_fw-la extraordinary_a sunt_fw-la punendi_fw-la q._n ix_o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o because_o many_o poor_a person_n be_v malicious_o or_o ignorant_o imprison_v that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o edinburgh_n shall_v imprison_v none_o but_o where_o one_o shall_v find_v caution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n to_o insist_v against_o they_o and_o to_o aliment_v they_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v appoint_v a_o procurator_n dwell_v within_o edinburgh_n to_o who_o the_o justice_n might_n intimate_fw-la when_o they_o desire_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v the_o 5._o of_o july_n 1661._o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o exp_v very_o speedy_o and_o for_o this_o end_n the_o bishop_n be_v appoint_v to_o visit_v the_o prison_n every_o friday_n and_o wednesday_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d celeriter_fw-la judicari_fw-la basil._n l._n 21._o the_o custod_a reor_fw-la title_n xx._n of_o advocat_n and_o procurator_n 1._o whether_o a_o procurator_n shall_v be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o his_o absence_n 2._o his_o majesty_n advocate_n may_v deput_n when_o he_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi he_o have_v also_o other_o privilege_n 3._o in_o what_o case_n procurator_n be_v admit_v in_o defence_n 4._o what_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v allow_v in_o criminal_n the_o doctor_n make_v a_o difference_n inter_fw-la simplicem_fw-la allegatorem_fw-la who_o can_v only_o propon_n what_o be_v nottour_n as_o that_o the_o party_n cite_v be_v know_v to_o be_v sick_a &_o procuratorem_fw-la who_o must_v have_v a_o mandat_fw-la and_o may_v propon_n declinator_n or_o dilator_n &_o defensorem_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la who_o not_o only_o can_v propon_n dilator_n but_o may_v likewise_o defend_v et_fw-la advocatus_fw-la semper_fw-la neputatur_fw-la defensor_fw-la and_o needs_o no_o mandat_fw-la but_o his_o gown_n be_v his_o warrant_n and_o yet_o in_o criminal_n he_o must_v have_v a_o procuratory_n i._o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n procurator_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o pursue_v nor_o defend_v l._n ult_n §_o ad_fw-la crimen_fw-la ff_n the_o publ_n jud_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o most_o nation_n a_o procurator_n be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v for_o paena_fw-la talionis_fw-la be_v now_o take_v away_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n the_o pursuer_n personal_a presence_n be_v requisite_a clar._n fin_n quest_n 14._o n._n 22._o the_o defender_n must_v still_o be_v present_a ne_fw-la judicium_fw-la reddatur_fw-la elusorium_fw-la with_o we_o procurator_n be_v admit_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o yet_o this_o appear_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n for_o if_o the_o defender_n shall_v desire_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v swear_v the_o libel_n the_o diet_n will_v desert_n if_o this_o be_v refuse_v by_o the_o procurator_n and_o though_o in_o civilibus_fw-la a_o day_n may_v be_v take_v to_o produce_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n we_o call_v swear_v the_o libel_n in_o criminal_n yet_o see_v all_o criminal_a diet_n be_v peremptor_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v his_o oath_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o he_o shall_v be_v present_a for_o else_o the_o defender_n be_v preclude_v from_o a_o very_a great_a advantage_n such_o as_o be_v the_o pursuer_n oath_n of_o calumny_n which_o if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi himself_z be_v present_a and_o refuse_v no_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v at_o his_o instance_n likea_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v present_v it_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v the_o witness_n good_a deed_n or_o that_o he_o know_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v alibi_fw-la by_o all_o which_o it_o will_v seem_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v still_o be_v present_a yet_o this_o be_v express_o repel_v 4._o august_n 1652._o where_o ballindalloch_n be_v pursue_v john_n grant_v but_o there_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o ballindalloch_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pursuer_n himself_o and_o the_o remanent_fw-la be_v his_o servant_n ii_o albeit_o the_o king_n advocate_n be_v pursuer_fw-mi in_o most_o case_n yet_o he_o use_v ordinary_o to_o constitute_v a_o deput_n who_o shall_v produce_v a_o write_a warrant_n under_o his_o own_o hand_n else_o can_v be_v admit_v and_o this_o deput_n can_v desert_v a_o diet_n though_o his_o procuratory_n do_v not_o instruct_v he_o with_o a_o particular_a power_n for_o that_o effect_n 29._o november_n 1638._o mr._n george_n norvel_v procurator_n for_o mr._n john_n rollo_n which_o be_v constant_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n use_v not_o to_o pursue_v a_o summons_n of_o treason_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n or_o a_o particular_a order_n from_o the_o council_n which_o he_o use_v to_o produce_v ante_fw-la omne_fw-la and_o be_v still_o mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o all_o adjournal_n book_n but_o particular_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ochiltree_n and_o balmerinoch_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n with_o we_o examine_v party_n and_o witness_n before_o the_o process_n be_v intent_a which_o he_o do_v upon_o pretext_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o know_v how_o to_o libel_v exact_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v not_o vex_v party_n if_o he_o find_v no_o ground_n for_o the_o pursuit_n but_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n have_v always_o think_v this_o procedur_n dangerous_a for_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n be_v still_o a_o party_n interest_v and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o deal_v with_o the_o witness_n for_o thereby_o he_o may_v strain_v from_o they_o what_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o depon_n and_o if_o in_o our_o last_o reformation_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o king_n advocate_n shall_v not_o make_v the_o roll_n of_o assizer_n because_o he_o be_v too_o much_o interest_v much_o
or_o otherwise_o the_o pain_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o there_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v by_o his_o petition_n determine_v the_o same_o but_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o judge_n l._n 1._o §_o quorum_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n turpil_n l._n ff_o de_fw-fr private_a delicti_fw-la l._n ordine_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la unicipalem_fw-la and_o in_o the_o form_n set_v down_o l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr accusatio_fw-la by_o paulus_n there_o be_v no_o conclusion_n express_v but_o yet_o with_o we_o there_o be_v always_o a_o conclusion_n in_o every_o libel_n though_o it_o be_v general_a and_o i_o perceive_v that_o most_o of_o the_o practitioner_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o at_o least_o a_o general_a conclusion_n shall_v be_v add_v iii_o whether_o a_o libel_n be_v libel_v qualificate_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v pass_v from_o the_o quality_n have_v be_v thus_o determine_v by_o lawyer_n that_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v to_o another_o different_a crime_n it_o can_v be_v pass_v from_o but_o if_o the_o quality_n amount_v only_o to_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi libel_n upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n and_o subsume_v that_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n under_o trust_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o person_n murder_v be_v father_n to_o the_o murderer_n if_o when_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v try_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi shall_v declare_v that_o he_o insist_o against_o he_o as_o a_o murderer_n simple_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o person_n kill_v be_v father_n i_o think_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o so_o reform_v or_o declare_v his_o libel_n for_o that_o make_v the_o crime_n to_o differ_v the_o one_o be_v murder_n the_o other_o treason_n and_o the_o defender_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o prepare_v he_o to_o defend_v against_o treason_n and_o find_v that_o he_o be_v secure_a as_o to_o the_o crime_n libel_v he_o need_v not_o prepare_v other_o defence_n or_o raise_v exculpation_n for_o that_o effect_n but_o these_o quality_n which_o amount_v only_o to_o aggravation_n may_v be_v pass_v from_o as_o be_v decide_v 11._o november_n 1672._o for_o aikmaâ—_n have_v pursue_v carnegy_n of_o newgate_n for_o oppression_n conform_v to_o the_o 25._o act_n 4._o parl._n k._n i_o 5._o because_o he_o have_v beat_v he_o who_o be_v a_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o office_n the_o justice_n have_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o magistrate_n because_o he_o have_v not_o take_v the_o declaration_n it_o be_v thereafter_o allege_v that_o the_o libel_n be_v only_o found_v upon_o the_o foresay_a statute_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v against_o oppression_n and_o not_o against_o beat_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v no_o more_o insist_v upon_o that_o libel_n which_o be_v repel_v for_o the_o justice_n find_v that_o the_o beat_v any_o man_n be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n insist_v against_o the_o defender_n for_o beat_v he_o since_o his_o be_v a_o magistrate_n be_v only_o a_o aggrage_a circumstance_n yet_o this_o seem_v a_o hard_a decision_n since_o the_o proposition_n of_o the_o libel_n do_v not_o bear_v that_o beat_v be_v punishable_a nor_o do_v the_o conclusion_n bear_v that_o at_o least_o the_o panel_n be_v punishable_a for_o beat_v a_o free_a liege_n &_o if_o this_o be_v universal_o allow_v alternative_a libel_n be_v unnecessary_a and_o this_o will_v occasion_v much_o looseness_n in_o criminal_a libel_n whereas_o lawyer_n treat_v of_o criminal_a libel_n have_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o in_o criminalibus_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la vagare_fw-la and_o the_o crime_n of_o oppression_n and_o beat_v be_v different_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o private_a person_n differ_v from_o a_o magistrate_n so_o that_o this_o quality_n make_v the_o person_n the_o crime_n and_o the_o medium_n concludendi_fw-la to_o differ_v iv._o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o our_o custom_n in_o these_o case_n i_o have_v set_v down_o the_o form_n both_o of_o the_o criminal_a letter_n and_o criminal_a indictment_n now_o in_o use_n with_o we_o a_o criminal_a summons_n charles_n etc._n etc._n humble_o mean_v and_o complain_v to_o we_o by_o our_o lovit_n a._n the_o relict_n b._n sister_n daughter_n and_o near_a kinswoman_n c._n as_o mr._n with_o the_o remanent_fw-la kin_n of_o umquhile_n main_n servant_n to_o the_o say_v c._n and_o our_o right_a trusty_a and_o well_o belove_a councillor_n our_o advocate_n for_o our_o interest_n in_o the_o matter_n underwrite_v upon_o listoun_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n offence_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o say_a umquhile_n man_n have_v conceive_v a_o deadly_a hatred_n and_o evil_a will_n against_o he_o with_o a_o settle_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n to_o bereave_v he_o of_o his_o life_n one_o way_n or_o another_o late_o upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o 〈…〉_z where_o the_o say_a main_n be_v in_o quiet_a and_o sober_a manner_n for_o the_o time_n expect_v no_o harm_n injury_n nor_o pursuit_n of_o any_o person_n but_o to_o have_v live_v under_o god_n peace_n and_o we_o and_o the_o say_v listoun_n being_n bodden_fw-mi with_o a_o great_a batton_n or_o ring_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o with_o knife_n and_o other_o invasive_a weapon_n first_o upbraid_v the_o say_a main_n with_o word_n allege_v that_o he_o be_v a_o common_a thief_n and_o have_v steal_v etc._n etc._n and_o thereafter_o because_o the_o say_a main_n have_v purge_v himself_o of_o that_o calumny_n and_o say_v he_o be_v as_o honest_a a_o man_n as_o himself_o he_o thereupon_o run_v and_o rush_v the_o say_a main_n be_v a_o age_a man_n of_o 74._o year_n of_o age_n to_o the_o ground_n under_o his_o foot_n strike_v he_o in_o the_o head_n craig_n shoulder_n and_o side_n with_o the_o say_v batton_n lap_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o belly_n with_o his_o foot_n and_o knee_n beat_v he_o upon_o the_o heart_n and_o thereby_o break_v and_o bruise_v his_o whole_a entrails_n and_o noble_a part_n thereafter_o hease_v and_o draw_v he_o by_o the_o heel_n off_o the_o said_n land_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o a_o low_a vault_n in_o etc._n etc._n and_o imprison_v he_o therein_o tanquam_fw-la in_o privato_fw-la carcere_fw-la he_o be_v in_o the_o dead_a thraw_n likeas_n within_o three_o hour_n after_o his_o imprison_n in_o the_o say_a vault_n the_o poor_a age_a man_n die_v of_o the_o say_n stroke_n and_o hurt_n likea_n to_o suppress_v the_o murder_n the_o say_a listoun_n with_o his_o complice_n bury_v he_o in_o a_o obscure_a place_n in_o the_o night_n time_n and_o swa_o the_o say_a main_n be_v shameful_o and_o cruel_o murder_v and_o slay_v and_o secret_o bury_v by_o the_o say_v listoun_n and_o his_o complice_n and_o he_o be_v art_n and_o part_n thereof_o commit_v upon_o set_a 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by_o open_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewatry_n or_o regality_n where_o he_o dwell_v to_o come_v and_o find_v the_o say_a soverty_n act_v in_o manner_n foresay_a with_o in_o six_o day_n next_o after_o he_o bee_n charge_v be_v you_o thereto_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o put_v of_o he_o to_o the_o horn_n the_o whilk_fw-mi six_o day_n be_v by_o past_a and_o the_o surety_n not_o be_v find_v that_o you_o immediate_o thereafter_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n and_o put_v he_o to_o our_o horn_n and_o escheat_n and_o in_o bring_v all_o his_o movable_a good_n to_o our_o use_n for_o his_o contemption_n and_o cause_n registrat_n their_o our_o letter_n with_o the_o execution_n thereof_o in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n within_o fifteen_o day_n thereafter_o conform_v to_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o receâ—ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n mâ—ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à _fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o
post_fw-la condemnationem_fw-la judices_fw-la functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la yet_o all_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o after_o sentence_n criminal_o may_v be_v torture_v for_o know_v who_o be_v the_o complice_n iv._o one_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o minor_n be_v that_o they_o can_v be_v subject_v to_o torture_n lest_o the_o tenderness_n both_o of_o their_o age_n and_o judgement_n make_v they_o fail_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d eclog._n the_o quest_n cap._n 9_o ad_fw-la yet_o l._n 15._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n judge_n be_v discharge_v only_o to_o torture_v such_o as_o be_v under_o fourteen_o person_n very_o old_a be_v not_o to_o be_v torture_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n l._n 3._o ff_n ad_fw-la s._n c._n sillan_n which_o be_v by_o some_o extend_v to_o woman_n sick_a person_n and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v eminent_a in_o any_o nation_n for_o learning_n or_o other_o art_n but_o all_o this_o be_v arbitrary_a with_o we_o v._o these_o who_o torture_n if_o the_o person_n torture_v die_v be_v punishable_a as_o murderer_n but_o though_o they_o die_v not_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n they_o be_v punish_v deportatione_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la or_o by_o banishment_n and_o with_o we_o they_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n title_n xxviii_o of_o remission_n 1._o whether_o he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n acknowledge_v the_o crime_n 2._o how_o remission_n be_v grant_v 3._o for_o what_o shall_v no_o remission_n be_v grant_v 4._o letter_n of_o slame_n and_o assithment_n when_o necessary_a 5._o person_n condemn_v be_v sometime_o restore_v by_o way_n of_o justice_n when_o the_o judge_n have_v pronounce_v his_o sentence_n he_o be_v functus_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o the_o punishment_n irrogat_fw-la by_o he_o can_v only_o be_v remit_v by_o the_o prince_n though_o the_o council_n may_v moderate_a or_o delay_v it_o the_o party_n condemn_v be_v restore_v either_o by_o way_n of_o grace_n or_o of_o justice_n restitution_n per_fw-la modum_fw-la gratiae_fw-la be_v with_o we_o call_v a_o remission_n i._o remission_n than_o be_v the_o pardon_n of_o the_o crime_n gracious_o allow_v by_o the_o sovereign_n and_o it_o may_v be_v give_v either_o before_o or_o after_o the_o panel_n be_v convict_v if_o it_o be_v give_v before_o conviction_n the_o panel_n by_o make_v use_n of_o it_o do_v per_fw-la fictionem_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n and_o it_o he_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o the_o remission_n be_v null_a and_o will_v not_o stop_v the_o execution_n as_o be_v find_v in_o alexander_n kennedy_n case_n and_o this_o be_v a_o receive_a maxim_n with_o we_o yet_o ex_fw-la sententia_fw-la doctorum_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la fateri_fw-la crimen_fw-la qui_fw-la gratia_fw-la utitur_fw-la alexander_n consil_n 70._o bossius_n de_fw-fr reme_v ex_fw-la clem_v num_fw-la 29._o nec_fw-la potest_fw-la judex_fw-la dicere_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la vult_fw-la ea_fw-la uti_fw-la oportet_fw-la fatearis_fw-la delictum_fw-la alius_fw-la non_fw-la uteris_fw-la yet_o bossius_n tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o milan_n he_o who_o use_v a_o remission_n must_v acknowledge_v the_o crime_n ibid._n but_o our_o law_n in_o its_o foresay_a maxim_n may_v be_v reconcile_v with_o these_o doctor_n for_o even_o with_o we_o the_o take_v a_o remission_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o crime_n since_o that_o may_v be_v do_v sometime_o rather_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o security_n than_o guilt_n &_o licet_fw-la se_fw-la redimere_fw-la à _fw-la light_fw-la and_o therefore_o braid_n escheat_n as_o a_o adulterer_n be_v not_o declare_v january_n 1662._o by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n there_o be_v no_o probation_n of_o the_o adultery_n but_o the_o adulterer_n take_v a_o remission_n but_o the_o use_v a_o remission_n do_v certain_o prove_v as_o be_v former_o observe_v from_o these_o statute_n this_o remission_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o signatur_fw-la under_o his_o majesty_n hand_n and_o be_v present_v in_o exchequer_n which_o be_v equivalent_a with_o we_o to_o that_o iterinatio_fw-la mention_v by_o perez_n ad_fw-la tit_n de_fw-mi send_v passis_fw-la num_fw-la 16._o clarus_n â—_o fin_fw-fr quest_n 59_o num._n 10._o quae_fw-la est_fw-la approbatio_fw-la senatus_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la cognition_n versatur_fw-la ne_fw-la impetrentur_fw-la gratiae_fw-la per_fw-la obreptionem_fw-la vel_fw-la subreptionem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o remission_n be_v grant_v upon_o a_o misrepresentation_n the_o council_n will_v upon_o a_o bill_n stop_v the_o same_o till_o his_o majestis_n further_a pleasure_n be_v know_v as_o they_o do_v in_o murray_n of_o burghtoun_n case_n and_o though_o by_o the_o 13._o act._n 10._o par._n i._n 6._o the_o writer_n of_o such_o signatory_n shall_v subscribe_v his_o name_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o signator_n to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v be_v answerable_a if_o it_o contain_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v unallowable_a yet_o the_o say_a remission_n grant_v to_o burghâ—oun_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v so_o subscribe_v when_o it_o past_o his_o majesty_n hand_n yet_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v in_o desuetud_n but_o rather_o because_o the_o writer_n do_v thereafter_o subscribe_v jan._n 1666._o and_o these_o remission_n be_v ordain_v to_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o design_n that_o the_o seal_n shall_v be_v a_o check_n upon_o they_o but_o if_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o can_v be_v recall_v tanquam_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 36._o for_o say_v he_o they_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v present_v in_o senatu_fw-la ne_fw-la sint_fw-la surreptitia_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o four_o i._n 4._o par._n 6._o c._n 62._o that_o the_o remission_n shall_v contain_v the_o great_a crime_n for_o which_o the_o remission_n be_v crave_v and_o if_o the_o great_a crime_n be_v not_o express_v the_o general_a clause_n remit_v all_o crime_n will_v not_o defend_v against_o a_o pursuit_n for_o any_o crime_n that_o be_v great_a than_o the_o crime_n specify_v in_o the_o remission_n suitable_a to_o which_o lawyer_n assert_v that_o qui_fw-la petit_fw-la gratiam_fw-la debet_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la delictum_fw-la exprimere_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o qualitates_fw-la ejus_fw-la aliter_fw-la uti_fw-la subreptitia_fw-la nihil_fw-la valet_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la exprimere_fw-la omne_fw-la delicta_fw-la separaâ—a_fw-la boss._n ibid._n num_fw-la 33._o iii_o remission_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v for_o slaughter_n commit_v premeditat_o or_o by_o fore-thought-fellony_n stat._n dau._n 2._o cap._n 50._o where_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o homicide_n till_o inquisition_n be_v first_o make_v whether_o the_o slaughter_n be_v commit_v by_o fore-thought-fellony_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o commit_v the_o remission_n shall_v be_v null_a &_o hoc_fw-la concessit_fw-la rex_fw-la as_o the_o text_n say_v this_o be_v confirm_v by_o k._n ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o c._n 63._o which_o act_n be_v declare_v to_o endure_v till_o his_o majesty_n recall_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v repute_v a_o temporary_a act_n and_o notwithstanding_o thereof_o remission_n be_v ordinary_o pass_v for_o murder_n as_o in_o the_o earl_n of_o caithness_n remission_n 1668._o against_o which_o this_o be_v object_v but_o repel_v yet_o in_o flanders_n and_o other_o place_n this_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n no_o remission_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o burn_v of_o corn_n in_o stack_n or_o barn_n act._n 18._o p._n 7._o i._o 5._o which_o act_n be_v not_o temporary_a and_o yet_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a remission_n all_o remission_n shall_v be_v compon_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o thesaurer_n regâ—strat_n in_o his_o book_n i._n 6._o p._n 13._o c._n 169._o albeâ—t_v his_o majesty_n may_v remit_v what_o injury_n be_v comit_v against_o he_o yet_o he_o can_v prejudge_v thereby_o the_o interest_n of_o three_o party_n this_o satisfaction_n be_v by_o the_o civilian_n call_v reparatio_fw-la damnorum_fw-la by_o we_o a_o assithment_n and_o the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o remission_n must_v find_v caution_n to_o refound_v the_o party_n injure_v of_o all_o his_o damnage_n and_o interest_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o produce_v his_o remission_n else_o his_o remission_n be_v null_a act_n 75._o p._n 14._o i._o 2._o act._n 136._o p._n 8._o i._o 6._o &_o act._n 154._o p._n 12._o i._o 6._o but_o these_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a but_o by_o the_o act_n 174._o p._n 13._o i._o 6._o remission_n grant_v to_o any_o person_n pass_v to_o the_o horn_n for_o theft_n rief_n slaughter_n burn_v or_o heirship_n be_v declare_v null_n if_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v not_o first_o satisfy_v and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v by_o this_o act_n that_o assithment_n subsequent_a to_o the_o remission_n be_v not_o sufficient_a yet_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act_n be_v that_o the_o remission_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o avail_n till_o the_o party_n laese_v be_v satisfy_v notwithstanding_o of_o these_o act_n it_o be_v de_fw-fr practica_fw-la very_o
judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a it_o be_v think_v of_o old_a that_o assizer_n behove_v present_o to_o determine_v after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o dismiss_v they_o until_o they_o do_v enter_v and_o return_v their_o verdict_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o opinion_n be_v because_o after_o the_o probation_n be_v lead_v there_o may_v be_v hazard_n of_o suborn_v the_o assizer_n if_o the_o matter_n be_v continue_v to_o a_o new_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v likewise_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi find_v that_o the_o witness_n which_o he_o have_v lead_v do_v not_o prove_v he_o may_v be_v tempt_v to_o suborn_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o opinion_n strong_o found_v but_o yet_o in_o anno_fw-la 1665._o etc._n etc._n a_o baxter_n be_v pursue_v for_o sedition_n the_o justice_n do_v at_o my_o lord_n advocat_n earnest_a solicitation_n dissolve_v the_o court_n after_o probation_n be_v lead_v and_o continue_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o new_a diet_n but_o the_o accusation_n be_v never_o further_o prosecute_v and_o that_o procedure_v be_v think_v mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la yet_o thereafter_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n continue_v a_o assize_n who_o sit_v upon_o macknab_n for_o theft_n for_o not_o be_v clear_a to_o condemn_v upon_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n they_o propose_v the_o case_n after_o they_o be_v enclose_v whereupon_o the_o justice_n continue_v the_o diet_n till_o the_o next_o day_n and_o have_v consult_v the_o council_n they_o thereafter_o find_v the_o confession_n sufficient_a and_o enclose_v the_o assize_n notwithstanding_o of_o this_o objection_n november_n 1669._o xii_o when_o the_o advocate_n close_v his_o discourse_n for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi he_o protest_v for_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n against_o the_o inquest_n if_o they_o assoilzie_a which_o protestation_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi or_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n can_v pursue_v the_o inquest_n for_o error_n if_o this_o protestation_n be_v not_o use_v even_o as_o a_o qualify_a oath_n be_v not_o allow_v except_o it_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n and_o laird_n of_o milntoun_n if_o a_o reprobator_n can_v be_v raise_v where_o the_o party_n laese_v protest_v not_o for_o it_o see_v protestation_n be_v such_o solemn_a act_n as_o the_o law_n require_v in_o such_o case_n and_o they_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o superfluous_a if_o what_o be_v protest_v for_o can_v be_v allow_v without_o be_v protest_v for_o and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o such_o protestation_n be_v competent_a do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la pass_v from_o his_o right_n and_o seem_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v if_o he_o use_v they_o not_o vid._n durand_n specul_fw-la do_fw-mi reprobat_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la but_o this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v yet_o the_o lord_n incline_v to_o allow_v a_o reprobature_n if_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o though_o no_o protestation_n be_v use_v and_o i_o believe_v that_o action_n of_o error_n may_v be_v raise_v though_o it_o be_v not_o protest_v for_o if_o the_o verdict_n be_v quarrellable_n though_o a_o protestation_n be_v both_o more_o secure_a and_o formal_a and_o real_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v use_v see_v the_o inquest_n be_v by_o that_o solemn_a denunciation_n and_o intimation_n warn_v of_o their_o hazard_n and_o their_o error_n because_o it_o become_v thereby_o more_o wilful_a than_o otherways_o it_o will_v be_v a_o summons_n of_o error_n be_v always_o raise_v in_o latin_a and_o upon_o parchment_n and_o be_v direct_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n wilful_a error_n be_v that_o crime_n which_o assizer_n commit_v in_o pronounce_v a_o unjust_a verdict_n and_o by_o our_o law_n a_o assize_n condemn_v can_v be_v pursue_v tanquam_fw-la temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la supra_fw-la asisa_fw-la as_o be_v common_o believe_v by_o the_o 63._o act_n 8._o par._n ja._n 3._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o opinion_n may_v be_v three_o 1._o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o indifferent_a person_n will_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a out_o of_o feid_v or_o favour_n though_o there_o be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a that_o they_o may_v be_v induce_v out_o of_o either_o pity_n or_o clemency_n to_o assoilzie_a from_o a_o crime_n full_o prove_v 2._o no_o person_n will_v be_v find_v to_o go_v upon_o a_o assize_n if_o they_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o condemn_v 3._o the_o penalty_n of_o such_o as_o temere_fw-la jurarunt_fw-la super_fw-la asisam_fw-la be_v only_a confiscation_n of_o the_o movable_a good_n cap._n 14._o lib._n regiam_fw-la maje_fw-fr whereas_o death_n will_v be_v ofttimes_o the_o punishment_n if_o such_o as_o condemn_a may_v be_v punish_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o assizer_n do_v condemn_v a_o innocent_a without_o any_o probation_n or_o by_o palpable_a iniquity_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o may_v be_v punish_v and_o my_o reason_n for_o this_o opinion_n be_v 1._o that_o else_o the_o people_n will_v be_v state_v in_o a_o very_a unfortunat_a condition_n if_o not_o only_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o two_o man_n but_o likewise_o to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o a_o assize_n who_o may_v condemn_v without_o any_o clear_a probation_n 2._o assizer_n be_v judge_n and_o witness_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o error_n for_o which_o these_o be_v accountable_a but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o judge_n condemn_v unjust_o or_o if_o a_o person_n be_v condemn_v upon_o the_o deposition_n of_o any_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o that_o judge_n or_o witness_v so_o depon_v be_v liable_a to_o a_o capital_a punishment_n why_o then_o shall_v a_o assizer_n be_v exempt_v see_v there_o be_v no_o express_a law_n upon_o which_o he_o can_v found_v that_o exemption_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o contrary_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v contend_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v not_o conclude_v see_v else_o it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n be_v conclude_v that_o no_o judge_n or_o witness_v can_v be_v pursue_v when_o they_o condemn_v unjust_o see_v omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la bone_fw-la at_o least_o perjury_n shall_v never_o be_v punish_v in_o a_o witness_n nor_o injustice_n in_o a_o judge_n decide_v unjust_o and_o by_o that_o unjust_a decision_n murder_v the_o person_n pannel_v before_o they_o because_o forsooth_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o a_o witness_n or_o judge_n will_v murder_v a_o innocent_a by_o their_o sentence_n or_o deposition_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o all_o man_n may_v be_v force_v to_o pass_v upon_o assize_n upon_o their_o peril_n and_o thus_o assizer_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v hazard_v also_o in_o assoilze_v and_o witness_n be_v force_v though_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o perjury_n if_o they_o depon_n false_o to_o the_o three_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o there_o need_v no_o law_n to_o punish_v assiâ—ers_n condemn_v unjust_o see_v they_o be_v punishable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o particular_a statute_n to_o punish_v such_o as_o assoilzy_v unjust_o both_o because_o the_o common_a law_n be_v not_o so_o express_v as_o to_o this_o and_o because_o man_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a hazard_n in_o it_o this_o error_n in_o assizer_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o great_a assize_n of_o twenty_o five_o noble_a person_n act_n 63._o parl._n 8._o ja._n 3._o but_o the_o person_n assoilzy_v be_v to_o be_v free_a ibid._n and_o by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la of_o the_o session_n anno_fw-la 1591._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o land_a gentleman_n shall_v be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o pass_v upon_o a_o assize_n of_o error_n though_o they_o be_v of_o quality_n and_o estate_n inferior_a to_o the_o panel_n and_o wilful_a error_n be_v only_o punishable_a in_o this_o case_n quaelibet_fw-la probabilis_fw-la causa_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la excusat_fw-la spot_n do_fw-mi retour_n ker_n against_o hartwood-mire_n and_o by_o the_o 47._o act_n par._n 6._o ja._n 3._o it_o appear_v that_o no_o probation_n can_v be_v adduce_v to_o infer_v this_o action_n of_o error_n but_o what_o be_v at_o first_o produce_v the_o time_n of_o their_o verdict_n whereas_o any_o probation_n may_v be_v adduce_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o verdict_n quarrel_v tantus_fw-la est_fw-la favour_n innocentiae_fw-la the_o punishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o a_o asssize_n of_o error_n be_v the_o escheat_v of_o the_o movable_n and_o a_o year_n imprisonment_n cap._n 14._o l._n 1._o reg._n maj._n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v statute_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n shall_v be_v