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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58175	Observations topographical, moral, & physiological made in a journey through part of the low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France with a catalogue of plants not native of England, found spontaneously growing in those parts, and their virtues / by John Ray ... ; whereunto is added a brief account of Francis Willughby, Esq., his voyage through a great part of Spain.	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Catalogus stirpium in exteris regionibus.	1673 (1673)	Wing R399; ESTC R5715	378,219	735

pillars almost buried in the earth on the architrave whereof are these letters ESTITUER standing on the left hand the clivus as you go up from Severus his arch to the Capitol are supposed to have been part 15. Templum Fauni now S. Stefano rotundo a large round fabric having two circles of pillars con●●●ical the outermost of lesser pillars the innermost of larger in the outermost are 44 pillars in the inner the just half of that number Besides the pillars of the inner circle stand exactly at the same distance one from another as do those of the outer 16. Templum Herculis Callaici now Galluzzo It stands in the vineyards near S. Bibiana a very tall building of brick not exactly round but decagonal The roof of it is a vault or cupola not so great as that of the Rotonda and yet not much less It had two doors diametrically opposite and in the other sides were 8 niches for statues 17. Templum Bacchi extra portam Piam one mile without the City walls now the Church of S. Costanza This also is a round structure The walls are of brick and of a great thickness within it hath a lesser round or concentrical circle of 12 large pillars There stands an ancient monument of Porphyry of the fashion of a huge chest or trough having a stone to cover it This is curiously engraven with several figures of branches of trees boys treading of grapes of birds c. They call it the monument of Bacchus In several places of the roof are to be seen very fresh the pictures of bunches of grapes and several things belonging to the vintage The freshness of the colours and rudeness of the figures makes me doubt whether this was ancient Roman painting or no. 18. Templum Solis Of this there was lately a piece standing in the Garden of the Columnae upon monte cavallo called Frontispicium Neronis and Torredi Nerone by the vulgar It is now quite thrown down only there remain in the Garden vast marble stones the greatest that ever I saw and some of them curiously carved which came from the top of this building 19. Templum Romuli Remi sub monte Palatino now dedicated to S. Theodore This is a round brick building into which you descend by many steps as into the Rotonda Secondly For Amphitheaters and Theaters there are yet remaining great ruines of the Amphitheater of Titus now called the Coliseo round without and of an oval figure within capable of 85000 men to sit and see There are also some footsteps of the Amphitheater of Statilius Taurus near to the Church of S. Croce in Gierusalemme and lastly a good part of the walls of the Theatre of Marcellus upon which the Savelli's Palace is built Thirdly Of Circi there is 1. a good part of that of Antoninus Caracalla a mile out of the City 2. Of the Circus maximus there is little remaining only the fashion of it may be plainly discerned 3. The Circus Agonalis stood where now is the Piazza Navova 4. Of the Circus of Nero in Campo Vaticano nothing remains now to be seen as neither of 5. the Circus Flaminius Fourthly For Baths there are great ruines of those of 1. Diocletian wherein there were seats for 3200 persons to bathe themselves without seeing or hindering one another in the building of which he is said to have employed 40000 Christians for 15 years together 2. Antoninus Caracalla in which were 1600 seats or closets of polished marble These were those Thermae in modum Provinciarum extructae Besides there are some ruines remaining of 3. The Thermae of Titus 4. Of Agrippa near the Rotonda called Ciambella 5. Of Constantine near S. Sylvesters 6. Of Nero near the Church of S. Eustachius 7. Of Paulus Aemilius at the foot of Monte cavallo called Magnanapoli Many others there were anciently of which now scarce any foot-steps to be seen Fifthly Of Aquaeducts the Author of Roma antica moderna mentions 4 of which something remains viz. that of 1. the Aqua Martia brought 37 miles 2. the Aqua Claudia brought 35. Upon the gates called Porta di S. Lorenzo and Porta maggiore there are ancient inscriptions signifying what Emperours reparied and built these Aquaeducts 3. The Appia brought 8 miles 4. The Aqua Virginis brought also 8 miles which was repaired by Pope Nicholas V and is yet made use of being called Fonte di Trivio Of new Aquaeducts there are two very stately ones built by late Popes of which the two following inscriptions will give the Reader an account I. Sixtus V. Pont. max. Picenus Aquam ex agro Columnae Viâ Praenest sinistrorsum Multarum collectione venarum Ductu sinuoso à receptaculo Mill. XX. à Capite XXII Adduxit Foelicémque de nomine Ant. Pont. dixit Coepit anno Ì. absolvit III. MDLXXXVII II. Paulus V Pontifex maximus aquàm in agro Braccianensi saluberrimis è fontibus collectam veteribus aquoe Alseatinae ductibus restitutis novisque additis XXXV ab Vrbe milliario duxit Anno Domini MDCXII Pontificatus sui septimo Sixthly Obelisks we took notice of nine 1. That in the Piazza within the Porta del Popolo It stood anciently in the Circus maximus but being fallen down and broken in several pieces was by the appointment and at the charge of Sixtus V taken out thence and the several pieces being handsomely set together again erected heer upon a fair pedestal on each side of which it hath an inscription two ancient ones on the opposite sides in the same words viz. Imp. Caesar Divi F. Augustus Pontifex maximus Imp. XII Cos XI Trib. Pot. XIV Aegypto in potestatem Populi Romani redact Soli donum dedit two modern ones on the other two sides on one this Sixtus V Pont. max. Obeliseum hunc A Caesare Aug. Soli In Circo max. ritu Dicatum impio Miserandâ ruinâ Fractum obrutúmque Erui transferri Formae suae reddi Crucique invictiss Dedicari jussit A. MDLXXXIX Pont. IV. On the other this Ante Sacram Illius aedem Augustior Laetiórque surgo Cujus ex utero Virginali Aug. imperante Sol Justitiae Exortus est It is engraven on each side with 3 rows of Hieroglyphics 2. That in the Piazza before Saint Peter's Church the only one that still remains intire and unbroken It was taken out of the Circus of Caligula and Nero and set up by Dominicus Fontana by the other and at the charge of Pope Sixtus V as were also those of S. Maria maggiore and S. Job Lateran This obelisk hath no Hieroglyphics upon it is 72 foot high besides the pedestal in all 108 said to weigh according to Lassels 956148 pounds Of the manner of taking up and rearing this stone and the engines employed about it there is a particular book written The 4 modern Inscriptions on the 4 faces of the pedestal and the ancient one on the obelisk it self may be seen in Roma antica moderna 3. That of

revoluti effigie cujus caput imperfectius in circumferentia prominuit extremâ cauda centrum occupante Of these Serpent-Stones we saw several sorts here and some of that extraordinary bigness that as I remember they were about a Foot in Diameter 5. Farnham in Surrey mentioned by Dr. Merret in his Pinax 6. Richmond in York-shire mentioned by Camden Beside which places my self and Friends have seen and gathered of them at Lyme in Dorsetshire Adderbury in Oxfordshire which doubtless thence had its name about five miles distant from Banbury Bricksworth in Northamptonshire and in several places near Daventry Verulam in Hartfordshire Shukborough in Warwickshire And which is most strange Mr. Eyre of Highlooe in the Peak of Derbyshire shew'd us a great lump of them amassed together by a Cement as hard as Marble found in that mountainous Countrey And Mr. Martin Lister assures us that there are store of them found in Craven the most mountainous and craggy part of York-shire and in a Discourse of his concerning them published in the Philosophical Transactions Numb 76. pag. 2283. he mentions for them Adderton in York-shire thence denominated Wansford Bridge in Northamptonshire and Gunthrop and Beauvoir Castle in Lincoln and Nottingham-shires Besides these petrified Shells there are found in several places of England other congenerous Bodies viz. Star stones by some called Astroites by Boetius de Boot Asterias vera seu Lapis stellaris by Gesner Sphragis Asteros by Fer. Imperat. Stella Judaica 2. S. Cuthhert's Beads or Trochites and 3. Cap-Stones or Echinites called by Naturalists Lapides brontioe Of the Glossopetrae I have not yet heard that there have been any found in England which I do not a little wonder at there being Sharks frequently taken upon our Coasts 1. Of those they call Star-Stones because they run out into five Angles like so many Rays as they use to picture Stars with there are found at Shukborough in Warwick-shire and Cassington near Glocester where we also have gathered of them Camden mentions a third place that is Beauvoir-Castle in Lincolnshire sub quo saith he inveniuntur Astroites lapides qui stellas invicem connexas repraesentant in quibus radii eminent singulis angulis quini singulis radiis cavitas media subsidet We have had them also sent us out of York-shire but remember not where they were gathered II. Those they call S. Cuthhert's Beads are found on the Western shore of the s Holy Island This last Summer 1671. Tho. Willisell discovered them in the Chinks of the Stones in the bottom of the Chanel of the River Tees which parts York-shire and the Bishoprick of Duresine These are round and not angular like the Star-Stones Both if they be owing to the Sea seem to be the Spinoe dorsales or Tail-Bones of Fishes petrified they consisting for the most part of several Plates or Pieces sticking together like so many vertebrae though I confess the particular Pieces are shorter or thinner than the Vertebres of any Fish I have as yet observed III. The Echinites or Brontiae are found scattered all over England of several magnitudes and shapes I have not heard of any Bed of them or great number found in one place Beyond the Seas we have besides the place which gave occasion to this Discourse found of them at Brescia in Lombardy on the sides of a Hill adjoining to the City upon the Banks of the River Tanaro in Piedmont four miles below Aste but most plentifully in the Island of Malta where we also saw great store of Glossopetrae or Sharks Teeth petrified of all sorts and sizes For the Glossopetroe Boetius de Boot lib. 2. cap. 168. saith they are found in the Sands near Daventer in Overyssel and in the Alum-Mines near Lunenburgh in Germany Goropius Becanus in Orig. Antverp l. 3. saith that they are often digged up in the Ditches about Antwerp and found in so great plenty in a Hill near Aken in Germany that he thinks it a good Argument to prove that they could not be the Teeth of Sharks In colle illo qui Aquisgrano imminet tantum id genus piscium fuisse qúis crederet quantum de Glossopetrarum copia conjectari deberet For petrified Cochles and other Sea-Shells Geo. Agricola saith there are found of them in the Stone-Quarries of Galgeberg and those beyond Mount Maurice in the Territory of Hildesheim in Saxony and sometimes in the new part of the City itself in digging of Cellars and in the Town-Ditch 2. At Alfeld in the same Saxony between the Watch-Tower and the Town as one goes to Embeck 3. At Hannover in the Lime or Chalk-stone Pits and near a Village called Lindaw 4. In Misnia in the Village Rabschyts near the Brook Trebitia 5. In a certain place of Prussia called the Rose Garden 6. In Hassi● near the Castle of Spangeberg 7. In Italy in a Mountain near Verona 8. In the Banks of the River Elsa prope oppidum ex Florentinis conditoribus nominatum Of these Shells amassed together into great Stones by a petrified Cement are found as Pausanias relates in the Quarries of Megara which kind of Stone is therefore called Conchites They are also found in Thessaly Hemionia Macedonia the Mountains of Calabria c. And Steno in his Prodromus saith that in those huge Stones which lie scattered in some places about the Town of Volterra being the remainders of antient Walls there are found all sorts of Shells and not long since in the middle of the Market-place there was cut out a Stone full of streaked Cochles Jo. Bauhine saith that in the Slate-stone digged out of the Fountain of Boll where with the Inhabitants covered their Houses there appeared several Figures whereof some represented Serpents some Snails some Scallops some Cochles some Muscles c. and that there were digged up many petrified Shells of Cochles Muscles Scallops Periwinkles Cornua Ammonis c. Scaliger Exercitat 196. Sect. 9. saith In saxis Lanarum tractus est hic Agri Vasateusis ad pagum qui Cohors dicitur saxeos can●ros multos vidimus procul à mari plurimum â Garumnâ 30 circiter millia passuum Bernardus Palissius names these places in France where petrified Shells are found The Suburb of S. Martial near Paris The Mountains of the Forest of Arden especially near Sedan The Province of Valois The Mountains near S●issons The Province of Xantogae and Champagne Joannes de Laet in his second Book de Gemmis cap. 29. relates how Bartholomew Morisot wrote to him from Dijon in Burgundy that in a Rock near that City at the distance from the Sea called le Fort aux Feos were found great numbers of Stones imitating Sea-shells his words are Vbique prostant lapides formâ rotundâ ac striatâ qui ipsam superinduisse videntur Conchyliorum marin orum materiem ues●io quo sale per infirmiora crescentium lapidum penetrante paulatimque ita crescente ut ambienti undique lapidi uniformem Conchyliorum formam faciat