to_o themselves_o a_o quitrent_a as_o it_o be_v in_o signum_fw-la dominii_fw-la that_o be_v they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o service_n and_o grant_v to_o the_o hospital_n the_o usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la or_o they_o grant_v the_o utile_fw-la dominium_fw-la to_o the_o hospital_n and_o reserve_v the_o directum_fw-la to_o themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o bracton_n and_o 26._o other_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o feodo_fw-la quoad_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o none_o in_o dominico_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o chief_a lord_n and_o of_o another_o in_o feodo_fw-la &_o dominico_fw-la &_o none_o in_o servitio_fw-la relate_v to_o the_o freeholder_n the_o former_a may_v here_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o feoffor_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o feoffee_n in_o this_o deed_n but_o this_o parergon_n and_o now_o to_o wind_v up_o all_o concern_v this_o first_o proposition_n and_o not_o to_o enlarge_v with_o any_o further_a instance_n wherein_o i_o may_v be_v infinite_a for_o assert_v this_o truth_n of_o our_o gavelkynd_n derivation_n gavelkynd_n we_o see_v be_v the_o land_n right_a name_n who_o etymology_n be_v never_o wrest_v to_o gife-eal-cyn_a who_o signification_n of_o censual_a rent_n land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n be_v never_o question_v till_o that_o within_o our_o father_n memory_n one_o and_o all_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o error_n jure_fw-la veluti_fw-la successionis_fw-la transmit_v to_o they_o run_v a_o head_n in_o a_o wrong_n and_o mistake_a derivation_n proposition_n ii_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o partition_n disallow_v then_o gavelkynd_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o it_o to_o be_v derivative_a from_o partition_n our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v if_o on_o the_o contrary_a partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n or_o to_o what_o other_o cause_n before_o i_o further_o enter_v into_o which_o research_n or_o offer_v any_o resolution_n to_o the_o quaere_fw-la give_v i_o leave_v to_o preface_n it_o with_o certain_a rule_n ground_n and_o principle_n in_o this_o case_n fit_a to_o be_v premise_v you_o be_v then_o desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o here_o in_o england_n we_o acknowledge_v no_o land_n no_o inheritance_n partible_a twofold_n or_o divisible_a but_o what_o be_v so_o either_o first_o by_o law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o female_n succeed_v for_o lack_v of_o male_n whether_o in_o knight-service_n land_n or_o socage_n which_o in_o this_o point_n differ_v not_o or_o what_o second_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o in_o our_o present_a case_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o such_o like_a no_o parcener_n of_o land_n i_o say_v in_o point_n of_o inheritance_n or_o succession_n but_o either_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n as_o term_v by_o littleton_n and_o our_o more_o modern_a book_n the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o what_o of_o elder_a time_n in_o bractons_n 418._o language_n be_v call_v 1_o ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la 2_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v i_o adjoyn_v what_o in_o this_o point_n of_o partition_n be_v deliver_v by_o those_o two_o ancient_a and_o famous_a sage_n of_o our_o law_n glanvill_n and_o bracton_n whereof_o the_o former_a 3._o speak_v thus_o cum_fw-la quis_fw-la ergo_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la habens_fw-la moriatur_fw-la si_fw-la unicum_fw-la filium_fw-la heredem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la verum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la filius_fw-la ille_fw-la patri_fw-la svo_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la si_fw-mi plures_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la filiâ—s_fw-la tunc_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la utrum_fw-la ille_fw-la fuerit_fw-la mile_n sive_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la tenens_fw-la aut_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la mile_n fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la filius_fw-la patri_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la partem_fw-la inde_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la petere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-mi verò_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n aequales_fw-la â—7_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la filio_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitâ—te_fw-la aâ—sneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciâ—t_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primo_fw-la genitus_fw-la secundum_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la item_n si_fw-la filiam_fw-la tantùm_fw-la unam_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la quis_fw-la heredem_fw-la tunc_fw-la id_fw-la obtinet_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la quod_fw-la â—e_n filio_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la plures_fw-la filias_fw-la tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsas_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la miles_n sive_fw-la sokemannus_n pater_fw-la earum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la primogenitae_fw-la filiae_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it sub_fw-la formâ_fw-la praescriptâ—_n etc._n etc._n thus_o glanvill_n harmonious_o follow_v and_o almost_o verbatim_o of_o 15._o bracton_n who_o word_n on_o this_o argument_n be_v these_o si_fw-mi libre_fw-la sockmannus_n moriatur_fw-la pluribus_fw-la relictis_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la &_o participibus_fw-la si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la â—it_n &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la haeredes_fw-la quotquot_fw-la erunt_fw-la habeant_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la aequales_fw-la &_o si_fw-la unicum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la messuagium_fw-la illud_fw-la integre_n remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la alii_fw-la habeant_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la hereditas_fw-la divisa_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la tunc_fw-la tota_fw-la remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sockagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la tunc_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la loci_fw-la erit_fw-la observanda_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la in_o quibusdam_fw-la partibus_fw-la quod_fw-la postnatus_fw-la praefertur_fw-la primogenito_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la etc._n etc._n hereunto_o let_v i_o subjoin_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n that_o common_a principle_n among_o we_o and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n viz._n that_o prescription_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n as_o it_o be_v not_o â—65_n needful_a so_o neither_o be_v it_o good_a the_o reason_n be_v whereof_o i_o pray_v take_v notice_n with_o i_o that_o as_o mr._n lambard_n have_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v general_a spread_v itself_o throughcut_a the_o whole_a shire_n into_o all_o land_n subject_a by_o ancient_a tenure_n unto_o the_o same_o such_o place_n only_o except_v where_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o 5._o edw._n 4._o 8._o and_o 14._o hen._n 4._o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n have_v thus_o premise_v i_o shall_v now_o make_v it_o my_o endeavour_n to_o shape_v such_o a_o resolution_n or_o answer_n to_o the_o propound_v quaere_fw-la as_o may_v consist_v with_o these_o principle_n and_o brief_o my_o answer_n here_o be_v negative_a viz._n that_o partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o bare_o to_o gavelkynd_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la by_o reason_n or_o force_v of_o that_o denomination_n or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la from_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_a first_o as_o for_o the_o name_n the_o term_n that_o that_o will_v in_o no_o wise_n bear_v it_o be_v i_o conceive_v a_o thing_n sufficient_o clear_v in_o our_o discourse_n upon_o the_o first_o proposition_n wherein_o the_o term_n be_v vindicate_v from_o that_o mistake_a construction_n by_o the_o error_n of_o latter_a time_n obtrude_v on_o it_o nor_o can_v such_o a_o derivation_n any_o way_n consist_v with_o the_o premise_a principle_n partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n from_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n of_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o none_o of_o the_o there_o assign_a cause_n of_o partition_n as_o inconsistent_a also_o with_o those_o cause_n and_o ground_n of_o partition_n that_o dichotomy_n or_o bipartite_a distinction_n of_o partible_a land_n into_o 1_o that_o by_o law_n and_o 2_o that_o by_o custom_n be_v the_o attribute_v that_o property_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o such_o three_o sort_n of_o partible_a land_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o book_n if_o it_o be_v reply_v yes_o sure_o for_o objection_n bracton_n be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la reâ—_n vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o place_n above_o quote_v that_o especial_o where_o he_o say_v as_o fol._n 374._o a._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkind_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la such_o indeed_o be_v his_o solution_n word_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n
history_n â—ol_n 38._o verstegan_n in_o his_o antiquity_n pag._n â—7_n archbishop_n parker_n in_o his_o antiquitates_fw-la britannicae_n pag._n 108._o and_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o glossary_n verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la though_o afterward_o in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 545._o he_o be_v find_v to_o cross_v himself_o herein_o by_o say_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n brother_n now_o it_o be_v true_a and_o not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o by_o these_o law_n of_o canutus_n inheritance_n be_v partible_a but_o how_o it_o may_v be_v equal_o like_o our_o gavelkynd_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v nor_o do_v the_o word_n enforce_v it_o it_o be_v order_v there_o indeed_o that_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v make_v in_o the_o one_o between_z or_o among_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o next_o of_o kin_n by_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o heir_n among_o themselves_o in_o both_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d emne_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n equal_o but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o former_a more_o explicit_o thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n according_a to_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n unicuique_fw-la secundùm_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la here_o be_v now_o no_o equal_a division_n speak_v of_o no_o equal_v the_o young_a with_o the_o elder_a brethren_n or_o the_o like_a but_o the_o estate_n be_v to_o be_v shift_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n according_a to_o right_n just_o or_o if_o you_o will_v after_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o latter_a law_n in_o brampton_n be_v the_o same_o verbatim_o with_o that_o in_o mr._n lambard_n a._n elsewhere_o rectè_fw-la every_o one_o to_o have_v his_o due_a haply_o after_o a_o geometrical_a not_o arithmetical_a proportion_n again_o not_o by_o equal_a proportion_n in_o point_n of_o good_n at_o least_o for_o each_o be_v to_o partake_v thereof_o as_o in_o the_o gavelkynd_n partition_n 49._o in_o ireland_n each_o one_o a_o part_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n degree_n or_o desert_n prorata_fw-la happy_o their_o reasonable_a part_n whence_o indeed_o some_o do_v fetch_v and_o ground_n a_o writ_n we_o have_v among_o we_o call_v rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la concern_v which_o there_o be_v a_o question_n in_o our_o book_n whether_o it_o lie_v by_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n only_o of_o some_o 18._o country_n and_o who_o footstep_n may_v be_v trace_v in_o venerable_a bede_n english_a saxon_n ecclesiastical_a history_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 13._o but_o of_o this_o matter_n more_o anon_o at_o the_o close_a or_o foot_n of_o this_o proposition_n or_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n juxta_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n in_o like_a case_n use_v to_o speak_v or_o pro_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la domini_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o former_a of_o those_o law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n judicio_fw-la svo_fw-la who_o place_n by_o provision_n of_o succeed_a time_n both_o here_o and_o in_o scotland_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o 30._o ordinary_a first_o joint_o with_o the_o decease_v friend_n afterward_o without_o they_o and_o alone_o as_o haply_o more_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n as_o more_o know_v so_o more_o careful_a to_o deal_v upright_o though_o it_o be_v utter_o unknown_a or_o uncertain_a when_o this_o trust_n begin_v by_o write_a law_n to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o ordinary_a if_o i_o may_v guess_v about_o what_o time_n that_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o like_a in_o 21._o normandy_n whereof_o in_o matth._n paris_n history_n anno_fw-la 1190._o pag._n 161._o edit_n ult_n or_o else_o to_o proceed_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o right_n i._n e._n custom_n or_o right_a as_o it_o be_v order_v and_o direct_v or_o temper_v by_o the_o usage_n of_o several_a place_n for_o utinam_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la provinvincia_fw-la abundat_fw-la svo_fw-la sensu_fw-la apposite_z and_o pertinent_a to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o observation_n of_o a_o late_a compendious_a 1._o historian_n of_o our_o own_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o confessor_n collection_n and_o compilement_n of_o as_o it_o be_v a_o codex_fw-la legum_n whither_o we_o may_v refer_v the_o original_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la a_o standard-law_n to_o be_v currant_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n before_o these_o collection_n say_v he_o of_o the_o confessor_n there_o be_v no_o universal_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o every_o several_a province_n hold_v their_o several_a custom_n all_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o humber_n to_o scotland_n use_v the_o danique_a law_n merchenland_n the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v their_o several_a constitution_n as_o be_v several_a dominion_n and_o though_o for_o some_o few_o year_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o reduction_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n into_o a_o monarchy_n yet_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o long_o together_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o succession_n of_o a_o break_a government_n as_o to_o settle_v one_o form_n of_o order_n currant_n over_o all_o but_o that_o every_o province_n according_a to_o their_o particular_a founder_n have_v their_o custom_n apart_o and_o hold_v nothing_o in_o common_a beside_o religion_n and_o the_o constitution_n thereof_o but_o with_o the_o universality_n of_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la order_v according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n and_o that_o jus_fw-la innatum_fw-la the_o common_a law_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o we_o see_v to_o be_v as_o universal_a as_o be_v the_o cohabitation_n and_o society_n of_o man_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n to_o hold_v they_o together_o in_o all_o country_n howsoever_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o their_o form_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v admit_v these_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o cnutes_n law_n to_o be_v national_a as_o by_o their_o preface_n that_o i_o mean_v of_o the_o second_o part_n contain_v his_o secular_a or_o politic_a constitution_n they_o be_v apparent_o no_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o i_o take_v it_o these_o law_n 68_o and_o 75._o conclude_v not_o for_o a_o national_a general_a or_o universal_a descent_n of_o inheritance_n by_o a_o equal_a or_o arithmetical_a division_n among_o all_o the_o child_n or_o heir_n nor_o indeed_o for_o more_o than_o this_o that_o a_o partition_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o in_o point_n of_o proportion_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o what_o pro_fw-la more_fw-it patriae_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o in_o point_n of_o good_n juxta_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la domini_fw-la be_v just_a and_o fit_a there_o be_v no_o precedent_n general_a law_n or_o canon_n here_o now_o extant_a at_o least_o to_o regulate_v or_o give_v direction_n in_o case_n but_o if_o not_o national_o for_o to_o give_v one_o instance_n instead_o of_o many_o thoroldus_fw-la in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o to_o croyland_n abbey_n record_v by_o a._n ingulphus_n make_v mention_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o kinsman_n earl_n algar_n the_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o leofric_n earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o his_o countess_n godiva_n thorolds_n sister_n in_o the_o year_n 1051._o yet_o i_o be_o content_v to_o admit_v and_o agree_v that_o provincial_o and_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n we_o have_v such_o a_o custom_n both_o before_o and_o at_o the_o conquest_n neither_o be_o i_o against_o their_o opinion_n who_o affirm_v the_o like_a course_n and_o custom_n currant_n in_o those_o time_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n as_o not_o be_v desirous_a to_o insist_v much_o upon_o this_o example_n in_o thoroldus_fw-la charter_n or_o any_o such_o like_a to_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o present_a though_o i_o doubt_v whether_o it_o can_v concludent_o be_v argue_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o authority_n they_o seem_v to_o go_v upon_o those_o law_n of_o canutus_n nevertheless_o be_v it_o so_o for_o though_o some_o will_v say_v the_o conqueror_n find_v it_o not_o here_o but_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o brother_n odo_n bring_v it_o hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n and_o by_o the_o pattern_n and_o practice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n plant_v it_o here_o how_o can_v this_o stand_v with_o spot_n story_n by_o the_o way_n yet_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n for_o have_v it_o be_v from_o thence_o transplant_v hither_o probable_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o kent_n a_o corner_n only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o have_v spread_v itself_o rather_o over_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o conqueror_n mean_v who_o inclination_n and_o endeavour_n to_o propagate_v and_o implant_v here_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v too_o eminent_a and_o notorious_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o it_o be_v nothing_o probable_a then_o what_o some_o have_v deem_v that_o we_o borrow_v
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
it_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o grant_v out_o or_o pass_v land_n in_o that_o kind_n carta_n alodii_fw-la ad_fw-la aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la be_v there_o reckon_v and_o rank_v inter_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regum_fw-la inter_fw-la anglos_n now_o as_o our_o bocland_n do_v not_o present_o expire_v with_o the_o saxon_n its_o first_o author_n upon_o their_o vanquish_a and_o supplant_n by_o the_o norman_n so_o neither_o do_v our_o folcland_n but_o survive_v and_o continue_v after_o the_o conquest_n folcland_n and_o remain_v unto_o this_o day_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a name_n yet_o in_o the_o thing_n and_o substance_n for_o as_o aforetime_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o ceorle_n gebures_n folcmen_n etc._n etc._n as_o afterward_o the_o norman_n their_o villani_n bordmanni_n cotarii_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o what_o the_o former_a hold_v be_v call_v folcland_n gafolland_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v oppose_v to_o bocland_n what_o the_o latter_a villeinage_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n socage_n oppose_v to_o chivalry_n knight-service_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n intend_v by_o that_o rusticana_fw-la servitus_fw-la occur_v rustâ—canâ—_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o walâ—heâ—â—nus_n maminoâ—_n grant_v the_o â—â—thery_a of_o bertrey_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rochester_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquid_fw-la de_fw-fr prâ—dicto_fw-la dominio_fw-la in_o rusticanam_fw-la servitutem_fw-la translatum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o mr._n selden'_v history_n of_o tithe_n cap._n 11._o pag._n 313_o as_o for_o the_o original_n of_o socage_n there_o 1._o be_v that_o refer_v we_o for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o to_o a_o notable_a passage_n in_o gâ—rvasius_n tilburiensis_n his_o book_n entitle_v dialogus_fw-la soâ—ccarii_fw-la who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o hen._n 2._o day_n which_o to_o bring_v the_o reader_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o our_o countrymen_n freehold_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n when_o as_o the_o english_a state_n be_v new_o mould_v i_o here_o offer_v to_o his_o view_n post_fw-la conquisitionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n after_o the_o conqueror_n conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o deserve_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o his_o noble_n survey_v his_o new_a country_n a_o diligent_a inquiry_n be_v make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o take_v part_n in_o the_o war_n agaist_fw-mi the_o king_n have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n to_o all_o these_o like_v as_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o have_v fall_v in_o the_o war_n all_o hope_n of_o any_o land_n ferm_n possession_n and_o revenue_n rent_n which_o former_o they_o enjoy_v be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o account_v it_o no_o small_a favour_n to_o escape_v with_o life_n under_o enemy_n but_o those_o who_o when_o summon_v come_v not_o to_o the_o war_n or_o be_v occupy_v in_o household_n or_o other_o necessary_a affair_n be_v absent_a when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o their_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n they_o have_v ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o their_o lord_n without_o hope_n of_o succession_n their_o child_n only_o and_o that_o but_o at_o the_o lord_n will_v begin_v to_o possess_v afterward_o when_o become_v odious_a to_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v every_o where_o expel_v their_o possession_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o will_v restore_v what_o be_v take_v away_o a_o common_a complaint_n of_o the_o native_n come_v to_o the_o king_n that_o be_v thus_o hate_v of_o all_o and_o bereave_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a part_n at_o length_n after_o consultation_n upon_o these_o matter_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o what_o by_o their_o deserve_n and_o upon_o a_o lawful_a agreement_n they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n shall_v be_v their_o own_o by_o inviolable_a right_n but_o they_o shall_v challenge_v nothing_o to_o themselves_o way_n by_o name_n of_o descent_n succession_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nation_n subdue_a which_o thing_n true_o how_o discreet_o it_o be_v consider_v of_o be_v manifest_a especial_o when_o as_o thus_o by_o all_o mean_n for_o their_o own_o good_a they_o be_v bind_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o apply_v themselves_o by_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_n insomuch_o as_o who_o of_o the_o conquer_a people_n possess_v land_n or_o such_o like_a obtain_v they_o not_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v due_a by_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o in_o recompense_n of_o his_o deserve_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n hence_o we_o see_v how_o precarious_o matter_n stand_v with_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o poor_a country_n man_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n in_o those_o day_n and_o with_o what_o observance_n and_o obsequious_a respect_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o carry_v themselves_o towards_o their_o conquer_a disseisor_n to_o purchase_v many_o time_n but_o a_o modicum_fw-la of_o what_o have_v late_o be_v their_o own_o and_o when_o they_o have_v it_o see_v withal_o upon_o what_o kittle_a rotter_a uncertain_a term_n they_o hold_v 38â—_n it_o the_o relation_n come_v from_o a_o very_a good_a hand_n and_o be_v so_o authentic_a as_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v credit_v for_o itself_o but_o if_o any_o man_n expect_v further_a confirmation_n i_o suppose_v it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o bracton_n lib_n 1._o cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o have_v this_o passage_n and_o be_v in_o part_n second_v in_o it_o by_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o fuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la say_v he_o in_o conquestu_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la per_fw-la libera_fw-la servitia_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la ejecti_fw-la essent_fw-la postmodum_fw-la reversi_fw-la receperunt_fw-la eadem_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la tenenda_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it etc._n etc._n the_o same_o b._n author_n fol._n â—6_n and_o elsewhere_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o sort_n of_o tenant_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la villanorum_fw-la sockmannorum_fw-la per_fw-la conventionem_fw-la de_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la dominorum_fw-la licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la esset_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o passage_n if_o not_o totidem_fw-la verbis_fw-la yet_o in_o substance_n often_o repeat_v of_o he_o in_o my_o judgement_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o practice_n of_o the_o tenant_n curry_v favour_n and_o comply_v with_o their_o lord_n whereof_o in_o tilburiensis_n and_o their_o obtain_n thereby_o to_o better_v their_o estate_n and_o by_o degree_n to_o creep_v out_o of_o villeinage_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o socage_n a_o tenure_n thus_o grow_v to_o that_o latitude_n and_o so_o comprehensive_a as_o it_o help_v to_o make_v that_o dichotomy_n into_o which_o all_o the_o kingdom_n land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n in_o point_n of_o tenure_n be_v resolve_v chivalry_n be_v the_o other_o now_o be_v of_o such_o note_n a_o little_o further_a enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n to_o clear_v the_o truth_n in_o both_o will_v not_o do_v amiss_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o this_o discourse_n of_o tenor_n by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n of_o our_o lawyer_n derive_v derive_v i_o suppose_v and_o first_o suck_v from_o that_o great_a ornament_n of_o their_o profession_n b._n bracton_n the_o term_n be_v say_v to_o come_v to_o use_v the_o author_n own_o word_n à _fw-la socko_n &_o inâ—e_a tenentes_fw-la quitenent_fw-la in_o sockagiâ—_n sockmanni_n dici_fw-la poterant_fw-la â—o_o quod_fw-la deputati_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la videtur_fw-la tantummodò_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o of_o bracton_n be_v strong_o back_v by_o littleton_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tenor_n where_o treat_v of_o socage_n he_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o tenure_n be_v call_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o tenure_n in_o socage_n be_v this_o because_o say_v he_o socagium_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la &_o soca_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la caruca_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o soak_v or_o a_o plough_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o so_o he_o add_v for_o further_a confirmation_n before_o the_o limitation_n of_o time_n of_o memory_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o socage_n aught_o to_o come_v with_o their_o plough_n every_o of_o the_o say_a tenant_n for_o certain_a day_n in_o the_o year_n to_o plough_v and_o sow_v the_o demesne_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o for_o that_o such_o work_n be_v do_v for_o the_o livelihood_n and_o sustenance_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v quit_v against_o their_o lord_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n etc._n etc._n and_o because_o that_o such_o service_n be_v do_v with_o their_o plough_n this_o tenure_n be_v call_v tenure_n in_o socage_n etc._n etc._n thus_o littleton_n follow_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o common_a lawyer_n and_o other_o since_o not_o without_o a_o kind_n of_o popular_a error_n as_o under_o favour_n i_o conceive_v and_o with_o
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o â—o_o be_v lâ—w._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v
i_o will_v that_o richard_n hubbard_n the_o son_n of_o william_n hubbard_n of_o lynsfield_n shall_v have_v my_o house_n and_o all_o my_o land_n if_o that_o the_o law_n will_v suffer_v it_o pay_v therefore_o to_o every_o one_o of_o my_o sister_n agnes_n katherine_n and_o margaret_n three_o pound_n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n to_o be_v pay_v within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n next_o after_o my_o decease_n 8._o nor_o be_v this_o passage_n less_o pregnant_a and_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n take_v from_o the_o will_n of_o john_n stace_n of_o leigh_n date_v the_o 18_o of_o march_n 1538._o in_o the_o same_o registry_n and_o also_o i_o will_v that_o if_o the_o king_n last_o act_n in_o parliament_n will_v not_o stand_v with_o my_o wife_n to_o enjoy_v the_o one_o half_a of_o my_o land_n i_o will_v then_o that_o my_o executor_n shall_v pay_v yearly_a to_o agnes_n my_o wife_n xl_o s._n during_o the_o term_n of_o her_o life_n and_o that_o to_o be_v pay_v quarterly_o at_o the_o four_o usual_a term_n by_o equal_a portion_n etc._n etc._n argument_n in_o these_o five_o last_o will_n mention_v sarlys_n byx_n hunt_n hubberd_n and_o staces_n what_o mean_v that_o doubt_n and_o question_n in_o the_o testator_n whether_o their_o devise_n of_o house_n and_o land_n be_v good_a or_o will_v hold_v and_o stand_v firm_a in_o law_n have_v there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n and_o have_v not_o the_o law_n be_v clear_a otherwise_o in_o this_o case_n as_o well_o in_o kent_n as_o elsewhere_o i_o observe_v also_o that_o in_o the_o interim_n of_o 27._o and_o 32._o h._n 8._o some_o few_o and_o indeed_o but_o very_o few_o will_v there_o be_v in_o the_o register_n at_o canterbury_n wherein_o land_n be_v devise_v some_o with_o feoffment_n and_o some_o without_o at_o least_o without_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o as_o for_o the_o former_a those_o with_o feoffment_n i_o find_v the_o most_o of_o they_o date_v though_o in_o or_o after_o the_o year_n 27._o yet_o before_o the_o six_o of_o may_v 28._o year_n of_o that_o king_n until_o when_o the_o act_n be_v not_o to_o come_v in_o force_n beside_o happy_o the_o feoffment_n be_v make_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v revoke_v as_o i_o conceive_v without_o the_o feoffee_n consent_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n those_o without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n some_o of_o they_o be_v of_o our_o city_n canterbury_n or_o the_o like_a place_n where_o by_o particular_a custom_n they_o may_v devise_v other_o happy_o have_v feoffment_n although_o not_o mention_v if_o not_o they_o be_v no_o other_o i_o conceive_v than_o will_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o de_fw-fr bene_fw-la esse_fw-la make_v nor_o do_v or_o can_v otherwise_o or_o further_o operate_v inure_v or_o take_v effect_v than_o the_o interest_v or_o concern_v party_n shall_v give_v way_n with_o who_o in_o those_o elder_a time_n time_n of_o more_o and_o great_a regard_n and_o reverence_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o dead_a than_o the_o present_a the_o die_a parent_n or_o kinsman_n mind_n declare_v in_o his_o will_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o sway_n and_o do_v so_o much_o prevail_v as_o to_o persuade_v with_o they_o to_o renounce_v a_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o decease_v solemn_a and_o declare_a mind_n beside_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o because_o such_o will_n and_o devise_n be_v find_v therefore_o they_o pass_v and_o be_v allow_v of_o as_o good_a and_o effectual_a the_o contrary_a whereof_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a by_o the_o if_n and_o condition_n find_v in_o other_o will_n of_o those_o time_n argue_v plain_o the_o testator_n distrust_n and_o doubt_n of_o the_o validity_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o success_n and_o effect_n of_o his_o devise_n whereof_o example_n be_v lay_v down_o before_o before_o i_o close_o and_o wind_n up_o all_o i_o have_v only_o this_o to_o add_v by_o way_n of_o offer_n from_o the_o party_n opponent_n to_o this_o custom_n and_o his_o council_n which_o as_o a_o matter_n much_o considerable_a i_o may_v not_o pretermit_v that_o whereas_o that_o abundance_n of_o will_n wherein_o land_n be_v devise_v without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n find_v and_o produce_v from_o the_o registries_n both_o of_o canterbury_n and_o rochester_n be_v much_o insist_v on_o in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n if_o from_o the_o registries_n of_o any_o other_o diocese_n out_o of_o kent_n where_o such_o devise_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v obtain_v until_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n of_o equal_a circuit_n and_o extent_n to_o either_o of_o these_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n may_v not_o as_o true_o be_v observe_v and_o a_o proportionable_a number_n and_o quantity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o will_n will_n of_o land_n devise_v without_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n can_v be_v produce_v and_o consequent_o the_o argument_n and_o inference_n thence_o draw_v for_o the_o custom_n clude_v and_o avoid_v they_o will_v sit_v down_o convince_v and_o with_o their_o adversary_n subscribe_v unto_o that_o argument_n a_o offer_n this_o in_o my_o judgement_n so_o fair_a ingenuous_a and_o plausible_a as_o not_o to_o be_v reject_v of_o any_o but_o such_o as_o out_o of_o a_o cavil_v spirit_n be_v resolve_v to_o turn_v the_o deaf_a ear_n upon_o all_o fair_a and_o equal_a proposal_n that_o i_o say_v not_o such_z as_o for_o maintenance_n sake_n make_v it_o their_o study_n quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la to_o maintain_v their_o spurious_a interest_n but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v what_o indeed_o i_o be_o far_o from_o be_v any_o otherwise_o than_o in_o truth_n behalf_n a_o partisan_n in_o this_o business_n i_o shall_v forbear_v all_o further_a censure_n and_o if_o i_o may_v but_o have_v the_o reader_n leave_v to_o make_v my_o epilogue_n i_o shall_v with_o thanks_o to_o he_o for_o that_o and_o the_o favour_n of_o all_o his_o other_o patience_n quit_v the_o stage_n of_o my_o discourse_n on_o this_o whole_a argument_n and_o make_v my_o exit_fw-la many_o other_o thing_n offer_v themselves_o to_o his_o discourse_n peroraâ—io_n that_o will_v treat_v of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o full_a but_o they_o be_v i_o take_v it_o most_o point_n of_o common_a law_n which_o because_o they_o be_v not_o only_o out_o of_o my_o profession_n but_o beside_o my_o intention_n too_o which_o be_v to_o handle_v it_o chief_o in_o the_o historical_a part_n and_o that_o no_o further_o than_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o primordiae_fw-la or_o beginning_n of_o it_o i_o will_v not_o wade_v or_o engage_v any_o further_a in_o the_o argument_n lest_o i_o be_v just_o censure_v of_o a_o mind_n to_o thrust_v my_o sickle_n into_o another_o man_n harvest_n only_o so_o a_o close_a crave_v leave_n to_o supply_v the_o common_a kentish_a supply_v custumal_a at_o the_o end_n of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n with_o one_o clause_n which_o according_a to_o a_o ancient_a copy_n register_v in_o a_o quondam_a book_n of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n at_o canterbury_n now_o remain_v with_o my_o very_a noble_a and_o learned_a friend_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n be_v to_o come_v in_o at_o pag._n 574_o lin_v 2._o after_o these_o word_n que_fw-fr de_fw-fr lay_n est_fw-fr â—eâ—â—_n sans_o man_n viz._n as_o that_o old_a copy_n god_n on_o there_o eâ—si_n home_n ou_fw-fr femme_fw-fr seit_n feloun_a de_fw-fr sei_fw-it mesme_n qeil_fw-fr sâ—y_a mesme_n de_fw-fr gre_fw-mi se_fw-mi ocye_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr aura_fw-fr les_fw-fr charteuz_fw-fr tut_fw-fr &_o niâ—nt_a l'an_n nele_o waste_v mes_fw-fr se_fw-fr heir_n seit_v tauto_v inherit_v sans_o contredit_n kar_n tout_fw-fr seit_n il_fw-fr feloun_n de_fw-fr say_v mesme_n ill_a neyt_n my_o atteint_a de_fw-fr felonye_n et_fw-fr clayment_n auxi_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o follow_v in_o that_o print_a custumal_a which_o clause_n as_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v thus_o english_v and_o if_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n shall_v be_v a_o felon_n of_o he_o or_o herself_o who_o shall_v kill_v he_o or_o herself_o of_o he_o or_o her_o own_o accord_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o chattel_n and_o not_o the_o year_n and_o the_o waste_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v immediate_o inherit_v without_o contradiction_n for_o albeit_o he_o or_o she_o be_v a_o felon_n of_o he_o or_o herself_o he_o or_o she_o be_v noâ—_n attaint_v of_o felony_n now_o crave_v pardon_n for_o what_o liberty_n i_o have_v take_v to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n and_o give_v my_o conjecture_n on_o several_a occasion_n here_o emergent_a i_o shall_v here_o cut_v the_o thread_n of_o this_o discourse_n wish_v that_o as_o i_o have_v not_o spare_v free_o to_o speak_v my_o mind_n so_o that_o every_o man_n that_o please_v shall_v assume_v the_o like_a liberty_n not_o suspect_v i_o so_o opinionate_a of_o my_o own_o vote_n as_o to_o wish_v much_o less_o to_o beg_v least_o of_o all_o to_o importune_v any_o unwilling_a man_n concurrence_n though_o haply_o unprovided_a